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3D Surfaces Design for Microalgae Cultivation in Algal Turf Scrubber Systems
HENKER, E.; SCHNEIDER, R. C. S.; MORAES, J. A. R. (UNISC); GRESSLER, P. D. (UFSC)
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Abstract: Several researches have shown that the surface relief of the microalgae cultivation area in Algal Turf Scrubber - ATS systems directly influences productivity. Large-scale ATS systems are being employed to sequester Nitrogen and Phosphorus from lakes and eutrophic environments. The adoption of this technology presents a new vision in systems of treatment and recovery of water sources, mainly for those that serve as water supply for their populations. This article discusses the preliminary phase of the research that aims to develop 3D surfaces for microalgae cultivation in ATS systems in laboratory scale, incorporating technology and evaluating the environmental performance of the system to guide research with large scale application. The definition of surfaces used was based on rocks, natural fibers and mathematical models that extend the effective surface of the 3D model in relation to a projected surface. Consideration was given to the ease of obtaining the raw materials for molds and models and the complexity of the surfaces to be created to facilitate the cleaning of the surface and the harvesting of the algae in determined periods. The product design also aims to facilitate the large-scale manufacturing process, so it was employed various techniques for the preparation of surfaces such as: 3D modeling, 3D printing, 3D scanner, resin molding and gluing. Current results have shown that it is possible to develop low-cost, easy-to-manufacture 3D surfaces of medium complexity, thus providing the widening of the available surface area that can directly impact microalgae productivity.
Keywords: Algal Turf Scrubber, Microalgae, Eutrophication, Product Design, 3D Surface
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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A - B |
A Comparative Survey among Emergy Indices and More Usual Sustainability Indexes
P. A. Frugoli, A. P. Z. dos Santos, A. D. Frugoli (UNIP)
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Abstract:The search for sustainability and the growing concern about the environmental degradation
attract more and more researchers from all over the world, therefore, there is the need of
development of indexes that include the economy, society and environment. This study
applies the emergy synthesis with the aim of determine its indexes and compare them with
well known indexes obtained from the literature. The natural resources flows (renewable and
non renewable) and the resources from the economy of the countries are evaluated for the
calculation of emergy indexes. Correlations were made between the calculated indexes with
the well known indexes taken from the literature. The best correlation results were obtained
between the Human Development Index and the Ecological Footprint (HDIxEF) and between
the Surplus Biocapacity Index and the Environmental Sustainability Indice (SB x ESI).
Keywords:Emergy synthesis, indexes, sustainability, countries.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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A Cleaner Production Process of Sodium Dichromate Via Pressure Oxidative Leaching of Chromite
XU H. B.; SHI Y. L.; ZHANG H. L.; CHENG X. C.; PEI L. L.; LIU J. W.; QING P. H.; TIAN Y.; CAI. Z. H.; ZHANG Y. (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
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Abstract: Chromium compounds are important basic chemicals and find application in various industrial fields. The environmental problems resulted from the traditional production process of sodium dichromate have spawned worldwide public concerns. With a design objective to eliminate pollution at the source, a cleaner production process of sodium dichromate was developed, and the cleaner process has successfully achieved higher resource utilization efficiency and zero emission of the chromium-containing residue.
In the cleaner process, the conversion from chromite ore to sodium dichromate includes four steps: (1) the pressure oxidative leaching of chromite ore with concentrated NaOH solution; (2) the extraction of NaOH with CH3OH from the solid mixture of chromite ore leaching residues (COPRs) and sodium chromate crystal; (3) the distillation and recovery of CH3OH from aqueous concentrated NaOH solution; and (4) the manufacturing of sodium dichromate from the COPR containing sodium chromate crystal.
It was found that, under the optimal conditions, the chemical conversion ratio of trivalent chromium in chromite through Step (1) can be up to 95% or higher, the trivalent chromium content in COPRs is below 1.2% by weight (counted as Cr2O3), and the hexavalent chromium content in COPRs is even lower than 0.1% by weight (counted as Cr+6). In Steps (2) and (3), the recovery efficiencies of NaOH and CH3OH are as high as 96% and 98%, respectively. Especially, the final emission amount of COPRs is only 750 kilograms per ton of sodium dichromate product, much lower than that in the traditional soda-ash roasting process and no higher than that in the calciumfree roasting process.
Based on the cleaner process, a demonstrative pilot plant with an annual capability of 5000 tons of sodium dichromate is to be built up in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, China. The cleaner process has exhibited a promising prospect in the industrial production of sodium dichromate.
Keywords: chromite, pressure leaching, sodium dichromate, extraction, CH3OH
[Abstract]
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A Lean & Green Model for a Value Stream
PAMPANELLI, A. B. (GKN Driveline Americas)
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Abstract: Following the paper “A Lean & Green Model for a production cell”, published by Journal of Cleaner Production in December, 2014 (Pampanelli et al., 2014), the main objective of this paper is to propose the extension of the Lean & Green Model for the second level of flow, the Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM) for a value stream (VS), understanding its main characteristics and differences. Studies developed confirmed that traditional VS thinking (divided by product families) is not applicable for solving with environmental problems in a manufacturing environment. Following this finding, theL&GBM for second level flow was developed and tested in a single multinational engineering company, including the results of the model application at the value stream level. Such findings confirm that the Lean & Green Model can reduce resources use in a VS level from 2 to 40% and save R$ 1,5Mi.
Keywords: Lean, Lean and Green, Kaizen, Value Stream
[Abstract] [Paper]
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A Multidisciplinary Approach Towards the Introduction of Cleaner Production in Higher Education Curricula: A Case Study from TEC de Costa Rica
ROA-GUTIERREZ, F.; ARIAS, A. L.; CHAVES ABARCA, R.; JAUBERT-SOLANO, W.; ROBLES OBANDO, N.; VALERIO-VINDAS, J. J. (Costa Rica Technological Institute, Costa Rica); ASHTON, W. S.; HURTADO-MARTIN, M. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
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Abstract: During the execution of the project “Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas through the integration of Business, Engineering and Environmental Education”, the Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica(ITCR) established a multidisciplinary team including 6 professors from 4 departments (Environmental Engineering, Industrial Production Engineering, AgriBusiness, and Business Administration). Some courses ofthe above mentioned careerprograms originally included contents covering principles and concepts from Cleaner Production (CP) from a specific field perspective disregarding a multi and transdisciplinary approach of the CP. The academic profiles in terms of capacities and competences were analyzed to evolve towards a multidisciplinary approach by converging different professional capacities to achieve an improved implementation of CP in industries through a practicum. Presently, a pilot plan is being carried out using a multidisciplinary team of 6 advanced student from different programs. The methodology proposed includes short training in CP principles and concepts, data collection through visits to industries,data analysis in group sessions, improvement opportunities identification, and financial analysis. The recruitment of students for the pilot plan was carried out under voluntary and extracurricular terms, and supervised by the professors contributing in the Pathways project. The pilot plan will work with agrochemical formulation and distribution businesses located in Cartago. It is foreseen that in the near future, the methodology of CP implementation described in this paper could be formalized as an alternative modality to fulfill the professional practice required for most of ITCR programs. It is expected that the students would not only improve their CP knowledge and professional profile but also team work capacity. This paper presents the results of the project as a case study for ITCR.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Multidisciplinary Education, Higher Education
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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A Multi-Sectorial Analysis of a Waste to Energy Plant
CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila, Italy)
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Abstract: Currently waste management is a critical issue for several countries. Separate collection and recycling activities are growing; Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Austria and Denmark have drastically reduced the use of the landfill while Italy, United Kingdom and Spain give half of their waste to landfill. Real case studies and scientific papers have demonstrated the benefits of the waste to energy (WTE) facilities compared to the traditional incinerators. Typologies of waste suitable for the energy recovery are: unsorted waste, dry fraction from mechanical biological treatment, refuse-derived fuels (RDF) and also some special waste (e.g. medical). To focus on waste management in Italy, this study uses a multi-sectorial analysis for a region, Abruzzo, reporting a high rate of landfilling. Plant dimensioning, comparison between WTE strategies, centralized or decentralized solution, location of plant are proposed and economic, environmental, financial and social analysis verify the sustainability of the suggested solution. The outcomes deriving from the present research could be extended in developing countries where ever-increasing amounts of solid waste accompany rapid economic and population growth. Relevant is the municipalities ability to sustainably manage it all and solutions to these problems may be found in the results of the present research.
Keywords: quantitative analysis, sensitivity analysis, sustainability, waste to energy, multi-sectorial analysis
[Abstract] [Paper]
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A Phenomenologically Based Airline Model of a 2 MW Gas Engine
VALENCIA, G. E. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); CONSUEGRA, F. E. (Universidade del Norte); OSORIO, M. (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Colombia)
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Abstract: With the continuous advance and technological growth of society, the demand for energy has increased, more specifically the consumption of electrical power. This has led to the development of renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar energy. Despite their numerous advantages, such as environmental and economic benefits, at an industrial level, higher reliability and generating capacity energy sources are preferred. Because of this, nowadays many industrial sectors prefer fossil fuel-based energy generation, frequently using turbines and internal combustion engines as a primary energy source. The choice of one or other primary energy generation option depends on how variable the electricity demand is, as it causes continuous change in generator load. If a constant energy demand and economic feasibility study are required, a gas turbine can be chosen, despite having lower thermal efficiency than internal combustion engines. Otherwise, an engine is a better choice whether operating on diesel or natural gas as a fuel, because its high robustness allows it to adapt better to variable load rates. Considering the above, it is not surprising that in Colombia, a high percentage of industries uses generation engines to self-generate a part of its electric consumption. Considering that, usually, these generation engines must supply electrical power to industrial plants in a 24-7 regime, it is not feasible to keep them out of operation, neither in unexpected operation regimes for long periods of time. This, together with the manufacturer's restrictions and the laborious nature of making changes within the processing and control unit of an equipment, make it necessary to carry out a simulation of the system with its respective results, which can be transferred to the real system later. Therefore, the generator-engine assembly has been defined as a set of process systems, where the operational behavior of the equipment can be simulated using mathematical equations, obtaining a phenomenologically based semi-physical model that can be used to perform experiments in simulations. Finally, this work focuses on the implementation of the methodology for combining phenomenologically based semiphysical models to obtain a dynamic of the air line of a 2 MW Jenbacher natural gas internal combustion engine, focusing on modeling of mean values that involves the study of some engine parameters such as the intake manifold temperature and pressure, the mass flow through the throttle and turbo-bypass valve in the engine, the electric power and the gas emission.
Keywords: Mean Value Model, Gas Engine, Phenomenological Semiphysical model
[Abstract] [Paper]
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A Profitability Analysis of Small-Scale Biomethane Plants
CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University of Rome Tor Vergata - Italy)
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Abstract: European countries aim to achieve a more competitive, safe and sustainable energy system. Biomethane is a promising renewable energy carrier and the main point of strength is its flexibility. In fact, this resource can be injected directly into the public gas grid, or can be converted into electricity and heat in cogeneration units, or can be used in the transport sector as vehicle fuel. Literature analysis highlights as the role of subsidies is strategic to develop the biomethane production and countries, as Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Netherlands, have registered a significant growth in the last years. This paper proposes a mathematical and economic model useful to evaluate the profitability of biomethane injected into the gas grid. The indicators used are Net Present Value and Discounted Payback Time. The baseline scenario analyses three different small-scale sizes (50 m3/h, 100 m3/h and 150 m3/h) concerning two typologies of substrates (municipal solid waste msw and a mixture of maize and manure residues). A sensitivity analysis on the main critical variables (subsidies, investment costs of biogas production, transport costs of substrates and percentage of maintenance and overhead costs in biogas production) is conducted. The profitability of biomethane, also for small-scale plants and when are recovered a wide range of waste, can contribute to develop the circular economy and consequently, it plays a role in a sustainable future.
Keywords: biomethane, economic analysis, small-scale plants, subsidies, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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A Reflection on Product Development Oriented for Green Supply Chain Management
CANCIGLIERI JR., O. (PUC-PR); RECHE, A. Y. U. (PUC-PR/SENAI)
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Abstract: The product development process is an activity that that need integration with the supply chain: suppliers, manufacturers and customers. The objective of this article is to analyze publications about the subject product development and green supply chain. For the literature review, it was searched for the concepts of product development process, product development stages, suppliers and customers integration in product development, supply chain business processes, supply chain management, green supply chain management, sustainable supply chain management and triple bottom line. Methodology: A bibliographical survey was conducted in Capes database, covering the articles published in scientific journals up to 2016. Results: The topic of product development oriented to the green supply chain management still does not have a consensus, being treated with a broad approach.
Keywords: product development, supply chain management, green supply chain management, triple bottom line
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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A Reflection on the Product Development Process Integrated with Sustainability
TEIXEIRA, G. F. G.; CANCIGLIERI JR., O. (PUC-PR)
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Abstract: The academic debate on sustainability plays a significant growth in several segments. Among these, there is the debate on integrating sustainability into the Product Development Process (PDP). Thus, the present study aims to identify which are the connecting elements between these two areas of knowledge. The work was carried out through a systematic bibliographic research and resulted in 14,891 searches, of which 101 were classified. The research covered the studies published in the period from 2006 to 2016. Finally, the research result describes that the dedication to the study is relevant. Study on the integration of sustainability into the product development process, based on the need for further studies in this field and also for its constant growth, thus proving to be an area with opportunities for future research.
Keywords: Sustainability, Product Development Process (PDP), Systematic Bibliographic Research
[Abstract] [Paper]
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A Research on the Awareness Toward Sustainable Production Aspects
A. R. Sacomano, P. L. O. Costa Neto (UNIP)
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Abstract: In this paper it is present part of a broader research named “Social Responsibility as an Element
do Sustainability, Quality of Products and Services and Quality of Life”, part which deals with the
awareness on sustainable production of entities related to the subject and professionals
classified in lawyers and others. By selecting the mentioned part of the broader research, this
one carried on during a master degree work, the authors aim to show points of Brazilian reality
related to this awareness, in order to indicate its progresses and omissions with respect to the
thought on social responsibility and sustainability, so wishing to contribute for the adoption of
propositions able to improve this degree of awareness in Brazil, including a better commitment
of the legal professionals.
Keywords: Sustainability, social responsibility, lawyers, awareness, quality of life
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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A Short-Cut Model for Predicting Biomethane Avaliability after Biogas Upgrading
JOPPERT, C. L.; PERECIN, D.; COELHO, S. T.; CAMACHO, J. L. P. (USP)
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Abstract: Biomethane figures with increasing importance in the bioenergy sector. As a renewable energy source that promotes waste recovery and GHG (greenhouse gases) reduction, biomethane use aligns with cleaner production principles. However, many of the final uses to biomethane require an upgrading and cleaning process, to remove contaminants such as H2S and CO2. Facing the great amount of technological options to promote biogas upgrading and cleaning up to this date, it might be a rather challenging task to have a first estimate of biomethane availability required for a conceptual project level. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to propose a short-cut, mass balance-based model to predict biomethane availability after promoting a biogas cleaning and upgrading process regardless of the source of organic feedstock or the choice of the cleaning technology. The model development results into interesting dimensionless parameters, such as the gas contamination factors. Relevant parameters regarding biomethane use, such as its LHV and Wobbe index are also adapted to this model. The correlation with data from literature shows that the model has a satisfactory prediction when methane losses in the upgrading process are less than 3%.
Keywords: Biogas, Biomethane, Upgrading, Availability, Shortcut
[Abstract] [Paper]
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A Study on the use of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) in Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
D. M. Heinzen (IFSC), L. M. S. Campos e P. A. C. Miguel (UFSC)
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Abstract: Environment issues have gained greater evidence on the corporate agenda nowadays. The view
that pollution is only one undesirable consequence is no longer endorsed by organizations, bringing
up the importance of managing their environmental issues. Facing this challenge, one of the
actions taken by the companies has been the implementation and certification of an environmental
management system (EMS). In this sense, the aim of this paper is to present a set of
environmental performance measures used to manage the EMS and that can contribute to the
effectiveness of ISO 14001 system. This research is exploratory and descriptive, conducted
through a survey. Data was collected by an instrument sent to ISO 14001 certified companies in
the Santa Catarina State in Brazil. The target companies were from various economic sectors. The
target population consisted of 73 organizations and accessible population resulted in 62
companies. From those, 39 companies participated in the survey. The results show the
characteristics of respondents and the most used environmental performance mesures according
to the requirements of the standard. Findings have shown that companies mostly adopt
environmental performance mesures more directly associated with the legal requirements (legal
and other requirements, preparation and emergency response, evaluation of legal and other
requirements and environmental aspects). In addition, the following economic sectors that "always" and/or "often" used most measures are: Pulp and Paper/Furniture/Wood, Textiles, Metals
and Electrical/Electrical and Electronic.
Keywords: Environmental performance indicators, EPI, environmental management systems, EMS, ISO
14001.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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A Survey about Multi-Objective Optimization for Green Vehicle Routing Problems
FERREIRA, J. C.; STEINER, M. T. A.; CANCIGLIERI JR, O. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
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Abstract: This article presents a survey about multi-objective optimization for green vehicle routing problems (MOOGVRP), that is, with environmental considerations. It makes use of a taxonomy that divides the MOOGVRP in: Green VRP, Pollution Routing Problem (PRP) and VRP in Reverse Logistics (VRPRL). The goal of the present paper is to detect the gaps in the literature that make possible some advances related to MOOGVRP. For this, this research approaches, briefly, the following topics: bibliometric data; taxonomy; main variations of the VRP used; proposed objective functions; number of objectives; solution procedures; main softwares and languages for implementation; the most cited works of the sample and their approaches.
Keywords: Survey; Green Vehicle Routing Problem; Pollution Routing Problem; Vehicle Routing Problem in Reverse Logistic; Multi-objective Optimization.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Absence of the Impact of the Loss of Biodiversity in LCA Studies of Sustainable Construction: Unfamiliarity or Leniency?
PIMENTEL, D. L. C. S.; SALLES, M. T. (UFF)
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Abstract: Fundamental part of the LCA methodology, the definition of environmental impact categories does not usually incorporate in studies related to constructive sustainability, biodiversity loss. Among the reasons, it can superficially suppose a few reasons: the complexity of the issue, the difficulty of valuation, the anthropocentric view of society, ignorance of the importance of ecosystem services for the maintenance of the balance of the planet, among others. This paper recognizes the complexity of the issue and understands that there is no way to ignore the responsibilities of the Brazilian construction sector by the large participation in the deterioration of the natural environment framework. In this sense, using the exploratory research, seeks to deepen another possible cause: the lack of experts in sustainable buildings.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Sustainable Building, LCA, Environmental Impact
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Accounting Contributions in Emergy for the National Solid Waste Policy
C. A. Di Agustini (FGV); L. P. Vendrametto (UNIP)
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Abstract: The current Brazilian Bill for Solid Waste will impact 5564 Brazilian municipalities, which need to be mobilized to adopt policies and actions for waste treatment in accordance with the Act. The project may empower millions of businesses and individuals, because in case of damage involving solid waste responsibility for the implementation of corrective measures, they will be charged from the causer of the damage, jointly with its generator. Product life cycle, environmentally appropriate final destination, and flow of solid waste integrated management are objects of this Project Act. It presents the accounting in emergy as an alternative to consistently assess the impacts of solid waste on the biosphere, because its amplitude goes beyond the frontiers of economic and production systems (extraction, production, use and disposal), breaking into the environment of ecosystems. It also presents some experiences with this methodology as a tool to support integrated management of solid wastes, establishing performance indicators and assessment of environmental impacts. Mankind has walked to the degradation of the natural environment, and needs to decide whether “homo sapiens” will pollute the natural resources with enormous damage to the biosphere, or manage the waste in an integrated manner with the ecosystems in order to keep them sustainable. The accounting in emergy is an important step to assess the ability of Earth to sustain our species.
Keywords: Solid waste, legislation, life cycle, emergy, indicators of sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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ACS Summer School in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Energy: Fomenting Awareness and Creativity for Innovative Chemistry
FLORÊNCIO, T. M.; MALPASS, G. R. P. (UFTM)
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Abstract: The concept and applications of Green Chemistry are
not a novelty in countries with a well-established
chemical
industry and universities. Since awareness about su
stainability and environment is increasing exponent
ially,
investment in education and in academic areas is viable not only to foment research and development in
side the
scientific community but also to provide an exchang
e of ideas potentially applicable to achieve the go
als implicit in
the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. Remarkab
ly, the American Chemical Society has been committed to
Sustainable Energy and Green Chemistry since 2003,
with an initiative of holding a series of meetings
as Summer
Schools gathering graduate students and postdocs in
volved with R&D in the areas of environment, green
chemistry and sustainability with sponsorship of va
rious oundations resulting in no cost for the acce
pted
applicants. The Summer School happens every year and offers in one week lectures, applied exercises and interactive activities, enabling networking between
representatives of industries, researchers and the
students
themselves. Even though applications are only accep
ted from students of the Americas, students from nationalities
of all around the world who study in the Americas have attended the ACS Summer School.
Keywords: Green chemistry, sustainability, sustainable energy, education.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Action of Chemical Leasing in Production Processes aimed at Sustainability
BARROS, M. J. (UNIMEP/IFPR), OLIVEIRA, M. C.; GONÇALES FILHO, M. (UNIMEP)
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Abstract: The Chemical Leasing is a model geared to the activities of buying and selling of chemicals, where the manufacturer seeks to develop productivity, through the efficient use of chemicals and the interest of the parties involved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the proposal of chemical leasing as a more sustainable alternative of the manufactures and consumers of chemical in its manufacturing process. The attention turns to acceptance of a partnership model between manufacturer and consumer of chemicals attention turns to acceptance of a partnership model between manufacturer and consumer of chemicals with the provision of chemical solution service, consisting of orientation, process optimization and rationalization of usage, that shifts the focus from the increase in sales volume, to a value-added approach aiming to achieve sustainability. The approach used was the exploratory study designed from already published material. To the relationship between the traditional models oriented to sales volume, and the products and services-oriented model. The contribution is in possibly point out that companies using management model aimed at the sharing of responsibilities in the interests of sustainability, can expect a reduction of costs compared to traditional systems, and that this format of shared management saves natural resources. And so, possibly reducing the quantities of chemicals, which can have a negative impact on human health and the environment.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainability, Chemical Leasing, Industry, Green Chemistry.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Additional Step in PET Recyling to Enhance Properties
S. D. Mancini; J. A. S. Schwartzman; A. R. Nogueira; D. A. Kagohara (UNESP)
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Abstract: Poly (ethylene terephthalate) –PET- recycling usually involves grinding, washing, drying and reprocessing. This study presents the results of an extra step in PET recycling: a chemical washing after the conventional one, aiming the production of more valuable recycled polymers. Oil PET bottles flakes were washed only with water and then submitted to reaction with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 5M at 90oC for 10 minutes (chemical washing). After rinsing and drying, the flakes were characterized by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis tests. The results indicated a higher purity of the chemical washed material in comparison with PET washed only with water: 99,3% and 96,7%, respectively.
Keywords: Recycling, PET, washing
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Adequacy of the Food Complex of the Goiás Engineering Club to Cleaner Production
MELVIN, I. B.; MARENGÃO, M.; AVELAR, G.; PASQUALETTO, A.; MURO JR., A. (IFG)
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Abstract: Operating with the technologies of Cleaner Production, it has been undertaken an analysis of the production processes of the food complex of the Engineering Club of Goiás (CENG), located in Goiânia, Brazil, in order to indicate the parts of the productive sector that potentially cause environmental and economic impacts. It was adopted a quantification methodology for the food residues generated by the kitchen in a midweek day and a weekend, from preparation and consumption of meals and use of disposable cups and charcoal. After the analysis, alternatives were proposed to optimize the processes, minimizing the problems found, so as to combine economic advantages with ecological advantages, suggesting practices of Cleaner Production associated with Environmental Education. The results showed the need for the adequation of the club’s food complex and implantation of Cleaner Production, once it has as its principles the application of Environmental Education, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development. With the demonstration of the viability of projects like this, many productive sectors that do not deal with sustainability for considering it inapplicable will recognize the importance of applying the concept in their services, in addition to using the necessary techniques and tools to adapt themselves into Cleaner Production. By this means, measures are implemented in order to improve the food processing in a sustainable manner and to raise awareness among the community and the employees involved. Furthermore, it is concluded that the productive activity in restaurants, kitchens and cafeterias has potential to implement sustainable practices, using the Cleaner Production program.
Keywords: Cleaner Production; Sustainability, Restaurants, Kitchen, Food Residues
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Adequacy to environmental law and to economic production: a study of Missal municipality (PR) - 2005-2007
F. L. S. Campos; P. G. S. C. M. Gomes (Faculdade Anglo-Americana-PR); D. Mondardo; K. S. Fernandes; L. B. dos Santos (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The occupation of Brazilian territory has always been accomplished without planning, causing great damage to the environment. This study intends to compare the economical losses with the adaptation to the environmental legislation (Brazilian Law 4.771, of 15/09/1965), of economic activities performed in the municipal district of Missal (PR), in the period of 2005-2007, with the earnings of the environmental improvement and the "sale" of CO2 quotas. After visits to the studied area, use of GPS and economical calculations and adaptation, it could be concluded that the environmental and economical earnings are larger than the costs associated to the environmental handling.
Keywords: Environmental legislation, economic production, Missal
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Adsorption of Acid Orange 8 from Aqueous Solution onto Zeolites Synthesized from Coal Fly Ashes Modified by Surfactant
BERTOLINI, T. C. R.; MAGDALENA, C. P.; IZIDORO, J. C.; CUNICO, P.; FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN-CENEN/SP)
|
Abstract: The adsorption of Acid Orange 8 (AL8) over zeolites
from coal fly ashes modified by surfactant was evaluated. The
coal ashes used in the synthesis of zeolite (ZCC) by alkaline hydrothermal treatment were collected in
thermal
power plants Jorge Lacerda (SC) and Figueira (PR).
The modification of zeolites was performed by mixing ZCC with
the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide a
nd the materials obtained were modified zeolite Jorge
Lacerda (ZMJ) and modified zeolite Figueira (ZMF).
The dye adsorption equilibrium was reached after 90
min for
ZMF and ZMJ. The experimental data were best fitted
to the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order for both
adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was described in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and
Freundlich model was the most compatible with the experimental data for ZMJ and ZMF.
The maximum adsorption
capacities were 5.29 mg g-1
for the AL8/ZMJ and 1.79 mg g-1
for the AL8/ZMF.
Keywords: zeolite;
coal fly ashes; modified zeolites; acid dye; adsorption.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 Dye From Aqueous Solution By Coal Fly Ash
P. Cunico; C. P. Magdalena; T. E. M. Carvalho; D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CENEN - São Paulo)
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Abstract: The fly ash (CC6), a waste generated in a coal-fired electric power generation, was used as
adsorbent to remove Reactive Black 5 (RP 5) dye from aqueous solutions. The effect of contact
time was investigated on the adsorption process. The amounts adsorbed at equilibrium were
measured. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested for their applicability. The
isotherm adsorption data fit accordingly to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption
capacity of 0.58 mg/g. The experimental results showed a high percentage removal of 44 to
91% for CC6. The high percentage removal of RB 5 dye onto fly ashes revealed that these
materials could potentially be used as adsorbents in the reactive dye removal from textile
wastewater.
Keywords: Adsorbent, dye, fly ash, reactive black 5
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solution by Surfactant Modificed Zeolite from Coal Bottom Ash
ALCÂNTARA, R. R., IZIDORO, J. C., FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN - CNEN/SP)
|
Abstract: Zeolitic material synthesized from coal bottom ash was modified by surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Surfactant modified zeolite (ZMSPB) was used as alternative low cost adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption equilibration was attained after 40 min of the contact time. The adsorption kinetics was tested for models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich. The adsorption isotherm was analyzed using non-linear equations of the model Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and the criterion of best fit was evaluated using error functions. The obtained adsorption data were better described by the D-R model. The results showed that ZMSPB is a good adsorbent for the removal of RB from aqueous effluent.
Keywords: Zeolite, Adsorption, Rhodamine B, Coal bottom ash.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Advantages of Cleaner Production Implementation
O. D. Perretti; N. Palmeri; G. Oliveira Neto; R. Kronig; O. Vendrametto (UNIP)
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Abstract: The increasing ecological awareness, ambient preservation, social justice and concern with the future generations are directly related to the sustainable development of the companies. This paper approaches the concept of Cleaner Production organized for activities of production and the positive effect to the environment. Through examples of improvement on packings, applied in a big multinational company installed in Brazil and in a small national industry, it is shown the search for the improvement in its processes and the phases of the production cycle that can adjust the environmentally acceptable criteria.
Keywords: Cleaner production, sustainable development, environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Aggregating the Environmental Benefits and Economic Benefits: A case study with application of CP
K. Faccin (UCS); T. Benvenuti (UERGS); D. Maffessoni (UERGS); J. M. Rocha (UNIPAMPA)
|
Abstract: The new economic context, based on fierce competition in the quest for market leadership,
coupled with the rigid posture of customers, focused on the expectation to interact with
organizations that are ethical, with good corporate image in the market and act in
environmentally responsible, makes that companies seek to increase efficiency in the use of
raw materials, water and energy through the non-generation, minimization or recycling of
waste and emissions generated, bringing environmental benefits, occupational health and
economic.
This article describes the implementation of a program for cleaner production (P + L) in a
typical metalworking firm, located in the cluster's production serra gaúcha. The methods
used were the single case study and action research. We used several sources of data such
as: documents, index, written reports and spreadsheets used by the company. This study
aimed to contribute to the clarification of this issue, considered in the emerging globalized
world. We tried to also provide information that could help with the learning of other
organizations that are in this same context, and emphasize the benefits of P + L for
businesses.
With the implementation of cleaner production methodology of the company significantly
reduced the generation of waste and the costs associated with them. It also reduced costs to
the consumption of raw materials. With minimum investment return in that small space of
time could accumulate economic and environmental benefits.
Keywords: Cleaner Production. productive efficiency. economic benefits, environmental benefits
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Agricultural Landscape Change and Land Footprint: The Case Study of Sardinia, Italy
LOMBARDI, G.V. (University of Florence - Italy); ATZORI, R. (Uniser - Italy); COCCO, A. (University of Cagliari - Italy)
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Abstract: Urban population growth has triggered a process of change in rural areas and landscape patterns. This transformation has a twofold consequence. On one hand, land conversion causes loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction (Deng et al., 2017). On the other hand, higher levels of food demand, together with the reduction of available land, endanger the capability of supplying food at local level. The local food systems and food security is increasingly dependent by trade and transport costs. Local food system conservation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the pursuit of sustainable and bio based economy perspective. Land food footprint is a significant tool in assessing food self-sufficiency, land displacement and thus food system sustainability. In this paper we analyse the evolution of land food footprint and landscape diversity in Sardinia over the period 1970-2010 to assess the impact of land use change and food systems evolution. Time series show a decrease in landscape diversity and greater degrees of few landscape elements dominance, agricultural specialization and declining selfsufficiency. In summary, these results show that diversified and traditional crops have been replaced by specialised, less labour-intensive crops and that the local food system is integrated by food imports, resulting in land unbalance (land displacement), in landscape features simplification and in rural settlements abandon.
Keywords: Land food footprint; Landscape diversity; Food planning; Landscape quantitative analysis; Land use.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Air Pollution Emissions Trade of State of São Paulo
A. F. P. Pedro; S. P. Nogueira; F. D. Soler (Pedro Pinheiro Advogados)
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Abstract: The necessity of compatible economic-social development with a minimization of the increasing effects of pollution levels, and the degradation of air quality took the Estate of São Paulo to publish Decrees number 48.523/04 and number 50.753/06, “Decrees of Aerial Basin”.
Those norms conjugate instruments of command and economic control for environment management of emissions, relying on the strength of the market to change the behavior of the industrious.
In this way, the Atmospheric Emission Reduction Units (CEAR’s) arise, as a tool of market that aims to ensure economic and environment efficiency for the control of air pollution, stimulating new sources to pay for the “right of polluting” and the existing sources to invest in new and clean technologies to generate credits that can be sold.
After that, it was necessary to create the Paulista Market of Atmospheric Emission (MPEA), aim of this study, which is an environment for negotiating the rights to use the credits.
This market is currently in phase of consolidation and is a simplified system, aiming to transmit credibility and transparency to the transference processes of CEAR’s, everything according to the environment protection and Brazilian Civil Code.
The Paulista Atmospheric Emission Market aims allocating funds more efficiently, as the entrepreneur decides on the most convenient strategy, whether investing on atmospheric polluter emission reduction on industrial plant or on acquiring rights with sellers who produced and detain CEAR’s.
Keywords: Emission market; aerial basin; economical instruments; atmospheric emission reduction units (CEAR’s)
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Air Treatment Station: A Proposal Air Pollution Reduction
BREJÃO, A. S., MORAES, M. O., VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP), BREJÃO, L. F. (UFABC)
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Abstract: Evaluate the implementation of a project to build Air Treatment Station (ATS's) that are designed to filter out polluting particles suspended in the air and humidifies it. Although the city of São Paulo is used as a reference for research, air pollution is a global issue that is the cause of serious problems to man, characterized as a public health problem. An ATS can be built in different scales and can contribute to improving air quality both indoors establishments like hospitals and underground stations subway as in open areas such as roads and industrial zones.
Keywords: Air Treatment Station; Air Pollution; Particles in suspension; soot; Public health.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Alternative Fuels and Cogeneration for Reducing CO2 Emissions
J. A. P. Balestieri (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Electricity cogeneration is growing worldwide based on the burning of fossil fuels – especially natural gas. Although its low emission factors, it is important to consider that the availability of natural resources must be taken into account for a long-term investment in the electricity generation sector. The identification of alternative renewable fuels and the integration of cogeneration to certain industrial processes that produce some of these alternative fuels are evaluated in this paper.
Keywords: Cogeneration, alternative fuels, CO2 emissions minimization
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Alternative Sustainable Dyeing of Textiles with Ionic Liquid
RIBEIRO, F. R. G. (UEM/UTFPR); CABRAL, V. F.; SILVA, C. (UEM); ANDREAUS, J. (FURB); CARDOZO-FILHO, L.; CROSCATO, G. S.; SILVA, A. B.; MORAES, M. R. (UEM)
|
Abstract: The dyeing processes are extremely important for the differentiation and marketing of textile products. The dyeing takes place by fixing the dye molecule to the fibers, usually aqueous, that is, using water as the primary solvent
for the process. It is estimated that spends on average 125 liters of water per kilogram of textile article produced.
Whereas there is currently great interest in finding environmentally sustainable substances for this process, one of
the alternatives is the use of Ionic Liquid (IL) as
solvent substance for dyeing textiles due to its low cost, simple
synthesis, biodegradation of high character and abi
lity reuse. The Protic Ionic Liquids (LIP) are prod
uced by acid-
base reaction. Until now, there has been few studies directed towards application LI for application to textile
dyeing thus justified studies in this area. This study will present multi-fiber textile dyeing fabrics using Ionic
Liquids base Diethanolamine (DEA) as a solvent instead of water. The analyzes of the results will be made in
equipment spectrophotometer, observing the graph of
K/S.
Keywords: Textile Dyeing, Dye, Fiber, Ionic Liquid, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Alternatives Reuse for Waste of Treatment Plants Water and Sewage: The Brazilian Situation
NASCIMENTO, C. M. S.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: The existence of an environmental sanitation system
that meets the population for public water supply
and
sewage is so relevant for basic needs. This infrast
ructure prevents water borne diseases and improves
life's
quality. However, the treatment process of water and out puts produces solid waste. Therefore, this activity has
brought concerns about the proper disposal of these
wastes produced by Treatment Stations Water –ETA,
and
Sewage-ETE. The waste accumulated during the treatment process has as destination the aquatic system and soils
of land near the stations. This is deposited in nature form, without any pretreatment, which causes large
environmental damage by insertion of chemical and biological contaminants in these environments, contained in
the waste disposed. So-called sludge ETA and ETE possess highly toxic organic load to the environment.
The
adoption of alternative measures for proper disposal is an urgent issue. This approach brings work on
reuse of
material from the procedures operating of stations
in some segments identified as units of utilization
of these
wastes.
Keywords: Sanitation. Solid waste. Reuse.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Ambiental Valoration and Energy Generation with System Subproduct of Urban Solid Waste for Pirolysys
FRIMAIO, G. (IFAC); FRIMAIO, C. A. (UFABC)
|
Abstract: The biosphere’s capacity to absorb the waste generated by society has been long overcharged. Every year it is generated around 1.8 billion tons of urban solid waste (USW) in the world. Brazil produces 7.5 million tons and disposes 58.3% in landfills, and the rest is deposited in controlled landfills and open dumpsites. The appropriate USW management problem has showed to be a challenge, as factors such as quantity, volume, variety and complexity of waste entail risks for human health and the environment. Regulations implanted in Brazil in 2010 encourage the adoption of new alternatives for waste treatment and the development of clean technologies as a way to minimize environmental impacts, as well as technologies that aim to the urban solid waste’s energy recovery. In this sense, this study uses the emergy synthesis to evaluate a pioneer USW treatment system in Brazil – the Natureza Limpa Project – installed in the municipality of Unaí in Minas Gerais state, where the slow pyrolysis treatment for urban solid waste is applied. The indicators justify that the system is capable of performing gains in joules of energy (J) and emergy (sej) and presents great potential not only for waste treatment in Brazil, but also as a promising energy source, which is capable to assist on the energy demand by means of the exceeding production of 2.3 tons of charred urban waste, which is capable of producing 3.25x103 joules of energy per gram of treated waste.
Keywords: Emergy, USW treatment, pyrolysis, Natureza Limpa Project
[Abstract] [Paper]
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An Assessment Study of the Monthly Complementarity of Renewable Energy Resources in Colombia
PEÑA GALLARDO, R. (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí - Mexico); OSPINO CASTRO, A. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: In order to assess the feasibility of a combined use of renewable energy sources over a determined region, it is necessary to carry out complementarity studies. These studies let us know the generation profile of renewable energy sources, with high variability, over a specific interval of time and establish a possible match between two or more different energy sources. Such is the case of wind and solar energy sources. In this paper is presented an assessment study of the monthly complementarity of wind and solar resources over Colombia for electricity generation. It is proposed to assess the complementarity based on a novel approach, using a dataset obtained from high-resolution images of wind and solar monthly resource maps of Colombia; images previously treated using image processing techniques. Then, the dataset is used to calculate average energy generation on each month of the year, and the complementarity of both renewable resources is obtained calculating the degree of correlation between them, with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained results show a good degree of complementarity between both energy sources in some regions of Colombia, at the different seasons of the year. The results obtained in this study can be useful to identify regions with high potential of installation of power generation plants based on wind and solar energy.
Keywords: Complementarity study, image processing techniques, photovoltaic energy, wind energy.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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An Eco-Friendly Harvesting of Microalgae Using Combination of Microbial Flocculant and Chitosan in Simulated Eutrophic Water
JIANCHAO HAO (Nanjing Normal University - China/Tianjin Agricultural University - China); HUIFEN LIU; WEI ZHOU; LIJUN SHI; XIANZHI LU; BIN LIAN (Tianjin Agricultural University - China)
|
Abstract: Cyanobacteria usually occurred in eutrophic waters, but the harvesting of microalgal biomass by flocculation was still facing a major technological and economic challenge. In order to solve this problem, the combination of microbial flocculant (MBF) and chitosan was used to flocculate the biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa. The addition sequence of MBF and chitosan had an important influence on flocculation, and the best flocculation method was as follow: MBF (5 mL/L) was added firstly into algal culture, then the chitosan (30 mg/L) was added, MBF (5 mL/L) was added again at last. In this way, all the algal cells aggregated together, and the algal flocs floated on the surface of solution and the algal flocs could be harvested by net (0.15 mm) easily, which exhibited the highest separation efficiency of 98.33 %,the lowest total phosphorus of 0.74 mg/L and neutral pH (6.61) of supernatant. Zeta potential measurement confirmed the flocculation mechanism was charge neutralization. Microscopic observation revealed that some bubbles attached to the algal flocs which increased buoyancy of flocs. Some advantages above proved that combination of chitosan and MBF was a promising technology to harvest cyanobacteria.
Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa, microbial flocculant, chitosan, flocculation, zeta potential.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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An International Review of Sustainability in Higher Education Studies: A Messy Concept with Contradictory Attitudes
VIEGAS, C. V. (UNISINOS); BOND, A. J. (University of East Anglia, UK); SELLITTO, M. A. (UNISINOS)
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Abstract: Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE) represents a comprehensive and complex set of plans and initiatives involving institutional context (universities and their management board for “greening the campuses”), and educational actors (students, teachers, community stakeholders) in pursuit ofsuitable ways for a sustainable environment in teaching, learning and promoting community values. This paper reviews 26 international selected studies on SHEfrom a pool of 137 identified in academic databases, published between 2000 and 2014. The analysis identifiedfive constructs that pervade such studies: (i) students’ views on sustainability; (ii) students’ literacy; (iii) students’ attitudes; (iv) main pedagogies employed; (vii) universities’ roles. Based on these constructs it was found that: (i) students have a broad and confused view of sustainability, although they associate it with practice and attitudinal change, mainly towards the environment; (ii) they present low level of literacy for sustainability; (iii)their attitudes tend to be contradictory when compared with their beliefs, as they are inclined to remain in a comfort zone of no change; (iv)they are typicallytrained by technical meansor business modules on sustainability, but criticise lectures and tutorials, preferring participatory activities; (v) universities’ rolesare seen aspromotion of sustainability awareness and adoption of environmental management, although these are not clear missions for the managers of these institutions.
Keywords: Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE); environmental literacy; environmental learning; environmental attitudes.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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An Introduction to the Nature of Wicked Problems - Ecological Challenges as Super Wicked
BITTENCOURT, E. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: In this paper the concept of “wickedness” is presented and discussed, considering the importance of
this notion, to correctly deal with problems emerging in ecological systems. The term “wicked problem” was coined by
Horst Rittel,
who with colleagues perceived the failure of linear
approaches to treat
design and planning.
Failing to recognize a problem as “wicked”, results
in the utilization of
inappropriate tools to solve challenges in climate
change, leading to the use of inadequate
methodology and management procedures, fit only to
treat “tame problems”. Ecology is considered as
a “super-wicked” problem, due to its innumerous uncertainties, interdependencies, and social
fragmentation of the stakeholders involved. Ecological systems consist of an integrated and coherent
association of dissipative structures, where the whole is not given by the sum o its parts, as known
from complexity theory. Ecology consists of a network of open, nonlinear systems, hierarchically
structured, highly integrated, adaptative whole of
the living and non-living, entangled with social,
cultural, and economic phenomena. How we perceive and manage this complex network will strongly
influence the future of our planet, and hopefully,
correctly orient the study of ecological issues as
well
as contribute to the effort to implement cleaner production practices. We strongly emphasize that this
class of problems –wicked- should be made more fami
liar to students.
Keywords: Wicked, super-wicked, ecology, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Analysis of Bordering Counties in Sao Paulo State and Oil Exploration from the Perspective of Integral Sustainability
COSTA, H. K. M.; BARBOSA, L. G. N.; SIMÔES, A. F. A.; SANTOS, E. M. (USP)
|
Abstract: After the discoveries of the region known as "pre-salt" in 2007, the Brazilian government haschanged some of the Brazilian laws with the aim of capturing the maximum of the rents arising from the exploration and production of hydrocarbons in this area. The topic discussed here is crucial for the country because the wealth coming from national oil reserves are finite. The oil and natural gas wealth can make a big difference in countries which use those natural resources wisely, for example, Norway has been seen as a good example of how an efficient and clear oil and natural wealth management can become sustainable over time. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the institutional profile of the bordering counties in Sao Paulo state, one of the areas that possibly receive greater amount of income within Brazil in the coming years. The methodology is based on case study by qualitative analysis of development with a focus on socioeconomic profile and potential of the region studied. As a result, the article points out that each beneficiary city should look its own public needs, calling its inhabitants to conduct educational and health programs that are important to that county in order to make the wealth derived from oil sustainable.
Keywords: Pre-salt´s rules, oil and natural gas government takes, bordering counties in Sao Paulo State
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of Circular Economy in the Administrative-Managerial Programs of Sustainability in the Public Sector
SILVA, R. G. (UFPE); MELLO, D. P.(UFPE/UFRPE); MELO, M. B. C.; ALVES, L. S. (UFPE); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFPE/UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Faced with socio-environmental demands, economic growth marked by the socio-metabolic reproduction of capital is becoming increasingly exclusive and predatory. The existing structure of production of goods and services no answers to the new reconfiguration experienced by the current market. The 21st century sees a repositioning of the production chain in the sense of mitigating the negative impacts on the environment. From the study of management models proposed by the public service, it´s possible the implementing or encouraging the structuring for an economic model based on sustainability, since there are government programs that are aligned with the establishment of operational parameters linked to socio-environmental public policies. In this context, the identification of mechanisms that are targeted to the principles of circular economy is relevant to understand of development focused on the parsimonious use of natural resources and in the establishment of modus operandis that encourage the internalization of such precepts by the economy. The purpose of this paper assumes the importance of the aforementioned sector as an example of organization aimed at implementing environmental efficiency, with the possibility of spreading these initiatives in other productive sectors among public and private enterprises. In fact, the reality is still well behind a process of internalization and radical change in the internal management of the public sector regarding the rational use of natural resources and the full implementation of circular economy. Socio-environmental planning, be it voluntary or imposed (Agenda 21, Public Administration Environmental Agenda, Sustainable Logistics Program and Eco Committee of Pernambuco), arises as a regulatory and supervisory instrument of good practices, to assist the process of public governance, to achieve success in the process of changing the inertia toward conscientious action, through socio-environmental responsibility. In this context, it is possible to observe that there are feasible public initiatives that endorse, in many aspects, the ramifications of circular economy. Such initiatives denote the potential for replicability in other organizations under similar conditions.
Keywords: Courts; Environmental efficiency; Public administration
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Computer Section of the Group Libra
MUNIZ, A. G. L.; NOGUEIRA, M.; AMARAL, F. V. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: With technological advances under way, the issue of
pollutant emissions and reduced operating costs are
important topics to be highlighted in any organization, highlighting the need to accept a different attitude that we
use the resources we have available today. From a holistic view, This fact occurs due to financial, business,
government, strategic reasons or simply for environmental awareness. With the increase in mass of this
problem,
computers are part of a select group of pollutants,
rated one of the major consumers of electricity, both in its
production, and in your life, use and disposal on their behalf directly or indirectly, the increased emission of
greenhouse gases that impact the environmental cond
ition. This article is part of an abstraction on energy applied
to Green IT, which is the sum of the energy management of the economy, with regard to resources. The main
objective of this project is to present a proposal
to implement a policy of standardization of equipment(laptop /
desktop) added to a conscious use, in order to reduce energy consumption, which sees a reduction in electricity
cost(TEPHEN, 2009).
Keywords: Green IT, Efficiency Environmental, Assessment IT,
Energy Consumption Estimation.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Analysis of Externalities in Production Services under Cleaner Production Model Perspective
SILVA, L. F. da (PUC-SP/UNINOVE); GUEVARA, A. J. de H. (PUC-SP); OLIVEIRA, P. S. G. de (UNIB); CONTI, D. de M. (PUC-SP)
|
Abstract: This article aims to describe as the application of the methodology of Cleaner Production (CP) interferes with externalities arising out of a process of production services. Therefore, we attempted to as instruments the exploratory research with qualitative approach, ie, based on bibliographic and documentary research built the categories of analysis and subsequent construction of a model for the assessment of production services. In this case it was used to study the provision of receiving invoices services by a bank. Thus, when dealing with this process from the perspective of PML verified the existence of regressive and progressive positive externalities to adopt an electronic system of invoice payments.
Keywords: Externalities; Clear Production; PmL; service; Production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of Metal Chip Recycling Methods Contaminated Considering Approaches to Eco-Efficiency and Eco-Effectiveness
MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS/PPG); SIMON, L.; VARGAS, M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The Brazilian law requires that the proper disposal of industrial solid waste is mandatory of the generator. However, due to ignorance or lack of professionals in the environmental area on business, this issue becomes one of the main difficulties encountered in order that the manufacturing process generates, in most cases, waste and environmental impacts, which do not receive the due attention. In other hand, this waste can be utilized as an alternative source to increase eco-efficiency and as a larger object to eco-effectiveness, reducing the impacts, increasing the economic and environmental efficiency and contributing to sustainability. The metal-mechanical sector also faces the problem of environmental management, need urgently adapt to the production process, innovative technologies to act in order to achieve sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ecoefficiency and eco-effectiveness of the methods used in the cleaning of metallic chips contaminated with cutting fluid metallurgical enterprises. So, a study on the reuse of aluminum chips was done by analyzing the cleaning methods used, the method efficiency, the allocation if cannot be reused and evaluated within the aforementioned characteristics, which is the most eco-efficient and/or eco-effective. This review was performed by criteria identified in the literature, to which you can evaluate methods as eco-efficient and eco-effective. In practice found only eco-efficient methods, and among them, some with eco-effective practices. The results show that the culture of repair, reuse, recycle and intended instead to promote actions such as the remodeling of a production system in a closed cycle where no waste generation is now even more practical and realistic. Nonetheless, it is clear that eco-efficient and eco-effective principles improve the environmental performance of companies, reducing expenses related costs for inputs, raw materials and disposal of waste, and contribute to achieve higher levels of sustainability.
Keywords: Eco-efficiency; Eco-efectiveness; Metalurgy; Metallic Chips
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of National Policy on Climate Change in Confrontation with the State Policy on Climate Change in the State of São Paulo
L. C. Ribas (UNESP), A. L. Brauer (FSP), I. F. Barbosa (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: In this article were analyzed the new National Policy on Climate Change, Law No. 12.187/09,
compared with the State Policy on Climate Change of the State of São Paulo State Law No.
13.798/09. To develop the study, the authors correlated the new National Policy on Climate
Change, its challenges, new regulatory frameworks, difficulties in defining targets for economic
sectors, the estimation of greenhouse gases reduction, such as commitment signed by the
government in relation to the current State Policy on Climate Change of the State of São Paulo.
They conclude that the São Paulo State is one step ahead of the National Policy on Climate
Change, with respect to state law be earlier than federal law, and the provision by the end of the
second half of 2010 Pioneer Inventory greenhouse effect. The new milestone in the National
Policy on Climate Change constitutes a serious commitment of Brazil, which marked a change of
attitude in the country face the discussions on climate, and highlighted the historical role of
industrialized countries front the concentration of greenhouse effect, and their responsibilities in
securing financial assistance to developing countries in carrying out mitigating actions in order to
ensure a balanced environment of diffuse right for the good of all and future generations, and
only with concessions for all countries to reach a new climate agreement.
Keywords: National Policy, Climate Change.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of phenolic compounds, methylxanthins and antioxidant activity of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) residue: a new potential source of antioxidants
M. A. Vieira; M. Maraschin; C. M. Pagliosa; R. Podestá; R. D. de M. C. Ambonie (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) is a plant found in Brazil, Paraguay and
Argentina, countries with the only producer worldwide occurrence, which holds significant
social and economic importance. Due to the beneficial effects of erva-mate, its consumption
is not confined only to producing countries. Among these tasks is their antioxidant
properties, which can contribute to protection against oxidative processes in the human
body, among these tasks is their, such as phenolic compounds and tannins the chemical
compounds responsible for this effect and stimulant properties attributed to its contents of
methylxanthins, such as caffeine. The aims of this research were to evaluate the phenolic,
methylxanthinic and tannin composition of erva-mate residue (mate powder), to compare
the quali/quantitative phenolic composition of extracts obtained from distinct solvent
systems and the antioxidant potential of those extracts. Among the extracts prepared with
different solvents, the 80% methanol extract showed the highest total polyphenol content
(11.51 g/100g) followed by methanol acid, ethanol acid, 80% ethanol, distilled water and
water acid. To compare the results of the TPC and antioxidant activity of the extracts is
possible to observe that the higher phenolic content of the extracts resulted in increased
antioxidant capacity in DPPH• e ABTS•+ methods. HPLC analysis showed 4,5 dicaffeoylquinic
acid as the highest component of the phenolic fraction of mate powder followed by clorogenic
acid. The caffeine, teobromina and tannin contents in mate powder were 1.01, 0.10 and 0.29
g/100g respectively. According to the results, this residue can be used as an ingredient in
the formulation of functional foods adding value to the waste generated during processing of
the erva-mate. Consumption of mate powder would significantly contribute to the antioxidant
and stimulants intake, providing high amounts of phenolic acids, tannin and methylxanthins
with potentially beneficial biological effects for human health.
Keywords: Ilex paraguariensis, residues, mate powder, phenolic acid, antioxidant capacity,
methylxanthins, tannin
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of the Application of AQUA Certification in Civil Construction in Brazil
M. L. Oliveira, C. B. da Silveira, O. L. G. Quelhas, V. J. Lameira (UFF)
|
Abstract: The accelerated development of constructions of buildings in large cities brings degrading
impacts on the environment and people's lives. One can consider another point of
observation concerns not only the volume of inputs used, but the strong consumption of
resources like water, electricity, discomfort in the vicinity of the project, ventilation. Society
as agent of change has required the use of these resources better entrepreneurs associated
with the economy, reduction and even total replacement forcing streamlined and sustainable
innovation. In order to improve the quality of the built environment and minimize its
negative impact on the natural environment, various methods for measuring sustainability is
being developed by different countries and regions. The study aims to analyze the
methodology High Environmental Quality (HEQ) of international review and adapted to Brazil
by Vanzolini, its criteria, definition of parameters for the management and monitoring,
structure and applicability. It is discussing its convergence with the dimensions of
sustainability: social, cultural, environmental and economic criteria and the certification and
maintenance of the title. As a result it was possible to verify which requirements are suitable
for the methodology of sustainability certification, policies and proposed criteria,
management and future studies.
Keywords: Civil Engineering, Sustainable Construction, Green Buildings, Certification HEQ.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of the Efficiency between Different Adhesives for the Manufacture of Laminated Bamboo Panels
KRAVCHENKO, G. A. (PUC-GO); FERREIRA, E. M. (PUC-GO/UFG); PASQUALETTO, A. (IFGOIAS)
|
Abstract: In each product production process, the incorporation of techniques and methods to reduce waste and
environmental issues are generally facilitating the
maintenance of a natural more balanced. The clean
production is a good alternative for this to occur.
Considering the whole production cycle and
incorporating environmentally sustainable techniques, the life cycle of industrialized something is
optimized, which prevents techniques pipe end. The
bamboo plant easy to grow and good workability,
has been applied in various purposes such as the production of flooring, furniture, fixtures and even
decorative structures in civil construction and cement. This plant to be inserted in the manufacture of
laminated bamboo plates avoids, for example, species of wood endangered may be used. When used,
this plant is from crops specifically grown for various purposes which may have bamboo and features.
Something has researched in countries like Brazil,
specifically in Goiás. This work has as main goal to
evaluate the efficiency of different adhesives used
for making laminated bamboo panels. In forming
laminated boards, the process can be summarized in
the defoliation of the plant and general cleaning
for the removal of unwanted parts, cutting planer four sides for finishing cutting, gluing of parts and
finally finishing determine where this material may
be applied. This technical-scientific research
laboratory tests were performed, where properties of twelve laminated bamboo beams can be
compared. The plant was chosen type Dendrocalamus giganteus. This genus is one of the best to
perform carpentry work. For each type of adhesive applied to the plates of laminated bamboo, bending
tests (reduced size), hardness, density, screw with
drawal, shear stress and shear stress at the glue
line, a tool constituted conclusive on the workability of the different Products promoters junction
between the parts that form the plywood. In some types of adherent reviews have not responded well
to tests, bringing the disruption of certain body-of-evidence, but one can prove the efficiency of
adhesives used in the manufacture of laminated bamboo. The technology of bamboo utilization for the
formation of products useful in our daily lives is
something shown by research centers of renowned
educational institutions, and this work is the result of a detailed study on the plates made with
bamboo. In environments with significant levels of
humidity and temperatures can shorten the use of
furniture, laminate made with Dendrocalamus giganteus has higher efficiency over other matters
falling in the furniture industry.
Keywords: Bamboo laminate, sustainable technologies, clean production, furniture industry, environmentally sustainable
materials
|
Analysis of the Emergy Indicators for the Installation of a Landfill in the Southern Region of Minas Gerais
FRIMAIO, C. A. (UFABC); FRIMAIO, G.; CECÍLIA, M. V. B. (UNIP); FRIMAIO, A.; SILVA C. C. (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: More than 50% of brazilian cities plae their urban
solid wastes (USW) in places with no previous treatment and
adequate control, according to data from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (PNSB/IBGE, 2002),
although Law 12.305 (PNRS, 2010) forbids the existence of dumps and encourages more environment-friendly
treatment techniques.In this sense, a study was made simulating a landfill implantation that contemplates some cities in south Minas Gerais, which residuals are placed in open dumps, based on studies of the emergy
synthesis
from São João Landfill in São Paulo. The calculations were made regarding the population average of each city in a
period of 12 years. For the annual solid waste generation rate per habitant it was used data from Panorama de
Resíduos Sólidos do Brasil (ABRELPE, 2011), that corresponds to 341,275 kgRSD.year/hab of waste. This paper
concludes that approximately 5.45E+06
m3
of biogas and 2,72E+06
m3
of CH4
(Methane gas) would be
produced.The indicators in emergy point that the landfill system simulated for south Minas Gerais area
is not
sustainable because it would use 73,98% of the resources coming from the economy. Although it worths highlight
that without the implantation of a landfill in this
area and the use of inputs from the economy the impacts to the
environment would be much more overwhelming.
Keywords: Emergy; landfill; sustainability; environment; Landfill waste.
|
Analysis of MSW to Energy Conversion Process for Sustainable Community
GABBAR, H. A.; ABOUGHALY, M. (University of Ontario - Canada)
|
Abstract: Municipal solid waste witnessed an exponential increase globally due to plastic, paper and organic material high production without considering appropriate recycling strategies. Pyrolysis and gasification is considered the most promising chemical recycling techniques, which can help prevent incineration and landfilling. Both processes have low environmental impacts, high product value, ability of electricity generation illustrated in this work. The paper discusses the major process units in industrial chemical recycling plants, life cycle assessment (LCA) in terms of GHG emissions, process stages and system design and justifies gasification and pyrolysis over other thermal treatment methods. Pyrolysis and gasification produce hydrocarbon gaseous and liquid products which can be utilized for energy production or chemicals synthesis while only incineration produce thermal energy. Both processes also produce the highest electrical production per ton in comparison with incineration with higher carbon dioxide emissions than incineration but lower dioxins, NOx, HCl, CO emissions.
Keywords: Sustainable engineering, clean energy, global warming, pyrolysis, gasification, incineration
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Analysis of Post-Retail Cardboard Chain from the Perspective of Green Supply Chain Management
DIAS, K. T. S.; FERRARI, D. B.; BRAGA JR., S. S.; SATOLO, E. G.; PUTTI, F. F. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: To remain competitive, organizations establish integrations with their partners, customers and suppliers through a supply chain. This integration occurs through the sharing of resources and information, in a cohesive and high performance business model, in order to meet the needs of consumers. One of the competitive strategies adopted in the supply chain management (SCM) context is the green supply chain management (GSCM) approach. This approach, like SCM, helps organizations and their partners achieve corporate profit and market share goals, but incorporates environmental aspects related to operational activities that occur along the chain, since environmental concerns have been a frequent theme in the business world. One of the practices supported by GSCM is reverse logistics, which allows the return of products and packaging to the production cycle, thus promoting the mitigation of possible environmental impacts, if these products / packaging were incorrectly discarded. Regarding the packaging, the return activities correspond to the reverse logistics of post-consumption, and refer to those products that have reached the end of their useful life. However, when it comes to cardboard packs, these are commonly reused, since they have favorable characteristics for such accomplishment, such as: high strength, easy handling and low cost. Thus, it is considered that the shelf life of the cardboard is not limited to the final consumer and therefore the chain to which this product belongs is not restricted to this agent either, as SCM scope analyzes are generally conducted. In this sense, starting from the retail perspective, as the corporate agent closest to the consumer, this study aims to analyze the structure of the cardboard chain, given from the discarding of retail, from the perspective of the GSCM. Therefore, the methodology adopted is a qualitative approach, of a descriptive and exploratory nature. The data were collected through bibliographic research and the conduction of semi-structured interviews with the organizations belonging to the cardboard chain. The information obtained allowed the elaboration of a mapping, in which it was possible to identify that, after being discarded by the retail sector, the cardboard is directed to three different paths, being two chains of consumption and one of discarding. In addition, after this identification, we conducted analyzes of each destination of the cardboard by the environmental perspective given by the approach of the GSCM. As a result of this analysis, it was identified that the most appropriate way that cardboard can take after its disposal is to follow a recycling chain, which will allow the reduction of environmental impacts regarding the extraction of natural raw materials, as well as the economy of resources such as water and energy.
Keywords: Cardboard. Retail. GSCM. Disposal of packaging
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of the Application of the LEED Methodology in a Building in the City of São Luís-MA
FERREIRA, L. A.; NETO, A. F. V.; DEMETRIO, J. C. C.; DEMETRIO F. J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: Daily debates are held regarding the environment, resource rationalization and green building, and Brazil follows the worldwide trend of technological development in search of products that follow the sustainable line. Faced with this problem, which is not limited to this country, Green Buildings represent a significant contribution to reducing the consumption of natural resources, both in the construction and operation of buildings (maintenance). Within this framework, environmental certification is an important instrument that has great potential to implement better sustainability practices in the sector. This paper focuses on the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) methodology, which is a certification for sustainable constructions, conceived and awarded by the US Green Building Council (USGBC), according to rationalization criteria of resources (energy, water, etc.) served by a building. It will be presented the LEED certification, an application of the same in a work in the city of São Luís, its advantages and a comparison of costs in the implementation of the criteria of the LEED methodology.
Keywords: Environmental Certification, Sustainable construction, LEED Methodology
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of the Life Cycle of the Bioethanol Production of the Sugar Cane. Case Study: Ingenio Risaralda S.A.
GONZÁLEZ, L.F. (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira/Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Colombia); MONTOYA, J. A. (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira/ - Colombia); MARÍN, G.A. (Ingenio Risaralda S.A. - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The cultivation of sugarcane Sacharum officinaru, was introduced to Colombia in the fifteenth century, and due to the country’s climate it has the advantage that it can be grown throughout the year. The Sugar Bioindustrial Cluster is located in the geographical valley of the Cauca River (Colombia). This productive sector was industrialized with its core business the specialization in the process of sugar production and then expanding its industrial activity to the production of biofuels (ethanol fuel) and to the generation of electricity. The main objectives for the sustainability of the sector are to seek the reduction of fossil fuel use in the world and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This work presents the results of the analysis of potential environmental impacts of the bioethanol produced at Ingenio Risaralda SA, based on Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. To obtain the results, the LCA stages were examined following ISO 14040 standard. Among these stages, the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) phase was the most demanding, because it is the field data collection phase and its subsequent structuring for the LCA. With the inventory completed, the LCI information was introduced in SimaPro software, version 8.2.3. For the environmental impact analysis, the project focused on the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method, which evaluates 18 impact categories. The system studied includes the bioethanol supply chain at the Ingenio Risaralda S.A. at the field, harvest, factory, distillery and electricity cogeneration phases. It was found that the field phase is responsible for 4 of the 18 impact categories; that harvest phase contributes to 5 of the 18; the factory phase is responsible for 7 of the 18; the distillery phase contributes to 2 of the 18, and the cogeneration phase implies a positive environmental impact in the climate change category, since it uses the energy in the form of heat produced by the bagasse to generate steam and then through the use of turbogenerators to electric energy. For 2015, the calculated emissions from the bioethanol production of sugar cane at Ingenio Risaralda S.A.,were of 138 kg CO2 eq / m3. This result is very good when compared to the data obtained by the climate change studies of the Sugar Cane Research Center (CENIСAÑA) which for 2010 was 909 kg CO2 eq / m3 and for 2015 was 476 kg CO2 eq / m3. The Ingenio Risaralda S.A. study showed an environmentally clean behavior, due to the non-use of coal in its heaters and boilers, besides it was assumed that the cogenerated energy sold to external customers was environmentally beneficial.
Keywords: Sugarcane, bioethanol, Life cycle analysis, SimaPro software, potential environmental impacts.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Analysis of the Residual Generation in a Gemstone Processing Industry: A Case Study with Reuse Proposition
SINDELAR, F. C. W.; BARDEN, J. E.; STULP, S. (UNIVATES)
|
Abstract: The gemstone productive chain and jewelry is an important income source and job generator in Brazil, since the
country stands out worldwide for the extraction and
processing of these materials. However, this activity
generates a high volume of waste. In this way, this
work aims at analyzing the generation of waste in
a gemstone processing industry and at proposing alternatives for its treatment and reuse in other applications, like, for
example, in the composition of ceramic clay. This is a quantitative approach research of descriptive and
exploratory character, and there were used bibliographies and case study. As a result, it was observed
that at the
end of beneficiation process just 65% of the parts
come into conformity, while 35% of them have some kind of
defect. Furthermore, in terms of volume, it appears
that only 15% of the gems become final finished product, and
the remainder being transformed into various types
of solid and liquid residues, infected by cutting o
il that need to
be treated properly so that they can have an environmentally correct destination and guarantee the sustainability of the activity.
Keywords: Beneficiation process, gems and jewelry, residues.
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Analysis of the Technological Impact for Industry and its Effects on the Production and Destination of its Waste: A Case Study of the Industry of Surfboards
BARCELOS, R. L. (Faculdades SENAC); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL); LERIPIO, A. A. (UNIVALI)
|
Abstract: The concept of Cleaner Production advocates the continuous application of preventive and integrated environmental strategies to processes, products and services, incorporating the most efficient use of natural resources and minimizing the generation of waste and pollution, as well as the risks To human health. But not always technological innovations in production bring with it an improvement for Cleaner Production. The surfboard industry has been dismissive of P & L. Works pointed to a concentration of the residues of the productive process in the manufacturers due to the verticalization of the production stages. But from the incorporation of the technology of machining of the blocks of polyurethane through Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) there was a horizontalizacion of the process. The introduction of the technology provoked the emergence of companies that started to incorporate the productive sector. From this structural change of the industry came the questioning of which actors produce waste and how they manage it. The objective of this work was to map the current process, identifying the residues in the actors inserted in the productive chain detailing how these wastes are managed. A case study was carried out where the object analysis was carried out through the application of a field study where a mapping addressed the qualitative and quantitative issues of the production of surfboards. The data collection was done through a visit to the pre-selected targets through the application of Cleaner Production forms. Throughout the research it was evident that the links of the production chain can be executed by different actors participating in the industry, with a decoupling of the links from the manufacturers, mainly related to the volume of production. That is, the largest concentration of outsourcing of steps occurs in the smaller manufacturers with a shift in the volume of materials and waste for large distributors, large manufacturers and rolling mills. It was clear that the introduction of CNC technology was responsible for the decentralization of waste, previously focused only on manufacturers, but that technological innovation had no impact on waste reduction or reuse, or even better disposal management.
Keywords: Cleaner Production. Technological Impact. Waste Management. Surfboard industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis of Water Consumption in Toilets with Shewhart Control Charts
GOLIN, L.; HENNING, E.; KALBUSCH, A. (UDESC - Brazil); KONRATH, A.C.; WALTER, O.M.F.G. (UFSC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The article aims to show if it is possible for Shewhart Control Charts to have competent data monitoring capabilities when observing a switch in toilet flush equipment from single flush to dual flush in a public University building located in Joinville, southern Brazil. Sensors collected data such as volume of water and time length of the flush. Such data was then trimmed and compiled into days and finally plotted into a Shewhart Control Chart. The switch in flush equipment indicated a reasonable reduction in water consumption for both male and female bathrooms presenting an average total reduction of 33.15% in water consumed during a day and a reduction in the average time length of flush of 23.95%. With periodic monitoring Shewhart Control Charts proved to be useful for observing large shifts of data, water consumption reduction and events such as leakages and droughts that occurred during the data gathering period.
Keywords: Water consumption, monitoring, Shewhart Control Charts.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Analysis of Yield of Aroeira Vermelha Fruit Extract via Solvent Extraction - Factorial Planning 2^03
SILVA, C.; DIAS, A. B.; MICHALCZUK, J. R.; SAKAI, O. A.; SILVA, L. K.; ROCHA, S. A. (IFPR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The main extraction processes function is the separation of components present in different materials. The isolation of different compounds, purpose of extraction, plays a prominent role in several industrial areas, including essential oils and essences in general. Therefore, the extraction process can be used to obtain substrates, which in this work will be aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius) the raw material used demands of special interest of the industrial sector in the medicines and foods areas. Researchs are necessary for operational improvements in this area, due to the high added value of essential oils and essences as final product, extracted from this material, linked to the inputs minimization used on sustainability. Still, there is scope for using new solvents, with the aim of guaranteeing the sustainability of the process. In this sense, the present work has the objective evaluating the solid-liquid extraction process to obtain oils and essences from fruits of aroeira vermelha, using less aggressive solvents, seeking the procedure optimization. After obtaining the necessary raw material, the extraction procedure was carried out using the technique of extraction by solvents, hexane and ethanol, with humidity and maceration like process conditions. The results obtained were analyzed by the use of factorial design 23, with the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the relevant variables statistically to obtaining better results. Better process conditions were verified using the solvent ethanil, with the raw material macerated, being the humidity condition irrelevant in this experimental procedure. Linked to the objectives of improvements and sustainable development and cleaner production, these results are satisfactory, considering the use of reusable solvents and optimization in the extraction processes due to the use of experimental planning.
Keywords: Red Aroeira, Extraction, oils and essences, factorial planning.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analysis on Cleaner Production policy and its results in China
Duan Ning, Bai Yan-ying, Yu Xiu-ling, Yin Jie, Song Dan-na (China National Cleaner Production Center)
|
Abstract: Divided into three stages, this paper elaborated the practice courses of Cleaner Production in
China in last two decades, analyzing the characteristic of Chinese Cleaner Production policy in
the different historical periods. It also analyzed the results of Cleaner Production policy in
China according to the investigation and study data of Cleaner Production audit of national
key enterprises from 2004 to 2007. The result indicated that the advancement pattern of the
voluntary Cleaner Production audit and compulsory Cleaner Production audit effectively
promoted the advancement of Cleaner Production in Chinese industry. The consciousness on
Cleaner Production of the government, the enterprise and the public have had essential
enhancement. The quantity of enterprises which implement Cleaner Production audit has
been increasing. The Cleaner Production technical advisory services system was preliminary
established. It is obvious to see the energy saving and emission reduction realized by Cleaner
Production.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, policy, results, analysis
[Abstract] [Organizational Report]
|
Analysis on the Status for Cleaner Production in China
CHANGBO,Z.; ZI, L.; JINGJUN, L.; XIAOAO,WANG.; YANYING, B.; GANG, F. (CRAES, China)
|
Abstract: Cleaner production (CP), especially in the field of industry, is a key factor in achieving sustainable development in China. Chinese government made great efforts on implementing the strategy of sustainable development. Cleaner production has made remarkable achievements, and gained recognition world widely. Cleaner productionhas become a core policy of pollution prevention in China, while its meaning and connotation are continuously developing. After being implemented for more than 20 years in China, great progresses have been made in CP policies, capacity building and technical support system. In this study, unique set of practices of CP in China, including were analyzed, to summarize the main experience of CP implementing for other developing countries.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Pollution prevention,Cleaner production policy
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Analytical Ability and Participation for Sustainable Environmental Projects
SOUZA, R. C. F. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: The article discusses the changing in research on the space of cities considering some new paradigms introduced by the Information Technology (IT) seeking for a cleaner, sustainable and smarter production. It also discusses the current conditions of the use of IT, confronting new opportunities for analysis and interactivity applied inenvironmental management. Finally, it tries to deduct an evolution of strategies aiming the sustainabilityoriented production, with the spreading of those resources through transdisciplinarity
Keywords: Architecture, urban design, environmental management, sustainability and Information Technology
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Analyzing Important Corporate Social Responsibility Activities with help of Analytical Hierarchy Process
GOVINDAN, K. (University of South Denmark-Denmark); MATHIYAZHAGAN, K. (National Institute of Technology-India)
|
Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept
which industries use to improve their societal well
-being through
discretionary business practices and corporate resource contributions. It is a high profile notion perceived as
deliberate by the production world in addition to being a well-known concept in academia and with its
practionners. CSR now gets increasing attention in
global sourcing and supply chains. Indian SMEs have
started
adopting CSR activities recently to ensure their social responsibilities. But, Indian SMEs struggle to
identify major
CSR acts to improve their social standing. Because
of this, this study’s objective was fixed as identification of
important CSR activities and categories for improving its performance aided by the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). This study was undertaken in 47 SMEs in Tamilnadu, South India. The results reveal employee satisfaction
to be the most important CSR category followed by social activity rewards, society view and combined social
activities to improve CSR performance.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility; analytical hierarchy process.
|
Analyzing the CDM Impact in the Brazilian Chemical Sector
FREITAS, C. V. M. (Centro Paula Souza/Clavi Soluções Sustentáveis); SILVA, M. L. P. S. (Centro Paula Souza/USP)
|
Abstract: This work aimed to obtain a better understanding of the impact of the use of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Brazilian chemical industry. The CDM was a very important mechanism in the last two or three decades for the reduction of some greenhouse gases (GHG) with high environmental impact and global warming potential, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), with a potential of 310. In addition, the chemical sector has acted boldly to meet ambitious targets as set out in the UN Climate Convention. However, with the new standards and / or mechanisms created under the Paris Agreement, the options for maintaining such a reduction are rare, making it crucial to understand the importance of the CDM for the sector. The methodology used was documentary evaluation of the main CDM projects developed in the country and, in a second step, attention to the processes involving the removal of N2O. It was possible to observe three distinct moments in the process, the promising beginning that, in addition to causing a significant reduction in GHG emissions, corresponds to the good valuation of carbon credits, but with the new governmental positions and also increasingly restrictive rules, such credits devalued. With the implementation of the reduction targets, the Kyoto Protocol and its CDM can once again be a negotiation tool for the carbon market aligned with the new mechanisms now proposed that, if they use previous learning, can favor the country in meeting its own goals reduction.
Keywords: CDM, Chemical Sector, N2O
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Applicability of Lean and Sustainable Production in Sanitizers and Cosmetic Industries in the State of Goiás
ALMEIDA, S. (PUC-GO); SOUZA, F. F.; PASQUALETTO, A.; TEIXEIRA, D. (IFG)
|
Abstract: The objective of this study was to address the environmental practices in the companies of cleaning products (sanitizers) and products of personal hygiene, perfumery and cosmetics (HPPC) in the state of Goiás through concepts of lean production, green manufacture and analysis of management practices in order to reduce environmental impacts, highlighting its tools and principles, as well as the benefits and losses of the combination of both practices, and presents the concrete results, indicators and their effects, by means of explanatory analysis, exposing a hypothetical-deductive scientific method of questionnaires of national and regional sanitation companies supporting or not the theories already proven. The results demonstrate that the industries of these branches that are more familiar with good practices of lean production (PE) and environmental management (GA), obtain better operational performance.
Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, sustainability, Environmental Management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Application of Cleaner Production in a Process of Sockets Lighting Package, a Case Study
BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); MAFFESSONI, D.; TONIN, B. P. (Ftec)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production brings a differentiated approach
on waste management, since it allows to the company
to have
a better knowledge of its manufacturing process; constantly monitoring the process, the generated waste becomes
an opportunity for improvement.
The aim of this study was to reuse and to optimize
the use of packaging in a business outsourcer mounting
sockets lamps. Since the packaging used in the receipt of parts for assembly and shipment of finished
parts were
large and contains a few pieces, it could be better
used. It was carrying out a study to increase the
capacity and
reuse of the pack.
The results were satisfactory, since it has increased the capacity for packaging receiving socket housing parts from
65% to 78% and the socket cover from 48% to 86.4%.
The package mounted socket doubled its storage capacity
from 50 to 100 pieces. The environmental benefit was the cutback of consumption of 16,075 units of plastic
packaging. The economic benefits were R$ 4.191,25 per year, without investments.It was proved the efficiency of
cleaner production even in small and simple projects.
Keywords: Packing, sockets, cleaner production
|
Application of Cleaner Production tool in Plastic Recycling Process
F. P. Faria; E. B. A. V. Pacheco (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: This work shows suggestions for the accomplishment of the plastic recycling process in an
environmentally friendly way, based in the Cleaner Production tool. Besides reduction of
plastic consumption or reuse of packing, it is necessary to invest in recycling technology and
the selective garbage separation for guaranteeing the minimization of sending waste to
landfills. The recyclers, which receive as raw material the plastic waste, carry out the
recycling in stages that might guarantee the minimum quality standards for production of
new objects. As a tool of environment management, Cleaner Production can be used by
companies to reduction of consumption of energy and water, as well as minimization in
generation of waste. The stage of laundering, for example, is the one that involves greater
water consumption that needs to be saved, treated and reused. The extrusion of the plastic
material for molding in new products generates solid residues that also need to be recycled.
Although the recycling process treats of garbage generally dirty and contaminated, it shall be
carried out with an environmentally correct process.
Keywords: Recycling, plastic, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Application of electrochemical degradation of wastewater composed of mixtures of phenol - formaldehyde
A. L. T. Fornazari (USP - São Carlos-SP); G. R. P. Malpass (UFABC); D. W. Miwa; A. J. Motheo (USP - São Carlos-SP)
|
Abstract: Environmental problems caused by industrial processes are of great concern to society due to
the possible introduction of toxic waste from products generated by the industry. Thus,
researchers increasingly study new techniques to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of industrial
effluents, always respecting the laws and regulations aimed at environmental protection.
Electrochemical degradation is a promising alternative for the treatment of wastewater that
contains organic compounds.
In this work a dimensionally stable anode (DSA®) of nominal composition Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 was
used to study the degradation of solutions containing a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde.
The oxides electrodes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy
Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The galvanostatic degradation of mixtures of phenol –
formaldehyde were monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Total
Organic Carbon Analysis (TOC). The effect of current density (10, 20, 40 and 50 mA cm-2), pH
(3, 5, 7, 9 and 12) and supporting electrolytes (NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4) was investigated.
Energy consumption during electrolysis is also presented. The electro degradation of mixtures of
phenol – formaldehyde proceeds via two different mechanism: active and non-active. The non
active mechanism results in the complete combustion of organics to carbon dioxide. The active
mechanism results in a selective oxidation, via degradation products.
The results demonstrate that the electrochemical removal of organics is pH- dependent. In the
most an effective current density (40 mA cm-2) 60% of TOC is removed.
Keywords: Dimensionally stable anodes, phenol, formaldehyde
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Application of Electrochemical Oxidation in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Evaluation of Toxicity in Allium cepa
KLAUCK, C. R. (Feevale University); BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); SILVA, L. B.; RODRIGUES, M. A. S. (Feevale University)
|
Abstract: The disposal of waste in landfills is a practice in
creasingly common in big cities, and it generates large volumes of
leachate as a product of waste decomposition and rainwater percolation. This liquid is highly toxic and must be
treated before its release in the environment. Due
the problems presented by conventional systems, there is a
growing need for procedures that offer higher treatment efficiency or can be integrated by conventional processes.
In this regard, clean technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are considered an excellent
alternative for the removal of color and organic matter, as well as to increase the biodegradability of leachate. The
aim of this study was both to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced oxidation process of electrochemical
oxidation in leachate treatment and to assess the toxicity of the sample before and after treatment. The
experiments were performed with 150L sample of leachate and used an electrochemical reactor consisting
of
electrodes DSA® (Ti/70Ti/30 RuO2 De Nora ®), which were arranged parallel in batch regime. A current density
of 10,04 mA.cm-2
was applied for a period of 40h and 60h. The results indicate excellent removals of COD, BOD5,
ammonia and phosphorus within the first 40 hours of
treatment. However, the evaluation showed the toxicity
remained unaltered, which points to the importance
of this type of study as a complement to traditional analyzes.
The advanced oxidation processes are considered a clean technology, mainly for neither requiring the addition of
chemicals nor generating sludge treatment. Still, assessment of toxicity of the treated effluent is necessary,
considering the possible generation of toxic byproducts.
Keywords: Leachate,
Electrochemical Oxidation, Toxicity, Allium cepa.
|
Application of Goal Programming in Sustainability Studies: Soybean Transportation in Brazil
RICHARD SILVA, T. (UNIP/FATEC - Brazil); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil); MORENO GARCÍA, R.R. (Universidad de Oriente - Cuba); SEVEGNANI, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Richard Silva et al. (under review) studied the sustainability of road and rail systems in the transport of Brazilian soybeans between producer and exporter centers (1,982 km). For this, the FIVE SEctor SUstainability Model (5 SEnSU) was considered. Among ten indicators simultaneously evaluated by the 5 SEnSU model, the results indicated greater sustainability for rail transportation. However, due to the multimetric approach used, the graphical interpretation of results can become a difficult task that requires statistical tools as support. In this sense, this work applies the philosophy of goal programming in the results obtained by Richard Silva et al. (under review) to quantitatively assess the sustainability of road and rail soybean transport systems, integrating all the previously obtained indicators into a single global sustainability indicator named as WSI. Results show that rail system has a WSI of 3.47, while road system has 3.55, indicating that rail system is slightly more sustainable. Besides providing subsidies to decision makers on soybean transportation in Brazil, it is expected that this work can be considered as a reference of a multicriteria method in evaluating sustainability for other transport systems.
Keywords: Multicriteria, goal programing, soybean, sustainability, transport.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Application of Method 3R (Reuse, Remanufacture and Recycling) in a Machine Line Based on Circular Economy
VICENTE NETO, L. (IFSP/UNIMEP); HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP)
|
Abstract: Given the demands of the market and maintaining competitive conditions, many companies are looking for technologies that enable them to innovate their processes and products. The environmental impact related to the exploitation of natural resources can be considered a problem due to the linear production-consumption flow. Therefore, this work focuses on the study of real initiatives to develop environmentally friendly processes and their results in relation to the concept of circular economy in the application of the 3R method in a line of machining. With an applied methodological approach and exploratory objective, we divided the application into three phases: (1) Reuse and Redistribution; (2) Remanufacturing and (3) Recycling. The products are machined in a turning line, where cutting tools (inserts) are the most commonly used objects. It can be observed that in the linear production model, there is an increase in tool disposal. Applying the concepts of based on circular economy we have a gain in the useful life of the cutting tools without the need to modify the production parameters. It is concluded that it is possible to apply the concepts of circular economy, but there is a need for everyone involved in the production process.
Keywords: Circular Economy, Machining, 3R, Automotive Industry
[Abstract] [Paper of Portuguese] [Presentation of Portuguese]
|
Application of Strategy Planning Method to Integrated Development Sustainable Product Process (PEPDIPS)
TEIXEIRA, G. F. G.; CANCIGLIERI, O. Jr. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: With the reduction of borders promoted by globalization, the level of consumption grew dramatically, characterizing our consumer society. However, if on the one hand this growth means progress, on the other hand, this means progress without a future, since consumption can only symbolize progress if it occurs within a form of sustainable development. Faced with this scenario, society and government have been pushing the industries to adopt more sustainable practices in their processes, especially the Product Development Process (PDP). In this new perspective, the PDP with sustainable characteristics can add a long-term competitive advantage to the company. Therefore, the present study presents the application of the conceptual method for the Strategic Planning of the Integrated Process for the Development of Sustainable Products (PEPDIPS), which aims to guide the integration of sustainability in the PDP through the qualitative evaluation of the requirements and phases of the PDP, from the initial phase of designing the project for the launch and distribution of the product. The PEPDIPS is characterized as a maturation method composed of a cyclic process with two macro phases and four micro phases. With the objective of developing a support evaluation focused on the process of continuous improvement that aims to integrate sustainability into the PDP, guiding the designers the best strategic choices applied in the planning and elaboration of a new or existing product. Extending your assessment to business management, necessary to structure and substantiate such changes. The application of the PEPDIPS method is presented through the case study developed in a textile industry.
Keywords: Maturity Model, Sustainability, Strategic Planning, Product Development Process.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Application of the Blockchain Architecture in Solid Waste Management in a Small Municipality
FRANÇA, A. S. L. (USP/UNINOVE - Brazil); AMATO NETO, J. (USP - Brazil); GONÇALVES, R. F. (USP/UNIP - Brazil); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP - Brazil)
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Abstract: This research deals with the application of Blockchain digital architecture in solid waste management in a small municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The ongoing research is related to the technological transformation of a compensation system to the collection of waste in the municipality, aimed at the social inclusion of waste collectors through the use of social currency. The current system uses printed cards called Green Coins, and present vulnerabilities that should be overcome with the implementation of the new system. The new application uses social crypto-coins and security support through Blockchain in order to guarantee the necessary information integrity, enabling the management of an expressive number of collectors and contributing to the improvement of the quality of life in the municipality in relation to the typical aspects of sustainability: education, health, environment, social inclusion and local economy.
Keywords: Blockchain, cryptocurrency, solid waste management; sustainability; social inclusion.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Application of the Concept of Industrial Ecology to the Integrated Management System: Advantages and associated environmental improvements
J. Gameiro; M. L. P. Silva (Siemens)
|
Abstract: The need for making human systems part of the natural ecosystems and similar to natural
environment is clearly stated. This approach, which is the basis of Industrial Ecology, aims to
enhance industrial symbiosis that might contribute to mitigate process or material loss.
However, it is not very common to amend Industrial Ecology principles to management
systems and furthermore, to Integrated Management Systems. Therefore, the main objective
of this work was to evaluate the sustainability impact of integrating the Industrial Ecology
approach to the existing Integrated Management System at an electro electronic company in
Brazil.
The defined methodology followed the most important premises of Industrial Ecology aligned
to the Integrated Management Systems requirements in the electro electronic sector. The
case study was based on a worldwide company that presented all the segments within the
sector, that is, microelectronics, surface mounting technology, printed circuit board,
mounting and logistics. Moreover, the study considered material flow and performance
analysis in order to define potential industrial metabolism and sustainability degrees, besides
implementing an Industrial Ecology computer program that enabled better information
communication and control.
It was possible to conclude that the Industrial Ecology concept tools used in the company did
benefit its industrial sustainability because it allowed more efficient processes through the
use of metrics, involved most of the employees and operations, favored better process
standardization, enhanced the systemic approach making the decision process easier once it
was based on real time facts. It was observed that it also contributed to the adoption of
methods, systems and procedures that enabled deep strategic change and improved cultural
change, which is one of the essential aspects of sound sustainable development.
Finally, it is suggested that Industrial Ecology be used as a fruitful metaphor for facilitating
the improvement of sustainability. The tools developed in this study might be easily applied
to any enterprise, independently of its size, level or production processes.
Keywords: Sustainability, industrial ecology, industrial metabolism, balanced scorecard, key
performance indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Application of the Norm NTC-ISO 14064 at ITM Campus Robledo, for Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emission Measurement and its Carbon Footprint (CF) Determination
ARISTIZÁBAL, C. E.; GONZÁLEZ, J. L. (Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín - Colombia)
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Abstract: The present work contains the result of the Carbon Footprint (CF) measurement of the Metropolitan Technological Institute of Medellin (ITM), which is a public institution that provides teaching, research and extension services. The calculation of this sustainability indicator was made for Robledo campus, in accordance with the methodology described in ISO 14064 (Greenhouse Gases Measurement), ISO 14040-14044 (Life Cycle Analysis), and the information provided by the Institution and endorsed by the different dependencies of its consumptions of materials and energy resources, necessary for its correct operation. Additionally, the data of conversion and emission factors associated to the Colombian context or subtracted from the literature are considered, being these the most approximate to the current technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of ITM. According to implemented methodology, the ITM carbon footprint for 2.016 was 912,302 Ton CO2eq and per student was 0,0925 Ton CO2eq /Student
Keywords: Greenhouse Gases, Carbon Footprint, Life Cycle Assessment, Sustainability, University.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Applying Cleaner Production Concepts at a Casting Company
M. C. Nehme; C. Quissini; J. Slovinscki (UCS)
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Abstract: This article aims to identify a sustainability model to a Casting company located at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Such conceptual model should be obtained by considering a pro-asset approach of company’s managers focusing on maintain it competitive in the market. After applying cleaner production practices, preliminary results show the existence of a potential in reducing company’s generated wastes reduction and minimizing its inputs demand, as well as an increase on the company’s image for consumers and on its competitiveness for markets.
Keywords: Casting company, Cleaner production, Participative sustainability model
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Application of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving as a Cleaner Production Method for Solar Heating Optimization Proposals
POSSEBON, F. (UFSM); KUBOTA, F. I. (UFSC); SANTOR, C. G. (FAISA); ROSA, L. C. (UFSM)
|
Abstract: The global growing concern regarding minimizing negative environmental impacts of industrial and commercial
products, processes and services has generated an increasing need for detailed studies related to clean
technologies and renewable energy sources. In this
context, this study applied the Theory of Inventive
Problem
Solving (TRIZ) as method to identify and support to
develop cleaner production opportunities, towards
a
contribution to the development of solar heating systems more efficient and innovative. Then, we conducted a
case study on a solar heating systems manufacturing
company, using TRIZ fundamental concepts and
contradiction matrix as data collection and analysis technique. Results show the subsequent formulation of
inventive solution proposals, based on the obtained
information, to minimize harmful functions found in the
technical system investigated. We concluded that TRIZ has potential contribution in the creative process for new
solar heating systems.
Keywords: Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, Fundamental concepts, Contradiction matrix, cleaner production, solar heaters
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Application of the Principles of Cleaner Production in a Galvanizing Company
KITZBERGER, J.; PIRES NETO, V. S. (CatolicaSC); FRAZON E. M. (UFSC); DUCLÓS, L. C. (PUC-SC)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is a recurring theme and source of discussions in various fields, whether government, business and
academic institutions. The need to reduce emissions
of pollutants has become a constant concern, and in the racing companies, the focal point lies in manufactured goods and the generation of emissions to the environment
resulting from their production processes. One of the concepts that is in evidence is called Cleaner Production
(CP), which refers to a new way to see the productive operations, whose aim is to generate less environmental
impacts during the production process, ie before the "end-of-pipe". In this context, this article aims
to analyze the
results obtained through interventions in the production process in an electroplating company. The research fits as an exploratory case study and the results show substantial gains occurred surveyed using the new method, both
environmental and economic order, which represents
an important opportunity for application in other companies.
Keywords: Sustainability, Environmental Management, Cleaner
Production, Plating
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Applying of Ecological Cost Accounting in a Dye Discoloring Process
J. M. Rosa (UNINOVE/SENAI/UNICAMP), M. A. Pereira, F. H. Pereira, E. A. Baptista, F. A. Calarge, J. C. C. Santana (UNINOVE), E. B. Tambourgi (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This work sought to apply the Accounting of Complete Ecological Costs (ACEC) methodology
in a textile segment company through the reutilization of colored wastewater, after
treatment by advanced oxidation processes (POA) in reactors using hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) in a catalysis activated by ultraviolet light (UV). Facing the worries with the
sustainable development and the difficulty in measuring environmental costs through the
traditional accounting method, the proposed methodology tries to integrate costs, either
internal or external ones, into a single dimension. At reducing the environmental impacts,
the company shows a proactive position regarding the sustainability, becoming sustainable
itself. The study presented the financial and ecological economy obtained, thus showing this
process is efficient and may be used by companies in the textile sector for reutilizing water,
reducing the financial and ecological costs, as well as the negative externalities.
Keywords: Advanced oxidation process, UV/H2O2, ecologic cost accounting, dye discoloring,
sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Are Sustainability Management Systems (SMS) really promising?
J. Esquer-Peralta; L. Velazquez; N. Munguia (University of Sonora - Mexico)
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Abstract: The concepts of Sustainable Development (SD) and Management Systems (MS) are finding increasing acceptance in a variety of fields, including academy, politics, and non-governmental organizations. These concepts are also being used by the general population. This paper describes the perception of different experts by discussing about the usefulness of Sustainability Management Systems (SMS) as holistic systems that might integrate environmental, social, and economic elements. Fourteen interviews have been conducted with several experts around the world. Some of them are professionals in Sustainability issues in general, and some of them in environmental, health and safety (EHS) issues in particular. The results have shown that, although there is a continuous debate on the sustainability approach, several core elements can be addressed through Sustainability Management Systems (SMS).
Keywords: Sustainability Management System (SMS), performance-based approach, sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Artificial Stone Produced with Stone Powder and Polymerica Agglomerant
AGUIAR, M. C.; SILVA, A. G. P. (UENF); GADIOLI, M. C. B. (CETEM)
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Abstract: Artificial stone are nowadays extremely important in civil construction, constituting remarkable branches of this industry. This material is produced by 95% of natural aggregates, that is, it is considered practically natural material. The objective of this work was to study the production of artificial stone for application in interior lining, using waste from the marble industry of the Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES region. The physical and mechanical properties of the plates and composites and matrix with resin were studied, with the addition of marble waste in a specific range of 20, 80 and 180 mesh granulometry. The plates were produced by means of the vacuum vibration technique. For the parts produced the density and the water absorption were determined. The material was submitted to tests of resistance to compression and flexion. The artificial marble presented good properties, with its maximum bending tensile strength of 37.75 MPa and maximum compressive strength of 72.47 MPa. The results indicated that the marble waste has great potential for its use in the production of artificial stone and is an alternative to give a destination for this waste generated in the order of millions of tons that represents serious environmental problem.
Keywords: Artificial stone, marble, resin
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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As Simple Improvements Affect the Eco-Efficiency of Road Freight Transport
VISCARDI, T.B.; HAMMES, G.; SOUZA, E.D.; RODRIGUEZ, C.M.T. (UFSC); ROJAS, R.H ; MOJICA, J.C. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Currently the demand for the reduction of the generated environmental impact is one of the objectives of the organizations due to the external and internal pressures, that make the companies look for environmentally correct solutions for their operations. However, the difficulty is to make these green practices economically viable. Eco-efficiency aims to measure the impact caused and compare it with the value of the product and / or service. This indicator allows generating information for decision making to introduce an environmental management considered financially viable. This article was based on a model of evaluation of the ecoefficiency of the sector of transport of loads, which, was tested in a company and presented the ecoefficiency of the vehicles, as well as suggestions of improvements. In this article we tried to simulate those results in an ideal scenario to understand how to maximize ecoefficiency in this sector. It was perceived that the proposed improvements have a greater impact on the emission of carbon generated in the transport and increase the indicator of ecoeficiencia of the organization. This shows that, when simple measures are applied, companies achieve good results in an environmental and financial way. The article still presents a comparison with the current scenario and the discussions on the subject.
Keywords:Transport. Performance evaluation. Eco-efficiency.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessing the Application of Cleaner Production Techniques in a Dairy in Southern Bahia
SANTOS, F. F.; ANDRADE, R. S.; LOPES, R. C. S. Q.; ALMEIDA NETO, J. A. (UESC)
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Abstract: The dairy products are of great importance for southern Bahia, because they contribute to the development and regional economic diversification, but it is necessary to be aware of the possible environmental impacts arising from its activities. Given this, the adoption of preventive practices such as Cleaner Production (CP) can contribute the improvement of production processes and provide economic gains, environmental protection and better work environment. Thus, this study aimed to identify techniques and opportunities for cleaner production (CP) in a dairy ofthe region. For this, we carried out a literature review, technical visits and questionnaires, obtaining information about characterization, CP and Environmental Management, environmental aspects and impacts. The study indicated that the dairy has a high potential polluter, mainly due to the lack of structured environmental programs. However, it was already adopting some environmental practices, such as pluvial water reuse, treatment stations and standard techniques adoption. Furthermore, the study has given the opportunity to find Cleaner production actions that could improve production conditions and organization for long and short lines,associated withthe interest of the company in knowing others actions and methods that might contribute to minimizing its impact and propitiate economic gains. Thus, the opportunities presented themselves for CP adequate to company for its level.
Keywords: Sustainability, environmental impacts, eco-efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessment and Implementation of a Cleaner Production Opportunity Furniture Industry in a Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
C. H. R. Massote (e2 Environmental Consulting), A. M. M. Santi (UFOP)
|
Abstract: Based on the application of concepts and methodology of Cleaner Production - CP in an
industry of the furniture sector - Mod Line Soluções Corporativas Ltda -, installed in the
municipality of Contagem, Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, as a management tool
available for achieving eco-efficiency and obtain environmental benefits associated with
economic gains, promoted himself in two productive sectors of the company an audit of
generation of waste and effluent, using tools for evaluating material flows and water, to
support the identification, assessment and deployment of nine preventive opportunities for
CP, which resulted in minimizing waste and industrial effluents generation, and consequently,
decreasing the inflow of raw materials, inputs and water. The deployment of nine
opportunities for CP provided for undertaking an annual savings of about U.S. $ 103,000.00,
obtained by minimizing of the generation of solid waste and wastewater emissions, in
amounts equivalent to 374,000.00 kg and 200,000.00 L, respectively,
added to reduce the annual consumption of 381,000.00 kg of raw materials and 200,000.00
L of water, ie, the minimization of process losses. This article will be a description and
assessment of only one of the opportunities for CP, of which nine were implanted,
through the adoption of technological innovations in the production process involved,
resulted in considerable environmental and economic benefits.
Keywords: Cleaner Production (CP). Optimization production processes. Environmental
management. Industry furniture. Brazil (Minas Gerais).
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessment and Management of the Carbon Footprint in the Research Center Santa Lucia (UNIPAZ) (Barrancabermeja, Santander)
ÁVILA, O.A.; PINILLA, L.; RAMIREZ, J. (UNIPAZ - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The investigation was made in the Center of Investigation of Santa Lucía (CISL) in the University Institute of Peace (UNIPAZ), in order to create the baseline of its main sources of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions (Methane, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen, etc.) generated directly (by use of fossil fuels and generation of animal faeces) and indirectly (by consumption of electrical energy) and to establish the level of atmospheric affectation, by means of the estimation of the carbon footprint (CF) under the Life cycle Analysis "LCA " method , according to the norm NTC-ISO 14040/14044 of 2006 (Software SIMAPRO 7.1®, IMPACT 2002 evaluation method) and NTC-ISO 14067 of 2013 (IPCC GWP method). The scope of the environmental assessment contemplated the energy consumption required during a month of academic activities (by 1.941 individuals) in the different areas: administrative (offices), library (library, auditoriums, systems rooms, cafeterias), external area (agricultural sector), public lighting, nursing), building of classrooms, power plants, combustion of ACPM in transport and generation of faeces (porcine, bovine, equine and poultry). The baseline was made from the collection of information through surveys, field visits and validation with bibliographic references, where the quantification of the global energy consumption associated with the use of electrical and electronic equipment was determined (2.75491,53 MJ/month), as well as the use of ACPM fuel for the personnel mobilization (5.282,39 gal/month) and finally the generation of feces (64,80 kg / day) for all the evaluated species. According to the environmental analysis obtained by the IPCC GWP method, over time the total effect of the power of global warming (225.109 kg CO2 eq) in periods of 20 years was estimated (impact of 55%, equivalent to 124.815 kg CO2 eq.), 100 years (impact of 28%, equivalent to 61.833 kg CO2 eq.) and 500 years (impact of 17%, equivalent to 38460 kg CO2 eq.). The monthly Carbon Footprint estimated by the CISL was 31.983,14 kg CO2 eq, equivalent to a monthly per capita of 15.07 kg CO2 eq, which means that the CISL has greater CO2 absorption capacity through the native forests and sown, that the same emission that is generated (> 97% approximately). When comparing the value obtained by the UNIPAZ, with the CF per capita in Colombia (141,7 kg CO2 eq), it is clear that the per capita emission generated by the CISL is much lower, because the activities carried out within the facilities of the campus are different and of shorter duration than those commonly done in the home.
Keywords: Carbon footprint, life cycle analysis, greenhouse gases, potential environmental impact.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Assessment of Demand and Potential Associated with Solid Waste Management in Emerging Cities: The Case of the City of Rio das Ostras, RJ
VALLEJO, F. M. A.; MONTEIRO, L. P. C. (UFF)
|
Abstract: The rapid urban and population growth observed in some Brazilian cities in recent years, associated with the
troubling framework of management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the country has as a consequence
environmental problems that tend to gain scale in the future. Note that there is a technology and management lag
relative to some efficient models adopted in developed countries that use waste as a feedstock in power
generation and maintains high standards of environmental control. Therefore this paper addresses, holistically, the
problems of urban waste management, as well as the
main routes that can be taken to advance the department in
accordance with the guidelines of the National Solid Waste. For a closer view of reality, a case study
was
conducted in the city of Rio das Ostras, RJ, where was diagnosed a scenario that, despite being above the national
average, is still far of desirable standards characterized by difficulties in meet the growing demand,
large wastage
of materials and lack of adequate treatment for most waste. Based on collected data in the field and in the
literature, were made projections of future scenarios considering population growth. It was estimated
that if
nothing is done, the city will need to triple its garbage disposal capacity in less than 10 years. On
the other hand,
from some actions and investments, is possible to reverse this framework using the economic and energy
potentials associated with the management of MSW generating countless benefits to the city. Actions such as
separating waste for recycling, installing biodecom
position centrals and framing the landfill as CDM were
considered most advantageous to be implemented in the short term considering the factors of technical,
economic
and environmental involved. Yet, not rule out the use of heat treatment for some types of materials, and
eventually even to the RSU. However, it was concluded that a new approach of municipal administrations,
especially those growing cities, it is possible to
manage the waste more efficiently resulting economic advantages
and also protecting the environment.
Keywords: Waste management, MSW, urban growth, environment,
waste to energy
|
Assessment of Energy, Global, and CO2 Emission Efficiencies of Sand Production from Construction and Demolition Materials
BORGES, R. F. M., AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: At the same time in which the market of building construction generates gross domestic product (GDP) and collaborates with social-economical growth, it generates large load on environment due to materials and energy use as well as the waste generated. Among others, the building construction waste (BCW) deserves special attention because it corresponds to about 50% of total solid waste generated in the Earth. Specifically for the São Paulo city, Brazil, the BCW corresponds to about 66% in mass of total solid waste generated within the city, which demands high economic and energetic cost for its transport to landfills. In an attempt to overcome the resources wasteful, the use of BCW as raw material in producing sand for building construction could be considered as a good alternative, because usually sand corresponds up to 50% of total recycled BCW in mass. On the other hand, recycling BCW to produce sand also demands resources as materials, energy and labor to transport the BCW until recycling plant and in all other related processes as separation, size reduction, classification, and sand transport until final user. This work aims to assess the energetic-environmental performance of BCW recycling process in producing sand for building construction in São Paulo city. For this, energy analysis, emergy accounting (with an “m”), and global warming potential (GWP) are the methodologies used. Results indicate that energy efficiency (0.12 MJ/kg sand), global efficiency (3.09E10 seJ/kg sand) and the GWP (0.016 kgCO2-eq./kg sand) of recycled sand from BCW have better performance when compared to referenced values of sand produced traditionally from natural extraction. It is recognized the need of higher amount and diversity of referenced values for comparison, but these preliminary results indicate that recycling sand from BCW suggests, a priori, a good alternative in comparison with sand obtained from natural extraction.
Keywords: Embodied energy, Emergy accounting, Global warming, Recycled sand.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessment of Soil Fertility and the Elements Nickel, Chromium, Lead and Cadmium in Soil Cultivated with Coffee for Ten Years using Limestone Compared to the Use of Agrosilício® and these Two to Soil Under Natural Vegetation
DAMATO NETO, J.; CUNHA, D. N.; SOUZA, C. M.; SANTOS, M. A.; SILVA, M. L.; PEDROSO, M. (UFV)
|
Abstract: Before Christ, the application of residues in agriculture was already a common practice. steel slag can be used for acidity correction. However, the soil contamination is a problem. The objective of this study was to analyze an area where Agrosilício® (steel slag) was applied comparing to two areas (one with no correction and another one with limestone application). The soil samplings weredonein native forest areas and coffee plantations, one area managed only withlimestone application and another with Agrosilício®, both with ten years of application of the products. The sampling depths were 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20; 20-30; 30-40; 40-60; 60-80 and under 80 centimeters, in two repetitions. It was analyzed routine fertility and the elements: boron, chromium, nickel and cadmium. Limestone and Agrosilício®showed similar results for the analyzed features. Keywords:heavy metals, native forest, silicon, steel slag, soil amendments
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessment of the Integration Between Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Management Processes in Brazilian Companies
CAZERI, G. T.; ANHOLON, R.; COOPER ORDOÑEZ, R. E.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF)
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Abstract: This article aims to assessment the integration between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and management processes in Brazilian companies, according to perception of professionals with expertise in the theme. The strategy used was a survey, using as instrument to collect data a questionnaire. Data were collected from 48 respondents, and these data were analyzed using the Multidimensional Scheduling (EMD) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) for one factor. The EMD was used to identify outlier respondents and AFE was used to order the practices studied. The results showed improvement opportunities in all practices and that some practices are developed superficially. When analyzed comparatively, using factorial scores, two practices were highlighted. The first one associated to report the results to the stakeholders and the second one associated to performance evaluation via indicators. On the other hand, it was also noticed that practices with lower application degrees are related to planning activities, which compromises better results in the integration process. The results presented here are important and can be useful for business managers and academics in future research.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Integration with Management Process, Survey
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Assessment of the Performance of Cajanus cajan in the Phytoextraction and Translocation of Lead
CUNHA, D. N.; DAMATO NETO, J.; SOUZA, C. M.; SILVA, M. L. (UFV)
|
Abstract: Heavy metals are high molecular weight elements that, in high concentrations, put in risk all biodiversity. Lead (Pb) is one of the most soil contaminant heavy metals and one of the biggest environmental problems of the modern world. Hence, the development of methods and techniques are required for controlling the harmful effects resulting from contamination, especially in the soil. The technique that stands out most is the phytoremediation, which aims to decontaminate the soil and water through the use of plants. Cajanuscajan, also known as pigeon pea, is an annual or semi-perennial shrub legume with several uses, among them, as improving plant soil, due to its phytoremediation capacity, mainly through phytoextraction technique, since its potential in removing metals from soil by absorption and accumulation in roots and aerial part. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Cajanuscajan in phytoextraction and translocation of lead. We selected 50 Cajanuscajan seeds and put to germinate in a container containing chemically analyzed soil. The samples were dried in an oven and stored in identified paper bags. The dry matter production of root, aerial part and whole plant (root + aerial part) were determined using analytical scale. In laboratory the levels of lead in roots and aerial part were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental design was completely randomized and the results were submitted to analysis of variance, applying the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. Comparing the averages of fresh and dry weight of Cajanuscajan, in general, it was observed that they decreased, both aerial part and root, as increased the lead contents the samples were exposed to. The concentration of Pb in these compartments increased with increasing concentration of the solution added to the soil. Phytotoxicity symptoms were observed in some samples, such as yellowing and leaf drop. There was also a reduction in the growth of plants exposed to 1000 µmol L-1 of lead acetate in comparison with the other samples and the amount of Pb present in the roots was much higher than that amounttranslocated to the aerial part. As the roots showed a higher amount of lead, it is recommended that in the case of the process being used at larger scales, they must be incinerated or disposed of in appropriate trenches in landfills. The specie Cajanus cajan showed good efficiency in lead phytoextraction, proving its considerable importance and practical applicability in the recovery of areas contaminated by that element.
Keywords: Phytoremediation, pigeon pea, heavy metals, contaminated sites, bioremediation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Assessment of the Presence of Ecodesign Principles in a Chemical Company
M. Borchardt; M. A. Sellitto; G. M. Pereira (UNISINOS); M. H. Wendt (Artecola Indústrias Químicas)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a case study about ecodesign constructs assessment based on a
multicriterial decision support method, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The assessment
took place in a chemical firm. The methodology was developed considering that the application
in other organizations, belonging to other industries, is available. Firstly, a theoretical framework
about ecodesign concepts and practices was prepared. Then, a focus group with multidisciplinary
team of experts in eco-conception identified seven ecodesign constructs describing the top term
ecodesign. The constructs are: materials, product components, product and process
characteristics, use of energy, product distribution and stocks, packing and waste. Each
construct was deployed in items. Using the AHP, the ecodesign constructs were weighted by the
company respondents and it was possible identified the relative importance of each construct.
The constructs with higher degree of importance were product and process characteristics and
waste. At the end, a questionnaire was answered by the company team in order to check the
performance of each item. Compiling the items performance, we can assess the construct
performance. By comparing the assessed performance with the relative importance of each
ecodesign constructs, it was possible to measure the gaps between importance and
performance.
Keywords: Ecodesign, design for environment, analytic hierarchy process
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Assessment of the Viability of Production of Ceramic Tiles from Waste Generated in the Casting Process Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxide of Aluminum Alloy
SOUZA, C.S., ANTUNES, M.L.P. (UNESP), DALLA VALENTINA, L.V.O. (UDESC), RANGEL, E.C., CRUZ, N.C. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The casting process is the production of metal parts when a metal or molten metal alloy is placed on a hollow mold made of sand. During fabrication of sand molds is generated as a byproduct dust exhaust. Disposal of this waste has several environmental damage as a modification of the natural landscape and occupation of large areas with landfilling, beyond this material is potentially toxic if disposed in uncontrolled areas. In order to use this waste, this work proposes the use of this waste for the production and characterization of coatings, such as protection film on an aluminum alloy surface plasma electrolytic oxide (PEO). The PEO is a process where the atmospheric plasma and conventional electrolysis are combined for the change of metal surfaces in ceramic oxides. In this work, the coatings were obtained in aluminum alloys by means of plasma electrolytic, electrolyte solution prepared using an exhaust dust and distilled water in concentrations of 5g / L and 20g / L. The electrolytic plasma was obtained by applying a potential difference of 650V, 300Hz frequency, duty cycle of + 60% to -20% and utilizing deposition time of 600s and 1200s. Were asked the exhaust powder analysis and film analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The composition of the coatings showed the presence of O, Al, Si, Fe, K, Mg, Na, C, where all concentrations increased with longer deposition. This study also showed that the coatings obtained from concentration of 20g / L and 1200s deposition produce uneven coatings and low adhesion, the condition being discharged for further studies.
Keywords: Casting residue, ceramic coating, plasma electrolytic oxide, aluminum
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Backcasting and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Contribution
HOMRICH, A. S.; CARVALHO, M. M. (USP)
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Abstract: Given the global needs for sustainable movement aligned to the concept of the Triple-Bottom-Line of Elkinton (1998) emerges the need for strategic planning and real engagement of stakeholders groups regarding the turning actions towards visions of the future, this is the approach known as backcasting. From these references, this paper aims to give an overview of the academic literature on backcasting for sustainability, describing trends, authors and the main topics discussed. The methodological approach used was a literature review with bibliometric analysis techniques and content analysis. Searches were conducted in the scientific database ISI Web of Knowledge. The initial sample for analysis consisted of 101 published articles between 1985 and 2014, expanded to the references cited in these articles. The sample was analyzed with respect to the evolution of publications, citations, identification of key journals, authors and works. To content analysis and main themes, proceeded to a selection based on the categorization promoted by the database and reading the abstracts, resulting in a total of 31 articles. The results indicate a significant increase of published papers and citations over the period. Models of backcasting studies identified in the literature converge: commitment and involvement of stakeholders; use of interactive modeling tools, workshops, questionnaires, interviews, etc. as well as efforts to monitor and stimulate the dissemination of social learning. Most studies focus on countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden
Keywords: Backcasting, Sustenability, Framework, Stakeholders. Bibliometric study
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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BACON Project: Protecting Water Resources Against Potential Chemical Industrial Accidents
A. Toledo; J. Galgaro (Rhodia)
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Abstract: The Atibaia and Anhumas rivers are part of the Piracicaba and Capivari hydrologic region, which supplies water for more than three million people and it is essential for agricultural production at regional level. The RHODIA chemistry plant is located close to these rivers and the consequence of potential accidents/incidents would be very negative to the aquatic life and the people located at downstream. In this sense, it was projected and implemented the BACON project, which is a protection system to the Atibaia and Anhumas rivers. BACON prevents that contaminated water goes to the rivers. This paper describes the BACON project since when it was established in 1997 until its closure in 2000.
Keywords: Rivers, Drippings, Protection, BACON
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
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Barriers to the Adoption of Green Buildings on Higher Education Institutions
KASAI, N. (UNESP)
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Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are responsible for significant environmental impacts, both for the massive
amount of activities they develop every day, and for their resemblance with "small cities". In this context, HEIs
have been suggested to search
for a better environmental adequation, and one of the strategies for that to
succeed is the adoption of green buildings. However, some researchs, especially the international ones, have been
pointing that this kind of initiative usually faces several barriers, on organizational and financial basis, among
others. These barriers may be occurring as well in Higher Education Institutions, more specifically in Engineering
Colleges which have been receiving a special attention of the Brazilian government and organizations that provide
research incentive to raise the quality and amount of graduate engineers in Brazil. In that context, the objective of
this article is, therefore, to identify which are the most important barriers to the implementation of more
environmentally sustainable buildings in Higher Education Institutions, and, based on research in the available
literature, propose suggestions to eliminate these obstacles.
Keywords: Green Buildings, Engineering College, Environmental Management, Higher Education
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Barriers to Implementation of the Waste Management Plan: A Case Study
ARRAGE, H. A.; AL KHATIB, M. M.; ANTONIASSI, B. A.; PINTO, E. M.; PAVELOSKI, E. M. (Universidade do Sagrado Coração)
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Abstract: This paper presents the results from an evaluation of barriers encountered in the initial phase of implementation of an Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan carried out in a medium-sized commercial enterprise. The Shopping Center are currently passing for a process of implementing the Integrated waste management plan and, already at this stage, organizational, cultural, attitudinal, technical and economic obstacles have been detected, thus are being treated as challenge by its administration. So that, the integrated waste management plan is conducted in order to attend the Planning and Current laws. This evaluation, which consists of a diagnosis of the real situations involving employees, clients and management groups, has been followed throughout the entire process and will serve as a basis for the formulation of corrective strategies during the implementation of the integrated waste management plan. This seeks to comply with the legislation recommended in the National Solid Waste Policy through a correct classification, destination and or treatment of the main waste generated, as well as, the targets for reduction and better alternatives for the environmental sustainability. The results demonstrate barriers especially in the organizational, systemic, economic, technical and attitudinal order, with emphasis on the previous lack of knowledge of employees and , entrepreneurs, regarding compliance requirements of Brazilian Law 12305/2010. The results obtained support a parallel work that has just begun and that promotes environmental education and actions, with the aim to integrate the society in the process of reduction, reuse and recycling of waste.
Keywords: Barrier, Waste Management, Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, National Solid Waste Policy, Urban Solid Waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Barriers to the Implementation of Cleaner Production as Ecoefficiency Practice in Small and Medium Enterprises in the State of Rio de Janeiro
M. T. B. Rossi (UFF); M. M. L. Barata (IOC/Fiocruz-RJ)
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Abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify how small and medium business in the state of
Rio de Janeiro, can overcome the implementation barriers of cleaner production and as a
consequence become more eco-efficient. In that context, the methodology used was the
research and exploration of the available biography in order to identify the main known
barriers for the implementation of cleaner production in the world and in Brazil, and its
application and similarities to small enterprises located in Rio de Janeiro. As a result, a
proposal for a strategic plan was developed including enabling actions for the adoption of
cleaner production directed to the specific cases found in the small and medium
companies of the Rio de Janeiro State.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Barriers, Eco-efficiency, Strategy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Behavior of the energy consumption of the air conditioning system for an office building in four climatic zones of Colombia
BALBIS-MOREJON, M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); TOVAR-OSPINO, I. R. (Universidad Autónoma del Caribe/REFRINORTE S.A. - Colombia); SOUSA-SANTOS, V.; CASTRO-PEÑA, J.J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: In Colombia, the use of air conditioning systems increases and becomes a fundamental need to ensure comfort in buildings. The analysis of the energy behavior was carried out for four climatic zones of Colombia, including Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla. For each location, a large office building with an air conditioning system was simulated with the EnergyPlus V8.6 simulation tool. The air conditioning system corresponds to a centralized system, where two scenarios were generated, one with variable VAV air volume and the other with constant air volume with Fan Coil FC type terminal units. The results indicate that in Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla the VAV air conditioning system, with 33.5%, 9.7% and 14.9%, respectively, presents greater savings in the total energy consumption of the building, in the case of Bogotá, the use of the FC system with 0.32% has greater potential. The cooling and pumping subsystems also present savings potentials, although to a lesser extent than the global system. The study showed the importance of verification and prediction of energy consumption, considering energy consumption data systems and subsystems installed in the building and basic configurations of air conditioning equipment.
Keywords: Energy consumption, air conditioning systems, simulation, buildings, climate.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Benefits of Integrating Life Cycle Assessment into the Product Development
LUZ, L. M.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; PIERKARSKI, C. M. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The development of sustainable products has been perceived as a challenging issue in academia and industry. In order to meet the demands of sustainable development and minimize the complexity involved in this process, tools have been developed and applied to the product development process (PDP). Among them is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that has been increasingly used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and a new trend results in the application of LCA still in the PDP, from being retrospective to being prospective. This can bring several benefits to the organization. Therefore, the present article aims to make a survey of the main benefits obtained by the integration of LCA in the PDP. For this, a methodological approach was used to review the literature. With this study it can be noticed that despite the barriers found in the integration of the LCA in the PDP, the LCA has great potential to contribute significantly in the optimization of this process and to result in several benefits for the organization.
Keywords: life cycle assessment, product development process, integrating, benefits
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Benefits of Optimization Process in Water Treatment Plants - Case Study SANASA Campinas
SIQUEIRA, S. L. (UNICAMP/SANASA-Campinas); ISAAC, R. L. (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: In many water drinking treatment plants, the chemical applications are made with manualsequipment. These
dosing controls are very difficult and depend of the experience of the operators.
The water drinkingtreatment depends on several factors such as pH, turbidity, color and origin of the
sample to be
treated. These and other factors can determine the
best chemical to be used and the best pH of coagulation and
flocculation. Generally the treatment in higher values of pH may lead to an increased consumption of coagulants
with a consequent increase in the sludge production.
The use of aluminum salts and iron is common in water treatment plants. These products have capacities of
treatment in different ranges of pH and the correct
choice will influence the kinetics of the reaction
s involved with
consequent production of a higher or lower amount of sludge.
Another important factor is the high cost that a wrong choice will lead to the process, because, in addition to
direct consumption of coagulant and increased sludge generation, there may be a higher consumption of
other
products indirectly.
This work show the results of accurate control and
the choice of the best product for water drinking treatment with
environmental and financial benefits which provided
a reduction of over 40% in the consumption of chemicals
including the coagulant and lime, in addition to the almost total reduction of the use of powdered activated carbon.
As a indirect consequence of optimization process,
there was a large reduction in the generation of sludge that has
a high cost for your treatment and disposal.
Keywords: Dewatering, clean production, reduction of waste,
water treatment, sludge treatment
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Best Management Practices and Environmental Management in Aquaculture – Indicators for Monitoring in Multiple Scales
RODRIGUES, G. S.; QUEIROZ, J. F.; FRIGHETTO, R. T. S.; SAMPAIO, F. G. (Embrapa); FRASCA-SCORVO, C. M. D. (APTA); COUTO, K. R.; RODRIGUES, I. A. (Embrapa)
|
Abstract: The promotion of sustainable aquaculture depends on
the documented adoption of Best Management Practices
(BMPs), associated with the monitoring of environmental health, of the availability of natural resources (especially
uncontaminated waters and sediments), and of the efficient use of inputs. In order to ensure a traceable and
organized procedure to help fish farmers to comply
with these requisites, a set of environmental performance
indicators has been integrated into an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system, under the coordination of
the Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture
(MPA), through a research project carried out in the Furnas
reservoir (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). This choice
of location aims at supporting a national policy,
dedicated to
implement ‘Aquaculture Parks’ in the large reservoirs associated with hydroelectric facilities in the
country. These ‘Parks’ have been delimitated in selected areas, following careful diagnostics of hydrodynamics, carrying capacity
evaluations, multiple water uses and conflicting interests, to receive permits to install cages for fish production.
One provision of said policy charges MPA to offer producers with monitoring programs related with environmental
impact and social benefit assessments of these aquaculture ventures. A challenge for such monitoring programs is
to encompass the multiple scales represented by (i)
the individual aquaculture ventures (be these small or large
numbers of fish cages for each fish farmer), (ii) the collective association of producers in an ‘aquaculture park’,
and (iii) the community at large eventually affected by these businesses. Furthermore, the monitoring
procedure
should emphasize the ability to promote and recommend adoption of BMPs, while facilitating the record
keeping of
environmental quality and resource carrying capacity information. The primary component of this record
keeping,
environmental management and resource monitoring procedure has been formulated as a ‘Weighted Impact
Assessment System for Best Management Practices in
Aquaculture’ (APOIA-Aquaculture), comprised of 68
indicators integrated in a multi-attribute platform
to assess the ‘Spatial organization’ of the enterprises (in a set of
22 indicators), the analytical conditions of ‘Water
quality’ (14 indicators), and ‘Quality of the sediments’ (09
indicators), and the conditions regarding ‘Management, nutrition and safety’ (23 indicators). A series
of case
studies has been carried out at the Furnas reservoir, in order to check the flexibility of the impact
assessment
system towards the different enterprise typologies,
and its applicability as an environmental management tool for
producers. Interestingly, a subset of ‘sediment quality indicators’ is frequently showing sensitivity
as a record of
mismanagement, especially those linked with inadequate feeding management. For instance, organic matter and
phosphate contents increased markedly from sediments sampled ~10m upstream (considering the local current
flows) as compared to just under the cages. The main reasons for these changes seemed to be the inadequate
identification of cages, with consequent poor control on feeding practices and impossible bookkeeping.
Such
indicator interactions, and related management tradeoffs and improved practice recommendations, are stressed in ‘Environmental Management Reports’ offered to producers’ decision making. Further development of the
methodology is now focusing the formulation of a set of ‘Natural resources and environmental assets sharing’ indicators, to address the joint organization of the upcoming ‘aquaculture parks’, in compliance with
the multiple
uses intended to these territories around major water bodies.
Keywords: Aquaculture, impact assessment, environmental management, water quality, Best Production Practices
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Product Life Cycle Management, Product Development Process and Sustainability and their Interfaces
A. Varandas Junior (USP), P. A. C. Miguel (UFSC), M. M. de Carvalho (USP)
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a review, classification, codification, and analysis of the
literature of the concepts Product Life Cycle Management (PLM), New Product Development
(NPD), Sustainability and their interfaces. It seeks to map the literature on those concepts by
bibliometric analysis. The analysis is supported by software (UCINET and SITKIS) to present the
relations among the concepts, networks of citations and references, and related topics.
Subsequently, the paper identifies a gap in the literature on perspectives for future research. ISI
Web of Knowledge database is accessed as well as a Brazilian portal which is linked to various
databases (CAPES). The analysis considers publications between 2006 and 2010, classifying
according to various criteria. When classifying the papers, difficulties were encountered in
identifying the research methods, since there was limited information on many articles. The
results show that the papers are published in a dispersed way in different journals. The majority
of them adopt case study as a methodological research approach as well as theoretical-based
conceptual papers. Concerning the nature of the data, qualitative approach is more used than
the quantitative one. Most papers are descriptive studies. One of the reasons might be due to
the fact that these concepts are not well consolidated in the literature. The examined
publications incorporated the concept of sustainability and PLM in the NPD process and are more
extensively applied in industries, supply chain and software development. Papers usually
emphasises the improvement NPD, performance assessment, and the integration of information
from different areas. Finally, the article concludes that the literature converges to an integration
of the concepts of sustainability and PLM, within the current practices of the NPD. There is a trend increased towards environmental issues demanded by society and the need of
organizations to employ strategies that consider product end of life (remanufacturing, recycling
and reuse).
Keywords: Product development process (PDP). Product life cycle management (PLM). Sustainability.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Bibliometric Mapping of Scientific Literature of Eco-Innovation (1978-2017)
VAZ, C. R.; LEZANA, A. G. R.; URIONA MALDONADO, M. (UFSC)
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Abstract: This article aimed to present a bibliometric mapping on the theme Eco-Innovation, to allow the researcher to understand the state of the art of the researched area. The research was classified as a review of structured, exploratory-descriptive literature. The Web of Science database was used in January 2017 with the combination of five keywords in the 40 year time period. Histology, VOSviewer and NAILS software were used to analyze the data. The results were presented as follows: i) the most representative versus most cited authors, ii) the main research centers versus the countries, iii) the more representative journals versus the more cited ones, iv) the cooccurrences of keywords, v) the more articles Quoted versus most cited references. In this way, it can be concluded that the first published work on the subject was in 1978 by Kostomo, the issue of Environmental Innovation in Finland. The most representative authors, both in the sample and in the number of citations, are the authors Rennings, Horbach, Mazzanti, Chen, Kemp, Wagner and Oltra. The most representative journals in the sample and number of citations are the Journal of Cleaner Production and Ecological Economics. In relation to research centers, the University of Ferrara and the University of Castilla de la Mancha stand out, both in terms of the number of documents and the number of citations. The most representative countries are UK, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. And finally, the paper that presented the most citation and is found in the cited references, is that of Rennings, entitled Redefining innovation - eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics, with 151 citations.
Keywords: Green Innovation, Sustainable Innovation, Environmental Innovation, Eco-Innovation, Bibliometric Analysis
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Bibliometrics Analysis in the SJCP's Coming from IWACP: Ten Years Working Together for a Sustainable Future
OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; PINTO, F. R.; COSTA, I. S. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: The aim this research was assessment the papers published in the five Special Journal of Cleaner Production resultings of discussions and publishers in the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production to present drivers to future researchs. In data analysis was investigated the research methods utilized, researched countries, ecoeficiency tolls adopted and mainly the approaches of research in terms environmental, economics and social. The method adopted was bibliometric and content revision in 167 paper with data analysis through descriptive statistics and analysis of social networks with the use of UCINET-Draw. We conclude some opportunities for future research: (i) development of more research using the research-action methodology for the development of conceptual models and implementation in organizational practice; (Ii) although good foreign relations in SJCP publications from the IWACP could present cases that show comparisons among countries with Brazil to show means of technology transfer to improve the environmental management of Brazilian companies; (Iii) the opportunity to conduct research on industrial ecology and exergy; And (iv) future research focusing on the relationship between the three variables (environmental, economic and social), contributing to sustainability.
Keywords: Bibliometrics analysis, International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Biodiversity Loss due to Climatic Impact of Land Use in LCA: a Case Study in Regionalization of Carbon Transfer Data in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
M. V. Lange, C. M. L. Ugaya (UTFPR)
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Abstract: Land use leads to different impacts on nature, so that the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of land
use should include at least the impacts on biodiversity, biotic production and regulatory
functions in the natural environment. This study focuses on the climatic effect of land use,
determined by the carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and atmosphere, considering reabsorption
by the earth's surface, aiming to generate usable data for assessing the loss
of biodiversity. There are current methods for LCA use, which provide data for the main world
biogeographic regions. But considering that carbon transfers are very specific for each
microregion of the globe and even the existence of a more detailed division of biomes in each
country – each of them with significant differences in species, ecological dynamics, ecological
interactions and environmental conditions – a regionalization of the data for the Brazilian biomes
is proposed, considering the main land uses. As an example and for validation of the data
regionalization process, the study is focused on obtaining data of carbon transfers in the Atlantic
Forest Biome. Therefore, initially, data on carbon stocks in soil and vegetation, for each of the
strata of the Atlantic Forest Biome, were collected and tabulated. Then, calculation procedures
were performed, considering not only the amount transferred, but also the permanence of
carbon in the atmosphere, to finally determine values for the carbon transfer to the air due to
implantation of pastures in the different strata, expressed as fossil-combustion-equivalent tons
of carbon. The case study allowed the conclusion that the regional data are quite different from
the generic data previously found for rainforests. Furthermore, differences were found between
the values of carbon transfer to the various strata that make up the same biome - the Atlantic
Forest. Thus is reinforced the need to regionalize the data on carbon transfer in order to make
them more realistic and reliable.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Carbon Transfers due to Land Use. Biodiversity Loss
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Biogas Production from Manure of the Fish Farming
MACHADO, S. T.; JORDAN, R. A.; SANTOS, R. C.; PAOLETTO, A. M; REIS, J. G. M.; AVÁLO, H. (UFGD)
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Abstract: This paper evaluated the potential of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of manure of the fish
farming,
species Tilapia Gift (Oreochromis niloticus). This study is part of a pilot project conducted in order
to evaluate
feasibility to biogas production from manure of the
fish farming in zone of Grande Dourados-MS, conducted by
Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). For construction of the biodigester and gasometer model
used in
this work was two plastic gallon with capacity of
50 liters and white PVC pipe. The results of this study indicate a
potential of 917 cm³ / day per 50 gallons of the gross material with retention time 10 days. Thus, it
is possible to
use manure from fish farming to produce biogas.
Keywords: Biogas. Pisciculture. Tilapia Gift (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Biopaper Obtained from Microorganisms
L. Xavier Filho (Universidade Tiradentes); P. Basmaji (Inovatecs); C. V. Córdoba (Complutense University - Spain)
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose the production of biopaper from microorganisms’ biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose. The potential capacity of microorganisms to form biocellulose and hemicellulose fibbers was analyzed. Biocellulose/biohemicellulose is expected to be a new biodegradable biopolymer.
Keywords: Biopolymer, fermentation, microorganisms, Acetobacter xylinum
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Bird Survey as an Indication of Environmental Integrity in Preservation Areas
SANTOS, E. N.; VENDRAMETTO, L. P.; VERAS, D. S. (Syngenta); CHRISTOFFOLETI, P. J. (ESALQ); RODRIGUES, R. S. O. (Syngenta)
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Abstract: Preservation areas are mandatory for all Brazilian farmers, according to Forest Act – Law 12.651 of May 25th, 2012. The purpose of these areas is the maintenance of the flora, fauna quality of the soil and water. A Bird Survey was performanced on a preservation area of a small agricultural property in Holambra – São Paulo - Brazil. This property follows the good agricultural practices so that erosion, soil and water contamination are avoided. The preservation areas, including native vegetation and reforestation areas, are maintained without any anthropogenic activities. Bird survey was made in the preservation area in 2003, 2005, 2010 and 2013. The data indicated a trend of increasing diversity and species richness over the years. Despite the intense use of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, no dead or intoxicated birds were found. These data demonstrate that the agricultural activities were not impacting the birds diversity and richness. The careful maintenance of the preservation area and its surroundings also contribute to the conservation of local biodiversity.
Keywords: Good agricultural practices, preservation areas, birds
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Bolivia's Lithium Frontier: Can Cleaner Technologies Harness a Mineral Development Boom?
HANCOCK, L.; RALPH, N. (Deakin University - Australia); ALI, S. H. (University of Delaware - USA)
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Abstract: In 2014, Bolivia’s President Morales announced a state investment of $995 million to develop the world’s largest lithium reserves, located in Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni. Lithium production is promoted as enabling development in this impoverished, indigenously populated country which has historically suffered terrible environmental and social impacts from mineral exploitation. Lacking expertise and capital to sustainably produce lithium, Bolivia’s plans for lithium industrialization through vertically integrated mineral development and public-private partnerships with foreign corporations, include a desire to harness the most environmentally appropriate technologies. We discuss the debate on cleaner production for lithium, challenges of Bolivia’s lithium industrialization, and investigate how the desire for clean technologies has cultivated unusual partnerships between state enterprises and foreign-owned private corporations. We consider this model for developing remote mineral reserves for advanced technologies that are necessary for the global transition from a fossil fuel to low carbon economy, and for addressing sustainable development goals. Lithium is vital for energy storage, renewable energy and the electric vehicle industry. To meet rising lithium demand, with minimal environmental and social impacts, novel approaches to international resource extraction partnerships transcending ideological biases will be needed, and their efficacy evaluated. Our research aims to pave the way to such an evaluative framework, using Bolivia’s lithium as a central case. Key research issues for developing the framework and initial criteria of evaluation are proposed.
Keywords: lithium, Bolivia, extraction, public-private partnerships
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Bottle-to Bottle PET Recycling
A. F. Formigoni (UNESP); I. P. A. Campos (UNIP)
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Abstract: Population growth and the continued incentive to consumption of disposable industrial products has led nowadays to a non-stop growing of the amount and the diversity of urban waste. The option to just dispose of industrial, commercial and home waste in landfill sites has led to their near saturation. Employment of these residues as raw materials has been adopted as a solution to this problem, but is young as an activity and thus, still not recognized as the best alternative. In the present dissertation a critical analysis of the problems posed by the bottle-to-bottle recycling of PET, for use in the food industry, in the general context of PET recycling is presented. The loss and recovery of the desired material properties, chemical and biological contaminations are discussed herein, as well as the fundamental question what the law about it is nowadays, and why, and how it might be better formulated. At this point in time, the Brazilian market recycles ca. 50% of the total produced PET, and this means that there is still potential for a lot to be done in what regards to PET recycling.
Keywords: Recycling, environmental impact, PET, bottle to bottle
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Building an Ecodesign Transition Framework toward Sustainable Product Innovation
BRONES, F. A.; CARVALHO, M. M.; ZANCUL, E. S. (USP)
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Abstract: In order to effectively integrate environmental aspects into product development processes, companies have to significantly change some of the practices and habits of all involved stakeholders and organisation.To complement earlier research and the (technical) “hard side of ecodesign”, this article explores the promising “soft side” that considers company culture and human factors,through a multiple steps literature review.Whereas a consistent prescriptive change model is still lackinginecodesignliterature, astrong convergence and synergy is shown with the emerging Transition Management approach designed for sustainability issues facing organisations. The principles of an “ecodesign transition framework”are proposed, combining a three-level systemic approach, complementary top-down planning and bottom-up innovation, through new types of interaction and cycles of action and learning, with a deeper stakeholder management. This new combination could be capable toaddresschange management issues and help companies evolve toward a more effective sustainable product innovation process, in the context of evolving business management practices.
Keywords: Ecodesign, integration, change management, transition, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Business Certifications for ISO 14001: Descriptive and Comparative Study of the Evolution Over the Period 2000 to 2010
PEIXE, B. C. S.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; SPENASSATO, D. (UFSC); TEZZA, R. (UDESC)
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Abstract: The evolution of certifications in the last decade highlights the concern about aspects related to environmental
management in enterprises, based on a overview from every continent on the standards of the ISO 14000 series.
In this sense, the aim of this article is to demonstrate the growth of certificated companies based on information
consolidated from the descriptive and comparative analysis, identifying continents and countries that grew the
most from 2000 to 2010. The research is: bibliographic, documentary; descriptive and exploratory research.
Regarding on the approach is: qualitative and quantitative. The results demonstrated the evolution of the
certifications over the period studied, and gave visibility to the current stage of certifications by continent and
countries. It was found that companies use certifications as a requirement for improving the indicators of
competitiveness, innovation and for eliminate barriers imposed by importing and exporting countries. The
requirements to certify the environmental management system are related to the compliance of internal and
external procedures, where companies seek to meet of the stakeholders.
Keywords: ISO 14001 certifications, environmental management system, continents, countries, companies.
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Business Cooperation Networks: Arrozeiras do Sul Experience
D'OLIVEIRA, J. P.; PASQUALETTO, A. (PUC-GO); GUEDES, L. G. de R. (UFG/PUC-GO)
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Abstract: Business Networking becomes a brilliant alternative so several objectives can be achieved in less time, with better quality, lower cost and meeting current production needs within the criteria of environmental sustainability. In this paper, considerations based on a field research, supported by a theoretical reference on the structuring and operations of Business Networks are presented, as well as validated by a praxis evidence of what occurred and still occurs in the Arrozeira do Sul Network in the south of Brazil. This network effectively establishes the search for the concept of Cleaner Production, achieving consistency in its criteria of environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Cooperation Networks, Cleaner Production, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Business Cooperation Networks: Contributions to Sustainable Production
D’OLIVEIRA, J. L. P.; PASQUALETTO, A. (PUC-GO); GUEDES, L. G. de R. (UFG/PUC-GO)
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Abstract: Cooperation between companies in the form of networks, has been highlighted as an alternative organizational configuration in response to recent economic and technological change. Is also evident from the literature that the pursuit of sustainability and Cleaner Production (CP) contributes to increased flexibility and capacity in the case of this study, as guiding the Enterprise Cooperation Networks. Thus, it is studied two approaches Enterprise Cooperation Networks, produced by researchers from Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, from the perspective of the contributions of networks on sustainability and Cleaner Production. A literature review that allowed us to compare the approaches of establishment and operation of networks has been carried out with the proposed focus, concluding that the networks have in their essence the necessary elements to create opportunities to adopt the methodologies and methods of sustainability and Cleaner Production (P + L).
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainability, Business Cooperation Network. Competitive advantage
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Business Results of Eco-Innovation in Emerging and Developed Economies
REZENDE, M. D. V.; SANTOS, D. F. L. (UNESP - Brazil); BASSO, L. F. C. (Mackenzie - Brazil)
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Abstract:The article explored 323 sustainability reports certified by the Global Reporting Initiative, with the primary aim of assessing – at the company level – the structure of results of eco-innovation at firms established in developed markets and emerging markets in the period from 2012 to 2014. A valid sample of 231 companies was obtained, including 58 from emerging countries and 173 from developed countries. The methodology was based on Structural Equation Modeling and Panel Data Regression. The study found that virtually all environmental and social eco-innovation variables were significant for their respective dimensions in developed countries; however, in the emerging countries, only two environmental and social variables were significant, which shows that there is a more advanced stage of eco-innovation in developed countries. With regard to the results of the panel data regression, the environmental and social variables were significant only for the Return on Sales (ROS), and in a different way between emerging and developed countries.
Keywords: Sustainable innovation, capacity to innovate, performance, emerging economies.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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C |
Carbon Capture and Utilization by Mineral Carbonation with CKD in Aqueous Phase: Experimental Stage and Characterization of Carbonated Products
PEDRAZA, J.I.(UNAL - Colombia); SUAREZ, L.A. (UNAL/Universidad ECCI - Colombia); MARTINEZ, L. A.; ROJAS, N.Y; TOBON, J.I.; RAMIREZ, J.H. (UNAL - Colombia); ZEA, H.R.(UNAL - Colombia); CÁCERES, A. A. (Universidad ECCI - Colombia)
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Abstract: Carbon dioxide capture and reuse techniques are being developed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector at the same time that high added value by-products are obtained. Carbon capture by mineral carbonation of CO2 using industrial waste is an interesting technology. Its rate and effectiveness depends on four main parameters: water content of the sample (or amount of mixed water or liquid/solid ratio), particle size, temperature, and pressure. Cement kiln dust, which is a residue of the cement industry, could be considered the most suitable material for this purpose, with a high calcium and magnesium content. We used a responsesurface experimental design model to assess CO2 carbonation mineral techniques and determine its uptake potential, and the products’ physical-chemical and mineralogical properties. Diffractogram showed that a carbonated phase was formed after the reaction, increasing the amount of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Theoretical uptake was calculated as 23.4% w/t, instead, experimental yield was found out between 7-22% compared to the theoretically amount of CO2 sequestration.
Keywords: Carbon capture and utilization, cement kiln dust, industrial waste, mineral carbonation.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Carbon Footprint of Commercial Forest Plantations (Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula) and Protection Forest Plantation (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in Colombia
MARTÍNEZ, L.A.; CUÉLLAR, Y.; PÁEZ, N.J.; PEDRAZA, J.I.; BELÁLCAZAR-CERÓN, L.C. (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)
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Abstract: Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a criterion to identify and quantify environmental benefits for process or products. LCA is useful to determine different environmental impact categories in the whole production chain or part of it. Carbon dioxide mitigation improves the global environmental impact of a specific product expressed as carbon footprint by the substitution of raw materials and processes to combine environmental and economic benefits. In this work, LCA was performed to determine the carbon footprint for two commercial forest plantations (Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula) and one protection forest (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in Colombia. Forestry operations were divided into three categories: seedlings production, planting and soil preparation, and maintenance and control. The felling process was not considered. The amount of plants per hectare was established for each species. The OpenLCA® software was used to evaluate emissions in global warming potential, and the Ecoinvent v3.2 database for the inputs of life cycle inventory data for different secondary processes. The inputs that feed the forestry processes were obtained from the management and commercial forestry plans for the evaluated species. Results showed that the variations depend on species planted and their maintenance, which includes different levels of fertilization, as well as different intensity of forestry operations. The maintenance and control stage have the highest contribution to total emissions of CO2, being a considerable result that counteracts the CO2 captured by the plantations.
Keywords: carbon footprint, life cycling analisys, OpenLCA.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Carbon Footprint of Intensive Broiler Production
LIMA, N. D. S.; NÄAS, I. (UNICAMP); GARCIA, R. G. (UFGD)
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Abstract: The intensive broiler production is a significant economic activity when considering the increase in broiler production and the number of slaughtered birds. However, this commercial segment needs to adjust to the perspectives of low carbon emission economy. There is a lack of information of carbon equivalent emitted in the broiler production supply chain under certain rearing conditions. Therefore this study aimed to estimate the greenhouse gasses (GHG) from broilers reared in the dark-house system in Brazil and to find the carbon footprint for subsidizing future mitigation. Dark house systems consisted of a house 15 m wide, 150 m long and 3.8 m high, and a floor area of 31500 m2 with forced ventilation; exhaust fans (12 with an air flow of 580 m3 s−1), a highpressure fogging system, and internal built walls painted with a black coating. To evaluate the carbon footprint the total rearing time was considered (1d old to 42d old). Data from 5 similar houses were registered including electricity use, dimensions, and material of the house, the number of reared birds, litter management, the number of flocks in the same litter per year, and feed ration. GHG emissions were estimated using the method developed by the World Resources Institute using emission factors based on the region and the type of animal, according to the recommendations of the IPCC for inventories. Mechanical emissions were approximately 97% of the total emissions. Annual total emissions from mechanical sources added 740 tons of CO2eq/year. This value is a result of the use of electricity (21 tons of CO2eq/year) and the technological level of the system (exhaust fans, automatic feeders, and drinkers). Emission from the litter added up 55 tons of CO2eq/year. Feed represented nearly 75% of all emissions depending on the origin and the type of feed grains for the production of the feed ration. The total estimation of the environmental impact of broiler production under the dark-house system in the center-west of Brazil is 740 tons of CO2eq/year.
Keywords: environmental impact, greenhouse gasses, broiler meat
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Case Study BrazilGlass - New Business Patterns
MUNIZ, A. G. L. (UNIP); CORREA, D. A. M. (Ernest & Young); AMARAL, F. V. A.; NOGUEIRA, M. ABE, J. M. (UNIP)
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Abstract: This report is produced in accordance with the method of SWOT analysis of the company BrazilGlass, the strengths identified throughout the study suggest that the company has a good vision and strategy practice new standards. The research is made of numerous interventions in the company throughout its existence in search of a Cleaner Production. The company is technologically updated and seeks to offer products with new materials, better design, energy saving and respect for the environment. It knows the importance of airtightness, insulation and durability in its products and therefore moves towards a new phase within the universe of locks of facades made in the industry. The company provides its products in good lighting, minimizing the inconvenience caused by the incidence of the sun, wind and rain and developing systems that have gone through various stages of evolution. For this innovation in the production of laminated glass, tempered glass, screen printing, insulating glass and window frames and coatings. It is important that investments in advertising campaigns and reducing the cost of goods is on the orderpaper in the company to make the process more sustainable and have more possibilities in front of their direct competitors. We highlight environmental responsibility and cleaner production aiming for sustainability of their processes, including a margin of 100% reuse of materials and waste released into production
Keywords: Glasses and Cleaner Production
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Case Study for Recovering of Landfill Landscape of Toledo-PR
C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE); J. C. Klein; S. Dimbarre (UNIPAR); D. Mondardo; P. P. Bellone; L. B. Santos; F. Scherer (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: The work was to propose guidelines for the recovery of landfill landscape of Toledo - PR. The
development of a technology coverage aimed specifically end the establishment of a vegetation,
initially was based on an established diagnosis of physical and chemical characteristics of soil
used in the final layers of coverage. We collected samples of soil in the depth of 0-20 cm, which
were established some parameters such as pH, Saturation of bases, cation exchange capacity,
macro and micro nutrients. The spontaneous flora of the area studied is composed of species
that escaped from cultivation; from the remnants of species in natural surroundings. In this
study may notice that there were no significant differences in relation to the relevant witness,
therefore, the results allowed the suggestion of studies and definitions of species that can be
used revegetated in the cell and closed the surroundings of the landfill in the municipality of
Toledo-PR. The determination of the chemical analysis of soil from landfill showed great
concentration of organic matter, derived from waste, can avail of nutrients already deposited in
the soil, however, requiring small levels of application of fertilizer and lime to promote better
development and resistance of the species recommended.
Keywords: Sanitary embankment, degraded area, revegetation, slope
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Case Study on Selective Colection in Electromechanical Laboratories: First Initiatives Based on an Evaluative Model
DRAHEIN, A. D. (UNICESUMAR)
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Abstract: The objective of this research is to verify the benefits of the selective collection in electromechanical laboratories in an educational institution that offers technical courses, with the aim of verifying the current situation of the institution regarding sustainable initiatives. An evaluation was first carried out by means of a model called Sustainability Assessment for Higher Technological Education (SAHTE), in a structure composed of five axes and 134 criteria. The model presents guidelines for beginners and highlights good practices found in educational institutions. In the first evaluation, there was a low adherence to the sustainable initiatives of the institution with the 134 criteria distributed in the five axes of the model, as only 26 criteria were met. After the evaluation, a meeting was held with teachers and coordinators in which the implementation of selective collection in electromechanical laboratories was chosen, the choice being justified due to the importance of the course for the region, the number of students involved, and the total absence of Selective collection in laboratories. After the implementation of the selective collection in the laboratories, the fulfillment of 16 criteria was observed, distributed among the five axes of the evaluative model. This demonstrates that in this case, a very specific point, selective collection in electromechanical laboratories, directs the institution to meet criteria not only in the fifth axis waste, but in all five axes. This was due to the environmental awareness generated by the activity, research of the students and teachers, involvement of the collectors association and the community during the implementation of the selective collection and the insertion of the activity planned for the next classes of the electromechanical course. Actions on selective collection are necessary in the future for the entire institution.
Keywords: sustainability, laboratories, electromechanical, evaluation, selective collection
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Caso Cuba. Un Camino al Desarrollo Sostenible
J. J. C. Eras (UCf-Cuba), D. G. Lorenzo, A. S. Gutiérrez, L. Hens (Free University of Brussels-Belgium), C. Vandecasteele (K. U. Leuven-Belgium)
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Abstract: This work analyzes the cuban model for sustainable development and explain the causes in
order to convert this country in the world the only that in accordance with World Wide Fund
for Nature accomplish the requirements for sustainability. Explains the results in education
and health sectors such improve the high value for IDH. Also analyzes the Cuban foot print
and policies applied in both fundamental aspects, the carbon foot and agricultural lands. This
makes available the economic growth without sensible increasing for the foot print.
Keywords: Cuba, Sustainable Development, IDH, Foot Print
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Cell Layout Application in Product Recovery: a Lean Proposal to Increase Efficiency in Remanufacturing
M. Bouzon, C. M. T. Rodriguez, A. A. de Queiroz (UFSC)
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Abstract: The growing demand of organizations for technological alternatives to reduce environmental
damage and meet the new legislative requirements has brought greater focus to the
activities of product recovery. Remanufacturing is a means of recovering a product. It is
defined as the process of restoring a product to its original specifications with the reuse of
materials, improving quality and functionality. However, the remanufacturing industry faces
difficulties and is considered an unstable and inefficient environment if compared to
manufacturing. Therefore, this paper proposes a cell layout based on lean manufacturing
concepts and adapted to the remanufacturing context, aiming to minimize waste, reduce
variability and ultimately increase efficiency.
Keywords: Remanufacturing, cell layout, lean remanufacturing, product recovery
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ceramic Incorporated with Ornamental Stones Waste Obtained from the Blocks Sawing Using Multiwire Technology: Environmental Characterization
GADIOLI, M. C. B.; PIZETA, P. P. (Mineral Technology Center); AGUIAR, M. C. (UENF)
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Abstract: In 2016, the ornamental stones production in Brazil was of 9,300,000 tons. The ornamental stones wastes are a growing concern in the country, due to the amount of material generated and your destination. As there are a wide variety of rocks and different technologies there is the need for characterization of waste, especially the environmental characterization. In recent years there has been major change in the use of technologies for stone sawing, where almost 50% of the materials are sawn with the multiwire technology. The objective of the present work was to the environmental characterization of ceramics with ornamental stones waste from processing the blocks in multiwire. The waste was characterized before your incorporation in ceramics. Were used the waste and the clay in the proportion of 25 and 75%, respectively, for the preparation of the ceramic body. Specimens were fabricated by uniaxial press-molding at 20 MPa, dried and sintered at 1030°C. The following properties were determined: linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural rupture strength. Were realized leaching and solution tests for characterization of ceramic residue. According to the parameters analyzed, the stones residue studied was classified as inert not and the ceramic material with 25% of waste as inert. This result shows that the use of waste in ceramic can be an alternative to the use of stones waste and consequently reducing the environmental impact.
Keywords: waste, ceramic, environmental impact
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Challenges in the Integrated Management of Health and the Environment: The Case of a University Campus
Z. A. I. Miranda (SENAC)
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Abstract: In this article we can see the experience of the implantation and certification of an Environment Management System in a different atmosphere from the usual undertakers atmosphere. This is the Santo Amaro Campus of the SENAC University Center , settled in an area of approximately 120 thousand square meters, which has 21 undergraduate courses and 7 graduate, in the health and environment areas, fashion and art, hotel management and tourism, exact sciences and design. Almost 4.000 people, among pupils, employees and teachers, 1/4 of this total is renewed during the year, this fact brings an additional difficulty to be certain that there will be a good level of participation and knowledge of these people.
The Ecoefficiency Program was created by SENAC/SP in 2002, with the purpose of committing all its 60 units to the environment, beyond its formal obligations of attending legal rules.
2005 was the beginning of the implantation of the SGA of the Campus, with the direct participation of 14 people, among directors, employees, teachers and pupils. In December of 2006 the campus concluded an exhaustive and well succeeded process of audit, as a way to guarantee its adjustment to the settled rules. The examined case presents peculiarities and changes relative to the usual processes of implementation and certification of environment management systems which are identified and discussed in this article. It is detachable that the adopted model anticipates 3 certification levels, with the purpose and growing, complexity, attending to a NBR ISO 14001:2004, and incorporating components of health and occupational security, creating an integrated management system.
It was decided that to begin the certification process at once required the level II, because of the complexity of its activities and by the necessity to incorporate the participation of the pupils to give credibility to the SGA.
Keywords: Environment management, auditing, certification
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Challenges of Inter-Municipal Public Sector Consortia in the Management of Solid Residue in Brazil: Case Study of Public Sector Consortia Santa Tereza Valley - ConVALE and Serra Dourada Valley – VALEcon
MARTINS L. F.; AGUIAR, V. F. S. (PUC-GO); ASSUNÇÃO, S. G. S. (PUC-GO/UFG)
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Abstract: This paper studies the challenges of federal entities interested in constituting public sector consortia with a proposal to solve issues related to solid residues in Brazil, following the requirements by the National Policy on Solid Waste. This analysis was based on a case study regarding public sector consortia: the Inter-municipal Consortium of Santa Tereza Valley – ConVALE– constituted by municipalities of Santa Tereza (state of Goiás) – Trombas , Formoso, and Montividiu do Norte; and the Inter-municipal Consortium of Serra Dourada Valley (state of Tocantins) – VALECon – constituted by municipalities of Paranã – Palmeirópolis, Jaú do Tocantins, and São Salvador do Tocantins. Our analyses, researches, interviews and training course led us to conclude that the development of regional solidarity, the formation of paradigms through investments in professional training, the service of consulting and training managers would solve the major problems in public sector consortia.
Keywords: Public sector consortia, solid residues, National Policy on Solid Waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Challenges of Teaching Corporate Environmental Management in Brazil: The “5 Ls”
C. J. C. Jabbour (USP-FEARP)
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Abstract: Teaching corporate environmental management (CEM) is fundamental for the
education of more responsible students. We analyzed the main challenges for CEM
in Brazil from the viewpoint of teachers. Results indicate five types of barriers for
teaching CEM, denoted here as the “5 Ls”, namely a lack of integration of other
teachers in the teaching of CEM, a lack of acceptance of CEM as a subject by the
peers teachers, a lack of focus on business while teaching CEM, a lack of CEM
teaching materials appropriate for the realities of Brazil and a lack of interest
among some students in CEM.
Keywords: Corporate Environmental Management, Brazil, Education for Business, Environmental
Management
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Characteristics of Environmental Management Systems in the Construction Industry
CAMPOS, L. M. S.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; CARVALHO, D. N.; BORNIA, A. C.; SANTOS, T. H. S.; SPENASSATO, D. (UFSC); SELIH, J. (University of Ljubljana-Slovenia)
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Abstract: The managers seek to implement policies, procedures
and techniques for managing the environmental
impacts of business activities, which requires a systemic view. Environmental issues can no longer be
treated in isolation; they integrate a system that
requires planning, implementation and continuous
improvement, demonstrating the importance of adopting Environmental Management Systems. The
study of the construction sector is crucial as it allows the operation and expansion of other industries,
but the environmental impacts that construction generates should be considered. This article aims to
present the theoretical basis for preparation of items to be answered by the project participants of
International Cooperation: Brazil, Slovenia. This project was signed between Santa Catarina Federal
University and Santa Maria Federal University (Brazilian institutions), and by University of Ljubljana
(Slovenian institution), which aims to conduct a comparative study of the construction industry in
Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazilian states) and Slovenia, from the standpoint of
environmental management and ways to implement Environmental Management Systems. Regarding
research methods, we proceeded to review the literature focusing on environmental management in
construction. The first group of items aims to identify the profile of the respondent company, the
second group of items is relative to the Quality Management System (although the aim of the paper is
the Environmental Management System, it appears that there is the tendency of companies having ISO
9001 certification seek ISO 14001), the third group
of items deals with issues related to the
Environmental Management System. The preparation of
the questionnaire came from a survey of
literature, identifying the motivators and barriers to implementation of Environmental Management
Systems, among the barriers listed for the respondent are: Lack of pressure from the government, lack
of customer support, High costs for deployment, out
sourcing creates problems in implementation, lack
of technology, complex documentation, lack of support from employees, Weak environmental culture
among competitors, lack of initiative among firms in the segment. Among the barriers are: Standardization of procedures for environmental management, social recognition (improvement of
company image), increase the environmental awareness of contractors and construction sites cleaner.
The concern with the implementation of Environmental Management Systems is notorious, surpassing
market issues and become an important competitive advantage. Finally, the standards of ISO 14001
do not require of the organization an optimal level
of environmental performance, but help it to achieve their own environmental goals.
Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Management System, ISO 14001, Quality Management System, ISO 9001
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Characterization of Brazilian Red Mud (Bauxite Refinery Residues) and Assessment its Properties for Futures Applications
M. L. P. Antunes, F. T. da Conceição, G. R. B. Navarro (UNESP)
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Abstract: Aluminum is an abundant element in the Earth. In contemporaneous World it has huge
application and it is very important to economy. However, Production of aluminum is
associated with the generation of red mud as the major waste material. Its disposal remains
an issue of great importance with environmental concerns. The alternative is find and
develop red mud applications. Its applications depend on its properties. This way, the
present work aimed to characterize the Brazilian red mud and after heat treatment by
different techniques (granulometric analysis, powder X-Ray diffraction, thermal analyses, gas
adsorption – BET, transmission electron microscopy analyses and ICP analyses). The Heat
treatment of red mud increases the surface area which can promote adsorption applications.
With heating of red mud, the quantity of iron oxide increases. This allows other application to
red mud as coagulant, catalyst or Fenton reagent. The heat treatment enables new
applications for red mud.
Keywords: Red mud, aluminium, thermal analysis, characterization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Characterization of Organic Coffee in Mexico
LOPEZ, F. M.; VILLAR, G. H. L. (UFSCar)
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Abstract: Organic agriculture, considered by many researchers as sustainable by their production processes and their environmental advantages, as being opposed to using technological packages of the Green Revolution - use of transgenic seeds, high use of Agrochemicals, loans with high interest rates, peasants exclusion of markets and their traditional knowledge of crop management -. In rising from organic agriculture, either it creates new specialized marketing channels, by direct purchase of the property or by retailers and processor networks; however expectations of participating in the international market were slim to none. In this sense, certifying bodies create conditions to include the products of small producers in international market and create trust with consumers. The Mexican organic coffee is a good example of the organic production incentive policies and as organizations working on certifications, as is the case of Unión Ejidos de la Selva. However, it is necessary to generate information on current standards of certification and specialized public policies in organic production. The objective of this paper is to present certification of organic product models and how the Mexican organic coffee is within the international market. For the preparation of this work, were performed bibliographic research on the organic handling procedures, certifications, certifying bodies and the Mexican public policy specialized in organic production. Some data were obtained by the authors in 2013 at the professional residence in the Unión Ejidos de la Selva organization
Keywords: Unión Ejidos de la Selva, Production Clean, Ley organic products, Organic Agriculture
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Characterization of Resultant Effluent of the Washing Process of Plastic Film Evaluating Treatment Application for Electrolytic Process
ORSI, M. C. V. L. (UNESP/FATEC); MANCINI, S. D.; LESSA, S. S.; GONÇALVES, L. B. F. (UNESP)
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Abstract: The water is a fundamental component for the process of raw material preparing for recycling plastic post-consumer, for participate as element of removing debris and dross that contaminate the raw material matrix used.
The present work aims characterize the water washing of one recycler of plastic type film (bags) to estimate
increments and pollutants as a general form to gross water, through the parameters indicators of characteristics
physic-chemical, relating the influence of plastic
volume prepared for recycling with solid volume. These results
will serve as a basis for preparatory estimate of removal these solids through the application for electrolytic
process, considering the effluent characteristics before the process and after the electrolytic process.
Keywords: Treatment, water resources, recycling, film
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Characterization of Soil Mixtures and Waste Foundry Sand
CARDOSO, S. M.; MACEDO, G. A.; SARRO, W. S.; FERREIRA, G. C. S.; SILVA, V. P. A.; PEREIRA, R. S. (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: The application of waste in several areas of the productive sector demands urgency in the application of sustainability concepts. Waste Foundry Sand (WFS), used for the granulometric stabilization of clay soils, is one of the residues with promising results to overcome the demand for reuse and sustainability in the transportation sector. This experimental work studies soil mixtures + WFS with the objective of verifying physical characteristics and mechanical behavior, aiming the application in structural layers of flexible pavements. Therefore, granulometry, plasticity, ultrasound and unconfined axial compression tests were performed. We conclude that the incorporation of up to 40% of ADF is indicated to compose the layers of base and sub-base of paving, besides the ultrasound technique is a promising tool for technological control of compacted soils.
Keywords: Geotechnics, technological control, solid waste, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Characterization of Textile Effluent Treated by Adsorption with Residual Adsorbent Generated in the Aluminum Industry
ROSSI, T. R.; TANAKA Y. H.; CANO, V.; ANDRADE, H.; MIYADAL, C. A. G.; NOLASCO, M.; COSTA, S. M.; COSTA, S. A. (USP)
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Abstract: The textile industry uses large quantities of synthetic dyes in the process of textile processing. The generation of non-fixed dye in the textile substrates contributes to the pollution of the effluents. In order to comply with the legislation and strategies of Cleaner Production, the textile industries have been looking for sustainable alternatives for the treatment of effluents. A poorly exploited but potentially adsorbent material for the removal of color from textile effluents is the residue generated in the oil filtration process used in the lamination of aluminum sheets. For the textile industry to use this residue, an assessment of the characterization of their behavior becomes necessary. A textile effluent composed of 3BL solophenyl red dye and chemical additives commonly used by the textile industry was used. The experiments were performed in batch, adding 20 g of the residue and 500 mL of the effluent. The pH was adjusted to 4 with HCl, and the reaction was kept under stirring at 300 rpm for 30 minutes. The effluent was filtered through Buckner's funnel, centrifuged and the recovered liquid was evaluated for absorbance at 280 and 531 nm, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and anions. The results showed that the pH of the treated effluent did not change during the adsorption process. The reduction of the absorbance at 280 nm shows a possible reduction of the aromatic compounds and the absorbance at 531 nm indicated 95% of the color removal of the effluent color. The COD of the effluent treated in relation to the raw effluent showed a reduction of 64.1%. In terms of ions measured in the treated effluent, it was observed an increase in chloride and sulphate ion contents and a reduction of phosphate ions in relation to the effluent. It can be concluded that the adsorbent generated from the waste studied from aluminum industry may be an adsorbent used to treat effluents in textile industry. The increase of sulfate ions in the effluent treated by the adsorbent raises the need for future studies that demonstrate the potential of reuse of the treated water.
Keywords: adsorbent, textile industry, aluminum industry, textile effluent, waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Presentation]
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Characterization of Waterworks Sludge and Coal Ashes Aiming its Use in Manufacture of Brick
M. V. da Silva, D. A. Fungaro (IPEN/CNEN-SP)
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Abstract: Sludge from treatment water Brazilian plant station are, frequently, disposed and launched
directly in the water bodies, causing a negative impact in the environment. Also, fly ash is
produced by burning of coal in coal-fired power stations and is the industrial solid waste
most generated in southern Brazil: approximately 4 million tons/y. Efficient disposal of coal
fly ash is an issue due to its massive volume and harmful risks to the environment.
The present work is being developed with the objective of evaluating the viability of the use
of the sludge of the treatment water plant stations along with the coal ashes to manufacture
bricks. Samples of fly ashes from a cyclone filter from a coal-fired power plant located at
Figueira County in Paraná State, Brazil and waterworks sludge of Terra Preta County in São
Paulo State, Brazil, were used in the study. The materials were characterized by chemical
analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, morphological analysis and granulometric
analysis. Fly ash-sludge and fly ash-sludge-soil-cement bricks were molded and tested,
according to the Brazilians Standards. None of the bricks produced in the studied conditions
has attended the requirements of the Brazilian norms of quality of compressive strength.
Keywords: Coal Ashes, Waterworks Sludge, Brick
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Chemical Characterization and Minerals of Roasted Pyrite Ash of an Abandoned Sulphuric Acid Production Plant
CIVEIRA, M. S. RAMOS, C. G., TAFFAREL, S. R., KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (Centro Universitário La Salle)
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Abstract: The obtention of sulphurgenerte a hematite-rich waste, known as roasted pyrite ash, which contains significant amounts of environmentally sensitive elements in variable concentrations and modes of occurrence. Whilst the mineralogy of roasted pyrite ash associated with iron or copper mining has been studied, as this is the main source of sulphur worldwide, the mineralogy, and more importantly, the characterization of submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles, in coal-derived roasted pyrite ash remain to be resolved. In this work we provide essential data on the chemical composition and nanomineralogical assemblage of roasted pyrite ash. XRD, HR-TEM and FE-SEM were used to identify a large variety of minerals of anthropogenic origin. These phases result from highly complex chemical reactions occurring during the processing of coal pyrite of southern Brazil for sulphur extraction and further manufacture of sulphuric acid. Iron-rich submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles within the ash may contain high proportions of toxic elements such as arsenic, selenium, uranium, among others. A number of elements, such as arsenic, cromium, copper, cobalt, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, strontium, titanium, zinc, and zirconium, were found to be present in individual nanoparticles and submicron, ultrafine and nanominerals (e.g. oxides, sulphates, clays) in concentrations of up to 5%. The study of nanominerals in roasted pyrite ash from coal rejects is important to develop an understanding on the nature of this by-product, and to assess the interaction between emitted nanominerals, ultra-fine particles, and atmospheric gases, rain or body fluids, and thus to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of pyrite ash materials.
Keywords: Coal rejects, sulphuric acid production, nanomineral impacts, potentially hazardous element
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Chemical Footprint of Brazil: A Case of Study of Dioxins and Furans
SIMÕES, P. H. B. (Lisam Ecoadvisor Systems/UNIP - Brazil), GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP - Brazil)
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Abstract: Dioxins and Furans are part of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) with high potential to cause harmful impacts to humans and the environment. Considering that life quality is negatively affected by the presence of these substances into the environment, this paper calculates the potential damages to human health based on the USEtox risk model and the Brazilian inventory of Dioxins and Furans. The potential damage to health is indicated by the chemical footprint of the Brazilian states, which is associated with geographic and demographic characteristics of each region. The total calculated impact score for Brazil is 621 DALY, the state of São Paulo (SP) is the first in the ranking with 27% of the calculated impact, followed by Minas Gerais with 16%, Rio de Janeiro with 12%, Espirito Santo with 10%, Pará with 7%, Paraná with 4%, Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso with 3% each. These eight states concentrate 80% of the impacts caused by Dioxin and Furan emissions. The impact score indicates the potential impacts on human health and is an alternative reference for ordering the emission source categories and can aid in decision making for public policies. The impact scores based on the population ISUFpercapita, the Gross Domestic ISUF$, and the area ISUFkm² show a significant variation when comparing the ranking of each indicator, and it is possible to use them jointly or individually to compare the chemical footprint of the states.
Keywords: LCIA, Chemical Footprint, Dioxins and Furans, USEtox.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Circular Economy and Bioeconomy: How Are They Related?
FARIA, E. O.; CALDEIRA-PIRES, A. (UnB - Brazil)
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Abstract: Given the consensus on the urgency of environmental issues and growing concern about the scarcity of natural resources, new models related to sustainable development have been proposed. Thus, the general objective of this article is to analyze how two of these concepts that permeate sustainability — Circular Economy and Bioeconomy — have been combined in the scientific literature. It also aims to identify how biorefineries are part of this context. In order to reach the proposed objective, it was decided to use the systematic literature review procedure following the protocol proposed by Cronin, Ryan, and Coughlan (2008), from Scopus database. Besides synthesizing knowledge about this subject, the article highlights the characteristics of the studies (temporal distribution of publications, main journals, major themes addressed, authors and their respective countries), as well as methodological aspects, main initiatives and programs, and the actors involved. The results showed that although the first studies date from 2016, the increasing interest of researchers in the subject is evident. The recent initiatives of Circular Economy and Bioeconomy formulated by the European Union in 2012 and 2015 and the United States National Bioeconomy Blueprint are policies guiding the actions of the countries that have published most about these subjects. As for the methods of analysis, there is a domain of the LCA method (Life Cycle Assessment) in the studies that deal with the environmental impacts of the productive processes. From the analysis of the network created by the most recurrent keywords, it was possible to perceive a greater centrality and strength around the term Circular Economy, and the second keyword with the greatest prominence is Bioeconomy, which reinforces the relation of complementarity of the approaches. Finally, studies point to the need for cooperation between the scientific community, private companies, government, and society to establish an effective environmental policy based on the principles of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy.
Keywords: Circular Economy, Bioeconomy, Biorefinery, Sustainability, Systematic Literature Review.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Circular Economy Yesterday and Today: A Bibliometric Analysis
DEUS, R. M. (UNESP); SAVIETTO, J. P.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP); BATTISTELLE, R. A. G. (UNESP)
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Abstract: Sustainability remains a significantly debated issue for both post-industrialized and industrialized countries, many of which are still in the early stages of sustainable development. Circular economy comes as a model to drive towards sustainability because material flows are like biological cycles, that is, products are designed and planned for a cyclical metabolism through the generation of value. Thus, this article aims to evaluate the current state of the art, based on bibliometric tools and discusses the role of the circular economy in the scientific literature in the past and present. We concluded that the topic of the circular economy is still emerging, that is, since 2006, articles on this subject have been published in the Web of Science database, and since then it has grown steadily. Several countries have issued on the subject; however, China has been highlighted both regarding publication and citation impact. The main institution with the best indicators of production is the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Journal of Cleaner Production is the main journal with 25.6% of all publications, being the bridge between all the others journals since it has the main publications. The circular economy has much to develop, especially in Latin America, which has a low representation of a subject of such importance.
Keywords: Circular Economy, Bibliometrics, Systematic review
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cities Characteristics Impact in GHG Emissions
DURAN JR., L. J.; PACCA, S. A. (USP)
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Abstract: Despite technology progress, world per capita energy demand is increasing. Relying mostly on fossil fuel sources, energy production and consumption causes environmental impacts and contributes to climate change. Almost 75% of the world's energy is consumed in the urban environment. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of energy consumption in cities enables effective mitigation actions. Based on an adapted STIRPAT model, this work analyzes the relationships between characteristics of ten Brazilian cities with CO2 emissions related to direct energy consumption. Model’s results indicate that population is the most important driver for emissions (elasticity, coefficient 0.996), followed by residential emissions (0.846), and direct energy consumption (0.481). It is verified that population affluence (0.161) and electricity generation emission factors (0.017) also contribute positively to increasing emissions. Amongst the modeled variables, just technological advance (-0.216) and increasing of the attractions points density (-0.018) contribute to CO2 emissions reduction. It is concluded that public policies, such as energy security, the use of renewable sources and the encouragement for decentralization, such as increasing attractions points, are alternatives to CO2 emissions reduction.
Keywords: cities, emissions, energy, planning, modeling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects and Generation of Clean Technologies in Brazil
C. Andrade (UFBA); A. Costa (UFBA); L. Nápravnik-Filho (UNIFACS); A. C. Telésforo (UFBA); A. Ventura (UFBA)
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Abstract: One of the Kyoto Protocol’s innovations was stipulating mechanisms that aim at the
cooperation among countries to mitigate the climate change. Only the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) makes the participation of developing countries possible. The article’s goal
is to evaluate the contribution of Brazilian CDM projects related to the Energy Industries for
the generation of clean technologies. From the analysis of the 37 projects that had received
carbon credits up to 2007, it is possible to conclude that this contribution remains incipient:
only 3% of them could be characterized by the development of clean technologies focused on
cleaner production. Thus, considering that clean technology and cleaner production are the
most adequate environmental strategies to reach a sustainable development, it is not
possible to affirm that these 37 Brazilian CDM projects are effectively contributing for this
target. So, the analysis of the Brazilian projects related to the Energy Industries reveal that,
at least in Brazil, CDM is far from achieving the fundamental purpose of minimizing the
global warming via the stimulation of a cleaner development model relied on the cooperation
among countries.
Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), clean technologies, cleaner production, brazilian
energy industries
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Prospects for Production of Bioelectricity by the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry
CLAUDINO, E. S. (UFGD); REIS, J. G. M. (UNIP/UFGD)
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Abstract: The Bioelectricity is the most recent and promising product of Brazilian agribusiness. The new activity, the importance of which was recognized in recent years in the Brazilian scenario, is far removed from conventional industry standard for production, ie, requires new forms of knowledge and management before little used, especially in agricultural industry. Thus, through an exploratory research this paper aimed to identify the current situation in the Brazilian cogeneration plants identifying the potential for energy generation from all Brazilian plants and possible opportunities for creation of certificates for Clean Development Mechanism projects in the sector. As conclusions can be observed that the current technological capacity to generate bioelectricity from sugarcane bagasse is in the initial stage, but with potential to increase installed capacity.
Keywords: CDM, sugarcane industry, sustainability, biomass, energy, cogeneration
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Clean Energy or Coal, Jobs and Displaced Carbon Emissions at Any Cost? Assessing Australia’s Brown Coal v. Solar-Produced Liquid Hydrogen Exports to Japan
HANCOCK, L.; RALPH, N. (Deakin University - Australia)
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Abstract: In a world shifting to a new global low carbon energy system and economy, renewable energy (RE) generation by Australia for export to its Asian neighbors could be part of a new renewables-driven political economy. We explore the complexities of energy exports and the tensions between the use of fossil fuels versus renewables for energy exports. We first outline Australia’s potential in the transition to renewables and its current national energy policy paralysis. The Australian government has entered into an agreement to export hydrogen to Japan in a purposebuilt Japanese shipping fleet. However, the agreement is based on using lignite (brown) coal from the ailing Gippsland mining industry. The comparison of solar versus coal-produced liquid hydrogen exports to Japan is assessed against seven lenses or filters: the public interest ‘No-net-detriment to Australian consumers’ test; Australia’s Paris 2015 carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction commitment; other environmental impacts such as production-related emissions and embedded energy in shipping infrastructure; socio/political national benefits to GDP; impact on Australia’s energy security; socio/political assessment of impact on Australia’s energy-related foreign policy and Australia-Japan relations; and the way that using coal to generate hydrogen for export to Japan undermines Australia’s commiment to the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Keywords: Liquid hydrogen, lignite coal, solar hydrogen generation, hydrogen exports to Japan, UN SDGs, product life cycle emissions.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Clean Technologies (Bio-Fertilizers) Alternative to Urea for Production of Basil in and Out of Season
C. Cabanillas, D. Stobbia, A. Ledesma (National University of Córdoba-Argentina)
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Abstract: The growth in the use of pesticides and fertilizers which cause pollution of surface and
belowground water, soil, air, flora, fauna and produce negative effects on the health of the
population, has increased interest in clean technologies like bio-fertilizers. In the context of
sustainable agriculture, the objective of this research is assess the effects of different biofertilizers
(vermicompost) and urea in the production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) variety
Catamarca INTA (wide leaf) in and out of season. The seeds were sown in the greenhouse in
March (out of season) and in October (in season). The treatments used were: vermicompost
from bovine ruminal content 50%:50% soil (LCR), vermicompost from rabbit manure
50%:50% soil (LEC), urea 100 kg/ha and the soil (control). Completely randomized design
was applied with three repetitions and thirty plants per treatment. The variables were
analyzed by ANOVA and the mean comparison was performed by Fisher LSD (p<0.05). The
results indicate that the variables are significantly increased in season: the number of leaves
and branches are greater and is double the height and aerial fresh weight, of the root and
the total fresh weight, and aerial dry weight are fourfold greater while the total dry weight,
of the root and leaf area produced three times the amount produced out of season. The
time-substrate interaction was highly significant for height. In both seasons it can be
observed the highly beneficial effects of vermicompost than the ones achieved with urea and
control, but urea station has a more favorable effect than the control. In season the LEC
performs better in terms of the number and area of leaves and chlorophyll content compared
to LCR. In both periods, the use of vermicompost produces better results due to its effects
on all production variables. These clean technologies are a sustainable alternative to the
application of urea in the production of basil both in and out of season.
Keywords: Clean technology, biofertilizers, vermicompost, basil, production
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Cleaner Energy Production and Sustainable Investments: A Portfolio Analysis in the Italian Electricity Market
CUCCHIELLA, F.; GASTALDI M.; TROSINI M. (University of L'Aquila, Italy)
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Abstract: The recent climate change, global warming, environmental disasters and the economic crisis are only the first signs of the failure of an economic system that, for too long, shows an uncontrolled utilization of the planet wealth. The Italian electricity market, which is strongly dependent on hydrocarbons, only in recent years has seen a first attempt to change towards renewable resources for electricity production aimed at self-consumption and for feeding into the grid. This paper presents an economic analysis whose purpose is to evaluate the sustainability of investments in renewable technologies for the production of electricity. Each renewable source has its own profitability dependent on a number of factors and subject to market fluctuations, cost and frequent changes on the incentive policies. Applying Portfolio Theory is it possible to select the right mix of renewable energy sources to be included within the renewable energy balance and simulate its evolution. Moreover the presented analysis can be useful for energy planners to select future green scenarios finalized to the reduction of emissions and energy imports through the increasing use of renewable energy.
Keywords: Renewable Energy Sources, Portfolio Analysis, Sustainability, Sharpe Index
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Cleaner Machining Through a Toolholder with Internal Cooling
L. E. A. Sanchez, V. L. Scalon, G. G. C. Abreu (UNISC)
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Abstract: This work treats of a cooling system for cutting tool in turning based in a toolholder with
cooling fluid flowing inside its body being that this fluid must necessarily be able to phase
change due to heat generated from machining processes. In this way the fluid evaporates
just under the cutting tool allowing a heat transfer more efficient than if were used a fluid
without phase change once the latent heat of evaporation is beneficial for removal heat.
Following, the cooling fluid evaporated passes through a condenser located out of the
toolholder where it is condensated and returns to the toolholder again and a new cycle is
started. In this study the R-123, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) fluid, was selected for
the turning of a Cr-Ni-Nb-Mn-N austenitic steel of hard machinability. As result, the
developed system allows a tool life equal to or better than the conventional cutting fluid
method, moreover there are environmental and economics advantages once the cooling fluid
is maintained in a loop circuit.
Keywords: Turning, internal cooling, dry machining, tool life, coolant fluid
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Cleaner Production and Aspects of National Policy of Solid Waste in the Clothing Manufacturer Sector
BIERMANN, M. J. E. (PUC-RS)
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Abstract: It is estimated that Brazil annually manages more than 8,000 tons of waste originated from the clothing industry, of which more than 80% may be irregularly arranged in landfills and dumps. The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) requires a change of this scenario by establishing management tools for all waste generated in productive and service sectors. The proposal brings ambitious goals for public and private managers for non-generation and proper disposal of waste at all stages of the production process. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the Cleaner Production (CP) can contribute to the development of a culture that seeks elimination, reduction and reuse of scraps generated in the clotting industry, with actions that encourage efficiency in the production process. Unlike traditional management methods that focus on stocks of generated waste, the CP seeks improvements in the process itself, increasing the potential for reducing the generation of waste and minimizing the amount to be allocated. Implementation of Cleaner Production in seven (7) Clothing industries in the state of Paraná reduced around 12% of the generation and the possible re-use of up to 100% patchwork generated in the industrial process, exceeding the goals established by PNRS.
Keywords: Sustainability. Process. Textile. Environmental Indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production and Environmental Aspects in Sugar-alcohol Industries
R. P. Alvarenga; T. R. Queiroz (UNESP-Tupã)
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Abstract: The sugar-alcohol sector can provide an important form of production with an efficient and
environmentally correct. The problem of burning the straw of the cane for hand made
harvest is already near-end. The law that puts an end to the burns, the current advance in
the agro-mechanization and the increasing technological advancement of the cane
harvesters are contributing in a systematic way to eliminate the problem of pollution from
carbon dioxide. The management model used by the Cleaner Production of sugar mills and
alcohol is not always what actually characterizes what happens in many sugar-alcohol
industries. Moreover, the production of electric energy made by the sugar cane bagasse, the
way of waste bagasse and filter sediments released to the environment weakened the
production really clean. These are released to the ground often disregard the ability of the
soil behaves.
Keywords: Sugar-alcohol Industries, sediments emission, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production and Environmental Management as a Sustainable Product Innovation Antecedents: A Survey in Brazilian Industries
SEVERO, E. A.; GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (IMED); DORION, E. C. H. (UCS)
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Abstract: Cleaner production(CP) methods and environmental management practices are tools that strive for production process efficiency, the use of its input and the generation of industrial waste. These tools can significantly contribute to sustainable product innovation, due to the rational use of natural resources and the minimization of generated wastes. This study aims to measure the relations between the conditions for sustainable product innovation, considering the constructs of CP and environmental management. It alsoexamines the relationship between sustainable conditions and product innovation and financial performance as well as the size of the moderating effect of the companies on the relationship between the constructs. In this context, a Survey in 762 companies of different sizes was carried out in the metal-mechanic sector in Brazil. Structural Equation Modelingmethods were used for results analysis.The results show that the constructs of CP and environmental management are important antecedents for sustainable product innovation, and relevant mediator of financial performance. Accordingly, the way for companies to produce new environmentally sustainable products is through the presence of cleaner production and environmental management practices. For the academic field, the make-up of a framework for the analysis of the relations of the categories constitutes the main contribution, as well as providing management information to decide on the implementation of sustainability programs, resulting in higher financial gains through product innovations sustainable.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Environmental management, Innovation sustainable product, Financial performance, Brazilian Industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability: Case of a Plastic Industry in Serra Gaúcha
J. C. F. Guimarães (FTSG), E. A. Severo, E. Dorion, P. M. Olea (UCS)
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Abstract: Given the large consumption of natural resources, environmental impacts, the organizations
have been incorporating into their strategies the concept of sustainability. Today, the
organizations are becoming the object of new expectations about their responsibilities to
society as agents that dispose of financial and technological resources to solve with more
agility, decisiveness and direction environmental problems. Cleaner Production (CP)
incorporates technological, economic and environmental processes, products and services in
order to increase efficiency in the use of inputs and raw materials to reduce waste, nongeneration,
minimization and recycling of waste generation, providing economic and
environmental benefits. The most important aspect of CP is that it requires not only
technological improvement, but the application of know-how and a change in management
behavior. These three factors together are what makes the difference compared to other
techniques related to production processes. The objective of this research is to examine the
results obtained by the implementation of CP in production processes in a plastic industry of
the Serra Gaúcha. The current case produces accessories for the furniture industry and
construction, is active on the national and international markets for about fifty-six years. In
implementing a CP strategy, the company has developed a new process for producing a
polystyrene handle. From this case study, a qualitative research was executed and the
results show a reduction of 90.3% of the waste of raw materials and other contaminants, as
well as a reduction in production costs by 36,4% of the polystyrene handle. Another
improvement from the CP process occurred in the substitution of materials for the painting of
handles through the use of new technologies, causing a 60% reduction in loss of material in
use, and a 9.6% reduction in acquisition costs inputs for the painting. Furthermore, it is
noteworthy to mention that in addition to CP practices, the company treats all its effluents
and wastes from the production process, contributing to the economic and environmental
sustainability of the organization.
Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, plastic industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production and Ergonomics: a case of waste minimization and improvement of work conditions
E. C. Batiz; S. M. Alves; O. Gallo (SOCIESC); A. J. de Souza (Whirlpool)
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Abstract: This paper was made in a thermal treatment area, in salt bath oven of an enterprise of North of Santa Catarina. Its goal was to determinate the factors that influence waste generation of salt used in process. It was observed that the mean cause of wastefulness is the position which the workers are obligated to adopt due to pre-determinate procedure, as well, the layout and tools used. The impossibility of workers to maintain the workpiece draining of salt inside of oven, due to weight, tool characteristics and the area conditions causes an additional worker position problem. With direct observation technique, mo, filming, pictures and spaghetti diagram it was verified that due to layout the workers walk 430 m daily and this is one of the causes of salt quantity that is wasted. This quantity is around 2.1 ton/year. With use of ergonomic and cleaner production principles the detected problem of worker position could be eliminated, as well as the unnecessary passage of workers and workpieces. It was proven the existence of strong synergy between ergonomic and cleaner production. Also both can be applied to improve the environment and to preserve the health, as well, to guarantee the workers safety.
Keywords: Work conditions, waste minimization, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production and Innovative Processes for an Industry of Re-Manufacturing Automotive Plastic Parts in Hermosillo, Sonora
MUNGUIA, N. E.; POOM, T. G.; VELAZQUEZ, L. E.; ESQUER, J. (UNISON-Mexico)
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Abstract: Currently, industries are required to include best practices in order to reduce the impact of their activities with
their environment. The nature
of the production process of industry will be the determining factor in efforts to
prevent pollution. So making a precise characterization of the process is an essential part for cleaner production.
This work, with this recognition, aims to propose a program of cleaner production and pollution prevention in a remanufacturing industry of automotive plastic parts in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, this program is based on the
eight steps of
a
Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook, taking place within the
period of May to December 2012.
During the development of this research was detected the existence of environmental and occupational risks.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis was made for the assessment of these, in order to broaden the scope of
understanding. Increase the scope of the project is recommended in order to take advantage of the corporate
interest in improving their practices due to the importance of achieving a greater competitiveness on terms of
sustainability.
Keywords: Cleaner production, pollution prevention, industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Cleaner Production and Product Life Cycle Design of the Upholstered Furniture in the State of Alagoas, Brazil
A. Rapôso (UFBA-IFAL), A. Kiperstok, S. F. César (UFBA)
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Abstract: This paper presents some results concerning environmental and organizational aspects obtained
from analysis of the manufacture processes of upholstered furniture in the Furniture Cluster in
the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The methodology is based on concepts of Pollution Prevention and
Cleaner Production. The data were collected through interviews with employees and direct
observation in the local. The results indicate the need for advanced studies to identify possible
changes in the product and / or in the development process of upholstered furniture of that
cluster. The partial conclusions suggest a future application of Life Cycle Assessment on one of
upholstered furniture to improving the manufacturing efficiency through the cleaner
environmental practices.
Keywords: Cleaner production, product life cycle design, furniture production, upholstered furniture
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Application in a Wood Industry in Amazon State
B. G. Pereira (INPA); I. R. Neto (UCB); K. Yuyama (INPA);
H. G. Pereira (Kali-Umwelttechnik GmbH Sondershausen - Germany); C. L. P. de Matos (SEBRAE-AM)
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Abstract: This study shows the proposal of implantation of a Clear Production program (PmaisL) in the company Portela Industry and Commerce of Wood, located in Manaus-Am. Currently, the Portela company, wood floor producer for the external market, operates at 25% of its full capacity, due to difficulties acquiring legalized raw material. In this current situation, the practice of low cost PmaisL has been suggested, as well as the Sebrae-AM subsidy for the Technological Consulting Program, with economic and environmental benefits. Starting from the application of PmaisL methods and based on the opportunities identified, the option taken was to work on the improvement of operational practices in the wood drying sector, as it is directly related with quality control, besides this being the initial basic process for wood improvement. As an intervention proposal, an accompaniment timetable of temperature and humidity of the drying controller/programmer was created to be followed by an employee put in charge of this function. This measure generated a reduction of four days in heater drying time, with a 1,4% reduction in defective raw material, 50% reduction in water consumption in the heater, 25% in energy consumption, 25% in reuse of residues in the ovens, thus decreasing pollutant gases emission by 25%. Other generated benefits were the creation of a new job position, reduction of risks with burning equipment and accidents caused by lack of control and the increased drier yielding. The good acceptance of the PmaisL by the manager was due to it implying no cost for the company, therefore the implementation occurred by means of behavioural changes and insertion of procedures in the task assignments.
Keywords: Environment management, residues reduction in the source, good practical, wood company, Amazon
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production applied in the Pre-Printing and Printing Phases in a Graphical Industry
F. P. Canesin; M. B. P. dos Santos (UFF)
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Abstract: This work describes the implementation of Cleaner Production (CP) practices in a graphical industry located in the state of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil. Cleaner Production practices were put into practice in a six month period, consisting in phases and steps as established by UNEP. The production of two printed products was considered as study case: individual sheets with an annual production around 3.9 million, and books of 232 pages with an annual production around 12,600 units. Environmental diagnosis phase showed several opportunities for cleaner production in the pre-printing and printing phases related to water and energy consumption, solid waste reduction, effluents and emissions minimization. After implementing some CP practices, it was obtained a reduction of 37% on the effluent generation, 45% reduction in water consumption, and 45% reduction in plate solution reagent used. One of the main operational obstacles faced during CP practices implementation was related to a lack of budgetary forecast to implementation. Also, it was observed an organizational culture not fully directed towards an efficient resource use and the difficulty in implementing projects that generate expenditure increases.
Keywords: Cleaner Production Implementation, Graphical industry, Material reduction, Waste reduction
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Applied in Sealer Process of Paint Shop from an Automotive Company
L. Wiemes (FAMEC); U. Pawlowsky (UFPR)
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Abstract: In an automotive company, much kind of residues are generated diary. They are of the most
variety possible and have to be disposed properly too, according to the specifications that the
company has to follow. To study a specific process or residue it took much time and trained
people to evaluate the best way to avoid his generation.
Normally, the person responsible to realize this study is a technical or an engineer and as the
companies nowadays have greats dimensions and as the work realized in a department may
cause impacts in another it was decided and more convenient to create a work group to develop
and solve this problem.
The work described in this article was developed in a sealer process of an automotive paint shop
and the author’s presents here some of the steps adopted in cleaner production to reduce in the
process application: quantity of material applied, numbers of operations and quantity of residues
generated. A little discussion is elaborated at the end of the article and some considerations are
showed to diffuse the best practices identified in this company.
Keywords: Painting process, protection, residues
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Cleaner Production applied to the Hotel Sector
S. P. López; R. R. Rodríguez; S. L. Funes (Centro de Producción Más Limpia del Bajío - Mexico)
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Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Bajio Cleaner Production Center (Bajio CP Center) in its
project conducted jointly with the Tourism Development Secretariat (SEDETUR) and the
Guanajuato’s Environmental Protection Office (PROPAEG). The project called "Cleaner
Production - Clean Company" focused on the hotel sector in the major cities of the state of
Guanajuato. The objective of this project was to detect the potential savings in the use of
raw materials, water and energy, and also contribute to a productive efficiency and reduction
of operating costs of companies in this sector. In addition to the economic and environmental
benefits achieved by the Cleaner Production (CP) and Energy Efficiency (EE) Implementation,
PROPAEG joined efforts to design guidelines based on terms of reference for conducting
environmental audits in the state of Guanajuato, to complement the Cleaner Production
Diagnosis and Implementations. Therefore, under this scheme all the hotels that make a
Cleaner Production project can get the "Clean Company" Certificate issued by PROPAEG, so
in a single project the hotel can get environmental regulatory compliance, financial savings,
improves public image, increases competitiveness, minimizes negative environmental
impacts and the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy.
So far, 34 hotels in the cities of León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Silao and San Miguel de Allende
have participated in this project. Some of the results obtained are: awareness and training to
over 100 employees from the participating hotels, in terms of productive efficiency, pollution
control and pollution prevention. The detection of areas of opportunity in CP and EE in 34
hotels can lead to an estimated savings potential of $3 million of Mexican pesos (around
250,000 USD). The implementation of CP and EE at four different hotels is being translated
in a decrease in water consumption of 52,987 m3/year, a decrease in polyethylene bag of
1740 kg/year, a decrease of 1,532 l/year of liquid chemicals and 2,065 kg/year of solid
wastes. In regard to energy, there will be a decrease in diesel consumption of 5,790 l/year, a
decrease in the consumption of LP gas of 47,374 l/year and a reduction in electricity
consumption of 20,308 kWh; all this translated also in a decrease in CO2 emissions to the
atmosphere of about 135 ton/year. The economic benefits are savings for $ 1,191,300
pesos/year, with a required investment of about $ 218,592 pesos, which has a simple
recovery rate of 2 months. Also, 3 hotels obtained the "Clean Company" certificate with a
total compliance with environmental laws of the state of Guanajuato.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Guanajuato, hotels
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Cleaner Production as a Corporate Sustainability Tool: An Exploratory Discussion
H. C. D. Pimenta (IFRN), R. P. Gouvinhas (UFRN)
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Abstract: This study brings form an exploratory discussion on the CP as a corporate sustainability tool,
describing some subjects like sustainable development and cleaner production. These
subjects were investigated in studies conducted by several researchers and institutions from
Brazil and abroad. Thus, it was considering the three aspects of corporate sustainability,
corporate social responsibility (improving quality of life), eco-efficiency (optimizing natural
resources usage and reduction of pollutant burden considering the life cycle of products) and
competitive position. Thus, it is possible to associate CP as a tool to assist the promotion of
corporate sustainability, hence this tool allows continuously search for the environmental
efficiency of operations through optimizing of natural resources usage and eliminating waste,
improving the environment working by the elimination or minimization of risk to employees
and community, and change the consciousness of employees facing the environmental
problem, while allowing economic gains with the elimination of waste and risks, as well as
increased productivity. Thus, Cleaner Production can be considered a ‘win–win’ strategy, can
protect the environment, the consumer and the worker while also improving industrial
efficiency, profitability and competitiveness.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, corporate sustainability, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper] [Presentation (ENG)] [Presentation (POR)]
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Cleaner Production at an Environmental Agency: 15 Years of Experience at CETESB, Sao Paulo - Brazil
F. M. Ribeiro, J. W. F. Pacheco (CETESB)
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Abstract: The State of São Paulo concentrates about 40% of Brazilian industry, which although
conferred a large economic force to the state has also brought several environmental
challenges in its history. In order to ensure and improve the environmental quality, in 1968
the State government created CETESB, the São Paulo State Environmental Company, which
has served on permitting pollution sources, monitoring the environment and transferring
technology in its 40 years of existence. In 1996, CETESB made its first contacts with cleaner
production (CP) and since then has developed several initiatives to foster CP in the State.
This paper presents the main initiatives and the most relevant achievements, with emphasis
on the institutional development and the relationship improvement with industrial sectors
representatives, concluding with a brief view of the main prospects for the near future.
Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental agency, public policy, environmental regulation
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Cleaner Production Criteria and Project Management Maturity: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis in Brazilian Industries
GUIMARÃES, J. C. F.; SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); SENNA, P. (CEFET/RJ)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) is an important mean to systematic reduce losses of both product reuse and manufacturing processes. For the successful implementation of CP is essential to ensure effectiveness of factors that can influence this process, such as identification of used decision criteria together with an effective methodology for managing the implementation strategies of projects in order to reach the expected results. Based on the relevance of the themes, this research has the objective of measuring relationships and correlations between constructs criteria of CP, Project Management Maturity and Success CP, considering the moderating effect of Business size. This study tested 238 manufacturing industries. For the analysis and data interpretation we used the Structural Equation Modeling methodology, which was implemented by a descriptive research method. The survey results show relationships strength and correlations between the constructs, contributing to the research of CP as well as presenting a new research area that can support the assertiveness of management actions.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Decision criteria, Project Management Maturity, Brazilian Industry, Structural Equation Modeling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Evaluation System (SAPmaisl): Encouraging The Continuous Improvement
R. F. W. Neetzow; J. M. Oliveira (SENAI-RS); A. V. Souza (Apoio Consultoria)
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Abstract: This report presents the experience carried out for the development and validation of a
methodology based on the concepts of the Cleaner Production (CP) through a checking
system on the continuous improvement of the CP actions implemented by the companies,
with the aim to monitor and contribute for the reduction of the environmental impact
generated by them. The study was developed as the extent of a Project under the technical
coordination of Cleaner Technologies National Center – CNTL – at SENAI RS, with the
financial support by SENAI – National Department and the Regional Departments of the
states Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Twenty three (23)
companies took part on the study as pilot companies. The standard environmental
performance evaluation methodology was developed based on the concepts of the CP. The
norm worked out defined the following: the selection criteria of the companies to take part
on the pilot project, the requirements of the Cleaner Production Evaluation System (CPES)
which where verified by specialists, the certification steps in compliance to the CPES, the
goals, the conditions to make pre evaluations, the issue of the CPES Support Certificate, the
criteria used in order to reach the goals and the evidences to prove the compliance, the
evaluation criteria, how would the company be recommended, how would this
recommendation be validated, the expiring date of the certificate and how would the
evaluation cycles be. The pilot companies have defined three (3) Environmental Aspects
which were monitored during three (3) months, through Operational Performance Indicators.
After that, in each state a technical consultancy was made in order to adjust the companies,
with the aim to validate the methodology of Environmental Performance Evaluation, based
on the concepts of CP. A group of specialists was selected and trained to make
environmental performance evaluation at the companies, based on the concepts of CP. The
results were presented by the companies showing the environmental benefits and the
economic outcomes obtained. Finally, it was made a Verifying Auditory on the compliance of
the proposed goals by the trained specialists and the companies who showed the proposed
reductions received the CPES Approval Certificate and the CP Seal. This study presents as an
example the case study of a pilot company in RS that took part in the study.
Keywords: Indicators, cleaner production, environmental performance evaluation, environmental
performance indicator, operational performance indicator
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production for Rock Quarrying 'Campel Construções e Máquinas Pesadas LTDA'
PONTES, J. C.; SILVA, V. P. (IRFN); LIMA, V. L. A. (UFCG); NASCIMENTO, P. H. M. (IFRN)
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Abstract: At this turn of the century, several sectors of Brazilian industry still maintain investments in end-of-pipe control, when it should be in preventions, which would avoid or minimize pollution during the production. In the mineral sector, mainly in the mining operation, it still makes use of end-of-pipe technologies. Regarding the rock blasting operation using explosives, loading and transportation, numerous socio-environmental problems have been occurring as wastage and generation of residue throughout the operation process, affecting workers' quality of life, the well-being of communities and the surrounding environment. In this mineral sector, the environmental problems seems to be related to the fly rock, the vibrations, the wastes generated, the emission of dust and gases after the detonation, the increase of the noises, besides the visual and landscape alteration. Therefore, the present study aimed to propose the application of the cleaner production on the rock blasting in the rock quarry of Campel Construções e Máquinas Pesadas Ltda, located in Taipu-RN, aiming at the reduction of waste and the generation of residues. Proceeding the study, the following methodological procedures were used: survey of references, book reports and field research at the mentioned quarry. A diagnosis was made of the mining operation process, followed by the loading and transport phase of the disassembled material. The results of the study and the diagnosis of the situation in which the quarry is located in relation to the waste that has been generated in the phases of the mining operation. It is concluded that the application of cleaner production techniques: it will imply in optimizing the explosive load ratio in the rock blasting carried out in the quarry object of study, it can provide a greater efficiency in the productive process and decrease of the problems listed above, as well as, quality of life.
Keywords: Cleaner production. Pollution Prevention. Rock Blasting. Quarry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Implementation within Textile Industry: Economic and Environmental Benefits
H. C. D. Pimenta, R. P. Gouvinhas (IFRN)
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Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the environmental and economic benefits from the Cleaner
Production implementation within a furniture industry from Natal-RN. For this, an analysis
was made including operational and environmental aspects (process flow diagrams, inputs
and outputs information, mass balance, environmental aspect and impact analysis, waste
studies) and Feasibility analysis (technical, economic and environmental evaluation, select
options for implementation). According the results, it was possible to implement the three
levels of CP, through housekeeping practices (cutting and handling of chemicals);
technological modification (installation of a pressure washer with the printing of fabrics);
internal recycling and external recycling. Regarding economics, there was an annual savings
of R$ 55,946.96, making the company more productive and tend to become more
competitive.
Keywords: Cleaner production, operational and environmental adequacy, textile industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production in a Steel Industry
FISCHER, Y. R.; MELO, I. V.; SILVA, L. C. S. (UFPE)
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Abstract: This paper focuses on the efficiency of steel production process of a steel industry located in the Northeast of Brazil through the eyes of eco-efficiency that integrates the three aspects of sustainable development which are economic, environmental and social. Aims to analyze the critical inputs and residues from the point of view of industrial eco-efficiency according to the Cleaner Production program on your electric steelworks. It is work based on information obtained directly in the industry. Although steelworks (unit where it becomes pig iron or scrap in liquid steel) is one of the most critical units of the steel plant, where the slag is formed, which represents the largest amount of residue generated and the greatest financial waste, it was observed that the industry in question the use of slag as a co-product for the cement industry was the choice for process improvement. Considering that the scrap, pig iron and lime are the inputs with more expensive costs in steelworks, the process temperature control is a practice that allows the reduction of these inputs, and lower energy consumption. Another practice adopted in the steelworks is the purification of scrap. It follows, therefore, that the application of the Cleaner Production program provides a significant improvement in industrial processes, particularly the steel industry.
Keywords: steel industry, steelwork, sustainable development, eco-efficiency, Cleaner Production.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production in Construction Sector
L. S. Goron (PPGEM); R. M. C. Tubino (UFRGS)
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Abstract: Brazilian National Environmental Council created, in july 2002 the resolution number 307, which started to be value in January, 2005. Since then the construction sites had to adequate their site works. In this way, trying to reduce the environmental impacts and a better efficiency of the construction process, it was created in Porto Alegre, Brazil, a group of 7 contractors partially sponsored by SEBRAE and supported by National Center of Clean Technologies- CNTL and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul- UFRGS, with the objective of the application of the Cleaner Production methodology. This paper reports this experience of the construction sector, with very good economical results to the participants enterprises.
Keywords: Construction solid waste, clean production, environmental impacts
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production in Construction Sector: a proposal of minimization of residues in the source
C. Mattosinho (UFPE); P. Pionório (FASETE)
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Abstract: The industrial residues make possible to verify an enormous inefficiency in the productive
processes, being been that the same ones directly affect the conditions of life of the humanity.
The construction sector possesss an enormous parcel of contribution in the deterioration of the
ambient quality, since one of its characteristics is the used raw material wastefulness and
assistant in the constructive processes of urban enterprises. The present work has as objective
to consider a solution to minimize the generation of solid residues in Construction Sector,
through the application of the Clean Production methodology. Thus, the main contribution of this
work was to demonstrate the possibility of if acting in the cause of the generation of the residues
of the sector of civil construction, that is, to breach the paradigm of that wastefulnesses are
characteristic of the sector and that the techniques of external recycling are the only exit to
reduce the ambient degradation of constructive processes.
Keywords: Construction solid waste, clean production, environmental impacts
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production in Sector for the Manufacture of Leather Artifacts: Overview and Considerations
K. M. C. Mattos; M. R. Monteiro (UFSCar)
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Abstract: The environmental concern with the residues of the Sector of Manufacture of Leather Devices
is justified by the high generated volume and by the degree of contamination with toxic
metals of these residues. The residues of the leather contain high dosage of chromium -
substance used in the tanning of bovine skin. It’s not degradable, chromium is a risk of
contamination of soil and groundwater in areas where residues are deposited. The substance
is a heavy metal that can cause allergies and even cancer, if present in large quantities in
the human body. Heavy metals, such as chromium, differ from other toxic agents because
they are not synthesized or destroyed by man. Residues containing toxic metals have high
power to contamination, than the cost of the high cost for its disposal in industrial landfills.
Within this context, the paper presents an overview on the sector, the importance of the
methodology of Cleaner Production and the first steps of this tool to evaluate the productive
process and try to minimize residues generation, reduce costs, increase competitiveness and
gain environmental sector and the population as a whole.
Keywords: Residues, leather, chrome, cleaner production, management system
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production on Bakeries: Perspectives and Oportunities
E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland); A. F. F. Queiroga; E. P. de Almeida; L. R. Porto (CEPIS-PB)
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Abstract: The relationship between mankind and nature has suffered many mutations through the years, leaving different marks in the landscape with different effects. Among these marks, one can emphasize the desertification process which is caused by predatory anthropic actions and the exploitation of natural resources in very fragile environments, generating desert-like areas which affect, as a result, the life quality of thousands of people in the entire world. In the State of Paraíba, firewood is nearly disappearing and is becoming rare for it has been used in an unplanned and random way by many industries. The intense use of firewood in the State of Paraíba justifies and motivates CEPIS – Centro de Produção Industrial Sustentável (Centre of Sustainable Industrial Production) which is an action of SEBRAE-PB and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland (SECO), and is technically supported by the University of Applied Sciences of Northwestern Switzerland (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz). CEPIS aims at taking C+P actions in the bakery sector in order to reduce the environmental impacts through the rationale use of energetic resources and through the optimization of the productive process. The main goal of the project is to identify opportunities to improve the productive process of bakeries, applying the Cleaner Production Methodology. To achieve this goal, data is collected (Quickscan), the results are analyzed (EcoInspector), there is a discussion and identification of potential opportunities for improvements, and suggestions of Cleaner Production are raised. After analyzing the obtained results, it is observed that the identified options may be considered the first step to finding feasible Cleaner Production solutions, However, it is important to emphasize that some options such as good housekeeping practices may be identified and implemented straight away to bring economic and environmental benefits to the company in a short time.
Keywords: Bakeries, cleaner production, wood and energetic efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Opportunities in a Dairy Farm and Cheese Factory
J. Esquer, C. D. Cordero, L. E. Velazquez, N. E. Munguía (UNISON-Mexico)
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Abstract: According to the National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development (INAFED by
Spanish acronym), Sonora´s livestock activity possess the national prestige of being one of
the main livestock producers in Mexico because of its magnificent quality and its ability to
cover the demand of products as well as its important contribution to the national exports.
Internationally, this state has been recognized by the United States of America for being a
disease free zone referred to livestock production. One of the derivates obtained from the
cattle is cheese; all around the state is possible to find different places where this food is
produced, from small producers who make the cheese in a home-made manner with gas or
even wood stoves in some small communities, to big industries who count with sophisticated
equipment and a big investment capacity to commercialize and also export this product.
As the cattle raising and cheese production are common activities within the region,
analyzing this industries from the cleaner production perspective takes a higher relevance.
The aim of this paper is to show relevant results from a study conducted on a cheese
production facility in a small city at the northwestern side of the state. The most important
opportunities found were those for reducing the energy demand for thermal processes and
improving the manure management system, among others; such things will not only achieve
an improvement on the company´s environmental performance, but also it will provide a
considerable economical benefit which is expected to work as a motivation for further and
deeper research and analysis.
Keywords: Dairy farming, cheese, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Cleaner Production Opportunities in Furniture Manufacturing Process Custom-Made: a Case Study of a Wardrobe
LINS, P. S.; DÓRIA, M.V.C.; RAPÔSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA); KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
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Abstract: This article aims to present cleaner production opportunities in furniture manufacturing process custom-made from a case study of a wardrobe.The method applied in this mapping was the UNIDO / UNEP for the implementation of Cleaner Production Programs from simplified model of the Clean Technology Network of Bahia report (Teclim), Polytechnic School of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA).The results indicate significant production losses, that generated suggestions for improvement in the areas of planning, metal cutting, physical layout, safety, inventory of raw materials.Also identifies strategies to increase the eco-efficiency of processes and products in several orders of magnitude (factor 10).One is the creation and implementation of software to optimize the process of project design and budget.
Keywords: cleaner production, furniture production, custom-made furniture, opportunities
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Philosophy Applied to Metal Covers Packaging Industry of Seafood
S. M. Kakuda A. L. Berreta-Hurtado, C. A. K. Gouvêa (SOCIESC)
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Abstract: A packaging manufacturer company produces metal covers as part of the package to stow
fish. In this process the metal sheets are submitted to a stage where they are cut and it is
necessary after-varnishing to avoid any oxidation and a consequent reduction of the package
life cycle and food contamination. The pre-existing varnishing process consisted of mixing
varnish and hardener by gravity, but it did not allow a total control over the two
components. Besides, it was necessary to maintain mechanical agitators working constantly
even during weekends and holydays in order to prevent curing inside pipes. As a
consequence, the process resulted in residue incrustation in the equipment and pipes, as well
as solvent waste and uncontrolled residues destination. Cleaner production philosophy was
implemented through installing an air compressed equipment to mix the two-component
varnish and control their quantities, what led to a considerable varnish economy even with
metal covers production growth. This allowed cleaning pipes and shutting off the equipment
after use with no risks of obstruction. Waste control and solvent recycling were implemented
and resulted in material economy and product quality.
Keywords: Cleaner production, waste reduction, environmental impact
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Cleaner Production Practices in Military Organization Service Provider Industry (MOSP-I): a study in the Naval Base of Val-de-Cães, Brazil
R. A. Maranhão (USP)
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Abstract: The increase and diversification of activities within the Military Organizations Service
Providers Industrial (MOSP-I) have provided increased waste generation and consumption
rates of energy and water, making it necessary to support the planning for the integrated
management of environment in order to maintain the environmental quality, from stock
control and waste treatment, energy efficiency and waste-water. The methodology known as
Cleaner Production (CP), based on practical principles that include integrated actions
between aspects of environmental quality, occupational health and safety, promoting
development and transfer of clean technologies. The results show decline and improvement
in various sectors through programs of the organization itself to reuse waste projects and
solutions to improve the functioning of elements of different subsystems and prevent waste.
Other products expected to include a program that will include workshops on environmental
education, improvements in handling, packaging and disposal of waste generated, as a
condition for improving the quality of the environment at the Naval Base of Val-de-Cães.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, environmental management, military organization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Practices Towards Circular Economy Implementation at the Micro-Level: An Empirical Investigation of a Home Appliance Manufacturer
SOUZA-ZOMER, T. T. (UFSC); MAGALHÃES, L.; ZANCUL, E. (USP); CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC); CAUCHICK-MIGUEL, P. A. (UFSC/USP)
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Abstract: The concept of circularity has been widely discussed in the literature, but the implementation of the circular economy (CE) concept at the micro-level remains unexplored. Manufacturing companies should develop new business strategies and implement new practices in the transition process towards a circular economy model at the bottom-up. Cleaner production (CP) principles and practices have been discussed as essential for CE adoption at the micro-level, but specific studies should be conducted regarding the adoption and effects of cleaner production in promoting CE. Thus, this paper aims to explore the cleaner production principles and practices adopted by a manufacturing company located in an emerging economy in order to understand how those were valuable to foster CE implementation. A case-based research was adopted in this investigation. The CP practices introduced by the company were analyzed, their connections with the requirements to be measured when transitioning to a CE paradigm, and with CE areas at the micro-level. An inductive approach was adopted to develop some propositions regarding CP and CE interactions. The main findings revealed that CP practices for product optimization are valuable to CE implementation regarding circular product design strategies. The CP principle of input substitution is valuable to reduce input and use of natural resources as well as to increase the share of renewable and recyclable resources. Technological optimization can contribute to reducing emissions level. In addition, it could be noticed that CP practices at the production area enable CE practices implementation at the micro-level and a connection with other CE areas (i.e. waste management, consumption, and support). Moreover, the findings confirmed that all CP practices and principles implemented by the company were enablers to the CE issues implementation regarding the new business strategy. Further studies may focus on testing the propositions developed in this study in other manufacturing contexts as well as on the investigation of possible cause-effect relationship that may exist between CP and CE practices adoption.
Keywords: circular economy, product-service systems, cleaner production, home appliance manufacturer
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Cleaner Production Program in the cut sector of a textile industry
F. F. Rubino; J. C. Campos; L. Yokoyama (UFRJ); D. S. A. Batista (FIRJAN)
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Abstract: One of the largest challenges of the organizations is to keep the competitiveness in the global market in a sustainable way and to assist the need to minimize the environmental impacts. In this way, this paper has as objectives the application of the Cleaner Production in the section of cut of a big textile industry, aiming to modify old habits of the company. Through the minimization of the generation of residues and better use the raw material, there are obtained environmental and financial benefits. So, the enterprise will be fortified. Cleaner Production in the cut sector of the textile industry reached the economic benefit about R$ 550 thousand; improvements in the system of information; beyond the awareness on the part of the company of the importance of the employees training.
Keywords: Cleaner production, sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production, Process Innovation and Environmental Benefits: A case from the Metal-Mechanic Industry in Serra Gaúcha, Brazil
E. A. Severo (UCS), J. C. F. Guimarães (FTSG), M. R. da Cruz, E. Dorion (UCS)
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Abstract: The Cleaner Production methodology (CP) provides organizations with viable alternatives to
minimize and prevent solid waste production, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions,
efficient use of raw materials, especially water and energy, reducing environmental risks to
human beings and bringing economic benefits to companies. Process innovation occurs
through the adoption of new forms and methods of production. These methods allow
improvements in productivity, reduce costs and waste; increasing the productive life of
equipment and processes, among others. The aim of this study is to analyze the
environmental and economic benefits for a company, through the use of the CP methodology
and the process of innovation that were implemented in a companu of the metal-mechanic
Pole of the region of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil. The research method is exploratory and applied
to a case study. The company is active on the Brazilian market since 1954, producing a
number of products for the construction, furniture, automotive and housewares industries.
The CP methodology of CP was implemented in 2007 and the teams are currently
undertaking improvement, articulating the innovations in the search of waste reduction from
the source, the incorporation of new technologies; bringing benefits to the work
environment. The implementation of these process innovations has generated a 65%
reduction of the production of oil and water wastes. These innovations resulted in a 67.9%
savings on treatment and final disposal of these wastes. Through the CP methodology, the
innovations developed caused economic and environmental benefits, which contribute to the
sustainability of the company.
Keywords: Cleaner production, process innovation, metal-mechanic industry, Serra Gaúcha.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production, Social Responsibility and Eco-Innovation as Antecedents of Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Consumption: The Generations's Perception of a Sustainable Future
SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (UFPEL); DORION, E. C. H. (UCS); GIRARDI, G. (IMED)
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Abstract: The increase in population, the high consumption of food and products, as well as the generation of domestic and industrial waste has triggered impacts on the environment, which compromises the maintenance of natural resources for a sustainable future. Cleaner production (CP), social responsibility (SR) and eco-innovation (EI) aim at sustainability, where environmental awareness (EA) and sustainable consumption (SC) include the principles and values linked to the environment issues that contribute to a sustainable future. The purpose of this study is to measure the EA antecedent relations, considering the constructs of CP, SR and EI. The study also analyzes the relationship between EA and SC, as well as their moderating effect on the Baby boomers and the X and Y generations on the relationships between the constructs. The research a based on the perception of 1123 participant from different generations from the region of south Brazil and the method includes a quantitative and descriptive research, through modeling of structural equations. The results highlight that there is an important relationship between CP, SR and EI, which positively influence EA and consequently, SC. The study also shows a strong correlation between CP and IE. In this context, both generations present different perceptions about those constructs, however the “Baby boomers” generation presented a greater perception from the CP actions carried out by the companies. Consequently, it is evident for the companies to start disclosing CP as an opportunity window, which stimulates SC and benefit the environment. Such positioning may become fundamental for the maintenance of natural resources and the quality of life for future generations.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Social responsibility, Eco-innovation, Sustainable consumption, Generations
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production to Adapt to Climate Change: A Stakeholder Delphi Survey in a Heavily Affected District in Vietnam
HENS, L. (Vito - Belgium); NGUYEN, A.T. (Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment - Vietnam); SAGASTUME, A.; CABELLO, J.J. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia); BLOCK, C. (2C Ecosolutions - Belgium); VANDECASTEELE, C. (KU Leuven - Belgium)
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Abstract: As compared to mitigation of climate change, adaptation is often the poor cousin. Nevertheless the combination of the increasing reality of climate change effects and the inertion of the international community to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions makes adaptation (in combination with mitigation) increasingly important. Adaptation measures and actions are indicated in each sector affected by climate change impact. Most obvious they gradually appear managing: - Biodiversity, - Agriculture and forestry, - Green and smart cities, - Water security, - Tourism, - Extreme climate conditions and disasters.
The challenges raised in each of these domains differ, which results in a wide variety of actions, replies and responses: from nature-based solutions, over green roofs and bio-economies, to region tailored policies. This contribution analyses the diversified role of cleaner production in a context of adaptation to climate change related hazards in middle-Vietnam. Ky Anh is a district which is heavily and increasingly affected by recurrent storms. The adaptation capacity of the 20 coastal villages of the district is analyzed using a two rounds Delphi approach involving 36 panel members, representing the four major stakeholder groups in the area (authorities, farmers, fishermen, fish traders). They were invited to complete a questionnaire covering pressures, state, and responses of the local climate change associated events. The replies to the adaptation part of the questionnaire revealed that after the main storms the measures by the local authorities, including construction policies, upgrading of dykes and irrigation systems, and the provided postdisaster assistance, were qualified as inadequate. The panelists suggested acting on: - Planting larger areas of mangroves and other coastal protection forest. - More investment in waste management. - More investment in renewable energy (wind, solar, biomass).
Acting on “cleaner production” is an effective concept increasing the environmental, economic, social and health sustainability of the most necessary actions in these heavily affected regions.
Keywords: Climate change, adaptation, Delphi.
[Abstract]
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Cleaner Production: A Bibliometric Study in Scopus Data Base
GIACCHETTI, M. C. M.; AGUIAR, A. O. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: Environmental issues have influenced the industry regarding changes in their production processes to minimize environmental impacts. The growth of this concern has enabled many researchers to develop scientific research on cleaner production practices, making enough frequent theme. In order to understand the scientific literature on this topic, we performed a bibliometric study. The analysis was divided into three periods: until 1999, from 2000 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2014. Information on the articles were obtained from Scopus. It was possible to evaluate the main authors of published works, the main journals, the productions took place a year and the keywords associated. Among the most productive authors, there is a great permeability of the area because only one of the authors figured in the list of the most productive in the three periods. The application of Lotka's law that the distribution of articles by authors adheres to the model, although over time there is a change in the shape of the curve due to changing patterns. Among the journals there was a significant predominance of the Journal of Cleaner Production and a scattering among periodicals related areas, showing the interdisciplinary aspect of the area. The study of keywords indicated a recent increase approach of practical issues and specific environmental issues such as biodiesel and biofuels
Keywords: Clean production, bibliometrics, scopus, lotka
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production: Application Analysis in Mass Services and Professional Services
SANTOS, H. O. (UFPE - Brazil); ALVES, J. L. S. (UFPE/ FESURV - Brazil); MELO, F. J. C.; MEDDEIROS, D. D. (UFPE - Brazil)
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Abstract: Currently, the society and the market have a holistic view of environmental questions and they are concerned not only with economic benefits but also with the consequences they bring to the environment. The growth of the service sector means that the service rendering knows and measures its environmental impacts and minimizes its negative influence. The Cleaner Production Program uses tools that associate economic, social and environmental benefits to an organization's activities. In this sense, this study proposes to analyze the Cleaner Production two companies providing professional and mass services, according to the Schmenner classification. Two stages were used, from the five of the Cleaner Production methodology, pre-evaluation and evaluation, followed by an approach that integrates concepts and principles of Quality Management in the Process proposed by Paladini, Cleaner Production and the methodology PDCA. As a result, it was observed that the organizational culture determines the vision of the purpose for the implantation of the Cleaner Production. However, it is possible to affirm that, with the adoption of Cleaner Production, service providers will know the environmental aspects and impacts of the process and the service, and identify opportunities for cost reduction, resulting in the growth of the organization.
Keywords: Cleaner production; services; sustainability.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production: The Case of the Automotive Metal-mechanic Local Productive Arrangement from Serra Gaúcha
E. A. Severo; P. M. Olea; G. S. Milan; E. Dorion (UCS)
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Abstract: Industrial production allied to a vertiginous economic improvement, during the last decades, has
provoked negative impacts to the planet’s natural resources, what reflects in society’s life quality
and environmental health. Currently humanity has faced extremely complex environmental
problems, whose solution seems to be in applying a preventive environmental strategy, instead
of having corrective actions. Undertaker strategies, up to then summarized to the economic
matter, such as competitiveness, efficiency, profitability, etc, start to concern about
environmental variables, and it is, then, vital to incorporate them to productive processes.
Organizations started to adopt new technological strategies, by means of implanting
environmental management systems. Face the environmental matter, these systems are seen as
a competitive difference, as well as a factor of organizational improvement, in order to
rationalize the consumption of natural resources. The expectation is environmental management
strategies, besides decreasing the environmental impacts, may generate more profit, increasing
the company’s competitiveness and efficiency. Within this scenery, there are different
methodologies in environmental management, as well as practices of Cleaner Production, which
consider the opportunity of reducing costs, once a polluting organization is usually an entity that
wastes raw material and inputs. The objective of this study was to identify environmental
innovations, Cleaner Production methodologies and the results of implementing all of this. Three
companies were analyzed in the Automotive Metal-mechanic Local Productive Arrangement from
Serra Gaúcha (South of Brazil). It is a multi-case qualitative research. From the results, it is
possible to highlight companies implemented technological innovations, once the objective was
to improve the productive process. Results from the implementation of Cleaner Production
methodologies show the studied companies had improvements in factors related to the
productive process, such as increasing the operational efficiency, reducing costs with raw
material and energy, and improving the product’s environmental quality. Consequently, all these
improvements have generated competitive advantage for the company that is placed in a more
and more global scenery.
Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental management, operational efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production: the report of an experience
Presented by: F. C. F. Clementino; F. J. P. Pereira (SEBRAE-RN)
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Abstract: The SEBRAE of RN, in partnership with CNTL/SENAI-RS carried out a course to form consultants in cleaner production for small and micro companies. As a participant, I carried out the practical part of the consultance in cleaner production in the company Tecniplas Nordeste Plásticos Reforçados Ltda., situated in Natal/RN. Therefore, it was used a software involving several determinations, being presented in this narrative some information regarding cleaner production and the reduction of waste as: case study and economics and environmental results.
Keywords: Cleaner production, waste reduction, environment
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
Cleaner Technologies and Sustainable Development: contributions of Brazilian Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects
A. Costa, J. C. S. Andrade (UFBA)
|
Abstract: This paper evaluates the contribution of ten Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
for the generation of cleaner technologies and the promotion of sustainable development in
Brazil. The results of this multiple-case study demonstrate the prevalence of projects that: a)
use end-of-pipe technologies; b) have a single or double bottom line profile with regard to
sustainable development; c) show endogenous technology transfer, with the
acquisition/development of most of the know-how and equipment in Brazil. In short, this
paper defends Brazilian CDM projects make only a modest contribution to cleaner technology
generation and to the promotion of triple bottom line sustainable development.
Keywords: Cleaner technologies, sustainable development, the Clean Development Mechanism - CDM
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Cleaner Production with Emphasis on Environmental Sustainability and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Southern Brazil
SEVERO, E. A.; GUIMARAES, J. C. F.; DORION, E.. NODARI, C. H. (UCS)
|
Abstract: As a result of globalization and breakneck industrial development, concerns about pollution and the environment
encompass a global level. However, environmental degradation can undermine an entire local ecosystem,
and
some negative impacts may also be felt in different
biomass. Accordingly, organizations can minimize the
environmental impact by making use of environmental
practices, such as methodologies on Cleaner Production
(CP). Cleaner Production refers to actions that allow a company to qualify itself as an efficient user
of raw
materials and energy during the production process,
aiming to increase productivity and consequently,
to increase
competitiveness and improve organizational performance. The Automotive Metal-Mechanic Cluster (AMMC) of
Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, is seen as an important industrial Pole in Brazil, due to its high concentration
of spare parts,
agricultural machinery and transport vehicles production companies.The AMMC is currently the second largest
cluster of its kind in Brazil. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between CP, environmental
sustainability and organizational performance, in 298 companies of the Serra Gaúcha Cluster. In this regard, a
survey was realized and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) was implemented for data analysis. The results show
that companies the AMMC in the Serra Gaúcha seek alternative processes to reduce costs and contribute to the
company's image for their customers. Moreover, practices related to environmental sustainability, such
as CP are
often used among Metal-MechanicCompanies. It was also observed that CP practices influences environmental
sustainability, as well as organizational performance, showing that the CP methodologies contribute to
increase
production capacity and flexibility, and improving
aspects of health and safety. It is evident the contribution of CP
for the performance and competitiveness of organizations. It is worth noting that companies in the Serra Gaucha
tend to work committed to environmental sustainability welfare workers, society and the environment, while still moving up by coercive and normative pressures.
Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, organizational performance, Brazilian metal-mechanic industry.
|
CO2 Flow Accounting in a Commercial Bamboo Plantation Aiming the Paper Production
L. Ghelmandi Netto; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Given the significance of climate change for the sustainability of human society, the need for
studies that address the storage of CO2 is increasingly important. Thus, this study evaluates
the potential for mitigation of global emissions of CO2 in commercial plantations. In this case,
the system chosen for study is a commercial plantation of bamboo for the paper production
industry, located in northeastern Brazil. Besides the main activity of the plantation,
additional scenarios has been adopted, heading a more complete evaluation of CO2 released
and stored in the lifetime of the bamboo plantation (25 years). Alternatives for reducing the
CO2 released in the use of plantation’s resources were also studied.
Keywords: Commercial plantation, bamboo, CO2 emission, CO2 storage, paper production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Coagulation/Flocculation Process with Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam for the Removal of Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Water
L. Nishi, G. S. Madrona, A. M. S. Vieira (UEM), F. J. Bassetti (UFTPR), G. F. Silva (UFSE), R. Bergamasco (UEM)
|
Abstract: Waterborne diseases occur worldwide, and outbreaks caused by the contamination of
community water systems have the potential to cause disease in large numbers of
consumers. Among waterborne diseases, gastroenteric ones are the most frequent.
Approximately, 19% of outbreaks in the USA are attributed to parasitic protozoans,
especially species of Giardia and Cryptosporidium because of their wide distribution in the
environment, high incidence and resistance to conventional chlorination treatment. In
conventional water treatment, several chemical coagulants are used, most commonly
aluminum sulfate, although the production of non-biodegradable sludge and indications of
damage to health have led to a search for other coagulants that are less harmful to the
environment and to human health. Therefore, several natural coagulants are being studied,
such as the seeds of Moringa oleifera. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency
of moringa seeds as a coagulant for the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts,
color and turbidity from raw water. To carry out the coagulation assays, raw water was
artificially contaminated with these protozoans. This water was submitted to
coagulation/flocculation with different dilutions of a stock solution of 1 % moringa seeds, and
the mixtures were tested in a jar test apparatus. The water samples were analyzed before
and after the coagulation assays. In order to assess (oo)cysts removal, samples were
analyzed by the membrane-filtration technique, with mechanical extraction and elution
followed by direct immunofluorescence technique. Water color and turbidity were measured
according to the procedure recommended by the Standard Methods. Concentrations above
150 mg/L from the 1% solution of moringa seeds gave the best (oo)cysts removal, about 94% to Giardia cysts and 90% to Cryptosporidium oocysts. Turbidity removal ranged from 0
to 97.4%, color removal varied from 6.7% to 73.5%. Color and turbidity removal were found
to be dependent on the initial turbidity of the water sample and the concentration of
coagulant. Coagulation with moringa seeds gave satisfactory results in reducing the number
of protozoan parasites (oo)cysts. The use of M. oleifera Lam seeds can be considered
advantageous and a promising step towards improving the processes of water
coagulation/flocculation to remove these protozoans.
Keywords: Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Moringa oleifera, coagulation/flocculation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Coals Industrial Beneficiation Processes from Santa Catarina, Brazil: Inorganic Components Geochemical
DALMORA, A. C.; LIMA, B. D.. TAFFAREL, S. R.; OLIVEEIRA, M. L. S. (La Salle Universitary Center)
|
Abstract: Comparative research of the mineral matter and trace elements in 12 pairs of run-of-mine (ROM) and clean-coal products from beneficiation plants in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, have been developed out using lowtemperature oxygen-plasma ashing, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis techniques with the aim of estimate the effect of coal preparation on the mineralogy and chemical composition of the final coal products. The results showed that substantial reductions in mineral matter and ash levels are associated with beneficiation of coals mined from the different deposits. These reductions are accompanied by changes in the levels of Fe2O3 in the respective coal ashes, due to the reduction in the proportion of pyrite in the mineral matter, and also by a reduction in the level of Na2O, possibly due to ion exchange within the clay minerals. The relative proportions of quartz, clay minerals, and minor phases such as calcite and feldspar (mainly albite) within the mineral matter are not, however, significantly changed by the beneficiation processes. The concentrations of most trace elements in the beneficiation products are similar to the respective concentrations in the relevant ROM materials, or are reduced to an extent similar to that of the total mineral matter level for the respective coal samples. This indicates an association mainly with the clay-rich mineral matter. The concentrations of As and Pb, however, are reduced to a greater extent for most samples by the beneficiation processes, in accordance with a pyrite association. Concentrations of Ge, U and Zr are higher in many of the clean coals than in the respective run-of-mine materials, indicating the possibility of preferential association, at least for some deposits, with the organic-rich fractions of the coals concerned. Comparison of ROM and clean coal products from Santa Catarina preparation plants shows significant reductions in ash, mineral matter and total sulphur percentages associated with beneficiation, and also in the relative proportions of pyrite within the mineral matter. With the exception of pyrite, the mineral matter of the clean coals, as determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction, is similar to that of the respective ROM materials, with abundant quartz, kaolinite, illite and interstratified illite/smectite, and minor proportions of calcite and other accessory phases, and appears to have been little changed by coal preparation.
Keywords: Mineral matter, X-ray diffraction, coal preparation, pyrite, trace element
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Colombian Clean Fuel Matrix: Current Scenario and Opportunities for Biofuels Enhancement
LUNA-DELRISCO, M. A.; QUINTERO SUAREZ, F.; GONZÁLEZ PALACIO, M.; VILLEGAS MONCADA, S.; ARREDONDO OROZCO, C.A.; CUATINDIOY IMBACHI, J.; GONZÁLEZ PALACIO, L.(Universidad de Medellin - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In Colombia, since 2005, diverse technologies for biofuels production have been studied and implemented in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels. The main biofuels produced in the Colombian fuel matrix are bioethanol and biodiesel. Only few cases are reported on industrial biogas production. This study presents the Colombian biofuel potential and the actions expected for its development in the national market. The main findings of this research study are: Colombian biofuels regulatory framework is constantly being updated, strategies for the development of bio-based economies on rural areas in small-scale production facilities is being promoted, and sustainable rural developments practices based on GIS modelling are being considered. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of biofuels on the transportation sector, to assess the opportunities for the Colombian fuel matrix, and to assess the preparedness of the regulation to promote and sustain biofuels on the market. Further research is expected to forecast biomass valorisation scenarios in which studies based on second generation biomass conversion technologies are needed to validate economic feasibility of new projects of industrial facilities.
Keywords: Biofuels, energy matrix, diversification strategies, regulatory framework.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Colombian Oil Market: Keys to Sustainable Development
GRIMALDO-GUERRERO, J. W.; SILVA-ORTEGA, J.(CUC-Colombia); OSORIO-TOVAR, J. (Instituto Universitario Politécnico Santiago Mariño - Venezuela)
|
Abstract: This paper analyzes the conceptual and methodological relevance of the ten features of successful proposed for the design of an energy market, which was used to recognize drivers, barriers and / or inhibitors in the Colombian oil market. The design involved the analysis of the costs associated with the projects, a list of the ten features that can support the recognition of ideas for the Colombian context and the proposal of recommendations that are the basis for the generation of sustainable policies. These recommendations are designed with a comprehensive view, which allows strengthening the decision making from the different points of view under which they are put on trial. The results show that the integration of policies for sustainable development must consider public and private actors, to give a greater scope that can strengthen the improvement in decision making and the quality of the processes.
Keywords: Energy market; sustainability; energy policy; Oil&Gas; self-sufficiency.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Combining Sustainability and Quantitative Models - An Analysis for the Countries of The BRICS -
SARTORI, S.; CAMPOS, L. M. S.; SAMOHYL, R. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The interest in the development of indicators to measure sustainability is growing, but there are few
studies about
the changes of these indicators over time. In this
context, this paper presents a temporal analysis of
CO2
emissions for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia,
India, China and South Africa) on period of 1980 to
2010,
except for Russia (1992 to 2010). The analysis of CO2
emissions here treated as an indicator of sustainability, presenting in the preliminary current situation and
future emissions of these countries on a horizon of 10 years.
Although the series analyzed and estimated to be short, it revealed some important information. The estimation
by means of ARIMA models and exponential smoothing
coefficients showed statistically significant. From a
practical point of view, the ARIMA model has better
adhesion to the series since it had the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The estimated growth of CO2
emissions confirms the unsustainability of the BRICS
future. Finally, the experience of this study suggests the use of predictive models for quantitative analysis of
sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainability, CO2
emissions, ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Study Between Conventional and Clean Extraction Techniques and Characterization of the Biocomposites of Brazilian Ginseng Pfaffia glomerata Using FT-RAMAN and FT-NIR
BALASTRERI, C.; SAKAI, O. A. (IFPR - Brazil); BARROS, B. C. B.; SEIXAS, F. A. V.; SATO, F.; OGAWA, C. Y. L.; ROCHA, S. A.; MELLO, J. C. P. (UEM - Brazil)
|
Abstract:The Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen is a native plant of Latin America. Its therapeutic properties had been discovered by the Japanese pharmaceutical industry, since many researches have been carried out to obtain biocomposites. The main compound of interest is β-ecdysone, a natural steroid present in the plant roots. The therapeutic properties attributed to ginseng are anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, memory enhancer and tonic. In addition to β-ecdysone, terpenes, triterpenes, nortriterpenes and phenols are also found. It´s use has also been explored by the food industry as a surfactant technological agent and emulsion stabilizer. The objective of the present study was to compare conventional and clean biocomposite extraction techniques, as well to characterize the Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata using FT-RAMAN and FT-NIR spectrophotometers. The results showed that roots are an excellent source of carbohydrates when extracted by the clean technology via subcritical water (SWE), with a yield of 13.22% higher than the classical organic solvent methodology via Soxhlet. The use of clean supercritical fluid extraction technologies, specifically SWE, corroborate with the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS), as they are environmentally sound technological innovations. Near-infrared spectrophotometric (NIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (FT-RAMAN) analyzes demonstrated several chemical groups with technological potential, with emphasis on mineral selenium (Se). This mineral imparts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity to the human organism, which have been observed in several peaks of the spectra. When compared the β-ecdysone standard with the extract of the ginseng root in the FTRAMAN spectrum, we observed eight identical peaks, confirming the presence of the compound in the roots of P. glomerata.
Keywords: ODS, supercritical fluids, clean technology, spectrophotometry.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Analysis of Cleaner Production Implementation in South American Countries: Brazil, Chile and Colombia
PEREIRA, G. R. (UFSC); SANT’ANNA, F. S. P. (IFSC)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP), proposed by UNEP, concerns
an environmental management strategy that seeks to
prevent environmental impacts and risks, and increase the efficiency of processes, products and services. This
strategy has been adopted by governments and companies worldwide alongside increased environmental
degradation and stricter legal requirements. This paper presents an analysis of the implementation of
Cleaner
Production policy, in the context of public policies, in three countries in South America with a history of
environmental sustainability: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. The goal was to clarify which institutional
arrangement
contributed the most to encourage companies to adopt Cleaner Production strategies. The methodology consisted
of a qualitative exploratory research using bibliography and public documents. The results indicate that the three
countries have different institutional-political arrangements concerning Cleaner Production, which explains the
different reactions from companies and the different levels of success of CP in each country. Governments most
active, with strong policies and environmental management frameworks, such as Chile and, in part, Colombia,
show the best results. It is observed that when the
environmental management is actually government policy, the production sector is motivated to continue to improve its environmental impact over the years.
Keywords: Cleaner production, public policy, environmental management framework.
|
Comparative Analysis of Houses Construction Using Emergy Accounting
C. S. Carvalho (Universidad Alberto Hurtado - Chile), Y. Ogura (UNIP), E. Grinover (Grinover Associados), A. R. P. L. Albuquerque (UNIP)
|
Abstract: We present an application of the methodology of environmental accounting in emergy,
comparing the environmental impact generated by a house designed in a timber
production system of "exploitation", the second wood of the first use and third, masonry
type, from the same architectural project. By using the graphical tool - ternary diagram -
, rates the emergy flow and environmental indicators in emergy, in the three models
studied. The results showed a favorable trend for the home designed in wood production
system of "exploitation", all indicators were higher than the other two cases under study,
highlighting the environmental sustainability index of 125 times larger than the house of
masonry. This system proved to be less constructive aggressive to the environment,
which may allow the adoption of this house as a habitation solution of Vilhena in the
state of Roraima, the city adopted as a model for this study.
Keywords: Environmental sustainability, emergy account, environmental indicators, sustainable
constructive system, "exploitation" wood
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Polyester to Epoxy Matrixes Composites Reinforced with Hemp Fibers
MANTOVANI, D. P.; ROHEN, L. A.; NEVES, A. C. C.; VIEIRA, J. S.; PONTES, L. A. P.; VIEIRA, C. M. F. (UENF); MARGEM, F. M. (Faculdade Redentor); MONTEIRO, S. N. (Instituto Militar de Engenharia - RJ)
|
Abstract: This present work consists in comparing the tensile properties of polyester and epoxy matrix composites reinforced with hemp fibers. According to ASTM D-638-14 the matrix, polyester and epoxy reinforcing specimens reinforced with different volumes of hemp, 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% fibers were made and suitably tested by a universal machine INSTRON model 5582 of the LAMAV / UENF. The epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 30% of fibers presented tensile strength, of 53.08 MPa, while those of polyester matrix, 25.44 MPa. The elastic modulus, epoxy matrix composites, in a volume of 30%, was 1.75 GPa and the polyester matrix 4.05 GPa. The tests showed comparatively that the resistance of the epoxy reinforced with hemp fiber composites is superior to the composites of polyester matrix. However, the stiffness of these polyester / hemp fiber composites is higher than the epoxy / hemp fiber ones. The determination of the mechanical properties of these new composites materials contributed to the search for new sustainable materials, economically viable and technologically advanced.
Keywords: tensile properties, composites, polyester, epoxy, hemp fibers
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Comparative Environmental Assessment for Public Luminaires
O. Sanchez Júnior (IPT)
|
Abstract: A comparative analysis was performed to compare the design of two distinct products, ie,
luminaires manufactured by different processes (manufacturers) to obtain sensitivity and
validate the technique of LCA for product redesign. Following recommendations of ISO
14040, was defined the scope of study to ensure that its breadth, depth and degree of detail
to attend the established objective. The inputs and outputs relevant to all stages of life were
recorded. With the support of software GaBi 4.0, the environmental impacts were obtained
from environmental surveys. The functional unit was customized in order to promote a gain
in sensitivity when comparing the environmental performance of both products. The products
were then compared according to the environmental impacts considered. From the strategies
prescribed by the ecodesign approach, we identified the main points to be improved in the
redesign of products to mitigate the potential environmental impacts associated with its life
cycle and improve on their environmental performance. Thus there was the potential of
technology as a development tool for this type of product.
Keywords: Acv of lighting products, acv of luminaires, environmental assessment of lighting products,
products redesigning by acv, ecodesign of lighting products.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Study Between the per Capita Generation of Solid Residues of two buildings - Lago and Caraíbas, Goiania, Goias
RABELO, B. L. (PUC-GO); ASSUNÇÃO, S. G. S. (PUC-GO/UFG); VENTUROLI, F. (UFG)
|
Abstract: The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative research between horizontal and vertical buildings in middle-class condominiums in the city of Goiânia regarding their respective per capita residues by assessing the specific weight of solid residues in the location and indicating the factors of possible influence on their production. Using the collected data, we quantified the per capita generation of these residues in Condominium do Lago (Horizontal) as well as inCaraíbas Building (Vertical). The methodology employed in this study was divided into five stages: bibliographical review; definition of thearea ofresearchwith technical visits;information; collectionin loco, residue quartering. The results led to the conclusion that both buildings generate practically the same amount of residue; it is required to enable alternative destinations for urban solid residues as well as to develop effective and permanent programs for environmental awareness and improvethe management of solid residues in the location.
Keywords: Urban solid residues, gravimetric composition, quartering
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Study of Methods for the Synthesis of Silica Gel from Biomass Residue Ash of Sugarcane
HELENO, R. A.; REIS, T. V. S.; FUNGARO D. A. (IPEN/CNEN-SP)
|
Abstract: Biomass residue ash of cane sugar (ACS) was used on synthesis of silica xerogel (SG) by three different routes. SG was produced using alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation. The process of synthesis was optimized by applying a wide range of experimental conditions. No SG was obtained using classic hydrothermal treatment for silica extraction. SG was successfully synthesized via fusion with NaOH followed by hydrothermal reaction used to prepare sodium silicate solution. The best condition for silica gel productionwas achievedwith gelation of silica carried out at 80 oC. Our experimental data suggest that the ACS could be converted into a value added product, minimizing the environmental impact of disposal problems.
Keywords: Silica xerogel, Biomass residue ash, Sugarcane
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Study of the Sustainability and the Human Development Index
F. J. C. Demetrio; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. de Almeida (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the environmental and economic study of the city of São Luís was used
in the accounts came to calculate the ESI. It develops also study about the HDI and related
method is by comparison with other cities. It is the result that the city of São Luís has a
medium ESI, equal to 2.9. The ESI is much better than the other cities under study have a
high HDI, thus generating a discussion between the development model adopted by the
cities.
Keywords: Emergy, Human Development Index, urban sustainability, ternary diagram
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparative Study with Emphasis on Emergy Environmental Sustainability of food with nutritional similarity
R. L. Guarnetti; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Well known and traditional foods such as potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and beans have
important place in the world’s alimentation. Options for not so well known foods in the West,
but rather consumed in Asian countries such as bamboo shoots, offer nutritional value
comparable to many of these traditional aliments. In this sense, aspects of environmental
sustainability of these aliments were evaluated and compared. Among them, bamboo shoots
are more sustainable. When the study considers the production efficiency, the potato is the
better option. The main nutrients of each aliment according to the emergy per unit invested
were also evaluated to find more sustainable options for obtaining a specific nutrient from
these aliments.
Keywords: Bamboo shoot, ternary diagram, emergy, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparing the Environmental Performance of two Cosmetics Soaps using the LCA´s Technique
ROMEU, C. C.; SILVA, G. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The society ́s environmental awareness growth resulted in a need to produce consumer goods and services
in a more rational and harmonious way with the environment and, within this scenario, new environmental techniques
have emerged, and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) achieved prominence, since it can be used by
companies as a tool for decision support environment, from environmental relevant indicators and characterized as
a competitive opportunity for diverse sectors of economy. In search of an opportunity for differentiation, there are
the cosmetic industries that have the need to present news and may, with the application of LCA methodology, develop more sustainable products. The cosmetic products more consumed are the soap, bar and liquid, which may
in its manufacturing processes, favoring the use of
plant ingredients and use the appeal of being environmentally
friendly products, but a more detailed study of all
its processes, may include the use of somenon-renewable source
materials and the use of soap in the bath, may disqualify itfrom the eco-friendly appeal. Therefore, in this study,
sought it the application of LCAtool chain management of two cosmetic soaps, bar and liquid, allowing
the
identification of critical steps and their assessment of their environmental effects, performingan environmental
comparison between the results for the choice of which soap isless harmful to the environment. It was
conducted
a case study in a cosmetic companymanufacturer of bar soaps and liquid and were evaluated the production
processesin the suppliers of raw materials soaps, its use in the bath step process andthe packaging dispose of
these soaps. Through this model, it was possible to
identifythe most critical stages of manufacturing
processes, to
observe the impact that thestage of use of cosmetic soap in the shower and compare the differentiation
of
impact that the type of packaging promotes in a life
cycle assessment' study. The RECIPE2008 was used as the
LCIA methodology and at the environmental comparison of the two soaps, it was possible to conclude that
the
liquid soap had less over-allimpact than the bar soap. The impact categories like Climate change and Fossil
depletion were the most significant for both soaps and the Transformation of land was significant only for the bar
soap.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment, Soap,Cosmetic Industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Comparison of Environmental Assessment Methods in the Analysis of the Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Production Systems
MÉNDEZ, C.; RENGIFO, C. F; CORRALES, J. C.; FIGUEROA, A. (University of Cauca - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In recent years, various environmental assessment methods have been developed. The aim of this paper is to compare these methods to identify their advantages and disadvantages when used to analyze energy efficiency in agricultural production systems. A systematic review of information helped to identify six environmental assessment methods: ecological footprint, material flow analysis, ecological network analysis, life cycle analysis, exergy and emergy. A multi-criteria comparison was carried out, taking into account the level of formalization, system modeling, spatial scale, inventoried flows, type of indicators, relationship with the concept of efficiency and usability of each of the methods. This work allowed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each environmental assessment method. Proving that the Emergy approach, could provide a relevant framework for the analysis of the multiple energy flows that interact in an agricultural production system, and achieving an integral understanding of energy efficiency in the whole system.
Keywords: Environmental Assessment (EA), Energy Efficiency (E.E.), Agricultural production systems, criteria.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Two Forms of Ice Cream Palletising
LEOPASSI, A. P. F.; MORIS, V. A. S.; SILVA, D. A. L.; NUNES, A. O. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: Currently, among the resulting environmental impacts of everyday contemporary life, those caused by packaging are one of the most serious and worrying, since these materials are necessary for almost all consumer goods purchased daily. In addition, the growth of consumerism leads to an increase in the quantity of waste generated that negatively impacts the environment. Given the high volume of packaging consumed each day, the present work aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts between two different ways of palletizing ice cream pots in a company at São Paulo countryside through the use of Life Cycle Assessment methodology and SimaPro software. It was possible to identify the reduction of the environmental impacts of the current scenario to the scenario with the new palletizing way, mainly due to transportation, which decreased and consequently reduced CO2 emissions considerably, followed by reduction in consumption of cardboard and, lastly, of plastics.
Keywords: environmental impacts, packaging, palletizing, cardboard, LCA
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Concepts, Principles and Tools for an Urban-Industrial Environment More Sustainable
T. S. Dalbelo, R. A. Freire, E. W. Rutkowski, E. Z. Monteiro (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to understand how the concepts of Industrial Ecology, the
principles of the certification of buildings and the tools of sustainability indicators can relate
to achieve a more sustainable industrial architecture that integrates and benefits the urban
environment. Such a search is made from a survey of the applications of environmental
certification systems in industrial buildings and also the main concepts related to indicators
of environmental performance in buildings and Industrial Ecology. We propose a comparative
analysis of key concepts and there is a correlation between certification and Industrial
Ecology.
Keywords: Industrial Ecology, building certification, sustainability indicators and industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Conceptual Framework and Principles for Selection and Definition of Sustainability Indicators: An Study Applied at Ecoinnovation in Smartparks Project (Spain and Brazil)
HANAI, F. Y. (UFSCar); FELICIO, M. C. (USP); SILVA, S. P.; GABARRELL, X. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain); OMETTO, A. R.(USP); RIERADEVALL i PONS, J. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain); ESPOSTO, K.; AMARAL, D. C. (USP)
|
Abstract: This study is inserted in jointly developed project (Eco-innovation in Smartparks) with researchers from Spanish and Brazilian universities (Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Carlos e Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), aiming to define and to propose specific tools and indicators to contribute for addressing sustainability from the perspective of Ecoinnovation in Smartparks.The concept of Eco-innovation in Smart parks is a proposal that seeks to develop and to apply (in an innovative, integrated and significant way, with an improvement of production processes) new sustainable approaches of conceiving planning and territorial management, integrating symbiosis on industrial, urban and agricultural fields. The concept of Eco-innovation in Smart parks includes new ideas, actions and operations in order to reach: the optimization of the efficiency of processes; the reducing of consumption and use of natural resources; the reuse of supplies and materials; and the reduction and/or proper disposal of wastes. Smart parks require indicators that are appropriate for addressing sustainability from the perspective of Ecoinnovation and, today it was observed the insufficiency or even the absence of indicators in comprehensive scales that consider the planning and management of Smartparks, and incorporate the various relations of symbiosis and practical approaches and applied sustainability. Thus, the research has studied approaches and principles for Smart parks conception, as well models, criteria and frameworks of sustainable indicators, in order to define and to stablish a Indicators framework for Smartparks application. The framework is composed by three categories representing stages of a Smart Park development (Planning, Monitoring and Management): “Infrastructure and services”; “Activities and Operation”; and “Interactions and symbiosis between institutions and Smartpark”. Twenty one aspects of these categories detail and help to guide the development of a set of indicators for Eco-innovation in Smartparks. It is expected that these results support the improvement and implementation of specific indicator systems for parks with industrial, agricultural and urban symbiosis, providing scientific basis for future researches on Eco-innovation and SmartParks.
Keywords: Indicators, Smartparks, Ecoindustrial Parks, Eco-innovation, Symbiosis
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Confection and Evaluation of Properties of Polyurethane Plaques with Waste Recovery from Surfboard Fabrication
BARCELOS, R. L. (UNIVALI); CUBAS, A. V.; AGUIAR, A. R. (UNISUL); SILVA, L. (UNESC); LERIPIO, A. A. (UNIVALI); MAGNAGO, R. F.(UNISUL)
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Abstract: This study allowed information to be obtained regarding the most important aspects which affect the production process of polyurethane (PU) surfboards in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. It was observed that the main residue from the production process is PU solid waste. The intended reuses of this solid residue it as raw material for the manufacture of new polyurethane sheets for making surfboards. Polyurethane sheets were prepared by incorporating different percentages of the PU waste collected, with two particle sizes (9 mesh and crude), into the matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties the tensile strength of the sheets are influenced by the particle size and the percentage of PU incorporated. The degradation of the material begins at 200 oC and thus this material is stable in environmental temperature for use surfboards. Finally, in addition to the experimental results, it is noted that the production process of surfboards in Santa Catarina has sought ways to reuse their waste, aiming at cleaner production.
Keywords: Productive process, Polyurethane, Waste, Recycling
[Abstract] Paper in Portuguese]
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Consumers of Organic Products : Understanding their Behavior
FREITAS, T. M.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The market for organic products is growing, it is necessary to deepen the studies on the behavior of the consumers, their real motivations of purchase as well as, the difficulties and limitations in the structures of production, supply and commercialization. The objective of this article was to perform an analysis of the literature on organic products and related topics, to elaborate a previous version of the research questionnaire that will applied, in a future survey, with current and potential consumers of organic products, their consumption motivations. This is a stage of the Work of Completion of Course of the main author of the article, which also intends to use social networks to promote organic products. Finally, we believe that this article contributed to new proposals with the organic food sector and, furthermore, we can do a broader reflection on the need for new consumption patterns.
Keywords: Organic products; Consumer behavior; Social networks
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Continuous Improvement of Processes on the Electronic Sector: obtaining Environmental Indicators using Software
E. F. de Queiroz (CPMBraxis IT Services-SP); M. L. P. da Silva (USP & FATEC)
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Abstract: The need to ensure the sustainability of human endeavors makes the business management tends to change and, therefore, the concept of Industrial Ecology and the use of control software can be of great value. The objective of this work was the development of a methodology for use of software in implementing the concept of Industrial Ecology in electronics industry companies. The software is used to define appropriate sustainability indicators to the system and indicate potential process improvements for the formation of Industrial Ecosystems. The electronics sector was evaluated and presented various cost reduction opportunities, environmental and social improvement in the supply chain due to the reuse of by-products generated internally or by other companies, suggesting an effort to increase the formation of industrial ecosystems in this sector. As the formation of industrial ecosystems is very dependent on the exchange, the fact of the case studies is relevant show the importance of the distances and thus among the likely significant impacts, carbon emissions must be strongly considered. For the area of raw materials for microelectronics, the possibility of using silicon and sugarcane bagasse chips is hampered by the distances between the products and their carbon emissions resulting from the transport. Other inputs are typically acquired and disposed of in even more open cycles. In microelectronics, water reuse cycles with galvanic exist, but not other products, such as acidic or alkaline aqueous solutions, which could be recycled in steel. In printed circuit, area and surface mount several co-products are already recycled, however, an exchange between producers, not involving recycling, would provide greater economic gain. The recycling of complete equipment runs into several difficulties, including the legal aspects. For the micro and small business, the development of a database enables the deployment of Industrial Ecology without high costs.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, electronic sector, software ERP, industrial ecosystem
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Contribution of Packaging to Cleaner Production Goals
G. Radonjič (University of Maribor - Slovenia)
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Abstract: Packaging industry is faced with challenges of using different strategies to prevent emissions at
the source and to initiate continuous preventive improvements of its production processes.
However, numerous other industries and services use packaging products which gives packaging
products a specific feature. Thus, firms should be aware of modern trends of packaging
products. Dematerialization of packaging is a continuous trend which has important role in
source reduction but at the same time has detrimental effects on recyclability. However, the
latter is still often believed to be one of the most important environmental criteria for packaging
in different cleaner production programmes. Considering such dilemmas, two major questions
arise with regards to packaging role within the concept of environmental protection and cleaner
production. First, how to quantitatively evaluate its environmental impacts and, secondly, to
what extent packaging contributes to the reduction of overall (life-cycle) pollution prevention.
Namely, protective role of packaging is too often neglected in discussions on packaging and
environmental pollution problems. In a paper different aspects of packaging in line with the
environment are discussed which confirm that packaging must be viewed in a wider context as
usual because not only technological but also demographic and social changes significantly
influence its environmental image. This effects not only the production optimization but also the
environmental profile of the whole product supply chain.
Keywords: Packaging, environmental impacts, dematerialization, supply chains
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Contribution to the Electric Matrix of Brazil in 2050 - Decentralized, Cleaner, Efficient and Renewable
WITTMANN, D. (USP)
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Abstract: There is an aggravated prospect in the Brazilian electricity production, due to a shortage of affluent energy in the hydric production, requiring a greater thermal use. For the future, the insertion of hydroelectric power plants predominantly without reservoirs will make this need even more evident. Due to the thermal structuring, there will be more emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumption of fossil resources per unit of electricity produced. A model that does not align with the search for sustainable development.The objective of this paper is to present an alternative future scenario, elected 2050, of electricity supply in the country, beaconed on the acceleration in the use of renewable sources, premise postulated in alignment with the pursuit of sustainable development for the country. The "research, analysis and synthesis" is adopted, with a systemic approach, and applying the indicators elected the paramount to reach the goal. Part of author's doctorate thesis is synthesized, this systematized from data and information from different types of documents produced by international and national authors and organizations as well as governmental plans of expansion of electric energy production. From the theoretical and methodological framework adopted, the results obtained have shown that it is possible to establish a long term plan, based on the use of the available resources, with decreased social and environmental pressure, fossil consumption, and emission of GHGs per unity of energy produced. A greater participation of renewable sources is achieved, while the participation of hydric sources, the emissions of GHGs and consumption of oil-fuels are reduced. There is no increase in the production costs. The result is a decentralized, hybrid system with larger expansion of renewable thermal, wind and solar sources, larger participation of independent production – co-generation, auto-generation and distributed generation – and a diminished load on the transmission network, compared to the current scenario.
Keywords: Renewable energy, sustainable development, energy planning, energy efficiency, emissions of greenhouse gases
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Contributions of Environmental Accounting in Emergy for Understanding of Soybean Production System on the Perspective of Sustainable Agriculture
L. P. Vendrametto; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Brazil is considered the world’s granary because of its territorial extension and the possibility
of transforming into agricultural land. In this context, the most outstanding commodity
produced by the country is the soybean crop. About 21 million hectares of soybean are
planted and approximately 61 tons are produced (harvest 2008-2009). The introduction of
this Asiatic species in Brazil was recent, about 120 years ago, and so was its genetic and
transgenic improvement. Due to these processes and advanced technology, improved knowhow
of nutritional demands and greater access to information by the farmers, Brazil has
stood out in the international scenario as a region with excellent production and productivity
indices. Currently, other important issues have appeared that need to be managed such as
the principles and methods that guide this type of production, the economic, social and
environmental sustainability as well as the costs and environmental impact involved in
obtaining these indices. The objective of this article is to discuss some examples of soybean
production using the environmental accounting methodology and applying the Emergetic
Ternary Diagram.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, sustainable soybean, emergy eccounting, emergy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Contributions of Knowledge Management Tools Applied To Sustainability Based on a Systematic Review of Literature
MUÑOZ, D. L. C.; COELHO, C. C. S. R.; STEIL, A. V. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: This research aims to raise the contributions of knowledge management tools for advancing sustainability, from
technology studies. We used the systematic review method to collect and analyze technology studies available in
the databases ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus, in a
ll the years available until May 2010. The results
present
descriptive analyzes of technological studies regarding the application area, the main aspects of the
problem
situation and the proposed solutions. Also highlighed they are the main features found in the proposed solutions,
such as scope, approach, ability to integrate knowledge, among others. The article discusses the contributions and
limitations of the systematic review, the connection between knowledge management and knowledge engineering,
and managerial implications.
Keywords: Knowledge management, sustainable development, sustainability, knowledge management tools.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cooperative Recycling as a Tool for Social Inclusion and Reduction of Urban Solid Waste
HASEGAWA, H. L.; VENANZI, D.; FRANÇA, J. F.. (UNISO); SILVA, O. R. (FMU)
|
Abstract: The recycling cooperatives have been considered as a good alternative for removal of solid waste from the cities and also as a way to create a source of income for these workers. The present study demonstrated the difficulties and the contributions that this cooperative promotes to removing the solid wastefrom the city through a case study based on a survey carried outin the Cooperativa Central de Reciclagem da Zona Norte (CRZN) located in Sorocaba-SP. As the survey results showed that the cooperative must operate consistently and be managed properly can result as increasing the efficiency of collecting, segregation and selling the recyclable material can be resulting in higher income for workers. During the 2011 for 2014 period the average income grow to R$ 785,29 to R$ 1.409,49 and in the same period, the amount of waste removed from the city, grew three times at least. This result was possible by applying an organized management and due to use of a quality tool known as the Ishikawa diagram. The adoption of the tool also, contributed to increase the productivity and workers began to participate more actively in the strategic decisions and therefore improved self-esteem and provide good relationship with other workers.
Keywords: Recycling, Cooperative, Management
[Abstract] [Organizatinal Report in Portuguese]
|
Corporate Social Responsibility Integrated Cleaner Production, Industry Case Study of Recife-PE
PAZ, Y. M.; CAVALCANTI, N. S.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (Gampe-UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Organizations are increasingly aligned with consumer
demands. These companies are driving the guiding their
processes under the basis of sustainability, advances rampant economy has a strong impact on society and
because of this, the population has positioned itself against organizations and local governance in order to have
responses that contribute positively to social, environmental and economic. A corporate Social Responsibility refers
to a business posture in order to attain sustainability throughout its supply chain, from suppliers, customers,
employees how they relate to the environment. This
can be aligned to the principles of Cleaner Production (CP) if
the organization has integrated some action in the
company. For the P + L seeks a complex analysis of
the
production process in order to increase efficiency.
The aim of this paper is to describe actions for Environmental
Responsibility and check which of these alignment with the principles of Cleaner Production in the productive
sector organizations, using as a case study of a chemical branch Cleaning and Hygiene located in the city of
Recife-PE, regarded here as Industry X.
Keywords: Environmental Responsibility, Cleaner Production,
Industry, Sustainability.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Correlation of management indicators in the sectors of household solid waste collection of the Recife/PE, Brazil
SILVA, R. C. P.; BEZERRA, R, P. L. (UFPE - Brazil); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE - Brazil); JUCÁ, J. F. T. (UFPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Searching for solutions in solid waste management is a continuous challenge for municipal managers. Faced with the growing scenario of generation of these materials, especially in urban areas, the need to elaborate an integrated, participatory, viable and appropriate management model to the reality of the municipality becomes essential. In this sense, the in-depth study of indicators related to the managerial dynamics of solid wastes is the basis for proposing management models that meet the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the region. In this way, the present article studies the correlation of four indicators (population, income, generation and gravimetric composition) in 31 sectors of solid waste collection in the city of Recife, through Principal Component Analysis, in order to identify the indicators defining the realities of the sectors. The results elucidate a strong positive correlation between income and per capita generation of household solid waste (HSW), which is evident in the upper-class areas of the city and in the essentially commercial areas. The identification of indicators of greater influence in the collection sectors will assist the municipal manager in the elaboration of RSD sectorial management models that seek to understand the particular socioeconomic characteristics listed.
Keywords: Solid Waste Management. Collection Sectors. Management indicators. Principal Component Analysis.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Covenants and Partnerships with Municipalities Ran by SABESP North Business Unit for Water Resource Management
E. G. V. Souza (SABESP)
|
Abstract: The Rational Use of Water Programme – translated in portuguese: “PURA” – is a programme
developed by SABESP and its objective is reduce water consume population through the
world water deficit perception and economize water equipments association. The programme
is developed in a public institutions and the financial support is originating from water use
charges.
This written work objective is illustrate this programme applied in public institutions in the
São Paulo north districts, managed by Sabesp - North Business Unit.
Keywords: Rational use of water, world water deficit, public institutions
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
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CP as a Competitive Advantage of the Product: The Consumer’s Point of View
MORAES, W. L. (UNIBRATEC/IMI); BAUDEL, R. M.; PONTES, V. R. (UNIBRATEC); LIMA, S. C. (IMI)
|
Abstract: Producing quality and competitive price does not guarantee the success of the product. The new consumer has specific needs and starts charging industries social and environmental responsibilities. The industries engaged in society in which they operate, begin to worry about processes Cleaner (CP).The CP deployment opportunity of CP deployment, besides cost reduction, can become a competitive advantage of the product. Being a cleaner industry and portray it in the packaging appears as an opportunity to beat the competition and get into the consumers houses. More demanding consumers are aware of the industries pollution and are willing to consume cleaner products. Thus, the CP becomes not only improvements in the production process and becomes a communication tool with the society and the consumer.
Keywords: CP, Differential, Product, Consumer
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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CP Promoting System in China
Yin Jie, Duan Ning, Yu Xiuling, Bai Yanying (National Cleaner Production Center - China)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production has been introduced into China since 1993. After the development in
nearly two decades, a comparatively completed cleaner production promoting system has
been established in China. This paper makes a detailed illustration on the regulatory system,
administrative system, technical supporting system and educational system for promoting
cleaner production in China. Furthermore, the paper proposes some recommendations for
the further development of cleaner production in China.
Keywords: Cleaner production, China, promoting system, recommendations
[Abstract] [Organizational Report]
|
CP: Sustainable Development and Environmental Higher Education
P. A. O. George (Independent Researcher)
|
Abstract: This work presents briefly the results obtained in the reduction and reuse of waste generated
in various processes by applying CP principles. The aim of this work is not only to
demonstrate the effectiveness of such principles in the management of industrial processes,
but also to show the science required to perform such work, with the aim of highlighting the
need to include CP principles in Environmental Higher Education, as the work of university
graduates have a major impact on achieving or not sustainable development.
Keywords: CP, Environmental Higher Education, sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Cradle to Cradle: An Analysis of Certified Cleaning Products and Clothes Washing
ALIGLERI, L. (UEL/USP); ALIGLERI, L. A. (UEL/FACCAR); KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: High economic growth and the growing demand for materials are jeopardizing the balance between the planet and human life. Thus, several innovative management models have been developed to rethink the usual production process and the lifecycle of products. Therefore, this article seeks to know companies, general cleaning products and the process of clothes washing that have the Cradle to Cradle certified program. The research involved desk research with secondary data and analyzed the official website of The Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute, as well as the email addresses of the producing industries. Information was collected on the production process, certification level, products characteristics and the strategic profile of companies. This is an exploratory, descriptive study using a convenience sample including 29 products. The analysis showed that the products are produced by a small number of industries seeking to stand out by environmental positioning from technological innovation. It was possible to notice concerns with the use of green chemistry, the reduction of the anthropogenic load on the aquatic environment and the paradigmatic break with the conventional cleaning products and clothes washing.
Keywords: Life cycle, circular economy, sustainable production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Criteria for Performance Evaluation in Municipal Solid Waste Management
FERNANDES, M. L.; RODRIGUES, A. P. (UTFPR); SOARES, A. C. (UNISEP); GOUVÊA DA COSTA, S. (UTFPR/PUC-PR); BORTOLUZZI, S. C. (UTFPR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (UTFPR/PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: The sustainability issue and sustainable development are terms of relevance in recent years, particularly associated with debates of corporate social and environmental responsibility. In this sense, the instruments of evaluation of environmental performance have the function of reflecting the management strategies integrating with the sustainability actions. Based on this context, the present work has the objective of evaluating the performance of sustainable operations in the management of solid waste in a city in the southwest of Paraná. For this, the particularities of the context are taken into account, identifying the indicators that meet the dimensions of social, economic and environmental concern. For the development of the model an adaptation of the Multicriteria Methodology for Decision Aid – Constructivist - MCDA-C was made, allowing the comparison of the proposed objectives with the indicators obtained from the literature and specialists in the area. From the conception of the model, it was diagnosed that the sustainability that involves the solid waste management operations of the city obtained a score of 30 points, presenting a market-level performance, with a great potential of upgrading to be implemented through improvement actions.
Keywords: Performance evaluation, Waste management, Multicriteria decision support, Sustainable operations
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Critical Analysis of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles in Brazil
WITTMANN, D.; BERMANN, C. (USP); WITTMANN, T. F. (Professional of the Private Sector)
|
Abstract: The transport sector
is
a drag on
worldwide
search for
sustainability. More than 850 million vehicles annually burn
trillions of liters of fuel, across the planet, emitting almost three billion tons of carbon dioxide. One alternative that
has established itself around the
world
is
about
electric vehicles. 4.5 million
of them, 95% hybrids, are already in
circulation. Brazil, with its fleet of 35 million vehicles,
was
licensed by 2012,
less than 100
electric vehicles (not
100000, are
100).
Why? This study aims to provide a critical analysis for large-scale integration of electric
vehicles in Brazil. Specifically are presented and discussed
aspects related to charging, autonomous, acquisitive
investment, operating cost, impacts on the Brazilian electrical system,
on
the chain of ethanol and gasoline,
reflexes
in the country's energy matrix, and other related factors. Data are presented by classical methodology of
research, analysis and synthesis, occurring under their treatments multidisciplinary perspective. It developed a
quantitative and qualitative scientific
vision of
the
present
facts
and future projections, presenting them with
answers
about the ideality. The study concludes (1-6): 1) Electric vehicles represent a clean option from urban
centers, consuming less fuel and advantageous for countries with renewable resources for processing
in electricity,
the case of Brazil, 2) The government has refrained meaning
barrier integration, due to the concentration of efforts on ethanol and flex-fuel engines, 3) The main determinant of growth will be represented by public policies that may be adopted; 4) In the current parameters, the integration
should occur slowly without introducing large
array of problems in the country's electricity generation, 5) In the long term, large-scale integration could provide
reduction of final consumption for the energy matrix; 6) The big risk would not integrate: the country
would lag
behind of
the forefront of technology and by consequence lose the
participation
opportunity
of
the Brazilian
economy in an international market that already grows and tends to loom.
Keywords: Energy,
electric vehicles, energy planning,
renewable resources,
sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Crude Coconut Oil for Biodiesel Synthesis
G. S. Araújo; R. H. R. Carvalho; E. M. B. D. Sousa (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Biodisel production has become an attractive process, aimed at stimulating the production of
alternative fuels. This study presents the results of biodiesel produced from coconut oil (Cocos
nucifera L.), using acid catalysis (with H2SO4), followed by basic catalysis (with NaOH). A 1L
jacketed pyrex glass reactor with 3 outlets was used. A mechanical agitator, thermocouple and
bath for thermostat regulated refrigeration were introduced. The analysis of oil composition was
carried out by gas chromatography and esters compounds were identified.The effect of
oil/alcohol molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature on conversion was assessed using
experimental 23 planning with a central point, in triplicate, for the route analyzed.. The molar
ratio variable had the greatest effect according to statistical planning analysis. The maximum
conversion reached was 85.3% for a molar ratio of 1:6, temperature of 60ºC and reaction time
of 90 minutes. The Coconut oil was characterized by their physical and chemical properties and
key constituents in the oil. The lauric acid was its main component and even showed high
acidity. The biodiesel produced was characterized by its main physicochemical properties that
had very satisfactory results when compared with the standard values from the National
Petroleum Agency.
Keywords: Biodiesel, catalysis, Cocos nucifera, crude oil, coconut
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Cryogenics Containers for Cargo Transport
J. L. A. Lima; M. S. Nogueira Neto; J. B. Sacomano; J. P. A. Fusco (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to present cryogenics as an element in transportation systems, utilizing
carbon dioxide as refrigerant. This technology is not current, although its effective
application in transportation gain force after the Protocol of Kyoto, besides that studies found
out new ways to sequest CO2 at lower prices. Another feature to be considered is the
difficulty and high costs of the technology, used nowadays, to transport frozen and cooled
cargo, generically names reefer. This led the logistic community to search for alternatives
that minimized costs and maximized profits. The market for frozen and cooled cargo has
been increasing dramatically in emerging countries, such Brazil and China, and those
countries don’t own effective methods to evacuate and store the production of perishable
goods, creating logistics bottlenecks. Comparatively the proposed technology is more
ecologically correct, because uses recycle CO2, which would be emitted to the atmosphere,
in addition to that it doesn’t use electrical power in its application. Studies corroborated that
this technology is economically feasible, for the fact of being cheaper and is a bactericide
agent, joining to the legislation related to food security.
Keywords: Transportation, cryogenics, carbonic dioxide
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Cultural Differences in Environmental Behavior and its Antecedents: Comparative Analysis between University Students
IZAGUIRRE OLAIZOLA, J.; VICENTE MOLINA, M. A.; TAMAYO ORBEGOZO, U. (Universidad del País Vasco-Spain); CORDEIRO FILHO, J. B.; DA SILVA GOMES, S. M. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to make a comparison of the ecological behavior of University students from two
regions in different contexts: Bahia (Brazil) and the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country
(Spain). In this regard, 347 surveys from the Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) and 456 surveys of
the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) are
analyzed. College students are a study collective
especially interesting for their role as future decision-makers. It is intended to emphasize the educational
aspect, analyzing the role that environmental knowledge exerts in the development of pro-environmental
Keywords: Education, sustainability, pro-environmental behaviour, international comparison
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Cycle Assessment of Jeans Pants Production
MORITA, A. M. (UEM); MOORE, C. S.; KULAY, L. A. (USP); RAVAGNANI, M. A. S. S. (UEM)
|
Abstract: Brazil is the second major manufacturer and the third greater consumer of fabric for jeans pants production in the world. Considering this situation, in the present work it was studied the environmental impacts of the jeans pants production chain in Brazil. It was considered an analysis since the fiber extraction to the finishing stage of the jeans pants or a cradle to gate analysis. Life Cycle Assessment was used in the evaluation of the environmental performance of the jeans pants production considering practices, proceedings and operating conducts regularly in use in Brazil. The environmental impacts relative to the gas and liquid emissions and solid waste in the environment were considered. ReCiPe Midpoint method was used to the categories climate change, territorial acidification, fresh water eutrophication, territorial eco-toxicity, photochemical ozone formation and water depletion. After this, the impacts related to the resources consumption were computed, using the method Cumulative Energy Demand, to the categories non-renewable fossil, non-renewable nuclear, non-renewable biomass, renewable biomass, renewable wind, renewable solar and renewable water. Results showed that the stages of the cotton cultivation, thread transportation and jeans pants finishing have very important contribution in the environmental impacts categories evaluated. In terms of primary energy the consumption of crude oil and natural gas are the most important contributions. It is suggested for the reduction of these impacts substituting natural cotton by synthetic fibers, changing technology for finished jeans pants washing, using steam generators that burn biomass and, finally, developing studies to identify lower distances between the fiber production and the pants manufacturing to reduce the environmental impacts to acceptable levels.
Keywords: LCA, environmental impacts, jeans pants
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
D - E |
Data Envelopment Analysis in the Sustainability Context - a Study of Brazilian Electricity Sector by Using Global Reporting Initiative Indicators
SARTORI, S.; ALVARENGA, T. H. P.; GIBIM, C.; CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: A set of stakeholders (customers, employees, suppliers, public authorities, investors and others) pursuing different economic, environmental, and social interests determines the performance of an organization. In an effort to understand the corporate sustainability performance, this research focuses an analysis of sustainability indicators published in the reports of Global Reporting Initiative, disclosed by 24 Brazilian electricity sector in 2012. Indicators were identified and analyzed following: (i) a communication of economic, environmental, and social performance; and (ii) efficiency determined through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The results indicate that disclosures are often incomplete, and lack a pattern for similar indicators. Based on DEA, there is no direct relationship between economic value generated and distributed and efficiency, given that there are efficient large-scale hydroelectric plants and medium. In general, partial results are consistent with the conceptual assumptions that informal systems of enterprises promote sustainability, but their formal systems apparently have a very traditional focus on financial performance.
Keywords: Global Reporting Initiative, Data Envelopment Analysis, Triple Bottom Line, Brazilian electricity
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment
A. J. G. Santos (Anhembi Morumbi University), M. B. Nisti (IPEN)
|
Abstract: This paper describes a study for cleaner production liquid effluent assessment. The
radioisotope Tritium (3H), generated in the routine operation plant was stored in a 300m3
capacity tank. The tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid controlled
dispenser. The Tritium, potential pollutant was used as radiotracer for estimate the dilution
factor liquid effluent. A planned release for stored effluent tank was carried-out.
Simultaneously it was made sampling upstream of the storage tank discharge point,
monitoring the tritium concentration in the mix sewerage system point. The initial
concentration of the 3H was determined as 56881±3255 Bq L-1. The estimated dilution factor
for the aqueous effluent, in the discharge point E1 was of 4.3 and 7.4 respectively relative to
two consecutive days of planned release and diluted effluents sampling. The developed
methodology was rapid and without additional environmental or monetary costs, being able
to use in industry, mining, milling, agriculture and others human production field. As the
used radiotracer Tritium is already existent routinely in the effluent, doesn't increment
radioisotope concentrations into sewage and environment, the goal of cleaner production
practices and procedures.
Keywords: Liquid effluent, environmental assessment, radiotracer, tracer, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Decision Criteria for the Implementation of Cleaner Production
GUIMARAES, J. C. F.; SEVERO. E. A. (UCS); ROCHA, J. M. (UNIPAMPA); OLEA, P. M. (UCS)
|
Abstract: In the last three decades, but specifically after the conference ECO-92 (Rio-92) emerged a lively discussion around
the business world, on alternatives to improve organizational performance with a focus on sustainability, with an
explicit objective to minimize the environmental impacts caused by production systems. The use of environmental
practices has become a key strategy to achieve these great goals. Among the alternatives are the methodologies
of Cleaner Production (CP), which integrates a technology strategy, economic and environmental processes/products in order to increase efficiency in the use
of inputs and raw materials, by reducing waste, not generation,
minimization or recycling of waste generated, providing economic and environmental benefits for society and
organizations. This study aims to analyze the critical success factors of CP, found in five medium and
large
southern Brazil, as well as identifies organizational performance as a result of CP. The methodology used in this
research is qualitative, scoped multiple case study
conducted through semi-structured interviews and content
analysis. The key contribution of this study is to
develop a qualitative analysis of companies of varying sizes, using
a model of critical factors, presenting an option to the academic and business analytics implementation of CP.
Among the results of this research identified that
companies that have deployed CP have different characteristics,
with different levels of maturity, however there is
an improvement in the performance of the five companies due
to CP.
Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability,
decision criteria, organizational performance.
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Decrease Environmental Impact in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process
Givaildo Alencar Costa (Tecnel Eletrônica)
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Abstract: Due to the huge technological development and globalization phenomenon, Brazilian society has been pushed towards searching for new alternatives, in order to maintain competitiveness on a global market. One possible alternative is the use of standardization, especially ISO 9000, ISO 14000 and IEC standards. However, in the Brazilian market, a large number of manufacturers are far from the international scenario reality and that causes several losses on local and global market share. Nonetheless, this situation can be reverted by the adoption of Quality as a tool, and by providing small changes in the entrepreneurship attitudes. Therefore, that is the most important characteristic of standardization. This report shows preliminary results regarding the benefits acquired with the standardization for process, project, product, service, etc., if the target is not only economical benefits but also environmental protection. The methodology used was the case study. The process evaluated was Printed circuit board, single-face. The improvements achieved with this case study showed: a) significant environmental impact reduction, with less water and energy consumption; b) process efficiency increase; c) less raw material losses; d) less waste
formation. Thus, a standardized process is useful for several stakeholders; it is a way to increase security for stockbrokers, clients and society in general. It is clearly a way to increase revenues because it is a way to diminish costs, to improve technological skills and to decrease environmental impact.
Keywords: Circuit, PCB, environmental, standards and process
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Denim Weaving Technologies: Environmental and Economic Evaluation
SANCHES, A. G. O.; LUCATO, W. C.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. (UNINOVE - Brazil)
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Abstract: The textile sector is relevant in the Brazilian economy due to both job creation and industrial production value. Currently this sector faces the necessity to implement Cleaner Production tools for achieving the sustainable development goals as a consequence of pressures exerted by government and market. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the economic and environmental gains resulting from the utilization of the Design for the Environment considering two main technologies used to manufacture denim fabrics. To achieve this objective, a case study was developed in one of the major Brazilian denim producers where the two waving technologies are used in parallel. As a result of the case study, it was possible to conclude that air jet looms are more efficient than the older rapier looms, not only in terms of economic gains but also in terms of lower impact to the environment.
Keywords: Cleaner production; Design for the Environment; textile industry.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Design for Environment: Framework with Theoretical and Empirical Practices
ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J.; MENDES, J. V. (UFSCar - Brazil)
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Abstract: Design for Environment (DfE) is a product development technique that contemplates principles of environmental management covering the entire product cycle and can be an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact and to minimize the resources used by a product in its life cycle. In the face of growing pressure from society and governments in organizations for the development of products and services that reduce environmental impacts, the dissemination of DfE practices can facilitate the adoption of environmental practices, thus contributing to product life-cycle management. Theoretical studies on DfE did not show the existence of a systematized set of these practices. Thus, to fill this gap, this study aims to gather DfE practices in a framework. For this, the theoretical practices of DfE were mapped in the literature, by systematic review and, through a case study, DfE practices were identified, empirically observed. After the theoretical-empirical identification, they were analyzed, compared and gathered in a framework that presents the practices classified according to the stages of the product development cycle.
Keywords: Design for Environment. Theoretical Practices. Empirical practices.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Design of Cleaner Production Frameworks: an Operational Tool for Sustainable Transition
KHALILI, N. R. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); ROA-GUTIÉRREZ, F.; CHÁVES-ABARCA, R.; JAUBERT-SOLANO, W.; VALERIO-VINDAS, J. J. (Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Costa Rica)
|
Abstract: Growing out of macroeconomic agenda, streamlined resource efficient cleaner production guidelines emphasizes more than ever on the importance of organizational sustainability.The cohesion between resource efficient cleaner production and social and environmental responsibility policies also suggests that if institutionalized, cleaner production guidelines rooted in the concepts and depositions of sustainability couldresult in development of strategic managerial frameworks with micro and macroeconomic benefits. Appropriately, and in support of such principle, this paper suggests development of an interconnected managerial framework that can translate general principles of sustainability into formulation of the resource efficient cleaner production guidelines. The applicability of theproposed approach was tested in a pilot study in Costa Rica. While emphasizing on the importance of the local policies and perceptions of the internal and external stakeholders, results highlighted the need for institutionalization and customization of the frameworks according to organizational type, size, culture, capability, capacity and location. Although universal, the proposed framework could be specifically instrumental to the developing nations aiming at a sustainable transition.
Keywords: Sustainable development goals(SD), Sustainable transition, Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Cleaner production (CP), Costa Rica.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Design Methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Ethanol Fuel by CML 2000 with SimaPRO
I. D. Zapparoli (UEL), S. S. da Silva (UEM)
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Abstract: The aim of research is to study through life cycle assessment (LCA) economic and environmental
aspects related to the production of fuel ethanol from sugarcane, fuel be auditable
environmental improvements during its lifecycle and be forward alternative to fossil fuels is of
great strategic importance for Brazil. The methodological framework is based on the
recommendations of series ISO 14040 and CML method is used in 2000, life cycle assessment,
identifying impacts the following categories: climate change; destruction of the ozone layer;
acidification; eutrophication; ecotoxicity of freshwaters and human toxicity. This research
identify the environmental impacts at each stage of the lifecycle of ethanol fuel, can contribute
to the debate on the new forms of action of the State and of the challenges and market
prospects for the sugar-alcohol sector, after the deregulation of agroindustry, seeking a better
economic and environmental efficiency.
Keywords: Methodology, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), fuel ethanol, CML 2000, agroindustry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Detailed Evaluation of Cleaner Production in a Red Ceramic Industry in the State of Paraíba
L. R. Porto; E. P. de Almeida (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland); A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB)
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Abstract: This paper is based in technical, economic and environmental strategies application integrated to process and products on a red ceramic industry with the objective to increase the efficiency in the use of raw materials, water and energy, through reduction, no generation or recycling of wastes and emissions generated, with environmental, economic and occupational health benefits. The Cleaner Production program aims to identify actions of ecoefficiency in the areas, processes and machines of companies, in order to generate economic results, reduce the consumption of resources and prevent environmental impacts generated from inputs of processes. An evaluation methodology was developed by University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland to determine the potentials through the QuickScan Report and the software EcoInspector. Next step was the quantification of inputs, outputs, mass, energy flow, identification of opportunities to improve the performance through research, presentation of the best technical alternatives, economic and environmental feasibility. The stages of the productive process that where detached as eventual potentials of Cleaner Production are: preparation of the raw material, drawing, cuting and burning. 28 option were identified and 01 option was rejected, 21 options of immediate implementation, 06 feasible options, 03 options were implemented by company, being: to cover the clay with canvas, to use cut wire of 0,9 mm and levelling of drying area. One of the options of immediate implementation was to arrange an employee to clean the clay, this option represented reduction in electricity consumption, and an increase in the production. After the approval of the options by the company, it was set an action plan in order to certify the implementation of them.
Keywords: Red ceramic, cleaner production, energetic efficiency, ecoeficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Determination of Moisture in Tobacco Leaves through The Microwave Technique
GOUVEA, C. A. K.; FOLLETTO, M. A.; HURTADO, A. L. (SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: The determination of moisture in various industrial
processes is very important to monitoring the quality of raw
materials and products. As a result, a technique fast, cheap and reliable for determining moisture is
an object of
interest to all companies. In the tobacco industry,
traditionally, determines humidity by the mass loss, a
destructive technique, slow and random sampling. This study aims to validate the technique for determination of
moisture in processed tobacco leaves through the use of microwaves. The microwave moisture determination
technique is fast, easy, low-cost analysis, earnings stability and able to analyze 100% of the population, so this
study is justified by the importance in seeking improvements in the process. Through the variance analysis as
statistical tools for analysis of results these two
techniques, weight loss and microwave, was compared and
verified that there is a low dispersion of the measured values and similarity in the measures. So, in addition to again in time and preservation of samples, there is
no waste generation with the microwave technique, when
compared to the technique of mass loss, demonstrating environmental gains beyond the technical gains,
also
showing up as reliable as conventional methodology
for moisture content determination.
Keywords: Microwave, tobacco moisture, techniques for moisture determination
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Determination of Relevant Environmental Impacts and Benefits Caused by Balbina Hydropower at Amazon
D. Wittmann; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
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Abstract: While Brazil exploits less than 30% of its hydrological potential to generate electricity, the
hydroelectric generation system operates near the limit of capacity. In parallel, more than 10
projects, totaling approximately 2,500 MW (megawats), are hampered, some of them about
from 20 years, without generating electricity, due to environmental issues. There is uncertainty
in terms of new investments, and controversy about the losses and environmental benefits, this
the central point. This study engages in determining relevant environmental impacts and
benefits beyond the generation itself, using the methodology of accounting emergy (Odum,
1996), which based on the ecology, thermodynamics and systems analysis, is able to assemble
in a common unit (joules of solar energy), values both physical, as social and economic. For both
is studied the hydropower Balbina, in the Amazon, selected, first by being considered the worst
Brazilian example in terms of environmental performance, second because the northern region
of Brazil is that most shows potential to be exploited. This paper presents that Balbina shows
favorable environmental sustainability. There are apparent signs, but left doubts about the
beneficial role socio-economic. The most representative environmental damage is represented
by the emission of gases causing the greenhouse effect, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane), mainly due to the extensive and shallow flooded area, and their inappropriate
preparation for flooding, in combination with the natural and complex climatic condition of the
Amazon.
Keywords: Production of hydroelectric power, emergy, environmental sustainability, Balbina hydropower,
Amazon
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Determination of the Amount of Emitted Carbon Dioxide Due to the Construction and Operation of Refrigerating Cycle with Ammonia Vapor Compression and Evaporation Temperature between -30ºC and 5ºC
P. S. G. Carvalho (UNIP), M. M. Pimenta (USP)
|
Abstract: The refrigerating cycle for ammonia vapor compression has its use very spread out, because
it can generate very low temperatures and operate in some temperatures of evaporation.
The present work aims at to quantify the emitted carbon dioxide due to the construction and
operation of a refrigerating cycle for ammonia vapor compression that operates using the
hydroelectricity. As Costa (1982) the temperature of evaporation must be enters 5 ºC the 15 ºC inferior to the cooled environment. It adopts the case more criticize considering
environment cooled in the -20 band ºC the 5 ºC implying temperature of evaporation
between -35 ºC and -10 ºC. In the development of this article it will be used the
computational program Engineering Equation Solver (E.E.S) and methodology developed for
the authors.
Keywords: Refrigerating systems, conservation of fish, refrigerating cycle for absorption
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Determining CO2 emissions and storages in a commercial bamboo plantation
L. Ghelmandi Netto; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
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Abstract: This work aims to quantify emissions and storages of CO2 in a commercial bamboo plantation using a CO2 eq. mass balance. The species of bamboo examined in this work is Bambusa vulgaris, the main bamboo species cultivated in northeastern Brazil.
Labor inputs were not taken into account as they do not emit CO2.
In both sceneries considered in this study to perform the CO2 balance, and the CO2 captured in the bamboo plantation exceeded that emitted.
Keywords: CO2, commercial bamboo plantation, CO2 emissions and storages
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Developing a Conceptual Framework for Assessing Printing Companies Operations Sustainability Pratices
KAI, D. A. (PUC-PR/SENAI-PR); LIMA, E. P.; GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E.(PUC-PR/UTFPR)
|
Abstract: There is a worldwide concern with sustainable development and this has compelled organizations to modify their
management systems and operations design in order to fit to this new environment. To have a sustainable
business and operations means to be economically viable, to reduce or even not generate waste, to conserve
energy and natural resources, to be safe to workers, communities and consumers, to improve quality of
life, and
to share value. It is noticed that Brazilian printing companies understand these demands and they are
promoting
changes in their strategy, business models and operations systems. The main goal of this research is to propose a
conceptual framework for organizing sustainability
practices in printing industry companies’ operations. It is
intended to answer the following research question,
based on manufacturing operations analysis: Does the
printing industry runs its operations in a sustainable way? Observing standards practices for economic,
environmental and social sustainable aspects. It was conducted a literature review and also it was recovered
secondary data from governmental institutes and agencies as well from printing companies associations.
These
elements helped in characterizing the context, structures and processes for designing, implementing and
managing printing enterprise sustainable operations. The proposed framework intends to contain best practices
for developing a sustainable operation and to be used for auditing and normative purposes. This will allow
companies to adapt their operations models and systems in order to create a real sustainable enterprise.
Keywords: Printing industry, operations management, sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable manufacturing
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Development of a Complement for Animal Feeding from Microalga Chlorella sp Biomass
CANTU, L. C.; PRADO, M. R.; BALLAO, M. C. R.(UTFPR); RAMALHO, A. M. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: This work had as objective to cultivate the microalga Chlorella sp., and use their freeze-dried biomass to produce a fish feed supplement, comparing the characteristics of microalgal biomass with a commercial fish feed. After the culture, separation and lyophilizing process for preservation of the samples, characterization tests were carried out, such as proteins, lipids, ashes, moisture, carbohydrates and biological assays. The physical-chemical tests were carried out on the micro-algae Chlorella sp., in the diet for pure fish (Bottom Fish), and in mixtures of fish feed with the microalgae Chlorella sp. in different proportions. An increase of the protein content by 0.83% and the lipid content of 239.47% was observed. There was a decrease of 6.97% in the carbohydrate content, as well as in the ash and moisture content, which were 34.65% and 24.26%, respectively, in the substitution of 50% of microalgae in the feed composition. As fish demand a higher protein demand for their development than the other animals, the greater protein growth is measured when a microalga is incorporated. The Chlorella sp. presents as a promising complement for fish feed presenting a crude protein content of 36.9%.
Keywords: food technology, bioenergy, centesimal composition, alternative foods
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of a Environmental Methodology for Solid Wastes Management in Higher Education Institutions
C. R. Vaz; A. B. Fagundes; P. C. Machado; I. L. Oliveira; J. L. Kovaleski (UTFPR)
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Abstract: This work aimed to present a critical analysis about the development of a methodology for
solid wastes management in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Researches were
undertaken on technical rules and on the specialized literature on Environment over the last
ten years. In a comparative study between methodologies ISO 14001 and Cleaner Production
(CP), it was verified convergent and complementary points to its implantation in a HEI. It
was done a case study at UTFPR-PG, where factors like environmental aspects and impacts,
initial environmental diagnostic, purposes and targets and the way the campus fits with CP
were surveyed and analyzed. It was possible to conclude that the application of ISO 14001
altogether with CP can effectively contribute for an improvement in the competitivity of
HEI´s and magnify the vision about the environmental tools application in this sector.
Keywords: Higher education institution, cleaner production, ISO 14001
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Development of a Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Industrial Symbiosis Indicators
PIERE, B. A.; MANTESE, G. C.; AMARAL, D. C. (USP)
|
Abstract: The concept of Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) consists in a business community that aims to improve the economic, social and environmental performance through the cooperation and sharing of services and waste among companies, which characterize the Industrial Symbiosis (SI) process. It is possible to find, performance indicators for the measurement and monitoring of symbiosis, however, there is not a consolidated indicator, which purpose is to guarantee the quality, reliability and objectivity of environmental and social impact assessments. This article has as main objective to adapt the criteria proposed by Mantese et al. (2016) in the development of a questionnaire to be applied with specialists in the evaluation of indicators of industrial symbiosis, using the methodology of Cloquell-Ballester et al. (2006) for the validation of environmental indicators by specialists. It presents the developed study and the online form and the results of its test with an expert of indicators. The result shows that the questionnaire is able to be applied and presents the future stages of this research.
Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Validation of Indicators, 3S Methodology
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Development of a Tool to Enhance the Monitoring of Licensed Industrial Activities and Promote Continuous Improvement
RODRIGUES, V. I. (UFRGS/Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente-RS); TUBINO, R. M.; MALFATTI, C. F. (UFRGS); BERWANGER, J. A. (UFRGS/Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente-RS)
|
Abstract: Environmental licensing in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul is an instrument used to command and control, which requires compliance with legal requirements and environmental standards, but does not encourage continuous improvement. This approach is carried out at all stages of the licensing process, and because it is focused on controlling environmental aspects, and not minimizing or reducing them, it encourages the use of end-of-pipe technologies and not the search for cleaner technologies. Instrument of command and control, it is important in the beginning of the implementation of the environmental management, but it can not remain for long, as it does not generate evolution, paralyzes environmental development, and generates a dependence on state oversight to maintain the system. This work aims to propose a methodology for the use of a licensing and monitoring policy for industrial activities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based not only on an instrument of command and control, but also on an economic instrument. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a matrix to determine the environmental performance of companies. As requirements of this matrix will be placed, the mandatory compliance (laws and conditions and restriction of the environmental permition), the environmental management and the ones that indicate continuous improvement. The input data from this matrix will cover the period from 2013 to 2016. The sum of the requirements in this matrix will result in a percentage from 0 to 100%, where the closer to 100%, the better will be the performance. The objectives and goals of each indicator were initially established, assessing compliance with legislation and improving its best outcome. In this first moment the calculation of the index will be evaluating the best performance of the enterprise itself and with the evolution of the tool the objective is to make comparisons with the results of the same branch and finally the best practices performed in the world. The performance evaluation could be used by the Environmental Agency as an indicator for which projects to supervise, but also, by the Secretary of the Environment, as a tool to begin to change the environmental management policies, working with environmental incentives for those companies with the best performance. Initially, the matrix was applied to companies in the metal mechanic sector, from the activity of surface treatment activity with painting and without casting, of the city of Caxias do Sul. This will be the pilot group, but the matrix will be elaborated so that it can be used By all branches of industry activity. The results obtained with the matrix, demonstrate exactly what the theory describes, in an environment where the control imposed to the entrepreneur is by the attendance of a legislative standard and not the demonstration of continuous improvement, there is no evolution of the environmental performance over the 3-year period of the companies. Therefore, the inclusion of a tool to evaluate environmental performance is a necessary instrument for the country's environmental evolution.
Keywords: Environmental permtion, Instrument of command and control, environmental performance, continuous improvement
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Actions of Socio Environmental University Responsibility in Semiarid Northeastern
G. D. Silva, Y. M. Paz, C. M. C. Rocha, A, L. Jacob , S. G. El-Deir (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Socio Environmental Responsibility University (RSU) is the way universities relate to the
environment and stakeholders. This term can be given to actions taken by other social
groups, including Corporate Social Responsibility (RSC). The capacity that the university has
to put into practice the knowledge, through processes such as management, teaching,
research and extension, giving answers to the academic community and the country itself,
featuring the RSC. The Environmental Management Group in Pernambuco (Gampe),
Department of Rural Technology (DTR), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE)
developed actions in the community of Poço da Cruz, Municipality of Ibimirim – PE. The RSC
activities were structured by the group through three distinct actions, such as Easter,
Christmas and Reading Solidary. The projects were based on the methodology of action
research, given this community to be under focus in several research projects and extension
UFRPE. This initiative represents a mutual gain for the university and society, as humanize
the process of teaching and learning, raises the social commitment of the student, creates greater connection with the various segments of society and contextualizes the academic
knowledge. The communities of the semiarid region of Pernambuco are characterized as
places of lower Human Development Index in Brazil, to the detriment of the lack of basic
infrastructure, as a poverty state of the population, privation and total absence of the
presence of public power, as concerning the structure of the minimum conditions for a life
with human dignity. This way UFRPE and GAMPE Group has been developing projects and
actions that can subsidize the empowerment of this community in endogenous processes of
local development. In this sense the present paper aims to portray the actions of RSU and
discuss the results derived from these activities.
Keywords: University extension, semi-arid, rural communities
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Biosorbents from Canola Biomass to Pb2+ Removal
GONÇALVES JR., A. C. (UNIOESTE - Brazil); SCHWANTES, D. (UFPR - Brazil); CAMPAGNOLO, M. A.(PUC-PR - Brazil); BRACCINI, A. L.(UEM - Brazil); CONRADI JR., E.; ZIMMERMAN, J.; MANFRIN, J.; DE OLIVEIRA, V. H. D. (UNIOESTE - Brazil)
|
Abstract:The quality of water is a subject that has been discussed a lot nowadays, mainly regarding the removal of various contaminants of this environmental compartment. Since the importance of this resource it was included into the global objectives of the UN sustainable development - which aiming to asseguarate the sustainable disponibility and management of the water. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potenctial of Pb2+ removal of waters trhough solid waste (pie) of hybrid Hyola 411 canola by adsorption proccess. In this study four adsorbents were developed, being them: C. in natura, which was the precursor of the modified adsorbents (C. H2O2, C. H2SO4 e C. NaOH). These adsorbents were characterized by MEV, FT-IR, pHPZC, TG/DTG, BET and BJH. It was also realized studies relating the possible interaction between the pH of the Pb2+ solution and adsorbent masses, as well as the kinetic (through linear models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion) and adsorption equilibrium studies (through linear models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich), and some thermodynamic parameters (∆G, ∆H and ∆S). The obtained results for pseudosecond order suggest the chemical adsorption of Pb2+ (Ho & McKay 1999). It was observed a good adjustment for the models of Langmuir and Freundlich suggesting adsorption in mono and in multilayers. The highest values of Qm and Kf were obtained for C. NaOH. Good adjustment was also observed for D-R with C. NaOH exhibiting value of E > 8, suggesting chemisorption of Pb2+. According to the results obtained for thermodynamic studies C. H2O2 was the exception among the modifications, showing positive values of ∆H suggesting an endothermic system. The other adsorbents exhibited ∆H < 0, ie., exothermic systems. The values of ∆G < 0 indicate the ocurrence of spontaneous adsorption of Pb2+. The positive values of ∆S ilustrate the increase of disorder and randomness of the solid/solution interface, suggesting the irreversibility of the reaction. In this way, it is concluded that the modified canola with NaOH presents great potential for use in the removal of Pb2+ with increase of 2,6 times in the adsorption capacity, representing an excellent environmental and economic alternative for the removal of this toxic element from the environment. The use of these renewable adsorbents can contribute significantly in water treatment systems, besides being a new and important destination for canola agroindustry wastes, thus helping in the development of a sustainable society.
Keywords: modified adsorbents, toxic metals, contamination, sorption.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Catalytic Materials for Degradation Photoelectrochemical of Pesticides
G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM), S. Aquino Neto, A. R. de Andrade, A. L. T. Fornazari, D. W. Miwa, A. J. Motheo (USP)
|
Abstract: The application of electrochemical methods is an interesting and clean alternative for the
abatement of toxic organic pollutants. The present communication details the study of the
synthesis of electrode materials of nominal composition Ti/PbXTi1-XO2 (onde X = 0; 0.05;
0.10; 0.20 e 0.30) and their subsequent use as electrodes for degradation of organic
pollutants using both electrochemical and photo-assisted electrochemical techniques.
The results obtained demonstrate that the materials produced are interesting from the point
of view of organic removal. The application of simultaneous UV radiation with electrical
current was capable of removing greater amounts of the organic load (32% in under 1 h)
than the purely electrochemical technique alone.
Keywords: Photo-assisted electrochemical degradation, formaldehyde, pollution control
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Environmentally Friendly Products: Case Study in a Germany Company Producer of Household Appliances
J. B. Fonseca, F. C. A. Santos (USP)
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Abstract: This paper presents results of an investigation into the development of environmentally friendly
products: case study in a Germany company producer of dishwashers. Concepts of eco-design
and life cycle analysis are shown in the literature review. The case study uses these concepts to
investigate the dishwashers produced by the German multinational company called Bosch und
Siemens Hausgeräte. Historical quantitative analysis of water and electrical energy consumption
from the first versions of dishwashers until the most modern ones, as well as the systems which were implemented and improved in order to achieve the targets linked to the reduction of water
and electrical energy consumption, are presented.
Keywords: Product development process, life cycle analysis, case study
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Industry Sugarcane in Mato Grosso do Sul State: Impacts and Benefits of the Production Energy from Cane Sugar Farming
REIS, J. G. M. (UFGD); COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP); MACHADO, S. T.; OLIVEIRA, R. V.; SANTOS, R. C.; JORDAN, R. A.; OLIVEIRA, E. R.; DELIBERADOR, L. R. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: This study analysis the production of the bioenergy
from the benefits and environmental and social impacts of the
supply chain of sugar and ethanol. Thus, it was analyzed papers and data about scenario of Mato Grosso
do Sul
State, considered the fifth largest producer of ethanol from Brazil. Data are showed regarding the production and
productive process discussed from the viewpoint of
production cleaner. The research results showed that the
benefits have been measured and presented as a great alternative to fossil fuel, however has not the
systems and
data that measure the environmental impact of these
plants in Mato Grosso do Sul State, mainly regarding the
heating region.
Keywords: Sugarcane industry. Bioenergy. Clean Production. Environmental Impacts.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Development of Public Policies that Enhance the Reuse of Materials in the Brazilian Industry
MURAKAMI, F. K.; SULZBACH, A.; PEREIRA, G. M.; BORCHARDT, M.; SELLITTO, M. A. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: This study analyses the definition of public policies designed to encourage the reuse of waste. A multiple case
study with nine Brazilian industries was performed.
All these companies reuse materials in their production
process, or have the potential to do so. The follow
ing elements were investigated: types of public policies, market
and technology. The question that guided the research was: How to define public policies that lead to
sustainability without compromising the public funds? The findings showed that the penalties imposed by the
government can induce the reuse of materials. However, the low market value of the waste, the absence
of a
technology to reuse the material, the reduced availability or the high geographical dispersion of the
waste can
reduce the efficiency of those penalties. In such cases, the policy makers must analyze the waste market value
and the type of technology available. For some materials the combination of these elements is enough to induce
the reuse of materials. Public funds or policies are not required in such case. High sums of public resources may be needed to finance the development of new technology. But such public investment is restricted to a short
period of time. Other materials only require public
funds to support the workers that collect and segregate the
materials. The support to these workers may be more
effective than the granting of economic benefits to
companies that reuse the waste. Such support may save a huge amount of public resources, as well as generate a more decent income for several poor people in Brazil.
Keywords: Environmental sustainability, public policies, industrial waste.
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Development of Wood-Thermoplastic Pellets Made of Starch Adhesive to Injection Molding
GONDAK, M. O.; ARAÚJO, M. S. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The techniques of conformation of pellets of thermoplastic-wood composite involve the use of extrusion machines or hot mixers. However, the manufacturers of wood dust can not afford such expensive equipment, so this work shows the possibility of cold conformation of pellets of plastic wood with the help of an adhesive based on starch and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The adhesives were prepared with 10, 15 and 20g of soluble starch for each 100mL suspension. Then, the adhesives were mixtured with 30% of sawdust and micronized LDPE. Laboratories tests were performed evaluating Melt Flow Index and mechanical characterization in the compounds, as well as testing of injection molding, which indicated that the material has great potential to be used, since the resistance increases with the concentration of starch in the adhesive and with the amount of adhesive in the compound.
Keywords: wood-plastic, LDPE, composite, starch adhesive, injection molding
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Diagnosis of Civil Construction Waste Generation in the Toledo-PR City - Analysis from 2005 to 2010
MOREJON, C. M. F.; BIANCO, T. S. D; FERRERA, J. L. (UNIOESTE); PLEC, O. (IDR-OESTE)
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Abstract: The current profile of Brazilian economic development, based on various production processes, intense
industrial
activity and population growth are some of the factors responsible for the rising generation of municipal solid
waste. In the present scenario of growth of the Brazilian economy, the construction industry is one of
the activities
with the greatest growth potential and at the same
time constitutes a sector with significant volume of waste
generation, with serious implications for the environment. In this context, the study aimed to present
the results
of diagnostic generation of construction waste (RCC) in the City of Toledo-PR, for the period 2005 to
2010. The
methodology included four stages, which are: development of a database with the evolution of films of
the
buildings in the city of Toledo-PR, during the years 2005 to 2010; estimate the potential of RCC according to the
types construction (renovation, expansion and new),
diagnosis of the current collection system in the
city of
Toledo RCC-PR, and finally the processing and systematization of the results by means of thematic maps
and
charts. As an example for the year 2010, the results showed a generation of 31 178 (t / yr) for RCC from the new
buildings, 1815 (t / yr) for reforms and 3217 t / year for expansions. Thus the total RCC generated in the city of
Toledo was 36,210 t / year. The topic maps show the
total generation of RCC in each district during the years
2005 to 2010 and the central area is the neighborhood with the highest waste generation, followed by buildings
located in neighborhoods Workers' Village, Coopagro Garden, Garden and Porto Alegre. Finally, a comparison was
made between the total waste generated (36,210 t / in 2010) and total RCC collected (average 76.6% of total).
Thus concludes that it is necessary to optimize the
management system of RCC, as the research on the
characteristics of the throne RCC shows that over 90% of these residues are likely to use, a situation
which is not
the case in the city of Toledo-PR.
Keywords: Civil Construction Waste (RCC), RCC Estimate Generation, Collection of RCCs, Toledo-PR
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Diagnosis of the Cleaner Production in Amazonas State
B. G. Pereira (INPA); I. R. Neto (UCB); K. Yuyama (INPA);
H. G. Pereira (Kali-Umwelttechnik GmbH Sondershausen - Germany) ; C. L. P. de Matos (SEBRAE-AM)
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Abstract: This study, shows a diagnosis of the application of the Cleaner Production (CP) in Amazonas State. From the analysis of reports from the Nucleus of Clean Production (NPL) and open interviews with managers and consultants of the NPL, was verified that the program generates economic, environment advantages, of health and occupational security. The results demonstrate that, in Amazonas, the culture of Clean Production is spread out by SEBRAE/AM for the NPL, since 2003. Up to 2006, 25 companies had implemented the CP program, and these majority is classified as micron and small companies. Twenty four of these companies are located in Manaus and take care of the local market. Almost all of these companies belongs to the commerce segment, the sales representation and also in the segment of the transformation industry. 75% of the companies who had applied the Cleaner Production (CP) are part of the Productive Group of Oil and Gas in Amazonas. About the implemented techniques of CP, 72% represent the adoption of good practices, including operational and management action, with improvements in the administrative system, storage, election and preservation of the solid residues and elimination of obsolete materials that can be recyclable. These practices have reduced residues and often have being implemented with low cost and Sebrae-AM subsidiary at Technological Consulting Program. In this case, was considered environmental regulation (fines, penalties, etc.), searching the conformity of these companies, to prevent serious cuts in the profitability caused by harmful actions to the environment. The work conditions improvements, like small reforms, implementation of security systems and selective collection and equipment purchase are some examples of these applied technological measures (22%). Another example observed was the care with health and occupational security. It was observed that one of the biggest challenges of the involved companies is the continuous improvement of the processes from the program of CP, since is a program that does not certifies yet. The CP concepts and potentials are obscure for the most part of the society and government; in this case it is being necessary to build a new politics for spreading and use of CP, as well as application in micron and small companies. This will generate for the companies one better strategical vision regarding environment questions and consumer requirements.
Keywords: Environment management, residues reduction, good practices, Amazonas
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Diagnosis of the Forest Fragmentation on Watershed Córrego Poço Grande, Ouro Verde do Oeste City, Paraná
D. Mondardo; A. Uhlein; D. D. Castagnara; F. G. Klein; A. Feiden; C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: The forest fragmentation resulting from the antropic action threatens the biodiversity of
ecosystems, be for the extinction or record reduction in the present genetic diversity in the
fragments. The great devastation in search of new arable areas and of more space for growth of
the cities has result in a mosaic of forest fragments an every chance minor and more isolated,
still hindering more the conservation of the genetic and biological diversity of the natural
ecosystems. The environmental adaptation of the rural properties proposed by the Project
Management by Basins, integral of the Program Cultivating Good Water, idealized by Itaipu
Binacional together with several partners, it seeks, besides other, the reduction in the impacts
caused by the forest fragmentation, through the restoration of the areas of permanent
preservation and of missing reservation legal. The present work evaluated the existent forest
fragmentation in the Córrego Poço Grande watershed, municipal district of Ouro Verde do Oeste,
Paraná. The microbacia was object of work of the Project Management for Basins, where the
rising was accomplished to field of the cadastral data, the use of the soil, environmental
liabilities and georeferencing of the rural properties. The data were processed for elaboration of
the cartographic maps of the properties, map of environmental diagnosis and project of
environmental control, and the mosaic of use of the current soil and proposed after
environmental adaptation of the watershed. Through the formed mosaics the number and the
size of the existent forest fragments were quantified in the watershed, the same ones were
characterized as of area of permanent preservation or of legal reservation, and classified in
agreement with the busy area. 65 forest fragments were observed in the watershed, and legal
reservation's areas came more fragmented, totaling 60 fragments. Most of the fragments was
considered small and very small, could be the bottle mouth for the preservation and survival of
the fauna and flora native of the area. The presence can be observed of only three fragments
considered exceptional, whose areas would supply conditions for the development of a lot of
species, tends conditions of maintaining the natural biodiversity of the area.
Keywords: Area of constant preservation, forest fragmentation, legal reserve
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Diagnosis of Waste from a Red Ceramics Towards to Cleaner Production
SILVA, R. G. (IFRS); SILVA, V. P. (IFRN)
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Abstract: There are not many diagnoses and studies, produced on the waste situation and residue generation in the field of the production process of the red or structural ceramics industry. Also, there are not many qualitative and quantitatively information about the waste and residues that have been generated. Therefore, this study seeks to preliminarily diagnose the waste situation at the company Villar Produtos Cerâmicos de Tangará-RN, with a view to proposing cleaner production (CP). The research method consisted on bibliographical and documentary research, as well as a case study of the cited company, including technical visits, observations and analysis of inputs and outputs of the production processes, following the CP methodology of the Brazilian National Center of Clean Technologies . The results showed that the largest input waste was concentrated in the extrusion, cutting, drying and burning processes. The first three added up to a water waste of 39.88%. The last two together wasted 76.23% of electricity. And, only, the burning was responsible for 30.15% of the clay waste. It is concluded that it's imperative for the red ceramic industry to take advantage of CP techniques to reduce production waste.
Keywords: cleaner production, sustainability, red ceramics, diagnosis, waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Diagnostic of Cleaner Production in the Industrial Sector
DE LA CRUZ, G.M.; CONTRERAS, R. B.; ALONSO, M.
(University Rafael Landívar, Guatemala)
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Abstract: This report sets out the findings, recommendations and benefits expected for the industry, through developed CP studies, at eleven companies from different industrial sectors, made by Engineering Students from Rafael Landívar University, to strengthen their knowledge and skills in CP applied to their discipline and increase the adoption of best practices in cleaner production and sustainable development, participating at small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMES). The activity is part of theprogram Academic Social Responsibility (RSA), and the research areasof the Faculty: productivity, energy, environment and food security. This should apply the students’ knowledge acquired during their career, evaluating and proposing improvements with solutions focused on cleaner production and sustainable development in different companies, as well as recommendations to be followed in the future for its implementation and/or continuity. The authors acknowledge the support of the "Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas" project in development of CPactivities at University. This initiative is funded by the U.S. Department of State, under the "Pathways to Prosperity in the Americas" initiative, through Higher Education for Development (HED). The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the article. The development of this activity was supported by the technical cooperation agreement signed between the University (URL) and the Guatemalan Cleaner Production Center (CGPML), with the aim of promoting and facilitating the implementation of better practices for cleaner production and sustainable development. The students participated in CP training activities and sustainable development. Diagnosis gavethe participants opportunities for production improvement, achieving integration between the industry and Academia.
Keywords: Academic social responsibility, cleaner production, sustainable, small and medium enterprises development, production practices and environmental performance
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Diagnostic of the Domestic Effluents Management from Paraná State Rural Area
SILVA, D. F.; ISRAEL, L. H.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: Environmental awareness in rural areas advances in
relation to the preservation of water quality and their
reservoirs, but the management of domestic effluents considers treatment and the appropriate final disposal
moves at a slow rate across the country. In this way, the study aims to diagnose the conditions of the
rural
sanitation in Paraná State and the rural areas of Brazil. The data contained in IBGE, IPARDES, Water Institute of
Paraná and OMS database was collected. The results showed that: a) in the Paraná State 1.531.834 inhabitants
live in rural areas (in approximately 204.000 residences); b) the average of daily water consumption (for domestic
use) is 326.000 m³;
c) the domestic effluents generation potential is 261 mil m³ day-1; and d) the Rio Iguaçu
watershed stands out among the others in all analyzed aspects, because it has the highest population density in
rural areas, with approximately 690.000 inhabitants
and the consequence of this is the higher water consumption
(103 thousand m³ day-1) and the higher generator of domestic effluent (82.710 m³ day-1). Nationally it was found
that 16% of the Brazilian population live in rural
areas and that 75% of the rural residences use inadequate
domestic effluents treatment and disposal methods.
In Paraná State, only 19.35% of rural residences have a
sewage collection system or septic tanks. On the other hand, the study indicated as one of the critical factors the
lack of methods, processes and conventional technologies specific for domestic effluents treatment in
rural areas.
Keywords: Domestic effluents, rural sanitation, Paraná State
rural areas.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Different Paths for Sustainability through PSS
PEREIRA, V. R. (Mackenzie); KREYE, M. (Technical University of Denmark); CARVALHO, M. M. (USP)
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Abstract: Pressures from globalization lead manufacturing companies particularly in the healthcare sector to increasingly incorporate services into their offerings. They shift their core business processes to become solution providers such as Product-Service Systems (PSS) and create value for their customer base. This shift has also been termed servitization. The focus is often on business-to-business (B2B), where the PSS provider maintains and ensures operability of the equipment for a customer organization. Business models for PSS usually grow around the physical asset, which can be owned by the PSS provider who offers the asset’s use or owned by the customer who requests additional support for the asset. Value is added through ensuring the product performance and availability. Product-service Systems (PSS) increasingly characterize sectors with public-private partnerships such as healthcare. The adoption of such PSS can vary depending on the contingency of the business environment favoring different levels of servitization adaptations. This paper investigates how the pressures from the business environments constitute drivers for PSS development. The paper presents evidence from two case studies set in the healthcare industry in Brazil and Denmark. The presented data includes semi-structured interviews with managers and engineers involved in the PSS as well as secondary data. This paper shows that the business environments in the healthcare industry are characterized by increasing level of regulation and differ in their level of investments that determine whether the PSS development is customer pulled or provider pushed. The customer-pull in Brazil led to a quick adoption of result-oriented PSS while the provider-push in Denmark was characterized by a slower adoption of product-focused PSS. Both cases showed different levels of economic, social, environmental and operational issues. This paper contributes to current literature by understanding the different paths of PSS development is enhanced by explaining the drivers for providers and customers to engage in a servitization strategy and develop the required capabilities to be successful in this business opportunity. The most important drivers identified financial, operational and environmental.
Keywords: Product-service system; case study; environment; healthcare
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Different Perceptions of Corporate Citizenship in a Company in the Brazilian Power Sector
PACHECO, L. M. (FGV); KRUGER, C.; LOURENÇÃO, M. T. A.; ALVES, M. F. R.; CALDANA, A. C. F. (USP)
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Abstract: Currently, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) gave basis to the SDG Compass which invites all companies to integrate SDGs into organizational practices and evaluate the company's position on the issue. Corporate citizenship gained space in the discussion of the responsibilities of the firms regarding sustainability. Several models were developed for the later, being corporate citizenship one of those. Some authors advocate that this is not a stagnant concept inside a company, which must flow through stages for achieving maturity on the subject. Based on a validated assessment tool, a Brazilian company was surveyed and the perception of 131 employees on eight dimensions of corporate citizenship was measured. Considering the internal stakeholders perception of the concept a prerogative for a company’s citizenship performance, it is relevant to understand the general organizational climate to improve the internal marketing strategies for sustainability. Through a cluster analysis, it was possible to identify two distinct groups among the employees: ones that classifies the company in an early stage of corporate citizenship maturity and other that consider the company in a high level of maturity and understanding of this concept. Therefore, the integration of the concept among the different organizational areas, an important step when developing a sustainability strategy, needs to be reinforced through internal communication and alignment to engage employees in the corporate citizenship actions of the company.
Keywords: corporate sustainability; sustainable development goals; integration; internal marketing
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Difficulties and Barriers Observed in Cleaner Production Implementation: Literature Review
MATOS, L. M.; ANHOLON, R.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF)
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Abstract: This article has been written with the goal of contributing to the body of knowledge of Industrial Sustainability and, more specifically, initiatives utilizing the Cleaner Production methodology. As it is increasingly known in the academic and business community, industrial sustainability has nowadays become a matter of upmost importance. Therefore, the impetus to provide solutions and increase the knowledge basis of the different methodologies that aim to add up to this broader goal is highly relevant nowadays. The Cleaner Production approach is a preventive environmental eco-efficiency strategy that has been showing positive results since its debut in 1989. Since then, its goals have been broadened from the strictly operational dimension it had in its origins to a larger scope that seeks to embrace the goals of sustainability and, considering the triple bottom line strategy – economic, social and environmental goals – contribute to a more sustainable society. However, despite its dissemination, Cleaner Production methodology is not a unanimous consideration when companies’ strategies are formulated and there are factors that hinder its adoption. Aiming to address this issue, this article utilized the method of bibliographic survey to seek, in the recent literature, which ones were the main barriers and difficulties found at different levels in promoting and implementing Cleaner Production. A total of 111 articles about the theme and from well-known scientific publishers have been thoroughly reviewed and sorted by its relevance to the authors goal. After the broader review, 38 articles were chosen to comprise a table presenting the main categories of specific barriers and difficulties mentioned and how many and which authors brought up each category. The results and categories have then been discussed and a conclusion drawn. Observing the results, it is possible to state that there is still a significant number of factors hindering the adoption of Cleaner Production. Those refer to a myriad of internal and external factors such as the participation of social actors that include governments, labor force, financial institutions and also internal organizational and also businesses operational questions in knowledge management, funding, follow-up issues and lack of properly qualified labor force, among others.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, barriers and difficulties, literature review, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Disrupting the Business of Producing Automobiles: Technologies for Cleaner Production
C. Zapata (ESRC BRASS Centre - Cardiff University & University of California - UK); P. Nieuwenhuis (ESRC BRASS Centre - Cardiff University - UK)
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Abstract: The concept of innovation has been used in a wide range of contexts and the theoretical development has proven to be extremely valuable to provide important insights into intra-market competition and strategy. The automotive industry offers a fertile terrain for the progress of the uncompleted theory building process of innovation, especially with the introduction of alternative fuels and alternative powertrain technologies. The application of these concepts is fundamental for the sustainability of the entire industry.
This paper will look at the concept of innovation in the context of the modern automotive industry focusing on the notion of regulatory innovation of alternative fuels and alternative powertrain. For the purpose of analysing this issue, special attention will be given to the concepts of radical and incremental innovation, which will be applied to existing alternative fuels and alternative powertrain technologies, including hybrids, biofuels and hydrogen power. The article will explore these three categories looking at representative case studies: the Brazilian ethanol experience with biofuels, the development of the Toyota hybrid vehicle and the technological development of hydrogen fuel cells.
Keywords: Automotive industry, alternative technologies, innovation, biofuels, hybrids, hydrogen fuel cells
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Dissemination of Cleaner Production Tool In the Brazilian Public Universities
Flávia Pinheiro Faria; E. B. A. V. Pacheco (UFRJ)
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Abstract: The chemical industry can be considered one of the most responsible for dispersion of toxic substances in the environment, due to nature and to the amount of residues generated along its productive processes. It is not enough to attenuate and control the pollutants of this industry, but preventing or minimizing their generating source. Cleaner Production (CP) is a good tool for environment management, mainly in small and medium-sized companies which are the majority in Brazil, and it is considered an option for economical and environmental benefits, which can be tangibles and intangibles. Case studies in the industrial sector are being carried out by universities or governmental institutions, observing that independently of the branch of performance of the companies, the chemical processes are the ones that receive greater attention. A bibliographical research was done to verify the dissemination of the concept of CP in Brazilian universities through academic works. These studies showed that entrepreneurs’ awareness has been improved in relation to the environmental preservation. The digital libraries of public universities were accessed, concluding that Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Bahia states concentrated 63% of the documents found up to 2006. The majority case studies were developed in chemical companies and they were from master dissertations
Keywords: Cleaner production, chemical industry, Brazilian universities, case studies
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Dynamic Model for Evaluation of Sustainability of Brazilian Ethanol Production: Elements for Modeling
SILVA, O. R. (FMU); GUEVARA, A. J. H. (PUC-SP); PALMISANO, A., ROSINI, A. M. (FMU)
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Abstract: System dynamics is an approach to analyze the behavior of complex systems, such as the productive chains, strictly considering the inherent characteristics. This approach is based on mathematical concepts of nonlinear processes developed in mathematics and physics and consolidated in engineering. The concepts inherent in this approach assists in creating a mathematical model which represents a production chain by using computer simulation. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present the formalization of the dynamic model of assessing the sustainability of Brazilian ethanol production, its borders (external environment) and the scenarios needed for a deeper understanding of relation of cause and effect, causal loops and diagrams of flows and stocks as a result of the awareness stage, with regard to understanding the problems involved, the survey methodology known as design science.
Keywords: ethanol, system dynamics, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Colombia
BENAVIDES, A. E. (Universidad del Atlántico/CUC - Colombia); VALENCIA, G. E.; CARDENAS, Y. D. (CUC - Colombia)
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Abstract: The hybrid system switched to the production of electric energy allows supplying the energy demand in NonInterconnected Zones, contributing both to the improvement in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the rational use of energy. A comparative analysis of the performance of these systems was supported out in this study for four sites in the Colombian Caribbean region, using a dynamic model programmed in Matlab, which integrated the equations of a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine. AIR 403, a proton exchange fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyzer, a solar panel and a charge regulator based on PID controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flows in the cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power have obtained for the demand of 200 W for changes in solar radiation and wind speed for all days of the year 2013 in the Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso López airport and Simón Bolívar airport, by regulating the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell. The maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simón Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158,358W (9.45%). While the minimum has shown in Puerto Bolívar with 18,141W (3.745%), which allowed to evaluate the changes in the complementarity of these energies for this system. Finally, the simulations of the hybrid energy system allowed us to select Puerto Bolivar's location as the most efficient for the hybrid system's operation because the high potential of wind and solar energy makes it possible to have low consumption of hydrogen and oxygen flow.
Keywords: Fuel cell, PID control, Hybrid energy system, Caribbean region, simulation.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Early Stage Investment and Cost Calculation Methodologies for NOx Reduction Measures in Large Combustion Plants
MAYER, C.; MUELLER, A.-K.; FROEHLING, M.; SCHULTMANN, F. (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
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Abstract: The worldwide energy demand, especially in terms of electricity, has been rising significantly over the last few years. Even though the total share of renewable energy supply is growing, the global amount of fossil energy is still not declining. To lower at least the environmental effects of fossil fuel burning, the demand for emission reduction measures, especially in combustion plants, is becoming more prominent, in industrial as well as in emerging countries. The various implemented technologies differ in many technical and economic parameters. Consequently, their suitability depends on the specific application. A detailed estimation of investments and operating costs is an essential basis for plant operators in the early stages of an investment decision. Furthermore, policies may massively influence a national energy market and the depending industries by defining thresholds for emission levels and other technical parameters. In industrial countries detailed simulation models are used for this purpose on a micro- and macroeconomic level. In less developed regions, however, information on costs of large combustion plants and especially of emission reduction measures is scarce. Nevertheless, policy makers have a deep interest in methods for assessing possible effects of their decisions. The Task Force on Techno-Economic Issues (TFTEI, formerly known as EGTEI – Expert Group on Techno-Economic Issues), being part of the UNECE/CLRTAP (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/ Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) has therefore been working on a problem oriented cost and investment estimation tool for fossil fueled large combustion plants for the last few years. Its goal is to support policy makers to implement reasonable environmental protection standards by evaluating the microeconomic effects thereof. But TFTEI is not the only group working on that issue, other methods are in use as well, like (amongst others) the one published by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2003. The aim of this paper is to compare the two methods and show the specific advantages and disadvantages for cost and investment calculation of secondary NOx reduction measures. The two methods shall be introduced in detail, followed by a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the calculation results with regard to the usability of each method in the given context. The TFTEI method is based on specific investments of established plants that can be adapted to the needs of the considered application. The EPA method consists of a more detailed technical description of the process, which is then translated into investments and costs components via empirically determined conversion factors. Subsequently, the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies in the context of a cost calculation tool such as the one developed by TFTEI are discussed with a special focus on the characteristics and needs of the target group. The main outcome is that a calibration of the EPA method seems reasonable, as the calculation results are a lot lower than those of the TFTEI method, but within a steady proportion. Due to a lack of data, however, a calibration is not feasible at the current state. Further surveys are recommended to improve the data base and to reduce the uncertainty of the results.
Keywords: Techno-economic assessment, Emission Reduction, Emerging Countries, SCR, SNCR
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Eco Industrial Park Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Paracambi EIP
L. B. E. Veiga; A. Magrini (UFRJ)
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Abstract: This paper presents the Eco Industrial Park (EIP) concept, an environmental management tool that is being spread in many nations around the world as an industrial model that can reconcile the three “Es” of sustainability – environment, social equity and economic efficiency - as it reorganizes industrial practices and activities in order to meet sustainable development goals.
Although being an emerging concept, there are many EIP projects being implemented, and many of them already operating in North America, Europe, Asia, Central and South America, including in Rio de Janeiro State (RJS), Brazil.
This paper aims to present the development of EIPs in RJS focusing on Paracambi EIP, located in Paracambi municipality, the only pilot project to be developed in a greenfield site. This paper also presents a methodology developed for planning Paracambi EIP. This methodology was developed based on studies and projects developed worldwide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency US-EPA software Facility Synergy Tool (FaST) was a major tool used in order to plan this EIP.
Keywords: Eco Industrial Parks, sustainable development, industrial ecology, Paracambi Municipality
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Eco Innovation in the Context of Green Supply Chain Management: A Proposal of a Conceptual Framework
SOUZA, W. J. V.; SCUR, G.; HILSDORF, W. C. (FEI)
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Abstract: Both practitioners and researchers have been reporting a special interest in eco-innovation issues. The academic perspective points to the need that the number of researches should be increased in developing countries. A topic that has received little attention from the literature is the way in which a company can identify and develop ecoinnovations within the green supply chain management (GSCM) context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to analyze the eco-innovation deployment within the GSCM context considering: (1) the environmental practices implemented throughout the GSCM, classifying them by eco-innovation category (incremental or radical); and (2) the environmental performance indicators.
Keywords: GSCM; Eco-innovation; Environmental practices; Environmental performance Indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Eco-Efficiency Analysis of Hand Drying Systems
CARVALHO, J. S.; OLIVEIRA, S. A. (UFABC)
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Abstract: In order to meet current legal requirements that demand control and reduction of solid waste generation, as well as society's interest in more sustainable options in the execution of their daily activities, the paper addresses an Eco-efficiency Analysis comparing alternatives for hand drying in environments with different rates of movement of people: Shopping Center (high) and University Center (low). The Eco-efficiency Analysis, which analyzed the combined environmental and economic performances, was carried out based on internationally recognized methodologies, tools and databases, which follow ISO 14040 series standards. The technologies studied refer to those available in the market with the function of hand drying, from which the electric dryer by hot air jet was selected; alternatives of 5 and 15 seconds of constant use. The alternative in comparison consists on two or three towels of Paper offered in plastic dispenser. By means of a survey that counted with 1350 responses, it was possible to observe that about 75% of the target public has a preference for using paper towels, and this choice is mainly motivated by the requirements of practicality and hygiene. Despite this preference, 42% of the participants believe in the efficiency of electric dryers. It was also realized that the society is concerned about environmental and social issues arising from the production, use and final destination of both alternatives. In addition, approximately 69% of the respondents considered the option of electric dryers as the best alternative to reduce the impacts on the environment. After the analysis, the use of electric dryers by hot-air jet was pointed out as the most eco-efficient option. The drying time using the electric dryer is not significant in terms of environmental and economic impacts in either of the alternatives. However, the amount of paper towels used is determinant, and the alternative of three paper towels was presented as the less eco-efficient. It was also observed that in high circulation places, the use of electric dryer stands out as the most economical alternative. Thus, its use, in addition to bringing lower environmental and economic impacts throughout the life cycle, supplies the current governmental demands and the expectation of consumption of a significant portion of the target public of the research.
Keywords: Urban Solid Waste, Hand Drying, Eco-efficiency Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Eco-Efficiency Assessment of a Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installation in Accommodation and Lodging Establishments (ALE). A Case in the Guajira, Colombia
MEJIA, N. N. (Universidad de La Guajira - Colombia); VERA, L.D. (Universidad Nacional - Colombia); LOPEZ, G. J. (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Colombia); HERRERA, I. (CIEMAT - Spain)
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Abstract: Eco-efficient technologies for the production of electricity are those that when compared with other technological options generate lower environmental impacts and their cost within the energy system is less expensive. In Colombia and specifically in La Guajira, the potential of renewable energy (ER) is presented as an eco-efficient technological alternative to improve the environmental impacts caused in the production and consumption of electricity in the housing sector. In this sense, this document shows part of the results of a research developed as a doctoral thesis, carried out in the Accommodation and Lodging Establishments (EAH) of the department of La Guajira. The objective of this research is the development of a methodological model of eco-efficient technological solutions as a management tool that contributes to the environmental sustainability of the EAH taking into account that this region has great potential for the development of photovoltaic solar technology. In the current work, part of the results obtained in this doctoral thesis is presented. These results were obtained under a mixed experimental approach to a population of 375 ALE that had at least 5 years of operation and active registration at the Chamber of Commerce of La Guajira in 2016. A questionnaire of 58 items was designed and applied to a sample of 169 LAE. Likewise, for the construction of the Methodological Model of Eco-efficient Technological Solutions two methodologies were used: Methodology 1, consists in the technical evaluation through which the components of the solar photovoltaic system are dimensioned, either for autonomous systems or connected to the network, although in this research it was only designed for autonomous systems; Methodology 2, evaluates the eco-efficiency of photovoltaic solar technology by applying the Colombian Technical Norm NTC-ISO 14045 (2013). In this evaluation 2 methods were used, Method 1 involving environmental evaluation through the Cycle Analysis of Life (LCA), through the application of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 with the help of SIMAPRO software and the 2011 ILCD environmental impact method. Method 2 to assess the value of the product system. In this case, the solar photovoltaic system for the generation of electricity through the software HOMER PRO was created. Results show that although photovoltaic technology is more eco-efficient than the technology that currently works in the EAH (reduces the emission of CO2 by 74 %). From economical point none of the two technologies; it is ecoefficient because they do not have a rate of return on investment. This fact highlights the need to continue in this line of research.
Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic Energy; Eco-efficiency Technologies; Sustainability management; Accommodation and Lodging Establishments.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Eco-Efficiency in a Metalworking Industry of Campinas/SP Region: Reduction of Setup time and Carbon Footprint
LEME, R. D. J.; LOPES SILVA, D. A. (UFSCar)
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Abstract: Losses of time and resources, such as materials, infrastructure, financial capital, and labor can reduce productivity and competitiveness of industries. In order to promote cleaner production, lean solutions integrated to the sustainable manufacturing concept can be adopted to minimize such losses. This integration can generate competitive advantages not only in financial terms, but contributing also to reduction of environmental impacts, operational advantages, increasing productivity and creating more value to companies. In this context, aiming at reducing unproductive times, one can focus on minimizing setup time of machines and equipment. Considering a high precision mold making company from Campinas region of São Paulo State of Brazil, the following question arises: how to identify improvement opportunities to reduce setup times and activities on its machining processes? There are several approaches that could be applied to solve this question, however, this paper focused on the integration of sustainable manufacturing with lean manufacturing practices and, for this, an eco-efficiency study was carried out through the application of SMED tool integrated with Carbon Footprint of machining processes. The case study results showed that it was possible to reduce long setup times by up to 88.4%, while carbon footprint was also minimized by up to 81.3%. Simple improvements were performed at the evaluated machining processes based on simple changes, such as standardization of setup activities and time & methods procedures. Finally, the combined approach of SMED with Carbon Footprint can be used to assist more companies to improve ecoefficiency in manufacturing processes towards a more sustainable future.
Keywords: Eco-efficiency. Carbon Footprint. Quick Tooling Change. SMED. Lean Manufacturing
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecodesign and Cleaner Production: Production Inovation at the Furniture Sector
M. G. Farias (UDESC); A. da Silva (Moveis Neumann-SC); R. Langer (UDESC)
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Abstract: This article has as objective to demonstrate the importance and the results of the process of integration of the University of the State of Santa Catarina with the business sectors - in special, by means of the companies nets called “Local Productive Arrangements” at Furniture Sector, in the advances of the use of the concept of the Innovation, Ecodesign and Cleaner Production for the endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development.
Keywords: Cleaner production, innovation, ecodesign, local productive arrangement, furniture sector
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecodesign applied to sugarcane productive chain: cooperative mobilizations
I. K. Makiya (UNIP)
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Abstract: Sugar-cane productive chain presents a strong potential for ecologically maintainable options, which is important in Brazil due to a large number of sugarcane plants existing. Some positive aspects obtained by the Brazilian sugarcane chain during last years are the Genoma project that identified 50 thousand genes present in sugar cane, production of biodegradable plastic, the obtained sugar type white pollen (WHP) that requests less effort in industrial and technology process for using residues of the cane agro-industry in co-generation of electric energy, and so on. All these results in a high social-economic importance of sugar-cane chain to Brazil, but still there is a lack of studies on sustainability issues. In this sense, alternatives towards sustainability by considering a cooperative view are needed including programs for alternative energy sources (i.e. ethanol, biodiesel and biomass), alternative sources of biodegradable packings, and an ecoefficient redesign of the productive chain as a whole.
Keywords: Ecodesign, sugar-cane, alternative energy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecodesign Integration Models: Systematic Literature Review with a Systemic Focus
BRONES, F. A.; CARVALHO, M. M.; AMATO NETO, J. (USP)
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Abstract: The concept of integration plays a key role in Ecodesign, defined as incorporating environmental aspects with a life
cycle perspective into projects and the Product Development Process (PDP) of businesses. Assuming that
a broad
framework for a comprehensive integration adhering
to the principles of innovation management is still missing,
this article seeks to make a scientific state of the art of the theme, focusing on published Models. The
methodology associates bibliometric techniques and
content analysis, based on searches conducted on two
databases (Web of Science and Scopus) and several complementary sources giving priority to the primary
publications of the Models.The research identified
52 modelsthat were analyzed in depth, comingfrom various
types of publications and worldwide geographical origins, predominantly from northern Europe.It was possible to
trace a systemic pattern of the Models, using scientific concepts associated with the success factors
of innovation
management together with principles of environmental sustainability in business.The adopted three levels
segmentation (micro, meso and macro) covers the main issues and challenges of the Ecodesign integration in the
PDP of business, contributing to the analysis and comparison of the Models.Throughout the scientific literature
reported in this paper, a convergence and consolidation of Ecodesign knowledge was initiated, gathering scientific
constructs and best practices from various areas. The proposed systemic approach is a promising way to
synthesize the main constructs involved in Ecodesign integration and Life Cycle Management, and is a useful step
towards the construction of a complete integration
Model.
Keywords: Ecodesign, integration, models, systemic, development.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecodesign Methods focused on Remanufacturing
D. C. A. Pigosso; E. T. Zanette; A. Guelere Filho; A. R. Ometto (USP)
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Abstract: The consumption and production of products throughout its lifecycle is at the origin of most of the pollution and resources depletion that our society causes. The environmental impact of products at the end of their life can be considerably reduced by the application of remanufacture. Encouraged by environmental legislation, such as the WEEE in Europe, and motivated by aftermarket reasons, the importance of the remanufacture industry has increased lately, worldwide. Remanufacturing is defined as the transformation of an end-of-life product into an ‘as good as new’ product. The remanufacturing process includes several stages, including product disassembly, cleaning and identification of parts, parts recovery, testing and product re-assembly. To implement remanufacturable products successfully, they ought to been previously designed for that purpose. Thus, the initial phases of the product development process must consider the aspects of remanufacturing such as disassembly opportunities, facilities and reverse logistics. The consideration of theses aspects can be made by means of Ecodesign, which is a proactive posture of environmental management that, by integrating environmental concern to the product development process, aims to reduce the total environmental impact of products throughout its entire lifecycle, without compromising other important aspects, such as quality, costs, ergonomics, aesthetics, etc. There are several Ecodesign’ methods that focus on the remanufacturing process and can be successfully applied in order to obtain more sustainable products, minimizing its adverse environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to present some Ecodesign methods that focus on end-of-life strategies, including, among others, remanufacturing. It is important that all end-of-life strategies be related, since not all products’ components can be remanufactured. Hence, other end-of-life strategies, such as recycling and reuse, should be made possible and viable.
Keywords: Ecodesign, remanufacture, methods
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Eco-Efficiency: A Case Study in a Chemical Industry
H. M. de Pinho; M. N. Catanzano; P. J. C. Candeira (FAENG)
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Abstract: Eco-efficiency is of vital importance for the maintenance of organizations nowadays, not only
to maintain an ecologically speech accepted by society, but also because it brings all kinds of
benefits. As more companies seek respectability, the better the prospects for growth and
environmental integration. Moreover, it is a management tool which main function is the
environment preservation. This work addresses questions related to environmental
management through a system of eco-efficiency. During the development of this work, a
research was conducted at a chemical industry located in a petrochemical pole in Maua city,
Sao Paulo State. The methodology was based on a case study, therefore a questionnaire was
designed to answer what this organization has done in order to save resources. The results
show that this organization has carried out activities related to the topic, although there are
great opportunities for improvement in the management system currently applied.
Keywords: Eco-efficiency, management system, environment and sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecoefficiency in Portuguese WWTP
HENRIQUES, J.; CATARINO, J. (LNEG, Portugal)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production is a strategy that supports companies on their way towards sustainability by focusing their efforts mainly on the reduction of materials’ and energy’s use, on processes’ improvement, on cycles’ closing and on waste flows’ valorisation or elimination. This approach was used in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) by considering their running as an industrial process. In a flowchart all the inputs and outputs were identified. Energy was quantified and the associated costs were allocated. Special attention was paid to energy use in the treatment processes and therefore the higher electricity consumptions were measured. In each WWTP the efficiency in the removal of the pollution load was related to the energy consumption. For each WWTP an indicator (Value) relating removal efficiency to cost (or energy consumed) was established and used for benchmarking between the target WWTP. Possibilities, of reduction of materials and energy consumption in the normal functioning of the WWTP, were identified. Other improvement opportunities were detected in what concerns the inputs related to population training and information, namely those related to water savings, internal housing water reclamation and chemicals use.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainable Value, wastewater treatment plant, energy efficiency, eco-efficiency
[Abstract] [Organizational Report]
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Eco-industrialism: The Potential for Inclusive Growth with Bio-Plastic Production in Brazil Using Sugarcane Ethanol
P. Wells (Cardiff University-UK), C. Zapata (UNDP)
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Abstract: Eco-industrialism embraces the concept of spatially-concentrated and inter-connected
industrial activities that collectively are eco-efficient in the use of resources, though not
necessarily premised on renewable resources. One area of activity that has potential for
renewable eco-industrialism is that of bio-plastics; specifically in this case the production of
plastic feedstock from sugarcane ethanol along with downstream products manufactured
from bio-plastic feedstock for industrial or consumer markets. Eco-industrialism, in addition,
has little to say about the subject of inclusive growth – an important element in the social
and economic dimensions of sustainability. Inclusive growth means bringing some of the
wealth created by growth to the marginal elements of society. This paper examines the
nascent sugarcane ethanol bio-plastic industry in Brazil with a view to understanding the
potential of the sector for renewable eco-industrialism in general, and for inclusive growth to
mitigate rural poverty in particular. It is concluded that while the sector and the underlying
technology is only in the formative stages, there are reasons to suppose that there is
potential for inclusive growth and alleviating rural poverty by broadening income flows and
reducing income volatility risk to rural areas. The paper explains that the concept of ecoindustrialism
has thus far been limited in that it is not based on renewable resources per se.
Hence in theoretical terms the paper seeks to explain the significance of two possible
developments of the concept: a basis of on renewable resources; and an extension with ‘inclusive growth’. The analysis is grounded in an understanding of contemporary definitions
of bio-plastic and why it might be important e.g. in the automotive industry. Information on
the technology and scale of production, etc. is used to compare the bio-plastic sector with
the mainstream petrochemical plastic sector. We then present a case study of Brazil in which
it is shown that an embryonic bio-plastic industry exists, though it is far from being an ecoindustrial
cluster. The subsequent analysis argues that there is a strong sustainability basis
for developing a Brazilian bio-plastic eco-industrial complex based on sugarcane ethanol, and
outlines some potential policy frameworks to further encourage the development of such a
sector. It is concluded that there are broad social and economic benefits, such as greater
inclusive growth and higher retention of added value within Brazil, alongside the
environmental advantages of using sugarcane such as lower carbon emissions. The wider
theoretical conclusions are that eco-industrialism based on renewable resources could be the
foundation of a new form of materialism in modern society.
Keywords: Inclusive growth, sugarcane ethanol, eco-industrialism, ethanol, Brazil
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Eco-Innovation and Knowledge Management: How Are These Practices Related?
MADEIRA, L. M. M.; VICK, T. E.; NAGANO, M. S. (USP)
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Abstract: The article aims to analyze, using three different
tools, the relationship between the practices of eco-innovation
and knowledge management (KM). It is known that the
commitment of top management through education,
training, and deep intervention in the organizational culture, organizational change is essential for
the
implementation of environmental management systems.
Due to the importance of these aspects, management
should promote the creation of knowledge. As a way
to demonstrate the relationship that is the subject
of
research, the S Curve of innovation, the Standard Design Process Form (SDPS) and the PIT Diagram (Product
Ideas Tree) are studied. These methodologies were selected in order to characterize and enlighten the
process of
generating ideas in the eco-innovation. In addition
to the relationships found between the KM and eco-
innovation,
a set of five assumptions is listed in order to emphasize the results found in the discussion.
Keywords: Eco-innovation; Knowledge Management; Knowledge Creation; Environmental Management.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecological Construction a Model for the Sustainable Development
R. C. Kanning; E. C. C. de Aguiar (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The materials that constitute the urban garbage, the home deficit, the raised consumption of natural resources and the generation of residues for civil construction are subjects of great importance and concern for all nations. The project Unit Knowledge is presented as a proposal to minimize these problems, therefore the EPS (styropor), the PET plastic bottles, tire and bombonas, besides reducing the use of natural resources, such as sand and crushed rock, and propitiates an avoidance on the use of nesting mortar, provides raw materials for producing blocks and mortar, thus reducing the volume of the garbage to disposed; it has low cost of production and, under technical orientation, they allow to the future inhabitants the building of home units in reduced time.
Keywords: Unit knowledge, ISOPET, EPS, bottles PET, tire
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecological Cost Account Application in a Lean Manufacture Brazilian Automotive Project
SERRA, F. G.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; CALRGE, F. A.; SANTANA, J. C. C. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: Currently, the society has demanded attitudes from companies to reduce environment impacts derived from manufacturing processes and to reduce emissions from greenhouse gases. The Ecological Costs Accounting (ECA) is a theory for the companies to measure these impacts and then apply practices to solve them in an economically feasible, with social attitude and environmentally friendly. Thus, this study aimed to apply the Lean Manufacturing practices together with ECA’s theory in an automotive company, in order to verify their gains in Economic, Social and Ecological Dimensions. Thus, a study of case was developed in a Brazilian automotive company, in which was implemented a Lean Manufacturing project and their economic, social and environmental gains in seven years period. The obtained results show that it is possible to mix Lean Manufacturing practices with ECA’s theory, in order to minimize company’s social and ecological impacts. It was verified that the company obtained a cost reduction about R$ 118 thousand/year, improving their image for the society and reducing employees efforts, reducing their emissions in 481 t of CO2, which can be commercialized as carbon credits and there was a reduction of electrical energy consumption over 2.803 thousand kW/year.
Keywords: Ecological costs accounting, lean manufacture, environmental credits, reduction of environmental impacts
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecological Recuperation of Palácio dos Leilões
NOLLI, A. C. (UFMG)
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Abstract: This paper analyzes a proposal in the form of an early stage of a architectural, urban and paisagistic
project
aiming the ecological recuperation for the area of
the so-called “Palácio dos Leilões”, at the county
of Contagem,
Minas Gerais state. That area is being considered e
nvironmentally poor, unhealthy as it has being used
as car crashed deposit. The cars wait for dismantling and
their parts to be sold in order to be re-used. In this paper it will
be demonstrate new concepts which are related to a
cleaner and sustainable reuse since the shred process of
pieces and collection of fluids will be more sensible as to open spaces to create new forests surrounding the
factory. A small existing wetland in the place will
be recovery in order to integrate and adapt itself
to the
ecological system treated. The paper concludes towards a conceptual framework to support the architectural,
urban and paisagistic projects, reflecting on the main steps to achieve cleaner, sustainable and cheaper projects
for industrial demands.
Keywords: Clean construction industry, recycling, reforestation, sustainable architectural design
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Economic Viability and Flammability of Polyurethane Composites, Aluminum Sludge and Polyethylene Terephthalate Residue
MARQUES, D. V.; AGUIAR, A. C. (UNISUL - Brazil); BARCELOS, R. L. (UNISUL/SENAC - Brazil); SILVA, H. R. T.; EGERT, P.; MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL - Brazil)
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Abstract: Polyurethane is used in the construction industry because of its excellent thermal performance in roofs, floors, and concrete slabs. However, its high flammability restricts the use. The study reports the use of polyethylene terephthalate and aluminumanodizing sludge residues in the production of boards with different densities and fire resistance. Boards with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of polyethylene terephthalate residue were prepared to replace primary polyurethane raw materials, to which 20% aluminum sludge was added. In the horizontal burning test (UL94), the boards presented a combustion deceleration until flame extinction due to the presence of aluminum-anodizing sludge. There was a cost reduction of about 70% for the boards with the greatest amount of residues incorporated. The construction industry should consider incorporating waste into the life cycle of products from other segments as part of its formulations, saving natural resources and becoming more sustainable.
Keywords: Aluminum sludge; Polyethylene terephthalate (PET); Polyurethane (PU); Recycling; Flammability.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Effect of Extractive Removal on the Calorific Power of Wood Residues
T. Rossi, L. F. de Moura, P. R. Torquato, J. O. Brito (USP)
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Abstract: In mechanical processing of wood, the generation of residues is an unavoidable factor. The
use of wood residues has gained increasing importance due to the large amount generated
and improper disposal, which causes serious environmental damage. Burning of such
residues to energy generation is an increasingly usual practice. However, the wood residues
hold substances that could be recovered before burning. These substances are the wood
extractives, which may have many uses as natural dyes for fabrics, foods and cosmetics, as
well as substances of interest to medicine. Thus, it is of great interest to study the effect of
extractive removal on the calorific power of wood. In this work, the calorific power of four
species of woods commonly used in sawmills (ipe, cedroarana, and jatoba) and residues of
urban arborization (Brazil wood ) were evaluated before and after extraction in hot water. In
woods studied, the calorific power showed three patterns of behavior after removal of
extractives soluble in hot water. For Brazil wood, the removal of extractives caused no
significant change in calorific power, which suggests that there is no potential energy in
these wood extractives. For cedroarana and jatoba, extractive removal led to a decrease in
wood calorific power of 161.3 kcal/kg and 40.1 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates that the
extractives from these species have a positive energy potential. Finally, for ipe, the removal
of extractives resulted in an increase in calorific power of wood (67.6 kcal/kg), which might
encourage the recovery of extractives from wood residues before burning for energy
generation.
Keywords: Calorific power, extractives, wood residues, recovery
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Efficiency and Allocation of Emission Allowances over more Sustainable European Countries
CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' - Italy)
|
Abstract: Uncontrolled CO2 emissions and excessive energy dependence strongly contribute to climate change preventing economic and sustainable development. The European mitigation program is very ambitious: new objectives up to 2030 provide for a 40% reduction of GHG emissions and an increase of 27% for renewables and energy efficiency. Competitiveness would save on imports of oil and gas, to increase the gross domestic product and create new jobs in the renewable energy and energy efficiency. This study uses GHG emissions, total energy consumption and renewable energy consumption as input variables for the evaluation and the analysis of the economic and social sustainability performance of Countries belonging to the European Economic Area. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model allows the identification of the less competitive areas in terms of sustainable growth and the Zero Sum Gains Data Envelopment Analysis model is used to determine how they should vary the inputs so that the economic system reaches efficiency.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Management, Renewable Energy, ZSG DEA
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Electric Supply and Autonomous System for a Cleaner Production of Pesticide-Free Aeroponic Food Products
HOYOS, F. E.; CANDELO, J. E. (Universidad Nacional de Colombia); CHAVARRIA H. J. (Colombian Aeroponics Company)
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Abstract: Aeroponics allows a more efficient agriculture because the possibility to grow plants in places where conventional open-field agriculture is difficult. The use of technology allows to improve efficiency of the processes, although some energy control and irrigation system solutions must be improved. This paper presents the application of an autonomous power supply and an irrigation control system for the pesticide-free aeroponic food production. The system was designed using Matlab-Simulink-MPLAB tool to perform the control model and to be applied to the crop. Besides, a dsPIC was programmed for the irrigation cycle control algorithms using Matlab-Simulink blocks. The results show that the irrigation cycle and power supply help to maintain uniform plants in the crop, which allows a better development of the aeroponics.
Keywords: Pesticide-free food, aeroponics, autonomous irrigation system, cleaner production, electric power.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Electricity from Poultry Manure: A Clean Alternative to Direct Land Application
BILLEN, P. (University of Leuven - Belgium); COSTA, J. (BMC Moerdijk - Belgium); VAN CANEGHEN, J.; VANDECASTEELE, C. (University of Leuven - Belgium)
|
Abstract: In the EU direct land spreading of animal manure is
restricted to avoid excessive fertilization of agricultural areas
with resulting eutrophication problems. The combustion of poultry manure in biomass power plants is an
interesting alternative to direct land spreading. In this paper, the environmental impact of combustion and of
direct land spreading of poultry manure are compared, considering three aspects of cleaner production:
sustainable energy production and GHG emissions, pollution prevention and recycling of materials.
In a life cycle perspective, it is shown that the production of electricity from poultry manure reduces the emissions
of GHGs, NH3, nitrates, SO2
and NOx
to the environment. The reduction of the emissions
and resulting decreased
environmental impact is partly due to the diversion
of poultry manure from land spreading and partly due to the
replacement of electricity production by the combustion of fossil fuels.
The combustion ash is rich in phosphorus and potassium, but low in nitrogen, so that it can be recycled as an
inorganic soil conditioner. The ash is dry, odorless, and free of pathogens, which are beneficial properties compared to fresh poultry manure. Moreover, the amount of heavy metals with respect to the macronutrient
phosphate, is unchanged compared to the poultry manure as it enters the combustor. Therefore, land application
of the poultry manure ash has the same environmental impact as poultry manure spreading. It may be considered
a means to balance the needs and use of phosphorus
between regions.
Keywords: Poultry manure, land spreading, combustion, environmental impact
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Electrochemical Discoloration of Alizarin Red S Solutions in Dimensionally Stable Anode
E. M. Moreira, F. L. Souza, D. W. Miwa (USP), C. R. Costa (UFTM), A. J. Motheo (USP)
|
Abstract: Alizarin red S is a dye utilized by textile and leather industries. As it is a dye, alizarin red S is
a potential environmental aggressor because it inhibited the photosynthesis in water bodies.
In this work we evaluated the discoloration kinetic of alizarin red S in dimensionally stable
anode in presence of phosphate buffer and, in some cases, in presence of sodium chloride
also. Removal values of color higher than 90% were obtained after 5 hours of treatment of
alizarin red S solutions containing 700 mg L-1 of this dye.
Keywords: Electrochemical discoloration, alizarin red S, rate constant
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Electrochemical Remediation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol under Different Agitation and Electromotive Force
R. C. Batista, D. D. Cordeiro, S. Manzani (UFGO), I. A. Silva, L. Angnes (USP), E. S. Gil (USP/UFGO)
|
Abstract: Among many species that exist in urban or industrial wastewater, endocrine disrupters are
substances that can alter the functioning of the reproductive system, causing feminization of
species, causing diseases like breast cancer, uterine cancer and prostate cancer, abnormal
sexual development, reduced male fertility, increased incidence of polycystic ovaries,
disturbances in the functions of the ovary (follicular growth and ovulation), fertilization and
pregnancy. In animals may deregulate the reproduction and development of organisms. Among
these substances is the 17α-ethinylestradiol as synthetic estrogen developed for medical use in
hormone replacement therapies and contraceptive methods , havinghigh potential estrogen and
has been ranked as one of the most responsible in triggering endocrine changes in organisms
exposed to surface water . This paper presents a study of the use of sheets of carbon as
electrode material for electrochemical remediation of 17α-ethinylestradiol. In this context we
evaluated the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation for ethinyl estradiol at different flow
conditions, potential and electrolytic means.
Keywords: Endocrine disrupters, cardboard, carbon electrochemical oxidation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Electrodialysis as an Alternative for Treatment of Nickel Electroplating Effluent: Water and Salts Recovery
BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); RODRIGUES, M. A. S. (FEEVALE); KRAPF, R. S.; BERNARDES, A. M.; ZOPPAS-FERREIRA, J. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Galvanic processes are one of the main activities contributors of metal discharges into the environment. The
wastewater generated contains high load of salts and metals that must be treated for recovery chemicals and
water, saving resources. In this work the treatment
of effluents from bright nickel electroplating process by
electrodialysis (ED) was studied in order to concentrate and extract nickel (Ni)and its salts and recover water for
reuse, saving industrial and environmental resources. This study was started as a case requested by an European
company, manufacturer of ED plants, due the operation of equipment used in the treatment of nickel plating
wastewater at an Brazilian enterprise.. After many
tests using real and synthetic nickel plating effluent and
determination of limiting current value in previous
works, one bench scale electrodialysis system was
evaluated,
containing five compartments cells separated by four 16cm2
membranes. It was used a synthetic effluent based
on
industrial baths composition, including salts and organic additives. Nickel extraction, pH and conductivity were
evaluated for all compartments. After ED, the treated effluent was evaluated by chemical analysis for
verify its
quality. It was found that ED treatment generates,
as product, a very low conductivity solution, allow
ing the reuse
as rinsewater, and a concentrated solution able to
fortify the bath and recover volumes lost by evaporation and
drag during the nickel electroplating process.
Keywords: Nickel electroplating, effluent treatment, electrodialysis, reuse
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Eletrical and Eletronic Wastes: A Challange for Sustainable Development and the New National Policy for Solid Wastes
R. Y. Natume (UTFPR), F. S. P. Sant´Anna (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The growing concearn with the generation of solid wastes in Brazil and worldwide has
challanged managers in several areas due to the scope of the emerging impacts, being either
environmental, economical, social or cultural. The 12.035 Act which establishes the National
Policy for Solid Wastes demonstrates how the brazilian leaders are worried about this issue.
The growth in the generation of electric and electronic wastes is due mainly to the growing
technological revolution in the past years which has produced equipments in large scale, with
varied uses. This growth results in an increase of the amount and diversity of equipments,
which for becoming obsolete fast, represent a significant percentage of discarded wastes
today. These electric and electronic wastes are considered dangerous due to their diverse
composition, mainly heavy metals which cause serious problems to human lives, animals,
vegetables, water beds, among others. In this perspective, this work tries to cooperate to
broaden the knowledge about this kind of residues and find possible solutions which could
minimize their environmental impacts. Companies cases are presented and analysed which
have already properly managed their electo and electronic residues. Other cases such as
some companies which have not yet implemented any kind of management of the residues
they produce and their difficulties to discard these wastes are also presented.
Keywords: Eletrical and electronic wastes, sustainability, recycling, reuse, national policy for solid waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Elimination of Mercury (Hg) in the Health Sector: the Case of a Hospital in the City of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
C. R. A. Chávez, M. M. Grano, M. E. A. Corrales, L. E. V. Contreras (UNISON-Mexico), P. Markkanen, C. Galligan (UMass Lowell-USA), M. B. Hernández (UNISON-Mexico), M. M. Quinn (UMass Lowell-USA)
|
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to provides an analysis of policies that are related to the
Hg, management practices (acquisition, storage, use and final disposal), as well as the
inventory of the sources of Hg in different areas of the hospital and propose actions for the
implementation of a cleaner production (CP) program in a hospital in the city of Hermosillo,
Sonora, Mexico. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and interview
assessment and inventory sheet. With the information gathered and an assessment glass
clinical thermometer was selected as the source of the most important Hg. Finally was
developed a pilot program of CP for a hospital, to assist in the implementation of alternatives
to reduce and / or eliminate Hg.
This case study showed some deficiencies in the hospital, such as lack of employee training,
inadequate practices for cleaning up spills, lack of policies for the removal of Hg, the lack of
identification of equipment and laboratory chemicals containing Hg. The actions
recommended include: promoting the creation of a policy to reduce and/or elimination of Hg,
to form a team in the hospital, develop support material for an awareness campaign, training
of nursing staff and medical material supply for cleaning spills of Hg, formulate policies for
the purchase of mercury-free devices, starting with the replacement of mercury
thermometers for digital thermometers. This case is part of Elimination of Mercury project in
Ecuador and Mexico Hospitals led by University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA, aims at
gradual elimination of mercury from healthcare facilities. Participation in the project is
voluntary.
Keywords: Mercury, hospital, pollution prevention, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Emergy Accounting and CO2 Emissions: Accessing and Remaining in the Physical and in the Virtual Learning Environment
OLIVEIRA, J. H. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to compare the
environmental
cost of
accessing and remaining in the physical learning
environment,
during
a typical school nigh,
by
the students attending a technicians' level course of Management at
the IFSULDEMINAS' (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais)
pole
located
in the city of
Jacutinga-MG
to the environmental cost
resulting from
a session- accessing and remaining
for a given amount of time
- on the virtual learning environment (VLE)
by the students from the Inconfidentes-MG
pole enrolled in a Distance Teaching version of a similar course carried by e-Tec (Open Technical School of Brazil)
during a typical distance
teaching study session.
By means of
emergy environmental accounting it
was possible to
verify that a typical virtual instruction session carried by students
living in locations
where the typical Brazilian
matrix hydroelectricity is
used to feed their computers will demand more from the environment than their
counterparts' use
of public transportation to commute to the physical classroom. On the other hand, calculations
for CO2
emissions
caused
by each system unveils a reverse situation
, as far as environmental impact is
concerned.
This study also
presents
a simulation by which one is able to verify that a student who uses thermo-electric
power
from a Diesel-
operated generator when accessing the VLE would
cause higher CO2
emission levels
than
does
his counterpart who uses public transportation to go to
and from
school and
use
classroom facilities.
Keywords: Distance Teaching, physical learning environment,
emergy,
VLE
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Emergy Accounting in the Two Systems of Generating Electricity Using Waste
I. Corsini; B. S. Carvalho; E. M. Pereira, M. C. A. Cunha, C. C. Silva (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: This article aims to assess by emergy accounting, two systems of electric power production.
Comparing two different realities, one that uses a power generation system installed on a
standalone mill in São Paulo and another in a Sewage Treatment Station (STS) located in
Uppsala, Sweden. The systems were measured by indicators that indicate the environmental
burden.
This methodology presents the results, synthetic and easy to understand that aid in the pursuit
of sustainable development and environmentally friendly. Based on our analysis of the digestion
system installed at the station ETE indicates disadvantages over the plant unattended.
This is due to higher utilization that makes the plant independent of renewable resources (R, N),
thus Transformity better, lower environmental burden and reduced pressure on the
environment.
Keywords: Emergy, STS, independent power plant, waste, energy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Emergy Accounting of a Course of Management at the Federal Institute of Southern Minas Gerais: A Case Study
OLIVEIRA, J. H. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to carry out the environmental accounting of a technicians' level programme of Management given by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) at an external unit in Jacutinga, MG using the emergy accounting method. This work is an integrating part of a broader case studyfeaturing a comparison between the implicit environmental costs behind this programmeand the Distance Teaching version of a similar course carried by the same institution.
Keywords: Emergy, information, CO2
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Emergy Accounting of Milk Production System: Is the Organic Label a Synonymous with Sustainable Production?
OLIVEIRA, M.W. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Agricultural production under organic handling can be found in different regions of Brazil and it is still under continuous expansion. Organic handling is an alternative production system which produces healthier food compared to chemical traditional agriculture. To be labeled as organic, the production system must comply with requirements of Law no. 10,832/03 which supplies definitions and rules aiming to constrain the use of some inputs into the production system.Notwithstanding, organics are usually considered as synonymous of sustainable products, but quantitative information supporting this statement is rarely found in literature. This raises doubt about the sustainable label associated to all organics. This work aims to evaluate the relation of binomial organicssustainable by considering as case study a certified organic milk production systemlocated in São Paulo State, Brazil. Emergy accounting (with an “m”) is the scientific methodology used to quantify sustainability. Results indicate that organic system (OS) has low renewability (%R of 19%), it explores natural resources in an inefficient way which results in high demand for resources from economy (EIR of 3.63 and EYR of 1.23), it demands high amount of non-renewable resources which causes moderate load on environment (ELR of 4.07), and finally it has low sustainability (ESI of 0.30). All these obtained emergy indices show lower performance when compared to values for agricultural ecological systems found in literature. In this sense, the OS evaluated should not be labeled as sustainable, overthrowing the thesis of which organics are synonymous of sustainable. Anyhow, it is suggested that other methodological approaches be used simultaneously with emergy accounting to assess sustainability under different perspectives of scale and time.
Keywords: Emergy, Organic milk production, Sustainable indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Emergy Analysis for Brazilian Cotton Agriculture
BLATT, E. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper is applying environment accounting in Emergy to analysis the Brazilian cotton agricultural production system. To determine which cotton agricultural production items, have more relevance. This study takes into consideration the diversity of Brazilian cotton production characteristics per region, the calculation data are the weighted mean per production per productive area. The results of this paper are compared into with two Brazilian and one North American Articles and the Emergy Sustainability Index results at all studied cotton production systems shown results <1 that characterize cotton agriculture as a short term value for sustainability classification. Demanding high amount of fertilizers and pesticides. Those are purchased inputs into the production system.
Keywords: emergy; environmental accounting; cotton agricultural systems, environmental sustainability metrics in cotton agriculture
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Emergy and Hydroelectricity
TASSINARI, C. A.; BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The construction of hydroelectric plants is a controversial issue when negative effects are focused on, since social
disruption, material or financial loss, crops, forest and soil loss, etc. On the other hand, benefits that would
otherwise take years to occur, such as employment increase, arise in shorter run due to this region's
development. In Brazil, the construction of “Run-of-the-river” plants, hydroelectric plants capable of
operating
with small or even without reservoirs, have been in
tensified. In 2005, 93 % of the electric energy available for
consuming was generated by hydroelectricity plants
and
according to the national planning elaborated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, hydroelectricity will remain
the predominant source up to 2030.
Global environmental benefits and costs for two Brazilian plants (Porto Primavera and Jupiá) were accounted for
in terms of emergy terms. The traditional emergy in
dicators were calculated as well as new indicators
were
proposed in order to evidence other aspects, such as matching between hydroelectric enterprise and region,
more adequate use of water, influence of reservoir
dimension and loss of ecosystem services.
Keywords: Emergy, Hydroelectricity, Environmental accounting,
Ecosystem service
|
Emergy Synthesis and Sustainability: Analysis of Emergy Flows in the Territorial Dynamics in the Municipality of Pitalito - Huila
SEPÚLVEDA, J,D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); RIAÑO, N,M. (ASOHOFRUCOL - Colombia); MERIÑO, L,I.; CARDENAS, Y. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This work shows the application of emergy synthesis in the municipality of Pitalito a small territory located in the Department of Huila in southwestern Colombia, the purpose of this application is to establish a basis of analysis for the identification of environmental, social and productive relationships in the systems under study, as well as the dynamics of generation, use and exploitation of energy in their processes, analyzing the energy intensity, environmental pressure, the structure of existing resources and the efficiency of their use. The analysis allowed to quantify the primary renewable flows and reserves, the dynamics and effects of productive and extractive activities in the territory, as well as the different interrelationships between flows, energy efficiency and sustainability in the framework of the integration of energy, territory and development -ETD- with a systemic vision, allowing the identification of critical points for the formulation of measures, decision making and policy approaches for territorial sustainable development.
Keywords: Emergy synthesis, sustainability, territory.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Emergy–based Environmental Accounting of the Engineering Course at a Paulista University Campus
A. P. Z. Santos; A. D. Frugoli; C. M. V. B. Almeida, P. A. Frugoli, C. A. F. Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This study applies emergy accounting to assess an Engineering course offered in an
educational building at Paulista University- UNIP. The building used by the Engineering
course at Campus Indianópolis is occupied by teachers, students and staff. Energy and
material flows used for construction and use of the building are evaluated. Information
provided to students is also accounted. The total emergy of the building (construction and
use) is 1.25 x 10e18 sej / year, where the concrete presents the most significant contribution
due to to the large number of classrooms and laboratories used by the Engineering course.
The second major contribution is due to the large investment in equipments, suggesting a
concern of the University with an appropriate engineer training. The total emergy of the
Engineering course (including information) is 5.20 x 10e19 sej (for a course with duration of
five years). This value is much higher than that corresponding to the building construction,
due to the high emergy of information. The emergy of the building contributes with 12.1% in
the engineers training and the emergy from information received by students accounts for
87.9%. The transformity of the graduated engineer is 7.4 times higher than that of students
entering the University. This increase is mainly associated to the knowledge acquired during
the five years course.
Keywords: Environmental accounting, emergy, university, ungineering, information
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energetic & Environmental Framework of Biofuels Plants
F. D. Soler (Siqueira Castro Advogados)
|
Abstract: This article addresses the variables of energy and environmental of Biofuels Plants, especially
when licensed in the State of São Paulo, with focus on the National Planning of the Electricity
Sector, the National Plan of Proálcool and Agroenergy, the Bioenergy in São Paulo State
Environmental and Licensing Biofuels Plants. Under the National Energy Policy are considered
the studies that prioritize the long-term vision of the sector of energy and are developed by the
Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) and National Energy Plan 2030 (PNE-2030) and the Ten
Year Plan for Expansion Electric Energy (PDEE). It is then reviewed the Proálcool, program for
the production of ethanol from sugar cane that the federal government sought to encourage in
the 70s, the production of alcohol in place of pure gasoline, reducing imports of oil. Recently
established the National Plan of Agroenergy, which presents some challenges for ethanol such as
the development of technologies sparing of inputs and the elimination or mitigation of
environmental impacts. The State of São Paulo, in turn, has said and also established a goal to
create a Bioenergy Plan Paulista, considering not only the issues related to national and
international markets for ethanol, but also the environmental aspects as management, legal
reserve, emissions weather and fire, mechanized harvesting, water consumption and carbon
emissions. Finally, this article discusses the administrative procedure of environmental licensing
of Biofuels Plants, giving emphasis to studies and reports on environmental impact (EIA / RIMA)
of such business, and stating the main environmental variables related to licensing, such as:
Public Hearing ; Strategic Ethanol Project Green and Agro-Environmental Protocol; Zoning AE,
Agricultural Policy, Master Plan, Soil Use and Occupancy; Impact Assessment Neighborhood,
Fauna, Flora; Permanent Preservation Area (APP); Legal Reserve (Reserve Legal); harvest of the
Cana - -Sugar; Conservation Units; Compensation Environmental, Water, Waste and
Wastewater; Fertirrigação System - Vinhaça, noise emission, Atmospheric Emissions,
Environmental Education and Heritage Paleológos, Archaeological and Historical Monuments of
Cultural Value.
Keywords: Energy, environmental, licensing, biofuels plants
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energetic-Environmental Assessment of Milk Production Systems in South of Minas Gerais State: Traditional Small Family-Managed Versus “Minas Leite” Program
OLIVEIRA, M. W. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In the state of Minas Gerais, which is considered Brazil's top milk producing state, a program named "Minas Leite" (Minas Milk) aims at increasing the productivity of
small family-managed agricultural properties by introducing
efficient farming management techniques. The program's goal is to reach every small family-managed producer statewide, which would probably result in a social-economical shift within the producing regions. On the other
hand, such program focuses on economic and social issues, raising doubts about the actual energetic-environmental cost of its implementation. Thus, the
aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis
regarding the energetic-environmental performance between the traditional model of small family-managed milk
production and the system intensified by the Minas
Leite program, both of which are representatives of the
southern region of Minas Gerais state. The embodied
energy analysis and the emissions inventory are taken as
scientific methodologies. Results show that for the
hectare/year functional unit the traditional model
performs
better as compared to the "Minas Leite", because it
demands 295% less energy for its activities (11,454 versus
33,768 MJ/ha/yr) and releases the same percentage ratio of gas emissions to atmosphere, indicating that
production intensification requires higher energetic cost and causes higher environmental loading. On the other
hand, when considering the amount of milk produced
as functional unit, the traditional model performed
worse,
because it demands 177% more embodied energy than Minas Leite system 17.40 versus 9.83 MJ/Lmilk) and has
higher global warming potential (2,675 gCO2-eq./Lmilk
) compared to Minas Leite (1,508 gCO2-eq./Lmilk).
Considering
that milk production is the main role of the two an
alyzed systems, the system intensified by the Minas
Leite
program has better energetic-environmental performance when compared to the traditional model.
Keywords: Milk production, sustainability, embodied energy analisys, gas emissions inventory
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energetic Inefficiency and Environmental Unsustainability in a Brick Making Industry in Alagoas
CALDAS, S. A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Some brick making industries in Alagoas are still using outdated technics and types of kilns. This situation was seen in an enterprise visited in the county of Matriz de Camaragibe which uses a typology of intermittent kiln, locally known as “caieira”. This paper tries to evaluate how and if the performance of this type of kiln could be seen as a model that widely wastes energetic resources. The study dimensions the losses and tries to understand how an industry could keep this equipment operating. The study faced problems, basically, in obtaining data from the operators of this type of kiln. These gaps were filled by the bibliography and data borrowed by similar cases seen in industries located in the same region. The study concluded two convergent aspects: that the losses were derived from the precarious structures of the industry itself; and that, economically and environmentally, the poor performance of the kiln is unbearable. At last, the study considers the necessity of knowledge about how is the energetic and environmental performance of the different types of kilns used by the brick making industry in Alagoas. These data could be used not only to mitigate the damages produced in the environment but, mainly, for limiting the usage of kilns by the brick making industry. That perspective can be decisive for the developing of a technology in which the bricks could be made without usage of a significant amount of heat.
Keywords: kiln, brick making industry, sustainability, energetic efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energetic Inventory in Automotive Industry
MURBACH JUNIOR, E.; MANCINI, S. D. (UNESP); GIANELLI, B. F. (IFSP)
|
Abstract: The constant automobile production growing in Brazil has lead the society and industries to review the concepts of product and process development, including environmental concerns. In Brazil, automotive industries develop their products using tools like Eco-Design (DfE – Design for Environmental), (DfR – Design for Recyclability), (DfD – Design for Disassembly) in a shy way. However, lean tools that reduce the production time are widely used. For environmental impact process researches Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the methodology that best adapts to this kind of approach for allowing ecological and economic feasibility studies. The main objective of this paper was to perform a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), restricted to electric power consumption, in a needle roller bearing manufacturing process. The manufacture of this roller bearing comprises 3 production steps: internal and external rings manufacturing, needle manufacturing and cage manufacturing. Considering only the power consumption of the equipment used in the roller bearing manufacturing, the rings production represents 69%, needle manufacturing 27% and cage manufacturing 4%. The heat treatment furnaces used consumes 58% of all electricity used inf the roller bearing production and should be the main focus concerning environmental impact reduction.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Inventory, automotive industry, Roller bearings
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energy Analysis of the Productive Life Cycle of the MDP Wood-Based panel In Brazil
SILVA, D. A. L.; VARANDA, L. D.; ROCCO LAHR, F. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a life cycle study of the MDP (medium density particleboard) produced in Brazil. This study
considers an energy analysis of the cradle to gate life cycle of the product, divided into two subsystems: forest
production and industrial production. For this, it
was assumed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique,
normalized by ISO 14040 and 14044 documents, and applying the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) method,
that computes the total primary energy used throughout the life cycle. According to results, it was checked that
the industrial production subsystem was responsible
for the major consumption and losses of energy, wi
th 87.0% of the total life cycle energy consumption, and 96.4% of all energy losses. Furthermore, in terms of energy
efficiency use, the industrial production subsystem
showed inferior results, with 79.8%, while the for
est production
subsystem showed 95.0% of efficiency. In this sense, we proposed some improvement opportunities focused on
the industrial production subsystem, considering some possibilities of optimization of energy use. We
suggested
the utilization of wooden residues generated during
industrial manufacturing of MDP as an energy resource. This
residue could be applied on cogeneration systems, to reduce electricity demand, and also reducing demand for
fossil fuels used at energy matrix from industrial
production subsystem.
Keywords: Forest biomass, MDP wood-based panel, life cycle assessment, energy balance.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energy Audits: Ecological Sustainable Research Center
VELAZQUEZ, L.E.; MUNGUIA, N. E.; HERRERA, J.; ESQUER, J.; ZEPEDA, D.(UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the obstacles to carry out the conduction of an Energy Audit in the Ecological Center of the State of Sonora with the final purpose of increasing the energy efficiency in its facilities. It is called Energy Efficiency (EE) when a reduction is achieved in the amount of electric power and fuels that are used without affecting quality (ACEE, 2017); to achieve EE, it is necessary to promote actions where technological innovation projects are linked (Huitron, 2017) because this type of technology leads to the reduction of energy consumption in order to regulate energy intensity (EI) (Factor Energia, 2017). EI is a relevant development factor to achieve an improvement in energy efficiency (World Energy Council, 2010), and this improvement is achieved through the reduction of energy consuming activities, as well as being more efficient in the use of it energy (Mendiluce and Linares, 2010).
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Energy Audits, Energy Intensity
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Energy Consumption vs. Investiments on Electric Sector: A Case Study on Eletrobrás-PI
OLIVEIRA, J.C . (Faculdade Santo Agostinho/UNIP); IBIAPINO, T. R. (Faculdade Santo Agostinho); MOURA, L. S. (UNINOVAFAPI), COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to study the evolution of energy consumption in the State of Piauí in relation to investments in renewable energy. Therefore, a bibliographic review was performed to collect the main data. The results show that in the period there was a considerable increase in the consumption of electric energy and few investments in the generation of renewable energy for the State. It was also observed that despite Piauí's potential in clean energy sources, investments continue to grow, giving Piauí a prominent role in the production of renewable energy.
Keywords: electricity, energy consumption, renewable energy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energy Efficiency Assessment of the Brazilian Pre-Salt Petroleum
CLASEN, A. P.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The recent discoveries of petroleum storages located at Brazilian coast could push Brazil as an important player in the world energy sector. A large volume offshore petroleum reservoir was found close to Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States; this reservoir is located in deep seawater (8km) after the pre-salt layer. Among others, due to all technological, economic, energetic, environmental and political issues regarding the extraction of this pre-salt petroleum creates challenges at the same time put uncertainties on the potential benefits obtained after its extraction. Focusing on energy issues, the large demand of materials and energy needed to extract the pre-salt petroleum raises doubts about its real energy benefit provided to society. This work assess the energy efficiency of petroleum extracted from the Brazilian pre-salt layer. Results shown an Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of 17.5; this indicates that for 1 Joule of fossil fuel invested on the pre-salt petroleum extraction would provide an average of 17.5 Joules of fossil fuel. This number points out a positive performance for the Brazilian pre-salt petroleum, which is similar to other systems as found in scientific literature; for instance, oil and gas production in China and Canada in 2010 with an EROI of 10 and 15 respectively, and a value from 0.8 to 10 to the ethanol from sugarcane.
Keywords: Embodied energy, EROI, Petroleum, Pre-salt layer
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energy Efficiency Based on Cleaner Production Approach on an A/C System within a Wire Harness Industry in the State Of Sonora
ESQUER, J.; JUAREZ, B.; ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: This paper shows relevant results on a study conducted into a wire harness industry in the city of Hermosillo,
Sonora, about Energy Efficiency into air conditioning (A/C) system.
The adaptation of the manual from the UN Programme Environment (UNEP) for a cleaner production program with a focus on efficient use of electricity was
used as a guide for the study.
Several options were generated in order to reduce consumption with different solution plans. A compilation of
technical data of the equipment used was necessary, thus making crucial the characterization of the electrical
energy consumption in the production area in KWH and how the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent would be
reduced by the implementation for each of these by taking into consideration the investment and savings plans, leaving top management the decisions for their potential implementation.
Keywords: Sustainability, Cleaner Production, Energy Efficiency, Air Conditioning
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Energy Efficiency in Maquiladoras of Electronic Components: A Cleaner Production Approach
VELAZQUEZ, L.; ESQUER, J.; GARCIA, R.; VARGAS, N.; VELDERRAIN, R. (UNISON)
|
Abstract: Estimates by the International Energy Agency show that the world’s demand for energy will increase 1.6% annually until 2030; this is mostly due to the rapid growth in the economies of developing countries. Currently, almost two thirds of the world’s energy resources are used in production lines; therefore, not only is energy management an operational and administrative priority for entrepreneurs, but has also become a matter of public and governmental concern. Given the fact that the manufacturing industry is a powerful energy consumer, energy efficiency has become a key element to maintaining competitiveness and core advantages, since not only it does contribute to cut costs and reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG), but it also aids maquiladoras in their efforts to build an image of prestige and repute in the eyes of the competitors, the employees and other stakeholders. It also helps them developing strong policies to grow as a socially responsible company and paves the way to true sustainable development. Despite the obvious economic and social benefits that efficient energy management means for companies and entrepreneurs, the manufacturing industry in developing countries still lacks strong energy policies. It is usually the international corporation that adopts and adapts energy conservation measures in host countries; if only as an extension of similarly built management techniquesused by the parent company in the countries of origin. Energy audits in Mexican maquiladoras have shown diverse results, this is mostly due to lax regulations and lack of rigor in compliance, poor employee training and significant differences in infrastructure and in the size of the plants. Nonetheless, opportunities for improvements have been identified in all maquiladoras audited and could, potentially, greatly reduce energy costs and GHS emissions.
Keywords: Energy audits, maquiladora, energy efficiency, energy management systems, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Energy Efficiency; A Step Towards Cleaner Production. An Integrative Case Study of the Meat Processing Industry in Hermosillo, Sonora
MUNGUIA, N. E.; POOM, T. G.; VELAQUEZ, L.; ESQUER. J. (UNISON, Mexico)
|
Abstract: The efficient use of resources within industrial systems is a key aspect to consider in order to achieve sustainability, this perspective leads to the necessity to integrate production practices that incorporate economical, ecological and social perspectives limiting the negative impact of industries toward the environment (Blenginin and Shields, 2011). In matters of resource efficiency, energy to empower production processes is now a priority, correspondingly, there is a relevance on the reduction of the use of energy and its negative impacts towards the environment such as carbon emissions. Therefore the intersection of cleaner production and energy efficiency is reinforced as a more integrative approach to achieve sustainability (UNEP, 2004). This work shows the results of the application of energy efficiency audit with the objective to reduce the negative impacts to the environments due the operation of a meat processing industry. In order to increase efficiency and upgrade its competitiveness.
Keywords: Energy efficiency, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Energy Efficiency Management
J. M. A. Godoi; S. Oliveira Junior (USP)
|
Abstract: Starting from the evidence that, in their forms of natural resources extraction,
transformation, transportation, storage and energy use, the energy systems interfere in
socio-environmental sustainability components, this work establishes the direct and
irrevocable correspondence between kilowatt-hour (kWh) or tons of oil equivalent (toe)
produced units, which their equivalent pollution emissions, like tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2),
nitrogen oxides (tNOx), etc, or human contingents that have to leave their habitat to
hydroelectrical plants, etc. In front of this absolute certainty and the high industry energy
demand, it’s revealed the crucial necessity of the industrial systems for sistematic energy
efficiency programs.
This article also demonstrates that, in its activities of planning, production and treatment of
final products and waste (of increasing entropy) and in its high level activities, as research
and development of new tecnologies, processes, materials and products whose result in best
efficiency of resources, the Cleaner Production has connection with the energy and with the
energy efficiency.
Keywords: Cleaner production, energy efficiency, energy efficiency management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energy Embodiment on Assembly Phase of Self-Propelled Sugarcane Harvesters
MANTOAM, E. J. (CNH Latin America); ROMANELLI, T. L. (ESALQ)
|
Abstract: The energy subject is one the main challenges of 21st
century. The geopolitical and environment aspects,
they are
concern sources to the current economic model. Energy analysis is necessary in order to monitor of scarce natural
resources, to supply, a world population in constant growth. Studies of embodied energy in agricultural machinery
are rare. The study aimed to determine the embodied
energy on assembly phase in the self-propelled sugarcane
harvesters. Two models were evaluated, so called: Machine 1 - equipped with wheels and tires; and Machine 2 -
equipped with metallic tracks, manufactured by a company located at Piracicaba region, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
The consumption of the input used in the assembly phase, was accounted, however, there is no difference in the
consumption of those inputs for both machines, because its use from a same infrastructure and assembly
time
cycle. The consumption data of the inputs were processed, presenting the materials flows used, which they were
multiplied by their energy index, resulting in the
embodied energy required by the production system. The results
show that electricity presented higher embodied energy (16,706.70 MJ). The embodied energy by demanded
by
labor, as well as, in the infrastructure, was low,
could be disregarded.
Keywords: Agricultural machinery, industry, mechanization, administration, life cycle analysis
|
Energy Generation from Biomass Residues in the Municipality of Xapuri /AC
BOYADJIAN, B. L. F. (USP/FAAP); ESCOBAR, J. F. TUDESCHINI, L. G. (USP); SANCHES-PEREIRA, A. (USP/c. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden); COELHO, S. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: The municipality of Xapuri is located in a region characterized by a diverse logging and agricultural expansion. As a result, Xapurihas a great potential for power generation from biomass residues so as to foster its local development. This study estimatesthe theoretical biomass volumes available in the region that has a potential for energy generation. For this, we used a 4 MW steam cycle turbine (Rankine cycle) as the baseline equipment. Our results show that local biomass residues are able to supply the energy demand of 26 houselholds.
Keywords: Xapuri municipality, Biomass, Residues, Electricity generation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Energy Planning for the Development of the RECP: A Case Study in the Hotel Sector
RODRÍGUEZ TOSCANO, A.D.; GARCÍA SAMPER M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The hotel sector is among the activities with the highest energy consumption, constituting one of its main operating costs. The efficiency in the use of resources and cleaner production (RECP) as a preventive environmental management strategy enables the efficient use of energy through the application of various options and relying on components of the energy management system, such as energy planning. they facilitate the process and allow quantifying their benefits. This article focuses on the study of energy planning tools, their integration in the RECP methodology and their catalytic effect in the development of the same. A case study is presented in a hotel in the city of Barranquilla-Colombia, the energy planning tools support the development of the RECP's application methodology in the case of the hotel, providing relevant information for pre-evaluation, implementation and planning of continuity.
Keywords: Energy planning, Efficiency in the use of resources and cleaner production (RECP), Energy management system.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Energy Production from Microalgae Biomass: The Carbon Footprint and Energy Balance
MEDEIROS, D. L.; SALES, E. A.; KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Bioenergy sources are promising alternatives for energy production in a sustainable world. Nevertheless many
research and detailed analysis are necessary to measure in which circumstances they can contribute to it. This
paper focuses on microalgae biomass combustion to produce heat and compares the use of different electricity
sources with respect to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and Net Energy Ratio (NER). Some fossil sources
were
used as reference. The methodology was based on ISO
14040/44 standards and most of the data were obtained
from scientific publications. The results showed that NER from microalgae combustion is still disadvantageous
compared to fossil options. Microalgae GHG emission
s were higher than fossil using the United States e
lectricity
grid but lower using the Brazilian one. Regardless
of the fossil options show slightly better yields related to
microalgae in the two categories analyzed, the fossil energy technology is mature and has less space for
improvements while microalgae is in its infancy and
have many technological solutions being developed.
Keywords: Microalgae, Life Cycle Analysis, Greenhouse Gas, Net Energy Ratio.
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Environmental accounting in emergy for a house construction
J. G. A. Carvalho; S. H. Bonilla; C. M. V. B. Almeida (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The present study uses the environmental accounting in emergy to analyze a house
construction. The energy and materials inflows are evaluated for each stage of the
construction. The final emergy flow for the building manufacturing process is 2,07E+17 sej
(solar energy joules). The results highlight the environmental cost relative to the different
constitutive parts of the building as groundwork, building frame, walls and covering.
Materials that are the major emergy contributors are cement, sand and stone.
Keywords: Emergy, environmental accounting, building manufacturing
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Environmental Accounting in Emergy for the Reserves of Clay, Gypsum and Limestone from the Point of View of the Brazilian Population Deficit
J. G. A. Carvalho, S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The present study uses the environmental accouting in emergy to evaluate the
behavior of the reserves of clay, gypsum and limestone when planned the
construction of 4,468 million houses (deficit Brazilian urban population).
Through constructive alternatives 3 (blocks of clay brick, concrete block and
gypsum blocks) are evaluated the effect on reserves and a discussion is made. The
alternative to concrete blocks is that has a smaller impact (investment) in emergy
in the three stocks studied.
Keywords: Emergy, environmental accounting, building manufacturing, mineral reserves, population
deficit
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Accounting in Emergy of Limestone Rock Processing for Agricultural Use
CORSINI, I.; SILVA, C. C.; TAGLIAFERRO, K. (IFSULDEMINAS); RODRIGUES, G. S. (Embrapa); LABIGALINI, I.; FRIMAIO, A. (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: This study performs the environmental accounting processing of limestone rock for agricultural use by
the emergy
synthesis of an enterprise operating in that sector, located in the municipality of Arcos - MG. In agricultural
limestone is used in order to correct the soil pH and provide calcium supplement for plants. The environmental
accounting literature of agriculture have only used
the transformity of limestone. In this sense, the
study
calculates the transformity of the agricultural lime including its processing. The methodology presents results that
are synthetic and easy to understand and that help
the pursuit of environmentally correct and sustainable
development. The analysis indicates that the total
system is emerging of 8.70 E+21 sej / year, resulting in a
transformity of 2.81 E +6 sej / J as a co-product of
4.30 and E+6 sej / J as' Split '. Regarding the limestone
transformity calculated by Odum (1996, 2000) the Agricultural Limestone represents a 2% increase in co-product
and 55% in 'Split'.
Keywords: Environmental Accounting, Emergy; Agricultural Limestone
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Accounting of a Building Used as an English School in Ouro Fino – Minas Gerais
LUPINACCI, D. M. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper analyses a building used to hold an English school in the city of Ouro Fino – Minas Gerais.
This analysis
was made only for the construction of the building
using a Brazilian norm that states all the material
used to build
a house in mass unit per km². Using the methodology
in emergy accounting developed by Odum (1996) it shows
the percentage of the materials used in the building that holds the English school. According to the emergy
analysis it is noted that the material that has been used the most in it is the cement (34.78%) of the
total
emergy, followed by labor (18.16%), copper (17.70%)
and the sand (14.16%). When the analyses is performed
by mass unit the material that has been used the most is the cement (48.21%), followed by the sand (35.45%)
and the ceramic (4.69%).
Keywords: Emergy accounting, transformity, building construction, building maintenance, building use
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Environmental Accounting of ABC Paulista Using the Emergy Synthesis
F. Sevegnani, C. M. V. B. Almeida, P. A. Frugoli (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The great growth of the urban population generates a great change in the life style, land use,
energy demand and consequent environmental pressure. In this way, studies related to
environmental sustainability of urban systems and the availability of natural resources are of
major importance. Emergy is considered to be a powerful tool to environmental accounting
and measures both natural and human resources to generate products and services. The
evaluation through emergy synthesis of cities, states, nations and its base resources
provides large scale perspective to evaluation of environmental areas and can help selection
of policies for public benefit. This preliminary study applies the emergy synthesis to evaluate
the sustainability of the cities that compose the ABC Paulista, accounting the local free
renewable resources that give support to the cities. It’s also done an evaluation of the results
based on the GDP’s and the HDI’s of each municipality.
Keywords: Emergy synthesis, environmental accounting, environmental sustainability, urban systems
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Accounting of Data Centers: Traditional Versus Cloud Computing
SALVO, A. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The growing demand for information technology services occurs in parallel to the ongoing technological advances
both in the computation and the me
ans of communication areas, in which data processing centers (DPC’s) are
either constantly updated or implemented. In order to optimize the DPC’s, several concepts and technologies have
arisen in the last few years, among which the so-called cloud computing is the most recent one and plays an important role. Such technique allows for improvements in the equipment use rates and, consequently, a
reduction in the expenses with electricity and infra-structure. Several studies display the technological and
economical benefits from the DPC’s in the clouds. However, there is a call for complementary studies in order to
assess the environmental costs for this new technology. In that sense, applying eMergy synthesis features great
potential. The aim of this work is to assess the environmental cost for the implantation and operation of DPC’s for academic use
by comparing a virtualized environment to a non-virtualized one. Results show that the non-virtualized DPC demands 3,39E+17
seJ/yr, 67% of which refers to operation and maintenance routines, including
expenses with electrical energy, labor and communication links. The virtualized DPC demands 86% more eMergy
than the non-
virtualized one, and its main cost comes from the acquisition of equipment, which reaches 60% of
the total eMergy. While the virtualized DPC demands a higher eMergy amount, it is nevertheless advantageous as
compared to the non-virtualized one when the benefits provided are accounted, i.e. the number of users and the
total processing power
(seJ/user
and seJ/Benchmark). In a general way, the technique of virtualization tends to
offer a better cost-benefit relation when compared to the non-virtualized environment.
Keywords: Data Center, Emergy, cloud computing, virtualization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Accounting of Strawberry Conventional Production
FRIMAIO, A.; SILVA, C. C.; DALLÓ, A. A. (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate and present the results
obtained by the emergy account of the strawberry
conventional production process. The strawberry production was evaluated by the environmental indicators and
compared with the orange juice conventional production system from Pereira (2008). The strawberry production
system has its Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR) of 1,53; Emergy Investment Ratio (EIR) of 1,88; Environmental
Load
Ratio (ELR) of 1,88; Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) of 0.81; Emergy per unit value (EUV) of
1,15E+13;
renewable resources percentage (%R) of 34,68%. These numbers show that the strawberry production system
has a better performance than the orange juice when
analyzed with the emergy account technique, if we
consider
both as food products.
Keywords: Emergy, strawberry, Environmental indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental accounting: the change of zinc plating for organometallic coatings to enhance performance and to minimize emissions
J. F. Faro; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This work evaluates the use of resources by two different surface finishing processess for metallic pieces, using environmental accounting. Organometallic finishing is gradually substituting the traditional electrolytic zinc finishing, as it improves corrosion resistance and diminishes efluent emission. Moreover, organometallic coatings donot use chromium in their composition. Results show that organometallic coatings are environmentally friendlier than zinc coatings.
Keywords: Coating, zinc, organometallic, chromium, environmentally friendlier
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental and Economic Assessment of the Adoption of Cleaner Production in Textile Spinning Process
OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; SILVA, P. C.; CORREIA, J. M. F.; LUCATO, W. C. (UNINOVE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The energy efficiency and reduced consumption of raw materials in the textile spinning process contribute to the goals to achieve sustainable development in terms of ensure sustainable consumption and production. The aims at developing economic and environmental assessment of the adoption of technological change as a cleaner production action in the textile spinning process. The method adopted was case study and for data collection used interview and observation in two spinning processes in a textile industry. The economic and environmental advantages were calculated based on the reduction of emissions and waste. Used Mass Intensity Factor for environmental analysis. The results measure economic and environmental gains, contributing to the decisionmaking process of new investments and evidence of optimization of raw materials, reduction of electric energy consumption, intermediate reuse and reduction of waste for disposal that are relevant factors to ensure sustainable consumption and production.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Sustainable Consumption and Production, technological change, Reduction in energy and raw materials consumption, Textile spinning process.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental and Economic Assessment of the Replacement of Grease based on Mineral Oil for Fiberglass fabric with Teflon® as Release Agent in Dubbing Process
STALTER, C. F.; MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The search of the companies by cleaner and more sustainable technologies has grown considerably. An alternative is the Cleaner Production actions (CP), aimed at non-generation, minimization or recycling. In this sense, this work aims to seek and apply CP concepts in the dubbing process of a company located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. In this particular case, dubbing, also known as collage, is held in a cabine with cubic format, whose sticky material is polyurethane adhesive. As the adhesive is applied onto the substrate, which is done with a specific gun, as a result of that a mist formation occurs and therefore its deposition concentrate on the walls of the cabin. Eventually adhesive layers are formed which must be removed and discarded as waste. In order to prevent sticking and facilitate removal of this residue, the walls were covered with grease based on mineral oil, and which turned the contaminating residue as class I (dangerous). With stocks of CP, we sought to eliminate the need of grease. To assess the feasibility of modifying the bonding process, the economic and environmental evaluation was performed. A better option would be to remove grease by a product that act in the same way. A release agent was tested: fiberglass fabric with Teflon, an excellent non-stick. As the tests showed satisfactory results, the product was applied to the walls of the cabin and began to replace the grease. Thus, we observed a reduction of costs, reduction in cabin cleaning time, not generating waste grease, possibility of reuse of polyurethane residue, eliminating contact between the operator and grease, transforming a residue class I (dangerous) in a residue class II (not inert) and financial return of the amount invested in 1.1 months.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Collage Booth , polyurethane adhesive, grease, Teflon®
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Implementation of Cleaner Production of Polymers in a Company
OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. UNINOVE/UFSCar); SHIBAO, F. Y.; CHAVES, L. E. C.; SANTOS, L. C. (UNINOVE); GODINHO FILHO, M. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental and economic advantages of implementing the Cleaner
Production in a plastic manufacturing company in the closed-loop recycling of polymers. The research methodology
was qualitative single case study, developed through semi-structured interviews and participant observation and
quantitative through Wuppertall method to evaluate
the environmental gains. The results of the research show economic and environmental advantages fairly representative.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Polymer Recycling, Environmental Advantage, Advantage economical
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Environmental and Economic Benefits in the Implementation of Cleaner Production in a Galvanic Company
G. C. de Oliveira Neto (UNINOVE), O. Vendrametto (UNIP), L. E. C. Chaves (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The chemical components, base of surface treatment processes generate chemical waste and
effluents that will drastically affect the environment and causes serious health problems in
the population. The main objective of this study is to show the economic and environmental
advantages in the implementation of Cleaner Production (CP) in wastewater treatment in a
galvanic plant. In this study occurred on proper disposal of solid waste and water reuse in
the production process while eliminating the plastic blister packaging equipment and
investment in rationing electricity. In particular it will show the calculation of return on
investment and the comparison between the economic and environmental gains resulting
from the implementation of Cleaner Production. The results were obtained at first by means
of qualitative research, reviewing the literature, then exploratory case study participant
observation. In possession of the data, we assessed the economic and environmental
advantages. For the evaluation of environmental benefits will be used the methodology of
Material Intensity (Wuppertal Institute). The tool was applied to assess the benefits on the
scale of the biosphere as a result of emissions reduction intervention on behalf of P + L.
Keywords: Cleaner production, economic advantage, environmental advantage, galvanic plant
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental and Energetic Performance Evaluation of Mouthwashes with Different Sensorial Aspect from a Latin American Plant
LOPES, L. C.; KULAY, L. (USP)
|
Abstract: Personal care industry is competitive and consumers’ opinion – based on sensorial perception – is decisive for success of a product or brand. In this context, environmental factor may be a market differential. Hence, this study compared energetic and environmental performance related to the production of 1.0 m3 of two mouthwashes which meet different consumers for organoleptic aspects, but presenting the same primary function. The evaluation was conducted according to Life Cycle Assessment technique. This brought up that Product ‘A’, a formula with short chain alcohol, presents Primary Energy Demand equal to 77.4 GJ/FU, while Product ‘B’, containing alcohol with multiple hydroxyl groups, requires 20.3 GJ/FU. In terms of impacts from emissions, Product ‘A’ again demonstrated lower performance versus Product ‘B’. In this case, unfavorable results of Climate Change, Agricultural Land Occupation and Water Depletion categories are pointed out. For all these impacts, significant contribution of inerting fluid is noticed in Product ‘A’ processing. Thus, consumption quantity of this utility material was varied for a Sensitivity Analysis. As reference for this estimative, the equivalence between Climate Change performance of ‘A’ and ‘B’ was assumed. In this condition, Product ‘A’ Primary Energy Demand decreased to 38.8 GJ/FU: a 50% reduction. In other exploratory assessment, Carbon Balance was carried out to both products, which sequestered CO2 portions from air were incorporated and biogenic quantity of the same compound was emitted to atmosphere. From this perspective, environmental performance of ‘A’ significantly surpassed ‘B’, since the first product was able to capture more carbon than its emission. The conclusions of this study are useful for future developments which can be implemented in the product systems of both personal care items.
Keywords: personal care; environmental performance; energetic performance; LCA; chemical processes
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Environmental Assessment of Natural Resources Located in Urban Areas: A Case Study in the Bacia do Pina and Parque dos Manguezais
T. B. Jerônimo (UFPE)
|
Abstract: Population growth in urban centers causes the reorganization of space, causing serious
consequences, and long-term shortages of natural resources. In this sense, there is a
preoccupation with the measures for conservation of natural resources in metropolitan areas as
the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco. The importance of this work is the proposition
preservation and conservation measures in areas affected by the inappropriate use of natural
resources. This article analyzes the environmental impacts, using the method of Rodrigues et al.
(2000), suffered by the Bacia do Pina (this consists of rivers, and represents a key element in
the dynamics of estuarine ecosystem) and the Parque dos Manguezais (one of the last remnants
of mangrove preserved at Recife). It was observed that these areas suffer from the ground due
to speculation - building, highway and proximity to a shopping mall near by the mangrove,
deteriorating by the deposit of waste affected by the disorder of the urban area, among other
factors. This shows the indifference of the public on these sites and the need to integrate the
community on environmental issues.
Keywords: Urban space, natural resources, preservation, conservation and tourism
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Assessment of the Production of Sunflower Oil Epoxidized Esters Seeking Employment in the Machining
A. L. Klafke, F. Bock, M. Schneider, R. C. S. Schneider, J. A. R. Moraes (UNESP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the production of sunflower oil epoxidized methyl order to their
implementation in cutting fluids for machining process. The steps of epoxide ester producing
were inventoried and the impacts were analyzed in an interaction Leopold matrix. The impact
relationship were 170 and 48.8% were identified. 18% of the identified impacts were
positive, corresponding to economic gains for the region and 82% were negative,
corresponding to the use of solvent, solid waste generation, energy consumption for heating
and accidental release of organic vapors into the atmosphere. The interaction of these
impacts with the biotic and anthropic environment is temporary and reversible, and most are
direct and scope local. The production of these epoxides, because they are by catalysis and
allow the reuse of raw materials, may be a promising alternative and cleaner for the
replacement of components in the formulation of cutting fluids in machining activities.
Keywords: Epoxides, cleaner production, metal cutting, sunflower, biocatalysis
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Environmental Assessments of Transportation Biofuels in Europe: A Survey
C. P. Pappis; E. C. Petrou (University of Piraeus - Greece)
|
Abstract: A substantial transportation biofuels sector is present in the EU-27 countries raising
controversy about their environmental impacts. A survey of the literature regarding
assessments of these impacts is presented, following a brief outline of the EU-27 biofuels
production. The main assessments’ results, based on extensive search in sources of scientific
evidence and information related to the paper’s topic, are cited and compared, combined
with a discussion about these findings. Several conclusions are drawn and comments are
made regarding, among others, the “splash and dash” system of European biodiesel, the
uncertainty in the parameters related to LCIA of biofuels, the economic basis of their
environmental impacts, the insufficient treatment of the land use impact category, etc.
Keywords: Biodiesel, bioethanol, environmental impacts, LCIA
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Environmental Benefits of Water Recovery in a Tilapia Production System, by Using Emergy Environmental Accounting
J. L. Pierobom; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The emergy environmental accounting developed by Odum was applied to evaluate the water
recovery system used to treat water released from a tilapia production system known as
acquaponic. For this purpose, the whole acquaponic system (including the water recovery
process by a coupled rhizospheric-hydroponic system) was compared with the same tilapia
production system but in the absence of the water recovering system. The present work aims
to quantify the emergy environmental benefits when water is treated and recover through
the coupled rhizospheric-hydroponic system. Benefits related to renewable inputs (R) were
negligible but purchased inputs (F) show an emergy decrease of 29% when water is
recovered inside the acquaponic system. Also tilapia transformity shows an improvement of
24 % with water recover. Emergy flow difference resulted from water recovering is 5,86x10e15
sej, representing an improvement of global efficiency of 25%. The emergy sustainability índex shows that both systems are within the range of non-sustainability. Even so, water
recovering inside the acquaponic systems enables an improvement of 50%.
Keywords: Environmental accounting, emergy, aquaculture, water recovery, tilapias
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Dimension Rating of the ISE Member Companies of BM&FBOVESPA in 2013
DI AGUSTINI, C. A. (USCS); VENDRAMETTO, L. P (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Stock market is the place where companies can raise
capital, stimulating entrepreneurial activity and
generating
capital accumulation. Investors seek to invest in sustainable companies. Given this demand, in Brazil,
it was
created in 2005, the Corporate Sustainability Index
(ISE) - a pioneering initiative in Latin America a
nd fourth
indicator of the kind in the world, comparing the performance of companies listed on the Securities, Commodities
and Futures (BM&FBOVESPA) under the aspect of sustainability. It is a stock index benchmark for socially
responsible investments, comprised of companies that excel in sustainability in the long term. The ISE
is a tool for
benchmarking the performance of companies listed on
the BM&FBOVESPA. The purpose of this index is to create
an investment environment compatible with the demands of sustainable development of society and encourage
more sustainable practices in businesses. Investments in sustainable companies create shareholder value in the
long term because they are more prepared to face economic, social and environmental risks. Integrating
ISE is
like having a seal of quality recognized by the market as a company that operates with sustainability.
For the 40
companies comprising the ISE in 2013, it is considered as a critical environmental impact that one which in terms
of technical, social or legal criteria (severity, reversibility, magnitude, spatial extent), demands specific actions for
prevention, control and monitoring. However, the ISE do not include the impact of the economic ladder
when they
classify the environmental dimension of business activities/enterprises in terms of potential pollution
and use of
renewable and nonrenewable environmental resources.
According to the classification of potential pollution and
use of natural resources, 12 companies are not classified by the ISE in 2013. When considering the impact of the
economic scale of the companies comprising the ISE,
assigning weights (intensity 3 = low, 6 = average
and 9 =
high) to the respective impacts of environmental ISE, widening the original classification ISE, enabling
stakeholders to measure interference of these compa
nies according to classification by the impact of the economic
scale.
Keywords: ISE BM&FBOVESPA, potential pollution, use of environmental resources, economic scale ranking impact
|
Environmental, Economic and Technical Performance: A Comparative Study of Carrier Bags
CARVALHO, J. S.; MACEDO, J. R. N.; OLIVEIRA, S. A.; ROSA, D. S. (UFABC)
|
Abstract: The concept of sustainable development arose from the questioning about the availability and rate of consumption of natural resources. The methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the concept of Eco-efficiency have been making a high contribution to the literature. The main objective of these is to manage sustainability with results that clarify less impacting alternatives to a process or product. In this context, the unfavorable scenario of the inadequate final destination of the plastic material after its use needs further deepening. The present article presents results of an analysis performed comparing different materials for application in disposable bags according to NBR ISO 14040 standard series. Biodegradable bags developed with Ecovio® compositions (biodegradable polymer, composed of poly (butylene adipate coterephthalate) (PBAT) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Ecoflex® (based on PBAT), Economical and technical analysis of these compositions was compared with conventional alternatives (kraft paper bag - PAPEL and polyethylene - PE). The simultaneous balance with environmental, economic and technical impact indicators was carried out to verify the alternatives with the best behaviors. In the development of the analysis were used methodologies that evaluate both environmental performance and also characterize polymer films. The results showed that among the 12 categories analyzed, the most relevant were Solid Residues / Energy Consumption (environmental performance) and Contact Angle / Water Sorption (technical performance). Conventional bags did not obtain a financial return after final destination, however they presented the lowest cost throughout the life cycle. Finally, the combined Environmental Impact and Characterization matrices showed that the ECO sample presented the best balance, showing the lowest environmental impact and a satisfactory technical performance.
Keywords: Biodegradable polymers, disposable bags, Life Cycle Assessment, Characterization of polymers
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental efficiency as enhanced productivity generating factor - Presentation of the results obtained in a ceramic industry from Ceará State
C. H. A. Bezerra (SENAI-CETAE); J. A. Gomes (UFC); K. M. A. Morais (SENAI-CETAE); I. C. Mattos (UFC); R. B. Silveira (SENAI-CETAE)
|
Abstract: The research was carried through in the Cajazeiras Ceramics, industry of the ceramic sector located in Cascavel-Ceará. The main products produced and commercialized for the company are sealing blocks, flagstone and structural blocks. Clay is the main raw material. Effluent liquids, solid residues and atmospheric emissions are generated during production. Solid residues are generated from the loss of materials for defects in the finished product. A production of more than 2500 thousand-pieces of blocks damaged per year is esteemed. The consumption of water, raw material, energy and solid residues production per product were defined as environmental indexes, with the aim to identify consumption rate per ceramics block produced, besides identifying the economic loss generated by waste of blocks damaged during production. With this analysis, some alternatives were suggested for minimizing production of residues, effluent and emissions, inside the Program of Cleaner Production, such as modifications in the product, change of technology, reuse and recycling, composting, alterations in the process, among others. From the evaluation of the data collected, the company was divided into sectors (preparation, extrusion and burning) for identification of opportunities and/or problems, plan of action and strategies, barriers and necessities, besides the identification of the priority level. Due to the use of an inadequate extruder nozzle, the extrusion process of the ceramic blocks presented an index of verified reworking of up to 30%. With the switch to a new and balanced nozzle, a decrease of 12% in the index of re-work was verified, generating a better exploitation of the natural resources and energy and, consequently, faring better indices of productivity and income. Associated with the technological improvement of the change of the nozzle, a survey of impurities was carried through that allowed for the planning of a more adequate handling of the extraction and preparation of the clay, allowing the clay to get into the productive free of impurities, thus faring better production results. Through in loco surveys, it was evidenced that the use of single door Hoffman ovens generates a consumption 0,08m³/thousand-piece-pack higher than with the use of double doors. As for environmental improvements: lower consumption of firewood per produced piece. At the end of one year we will have an area of 36Ha of non-deforested bushes of bioma caatinga, considering that 1ha of bioma caatinga bushes produces 52m³ of native firewood (data from FIERN), providing a lower environmental impact than the one before the implementation of the Program of Cleaner Production.
Keywords: Cleaner production, ambient impact, solid residues, generation of effluent
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Friendly Food. Choice Experiment to Assess Consumer’s Attitude Toward “Climate Neutral” Milk: The Role of Information
LOMBARDI, G. V.; BERNI, R.; ROCCHI, B. (University of Florence, Italy)
|
Abstract: The livestock sector has a high impact in terms of carbon footprint. Lowering GHG emission from the livestock sector deals with implementing climate neutral production techniques in a cost effectiveness way and with developing market communication to make carbon free milk competitive with alternative products. This study aimed at analyzing how information and communications could impact on the consumer’s attitude toward climate neutral fresh milk. The research focused on a case study carried out in Tuscany among a sample of supermarket customers, to assess consumer attitude toward fresh climate neutral milk using choice experiments methods. The participants were asked to attend a focus group meeting made of four different sessions. During the first session participants were asked to fill a background questionnaire and to watch a short documentary video showing the climate change risks. A second session consisted in a choice experiment in which participants were presented with 12 choices, each describing a scenario in which the milk key attributes were planned at different levels (price, organic labeling and carbon footprint labeling). During a third session the focus group discussions was developed following a semi-structured debate about environmental labeling, climate neutral labeling and the environmental impact of individual’s purchasing behavior. In the last fourth session participants were asked to express their preferences on the choice-sets with the same scenarios presented in the second session, in order to assess variation in individual WTP toward climate neutral and organic milk. Results show that information could play a role in changing consumer attitude toward carbon free products.
Keywords: Carbon footprint, choice experiments, food, consumer behaviour. Multinomial discrete choice models
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Structural Ceramics Industry as a Cleaner Production Tool
SANTOS, JR., E. L.; LIED, E. B.; ACERGO, C. V. (UNIOESTE); FAQUIM, V. (UTFPR); FRARE, P. R.; MOREJON, C. (UNIOSTE)
|
Abstract: The manufacture of ceramic materials is one of the oldest industrial processes and after the development of numerous technologies worldwide, the ceramic industry plays an important role in the Brazilian economy. The process of manufacturing ceramic artifacts consists basically of four stages, namely: preparation of the raw material and the mass, formation of the parts, heat treatment and the finishing step. In parallel with this process, there are environmental concerns, since several residues are generated by this activity in each of the above stages, which will vary with the ceramic typology, ie, with a red or white base. The structural ceramics industry, also known as red ceramics, produces perforated bricks, massive bricks, slabs or slabs, structural and structural blocks, tiles, shackles and rustic floors. It is a basic activity, when making civil construction, in general, from the simplest to the most sophisticated. The present study aimed to demonstrate the process of manufacturing redbased ceramic artifacts, analyzing the potential for degradation to the environment, as well as presenting possibilities of applicability of the cleaner production methodology in this sector, with a view to optimizing the production process, reducing Of the generation of waste in the generating sources, as well as the possibility of transforming some waste into co-products, minimizing the use of raw materials and inputs. In relation to the methodology applied in the development of this work, it is classified as basic, qualitative, descriptive and bibliographical. The literature review indicated the existence of low technological density in the ceramic sector in Brazil. The sector of the red ceramic industry is little dynamic in the development of new products.
Keywords: red ceramics, environmental impact, reduction, waste, production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Impact Assessment under the view of the elaborators and their Knowledge Management activities
C. V. Viegas; C. S. C. R. Coelho; P. M. Selig (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Multidisciplinary action, founded on team’s experiences, but few systematized and highly
individualized. These are some of the features of the nowadays Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) practices according their elaborators. This paper presents a theoretical
scheme developed to analyse Knowledge Management in EIA, and some results of a survey
carried out with 33 EIA’s consultants. We investigate acquisition, validation and integration
knowledge processes, as well as the elaborators’ perceptions regarding to the EIA’s aims.
Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, knowledge management, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Impact of Agriculture: Ecological Aspects and Need for Changes
DEUS, R. M. (Independent Researcher)
|
Abstract: In recent decades, changes that have occurred in agricultural production systems have caused a major
environmental impact, which includes the planet and
mankind. Agriculture has expanded the use of pesticides,
abused water resources and soil unduly. However, researchers have sought better and more sustainable
alternatives to assist in the development of agriculture. As the use of natural substances to prevent
pests instead
of pesticides, the use of soil and water, such as drip irrigation, which provides development for the
plant and
water savings. Therefore this study is aimed to show the ecologic impacts of agriculture and to propose
investment solutions for a sustainable and long lasting development.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, environmental impact, organic farming, ecology.
|
Environmental Impacts and Biodiesel Production in Pilot Scale
J. Kaercher; R. C. S. Schneider; R. A. Klamt; W. L. T. Silva; W. L. Schmatz (UNISC)
|
Abstract: The biodiesel production in pilot scale could be accomplished with minimum environmental
impact. In this work was evaluate a prototype produces at UNISC for production of sunflower oil
biodiesel using Leopold interaction matrix. It was consider the process stages and the actions for
minimization of the environmental impact this equipment. It was observe that after the needs
environmental actions for improvement of equipment it was reduce the environmental impact
during biodiesel production. Therefore, the impact in relation to order (direct or indirect), time
(long, average or short term), dynamics (permanent or temporary) and of plasticity (reversible
or irreversible) was reduces and, it can be observed as a positive actions control, when adopted,
they had affected the ambient factors in its excellent characteristics and allow to greater the
sustainability of the process.
Keywords: Biodiesel, environmental impacts, pilot scale
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Impacts Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Soybean in Brazil
O. Cavalett; E. Ortega (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from soybean in Brazil. For this objective it were used the environmental impact indicators provided by emergy accounting method, the embodied energy analysis and the material flow accounting. Results show that energy content in a liter of biodiesel is only 2.3 times greater than the fossil-based energy required to produce it. The transformity of biodiesel (4.59E+05 seJ/J) is higher than those calculated for fossil fuels (coal, 6.70E+04 seJ/J; natural gas, 8.04E+04 seJ/J; oil 9.05E+04 seJ/J; gasoline and diesel, 1.11E+05 seJ/J) and also for other biofuels (Ethanol from sugarcane, 3.15E+05 seJ/J; Biodiesel from sunflower, 2.31E+05 seJ/J) indicating a higher demand for resources. Similarly, the biodiesel emergy yield ratio was 1.46, while it ranges from 3 to 7 for fossil fuels indicating lower net emergy that is delivered to consumers. When crop production and industrial conversion to fuel are supported by fossil fuels (considered as non renewable energy sources) in the form of chemicals, goods, and process energy, the fraction of fuel that is actually renewable is low (around 25%). In this way, the future of biodiesel production is very likely to be linked to the ability of clustering biofuels production with other agro industrial activities at an appropriate scale and mode of production to take advantage of the potential supply of valuable co-products.
Keywords: Emergy accounting, energy balance, material flow accounting, soybean biodiesel
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Environmental Impacts of the Brazilian Shrimp Culture
K. R. Tancredo, R. O. Nobrega, T. Dias, K. R. Lapa (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The possible environmental impacts caused by shrimp culture affect the biological, social and
physical area, due to the launch of its effluents in water used in public. Non adequately
managed farms may cause several problems. These problems are the appearance and fast
dissemination of diseases. The environmental degradation due to high concentration of
nutrients. Low quality food results in greater quantity of phosphorus and organic matter
release. The shrimp production is an alternative to social development, but it can also
generate social impacts. It can cause the expulsion of aquaculture local farmers from their
local of work. This can socially exclude the traditional communities’ dependents on the
mangrove. The ecosystem and landscape degradation is related to the physic impact. The
risks of land cover loss, reduction of protected areas, soil salinization are potential impacts to
the area of shrimp production. The shrimp production should be adequately planed. If it does
not happen it causes several environmental impacts that harm the nearby environment. In
other hand, if it is adequately organized it may become environmentally positive. Besides,
there is a problem about the mangroves areas. These areas are destroyed to the
implementation of shrimp farms. There is a great biological impact because several species
lost their habitat. As these impacts advance it may affect the bio atrophic interface, affecting
the humans. This paper has a bibliographical review about the main impacts caused by the
shrimp culture. These impacts are related to organic matter discharge from bad management
practices. This economic activity is growing because it is an alternative to the extractive fish
industry but it also contributes to the marine environment degradation. In order to minimize
the environmental impacts is take decisions to promote mitigating actions and improve the
technology to produce shrimp. These actions include the super-intensive production, use of
macrophytes, bioflocs and quality food. The use of macrophytes to treat the liquid effluent
minimize the impacts on the aquatic systems, reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus
availability. The biofloc shrimp culture technology consists in the use of heterotrophic
bacteria that are naturally present in the aquatic environment. The bacteria are capable of
assimilate nitrogen compounds and convert it in to biomass when carbon sources are
available.
Keywords: Shrimp culture, environmental impacts, sustainable development, mitigating actions
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Indicators of the Industrial Companies in São Paulo
F. Hourneaux Junior (UNIP), H. Hrdlicka, I. Kruglianskas (USP)
|
Abstract: A major challenge for organizations is to establish an appropriate measure for their performance,
considering the growing need for inclusion of more stakeholders other than the traditional ones
and issues related to sustainability, such as the insertion of a Triple Bottom Line approach -
which comprises the economic, social and environmental dimensions. The aim of this paper is to
highlight the use of indicators within the environmental dimension, using as its basis the
proposal of the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). The field research is of the survey type and had
the participation of 149 companies both in the industry sector and associated to CIESP (Center
of Industries of the State of São Paulo). Its main results suggest different uses of environmental
indicators, with an emphasis on those more directly linked to the industrial productive processes.
Keywords: Environmental indicators, performance measurement, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Environmental Impacts of the Potential Nationalization of the Production of Li-Ion Cells for Electric Vehicle Batteries in Brazil
VELANDIA VARGAS, J. E.; MANZI, G. H.; COOPER, R. E.; SEABRA, J.; ANHOLON, R. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Life Cycle Assessment in order to compare the benefits of a potential nationalization of the production of Li-Ion battery cells in Brazil. To elaborate the analysis, several sources of the specialized literature and the Brazilian productive sector were consulted to modify the Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) for battery cells, present in Ecoinvent V 3.1. The results, obtained through the CML2000 method, indicate that potential nationalization of batteries would cause a product that has disadvantages in five of nine categories of environmental impact compared to a battery that reflects conditions of production in the world average. Additionally, it has been found that the anode and cathode are the main contributors to most impact categories. Finally, impact contributions throughout the manufacturing process lifecycle were analyzed, without including final provision, for three categories of impact: global warming, human toxicity and eutrophication, in order to look for the critical or major contribution steps. The results for global warming show that aluminum production is the main contribution due to the intensive use of energy in aluminum production. Regarding human toxicity and eutrophication the results show that the extraction of metals such as copper are linked to the greatest impacts.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Inventories, Lithium Battery Cell, Product Nationalization, Electric Vehicles
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental labelling - a study on NR's
M. F. Preussler; M. Vaz; J. A. R. Moraes; D. A. R. Lopez (UNISC)
|
Abstract: Currently it is possible to note that the society seeks to consume environmentally correct and healthy products. Several countries, as manifestation of environmental concern, adopted voluntary mechanisms of environment labelling with attribution of "green stamps" to products that meet criteria of control previously established. In this direction, the environmental labelling is becoming a powerful instrument of market, suggesting the importance of analyzing the related laws and elaborating studies on this subject, since the Programs of Environment Labelling were created, mainly, like a result of a change in the standards of consumption and production. It was noticed, by the analyses that the environment labelling can help to contribute in the formation of the consumer environmental concerns, in sight of the standards of production and consumption. The environment labels configure a system information of the origin of the product, the studies of life cycle evaluation and if a process uses clean technologies.
Keywords: Environmental labelling, green stamp, ambiental education
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Management on the Project of Serra do Mar´s New Immigrants Highway: Study case
D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CNEN-São Paulo); L. Martins (UniABC); A. F. Margarido (Figueiredo Ferraz Consultoria e Eng. de Projetos)
|
Abstract: The Environmental Management System considers restrictions on the project, on the product or
on the service, by environmental agencies as challenges to innovation and creating solutions
that will provide sustainable development. This is the ecological philosophy that can be found in
this project of the New Immigrants highway, where specialists through a scientific methodology
solved a complex equation, involving the environmental aspect versus the impact, whose
solution produces sustainable development. The implementation of Environmental System in the
project brought the commitment in favour of two pillars of management: to prevent the
environment impact and the continuous improvement of this project. One could say that the
project met the goal to satisfy the socio-economic interests of the population of São Paulo, and
produced benefits such as: environmental benefit, through the production of a work
environmentally clean, with a reduction of the intervention in the forest reserve, technical
advantage, to enter the rock mass, reduced the trajectory of the highway with more quality and
institutional advantage, by providing a good institutional image among the public and
governmental departments.
Keywords: Environmental management, New Immigrants highway, sustainable development, environmental
impact
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Management Program at Tyco Electronics
L. Velázquez, R. E. R. Medina, N. Munguía, J. Esquer (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: The project "Environmental Management Program in Tyco Electronics' aims to help on
preventing, eliminating and / or reducing environmental and occupational hazards that are
generated in the production process of one of the company's work teams. To achieve this,
we will work on the development of an environmental management program that reduces
the generation of pollutants and waste in this production line.
In a society increasingly aware of the need to protect natural resources and environment,
the company Tyco Electronics has the need to start with this type of project due not only to
state and national standards that regulate corporations But also as a strategy to reduce costs
and increase competitiveness, and especially for its social commitment to preserve and
conserve the environment.
The team that is going to be in charge of the EMP has experience in developing and
implementing such programs within the company. In addition, the company has an approach
on caring for the environment, facilitating the teamwork among the rest of the staff of the
company.
Keywords: Pollution prevention, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper In Spanish]
|
Environmental Management Promotion through Collaborative Activities: the Project Quatro+ Experience
C. Henkels; B. Frank (FURB); A. Grothe-Senf (Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft (FHW) - Berlin - Germany)
|
Abstract: This paper describes the Project Quatro+, an experiment designed to promote cleaner production in small and medium size companies around the city of Blumenau. The project develops collaborative activities between university and companies, mainly workshops and consultancy. Industrial Engineering students take part in all steps of the project. The project is developed as part of a cooperation program between German and Brazilian Universities, financed by CAPES and DAAD. At the local level it is supported also by Municipal Environmental Foundation of Blumenau and by Regional Labor Agency. The results shown that the project succeeded in having management and technical improvements in the companies, and also in the organizational learning among the eco-teams. However, it also shows that environmental legislation is difficult to be dominated by small and medium -sized businesses.
Keywords: Clean production, environmental management, learn organization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Management System and the Pillar of the Environment - Eletronorte Rondônia Experience for the Sustainable Production of Electricity
F. I. B. S. Bastos, J. M. Degan, E. Temporim Filho (Eletrobrás Eletronorte-Brasil)
|
Abstract: This work shows the development and implementation of the results of the Environmental
Management System, and the experience of Eletronorte in Rondônia to reduce losses and
hazards in the electric power plants, from TPM Program (Total Productive Manager), whose goal
is zero loss. This system is crucial for the compatibility of corporate goals, environmental
sustainability, allied to the principles of clean production of energy, values of great significance
in the Amazon. Its implementation demonstrates the company’s commitment to environmental
issues, reducing risk and incidence of environmental fines, and describes the advantages and
difficulties of implementation.
Keywords: Environment, power, sustainability, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Management System ISO 14001: Comparative Analysis of Business Sectors between Regions and Countries
CAMPOS, L. M. S.; SANTOS, T. H. S.; SPENASSATO, D.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; BORNIA, A. C.; CARVALHO, D. N. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The enterprises show growing concerns regarding environmental issues, which can no longer be treated in
isolation, because they are part of a system that requires planning, implementation, monitoring and continuous
improvement, ie the implementation of Environmental
Management Systems. Thus, this article aims to analyze
the growth of ISO 14001 certifications in industries, worldwide, between regions and countries. The article was
built by literature review and document analysis with the acquisition of the database provided by ISO
-
International Organization for Standardization (ISO,
2011). It has a quantitative and descriptive focus,
having
been made the processing and analysis of data with
the help of Excel spreadsheets and descriptive statistical
techniques using the
Statistica® software, version 7.0. The analyses occurred in
four steps: (i) Grouping of valid
certifications in 39 industrial sectors in 2010 for
each country into regions, (ii) Separation of valid certifications in
industry in 2010 by the countries of Latin America
(20 countries), South America (11 countries) and Brazil (iii) The
regions were the focuses - 2006 to 2010 - to identify the sectors with the largest number of certifications and
annual growth, and (iv) The analysis of data on emissions ISO 14001 from 2006 to 2010 by industry sector and by
region. It consisted of some intersections based on
techniques such as cluster analysis and descriptive measures
of data. The main results are that: Brazil is the country with the largest number of certifications (885) Latin
America, while Guyana has no certifications, this may be a consequence of low industrial development,
and there
is no pressure to deployment of Environmental Management Systems. The sector that had the highest number of
certifications in Latin America and Brazil was the
Basic metal & fabricated metal products, because Brazil is a
major exporter of iron ore, impacting in the leadership of this sector. The country with the highest growth in
number of certifications in 2010 was China. The growth largest of certifications was in 2008 with 22%,
while in
2010 the increase was 12%. There is an evident concern with the implementation of Environmental Management
Systems and ISO 14001 certification, exceeding market issues and becoming a key differentiator for building the
company's image. This article is not intended to exhaust all possibilities of research; the data available can be
used in different ways, with applying other statistical techniques.
Keywords: Environmental Management System, EMS, ISO 14001, Cluster Analysis
|
Environmental Performance Comparison of Carbon Black Production Process with the Implementation of Environmental Control Actions
C. P. Monteiro (Axia Value Chain-SP)
|
Abstract: This study presents initiatives to improve the environmental performance applied in a
specific sector of chemistry industry – carbon black production. The first step of this project
was to study all the manufacturing technologies off carbon black in Brazil and abroad and
understand all the energy and mass flows in the manufacturing step in order to indentify all
environments aspects. The second step was to identify the major environmental aspects and
impacts in order to propose Cleaner Production initiatives – enhance efficiency in the use of
natural resources; energy and raw materials; reduction, reuse and recycling all effluents
generated (solid, liquid and gaseous), which provide environmental, occupational health and
economics benefits. This project also considered the adoption of Environmental Post-
Combustion Control techniques applied for the wastewater treatment and air pollution control
system associated in the industrial process to attend environmental regulations and decrees.
Is important to point that the benefits generated are classified according to the approach
used (cleaner production initiatives or environmental post-combustion control). As final
result of this study was obtained the improvement of environmental performance of carbon
black both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and proposed various management actions
to reduce the environmental impacts of this activity, for example: reduction of 100%
wastewater sent out to the environment (total wastewater generated is reused), reduction of
the energy used (100% to electricity energy and savings in thermal energy sources) and
approximately 80% of reduction in nitrogen oxide emitted into the atmosphere (NOx), and
others improvement.
Keywords: Carbon black production, environmental performance, cleaner production, best practices
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Performance Comparison of Two Microalgae Oil Production Routes
CHIUMENTO, G.; BARRANTES, L. S. (UTFPR); TAHER, D. M.; BALMANT, W.; PEIXOTO, P. R. (UFPR); UGAYA, C. M. L. (UTFPR); VARGAS, J. V. C.; MARIANO, A. B. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Among the various types of biodiesel surveyed, one type is biodiesel produced from biomass of microalgae oil. It has potential to be a promising biomass in the production of biodiesel since microalgae present great accumulation of lipids and fast photosynthetic growth when compared to other vegetable crops. Its production includes four main steps: cultivation of microalgae, biomass separation, oil extraction and transesterification. The present study aims to compare the environmental performance of the extraction step by wet and dry route. It was used the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique for comparative decision-making in case of the practice being adopted on a large production scale. In addition, simulations identified the points of environmental improvement of processes. The scenarios created and the analyses carried out indicated that the most critical point of the dry route is the great amount of electricity involved in step of biomass drying and this must be targeted for optimization. In the wet route, the use of citric acid was shown to be more problematic and is recommended to find alternatives for replacing this substance by another with the same function and lower impact. On both routes, the recovery of the solvent hexane showed environmental benefits and additionally in the wet route, ethanol recovery must occur in order to improve the performance of the process. For decision-making about which route to take, it is evident that the dry route presents major advantages.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Microalgae Oil, Biodiesel
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Performance Evaluation - A New Tool for the Industry
MACENO, M. M. C.; PAWLOSKY, U.; MACHADO, K. S.; SELEME, R. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Several tools are available in the literature to evaluate environmental performance. However, there is a lack of scientifically addressed analytical tools focusing industrial processes. Thus, based on a literature review, this study aimed to construct and test a new analytical tool for environmental performance evaluation specifically in the industry. This tool named EPIP (Environmental Performance of Industrial Processes) has as main function to identify environmental aspects with worst performance and to drive decision-making toward environmental improvements. In order to assess the effectiveness of EPIP, this tool was applied in a manufacturing industry packaging yogurt cup. The analysis of the results showed that the environmental aspects with worst performance were related to the thermoforming activities, such as energy consumption, solid waste generation and air pollution emissions. Altogether, the outcomes of this study showed that EPIP is a significant contribution to the industry, mainly those with low level of environmental management maturity, which are starting to move toward the environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Environmental Performance Evaluation; Environmental Sustainability; Industrial Processes; Environmental Impact Assessment
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Environmental Performance Evaluation as a Tool for Environmental Management
D. Fiori; M. Montaño (COC)
|
Abstract: The present paper brings a discussion about the use of Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) as a tool for environmental management. Due to its characteristics, EPE can be coupled to other management instruments focused at the improvement of the efficiency at using raw materials and energy, like cleaner production. The paper presents a case study applied to a beverage company, sited near Ribeirão Preto, a large-sized district of São Paulo estate (Brazil). The paper concludes that the use of EPE as a support at decision-making process is helpful to organizations, especially if integrated to cleaner production methods.
Keywords: Environmental Performance Evaluation, environmental management, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Performance Evaluation Based on the Concept of Cleaner Production
A. Coelho; M. A. Macedo; L. N. L. Vidal; E. S. Correia (SENAI -Bahia)
|
Abstract: The SENAI National Department (ND), under the NCCT - National Center of Clean Technologies of
the SENAI Rio Grande do Sul technique coordination, in joint with the São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro,
Minas Gerais and Bahia Regional Departments, developed a project pilot whose objective was to
establish an Environmental Performance Measurement Methodology to identify and validate the
environmental and processes indicators in companies who implemented the methodology of
Cleaner Production developed by the UNIDO/UNEP and intended to get a Certificate of
Environmental Performance. In the first phase of the project a listing of companies registered in
cadastre as participant of the Suppliers Qualification Program - SQP was elaborated by the
Euvaldo Lodi Institute - ELI, in which the Environment Area of the SENAI Bahia Regional
Department, located in the CETIND Unit, promoted the environment workshops. Based on the
involvement level of the high administration companies, the physical structure, evaluation of the
processes block diagrams and action plans were suggested for the SQP, where the possible
companies candidates were selected to be part of this project, that demanded as minimal
requirements, to belong at least, of one of the following sectors: metal-mechanic, construction
civil, chemical, paper-graph and editorial and clothes-textile, that have implemented action of
Cleaner Production and they did not have any legal nor environmental no conformities together
the regulatory environmental agency. The selected companies signed the Adhesion Term, having
committed themselves to support their development of the activities foreseen in the scope of the
project; which included the accomplishment of environmental diagnosis of the company, through
the study of the stages of the productive process; environmental, economic and social
identification of the aspects and impacts; definition of the environmental and processes indicators to be monitored during six months and in an annual basis per more 3 years, as goal proposal and
was committed between the parts; fulfilling the Performance Evaluation Data with the
measurements of the indicators during the six first months; justifications and evidences of the
attendance; an environmental external audit carried through by SENAI ND. The project had as
premise to issue an Environmental Performance Certificate for companies who reached 80%
goals and to establish a process of external audit for verification of conformity and proposal of
new indicators to be pursued as continuous improvement.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, environmental and processes indicators, metal-mechanic, chemical,
clothes-textile
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Performance of Cement Industry in Vietnam: The Influence of ISO 14001 Certification
N. Q. Ahn; L. Hens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels - Belgium)
|
Abstract: The cement industry is one of the oldest and most important industries in Vietnam’s developing
economy. It is also one of greatest environmental polluters, especially in terms of air pollution.
Several causes contribute to the adverse environmental impacts of cement industry, including
backward technology (many factories use stand kiln production technology), weak
environmental management, and lack of environmental awareness, etc. To reduce
environmental impacts of industries and improve environmental performance, the Vietnamese
Government encourages introducing ISO 14001-based environmental management systems into
businesses. While much has been written on Western experiences, there are hardly
documentation and analysis the effectiveness of ISO 14001 in Vietnam. This research examines
the influence of the international ISO 14001 norm in the environmental performance of
Vietnam’s cement factories. The study focuses on: i) finds out the changes in environmental
performance between pre- and post- 14001 certification; ii) compares the environmental
performance between certified and uncertified cement factories. The impact of ISO 14001
certification on the industry is studied by using a self-assessment questionnaire survey mailing
to 56 factories in the whole country and the response rate is 26% overall (15 factories). In
additional to the self-assessment, the annual environmental data, focusing on air emission from
15 responses are used. For the management performance, the preliminary results demonstrate
that the environmental awareness and attention among certified factories was clearly better than
those in uncertified factories. For the operational performance, the results show that there is no
clear different between certified and uncertified group as well before as after adopting the ISO
14001 standard. The emission values are all below the Vietnamese National Standards for Air
Quality. These results advocate the need for more research on environmental management
systems, to explore the causal links between EMS and environmental performance in Vietnam.
Keywords: Environmental management systems, ISO 14001, environmental performance
[Abstract]
|
Environmental Pollution: Quantitative Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) by SR-TXRF
A. S. Melo Júnior, S. Moreira, D. M. Roston, J. E. Paternianni (UNICAMP), P. J. G. Ferreira, F. Camargo (UNIP)
|
Abstract: To study is the air quality in the region of Campinas was set up three collection sites in different
locations: Barão Geraldo, Campinas, downtown and Paulinia. Environmental monitoring in addition
to researching the amount of total suspended particles (PM10) by comparing the values with the
reference value for air quality considered regular CETESB (Technology Company Environmental
Sanitation) for 150 μg.m-3. After the samples were prepared by a chemical process for measuring
technique the total reflection (SR-TXRF) synchrotron radiation at the National Synchrotron Light
Laboratory (LNLS). The technique detected 19 chemical elements: Al; Si; P; S; Cl; K; Ca; Ti; V;
Cr; Mn; Fe; Co; Ni; Cu; Zn; Se; Br and Pb, addition to measuring the percentage of chemicals
related to particulate matter collected. Even with the help of the statistical method – PCA (Principal
Components Analysis) grouping the elements according to one of four emission sources that they
are: soil re-suspension, vehicular, industrial and sulfates. Getting the percentage of pollution
emitted by each source.
Keywords: Environment, particulate, total reflection
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Protection and the Sustainable Use of the Water Resources: The CONAMA´s and SMA-SP´s Resolutions in 1984-2010 Period
RIBAS, L. C. (UNESP); BRAUER, A. L. (FSP); DETTMER, M. C. M.(UNESP); DELMANTO, C. C. (Delmanto Lawyers)
|
Abstract: The preoccupation,
both technical and judicial points of view, with the
environmental
protection
and sustainable
use of the water resources in the economic activities developed in the
country and, specifically, in
Sao Paulo State
is something so much
evident. About
this, one of the
main mechanisms
used in last years is the edition of
resolutions by
Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), in the
federal scale, and
by Secretaria do
Meio
Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo (SMA-SP), in the state scale. This work intends the study and the analysis of the
federal and state resolutions
that are
connected
with
the environmental protection
and sustainable use of the
water resources during 1984-
2010.
About
this,
it is used the Compared
Law
and
Literature Research.
The
conclusions are: (i) the CONAMA ́s resolutions
follow
some instruments and principles of the Politica Nacional do
Meio Ambiente law and it are
linked, in specific way, with the rural sector and with the rural activities; (ii) the
SMA-SP's resolutions have the same behavior of the CONAMA ́s resolutions,
but with a difference in
the time; (iii)
finally, it isn ́t possible, in
accordance
with the historic analysis of both CONAMA and SMA-SP's resolutions,
verify
some
correlation between this kind of specific judicial norm and one stability, constant and long politic of
environmental protection and sustainable use of water resources in the period studied.
Keywords: Resolutions,
Water resources,
Environmental protection,
Sustainable use,
Environmental law
|
Environmental Public Policy and Performance Improvement Induction: an Initial Review
F. M. Ribeiro (CETESB); I. Kruglianskas (USP)
|
Abstract: Recently it has been possible to verify great advances in corporate environmental
management, in part due to environmental regulation - that imposing cost for legal
accomplishment stimulates the search for preventive solutions and cost reduction.
Environmental public policy instruments on this sense have grown beyond traditional
standards and permits to economic tools, and more recently to innovative mechanisms called
as “performance based”. This kind of instrument, characterized by the consideration of the
enterprise own environmental performance as a criteria to regulation enforcement has been
adopted on several countries, mainly United Sates. The present article, preliminary result of
a doctorate research on the theme, brings an analysis of some important studies concerning
corporate (and more specifically industrial) environmental public policies, environmental
performance measurement and tool, to summarize and evaluate some performance based
experiences. At the end it is possible to perceive a high potential to implement this kind of
instrument in Brazil, and more specifically on São Paulo State, both to allow differenced
sector criteria negotiation and to face new environmental challenges still not covered by
actual legislation, as greenhouse gas emissions and endocrine disruptors.
Keywords: Environmental public police, environmental management, environmental performance,
regulation, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Regulation Reform: Case Study for Extended-Responsibility Adoption in São Paulo State Waste Policy
RIBEIRO, F. M.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: The establishment by the government of a set of requirements for businesses to operate in an environmentally
responsible manner, generically named as "environmental regulation" has been one of the most successfully
policies implemented on last century. However the evolution of social dynamics demanded reforms of the
most
traditional models for environmental regulation, for which various recommendations have been made
internationally. Starting with a brief summary of"regulatory quality characteristics" summarized from
literature,
the present article examines a case study regarding
the adoption of the extended responsibility strategy at Sao
Paulo State Waste Policy. After an introduction and
the methodological procedures presentation, the case study is
described and the most relevant results are presented, mainly from interviews with selected key stakeholders. It is
highlighted that the case illustrated an important
example of the regulatory process inversion, which
brought a
significant change in the regulated behavior. It is
also verified that, although the program does not
intentionally
included those characteristics, many of them are present, mainly participation, decentralization, flexibility, and the
use of multiple instruments, among others. At the end suggestions for improvement are collected, recommending
that those must be accompanied to ensuring its effective adoption in the future.
Keywords: Environmental regulation; waste policy; environmental agency; environmental public policy
|
Environmental Regulation Reform: Case Study for the Cleaner Production Fostering by CETESB
RIBEIRO, F. M.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: The establishment by the government of a set of requirements for businesses to operate in an environmentally
responsible manner, generically named as "environmental regulation" has been one
of the most successfully
policies implemented on last century. However the evolution of social dynamics demanded reforms of the most
traditional models for environmental regulation, for which various recommendations have been made
internationally. Starting with a brief summary of "regulatory quality characteristics" summarized from literature,
the present article examines a case study regarding the cleaner production fostering by CETESB, Sao Paulo State
environmental agency. After an introduction and the methodological procedures presentation, the case study is
described and the most relevant results are presented, mainly from interviews with selected key stakeholders. It is
highlighted that although there has been no specific planning, many of those “characteristics” are already
presented at the program, especially with regard to participation, flexibility, preventive focus and innovation. It
also stressed that this presence influences the behavior of regulators and regulated, although most at those who
participated directly in the activities, since there was little diffusion effect. Finally, suggestions for improvement
are collected, among which the need for cleaner production consideration in the agency ́s strategic planning and
its incorporation in the main regulatory routines, especially the environmental permitting.
Keywords: Environmental regulation; cleaner production; environmental agency; environmental public policy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Regulation Reform: Case Study for the Introduction of the Renewable Operating Permits in Sao Paulo State
RIBEIRO, F. M.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: The establishment by the government of a set of requirements for businesses to operate in an environmentally
responsible manner, generically named as "environmental regulation" has been one of the most successfully
policies implemented on last century. However the evolution of social dynamics demanded reforms of the
most
traditional models for environmental regulation, for which various recommendations have been made
internationally. Starting with a brief summary of "regulatory quality characteristics" summarized from
literature,
the present article examines a case study regarding
the introduction of the renewable operating permit
in Sao
Paulo State. After an introduction and the methodological procedures presentation, the case study is described and
the most relevant results are presented, mainly from interviews with selected key stakeholders. It is
highlighted
that even with different quality characteristics and intense planning, the program still faces operational difficulties.
It is also emphasized the need for greater definition of rules - including for measurement and performance
evaluation and reward. Among the proposed improvements were also noted a broader change of behavior on
the
part of regulators, as well as the need to improve
communication of program results and public disclosure of
information.
Keywords: Environmental regulation; environmental permitting; environmental agency; environmental public policy
|
Environmental Regulation to Sustainability: Contributions to Build a Theoretical Reference on the Limits of Traditional Models
F. M. Ribeiro (CETESB), I. Kruglianskas (USP)
|
Abstract: Under the argument that environmental regulation should accompany changes in how
society perceives its relationship with the environment, this paper presents some limits of
the current regulation model, based on a selected literature review. Through a proposed
taxonomy of these limits, some hurdles to sustainable development attaining are presented,
concluding that the transition depends not only, and perhaps not even mainly, on
technology, but on profound social changes.
Keywords: Environmental regulation, sustainability, environmental public policy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Requirements on the Product Process Development Applied in Furniture Industries
P. A. Azevedo; A. M. Nolasco (ESALQ)
|
Abstract: This study aimed at identifying the environmental requirements adopted by small industries
of furniture to make to order process of product development, the internal and external
factors that led to the adoption and those needed for greater sustainability in the production
system. In recent years, the complex issues that cross the process of industrial
transformation and the interest in the environment have multiplied, increasingly affecting the
micro and small enterprises, the most affected by the difficulties of adapting their corporate
culture to the new challenges of environmental compliance and sustainable development. To
that end, 18 were considered micro and small enterprises in the Furniture Pole of Itatiba - SP
on the adoption of environmental requirements in the PDP. Data were collected through
semi-structured interviews and site visits, analyzing each activity of the PDP and
environmental requirements associated with them, identifying the end of testing the
feasibility of improvement for the industry. The results indicate that economic factors also
dictate the way businesses respond by environmental issues, is the adaption by the laws and
regulations or by reducing production costs. Moreover, the absence of trained professionals
in the field of sustainable development of products provides the increased difficulties in
structuring the sector.
Keywords: Products development process, environmental requires, furniture industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Study of Disorder and Social Vulnerability of Santos City after the Arrival of the Production Chain of Oil and Gas
PRANDO, G. (FATEC); VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The extraction of petroleum, a nonrenewable natural
resource, generates disturbance to the environment
and
requires measures to minimize these impacts. This study identified and analyzed the impacts generated
in the city
of Macae after the arrival of Petrobras and project
ed impacts for the city of Santos. To conduct this
research were
heard representatives of civil society and local go
vernments, and analyzed data from government agencies,
research institutes and census. To expedite the discovery of the most relevant, hierarchical criteria
were identified
and used the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for structuring and solving the problem. The impacts were studied:
Population density, Labor Market, Economic Development, Environmental, Mobility and Quality of Life (Education,
Public Safety and Health). The research aims to generate an analytical model that manages grants for public
policies, creating agendas for government stepped priorities.
Keywords: Oil & Gas, Social Impacts, Public Policy,
AHP
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Sustainability and Lean Production: A Case Study
QUEIROZ, G. A. (UFSCar/USP); ESPOSTO, K. F. (USP); ALVES FILHO, A. G.; HAYASHI, A. P. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: This research intends to address, in a preliminary way, the possibility of integrated implementation of environmental sustainability and lean production practices, considering the roles of such practices in the company's operations strategy. It examines the case of a subsidiary of a multinational company inserted in a highly competitive and dynamic environment and operating in several market segments (security, automotive products, electrical products and graphic communication). The research had as objective to verify how the environmental sustainability is inserted in a strategy of operations guided by the lean production. For this, the research methods were used: exploratory bibliographic review and case study. The results of the research show that environmental sustainability has been considered in the decisions oriented to the implementation of lean production practices in the company, but, in the managers' view, the integration of the practices can be quite laborious.
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Operations Strategy, Lean Production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Southeastern Brazil with Accounting in Emergy
DEMETRIO, F. J. (UEMA/UNIP); DEMETRIO, J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: The Southeast region has an area of over 920,000 km
square and consists of the states of Espírito
Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo.
In the Southeast, focuses not only the greatest
proportion of national GDP, but also the most populous - 77,873,120 inhabitants. In order to highlight
and distinguish the differences between the states,
a review was conducted in emergy environmental
and signatures are presented. Emergy indices in each state (ESI, EYR, and ELR) are presented and
compared. The ternary diagram of the triangle was used to display the level of sustainability of the
region's states.
Keywords: Emergy, sustainability, southeast, development, economy
|
Environmental sustainability in small enterprises: interactive implementation of cleaner production
M. S. Borges; E. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The Brazilian metals sector and, mainly its automotive section, is mostly composed by small enterprises which are exposed to a competitive global demand: permanently improve their environmental quality standard. However, for such enterprises, there is still a meaningful discrepancy in participation as far as self-regulatory environmental management instruments adoption is concerned when compared, for instance, to large companies. Amongst these instruments, the cleaner production stands out as a vigorous environmental management approach based on an integrated platform with a preventive focus. Under this point of view, this study proposes to develop and to apply an interactive cleaner production implementation methodology. This methodology is built by a cleaner production implementation program, especially conceived and created for the small enterprises profile and by a set of questions and answers structurally connected to the phases and activities of such program. This approach allows its interactive implementation as well as increasing value for the human capital, the knowledge and the language in small enterprises.
Keywords: Environmental management, interactive methodology, human capital, cleaner production implementation program
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Sustainability Indexes’assessment for Water Supplying and Sewage Treatment Companies Listed on BM&FBOVESPA in 2014
DI AGUSTINI, C. A. (FGV/USCS); LUCAS, E. C. (FGV)
|
Abstract: The critic level of the water in the storages of the brazilian hydroelectrical power plants represents the breaking point of the first condition for sustainability. The total affluence volume minus the total effluence volume results in 6,418 m³ of water per second, which is unfavourable for the national system.The investors of BM&FBOVESPA acnowledge and perceive positive value of the companies labeled as sustainable. In the period between 2006 and 2013 the ESI obtained a performande index of 190% above the Ibovespa index.The clients of the companies CASAN, COPASA, SABESP and SANEPAR paid in theis fees for water and sewage treatment, in R$ average value, 72,5% of the total eMergy they have received. There is a disadvantageous relation between the biosphere and the water and sludge treatment system that is operated by the companies that were assessed.Every company assessed in the present work violates the first conditio for sustainability due to the reduced volume of rain in the last 84 years, but shows to be sustainable in the long range if the defluence ever balances with the affluence at some point.
Keywords: Environmental sustainability, Water supplying companies, BM&FBOVESPA, eMergy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Sustainability of a University Institution by Calculating the Ecological Footprint
SOARES, D. F.; LIED, E. B. (UTFPR); MAGALHÃES, A. P. (UEMG); TREVISAN, A. P. ; MOREJON, C. F.; ARCEGO, C. V.; SANTOS JR., E. L. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: The methodology of Ecological Footprint (EF) is to calculate the size of bioproductive area needed to produce resources and assimilate the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by population. In this context, it sought to quantify the average consumption of the main resources used every day in Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Medianeira (UTFPR-MD) during the year 2015. The results indicate a total Ecological Footprint of 177.41 hectares, equivalent to an area about 15 times larger than the campus. It was found that the consumption of food and infrastructure and buildings, together account for 84% of CO2 emissions and EF composition. The electricity consumption resulted in an area twice the area of the campus. While the consumption of paper, mobility and transportation, those are with less impact, less than 4% of the total. The per capita contribution of EF at campus corresponds to 0.0753 ha/person/year, this score is near to EF national score which is 0.0725 ha/person/year.
Keywords: Sustainability indicators. Universities. Envinronmental Impacts
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Sustainability Practices in Logistics Service Providers: A Literature Review
FROIO, J. P.; BEZERRA, S. B. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Environmental sustainability is a topic that has captured attention by both scientific community and organizations due to increased environmental concern throughout the world. In this context, companies from various sectors have adopted environmentally friendly practices in theirs activities making processes, services and goods environmentally sustainable. Logistics Service providers (LSP) from several countries act in this direction, carrying out internal and external environmental practices. This literature review sough articles published in international journals that bring many types of green practices undertaken only by LSP companies around the world, different from other studies already published. To analyze the selected articles, a classification in form of a framework with seven approaches was used to classify both internal and external environmental practices. This study showed that the logistics sector has been trying to cooperate with other sectors to minimize impacts on the environment. Some results are presented: several practices are still incipient; most of them are internal to the company; there is no compliance of practices among the sector, so most LSP companies try individually to take actions in favor of environmental sustainability, with little involvement of supply chain partners or customers. This study contributes: to the literature, since it has gathered studies about environmental sustainability practices adopted only by LSP, as for the sector which can benefit from the knowledge of practices carried out worldwide.
Keywords: Outsourcing Logistics, Green Initiatives, Green practices adoption, Third-party Logistics, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmental Technology for Tanneries and their Adequacy for Projects of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
E. A. Ananias; S. A. Pacca (USP)
|
Abstract: This work identifies and describes residue treatment technologies for the tannery
industry. The objective was considering each technology face to its potential to
fulfill the requirements of a clean development mechanism (CDM) project. The CDM
offers a source of revenues that might facilitate the adoption of environmental
benign technologies by the industry, and therefore, aligns global and local benefits.
Through a literature review we identified technologies that could be associated with
CDM approaches and the CDM methods that already have been applied to the
industry. Despite their high cost, low thermal conversion and gasification of
residues are among the most promising technologies. Our next efforts consists of
an emission inventory of the tanneries coupled to technical and economic feasibility
studies of the most promising alternatives so that we propose a CDM road map for
the sector.
Keywords: Tanneries, alternative waste treatment, clean development mechanism
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Environmentally Sustainable Innovation: Attributes Expected in the Purchase of Green Vehicles and Furniture
DE MEDEIROS, J. F.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D. (UFRS)
|
Abstract: This article investigates the perception of potential consumers regarding the offer of environmentally sustainable products. Employing projective techniques for sentence completion, it sought to discover which attributes of green products and processes are expected by automobile and furniture consumers, along with the risks associated to the offer of said characteristics. Considering the completions made, it was possible to observe that the 12 respondents are aware of the product and process attributes that the studied industries provide in terms of environmentally sustainable innovations. Nevertheless, it is inferred that green innovations in automobiles may generate a perception of functional risk among consumers, that is, that the product does not offer the desired performance. By the other hand, the completions revealed that the respondents perceive lower social and financial risk in green automobiles and furniture. The results obtained allow companies of the analyzed sectors to steer their innovation and communication efforts towards the attributes listed as qualifiers, while also assisting the theoretical investigation about the decision-making process for purchasing green products.
Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Environmentally sustainable Products, Choice Attributes
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Environmentally Sustainable Product Development Process: Diagnostic and Suggestions for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
LAGO, N. C.; KOLLING, C. (UPF); MEDEIROS, J. F. (UPF/UFRGS); RIBEIRO, J. L. D.; MARCON, A. (UPF)
|
Abstract: The present study aimed (i) to investigate the approaches and the advances made in the academic discussion regarding the alignment between environmental sustainability and the product development process, and (ii) to develop a diagnostic on small and medium-sized enterprises that operate in southern Brazil. To that end, an exploratory research was performed in two steps: a bibliographical and a field research. The bibliographical research was carried out on Web of Science and Scopus databases. The field research was performed with the managers of 18 industries of different segments. Regarding the theoretical research, the results indicate that some studies highlight that sustainability practices must be integrated into the existing product development processes, other studies propose that specific models should be developed, and, finally, another field of research highlight tools that can be used in sustainable development processes. As to the field research, it can be stated that the organizations sampled understand the need for environmental sustainability in products and processes, and define internal drivers for the adoption of the adequate practices, adapting to the regulatory pressures and to the market demands. Nevertheless, the results also show that the companies’ present structural gaps in the product development processes, perform incomplete sustainable design actions and do not possess broad experience in the specific activities of the green product development process. Considering the results, a referential system to orient the practice of an environmentally sustainable product development process is proposed.
Keywords: Green Product Development Process. Environmental Sustainability. Green Product Innovations
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Equilibrium and Kinetic Modelling Studies of Adsorption of Crystal Violet dye onto Zeolites of Coal Fly and Botton Ashes
T. C. R. Bertolini, D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CENEN)
|
Abstract: The adsorption of the crystal violet dye (CV) over zeolites from coal fly ash (ZCL) and coalbotton ash (ZCP) was evaluated. The coal ashes were used in the synthesis of zeolites by
alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The dye adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained after 8
min and 10 min contact time for ZCL and ZCP, respectively. Pseudo-first- and second-order
kinetic models have been applied to the experimental data and pseudo-second-order kinetic
was found to describe the adsorption of the dye on the adsorbents. Intra-particle diffusion
studies revealed that the adsorption rates were not solely controlled by the diffusion step.
The equilibrium data of ZCL was found to best fit to the Langmuir model, while ZCP was best
explained by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities were 19,6 mg g-1 for
the CV/ZCL system and 17,6 mg g-1 for the CV/ZCP system.
Keywords: Coal fly ash, coal botton ash, zeolite, basic dye, adsorption
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Establishment of Energy-Production and Environmental Indicators in the Physical Refinery Area of a Colombian Food Company
DURÁN, M. P.; PEÑA, M. A.; VANEGAS, M. C. (a. Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); MORENO, A. (b. e2 Energía Eficiente S.A E.S.P. - Colombia); MEJÍA, J. (Team Foods S.A - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the application of the strategic decision stage for the implementation of an Integrated Energy Management System, based on the NTC ISO 50,001:2011 standard, in the physical refinery area of a company in the food area, a vegetable oil and grease producer located in Colombia. The principles for obtaining control charts and consumption indexes are shown as a complement to the implementation of the equivalent production method to obtain the base and target lines in terms of natural gas and electric energy consumption for the elaboration of its products from three different raw materials: palm, soybean and sunflower. Through the analysis of each of these graphs, some representative saving potentials were obtained of 30.7, 31.37 and 50.4% in electricity, for soybean, palm and sunflower, respectively, and 23.10, 22.7 and 45% in natural gas in the same order above. These savings are reflected also in the equivalent reduction of CO2 emissions with an average of 670.43 CO2Eq annually, where 229.7 tons of CO2 correspond to savings in the physical refinery area due to electrical energy saving consumption and 430.73 tons of CO2 refer to the impact of reducing the consumption of natural gas.
Keywords: Energy characterization, food area, saving potential, energy performance indicator, CO2 emissions.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Evaluación de un Proceso Microbiológico de Compostaje Acelerado de la Fracción Orgánica de los Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios
D. Di Giusto, A. Ledesma, J. Dutto (UNC-Argentina)
|
Abstract: In this organizational presentation was developed a biotechnology, for the planet's health care
and quality of life for its habitants. The main solution consists of a pool of natural
microorganisms, which combine synergistically to accelerate and improve the biotransformation
of organic solid waste source at home. This method generated as a result a number of
economic, social and environmental as well as an excellent cost-effectiveness.
This system of waste treatment is intended to minimize the amount of waste to be disposed of,
and is considered to be transformed into the perfect complement to any landfill technology by
accelerating time to degrade the material and reduce the space usedfor this process.
This initiative aims to transform the philosophy which sees waste, harnessing the potential they
have, when considered not as mere waste, but as important renewable resources.
The proposed method is a microbiological process accelerated composting the organic fraction of
domestic solid waste. Under controlled conditions of aeration, temperature and moisture, organic
waste is converted into a biological fertilizer in a period not exceeding 20 days. The speed of the
process prevents the occurrence of disease vectors, flies, rodents, and the emergence of odors
associated with anaerobic decomposition of waste. Is performed on concrete cradles to prevent
runoff of liquids, and every time you finish the biotransformation of waste can be used the same
crib.
The resulting compost is high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which makes it a high
quality fertilizer.
Keywords: Accelerated compost, microbiological inoculums, organic waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Evaluating the Global Productivity of a Medium Size Agribusiness
A. D. Frugoli, C. M. V. B. Almeida, Pedro A. Frugoli, Ana P. Z. Santos, M. V. Mariano (UNIP)
|
Abstract: A medium size agribusiness located at São Sebastião do Paraíso, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is
evaluated in order to determine the effects of the integrated production process in its
productivity. Results are compared with those obtained for agribusiness without integration.
The farm is composed by an integrated production of corn, eggs, pigs and milk. Emergy
accounting is applied to evaluate the energy and materials flows driving the production
process. The farm total emergy is 1,23 x 10e+18 seJ/ano. The values obtained for eggs, pigs
and milk are, respectively, 24, 5 e 6 times higher than the results observed in literature for
traditional production systems. Global productivity values for the three by-products are
indicate that integrated production processes are more environmentally efficient.
Keywords: Emergy, agribusiness, transformity, environmental efficiency, global productivity
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of a Wastewater Treatment System for Constructed Wetland with Aeration Step
ANDRADE, H. H. B. (USP)
|
Abstract: The constructed wetlands (CW) represent an increasingly used way around the world for the wastewater treatment, this technology is based on natural processes of nutrient cycling and degradation of organic matter in the wastewater at similar rates found in nature. The CW have satisfactory efficiencies in the removal of compounds such as organic matter, has low power consumption and operational simplicity, however, may require significant areas for construction and show instability in the removal of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the initial performance of a wastewater treatment system by evaluating the physical and chemical parameter settings carried out in a bench scale apparatus treating synthetic substrate. The system consists of septic tank, decanter, free aerated flow wetland and wetland drowned vertical subsurface flow. Efficiencies were obtained up to 89% removal of organic matter in terms of TOC, 87% of total nitrogen removal and 8% free of phosphorus.
Keywords: Constructed wetlands, aeration, wastewater treatment, nitrogen removal
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of Aerobic Biodegradation from Polymers Poli(3-hidroxybutirate) and Synthetic Based on Additives by Action of Activated Sludge
F. S. M. de Souza; M. A. Henning; F. J. Bassetti (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the aerobic biodegradation of two different polymers by the action of activated sludge. This aim is reached bringing face to face a biopolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutirate), and a synthetic polymer based on additives. The present work has been conducted in two batches, employing an Activated Sludge System with extra aeration. The evaluation of biodegradation was based on polymers analysis – weight loss and scanning electron microscopy - and on microbial development - production of CO2 and substrate analysis. Based on the results it was possible to conclude that the biopolymer was completely degraded. On the other hand, the results observed with synthetic polymer based on additives do not allow qualifying it as biodegradable in tested conditions.
Keywords: Biodegradable polymers, biodegradability, activated sludge
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of Cleaner Production in the Mechanical Metal Sector of the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul
HOLLVEG, S. D. S.; ADAMY, A. P. A.; ROSA, L. C. (UFSM)
|
Abstract: More and more companies should be alert to trends imposed by the market, such as fitness for clean technologies. In this context, there are tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), which help organizations to suit their processes and products. Given these aspects, it is important that companies adopt environmental policies solidified in its corporate culture. Thus, research to identify how the CP tool could be applied to companies belonging to the mechanical metal sector of the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, we identified which PML actions are used and analyzed the impact of the same in the companies surveyed. We used an assessment of the use of CP, characterized as a study of case of qualitative-quantitative character. It was concluded that the companies surveyed follow the CP premises more directly at levels 1 and 2, through reduction actions at source and internal recycling, showing an engagement of the sector in accordance with environmental policies.
Keywords: CP, Mechanical Metal, Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of Cleaner Production Opportunities for the Horizontal Packaging Process
STALTER, C. F.; MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: Bioriented polypropylene (BOPP) is a type of flexible polymer widely used in the film format for the packaging of various materials, including in the food market. The packaging route begins with the production of the film that goes into the flexographic printing process and then reaches the horizontal packaging process. The three processes are carried out by different companies and each one presents its environmental impacts, in this sense, this work aims to carry out the diagnosis of these processes and from this survey, to point out Cleaner Production (P + L) opportunities in the packaging process seeking reduction of waste in the generating source. The potential environmental impacts of each of the processes were identified and the packaging process also identified opportunities for improvement aimed at reducing the generation of waste at source. For this, it was taken into account that the company that carries out the packaging process has two different machines for the same type of process: one old and one of a more current model. From a simple process follow-up, it was identified that the old machine generates a greater amount of waste when compared to the new one. In this way, it was highlighted as an opportunity to improve the proper quality control of the coils, to replace the manual feeding of the mats by the automatic feeding and the installation of a stop sensor so that the machine interrupts the process when there is no material on the mat, avoiding the generation of empty packages that are discarted as waste.
Keywords: BOPP, packaging, Cleaner Production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of Costs, Benefits and Externalities Associated with the Product Life Cycle in the Context of the Circular Economy: A Study for Aluminum Packaging
ALBUQUERQUE, T. L. M.; MATTOS, C. A.; SCUR, G.; KISSIMOTO, K. (FEI)
|
Abstract: The Circular Economy aims to transform waste into resources and seeks to link the production and consumption activities. Conceptual logic for value creation is based on the economic value obtained by reusing a product for the production of new offerings. The development of business models in the context of the Circular Economy is gaining importance in the academic, corporate and government environments. The transition of companies from a linear to a Circular Economy (CE) brings a series of challenges, and it is essential to understand the impact of changes in their business models. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate the costs, benefits and externalities by applying tools that capture the variables involved throughout the life cycle of a product. Thus, objective aims to analyze the benefits of using aluminum packaging in the food industry, combining the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method and externalities, since in the context of the circular economy one should consider not only the cost of one Product during its life cycle, but also the economic benefit or added value for society. The study seeks to contribute to the evolution of concepts and methods by helping to integrate nd optimize economic, social and environmental considerations to provide more sustainable scenarios in the future. The results obtained through the LCC method and externalities indicated economic benefit and reduction of CO2.
Keywords: Circular Economy, LCC, aluminum packaging, Externalities
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of Essential Drivers of Green Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Approach
GOVINDAN. K. A. (University of South Denmark-Denmark); SHANKAR, M. (Anna University-India)
|
Abstract: Green Manufacturing (GM) issues became the wide biased debate over the last decade because of its
environmental concerns an economical importance. This paper attempts to analyze the drivers of GM with a fuzzy
approach. The common drivers are identified through
the existing literature and with the combined assistance of
industry experts. The Common drivers are provided as stakeholders (D1), company image (D2), competitors (D3),
financial benefit (D4), environmental conservation
(D5), customers (D6) and compliance with regulations
(D7).These seven drivers are getting compared over
one another based on the data provided by the firm
which is
situated in the southern part of India. This paper
concludes with the priority among common drivers to
find out
the essential driver of GM. This study helps to identify the essential driver of GM and in the future
it also assists to
stimulate that essential driver for implementing GM.
Keywords: Green Manufacturing, Drivers, Fuzzy AHP
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity on Raw Influents and Treated Efluents on Urban Area
LOPES, V. R. (USP), FRANÇA, D. D., QUINAGLIA, G. A., SATO, M. I. Z. (CETESB)
|
Abstract: The wastewater raw influent have a high pollutants concentration and conventional (WWTP) may be not enough to remove endocrine disruptors compounds. This study evaluates estrogenic activity on samples of urban area and viability of Blyes (Bioluminescent Yeast Estrogen Screen) bioassay on these matrices. Were collected raw influent, treated effluent and recycled water of two WWTP. This assay were able to detected estrogenic activity about 14,66 a 24,41 ngE2equiv.L reduction on estrogenic activity comparing to i other it was under the limit of detection (0,10 ngE2equiv. L indicate that this bioassay may be useful micropollutants on effluents that can achieve environment.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, estrogenic activity, water quality, recycled waters
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Purchase of a Vehicle, Based on the Vehicle Brazilian Labeling Program
A. C. Reis (CEFET-RJ/PUC-Rio), B. F. Silvestre(SENAC-RJ), A. C. S. Barros (CEFET-RJ)
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Abstract: At the end of the twentieth century many countries designed laws and benefits in order to
reduce the waste of energy. Thus, is created in Brazil in 1993, the Brazilian Program
Labeling that aimed to inform consumers the energy performance standard of
domestic appliances. However, cars, which are responsible for a large
share of fossil fuels, were not included in the program. So in
2008 was created the Brazilian Labeling Program (PBE vehicle), which aimed to
classify vehicles in terms of energy consumption. Thus the present study
analyzed the EBP vehicular regarding their knowledge to consumers, and
its use when buying a vehicle. As a result it was evident that the
program requires greater dissemination to be more recognized by the market
consumer, and a new policy for the participation of assemblers, since some cars that have
greater popularity are not included in the program
Keywords: Vehicle Brazilian Labeling Program, brazilian automotive industry, car passengers
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Evaluation of Key Factors, Productive Losses and Environmental Impacts in Palm Oil Production Process
MERIÑO, L. I.; ABIANTUN, A.; GERMÁN, L.; SEPÚLVEDA, J. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
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Abstract: Palm oil production is a coordinated activity that includes the execution of procedures, the application of specific techniques and processes and the integration of resources as equipments, labor, people, and materials in a way that each of them has a direct influence not only in the production, but the positive impacts of this activity as well. In this work it is applied a process of analysis, applied in a palm oil producing company located in the north Caribbean of Colombia. It is focused in the evaluation of five specific dimensions of the productive process and its resources complemented with the study of causes and effects according with Ishikawa. All of this work is intended to search for the particular conditions that determine the main loses and impacts attached with the extraction of palm oil, showing the effects of process standardization, the productive impact of the correct selection of materials, the level of education and training of people, the actual status of machinery and equipment and all the relationship between these elements over production loses, critical points of control in the process, biological, physical and social-economic impacts of extraction.
Keywords: Loses, production, palm oil, Ishikawa.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Bio-Fertilizer as Energy Disposals from Biomass Degraded by Bio-Digestion in the Production of Horticultural Bedding Plants at the Department of Agricultural Sciences – Cordoba - Argentina
STOBBIA, D.; VIERA FERNÁNDEZ B.; DUTTO J.; LEDESMA A. (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Argentina)
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Abstract: The use of bio-digesters is a clear example of Socially Appropriate Technology, generating biogas at domestic or commercial scale plus liquid and solid bio-fertilizer. Bio-digestion is a natural process that corresponds to the anaerobic cycle of carbon, actioned and combined with different groups of bacteria in total absence of oxygen, using organic materials to feed and reproduce. In this digestion it is possible to identify two type of products as fertilizers: the liquid bio fertilizer called “boil” (effluent) and the solid bio fertilizer called “biosol” (digested mud). This bio-factors promote the growth of vegetables and can be apply both to the foliage as to the seed through imbibition. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the behavior of liquid and solid bio-fertilizer, coming from the biomass of solid urban disposals (SUD) on the germination and growth of horticultural bedding seeds. Five experiments for the biol were proposed, T1: 100% Water, T2, 75% Water and 25% Biol, T3: 50% Water and 50% Biol, T4: 25% Water and 75% Biol and T5: 100% biol. For the biosol, the experiments were T1: 100% Water, T2, 75% Water and 25% Biosol, T3: 50% Water and 50% Biosol, T4: 25% Water and 75% Biosol and T5: 100% Biolsol. Even though both bio-fertilizers energetically promote higher growth of bedding seeds and higher percentages of germination, the doses used are different depending whether it is liquid or solid. The solid urban disposals provide a residual biomass with an important biological potential to improve degraded soils and horticultural or biointensive production.
Keywords: bio-fertilizer, bio-digestion, germination, bedding seed growth, bio-production
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Evaluation of Mercury-Free Alternatives in Hospitals of Sonora, Mexico
ÁLVAREZ CHÁVEZ, C. R.; LOUSTAUNAU PELLAT, A.; ARCE CORRALES, M. E.; MUNGUÍA VEGA, N. E. (UNISON-Mexico); GALLIGAN, C. (University of Massachussets Lowell-USA); QUINN, M. (UNISON-México)
|
Abstract: Mercury pollution is a global problem because its toxicity and
because when it is released remains circulating in
the environment and is spread through the air. This paper shows the evaluation of mercury-free measuring
instruments such as digital thermometers and sphygmomanometers as safer alternatives in two pilot hospitals of
Sonora Mexico. The data collections were obtained from hospital nurses through questionnaires. The Hg-free
devices were in general well accepted by nurses as adequate and safer alternatives to reduce and/or eliminate
mercury. The actions recommended in this paper include following a guide with accurate requirements and
specifications when hospitals acquire digital thermometers and mercury-free sphygmomanometers, a calibration
system for thermometers and mercury-free sphygmomanometers, provide batteries disposal services to the digital
thermometers and replacement of batteries when needed in order that the nurses accept better this instrument,
promote the use of solar digital thermometers that avoid the problem caused by the use of batteries in digital
thermometers, work closely with the manufacturers so that they take over the composture of the
sphygmomanometers, and continue Hg training in hospitals staff in order to be aware of Hg hazards and take into
account the costs of the harm of the health
and environment of Hg pollution
Keywords: Mercury, hospital, pollution prevention, safer alternative
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Evaluation of Pelletization Methods of Zeolitic Material from Coal Ash
BERTOLINI, T. C. R.; GHILEN, S. N.; FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN)
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Abstract: The evaluation of different methods of pelletization of zeolitic material synthesized from coal ashes was described in this work. The coal fly ash used in the synthesis of the zeolite by alkaline hydrothermal treatment were collected in the Thermoelectric Complex Jorge Lacerda, located in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil, the largest coal burning thermoelectric complex of Latin America. The raw material and synthesized zeolite in powder form were characterized to obtain chemical composition, mineralogical composition and cation-exchange capacity. The pellets were formed by mixing of zeolitic material with one or more binders and addition of deionized water. The obtained plastic mass was molded manually in the form of spheres in the size range between 4 mm and 7 mm. Different methodologies of pelletization of zeolite material were evaluated by determining the cation exchange capacity of the obtained products, workability, physical strength and water stability. The pelletized zeolitic material obtained by the best method evaluated in this study was selected for future application as adsorbent material in the effluent treatment.
Keywords: coal fly ashes, hydrothermal treatment, zeolite, pelletization, pellets, adsorbent material
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Evaluation of Sustainability in Service Operations in Seven Higher Education Institutions in Brazil
DRAHEIN, A. D. (UNICESUMAR)
|
Abstract: The objective of this research is to identify good sustainability practices in service operations in seven higher education institutions, through an evaluation model in the service operations of higher education institutions. The model consists of a structure composed of five axes: 1) Governance / Policies, (2) People, (3) Food, (4) Energy / Water, (5) Waste / Environment and 134 criteria. To do so, a field study was conducted in Brazil by the first author of this article to obtain in-depth data on sustainability in the higher education institutions analyzed. In addition to direct observations and document collection, interviews were also conducted with teachers / academics, students, and staff. It was verified that the absence of government incentives for sustainability in the HEI is a point present in five of the seven HEI surveys. Another crucial point is the difficulty in associating the curriculum with service operations, as the managers are unable to associate these two areas, which prevents or delays studies on sustainability in service operations.
Keywords: sustainability, evaluation, higher education institutions, operations, services
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Evaluation of the Electrodialysis Process in the Treatment of Phosphate Containing Solution
ROTTA, E. H.; BITENCOURT, C. S.; MARDER, L.; BERNARDES, A. M. (UFRGS)
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Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is inherent to all life forms. The increasing in crop production requires an increase in the use of P as fertilizer, usually produced from phosphate rocks, a non-renewable source that are being depleted. On the other side, high levels of P on surface water from wastewater and agricultural may lead to environmental problems, such as eutrophication. Therefore, the present work evaluated the technical feasibility of a 5- compartment electrodialysis (ED) cell in the treatment of phosphate containing solution, prepared using Na2HPO4.7H2O and NaH2PO4.H2O salts, aiming the recovery of P from municipal wastewater. Heterogeneous cation- (HDX100) and anion- (HDX200) ion-exchange membranes were used. Current-voltage curves (CVCs) showed that the current density to be used in electrodialysis tests was limited by the HDX200 anion-exchange membrane. The average percent extraction (pe%) of sodium was 92%, while for phosphate-containing species was 61%. The phosphate-containing species removal may be restricted by the formation of a non-chargeable specie, H3PO4, resulted from changes on the pH conditions in the diluted compartment.
Keywords: phosphorus, sewage, membrane process, P-recovery
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Evaluation of the Environmental Management System at Industry of Leather
P. C. Setter; C. Schimuneck; J. A. R. Moraes (UNISC)
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Abstract: This case study aimed to evaluate an environmental management system of a company in the leather sector of the city of Novo Hamburgo, where we analyzed the production process of the company, since the arrival of hides and chemicals until the proper disposal of each waste generated in the process. This study was based on the GAIA method proposed by Leripio (2000), and the company has adopted an environmental management in their processes, which facilitated the analysis and interpretations of issues by staff involved with the research.
Keywords: Evaluation of impacts, ambient management, leather
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Evaluation of the Physical and Virtual Water Transfers for Beijing City in China
FANXING MENG; GENGYUAN LIU; ZHIFENG YANG (Beijing Normal University - China); CASAZZA, M. (Beijing Normal University - China/Parthenope University of Naples - Italy); GIANNETTI, B. F. (Beijing Normal University - China/UNIP)
|
Abstract: Freshwater resources are unevenly and geographically distributed in China. In Beijing city, located in the North China Plain with per capita water availability under 150m3 /y, the Water Stress Index (WSI) has been over 100% under extreme water stresses. Water supply gap threatens to sink Beijing's ambitious develop goal as one of the center of political, economic and cultural in the world. Therefore, China has started to construct the world’s largest physical water transfer project — the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) since 2010. Of which, 13 Gm3 water is transferred from the Yangtze River Basin to Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin annually through the Middle Route project to Beijing and Tianjin in the Northern. Besides physical water transfer project, virtual water strategy is another solution to remedy regional water scarcity. Virtual water defined as the water required for the production of goods and services along their supply chains, is transferred along the domestic and international economic trade. Based on virtual water transfer, water scarce region, such as Beijing, imports water-intensive products instead of producing them locally in order to save local water resources. In this paper, a model linking the interregional trade data in China and in the world was built and applied to account the virtual water flow throughout the entire supply chain from the domestic provinces to the world. Based on this, we accounted the physical and virtual water transfer for the social economic system in Beijing city and evaluated the impact on the regional water stress in China.
Keywords: Water transfer, virtual water, Beijing city, multiregional input-output analysis
[Abstract]
|
Evaluation of the Pollutant Removal Mechanisms of a Reed Bed System: Biochemical Parameters
A. M. Islam; T. Tudor; M. Bates (University of Northampton - UK)
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Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the key biochemical mechanisms that occur within a reed
bed system or constructed wetland during the treatment of landfill leachate. Soil
respirations, dehydrogenase activities and urease activities within a horizontal subsurface
flow reed bed were extensively examined to determine these mechanisms. Variations in
biochemical parameters because of change in space and leachate applications were
investigated. Correlations among the biochemical parameters and between biochemical
parameters and pollutant removal efficiency were undertaken.
No biochemical activities showed any horizontal variations across the reed bed. For both
preloading and during-loading conditions, soil respirations and dehydrogenase activities did
not have any vertical variations whereas urease activities at 5cm depth were significantly
higher (P<0.001) than those at 50cm and 90cm depth. When during-loading conditions were
compared with preloading conditions, soil respirations showed no variation at any depth,
whereas significant reductions were observed at 50cm (P=0.034) for dehydrogenase
activities and at 50cm (P=0.018) and 90cm (P=0.004) depths for urease activities. A modest
correlations (r= 0.474, P=0.023) between soil respirations and dehydrogenase activities was
observed. A strong correlation (r=0.777, P<0.001) was found between dehydrogenase
activities and urease activities. No correlation existed between the biochemical parameters in
the reed bed soil and the pollutant removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD)
or total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Aerobic microbial activity showed equal potential for the
degradation of pollutants in the wastewater which suggests the importance of creating
suitable conditions for aerobic microbes within the root zone in the reed bed. Significant
reduction of total microbial activities at the middle depth suggests that it was influenced
more by heavy metals due to more exposure to leachate. The top layer reed bed soil needs
to be properly utilised to maximise the reduction of nitrogenous pollutants from leachate. A
biochemical activity can be utilised to predict another biochemical activity but not the
removal of COD and TKN.
Keywords: Reed beds, leachate, respiration, dehydrogenase, urease
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Evaluation of Key Factors, Productive Losses and Environmental Impacts in Palm Oil Production Process
MERIÑO, L. I.; ABIANTUN, A.; GERMÁN, L.; SEPÚLVEDA, J. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The methodology of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) according to the typology by attributes, was implemented to the general poultry process (transport of fertile egg and chicken meat, laying hens farm, broilers and / or reproduction farm, Plant of profit or sacrifice, wastewater plant and storage and distribution plant for chicken meat). The purpose of the LCA analysis was to identify, classify and evaluate the potential environmental impacts (PEI) generated in the different unit operations that make up the life cycle of chicken meat in Santander, Colombia. The construction of the inventory was carried out with data from the poultry industry of a confidential nature (consumption of chemicals, natural resources, fuel and the generation of liquid and atmospheric waste) and literature (emissions associated with the generation of chicken manure, consumption of electric energy and fossil fuel). The scope of the LCA includes the evaluation of the PEIs from door to door, and the impacts associated with the consumption of raw materials such as: water, electricity, natural gas, chemical inputs (additives, coagulants, disinfectants, etc.) and the final disposal of waste (liquid, solid and gaseous). The ACV methodology took as reference the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC-ISO 14040 and NTC-ISO 14044), which establish the criteria for the identification and creation of the environmental inventory, the analysis and interpretation of results, all with the help of the tool (SimaPro software 7.1, available version) according to the EDIP evaluation method 2003. The functional unit of production was 1 ton of chicken meat. The consumption of the mass and energy flow was quantified with a calculation base of 1 hour (mass in ton, energy in MJ). From the analysis obtained, alternatives were proposed to improve the process under study. The processes that contributed most to the generation of environmental impacts were in a 50.84% Reproductive farm associated with the consumption of energy and chemical inputs, followed by the Incubation plant (27.16%), the storage and distribution area ( 10.63%), the benefit plant (8.93%), the fattening farm (1.71%) and finally the transportation by 0.73%. An analysis was carried out based on a modification of the overall process, which consisted in suppressing the housing subprocess (laying hens) that contributed an environmental contribution of 47.1% (88% of 53.4%), as a result of the energy consumption in the Reproduction Plant; obtaining the following results; the order of maximum energy consumption was obtained by the beneficiation plant, with a percentage of participation of 39.5%, evidenced by the treatment of wastewater generated in the processes by 20% and by the consumption of energy. From the above, the importance of using alternative energies was inferred, as well as controlling the consumption of energy in the different processes that make up the poultry industry.
Keywords: Life Cycle Analysis, Potential Environmental Impact, Environmental Impact Category, poultry, greenhouse gases.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Evaluation of Procedures of the Party in SICONV
VIEIRA, L. L. (Ministry of Planning/UnB)
|
Abstract: This article consolidates the efforts of the Research Group of Information Systems for the construction of a
reference model for the management of agreements concluded on the basis of voluntary transfers funds from the
Brazilian government. Here is the Consolidated Reference Model for Product Evaluation Process of the contracting
party, scheduled for the 3rd stage of the research
project. This model will be used as a reference to
the 4th. stage
of the project will be submitted when the reality of some selected sample with agreements. Experience
gained in
this next step will allow the consolidation of the
Reference Model.
An important contribution of this instrument is to
facilitate the understanding of the proposals for the improvement
of the processes discussed here, available to all interested parties with information regarding process redesign,
since the organization to the detail of the activities of each of these processes.
The results presented here do not have a character
finalistic. Unlike this, aim to guide the next stage of the project
which is the Survey of the Reference Model along with a set of states and municipalities, with their experiences,
can contribute to the idealized model now.
Keywords: Transparency in government, new technologies and public policies, government, information systems, e-
Government
|
Evaluation of the Potential of Absorption Refrigeration in Shopping Centers in Barranquilla, Colombia
RODRÍGUEZ TOSCANO, A.D.A.; SAGASTUME GUTIÉRREZ A. A.; CABELLO ERAS, J.J. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This study analyzes the energy potential of an absorption cooling system with solar collectors in different shopping centers in Barranquilla. Field measurements of the refrigeration systems were made and the benefits of this technology compared to the compression refrigeration systems in use were analyzed. The results show that introducing refrigeration by absorption, can generate electricity savings of up to 74.25%, with a decrease of up to 47.12 Tonnes / year of CO2 equivalent for the percentage without the use of electricity.
Keywords: Refrigeración, absorción, electricidad, colector solar y centro comercial.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Evaluation of the Reverse Logistics Performance in Civil Construction
HAMMES, G.; SOUZA, E.D.; RODRIGUEZ, C.M.T. (UFSC - Brazil); ROJAS, R.H.; MOJICA, J.C. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Reverse Logistics is an activity that excels adding value to customers upon returning the consumer product to its origin. This return, when applied to products at the end of its useful life, makes this practice a "green" dimension because it provides an environmentally correct disposal of waste and assists the reuse of material, recycling and remanufacturing. Therefore, the operations performance evaluation arouses interest and acquires relevance. However, this activity is still little practiced in developing countries, such as Brazil and Colombia. It is the purpose of this article, to present a model for the Reverse Logistics performance evaluation in the construction industry - one of the sectors that most generates waste and which has a tremendous economic impact on the nations. The research began with a search in databases for publications concerning the performance evaluation of this practice with the aim to serve the model construction. The search resulted in only one article in the civil construction sector. Thus, it was researched in an exploratory way for studies that would enable the mapping of reverse flows of civil construction in developing countries. From this mapping a model was elaborated with indicators that address the logistics of supplies, internal and reverse, in order to evaluate the companies performance of this sector. A test was performed in a Brazilian construction company and in another Colombian one with the aim to demonstrate its applicability, where it was possible to highlight improvement points for each company and for the model that can be reapplied in other organizations of the sector. Despite the excellent performance presented by companies, it was noticed the lack of attention with this logistics area.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, Civil construction, Performance evaluation.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Evaluation of the Use of Recyclable Materials for Heating Water in Swimming Pools
D. V. B. Pereira (PUC-GO), A. Pasqualetto, O. R. dos Santos (PUC-GO/IFG)
|
Abstract: With the population growth and mechanization increased the demand for electricity in Brazil that
causes significant environmental impacts with the construction of hydroelectric plants. Solar
power helps reduce energy consumption in power plants, due to high levels of solar radiation
and by being a source of renewable energy. The construction of solar collectors of recyclable
materials such as PET and Tetra Pak is a way to minimize the cost of a solar collector system,
solar water heating in swimming pools and consumption of electricity. This project aims to
evaluate the use of recyclable materials for heating water in swimming pools, through library
research and its deployment on a farm with surface area of 50 m². In assessing the thermal
system (solar collector and tank), has an efficiency of 28% and a reduction of deployment costs
by 50 % with other systems.
Keywords: Solar energy, warming, economy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evaluation of the Removal of Heavy Metals in Sewage with the use of Wetland
A. S. Melo Júnior (UNICAMP-UNIP), S. Moreira, D. M. Roston, J. E. Paternianni (UNICAMP), P. J. G. Ferreira, A. Frugoli (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Currently only 10% of sewage produced in Brazil is undergoing some kind of treatment. Getting a
volume of approximately 10 billion gallons to be played every day in the country's rivers and
streams, causing major environmental impacts on water resources. The deployment of wetlands
also known internationally for wetlands represent an efficient technology for wastewater treatment
in places of low purchasing power. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a
pilot constructed wetland system, installed at UNICAMP, the removal of metals and other chemicals
present in sewage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, UNICAMP using the technique for
Synchrotron Radiation Total of X-Ray Reflection Fluorescence (SR-TXRF). This study is important
because many researchers have studied the rate of removal of total phosphorus, DBO, DQO, fecal
coliform, turbidity, etc., but there are not many studies related to analysis of metals. For the
project macrophyte species were used: Typha sp. and Eleocharis sp. for the purification of
sewage. There was, for example, that the system input concentration of Cr ranged from 0,050 to
2.9 mg.L-1, while the output with Typha sp concentration ranged from 0,001 to 0,050 mg.L-1 and
output with Eleocharis sp rate ranged from 0,003 to 0,500 mg.L-1. Comparing the removal of P
for the two macrophyte species Eleocharis sp showed better efficiency, as the removal averaged
for the entire sampling period was 71,04%, while to Typha sp. the value obtained was in 23,20%.
Keywords: Wetland, environment, heavy metal, total reflection
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evolution of Environmental Performance Indicators in Colombia: Case Study in Industrial Sector Cali - Yumbo
GRANADA, L. F. (Universidad Libre - Colombia); COOPER, R. E. (UNICAMP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This paper shows the results of the monitoring of the application of Environmental Performance Indicators in the industrial sector between the cities of Cali and Yumbo - Colombia from 2005 to 2013. The lack of an evaluation of the indicators makes it difficult for organizations, community and state establish policies, priorities and organizational, sectoral and municipal strategies in matters of environmental management, public and commercial health. The methodology used was environmental management procedure techniques such as ISO 14031 for the selection and evaluation of 34 Indicators of Productive Action (IAP), Environmental Conditions (ICA) and Directive Performance (IAD), through a survey. The results of the evaluation of the indicators allowed identifying opportunities for productive, environmental and managerial improvement of the organizations. Likewise, to specify the potential that the manufacturing industry of these cities must participate in eco efficiency chains, markets and green businesses in the world.
Keywords: Environmental Performance Indicators; ISO 14031; Cleaner Production; Environmental management.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Evolution of Industrial Environmental Approaches
J. C. F. Lima, E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The industrial sector has began, in the 21st century, to rethink and redesign its production
processes aiming to minimize natural resources depletion, to foster the use of environmental
friendly materials, to research the impact related to the products throughout their life cycle,
and to recognize the interdependence between environment and industrial systems in order
to change from processes based on unidirectional flows of energy and materials into closedloops
systems. During this period, a number of instruments were developed to fulfill the
industry needs. For that reason, this study analyzes the evolution of environmental
approaches in the industrial scenario in order to discuss the instruments used to achieve the
environmental sustainability of business.
Keywords: Environmental approaches, corporate environmental sustainability, environmental
management tools, industrial ecology
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Evolution of the Environmental Management System for Enterprise in Brazil: an Exploratory Study of Certifications
B. C. S. Peixe, A. C. Trierweiller, A. C. Bornia, F. S. P. Sant'anna (UFSC)
|
Abstract: This research tries to reveal the information to demonstrate the performance improvement
of the environmental management of businesses, from the evolution of environmental
certifications as a way to give more visibility to stakeholders. The objective this research is
to elicit information related to the certifications to show the evolution of the Environmental
Management System (EMS) companies. This research is qualitative and its nature as it is
applied, his approach is descriptive and exploratory investigations with regard to the goal,
besides being made of a literature search. Was identified in the results to performance
evaluation of the environmental management of companies, based on the authors of the
research scope and in relation to issue certifications by the certifying body, the National
Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO). It was found that
firms use certification as one of the indicators to influence the improvement of performance
and competitiveness, indicating the evolution of the system certification of environmental
management in businesses and demonstrate the importance of performance evaluation in
this process.
Keywords: Evolution of certification, evaluation of environmental management, ISO 14001, ISO 14031
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Experience of Recycled Paper Use in Certification Exams: on the Impacts of Convincing Suppliers to Improve Environmental Management
L. R. Calado (Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität - Germany)
|
Abstract: Paper-based test application is a field in which environmental sustainability has a long path to improve before reaching desirable standards, especially at the light of techniques such as the Tree Savings Formula, whereby this Organizational Experience Report show a definite example of such statement. This paper presents a case study in which the organization that runs a countrywide test was able to convince the examination manufacturers, thereby increasing the environmental efficiency of the exam in a national scale. This result provides evidence that in persuading the agent responsible for the actual production of the exam’s paper copies to use recycled paper the leading organization executive responsible for the test achieved its goal of enhanced sustainability, with several known general benefits.
Keywords: Cleaner production, recycled paper, company culture
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Experiential Learning: Lessons Learned from Global Higher Education Programs for Cleaner Production in Latin America
MCPHERSON, S.; ANID, N. M. (New York Institute of Technology, USA)
|
Abstract: Environmental education is linked to both business and engineering in a multinational partnership called Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas. In this partnership, faculty from seven Latin American universities are collaborating on the development of curriculum, and practicum/internship experiences that will equip engineering, environmental science and business students with the technical knowledge, skills and expertise required for the promotion of cleaner production in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in each country. The anticipated outcome is to generate a workforce equipped with new knowledge, skills and attitudes toward sustainability through cleaner production, and capable of facilitating and implementing sustainable industrial development. The partner universities modified or developed new courses, conducted workshops for capacity building of faculty and businesses in their communities, and incorporated experiential learning in practicums and internships. This paper focuses on the following research questions generated for determining the impact of the experiential learning:
- What technical competencies do the students gain from the courses/practicum/internship?
- What social responsibility competencies do the students gain?
- What workplace competencies do the students gain?
A student survey was developed and administered to 72 students from six participating countries. The results reflect gains in knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward cleaner production; the challenges of the experience in the context of working with a business; teamwork, communication and problem-solving work skills; and the changes in perceptions of cleaner production, social responsibility, and their role in a work setting. The survey results for the question regarding what was learned from teamwork indicate that the students perceived that they gained skills in multiple areas attributable to their experience in the practicum or internship when working as a team. Particularly strong across all participants were responses indicating increased skills in collaboration, communication, commitment to the project tasks and work ethics. Students indicated that the experiential learning changed their perceptions of teamwork and the value of working with others. The students also overwhelmingly reported that the biggest challenge of teamwork is miscommunication. The second most common response was lack of similar backgrounds within an interdisciplinary field such as sustainability in cleaner production. It is clear that students successfully gained technical skills from the course work but the experiential learning provided the context for gaining and applying social skills needed for working with others in the workplace.
Keywords: Experiential Learning, Cleaner Production, Sustainable Development, Education, Practicum, Internship, Global Partnership
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Exploration and Practice on the Compulsory Cleaner Production Auditing of Key Enterprise in China
Song Dan-na, Duan Ning, Bai yan-ying, Yin Jie (China National Cleaner Production Center-China)
|
Abstract: The very big result in the enterprise voluntary cleaner production auditing has been obtained
since cleaner production was carried out in our country, and our country has been generally
acknowledged as in the best development country for cleaner production. More and more key
enterprises have implemented the cleaner production auditing in recent years. The work for
cleaner production has been done in recent ten years. With the annunciating key enterprises
from each province environment protection hall for recent years, cleaner production auditing
has been done by thousands of enterprises involving in more than twenty industries.
Through the key enterprises of compulsory auditing of exploration and practice, this article
on the key enterprises of compulsory cleaner production auditing need, innovation,
implementation of status and elaborating the problems.
Keywords: Key enterprise, compulsory cleaner production auditing, auditing practice
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Exploring the Potentialities of Emergy Accounting in Studying the Limits of Growth for Urban Productive Systems
BALASTRERO JR., O. (IFSP); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: Cities are important urban productive systems in which its main goal could be considered as the innovation supplierto generate economic growth. As well as all social organization managed by economies of scale, cities have a tendency of eventually reduce or even stop its growth. In this scenario, public policies are essential to avoid a potential collapse of society. The sustainability of cities have been studied through different methodological approaches, but few scientific works assessed the limits of its growth. This work aims to explore the potentialities of emergy accounting (with an “m”) in the discussions about the limits of growth for urban productive systems. The cities named Araraquara, BragançaPaulista, Campinas, São Paulo, and Taubaté were considered as case study due to their socio-economic importance within São Paulo State boundaries, Brazil. Time leg considered was from 1999 to 2011. Results indicate that all assessed cities have the same development pattern as showed by the dynamics of “empower” (in seJ/yr), in which the differences are related to current development degree of cities. In parallel, all assessed cities showed an increase in their efficiency estimated by the conversion of input materials and energy (measured in seJ) into outputs of goods and services (measured in $), however, the efficiency stabilization along all evaluated period was not observed. This suggests that limits of growth as hypothesized in this work does not exist, or it was not reached yet, or even the time leg considered was not long enough to observe that stabilization. Although results did not allow to verify the limits of growth for the assessed cities, this work can be considered important due to its methodological approach used in assessing urban productive system, including the top-down approach, the input-output model of systems functioning, and the proposition of rainfall transformity calculates as the thermal exchange (14,150 seJ/J).
Keywords: Cities, Emergy, Empower, Limits of growth, Rainfall transformity
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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External Auditing of Corporate Social Responsibility Projects: Case Study of CSR Projects for Energy Company in Thailand
NIYOMMANEERAT, W.; BOONPRAMOTE, T.; CHAVALPARIT, O. (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok - Thailand)
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Abstract: The concept of auditing CSR toward sustainble development is connected with social, environmental and economic dimensions. Today, growing number of companies issuing such CSR projects is a part of their annual reporting. Despite there are problem in evaluting their quality. Each of the projects is different in the contexts and characteristics; consequently, the results of the CSR project are diverse. The aim of this paper is to design and determine the key performances indicators for comprehensive evaluation of sustainability CSR projects. Four CSR project case studies of energy company in Thailand are also used to verfiy the proposed methodology which based on ISO26000:2010 and GRI:G4 guideline. The study showed that the projects are worth for the investment as the “Social return on investment” (SROI) was greater than 1 in all of the CSR projects. Also, the CSR projects can reduce the cost and increase revenue for participating communities according to the value of direct economic value generated and distributed from the positive impacts of environmental and social conditions by the project operation. For the environmental indcators, GHG emission mitigation from the project operation is considered and converted to carbon credite value. Socail performances indicators were evaluted in the form of the value or benefit for community or society from project operarion. Sustainbility of CSR projects offers a comprehensive principle to create shared value in order to build a more satisfaction on stakeholders, sustainable development toward society in collaboration with economic success.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability Development, Economic indicators, Environmental indicators, Social indicators.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Extraction of Caffeine from the Husk of Coffea arabica
C. R. Cardoso, F. F. G. Telles, J. V. Nicolini, R. Santório, M. R. T. Halasz (DEQ / FAACZ)
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Abstract: The high amount of waste generated in coffee stimulates studies of valorization ways of these.
In order to make use of the coffee husk and decrease the generated environmental impacts in
this activity, this study aims to define a caffeine extraction and purification methodology from
Coffea arabica husk using dichloromethane as extracter solvent. The extraction of caffeine was
performed using coffee husk roasted at 160 ºC for a period of 5 minutes, by direct contact with
agitation, indirect contact using Soxhlet and direct contact without agitation for 8 hours,
resulting in 50% , 47% and 40% efficiencies respectively. Aiming to evaluate the direct contact
with agitation method, the extraction efficiency behavior was determined according 1, 4 and 8
hours extraction times, obtaining 32%, 33% and 55% respectively, suggesting efficiency
increase in over time. For the same method in order to analyze the extraction efficiency behavior
according the husk/solvent ratio of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20, getting 51%, 55% and 21,1%
respectively, indicating an efficiency decrease according to husk/solvent ratio decrease. The
caffeine extraction efficiency from this study was compared with some references data and these
reviews can be seen that dichloromethane is another alternative of organic solvent to extract
caffeine. In the caffeine purification was used a methodology in which the caffeine was treated
with calcium oxide, activated coal and submitted to crystallization and adsorption process. The
results showed that is possible to obtain an 99,95% efficiency and a 90,58% purity.
Keywords: Coffee husk, caffeine, extraction, purification
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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F - L |
Factors Analysis on Promotion of Cleaner Production in Compulsory Enterprises
Dan Zhigang; Duan Ning; Yu Xiuling; Yin Jie; Bai Yanying; Song Dan-na (National Cleaner Production Center - China)
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Abstract: Effects of economy, pollution press and external conditions on promotion of cleaner production
(CP) in compulsory enterprises were analyzed by regression method. As results, promotion of
CP in compulsory enterprises depend on economy and pollution press presently. This drives
greater role of the driving forces are internal, external role to be strengthened. At present, the
per capita GDP for each additional 10,000 Yuan increases compulsory enterprises audited rate
by 5.9 percent, sulfur dioxide emissions per capita for each additional 10kg will lead to
compulsory enterprises audited rate increased by 0.8%. In future, the main power for
promotion of CP in compulsory enterprises come from improving external conditions such as
relevant systems, regulatory policies, incentives and public participation.
Keywords: Compulsory enterprises, cleaner production, promotion, factors analysis
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Factors that Influence the Consumption of Organic Foods
TRENTO L. (UNISINOS - Brazil) GOECKS L. S. (UNISINOS/UNIPAMPA - Brazil); SOUZA, M.; DAUER, M. (UNISINOS - Brazil)
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Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that contribute to the consumption of organic foods in the southern region of Brazil. To identify the factors that influence the consumption of organic foods, a questionnaire was applied, resulting in 312 respondents. Where the method used to analyze the responses was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research showed that the main factors that influence consumption are: health, price, knowledge about organic foods. Producers are encouraged to invest in increasing knowledge diffusion; the benefits provided by organic food and work to reduce costs to match prices to conventional products. Future studies may review the question of the influence of relationships, family, and partners, on organic consumption. Also, the deepening of the factors that would influence nonconsumers because it is the largest existing market. Finally, we believe that increasing organic consumption will enable cleaner food production.
Keywords: Organic food; consumption of organic foods; consumer behavior; incentive factors; influencers.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Feasibility of Using Scrap Tires How the Composition of Concrete Aggregates Sidewalk to Rubber
A. C. A. Romualdo, D. E. dos Santos, L. M. de Castro (IFG), W. P. de Menezes (Furnas Electric Center), A. Pasqualetto, O. R. dos Santos (IFG)
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Abstract: The disposal of scrap tires has become an environmental problem evident. The objective is to
develop a technology that is capable of reusing these wastes inserting them into the composition
of concrete paving of sidewalks, replacing the fine aggregate. For four traits that were made of
concrete, one conventional and three with the addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of zest tires. The
tests were conducted at ages 3, 7 and 28 days in body-in- cylindrical specimens of dimensions
10 cm x 20 cm and body-of-proof prismatic of dimensions 5cm x 5cm x 20cm, evaluating
properties such as tensile and compressive strength in flexion, respectively. The results showed
that the trait that best satisfy the use for paving sidewalks was 5% plus tire fibers, however,
despite losing in strength, the concrete rubber won in other mechanical properties inherent in
conventional concrete, mainly related to flexibility. The use of concrete could promote the
reduction of scrap tires improperly disposed into the environment.
Keywords: Scrap tires, fiber, rubber, concrete, resistance
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Fencing Blocks Using Recycled Rubble
R. M. Abreu; R. W. Lopes; R. Arzak, A. E. Salvi (UNIP)
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Abstract: The study checks the possibility of making fencing blocks from civil construction rubble and
residues, RDC, the latter in compliance with the classes established by Resolution 307 of the
CONAMA, which are residues of class A, B and C. Two methods of blocks production were prepared: the first one using wooden forms in non
commercial sizes and smaller scales; the second method using forms and industrial equipments
which are currently in use for the production of commercial concrete blocks.
The results showed the viability of making fencing blocks by recycling the rubble.
Keywords: Recycling, rubble, blocks of fence
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Fenton-Like Reactions for Effluent Remediation of Cassava Processing
LEIFELD, V.; ZENI, J. C.; LEON, G. V.; IGARASHI-MAFRA, L. (UFPR)
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Abstract: Manipueira is an effluent derived from processing of cassava flour and starch. Due to its high organic load, attributed to presence of high concentrations of carbohydrates, it causes an environmental impact when untreated. Conventional treatment processes are inefficient and, thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate Fenton and photo-Fenton like reactions for treatment of manipueira, using ferrous ions derived from preliminary coagulation step. Raw effluent was characterized and compared with subsequent results in terms of turbidity, absorbance (A/A0), electrical conductivity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The reactions were evaluated by 3 variations of pH and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, verifying more relevant analytical responses in terms of color and turbidity. At higher pH and peroxide concentration, a decay of 64% was observed in relation to turbidity and 27% in relation to COD. Therefore, the use of iron remaining in preliminary treatment stage shows a great potential for making tertiary treatment more economical and less aggressive to environment, by the reduced production of residual sludge, which reduces polluting potential of the effluent also in terms of solid waste.
Keywords: Agroindustrial Effluent, Advanced Oxidative Process, Tertiary Treatment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Fenton's Reaction by Sulphide Oxidation on Coal Mining Rejects
CIVEIRA, M. S.; LIMA, B. D.; SILVA, L. F. O.; OLIVEIRA, M. L. S.; KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (La Salle Universitary Center)
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Abstract: Fenton’s reaction is used in acceleration weathering test for sulphides associated with Brazilian Coal Mining Residues (CMR), that are vulnerable to oxygen and water during the mining of coal. TEM and SEM/EDX were used to determinate the origin, occurrence and ordering of minerals in remaining coals and other lithological units, before and after applying the test. Oxidation of CMRs was analysed by determination soluble sulphur (sulphate) and dissolved metals by ICP-MS or ICP OES. As dissolved sulphate increases, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu and Co concentrations increase, conducting to undetectable amounts in the remaining solid phases; dissolved Ni and Mn also increase with the mobilized sulphur, but the remainder in the solids is the most relevant fraction; Fe and Pb are not mobilized due to precipitation as jarosite or hematite in the case of Fe or as sulphate in the case of Pb. Agreement between the observed results and the predictions by geochemical modelling is discussed. The accelerated weathering procedure based on Fenton’s Reaction has shown the release of toxic metals from the sulphide fractions associated with coal residues. The use of SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD, ICP-MS and ICP OES analyses were conducted on various samples from the Santa Catarina coal region with the aim of improving the understanding of the mineralogy and geochemistry of CMRs. The measurements were conducted on the original materials as well as on the materials left after applying the accelerated oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly with the theoretical predictions by geochemical modelling, the experimental results demonstrate the effective oxidation of pyrite, as well as the other metal sulphides, by hydrogen peroxide within a short time period complete after 72 h. In terms of relative mobility (% of total metal released during the test), Cu, Co, Cd and Zn appear as metals of high mobility, liberating practically all total content. The released concentration of Ni and Mn increases as sulphate increases but a considerable concentration of both metals remains immobile in the solid phases. The Fe presentes a relatively lower release, because it suffers processes of further immobilization after pyrite oxidation, even at lower pH values, due to secondary mineral precipitation, such as jarosite; this fact considerably limits its mobility. Finally, Pb presents a practically null mobility and it does not represent a risk of potential contamination even in samples with high sulphide concentrations due to the possible formation of insoluble lead sulphate.
Keywords: Fenton’s Reaction, accelerated weathering, coal mining residues, environmental impact
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Financial analysis of electric shower substitution by gas heater: a final user perception
C. C. Silva (UNIP); F. R. M. Marques (BSP-Business School - SP)
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Abstract: Natural gas has gained importance as a multiple-use fuel, and its use as substitute for the electricity used in electric shower is gaining attention. This study aims to use financial methods to obtain indicators which allow a comparison among the most common domiciliary water heating systems as found in the market. The consumer’s view is considered by accounting for all costs related to acquisition and usage of the compared water heater systems.
Keywords: Electrical shower bath, electrical and gas heating
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Firewood Consume Reduction through Cleaner Production: A Red Ceramic Industry Case
A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; E. P. de Almeida; L. R. Porto; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland)
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Abstract: The consumption of firewood by some companies is responsible for the third highest production cost, thus the misuse of this energetic resource may cause many economic and environmental losses. By recognizing this important issue, this work is focused on the energy and mass balances assessment of a tunnel kiln of a red ceramic manufacturer. From the assessment of the main inputs and outputs of the company – ‘green’ (unfired) bricks, fired bricks, firewood, energy and gas -, results show that there are some potentialities in implementing cleaner production practices to allow the company achieves economic and environmental benefits, such as: heat recovering of the chimney, standardization of the heat distribution in the heated zone, and an increase in the air flow from the cooling area to the firing zone.
Keywords: Tunnel kiln, firewood and heat
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Firm’s Sustainable Performance: Proposal of an Evaluation Index for a Chemical Brazilian Company
SCHOLL C. A. (Braskem-SP); HOURNEAUX JUNIOR, F. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: This paper aims to propose a model for building a Composite Index of Sustainable Development - ICDS
(in
Portuguese), from the aggregation of various indicators of economic, environmental and social dimensions, for the
purpose of tracking sustainability-related performance of a particular company. Indicators related to
the topics
considered strategic for one company, after selection, are normalized, weighted and aggregated into three sub-indices to finally be joined and make it possible to generate an overall indicator. The method was applied in
Braskem, a the biggest chemical Brazilian company,
where the composite index was calculated using the
indicators reported by this company in the past four years, according to what is recommended by Global
Reporting
Initiative (GRI). The weighting of indicators was supported by the macro-objectives from company’s vision, and to
strategic indicators higher weights were considered. The results of the application of this model were
considered
satisfactory, because in addition to providing partial numbers for each performance dimension evaluated, it was
shown that the tool showed great flexibility in the
steps of selection, normalization and weighting of
indicators,
making it possible the application in different contexts and companies.
Keywords: SustainabilityiIndicators, sustainability evaluation model, chemical industry, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
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Flexible PVC, Plasticizers and New Trends
MANCINI, S. D.; MATTOS, B. B.; PINTO, L. M. H.; SILVA, G. B. (UNESB); RODOLFO JUNIOR, A. (Brasken)
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Abstract: In 2011, the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) consumption in Brazil was more than double than the total of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), reaching more than 1.16 million tons. From this, almost 38% were employed in flexible application such as packaging (films, mainly), laminates (e.g. floorings), wire, cables and hoses. In this application, it is common the use of plasticizers, chemical components that stay between polymeric chains, decreasing the attraction between them by diminishing the strength of the secondary bonds that, and consequently, decreases the material resistance to deformation. The objective of this paper was to present the national and international trends related to the replacement of plasticizers employed in flexible PVC, mainly the most consumed of them, the dicotylphthalte (DOP). This plasticizer, despite the excellent cost/performance ratio, presents restrictions related to its use in some applications (for instance, packaging, toys and school supplies), due to the possibility of contaminating the products in which they are employed. Outside Brazil, one of the most common options is dioctylterephthalate, that can be produced from chemical recycling of PET bottles and does not present any restrictions.
Keywords: PVC, PET, DOP, DOTP, plasticizer
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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From Modern Thermodynamics to How Nature Works – a View of Emergent Paradigms Associated with Sustainability
E. Bittencourt (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: The importance of the second law of thermodynamics, already called the most metaphysical of
all laws of nature, as key to understand the questions of ecology and sustainability is discussed,
as well as the a fast paced conceptual evolution that gained momentum in the last 50 years,
changing our view of Nature. Classical thermodynamics, is associated with the tendency to
disorganization, while nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics, introduces the concept of
emerging ordered dissipative structures, a necessary tool to deal with the nature of living
beings and its social, economic and ecological aggregates. Most introductory texts in
thermodynamics are limited in scope , restricting the expositions to the study of equilibrium
systems- meaning the study of idealized, infinitely slow process, hardly a situation encountered
by the professional life, and far away from how nature works, as an coherent and complex
aggregate of dissipative processes. Dissipative structures are living (i.e. amoeba and humans),
and non-living (i.e. tornadoes, hurricanes, the gulfstream), or composed by non-living and
living, like economies, factories, social structures. The author’s teaching experience gives
evidence that undergraduate students are ill prepared for the discovery and fascination of how
nature works, and consequently striving for sustainability. Systems of major interest to the issue
of sustainability are open, coherent, purposive, and irreversible. Irreversible thermodynamics is
presented as an element for the understanding and unification of a wide range of disciplines
needed by the student, but still subjected to a fragmentation of a somewhat bureaucratic
nature. This integration benefited from the enormous development of computers, and its use in
the study, as an example, of nonlinear dynamics system with wide applications in various fields
including engineering, biology, ecology, economics, and sociology.
Keywords: Thermodynamics, open systems, non-linear dynamics, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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From the Amazon’s Traditional Knowledge to Innovation: An Study of SME Natural Medicines Producers in Manaus
BOTELHO, L. (IFAM/Erasmus University); PUGA, S. M. F. (IFAM) CAMPOS, I. (UFPA); CHAVES, F. C. M. (EMBRAPA)
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Abstract: Using the approach of Local Productive Arrangement we did a case study on innovation in Manaus (Amazonas/Brazil) with the goal of researching Micro and Small Companies which, together with local research and fostering institutions, make up an agglomerate which produces cosmetics and medicines based on indigenous knowledge and natural prime materials from the Amazon. Considering the neo-schunpeterian methodology, we found that there are product and process innovations, and at the same time we find characteristics of an underdeveloped economy. In spite of the difficulties we show that it is possible to innovate in regions on the periphery of global capitalism, such as the Amazon. There is a need for more robust institutions to increase feasibility of cooperation based on mutual trust. We conclude that to intensify the innovation processes in the value chains we need greater local content and not only prime materials, thus including specialized services and products and capital assets. Notwithstanding, even recognizing recent conquests, we finalize this Project also mentioning huge barriers in the regulatory apparatus (legislation) that need to be overcome.
Keywords: Micro and Small Companies, Amazon, Traditional Knowledge, Innovation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Fiscal Stimulus to the Green Economy. A case Study about a Tax Incentive for PET Recycling
DENNY, D. M. T. (USP/Pinheiro Pedro Lawyers); PEDRO, A. F. P.; MEKHITARIAN, K. C.; SILVA, E. M.; FIORINI, K.; LIBARDI, I.; ONOHARA, A.; MEDICI, F. (Pinheiro Pedro Lawyers)
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Abstract: This paper discusses the importance of Brazil for the implementation of the Green Economy, the role of laws
inducing sustainable development and the role of taxation to promote socially and environmentally responsible
development. Consider the specific case of positive results obtained mainly in São Paulo, Brazil, with the taxwaiver of 60% of the tax ‘imposto sobre a circulação de mercadorias e serviços’- ICMS, done by the National Tax Policy
Committee. The agreement 08/03, which was consolidated by tax waives encouraged the collection of PET
packaging, created jobs, protected the environment and stimulated recycling.
Keywords: Development, Environment, Taxation, PET Packaging
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Fuzzy Logic Controller of Voltage for a Permanent Magnet Wind Generator
PARDO GARCIA; A.; CAZES ORTEGA, R.; DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, J. L. (Universidade de Pamplona - Colombia); FANDIÑO PELAYO, J. (Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo - Colombia)
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Abstract: In this article, a diffuse voltage controller is designed to perform the battery charge control, increasing the useful life of the battery, ensuring that the voltage of the three-phase permanent magnet wind generator (PMWG)-rectifier system is improved. The use of clean energies has become more common in our environment due to the low contamination that these systems present, such as wind generation systems. The design and simulation of a controller is done through the fuzzy tool box of the Matlab, a controller in fuzzy logic for a permanent magnets wind generator. With the simulation we can observe the behavior of the controller at different disturbance signals.
Keywords: Clean energy, fuzzy logic, PM wind generator, wind energy.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Gas Mitigation Strategies Greenhouse In Brazilian Livestock
SANTOS, K. A. (UFGD), TEDESCO, B. (UFGD/IFRS), RUVIARO, C. F. (UFGD)
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Abstract: Efficient practices for reducing emissions has a direct link between the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions and the efficiency with which producers use natural resources. Possible interventions to reduce emissions are largely based on technologies and practices that improve production efficiency levels in animals and herd. They include the use of a better quality and power balancing to reduce breakthrough emissions. Breeding improvement and animal health helps reduce flock overhead and related emissions. Management practices of waste to ensure the recovery and recycling of nutrients and energy contained in manure and improvements in efficiency of energy use over supply chains can further contribute to the mitigation.
Keywords: Mitigation, greenhouse gases, livestock
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Geochemical of Volcanic Rock Powder Sample from Serra Geral Formation: An Important Remineralizer
DALMORA, A. C., RAMOS, C. G., SILVA, L. F. O.; KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (La Salle Universitary Center)
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Abstract: Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of volcanic rock residue, from a crushing plant in the Nova Prata Mining District, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in this work named rock powder, were investigated in view to define its potential application as soil amendment in agriculture. About 52,400 m3 of mining waste are generated annually in the city of Nova Prata without a proper disposal. The nutrients potentially available to plants were evaluated through leaching laboratory tests.Nutrient leaching tests were performed in Milli-Q water; citric acid solution 1% and 2% (AC); and oxalic acid solution 1% and 5% (AO). The bulk and leachable contents of 57 elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Mining waste was made up by CaO, K2O, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and P2O5. The analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the major occurrence of quartz, Ca-plagioclase, cristobalite, sanidine, and augite. The water leachable concentrations of all elements studied were lower than 1.0 mg/kg, indicating their low solubility. Leaching tests in acidic media yield larger leachable fractions for all elements being studied are in the leachate of the AO 1%. These data demonstrates that volcanic rock powder is a potential natural fertilizer for agriculture in the Mining District of the Nova Prata, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Keywords: Mining waste, volcanic rock, particle characterization, leaching of nutrient, nutrient availability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Geospatial assessment of the wind energy for an onshore project in the Caribbean region of Colombia -
PABÓN HERNÁNDEZ S. M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: Colombia is setting a national renewable energy target providing a clear indication of the level of renewable energy development and the timeline envisioned by 2020 with almost the 7% of the energy production excluding large hydropower plants shall be generated from renewable energies. In Colombia the wind potential is outstanding, the Northern Caribbean region of the country alone has almost 20.000 MW of capacity (Huertas L., 2007) but the real wind energy potential of all Colombia´s regions has to be defined, for this reason, this study is a useful start to generate research findings to uncover suitable sites for developing wind energy. This study provides a more precise and differentiated assessment for an onshore wind energy farm in the Northern Caribbean region of Colombia selecting study areas of three Colombian’s departments (Atlantic, Magdalena and La Guajira). Likewise, wind energy potential assessment integrates socio-political, environmental and techno-economic criterion in a geographic information system (GIS) combining with a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) with its analytical hierarchy process approach. The purpose to find potential sites for build wind farms combining geographic information systems (GIS) and multi criteria decision making (MCDM) with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach.Since onshore wind energy siting is inherently multifaceted, an approach capable of evaluating several criteria simultaneously must be used. Geographic information system(GIS) have the ability to assimilate, analyse, and visualise multiple spatial data sets that pertain to the different factors used for site selection, but GIS is limited in its capacity to assign values to these factors. Thus, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) must be generated since this approach has been shown to be an effective technique for assigning values to different criteria, and it is compatible with the functionality of GIS. Generating three models, the restriction model, which will indicate the areas excluded to develop wind farms, the rated model performing an evaluation of the different criteria used to develop a wind farm. The result of these models can be easily displayed on the web to provide free, quick access for those interested in onshore wind energy siting, and increasing access to this type of information has been shown to enhance public participation in the siting process, Following the result of the suitability model, 3.1% of the total study area is characterized by very high suitability (value score 5), 37.73% by high suitability (value score 4), 2% medium suitability (value score 3), low suitability (value score 2), and the rest 55.24% is excluded area (value score 0). Based on these findings, there is sufficient space available for developing a wind farm in the north Caribbean region, especially in the selected study area. This study can have an extraordinary impact on the public through the production of interactive web-based maps, promoting wind energy planners and renewable energies students to develop wind farms with different constraint and criteria.
Keywords: Affordable and clean energy, climate action, onshore wind farm, wind potential, geographic information system (GIS), multiple criteria decisions, MCDM, analytical hierarchy process (AHP).
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Global and Local Environmental Issues in Brazilian Semiarid, a Study Sertão of Moxotó
EL-DEIR, S. G.; PINHEIRO, S. M. G.; SANTOS, L. A.; MELO, M. B. C.; LOPES, I. (UFRPE)
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Abstract: Global environmental problems and local shape in daily challenges to the adaptation potential of people, by changes in their modus operandi and the advance of technology focused on possible solutions. However, to do so, there´s an initial need, realize and understand these changes. Among the identified areas that suffer greater consequences fruit climate change, we highlight the Brazilian semiarid region, which is to have lower rainfall and higher concentration of rainfall, which will set a worsening water security problems, food and nutrition present in the region. This article studies the environmental perception in the semiarid through a time series from 2009 to 2013, also seeking to understand the impact of university extension activities.
Keywords: Environmental perception, Climate change, Social empowerment, Environmental management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Global Efficiency of the Brazilian Soybean Transportation for Exportation: Road Versus Railroad Systems
RICHARD SILVA, T. (UNIP/FATEC); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The efficient flow of Brazilian agricultural and industrial production to the exporting ports is considered as fundamental to guarantee quality and competitiveness to Brazilian products. Currently, the road system comprises 61% of the Brazilian transport matrix, followed by rail 21% and waterway 18%. Strategic plans by the government point to subsidizing the growth of the railway modality to reach 35% of the transport matrix, but generally these decisions are based exclusively on economic indicators. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the emergy (written with "m") global efficiency of the road and rail modes in Brazil. Due to its importance in the Brazilian gross domestic product, the soybean commodity is considered as a case study (year 2014/2015), and the boundaries of the evaluated system includes its production at Mato Grosso State to the Port of Santos city. Results indicate an emergy demand for the road system of 6.25E5 sej/ton.km, while the rail system demands 73.9E5 sej/ton.km. These values represent an emergy global efficiency of approximately 12 times higher for the road system, being, therefore, the modal that should be promoted from an emergy perspective. Anyhow, it is recognized the need in considering other aspects as economic, social, logistics, etc., to subsidize a better informed decision.
Keywords: Emergy accounting, Santos port, Soybean, Road transport, Railroad transport
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Global Productivity and Ecoefficiency on Sustainable Performance of Agroindustrial Chains
PREVEZ, L.; BONILLA, S. H.; GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two green coffee supply chains for export. Results show that there is a compromise between the efficient of direct and indirect use of fossil fuels included in the whole process and reflected in the global Eco efficiency index, developed during this work, and the global productivity that accounts for the total services of biosphere. The combination of both indices seems promissory as a tool to assess economic, social and environmental performance of agro-industrial supply chains.
Keywords: Global Productivity, Global Eco-efficiency, supply chain, coffee
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Global Reporting Initiative's Sustainability Report: What Does It Really Indicates?
AMARAL, P.L.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
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Abstract: The growing number of stakeholders that consider aspects of sustainability in their decisions requires larger amount and quality of information. In this sense, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) proposed a standard to disclose sustainability aspects of companies, named sustainability report. The use of GRI standards by companies has been growing worldwide and it is considered a step forward in the search for sustainability. Companies that disclose sustainability aspects based on the GRI standards are being labeled as sustainable, and generally they achieve benefits compared to those ones that do not belong to GRI. Although considered a positive approach towards companies sustainability, the GRI does not has a metric or scientific approach in calculating quantitative sustainability indicators, which raises doubts about the sustainability degree for those GRI companies. This work evaluates comparatively the performance of companies that belong to the GRI with the sustainability indicator based on the input-output thermodynamic analysis (YLR). One representative company from the 33 economic sectors was considered as case study. Surveys were applied to experts in sustainability, and the content analysis method was used to quantify the existing information in the GRI reports. Results show a non-correlation between GRI G4 and YLR, because the Pearson and Spearman coefficients obtained were -0.167 and 0.193 respectively; this indicates a non-linear correlation and non-similar classification between GRI G4 and YLR. The obtained results highlights that GRI companies are not, mandatorily, synonyms of sustainable companies. Sustainability reports as the one supported by GRI are important alternatives and should be promoted, but the GRI developers could demand for quantitative aspects into the reports, mainly those aspects related to resource usage and waste generation by companies.
Keywords: GRI, Sustainability, Sustainability Report, TIOA.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Glycerol: An Innovative Energy Source From Biodiesel Production
B. R. L. Gonçalves; L. Perez; A. C. D. Ângelo (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The world concern on applying public policies focused mainly on environmental-friendly energy
production is observed in a great deal nowadays. In this viewpoint biofuels assume an
outstanding position since they present a large number of benefits and advantages when
compared to the fossil ones. Among those benefits it is possible to point out the reducing
emanation of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect, possibility of carry out regional, social
and agricultural development and both in a sustainable way. Biodiesel is an example of biofuel
that has been carried a great deal of effort to become applicable in the productive net. This fuel
is obtained from biological and, consequently, renewable sources as vegetable oils and animal
fat, and it presents a strong biodegradable characteristic. No less important, biodiesel produces
a low amount of pollutant gases from its oxidation process and it can replace with advantages
several fossil derivative compounds. Biodiesel is obtained from the transesterification reaction
of distinct kind of oils that, under the action of a catalyst, chemically react with an alcohol
(usually methanol or ethanol) producing esters (biodiesel) and glycerol as sub-product. Brazil
has assumed a remarkable position in the world energy scenario with the biodiesel production
and policy of use in its fleet oh heavy duty vehicles. As a consequence of this policy
(PROBIODIESEL) is it planned for the next decades a gradual addition of the biodiesel to regular
diesel (up to 20% rich biodiesel fuel in 15 years). It can be easily predicted a real problem
concerning the use of the waste glycerol from this growing demand of biodiesel. As a matter of
fact, for each ton of produced biodiesel it is parallelly obtained 100kg of waste glycerol that can
become an adverse result to the biodiesel economy. This paper proposes the use of waste
glycerol from biodiesel production as a fuel in fuel cells. This highly promising proposal
corresponds to the oxidation of this alcohol in a Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell. The reaction can
potentially produce three times more energy than methanol under the same experimental
conditions, with the additional advantages of non-flammability and non-volatility characteristics.
In conclusion, the paper will discuss the state-of-the-art of this technology in the light of the
future Brazilian bio-energy scenario.
Keywords: Biofuel, biodiesel, glycerol, fuel cell
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Green Analysis of Steroids for Clinical Purposes: The Use Of Ethanol as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Solid-Phase Extraction
CARDOZO, K. H. M.; NAKAMURA, O.; ERNESTO, V. A. R. T.; CAVASSIN, E. D.; GONÇALVES, A. S. E. (Fleury Group); GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP); CARVALHO, V. M. (Fleury Group)
|
Abstract: The paper describes the use of a “green” automated
on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid
chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for the analysis of androstenedione and
testosterone in human serum. The on-line SPE was performed using aqueous ethanol for cleanup and analyte
extraction instead of aqueous acetonitrile. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, a range of samples
were extracted using aqueous ethanol and the result
s were compared with the traditional method with acetonitrile.
Results showed good agreement between extraction, however, on-line SPE with ethanol provides more
environmentally friendly alternative by reducing hazardous waste and potential environmental pollution. Ethanol
has better EHS (environmental, health and safety) properties than acetonitrile, such biodegradability
and it is
considered to be a “bio-solvent”, i.e. produced with renewable resources (by fermentation processes). Therefore,
its manipulation is less harmful for analysts. The
strategy showed to be possible allied efficiency, safety and high
quality with cleaner production practices.
Keywords: Cleaner production, ethanol, steroids, green solid-phase extraction, LC-MS/MS
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Green Issues in the Supply Chain Management Training
TRAMARICO, C. L.; SALOMON, V. A. P.; MARINS, F. A. S. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Green Supply Chain Management is an important issue for organizations that spend significant yearly investments on personnel training. Although these investments present positive effects, the manner to assess the effectiveness of training is unclear. A research that carries out multi-criteria training assessment for Green Supply Chain Management through the process and presentation of the model based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model is hereby depicted. Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied in the solution considering Plan, Source, Make and Deliver as criteria, and individual and organizational benefits are identified alternatives in a chemical industry. The modelling considered pairwise judgments for criteria and ratings or absolute measure for alternatives. The main result of the analysis revealed that training essentially contributes to the organization, resulting in the perception of 88% for organizational benefits, and 78% for individual benefits. This result was presented to managers of the company, and they validated it as consistent and applicable in practice.
Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process, Green Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Management, Training
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Green Manufacturing Process of Vanadium Pentoxide Via Ammonium Leaching of Vanadium Slag
ZHANG H. L.; XU H. B.; DONG Y. M.; PEI L. L.; TIAN Y.; ZHU G. J. (CRAES, China); LIU Y. Y. (CRAES/Hebei University of Science and Technology, China); YU, K. P. (CRAES/Fuzhou University, China); ZHANG Y. (CRAES, China)
|
Abstract: As the major resources for vanadium extraction, vanadium slag is typically obtained from the oxygen blowing of the molten pig iron during steelmaking process using titanomagnetite ores. At present, sodium salt roasting is the most commonly used process for extracting vanadium from vanadium slag. Unfortunately, serious environmental problems are created through discharging sodium sulfate waste residue, ammonium-nitrogen waste water, and caustic gases from the roasting process. Besides, the overall vanadium recovery is no higher than 85%. A green process has been developed at the laboratory scale for the extraction of vanadium and the manufacturing of vanadium pentoxide from vanadium slag. The process involves the following steps: (1) the selective oxidization of vanadium by roasting the vanadium slag in oxidative atmosphere; (2) the extraction of vanadium from the roasted slag by ammonium leaching; (3) the separation of the leach liquor from the extracted vanadium residue; (4) the cooling crystallization of ammonium metavanadate from the liquor; (5) the manufacturing of vanadium pentoxide by calcination of the ammonium metavanadate; and (6) the recovery of ammonium salt solution. In comparison with the sodium salt roasting technology, the new process is environmentally friendly and cost efficient. The ammonia gas was absorbed and recycled as ammonium salt solution by carbonation. The crystallization mother solution and the washing water could be recycled in the leaching step. Therefore, the low value-added sodium sulfate waste residue and ammonium-nitrogen waste water can be eliminated. Besides, as chromium in the roasted slag was remained trivalent attributed to the selective oxidization, only vanadium could be extracted out in the ammonium leaching step. Consequently, the puzzling problem for separating chromium and vanadium was settled, and the reduced vanadium-chromium precipitate in the sodium salt roasting process was eliminated. Moreover, the extracted vanadium residue obtained in this process, with a relatively low sodium content, was mainly comprised of chromic oxide and iron oxide and can be utilized economically via recycling in the blast furnace or manufacturing chromium-iron alloy. The overall vanadium recovery could reach 95% or higher. The purity of the vanadium pentoxide product was even higher than 99.5%.
Keywords: Vanadium slag, leaching, ammonium, ammonium metavanadate, vanadium pentoxide
[Abstract]
|
Green Seal and Cleaner Production for the Furniture Sector: A Theoretical Discussion
SILVA, C. (UFBA/IFAL); CÉSAR, S. F. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: The furniture companies start to adopt a new approach incorporating the environmental variable in their strategic decisions as a way to gain competitive advantage in the market. Thus, the pursuit of sustainability shall constitute a new market opportunity. Obtaining a Green Seal has been one of the ways that companies found to present themselves as green companies. In Brazil, the furniture sector is at a more advanced stage due to be a sector with export profile and have to meet the new requirements of international trade. This work aims to discuss the prospects of the adoption of green seal for the furniture sector based on Cleaner Production methodology as a way to adapt and obtain green label. The theoretical discussion presented in this paper will serve as a basis for the research project of the Industrial Engineering Program at Federal University of Bahia - PEI / UFBA with the Clean Technology Network - TECLIM aiming to get the Doctor's degree in Industrial Engineering from one of the authors.
Keywords: Green Seal, cleaner production, furniture sector
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Green Supply Chain Management: A Study on Criteria Selection and Collaboration with Suppliers
AGUIAR, J. A. (IFRN); PIMENTA, C. D. (IFRN/Cranfield University-UK); BALL, P. D. (Cranfield University-UK)
|
Abstract: The aim of the work presented is to
understand
the green supply management practices in terms of criteria
selection of suppliers and partnership to improve environmental
stance of suppliers
adopted by a textile industry
responsible for yarn manufacturing, located in Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). Therefore, it was analyzed the
company's behavior with the suppliers regarding the adoption of sustainable supply chain management practices.
A questionnaire whose analysis criteria were selected from literature was applied with key individuals of the
company.Regarding the practice of environmental management in the supply chain, it was found that the company
worked
with its suppliers through collaborative approach. Direct involvement activities
justified
this positioning of
the company, since it promotes training activities to improve the environmental performance of its partners, and
collaborates in the development of the initial suppliers’ weaknesses and works with them to develop products.
Again, the company uses the environmental variable in a competitive way, including its suppliers in its strategic
environmental approach.
Keywords: Green supply chain management, selection criteria, collaboration, suppliers
|
Greenhouse Gas Inventory of the State of Sonora, México
ZEPEDA, D. S.; MUNGUIA, N.E.; SANCHEZ, B. C.; MACHADO, C. L.; ESQUER, J.; VELAZQUEZ, L.E. (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: In the last decades, as part of the urgency of solving environmental problems, several agreements have been generated regarding the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) (Diamantoudi and Sartezetakis, 2006). The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC for its acronym in English) seek the stabilization of GHG emissions with respect to the preindustrial era (Duarte, 2006). The Paris Agreement in 2015 established GHG reduction targets for developed countries and committed them to financially support developing countries (Martínez, 2017). However, the commitments of the nations involved in taking strategic measures to reduce the generation of GHG are still insufficient to minimize climate change (La Jornada, 2017). The main objective of this work is to show the results and experiences obtained during the creation of an inventory of greenhouse gases for the State of Sonora, Mexico and expose the limitations in the generation of this type of inventories.
Keywords: Greenhouse Gases Inventories, Climate Change.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
GRI – Global Reporting Initiative: Viable Tool for Small Companies Competitive Profit
J. L. S. Alves (UFPE), F. O. Lima (Évora University-Portugal), D. D. de Medeiros (UFPE)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to show a possibility of GRI – Global Reporting Initiative
implantation. At first, it´s presented a literature review about environment to
discuss some important questions and reports GRI models as a valuable way to add
SME competitive value. A case study was done with a SME hotel to identify
differences with sustainable practices, according GRI. The results indicate a waste
reduction, function and market image improvements through cleaner production
practices. Furthermore, production patterns changes didn't add costs. On the other
hand, environment and socioeconomic gains were perceived, which contributes to a
sustainable achievement. It was observed that the adoption of reports of support of
the GRI viable must its simplicity of implementation, such reports yearn for to
describe the economic, ambient and social impacts, triple bottom line, beyond
allowing to measure the actions of the company.
Keywords: Sustainable reporting, GRI, competitiveness, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Growth of Basil from Inoculated Organic Household Solid Refuse
LEDESMA, A.; CABANILLAS, C.; STOBBIA, D.; VIERA, B.; TABLADA, M. (National University of Córdoba-Argentina)
|
Abstract: One of the main environmental issues in Córdoba (Argentina) is the large volume of urban solid refuse produced
that pollutes soil, surface and groundwater streams, and affects flora and fauna. From this problem, a need of a
sustainable strategy arises, such as biodegradation
of organic household solid refuse using microorganisms, and
its reuse as amendment in aromatic plants production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect
of organic
household solid refuse biodegraded by aerobic microorganisms inoculation in the growth of basil
Ocimum basilicum
L. var. Genovese. 1.7 kg of waste of vegetables and fruits were inoculated and after twelve days of microcomposting process microcompost was obtained which dried at room temperature weighed 0.249 kg.
Different quantities of the amendment thus produced
were applied to an entic haplustoll soil, and the
effect on
basil plants was studied. Significant differences were found in plant height
both the time elapsed since the
emergency as
using the substrate T5 with highest amendment application respect to the other treatments. This
substrate has higher content of organic matter, N,
P, K+
and
Ca2++Mg2+. An advancement of reproductive stages
was observed in treatments T3, T4 and T5 with higher amendment dose. These substrates have higher content of
organic matter, N, P and K+. Thus, a sustainable strategy was achieved, consisting in the reduction of organic
household solid refuse and its reuse as amendment in growing basil var. Genovese.
Keywords: Organic household solid refuse, basil organic production, microcompost, inoculation
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Health Impact Assessment in Southern Brazilian EIAs: Too Far Away from Recommended Practices
C. V. Viegas (UFRGS), A. Bond (University of East Anglia-UK), A. M. F. Danilevicz, J. L. D. Ribeiro (UFRGS), P. M. Selig (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Health impact assessment practice, although listed as mandatory under Brazilian legislation
on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), is still in its infancy mainly because it lacks the
support of detailed tools that can enable it as a systematic process. In this paper, we
investigate how far away health assessment stands from best practice, taking two
departures points. The first one is a theoretical basis for advised practices in HIA that we
propose from a literature review and compilation. This comprises 25 requirements for
analysis, divided in three categories: theoretical lines of argumentation (biomedical/risk,
promotion, and social/political features), broad measurability (which includes impacts
magnitude and mitigation), and detailed measurability (going deep into biological,
behavioral, circumstantial, environmental and institutional aspects). The second one is a set
of six EIAs documents delivered by practitioners in Southern Brazil, that we take as a case
study in order to assess their performance in relation to the international best practices
outlined. EIAs selected are two from landfills, performed in 1992 and in 2006 by the same
consulting firm; two from Small Hydropower Facilities (SHF), finalized in 1997 and in 2005,
both by the same consulting firms; and two from a road (2004) and from an industrial plant
(2007) projects, each one carried out by different consulting firms. Descriptive results are
divided into three: a requirements’ conformity analysis; a gap analysis, in which we assess
the level of full, partial and non-completion of requirements; and a peer analysis, in which
we compare, respectively two landfills and two SHF EIAs between each other, in order to
highlight differences in health assessment in EIAs performed by the same consulting firms.
With respect to theoretical lines of argumentation, we find that: biomedical risks are
common but not considered in detail in all EIAs; epidemiological and toxicological models are
rarely used; cause-effect relationships for environmental-health issues are only partially
described; quantification is poor, but not so much in more recent documents; health
promotion is not targeted by practitioners, and collective health is of more concern in EIA’s
landfill projects; regarding social aspects, they are partially considered in just two
documents. Concerning broad measurability aspects, EIAs performed before 2000 have
neither magnitude description nor investigation parameters, and wellbeing indicators are
absent in all documents. With respect to detailed measurability, we highlight that health data
are not accurate and/or reliable in all cases; biological issues are disregarded, as well as
equity issues, which implies that there is no understanding of how the same impacts can
affect different profiles of people.
Keywords: Health impact assessment, environmental impact assessment, social impact assessment,
best practice, evaluation
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Hospital Enviornmental Performance Measurement: A Biliometric Review of Literature (1987-2017)
PASQUALINI BLASS, A. (PUC-PR/UNIDAVI); GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR); BORGES, L. A. (UNIDAVI)
|
Abstract: New environmental regulations and ongoing pressures on cutting costs and improving quality have forced hospitals to improve the performance of their operations, especially in developing countries. Healthcare deals with a significant amount of hazardous and non-hazardous materials and produce polluting outputs. Frameworks that directly address the measurement of environmental performance are regarded as paramount. The present study represents a bibliometric review of the literature on the topic ‘hospital environmental performance measurement’ during the period 1987-2017, i.e, since the publication of the Brundtland Report. A set of 10 papers was regarded as relevant to the study. A certain prevalence of studies placed in high-income countries was found, but a growing focus on the specific context of developing countries was also identified. The content analysis revealed that the proposal and testing of frameworks for the measurement of environmental performance in hospitals are still needed.
Keywords: Environmental performance. Measurement. Hospitals. Bibliometric review.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
How Can Green Supply Chain Management Contribute to the Product Development Process?
UEMURA RECHE, A. Y. (UTFPR/SENAI) CANCIGLIERI JUNIOR, O.; ESTORILIO, C. C. A.; RUDEK, M. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The product development process has phases as concept, research, analysis, develop and launch. The supply chain management needs integration with suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. The goal of this study is to link two topics, product development process, and Supply chain management, aiming to understand how this concept join can become more sustainable. To search this answer, it is analyzed the main bibliography references about "product development process" and "green supply chain management". For the literature review development, it was searched at Capes Periodical/MEC, for the concepts of product development process, supply chain, and green supply chain management. The year of publication was not limited, aiming to understand the evolution of all materials already published. The first section is about market demands, laws, regulations and green products. In the second section is discussed green supply chain management and product development process. The second section considers supply chain tiers, like supplier, manufacturer, and customers, all connected with product development process. As results, it was checked that green supply chain management and product development process does not have a consensus, being treated with a broad approach; there is no specific model that orients the companies to develop a product oriented to green supply chain management.
Keywords: Green supply chain management, green products, product development process.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means Model for Solar Energy Facilities Clustering on American Contaminated Sites
FRANCO, D. G. B.; STEINER, M. T. A.(PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: The present article used a hybrid fuzzy c-means model to cluster and define suitable locations, in terms of mapped area, distance to transmission lines and daily solar incidence, for solar energy capture facilities in the continental United States. The data used came from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB), a collection of hourly measurements of solar radiation and meteorological data, and the RE-Powering America's Land project of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), whose purpose is to identify abandoned and contaminated areas that are ideal for renewable energy projects. Initially, data preprocessing was performed for substitution of missing data, normalization and principal component analysis (PCA). Then, the proposed hybrid clustering algorithm was applied. It is a fuzzy c-means model initialized by metaheuristics, namely genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The number of clusters was validated by three metrics: Calinski-Harabasz Index, Davies-Bouldin Index and Silhouette Coefficient. The three tests were unanimous, indicating two clusters as the ideal number, that is, a cluster for locations with potential for allocation of solar energy capture facilities and another for sites with no potential. As a result of the proposed hybrid approach, there was an increase in the training speed of the fuzzy c-means algorithm, which required a smaller number of iterations to reach the same objective function value. Visually, we can see the predominance of the allocation of the facilities in states with a higher average incidence of solar radiation, which is therefore the predominant factor in the convergence of the algorithm, which is in line with what was expected. Finally, the environmental-economic-social gains are considered with the revitalization of unproductive and contaminated land for the implantation of solar plants.
Keywords: Clustering, Fuzzy c-means, Metaheuristics, Solar energy, Soil reuse
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Identification of Cleaner Production Opportunities in a Plastic Recycling Cooperative
SANTOS, F. F.; PAIVA, J. M. F.; MORIS, V. A. S. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: Recycling is considered an important strategy to meet the challenge of waste generation and to develop more sustainable practices. The recycling chain in Brazil is considered complex because it involves multiple actors, among them, it is possible to highlight the performance of the scavengers as fundamental agents in the viabilization of recycling. However, the scavengers are not always recognized, they are the ones that benefit least in the chain and they face several difficulties. In the quest to overcome difficulties and obtain a better position in the chain, the collectors have organized themselves in cooperatives, networks and recycling centers of materials. From the environmental point of view, recycling processes, especially of post-consumer plastics, can also have an impact on the environment, if management is not established from the collection until the final disposal of the same. Thus, it is important to adopt environmental management tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), for example, that result in benefits to the environment, society and organizations. The objective of this study was to identify opportunities for improvement in the plastic recycling process in a cooperative in Sorocaba - SP, through the use of the CP tool. A literature review and technical visits were carried out in a cooperative that performs the recycling process of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), transforming them into flakes and / or pellets. It was sought to obtain general characterization information and the environmental aspects of the recycling process, in order to suggest improvements to the process and to identify the main barriers of CP in the cooperative. The study revealed that the recycling process of the cooperative is passive to generate several environmental impacts, mainly due to the absence of standardization of the raw material and the high consumption of water in the washing stage and consequent generation of effluents, which in turn is not treated. 25 improvement opportunities were identified, focusing mainly on level 1 of housekeeping. There were several CP barriers in the cooperative, especially those related to financial issues and lack of government support. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these barriers to an effective implementation of the CP and obtain the consequent economic, environmental and social benefits.
Keywords: Environmental management, Cleaner Production, Recycling, Cooperative. Plastics
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Identification of Opportunities for Cleaner Production in Plastic Covers Alagoas Industry
SILVA, C.; SOUSA, S.; RAPOSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA); KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: In Brazil, in 2012, the industry of plastic processing comprised 11,690 companies and employed 348,000 direct workers. In this important sector, it’s important understand the productive process and ally it to a purpose that hold a realistic view of sustainability. In this sense, the present work is a study of case that aims to assess the opportunities in improvement of productive process into a plastic industry located in the state of Alagoas – Brazil. This company is specialized in manufacturing of plastic caps. The data were collected through direct nonparticipant observation to the production line; together with unstructured interview with the operator of the process. The concepts of “cleaner production” and eco-efficiency” were used like base to construct the analysis. These concepts were employed in the present study because they promote the idea of generate mutual benefits to the both sides (industry and environment). The findings indicated that the investigated company potential to increase its operational efficiency and also reduce its costs. The production process had been evaluated and it was constructed some purposes to improve the operational efficiency, costs optimization and reduction of wastes. This study indicates that the evaluation developed in this work can be replicated to other companies with similar characteristics to the company in this study, even in different sectors. For future works this study indicates the analysis of the costs of waste reuse generated by this industry, especially the “galhas”; the comparison between investments in the redesign of machines used by this sector and the increase on productivity and operational efficiency of this industry; and the repair of defective products generated.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, cleaner production, production of plastic caps
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Immobilization Study of Toxic Elements Present in Coal Ash through the Treatment with Immobilizing Agents
CAMPELLO, F. A.; IZIDORO, J. C.; GHILEN, S. N.; FUNGARO, D. D. (IPEN)
|
Abstract: The capacyity to immobilize toxic elements present in coal ashes using organosilane (OS) and surfactant (SF) as immobilizing agents was determined by batch experiments. The coal ashes used in the study was collected at the Figueira Thermal Power Plant, located in the city of Figueira, State of Paraná. Firstly, the influence of ash mass/water volume ratio on the concentration of the elements in the leachates was evaluated. Subsequently, the capacities of immobilization of toxic elements using the different immobilizing agentes, pH and conductivity of the leachates were determined. A significant reduction in the concentration of the elements was observed for all leachate samples obtained from the ashes treated with OS. Concentration reductions using OS were 89%, 77%, 42% and 11% for Cr, Mo, As and Se, respectively. When SF was used to the ashes treatment, the concentration reduction in the leachates was above 60% for all elements. These results show that both the organosilane and the surfactant can be used as immobilizing agents for the retention of toxic elements present in coal ashes.
Keywords: coal ashes, metal immobilizing agents, organosilane, surfactant
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Implementing Sustainability Strategies in Emerging Economies: Challenges and Opportunities for Supply Chain Management
SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Winnipeg-Canada)
|
Abstract: Although research on sustainable supply chain has made many valuable contributions, there is a dearth
of
empirical evidence and theoretical reflection on sustainability strategies adopted by supply chains operating in
emerging economies. Consequently, the literature still lacks a framework that incorporates the context
and
dynamics encountered in such settings. The aim of this paper is to help to fill this gap by exploring
a successful
case of a focal company that was able to deal with
the challenges and exploit the opportunities associated with
such contexts towards the incorporation of cleaner
production innovations and sustainability strategies into supply
chains. Drawing from capability accumulation, innovation and sustainability literatures, this paper develops a
theoretical framework that provides a more fine-grained understanding of the dynamics, challenges and
opportunities associated with the incorporation and
management of sustainability within supply chains
in emerging
economies. This research employs case study method
in the oil and gas supply chain in Brazil based on
52
interviews with key informants between 2004 and 2012. Our findings suggest that incorporating cleaner
production innovations and sustainability strategies into supply chains in emerging economies presents
additional
barriers and higher levels of uncertainty when compared to supply chainsoperating elsewhere. This research
contributes to the literature by identifying and discussing those salient barriers and arguing that inemerging
economies, due to unique institutional idiosyncrasies, focal companies play an even more important role to
endorse cleaner production innovations and promote
sustainability strategies than in other countries. Also, it
contributes to the research by asserting that sustainable supply chains can only be successfully pursued and
implemented through innovation, which is a critical
driver for supply chain enhanced sustainability performance.
Keywords: Sustainable supply chains, barriers to sustainability strategies, emerging economies, innovation, oil
and gas, Brazil.
|
Implementing the SDG15: Business Climate Index in the Context of the Forestry Sector of Tocantins, Brazil
TEIXEIRA, D. M. C.; ZAPATA, C. (UnB - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The forestry sector is one of the key sectors indicated in the SDGS, with a specific SDG Goal 15, and crucial for Brazil. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of the role government needs to play in shaping the business environment to foster the achievement of the SDGs by investigating how can business climate indexes be used to shape public policy. In order to do that, the Forest Investment Attractiveness Index (FIAI) has been applied to the state of Tocantins, in Brazil, to further comprehend which areas of public policy intervention would be more relevant to support the development of a sustainable forestry sector. The results indicate that the sort of tool can only be used in a preliminary analyzes of the economic, political and institutional environment related to the forestry sector.
Keywords: Forest resource policy, forest investment, investment climate.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Improvement of Gray Water Footprint Calculation Method Based on Comprehensive Evaluation
HUI LI; GENGYUAN LIU; ZHIFENG YANG (BNU - China); CASAZZA, M. (Parthenope University of Naples - Italy); GIANNETTI, B. F. (BNU - China/UNIP)
|
Abstract: The Gray Water Footprint (GWF) analysis method, defined as the volume of fresh water required to assimilate the load of pollutants discharged into water based on natural background concentrations and existing ambient water quality standards, has been widely used in regional water quality management. In traditional calculation method, GWF value is obtained by dividing the load of critical pollutant by the difference between the ambient water quality standard for that pollutant and its natural background concentration in the receiving water body. In other words, GWF refers to the volume of freshwater that is always only required to assimilate the load of the largest concentration of pollutants based on existing ambient water quality standards. However, many studies have raised questions about this traditional single factor evaluation method, since it lacks the consideration to the combined effects of multiple pollutants, which will lead a higher GWF result in confidence-limit rate. In this study, a new GWF calculation framework oriented the solutions of multi-pollutants is proposed based on a 2-phases calibration model. In the first phases, we consider the dilution and autopurification process of multi-pollutants in natural waters. In the second phases, several comprehensive evaluation methods, such as the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE), principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy inference system (FIS), are applied to determine the “ecological threshold” of GWF. The application conditions and uncertainties of the three multi-factors appraisal methods have also been discussed. Our research gives the methodological support for the precise calculation of GWF.
Keywords: Gray water footprint, singe index method, comprehensive evaluation, fuzzy inference system, principal component analysis, fuzzy inference system
[Abstract]
|
Improving Cleaner Production through Biologically Inspired Urban-Industrial Networks
MORRIS, Z.; BRAS, B. (Georgia Institute of Technology - USA)
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Abstract: Biologically-Inspired Design is a growing field that has many applications. While this is normally used for individual products or materials, applied at a systems level, the inspiration stems from the structure and makeup of ecosystems. Over the last few decades, ecologists have developed Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) to better understand ecosystems, and both industrial and urban systems have been analyzed using ENA. Specifically, EcoIndustrial Parks (EIPs) that look to mimic the cyclic nature of food webs have been analyzed using ENA showing that these networks can still be improved significantly before they reach the levels of observed natural food webs. Similarly, urban networks (such as water and energy networks) have been looked at with ENA at a high level with insight gained about trophic levels in a city and how they compare with food webs. However, the industrial and urban networks have been analyzed at different scales and in separate systems. In this paper, we propose to further the use of ENA for industrial and urban networks. Specifically, the industrial networks will be combined and analyzed with the urban networks. This better represents how these networks function in reality whereas before some critical connections may have been ignored. A case study will be used to exemplify the method and benefits of our approach.
Keywords: Biologically-inspired design, ecological network analysis, industrial ecology
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Improving Product's Environmental Performance by Integrating Ecodesign Methods into a Reference Model for Product Development Process
D. C. A. Pigosso; A; Guelere Filho; H. Rozenfeld (USP)
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Abstract: The rising consumption of products is the origin of most of the pollution and resources depletion that our society causes. The environmental impacts observed throughout a product lifecycle are, largely, determined during its development phase. Hence, taking environmental aspects into consideration during the product development process (PDP) phase plays an essential role in reducing product lifecycle-related environmental impacts.
Despite the fact that the number of available ecodesign methods and tools has been increasing in the last decade, its implementation has not reached companies worldwide mainly due to the gap between eco-oriented and product-oriented researchers. The eco-oriented researchers fail to see PDP as a business process crucial to competitiveness, leading to partial and poor integration of ecodesign methods and tools into PDP, not generating the expected ecodesign competitive advantages. On the other hand, product-oriented researchers pay too little attention to environmental aspects, focusing generally on legal compliance and ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions due to little knowledge about ecodesign methods. This gap generates a lack of systematic use of ecodesign methods and tools in NPD leading companies to low levels of environmental performance.
This paper aims to propose a systematic approach to bridge the aforementioned gap by introducing some ecodesign methods and tools into the early phases of a reference model for NPD, which is a way to structure activities in a business process. The ecodesign methods to be integrated have been selected through literature review using a structured classification method. The reference model, used as integration baseline resulted from experiences accumulated since 1990. The expected result is a set of NPD-oriented structured activities that can successfully combine environmental and business perspectives to help companies worldwide to follow the path of sustainability by making new and “green” products successful into the market. This paper presents some preliminary results conducted by the authors.
Keywords: Product development process, reference model, ecodesign, methods
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Incineration: An Inevitable Alternative for Waste Disposal
R. M. C. Coutinho (UNIP), A. L. O. Coutinho, L. C. Carregari (Independent Researchers)
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Abstract: According to the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, Brazilian population (about
180 million inhabitants in 2004) produces close to 85 million tons of waste per year, or 225
tons per day, and this amount is household waste only, generated in homes or workplaces.
This research aims to expand the general knowledge through literature review in scientific
databases regarding the use of techniques, and methods or processes that can minimize the
effects of solid wastes may pose a risk to life, the quality of life and the environment.
Specific objectives: to describe the use of key technologies in solid waste management and
reporting major damage that solid waste pose to public health and the environment. The
most common methods in Brazil for the disposal of non-recyclable solid waste are the
landfills or the famous dumps. The latter have caused many problems, such as the emission
of odors and water and soil contamination. It is noticeable that many of the toxic elements
present in the original residues are still present in the landfill, uncontrolled and unknown,
and this is contributing to air pollution, soil and water bodies, besides facilitating the
proliferation of macro and micro arrays. This research aims to expand the general knowledge
through literature review, regarding the use of techniques and methods or processes that
can minimize the effects of solid wastes to expose life to risk, quality of life and the
environment. Fortunately the dumps are prohibited, and landfills have become unviable due
to its cost and the rejection of the population directly affected is no longer possible to forget
the trash or hide it. We must not turn it into garbage, and chances are many, but not equally
efficient and viable. The only viable solution in the relatively short time, with proven technology and without major environmental impacts, is to convert municipal waste into
industrial feedstock for the production of electricity through incineration. We know that the
European Union, North America and some other developed parts of the globe, incineration is
very widespread and used in hospitals, airports, industries and even cities. But in Brazil, this
type of waste for disposal is not explored yet and one of the main reasons is the low cost of
disposal in landfills and also the lack of legal requirements that require the total destruction
of waste. Undoubtfully, after the enactment of Law 12.305/10, establishing the National
Policy on Solid Waste, incineration is has a larger consideration, because the law provides for
the waste management hierarchy that includes the recovery.
Keywords: Incineration, solid waste, environmental law, industrial waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Incorporation of Industrial Wastes in Bricks
WIEMES, L. (IEL/UFPR); PAWLOWSKY, U. (UFPR); MYMRIN, V. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: This article presents a case study conducted as an experiment with the incorporation of different kind of wastes in the production of bricks (red building ceramics). Three types of wastes were directly mixed with clay: automotive waste sludge (AWS) containing concentrations of heavy metals, glass waste (GW) consisted primarily of microspheres (from a galvanic plant) and wood ash (WA)from a pottery furnace. The materials used in the formulation were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). They were separately dried, milled and then dry mixed. Water was added to contribute to the compaction process, to obtain the samples. Samples were dried and then heated to similar temperatures to those used in firing kilns bricks.The resulting ceramics were analyzed for dimensional and then subjected to flexural resistance test which presented results above of 4 MPa.To assess the environmental impact caused by the samples obtained, they were analyzed by XRD, XRF and SEM. At the end, leachability and solubility were realized to evaluate the chemical aspect of the obtained ceramic. According to Brazilian standards, the tested sample achieves the conditions to be classified as inert. In conclusion, it means that this new ceramic has conditions to be classified as capable to be produced. However, it is necessary to evaluate how a production in large-scale will behave.
Keywords: Industrial waste, recycling, environmental friendly materials
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Incorporation on Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Post-Consumer Packaging in Production of Concrete Blocks
CASTRO, M. V.; ANTUNES, M. L. P. (UNESP)
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Abstract: The worldwide production of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is over 92.95 million tonnes each year. The reuse or recycling of EPS still considered uneconomic due to its low market value, by taking up too much space and there are just a few recycling plants. Find an economically attractive solution for EPS is extremely necessary. The process of incorporate waste is one way to minimize environmental damage and reduce waste also providing cleaner production. With that in mind, this work aimed to evaluate the incorporation of post-consuming packaging of this material in the production of concrete blocks without structural purposes in construction. Samples were produced with triturated EPS from electronics packaging and food. Incorporating the waste produces concrete with compressive strength lower compared with the reference sample, it is observed that the incorporation of 50% of waste reduces by about 20% to 30% of the resistance bodies. However, the produced samples are in accordance with the values established by NBR7173, also produce lighter concrete blocks which can serve to seal and to be of great utility in construction.
Keywords: Portland cement, expanded polystyrene, waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Increasing the Sustainability of Pasta Production Through a Life Cycle Assessment Approach
RUINI, L.; FERRARI, E. (Barilla G e R. FratelliS.p.A.-Italy); MERIGGI, P.; MARINO, M. (HortaSrl-Italy); SESSA, F. (StudioLCE-Italy)
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Abstract: Durum wheat cultivation is responsible for most of
the environmental impacts of pasta production. Due
to this
reason, Barilla put forth a specific project aimed
to increase widespread use of cereal sustainable cropping
systems. Analysis were based on a holistic approach, taking into consideration economic, agronomic, food safety
and environmental indicators. The first part of the
project was focused on identifying potential improvements in
the most diffused cropping systems for the cultivation of Durum wheat in Italy, while maintaining high
levels of
quality and food safety standards. It has been demo
nstrated that the well-known low input agronomic practices
are environmentally friendly and also often economically advantageous. Implementation of dicotyledons
into a
cereal-only rotation allows a reduction of environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced up
to 36%), a reduction of DON risk and an increase in
net income for farmers(up to 31%). In the second part of the
project Barilla gave about 15 farmers a decision support system (DSS) called granoduro.netTM to see if
this
instrument could help them in reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Results show that the only
adoption of the DSS contribute in reducing carbon footprint (-10%), and costs for pesticides and fertilizers (-10%).
Keywords: Life cycle assessment; LCA; Food; Pasta;
Durum wheat.
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Indicator of Environmental Development as Auxiliary Instrument of Controlling in the Program of Clean Production of the Painting Sector in a Company of the Wood Furniture Local Productive Arrangement
M. G. Farias (UDESC); E. Paul; C. A. Garbe (Móveis América - SC)
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Abstract: This article aims to demonstrate the importance and the results of the process of integration of the University of the State of Santa Catarina with the business sectors and the society - in special, by means of the companies net called “Local Productive Arrangements”, in the advances of the use of the Environmental indicators and of the cleaner production for the endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development.
Keywords: Sustainable development, local productive arrangement, cleaner production, Furniture Sector, Environmental indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Indicators for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Preliminary Comparison
PEREIRA, R. S. C.; RIBEIRO, F. M. (CETESB); GÜNTHER, W. M. R. (USP)
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Abstract: The growth of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generation is a global phenomenon that tends to be intensified. WEEE management presents deficiencies and challenges, and reverse logistics (RL) has emerged as one of the instruments to improve it. The purpose of this work is to identify and compare sets of indicators related to WEEE management, in order to evaluate its applicability to the Brazilian context. Indicators proposed in two international publications were comparatively analyzed, using two criteria: relevance and data availability. Among 68 analyzed indicators, 44 were considered as applicable to the Brazilian context, through few adaptations. These indicators may be divided into two major categories: one related to the global evaluation of the implementation of WEEE RL in the country, and the other related to the performance evaluation of WEEE RL systems, to contribute to definitely implement WEEE RL in Brazil.
Keywords: WEEE, Reverse Logistics, Indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Cleaning with Ultra-Clean Water According to the Qlean-Method – A Case Study of Printed Circuit Boards
E. Sundin, N. Svensson, M. Lindahl (Linköping University - Sweden)
|
Abstract: The manufacturing industry today uses many kinds of chemicals in its cleaning processes.
The industrial cleaners often contain some sort of degreasing chemical to clean parts and
components before the main processes, for instance assembly or surface treatment. These
types of cleaning methods are often expensive and involve hazardous handling of chemicals
in manufacturing, as well as in the transportation of hazardous waste. In addition, the
cleaning processes often use a substantial amount of energy for cleaning.
The aim of this paper is to explore how ultra-clean water cleaning, using a method called
Qlean, can be applied in the manufacturing industry. In order to meet this aim, a case study
was conducted at Flextronics, in Karlskrona, Sweden. The data for this research was
collected through interviews and functional tests at different industries, which then was
analysed further.
The results from this research show that using solvent-free industrial cleaning with ultraclean
water is beneficial from the perspectives of quality, environment and business. The
quality improvement derived from using solvent-free industrial cleaning in the case of
cleaning printed circuit boards was the most important benefit.
Keywords: Ultrapure, de-gassed, cleaner production, Qlean, SOFIQ project
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Industrial Ecology as strategic tool for environmental policy-making process in Brazil
A. S. Pereira (UNICAMP); A. Vilela Jr (SENAC); E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: Most of today’s environmental policies in Brazil rely on controlling the growth of pollution by “command and control” techniques. During the last two decades, these instruments have been
designed to control sources of environmental impacts using industrial zoning, environmental
licensing, and emission standards. The present structure of environmental law and policy focuses
almost entirely on the activities of manufacturing companies and does not recognize strategies
related to pollution prevention and/or cleaner production — such as product life cycle
assessment, environmental labeling, environmental management systems, interconnectivity of
production process, extended producer responsibility strategy, and environmental certification —
as important instruments for auto-regulation. Recognizing that environmental policy must
become more focused on “command and covenant” than “command and control”, this article
attempts to provide an expanded perspective of environmental policy innovation based on a
more holistic approach — Industrial Ecology — as a strategic tool for environmental policymaking
process in Brazil.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, environmental policy, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Industrial Ecology in the Environmental Public Policies Context
A. Vilela Junior (SENAC-SP); F. M. G. Ribeiro; A. S. Pereira (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: Industrial ecology offers a number of methods and approaches which offer much potential for the environmental public policies. The adoption of a systems perspective in environmental analysis and decision making could significantly improve environmental policies effectiveness. Therefore, adjustments in the legal and organizational framework as well a deep change in the public environmental management would be necessary.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, environmental policy, environmental management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Ecology, Production and Environment: a discussion about interconnectivity of production
A. S. Pereira; J. C. F. Lima; E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: Industrial Ecology (IE) initiatives are presented by isolated strategies. As a result, there is a need to understand the eco-efficiency of approaches in order to plan strategically the IE implementation and to correct possible imperfections. One of the approaches is the Industrial Symbiosis (IS). This concept is based on synergy between different productive activities, which lead to a greater efficiency of resources uses allied with environmental and economical benefits. Contrarily to the IS concept, where all integrants are benefited locally, the Brazilian approach is based on supply/demand relations. Thus, the necessary information for this interrelation are: the logistic and the market information.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis, eco-efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Ecology: are there companies without symbiosis possibility?
V. Madeira (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: Besides the majority of the definitions indicate that the geographical proximity is a key factor for Industrial Symbiosis, there are examples of synergetic relations between companies independently of their proximity. Some examples are presented in this paper allowing the conclusion that pursuing the environmental performance improvement at all activities, a company contribute in its pathway to sustainable development, independently of its geographical localization.
Keywords: Industrial Ecology, industrial symbiosis, sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Ecology: contributions to the Reverse Logistics Post-Consumer
J. C. F. Lima, A. Avoleta, O. F. Lima, E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: In Brazil with the approval of the National Solid Residues Politics of the industrial sector
starts to be obliged to incorporate reverse logistic of after-consumes to it’s products. This
study it analyze the concept of reverse logistic points and the Contributions of the Industrial
Ecology in this process.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, reverse logistics, waste management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Losses Cause by Floods: Is it Worthwhile to Stay in Risk?
VIEGAS, C. V.; LAMBIASE, J. A. J. (UNISINOS); BOND, A. (University of East Anglia - UK/North-West University - South Africa); BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. M. (UNISINOS); VAZ, C. R. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Disasters are harmful events that damage natural and anthropogenic environments. Urban floods are a type of natural disaster with high negative impact to society. The economic effects of urban floods are under-researched within the Brazilian industrial sector. Esteio municipality, in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, is rated in 18th place in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) among 497 State municipalities, and it has the highest demographic density in Rio Grande do Sul, with almost 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is also highly vulnerable to floods, given its low topography and the presence of a main river and two tributary streams that run along its 32.5 square kilometers. This study employs open interviews with six private, two governmental, and four non-governmental agents based in Esteio. It has the aim to clarify their understanding of resilience to floods, and to unveil experiences of industrial losses in the main flood events, recorded in 2013 and in 2015. Private firms avoid talking about losses, and prefer instead to emphasize their mitigation actions, thereby taking risks regarding the high probability of future floods. The perception of resilience by firms is disguised or shallow, focused on palliative measures. Local firms, mainly small ones, usually accept the risk of keep their business in the municipality, because they have roots in Esteio. Further research is necessary to better classify and quantify industrial losses caused by floods. Such data would enable business owners to get better prepared for future natural disasters.
Keywords: Industrial losses. Supply chain disruption. Floods. Resilience
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Industrial Solid Waste Management and Cleaner Production, Case Study in Red Ceramic Industry
MORAIS, M. M.; GOMES, C. A.; PAZ, Y. M.; JERONIMO, R. A. S.; HOLANDA, R. M. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Waste management is a great importance tool for a company to get a cleaner production in the process . The importance of the application of this tool is given by the fact that, in addition to providing lower costs due to lower generation losses , contributes to the preservation of the environment. Therefore, in quantitative and qualitative, in the present study , we sought to quantify the loss in the production process of a ceramic industry . With that aimed to show the relationship that these data losses have with the generation of industrial waste, and identify the main waste generated in the production process. In addition, we sought to associate the management of solid waste with cleaner production. Thus, it was revealed the company has sought eco- efficiency in order to get better results during your process.
Keywords: Environmental management, environmental impact, red ceramic, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Symbiosis Expanded for Building a Sustainable Society
SILVA, L. F. (UNINOVE/PUC-SP); OLIVEIRA, P. S. G. (Universidade Anhembi Morumbi); GUEVARA, A. J. H. (PUC-SP); FERNANDES, K. R. (UNINOVE/FGV)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this theoretical conceptual article is to present a framework for a conceptual model of Industrial Symbiosis Expanded, to build such model the consumer was inserted in your role such as prosumer. The reason for the relevance of this proposition is that most of the time the concept of Industrial Symbiosis is related only to interorganizational relationships (Ammenberg et al., 2015, Martin, 2015, Trokanas, Cafelja and Raafat, 2015). Consumers in turn are treated as inert parts in the industrial chain. In this way, by inserting consumers into the industrial system, adopting a perspective under the concept of prosumer (Ritzer, Dean, Jurgenson, 2012, Seran, Izvercian, 2014), It is possible to promote synergistic activities in which the individual can generate benefits not only to himself but to other agents. This situation can be evidenced in the studies of Nazari et al. (2014) and Rathnayaka et al. (2014) on the production and consumption of energy and the gains in establishing synergistic relationships between companies and consumers, the latter also producing and re-feeding the electric system. The proposition of the presented conceptual model followed a three-dimensional perspective aligned with the dimensions of the Triple Botton line (Elkington, 1998), demonstrating the symbiotic interaction and cooperation between the three synergetic systems - natural, industrial and prosumer.
Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Sustainability, Sustainable Production, Industrial Ecology, Prosumer
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Industrial Symbiosis: What Have Been Researching?
CAVALCANTE, E. T. D. (UFPI/Faculdade Adelmar Rosado); SILVA, E. A. (UFPI)
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Abstract: The issue of industrial waste is wide and can generate several by-products when properly utilized. The analogy of industrial activity to ecology is a tendency to perceive the need to look the processes in a cyclical and non-linear way. In this way the Industrial Ecology has several approaches, among them the industrial symbiosis that is the object of this research. The objective of this paper was to analyze the scientific production on industrial symbiosis in the period from 2006 to 2016. In this article we used the EndNote, an online software that manages some international bases and assists in the cataloging the bibliography, there are the Brittish Library and Library of Congress. The Science Direct database was used as well as the CAPES database and also BDTD – Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (both brazilians).To this purpose , a bibliometry was performed in which the first moment was the choice of key words for research in the databases: industrial waste, industrial symbiosis. More than 130,000 researches on industrial waste were found, however exclusions were made for the final qualitative analysis on 10 articles to content characterization. It was noticed that the brazilian Law 12,305 / 2010 dealing with the National Solid Waste Policy has not been addressed directly in the surveys even for the Brazilian researches. And it was identified some gaps for future researches such as the need of public policies for the success of ecoparks and industrial symbiosis.
Keywords: bibliometry, industrial symbiosis, industrial waste management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Inertialising Thermal Reactor
E. A. R. Veloso (Super Zinco)
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Abstract: Brazil generates around three million tonnes of industrial residues per year, which are qualified as Class I – Dangerous and Class II – Not dangerous. Activities considered potentially pollutant can only occur after the obtaining of the environment license. The residues can be deposited in waste disposal with ACIR – Approval Certification of Industrial Residues. The Brazilian environment legislation imposes administrative, civil and criminal responsibilities on federal, state and municipal ambits. The companies of the galvanic sector generate galvanic mud compound of heavy metals as chromium, nickel, zinc, copper, iron and others. Super Zinco is the Brazilian leader in processes of plastic galvanization with production of more than a million square decimeter per month and generates 1400 tonnes of galvanic mud per year. It adopted the use of Inertialising Thermal Reactor projected by the author of this work. It reduces the volume and inertialises the mud that becames qualified as Class II – A, resulting in an annual economy of more than three hundred ninety thousand dollars.
Keywords: Galvanic mud, heavy metal
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Influence of the Urea in the Colour Intensity on Digital Printing
BARROS, A. A. R. C.;TAMBOURGI, E. B.; FILETI, A. M. F. (UNICAMP); ROSA, J. M. (UNICAMP/SENAI); BEZERRA, R. N.; ARAÚJO, M. C. (USP); SANTANA, J. C. C. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: It was studied the influence of urea in the digital printing of cotton in yellow, red and blue colours. In the first tests, the amount used were in the preparation recipes was 0 (without), 50 and 100 g∙L-1, demonstrating high influence in medium (60 %) and dark shades (90 %), in the all three colors assessed. Therefore, another test was performed in order to verify the minimum possible amount to be used, without detriment in the colour intensity (K∙S-1), concluding that the quantities above 80 g∙L-1 does not influence in a significant increase in the K∙S-1.
Keywords: Urea, colour intensity, digital printing
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Influence of thermodynamic parameters on a cooling absorption cycle using biomass energy
P. S. G. Carvalho (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Absorption cycle is one of the several available ways to obtain low temperature conditions for food storing. This technique operates from a hot source and is able to reach low temperatures close to -20ºC. This article analyses the influence of two thermodynamic parameters (evaporation temperature and condensation pressure) on the coefficient of cooperation performance (COP) of an absorption cycle which uses biomass as energy source. The software Engineering Equation Solver is used to support mathematical modeling, and the fish storage is considered as study case.
Keywords: Cooling systems, fish conservation, absorption cycle
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Infrastructure as a Key Factor for the Sustainability of Logistic Agricultural Production
I. K. Makiya; R. C. Traballi (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Infrastructure as a key factor for the sustainability of logistic agricultural production.
Agricultural production has showed some paradoxes with their competitiveness, when you
see its system of storage, distribution and logistic delivery of system as a whole.
This paper has goal analyse some issues related to infrastructure of the distribution of
soybeans, because logistics has represented 30% of final costs.
Keywords: Infrastructure, agricultural, logistic
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Initial Evaluation of the Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands in the Post-Treatment of UASB Reactor
V. Cano, B. G. L. A. Gomes, M. A. Nolasco (USP)
|
Abstract: This study aimed to implement and monitor 03 units of sewage treatment by constructed
wetlands systems in the post-treatment of a UASB reactor. The deployment of the units
occurred in the Sewage Treatment Station of School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of
University of São Paulo - EACH / USP, São Paulo, between September-October 2010. For
system monitoring and tracking performance, were analyzed dissolved oxygen (DO),
turbidity (qualitative per-view), NH4 e PO4. Two units of vertical flow wetlands and a
horizontal flow have been deployed, both with emerging macrophytes (Typha sp.), rated for
hydraulic loadings between 135 and 733 mm.day-1. The vegetation of the three units showed
good adaptation, with the presence of new seedlings and increased plant density.
Furthermore, they showed high oxygen uptake capacity, increasing the concentration of DO
in the effluent (2.76 to 3.46 mg.L-1), with a good removal of suspended solids and turbidity.
The vertical units showed removal of NH4 ranged from 10 to 76%, indicating good
nitrification. For PO4, the vertical units presented, at the beginning, an increased
concentration, and subsequently a removal between 34 and 44%, while the horizontal unit
showed removal rates of 7 and 40% during the whole period. Thus, we conclude that the
units presented satisfactory performance, resulting in promising systems for the posttreatment
of effluents from UASB reactors.
Keywords: Constructed wetlands, post-treatment, UASB Reactor
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Initiatives of Cleaner Production in the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industry
ZAMPOLLO, D. M.; NEDER, L. T. C. (PETROBRAS)
|
Abstract: Taking into consideration the global scenario involving questions related to environmental management
and
protection, in addition to the initiatives generated as consequence from environmental legal advances
in gas and
oil exploration & production area, Petrobras has been working, since 2011, in the development of projects based in
the Cleaner Production methodology, within a corporative program.
Petrobras exploration & production segment is composed by more than a dozen operational units, which act in
scattered spots in the Brazilian territory, performing a great amount of off and onshore activities, involving the
complete chain of the exploring and producing area.
In a certain way, this characterizes an intense challenge in
the implementation of Cleaner Production projects,
since its methodology predicts the selection and execution of
actions in productive or administrative processes,
both of which composed, several times, by a sequence of
stages.
The beginning of the slow implementation (considering the existing universe) of projects based in the
Cleaner
Production methodology was predated by the availability of a HSE personnel training in Petrobras Units
, provided
by an institution with proven expertise in the theme. This training, designed in a scholastic shape, contributed in
building and solidifying the methodology stages knowledge. In sequence, it was suggested to the Units
to develop
the creation and execution of a pilot project, that
exemplified the methodology, but of easy and quick
implementation. Thus, several ideas of projects emerged, some regarding the minimization of wastes generation
and some the minimization of effluents, allowing their use in a wide range of situations.
In the course of the implementation of each pilot project associated with the generation of wastes/effluents in the
different productive/administrative processes, despite the construction of interesting ideas that could
be shared
among the Units, there were also found several operational and organizational obstacles that, sometimes,
contributed to the discussions about shared solutions, favoring experience gathering.
This paper discusses the experience accumulated during the realization of the training and the execution of the
pilot projects as a contribution to the Cleaner Production theme towards the oil and gas industry, considering its
size and the particularities of its processes, which not always match the classical linearity of a regular industry
structure.
Keywords: Oil and Gas Industry, Cleaner Production, E&P
|
Innovation and Cleaner Production: The MONGEE SYSTEM – GREEN GASES TRACKING INFORMATION SYSTEM
M. G. Farias; T. C. D. Bueno; A. T. Nicolini; S. P. M. Bedin (UDESC); T. P. S. Oliveira (Instituto I3G - Florianópolis-SC)
|
Abstract: Monitoring greenhouse gases information on the North Santa Catarina Plateau, at Brazil South
Region, aims ensure the timber industry to share relevant and accurate information supporting
positive environmental actions in an increasingly competitive export focused market. With this in
mind, the deployment of an Information Management System based on Artificial Intelligence and
Ontologies intends to support the process management of cleaner production to be implanted,
assists and accelerate decision-making with regard to best practices on environmental
management at the regional forestry activities. An intelligent storage and retrieval information
system for cleaner production management at the timber industry will allow innovative
technology results, integration the production chain through the use of a knowledge database in
addition encouraging the establishment of an integrated management model for the industry
focused on the uniform growth of the chain and improvement in environmental management.
Keywords: Intelligent Systems, Monitoring, Green Gases Effect, Environment, Cleaner Production.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Innovation and Life Cycle Assessment in the Sustainable Context
SALVADOR, R.; HORCHULHACK, B. W.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; PIEKARSKI, C. M.; LUZ, L. M. UFTPR)
|
Abstract: The intense competition encourages organizations to
innovate to remain active and competitive in the current
market. Furthermore, due to the importance that the
environmental issue has gained in the current set,
the
sustainable development encourages the use of environmental management tools in order to reduce the impacts
caused by products. One of available tools that can
help in this aspect is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which
encompasses all stages of the product life cycle. In this sense, this article presents the role that technological
innovation together with LCA plays in Sustainable Development. For this proposal has been made a theoretical
research about Sustainability, Innovation and LCA.
Was observed that the LCA and Innovation when integrated
tread a path towards a production more attentive to
environmental issues and collaborate on sustainable
development, because while that technological evolution achieves economics benefits, the LCA indicates
the route
that causes the least impacts.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, LCA, Technological Innovation, Social Responsibility
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Innovation and Sustainability in the Project of Skyscrapers: A Case Study Focusing an Educational Approach
SOUZA, R. C. F. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: This paper describes a experiment of proposing the
early stages of design of skyscraper, questioning how those
mega-structures will interfere over contemporary and future living and respective urban scene. A politic and
economical background framed the context but was also flexible enough to not narrow students’ imaginations and
decisions.
It starts describing the main problems skyscrapers
in the 20th
Century, proposing new approaches with new
technologies and programmatic interpretations of those structures.
A case study presents three significant projects which were considered satisfactory as to represent the pedagogical
bias adopted, which was describe as “Problem based
Learning” It ends observing that 70% of the projects collect
during 3 years adopted traditional approaches to project,
despite the scenario described. It finally suggests
that new research should take in consideration not
only the
module, but the stages where the students are, comprising other modules that can be highly influential.
Keywords: Architectural projects, skyscrapers, technological
innovation, sustainable buildings, education towards cleaner
production
|
Innovation in Cleaner Production through Concrete and Cement Composite Recycling
M. Osmani (Loughborough University-UK)
|
Abstract: In the United Kingdom, most glass reinforced plastic (GRP) waste is currently sent to landfill
due to its intrinsic thermoset composite nature, lack of information relating to its
characteristics and insufficient knowledge of potential recycling options. Experimental
attempts were made to recycle GRP waste in concrete and cement composites. As such,
more than 190 concrete specimens were prepared in accordance with BS EN12390-2:2000
and BRE 1988 mix design for normal concrete and used GRP waste powder content varying
from 5% to 50% as replacement for fine aggregates. Results showed that GRP waste can be
used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate as well as an admixture in cement concrete.
Additionally, the presence of polymer and short glass fibre content in GRP waste powder can
significantly contribute to improve the quality of various concrete products and has ample
scope for use in several applications in the construction sector.
Keywords: Glass reinforced plastic (GRP), recycling, concrete composites; cement composites, UK
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Innovation Management as a Factor in Small Business Competitiveness
MORAIS, K. M. A. (SENAI-CE); GOMES, J. A. (UFCE)
|
Abstract: Considering the characteristics of small businesses
and has representation on the economy of the State
of Ceara,
the purpose of this article is to present the situation of innovation management in three small industries, as well
as relevant aspects in the management, able to drive growth through dynamic improvements in processes
and
products. Survey data, combined with literature exploratory and descriptive, it was established that the
management of innovation as a continuous process is
a factor of great importance for a company to grow
and
strengthen its competitive position; being necessary, however, a model strategic, integrated and manageable to
deal effectively with business innovation. The article presents the six dimensions of innovation management used
by SENAI-CE as the basis of actions developed with
the small scale industries, preparing them to take
advantage
of opportunities for financial incentives both government projects developed by the Federation System Industries.
Keywords: Innovation Management. Competitiveness. Strategies. Small Business. Products
|
Innovative Proposals for the Architectural Design of Skyscrapers: Recycling from a New Perspective
MIGUEZ, C. S. M.; RIZZI, M. T. G. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: This paper describes the earliest stages for an architectural project of a skyscraper in a site near Minas Gerais
County Council, at Belo Horizonte city. It is intended to reflect about new usage and functions of tall buildings
researching a bunch of alternatives by design. The article derives from a module of the course of Architecture from
Federal University of Minas Gerais. The heuristic form of research is justified since the designing process is used as
for investigate the main difficulties and possibilities of innovation of the project, aiming cleaner and sustainable solutions.
The skyscraper will be a machine that recycles solid residual rubbish which will be collected in the neighbourhood,
to whom a prospection including politic and social
concept of 30 years onwards were defined by the government.
Keywords: Architectural projects, skyscraper, recycling, sustainable buildings.
|
Installation of the Head Office of the Superintendence of Environmental Management of SABESP from the Reuse of an Operational Building
M. F. S. Minucci (SABESP)
|
Abstract: The project concept for the head office of the Superintendence of Environmental
Management of SABESP was based in the cleaner production and sustainable construction
principles. The head office was installed in a existing building, a disabled sewage pump
station, at SABESP Costa Carvalho unit, São Paulo, SP – Brazil.
The retrofit project to utilization of these facilities shows singularities like impact
minimization, energy efficiency, management and water saving and eco-efficient materials
utilization.
Nowadays, the retrofit works is almost finished and the building allows the perception of its
role in the past, as a living record of one of the stages in the history of SABESP, and
provides experience for new sustainable buildings in the company.
Keywords: Eco-efficiency, sustainable building, retrofit
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Instruments for environmental management in Espírito Santo do Pinhal, SP
A. A. F. da Silva; A. C. Sais; A. R. R. Bineli (Geosystec)
|
Abstract: From the facts and trends, the high rate of urbanization, the increasing problems of environment and the reduced capacity of the municipal government to solve these problems, take the necessity to create instruments for environmental management, which will assist the change for a sustainable society. Actions that embody the reforestation of the riparian forest, the forestation of streets and squares, the recovery of degraded areas and the environmental education are being developed to strengthen the city of Espírito Santo do Pinhal, SP, Brazil.
Therefore, this paper intends to show the viability of these solutions in such a way of the environment point of view, as economic and social, and at the same time, to use activities in the scope of the Clean Development Mechanism to promote the sustainable development local.
Keywords: Environmental education, Management, Reforestation, Riparian forest, Urban forestation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Integrated Energy Management of Buildings Using Computer Network Protocol SNMP for the Integration of Clean Production and Sustainability
SANTOS, F. S. (IFSP/UNESP); CAGNON, J. A. (UNESP); SILVA, E. C. G. (IFSP/UNESP)
|
Abstract: Energy consumption is a constant concern for the generation and consumer, and to reconcile with cost productivity
is always a task that requires long periods of study to learn how to use it rationally. It's pretty aconsensus that the survival of the planet requires profound changes in industrial society, changing patterns of technological
production, consumption habits and even cultural roots. It is also consensus that the transformation of the
construction supply chain is crucial in this process. Sustainability is now the main driver of technological innovation
in all sectors, including construction. Companies and professionals that position themselves at the forefront will
get major benefits. Sustainability is now a key point in the development concept. Sustainable development
ensures that present needs are found without, however, compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy
their needs. This term is closely linked to two concepts: energy and the environment. So the better management
of energy resources with consumer demand, the better their productivity. In order to collaborate with
the process
of energy management, the technology employed in this context can use the SNMP protocol, developed for
equipment management of computer networks, switches, routers, servers and workstations. To this end, they will
use the same infrastructure of a network of computers: in place of traditional equipment, enter the motors,
generators, lamps.
Keywords: Home automation, Energy, Sustainability, Management, SNMP protocol
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Input-Output Analysis for the Assessment of Ethanol Greenhouse Gases Emission in Brazil
WATANABE, M. D. B.; CHAGAS, M. F.; CAVALETT, O. (CTBE); CUNHA, M. P. (UNICAMP); BONOMI, A. M. (CTBE)
|
Abstract: The increasing ethanol production in Brazil is deeply related to the global demand for alternative energy sources
which can both decrease the reliance of economic sectors on non-renewable energy and drive global energy
production towards a more sustainable situation. Simultaneously, it is important to improve techniques
that allow
the assessment of environmental impacts from different scenarios of biofuel production, aiming to improve its
sustainability. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is
recognized as a powerful methodology that provides
detailed
information about the environmental impacts related
to agricultural production, industrial stage and consumption
phase of sugarcane-based products and co-products.
However, LCA has some limitations regarding the definition
of system boundaries and also requires huge effort
during the data collection for Life Cycle Inventory. In this
sense, a different technique such as the LCA integration with Input-Output Analysis (IOA) emerges as an
alternative approach which allows expanding the boundaries of LCA studies to the country's economy without
losing important information provided in the life cycle inventory. This approach is based on the country's input-output matrix, which allows calculating the direct
and indirect impacts related to all production sectors of a
country. In this paper, such integrated approach will be used to simulate the greenhouse gases emission related to
different technological scenarios of bioethanol production in the Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery (VSB),
under
development by the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and
Technology Laboratory (CTBE). Data for the assessment were
obtained from literature and computing simulation.
Preliminary results show that integrated first and second
generation ethanol production (1G2G) has the lowest
global warming potential (measured in CO2-eq) when
compared with first generation ethanol production technologies in Brazil.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, input-output analysis, ethanol production, greenhouse gases emission
|
Integration of Sustainability Aspects to Supplier Selection Processes – The Role of Locational Criteria
M. A. S. de Castro, M. A. G. Figueiredo, V. Schalch, F. A. S. Vecchia (USP)
|
Abstract: The consideration of sustainability-related aspects provides nowadays a competitive edge,
but, due to factors such as public and market pressures, may soon become the only way for
an organization to subsist. In this shift, supply chains play an important, strategic role,
because of the amount, importance and implications of the decisions taken during its
planning, such as the supplier selection process. However, despite the attention publicly
given by the organizations to environmental and social issues, supplier selection processes
have been based mainly on economical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the
importance of the decisions regarding supply chain planning in the search for a higher degree
of sustainability, through an analysis of the locational criteria used for supplier selection.
Initially, a literature review was conducted in order to point out such criteria, as well as the
corresponding models of application in the decision making process. They were, after that,
evaluated and classified according to the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept of sustainability.
As a result, the paper identified three historical moments, which currently represent three
possible approaches for locational criteria adoption in the supplier selection process: the
consideration of purely economical aspects, and the subsequent addition of environmental
and social aspects in decision making. Further, the paper presents some closing remarks and
suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Supply chain, supplier selection, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production: Bibliometric Analysis of the Years 2007, 2009 and 2011
OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. (UNINOVE/UFSCar); SHIBAO, F. Y.; GONÇALVES, A. C.; MORA, R.; LAMDIM, F. C. S (UNINOVE); GODINHO FILHO, M. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the universe of articles published in the International Workshop Advances
in Cleaner
Production in the years 2007, 2009 and 2011. The methodology included bibliometric analysis, using the software
UCINET-Draw that quantified and evaluated the scientific production of the years in question in qualitative and
quantitative terms. We investigated the number of publications in the years of achievement, allowing to know the
issues, methods, and the authors who published their networks of relationships, universities / companies affiliated
authors and their networks of relationships, and quantify the contribution domestic and foreign. The results of the
bibliometric analysis showed the overview of the elements that have been discussed in IWACP in Brazil,
focusing
on the implementation of Cleaner Production in the production system.
Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, UCINET-Draw, International
Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production
|
Intervening Factors in the Consumption of Water in Residential Buildings in the City of Joinville
DIAS, T. F.; KALBUSCH, A.; HENNING, E. (UDESC)
|
Abstract: This article aims to identify the factors that may influence water consumption in residential buildings in the city of Joinville (Southern Brazil), through the analysis of socioeconomic constructive variables. A non-probabilistic sample was established with the application of a questionnaire with 23 questions to survey characteristics of 47 residential buildings, totaling 1422 residential units. The model describing water consumption was identified from a multiple linear regression analysis. Within the analysis, it was verified that the variables related to the constructive aspects of the building are statistically significant to explain water consumption (m³ / day). However, both constructive and socioeconomic aspects were statistically significant for the water consumption index (liters per person per day). The results contribute to a better understanding of the variables related to water consumption in residential buildings, and may be useful for local government when planning sustainable policies.
Keywords: Consumption index, water consumption, buildings
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Inventory Analysis for the Life Cycle Assessment of Packaging for Soft Drinks
PRADO, M. R. (FTPR); KASKANTZIS NETO, G. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: The knowledge of the life cycle of a product is the
first step in the search of the sustainable development. The
present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of
packaging for soft drinks: glass bottles, aluminum
cans and bottles of PET. The study considered processes since
the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption
of the soft drink. They had been identified and quantified the main critical points of generation of negative
environmental impact during the life cycle of each
packaging. The consumption of natural resources and
energy,
the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The
results showed that, in accordance with the scenes
and defined variables, the bottle of glass presented a less
favorable scene to the environment in comparison with the other packaging.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, packaging, soft drinks, sustainable development.
|
Investigating the Environmental Damage: A Detailed Study about the Main Reference Methods for Economic and Social Aspects Integration
LUCCHETTI, M. C. (Roma Tre University - Italy); ARCESE, G. (University of Bari Aldo Moro - Italy); MAIORINO, C. (ISPRA - Italy); MERLI, R.; PREZIOSI, M. (Roma Tre University - Italy)
|
Abstract: In 2013, ISPRA (Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) and the Department of Business Studies of Roma Tre University signed a cooperative framework agreement to launch a joint research project for the development and the implementation of methodologies and tools able to accurately quantifying and assessing Environmental Damage, also considering the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and its application in the field (M.I.D.A. Research Program, Methodologies for environmental damage individuation). In this view, the scientific literature on the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) has been reviewed, in order to find those LCIA methods that could be suited to accomplish the goals of Environmental Damage Assessment. Recent developments are leading to advances in the practice of LCIA. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is definitely a useful tool in order to assess and quantify environmental impacts, but its appropriateness as a methodology to address the requirements of environmental damage remains uncertain. As a first step, we have defined the environmental damage and so fully understand its requirements. Then, we have tried to find how, under the light of recent developments, the LCA methodology could offer opportunities to match these specific requirements. After that, in the second phase we have considered different aspects for the assessment and quantification of environmental damage, including the risk assessment methods, and integrated it in a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Strategy in a managerial perspective. This paper shown these actual results and the outlook of these research project goals.
Keywords: Environmental Damage, Risk Assessment, Environmental damage indicators, WTP, DALY, Impact Pathway
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Investing in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects
R. B. Kerr; L. C. J. Perera; H. Kimura (Mackenzie); F. G. Lima (USP)
|
Abstract: The discussion about the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) began with the effects of
global warming and its consequences. Al Gore who produced An Inconvenient Truth, which
was granted the Oscar of Best Documentary in 2007, kept the flag of climate defender flying.
2005 International Energy Agency Statistics show that developed and developing countries
like the United States (21.4%), Japan (4.5%), China (18.7%), Russia (5.7%) and India
(4.%) are responsible for just about 55% of the global CO2 emission. Apparently, no one is
discussing the need for radical measures aiming to reduce the emission of Greenhouse Gases
(GHG). Bjorn Lomborg, in his 2007 book Cool It, questions the practicality of CO2 reduction
with respectable economic arguments; he recognizes the problems, but questions the way to
face them and the Kyoto Protocol (KP) itself. In this context Brazil appears as a bastion with
a very small contribution of just 1.2% of the global CO2 emission, especially considering its
vast territorial extent. The main contribution of this research is to answer the following
questions: CDM projects are profitable? What is the role of Brazil in reducing GHG emission?
What is the future of the market for carbon credits after Kyoto?
Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Greenhouse Gases (GHG), Kyoto Protocol, CO2 emission, Carbon Credits (CC)
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Is Healthy Eating, Healthy For The Environment? Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition Double Food Pyramid
RUINI, L.; CIATI, R. (Barilla G. e R. FratelliS.p.A.-Italy); PRATESI, C. A.; PRINCIPATO, L. (Roma TreUniversity-Italy); MARINO, M.; PIGNATELLI, S. (StudioLCE-Italy)
|
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that agriculture and animal farming are among the sources that yield the greatest
amounts of greenhouse gasses (beating out transportation) and it is generally known that proper nutrition is an
essential condition to health. In 2010 Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition (BCFN) decided to re-propose the food
pyramid (the first time proposed by the US Department of Agriculture in the 1990s) elaborated and updated to
carefully integrate the latest findings by research, involving global warming and the impact of food on the
environment. The results wereobtained with the use
of Life Cycle Assessment methodology. But, a need for both
communicational conciseness and clarity imposes a simpler method that accounts for all outcomes. This
is why the
ecological footprint served as base indicator in the construction of the double pyramid.
Thus, it has been made a reclassification of food that goes beyond their positive impact on health, encompassing
their impact on the environment as well. These values are overlapped in descending order to obtain an
upside-down pyramid that re-proposes the same succession ongside
the Food Pyramid, created a Food-Environmental Pyramid called “Double Pyramid”. It shows that those foods with
higher recommended consumption levels are also those with lower environmental impact. Contrarily, those foods
with lower recommended consumption levels are also
those with higher environmental impact.
Applying the model to everyday life and in order to
estimate the extent to which the food choices of individuals
affect the environmental impact, two different daily menus were analysed: both are balanced from a nutritional
point of view, but in the first one, the protein is
of plant origin (“vegetarian menu”), while in the
second, it is
mainly of animal origin (“animal protein-based menu”). The vegetarian menu has an environmental impact
that is
two and a half times lower than the beef one.
It may be affirmed that the Mediterranean diet is the cheapest if the foods are selected judiciously,
preferring
those, which have a low cost and high nutritional value, such as pasta, legumes, certain types of vegetables, oil,
and dried fruit. The creation of a single-course meal based on vegetables enriched with a modest addition of meat
may be the best method to provide the proper caloric and nutritional intake at a limited cost. Sustainable eating
definitely does not necessarily mean spending more
money; accordingly it is also possible saying that
eating well
and healthy does not cost much more.
Keywords: Nutrition, ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, costs of diets.
|
KAIZEN Management Model and its Application in the Fertilizer Industry
ASSUNÇÃO, D. S.; MOURA, L. B.; MAMEDES, T. C.; SIMÕES, T. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: This article aims to demonstrate how the
KAIZEN
Management Model, through its three key elements–waste
elimination, five senses practice ("5S")and standardization of repetitive tasks – it is possible to identify a way to
improve performance in the process of loading road-rail of sulphur in a fertilizer company in Cubatão.
It is
concluded that, through the application of the Management Model of continuous improvement,
KAIZEN, the sector
of loading road-rail of sulphur achieved a significant change in its working method, resulting in the
elimination of
rework and in the reduction of time and costs, contributing as well to the increase of operation’s productivity.
Keywords: KAIZEN, Productivity, Performance, Sulfur
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Knowledge and Understanding of Cleaner Production Theme in Specialized Courses: A Case Study
FRANKENBERG, C. L. C.; CANTELLI, M. (PUC-RS); DE OLIVEIRA, P. G. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: For new solutions in engineering education, as subjects or corporate social responsibility and sustainability courses do not have a mere decorative function in the curriculum, become necessary to define more clearly the methodology and content of the courses offered. Thus this study came from an academic need, and proved the need for further discussion of the topic in the different courses and areas. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of students Specialization course in Production PUCRS sore it. As a result it was noted the need for further study and the creation of a more detailed project to understand and possibly assist in the various academic curricula.
Keywords: Academic training, cleaner production, specialization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Knowledge in Sustainability: (Self-) Perceptions of Rural Extension Technicians in Santa Catarina
A. W. L. da Silva (UDESC), P. M. Selig, A. A. Lerípio (UFSC), C. V. Viegas (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Knowledge is the basis for a sustainable attitude and, as such, of sustainability itself. This
assertion – valid for any social sector – seems particularly relevant to agricultural activities,
which are acknowledged as a source of environmental disturbances. A survey based on a semistructured
questionnaire was used to assess the perceptions of rural extensionists of the
Western Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The focus was on their knowledge about agricultural
sustainability as well as on their interests as regards the qualification in this matter. The
technicians assessed that their present understanding of the topic is from reasonable to good,
and that technical events were the principal means of obtaining the knowledge they possess. All
extensionists showed interest in participating in professional training processes, showing a
preference for practical activities and short courses. Most technicians consider the possibility of
using their own financial resources for their own qualification.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, sustainability knowledge, rural extension, agricultural production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Landfill Leachate Treatment by Constructed Wetland: Operation Strategies
CANO, V. (USP); VICH, D. V. (UFBA); NOLASCO, M. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Landfill leachate is an important issue related to waste management, due to its high contaminants concentration and toxicity, making treatment by conventional technologies and operational parameters more difficult. Thus, this study aimed the evaluation of leachate treatment, focused on organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, by constructed wetlands, an alternative and low cost technology, using different operational strategies. The leachate taken from a landfill located in the city of Guarulhos, Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, has been treated in a laboratory scale horizontal flow constructed wetland (HF-CW) system (total volume of 30.8 L). The units werefilled with calcareous gravel andplanted with Cyperus papyrus, Heliconiapsittacorum and Gyneriumsagittatum, and a control was maintained without vegetation. The system was fed with leachate diluted in water with different proportions (between 10% and 30%) with mean Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration between 336 and 750 mg.L-1 and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) between 47 and 199 mg L-1. The operation was divided in three stages: (1st) continuous feeding with mean Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT) between 2.7 and 5.3 d; (2nd) regime of effluent recirculation to evaluate the effect of increasing the HRT to 21 days; (3rd) continuous feeding with two wetlands units in series, aiming HRT increasing (between 8.1 and 9.9 d) without recirculation. The COD removal was low, with averages below 40%, resulting in effluent concentration between 270 and 750 mg.L-1. However, there was removal of NH4-N, especially in the 2nd and 3rd stages, with average removal between 43% and 81%, resulting in concentration between 20 and 223 mg.L-1, showing HRT influence. The low efficiency for COD is probably related to the recalcitrance of the leachate, or due to inhibition of microorganisms by toxicity. For NH4-N, it is inferred that the increase of the HRT provided greater time for oxygen diffusion to the wetland system, meeting the demand of heterotrophic bacteria, which allowed the use of excess oxygen by nitrifiers, culminating in the oxidation of NH4-N. Thus the HRT is an important parameter that must be taken into account during dimensioning of HF-CW, since it influences the treatment efficiency and is related to the area demand.
Keywords: Landfill leachate, constructed wetlands, recalcitrance, nitrification Hydraulic Retention Time.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
LCA as Support for P+L in the Lighting Industry
SANCHEZ JUNIOR, O. (IPT)
|
Abstract: The emergence of concerns about the environmental sustainability of economic activities eventually leveraging the
use of the approach of Cleaner Production-P + L for production processes and techniques of Life Cycle
Assessment-LCA to evaluate the environmental performance of products and services. The present study sought
to identify key indicators of the LCA that could support the implementation of the P + L for the lighting industry. In the first stage there was a structured survey of published papers dealing with LCA studies in lighting. In the
second step, we carried out a search in journals to identify studies published among those that address the
application of LCA to the development of products for lighting and found what the major parameters that
potencialized the approach of P + L. In the third phase proposes a comprehensive model for the application of
criteria for P + L with technical support from the LCA. The authors conducted an analysis of published papers that
use LCA for design and product development that provided the possible indicators for use in decision-making
approach of P + L. From the survey was conducted a mapping of interrelations between the processes of the LCA
and the sequence P + L and identified himself as the flow of information could occur in a complementary way. It is
concluded by the complementarity between process P + L and ACV technique, with the advantage of leveraging
the desenpenho environmental analysis on the production process.
Keywords: LCA of lighting products, comparative LCA.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
LCA of MSW Management. The Environmental Impacts of Wrong Choices
RIPA, M.; FIORENTINO, G.; VACCA, V. (Partenope University of Naples, Italy); ULGIATI, S. (Parthenope University of Naples, Italy/Beijing Normal University, China)
|
Abstract: The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is currently one of the most serious and controversial issues faced by the local and regional authorities of a country.The member countries of the European Union (EU) are required to propose waste management systems that comply with the hierarchy of options, based on the following order of priority: prevention (in waste generation), preparing for reuse, recycling,other types of recovery (including energy) and, finally, the disposal of waste. To demonstrate the performance of management alternatives in the decision-making process, authorities, communities, industry and waste management companies should consider environmental aspects in addition to the evaluation of technical and economic aspects. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been demonstrated to be a suitable tool for evaluating waste management systems, although its performance strictly depends on the detailed knowledge of the state of the art and on the “localness” of data used. This paper summarizes the main results of the application of LCA methodology to the MSW management systemcurrently adopted in Naples (Italy), affected in the past years by a wastedisposal emergency, notyet completely solved. The mainstreams of MSW generated in Naplesare assessed in terms of theirenvironmental impacts and a general picture of the management system is drawn through a detailed collection of local data concerning all waste streams’ routes and destinations.In such a way, LCA allows the identification of criticalities and bottlenecks of the complex issue of waste management, thus highlighting the effects that wrong choices can generate as a starting point for future improvements.
Keywords: Waste Management, Life Cycle Assessment, Municipal Solid Waste
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
LCA of Public Luminaires: Proposal for Mapping Production Flow for Inventory
O. Sanchez Júnior (IPT-SP)
|
Abstract: Considering the efforts of the various instances of government and the productive sector to
minimize the consumption of electricity for lighting and thereby budget gain, there is a
generalization of procedures exclusively towards the replacement of technology from a simple
analysis focused only on saving energy. However, there is a number of parameters whose
analysis should compose an inventory and thereby assist the decisions of the energy
concessionaires of municipality administration, and to subsidize manufacturing projects. This
inventory could aid decisions with a focus on sustainability in the use of equipment for lighting
and so there would be an aggregation of value and promote greater environmental responsibility
within the framework of public policies apply. This paper proposes a mapping of the flow of
production of luminaires for street lighting to be used as reference for the application of the Life
Cycle Assessment - LCA methodology. With this methodology, the results may provide support
for product development from the perspective of sustainability.
Keywords: Public luminaires LCA, street lighting production inventory
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Leaching of Mo, Cd, Zn, As and Pb of Fly Ash from Figueira, Paraná Power Plant
C. N. Lange, J. C. Silva C. S. Bocci, I. M. C. de Camargo (IPEN)
|
Abstract: Fly ashes are frequently disposed inadequately on soil at thermoelectric power plants
proximities, where toxic elements may be leached by the rain, transported to natural
water sources and absorbed by plants and animals in soil. Fly ash columns were
leached using a solution that simulated an acid rain for one year to evaluate the
liberation of As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mo. The results had showed that some of these
elements, such as Mo, As and Cd were leached in amounts that may cause
underground water contamination.
Keywords: Ash, coal, metal, leaching and thermoelectric
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Lean and Green: Study on Integrated Practices
SANT’ANNA, P. R.; CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Context - Increasingly, organizations find themselves forced to expand their productivity by reducing costs and ensuring quality. In addition, the strong scarcity of resources and high levels of pollution have led the government to interfere in this process, by creating laws to control the environmental impact that these companies generate. Firms willing to reduce waste have already adopted lean manufacturing and also environmental management as an approach to control impacts.
Gap - The joint action of both models leads to the new management approach called Lean and Green (LG). However, it appears that studies on LG are few, not showing how organizations can act in order to achieve results for both models.
Purpose - This paper aims to propose a list of practices that companies could adopt in case it wishes to lean and to be environmentally friendly at the same time.
Methodology - For this purpose, an exploratory research was carried out, resulting in 43 papers related to Lean and Green practices. Secondly, all practices found in each paper were listed up, to finally filter those that can be classified as LG, in agreement with previous studies.
Results - As a result of the research, a table of LG practices is presented. It can be consulted by organizations wishing to reconcile the two theories in their production routines. It happens that some lean practices need to be adapted in order to be classified as LG.
Conclusions - The results show being possible to apply the LG management model in practice, with only the adoption of lean manufacturing and environmental management practices that converge on purpose. There is a wide gap in the field of how environmental management can influence on lean manufacturing, since most of the analysis presented are given in the opposite direction. Finally, the implementation of lean practices itself do not guarantee outcomes enough to meet the requirements of environmental laws.
Keywords: Lean and green, lean manufacturing, environmental management, practices
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Lean Maintenance: Perspective of Competitive and Sustainable Manufacturing
SOUZA, J. B.; SACOMANO, J. B.; KYRILLOS, S. L. (UNIP)
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Abstract: This article focuses on the integration of operations management processes and with the paradigm of Lean Maintenance, specifically models of production systems in the context of a competitive and sustainable manufacturing. The research method is based on a critical analysis of the literature using two complementary approaches. The research also has shown that adopting the paradigm "Lean Maintenance" in businesses and organizations is still in its embryonic state; however our results suggest that the implementation of the paradigm "Lean Maintenance" can act as a catalyst for operational performance, i.e. making competitive and sustainable manufacturing, especially providing synergy to corporate sustainability. It is important to note that this research will be the basis for a more detailed for medium and small project.
Keywords: Environmental, Operations, Production, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Lean Six Sigma and Sustainability: Literature Review Analysis
WALTER, O. M. F. C.; PALADINI, E. P. (UFSC); KALBUSCH, A.; HENNING, E. (UDESC - Brazil)
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Abstract: Lean Six Sigma (LSS) has contributed to many organizations around the world to adopt this in their operations to become more competitive. The evolution of production systems and government requirements has led companies to develop strategies to achieve more sustainable operations. Evidences suggest that LSS and sustainability (LSSS) contribute to organization performance and environmental issues. However, the theoretical contribution from LSSS has been insufficiently discussed in literature. This article aims to analyze articles on literature reviews on the LSSS theme, in order to present its main characteristics. This study verifies what has been published on the theme in order to point out similarities and differences in research findings. Additionally, there is a comparison on what has been discussed in LSS literature reviews to what is available in LSSS literature reviews. The results show that there are few publications on LSSS. Even so, there are similarities in research findings among LSS and LSSS literature reviews, which can lead to many research opportunities in the theme.
Keywords: Lean Six Sigma, Sustainability, and literature review.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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LEGOLEVE Blocks
R. C. Kanning; J. A. Cerri (UTFPR)
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Abstract: Topics like the urban solid waste management, the housing deficit, the increasing
consumption of natural resources and the waste generation in the building industry are
concerning for the majority of countries. The development of LEGOLEVE project is presented
as a potential solution to minimize these problems. The use of EPS (styropor) and PET
bottles as components of material for constructions shows several advantages, such as:
reduces of natural resources consumption (ex. sand); reduce the urban solid waste volume
to be disposed; it has a low production cost, reduces the overall time for completing the
project and its application can be conducted by anyone with some technical habilities. Finally,
these materials do not need nesting mortar. The proposal of this work is discuss about the
properties of the LEGOLEVE blocks, which is made of lightweight concrete using recycled EPS
aggregate and joined by PET bottles. The development of LEGOLEVE blocks has been based
on the following definitions: the amount of EPS in the light concrete, the casting mould
design and the processes of casting and setting point, using in this stage cylindrical
specimens. After defining the best composition (amount of EPS) and the process
parameters, several blocks had been prepared and analyzed, comparing the results with
values from ceramic blocks. The water absorption level and mechanical results show that
LEGOLEVE blocks partially reach the values set by NBR 15270/2005, although the LEGOLEVE
has no specific standard to be evaluated. Additionally, it was observed that the blocks are
horizontally connected by bottles, substituting with advantages the lime-based mortar.
Comparing ceramic blocks with LEGOLEVE blocks, in regards to productivity and costs of masonry, shows the following advantages of the last one: use 75% less of constructive
elements, very low consume of mortar (about 100 times less) and allows executing the task
in 75% less time with reduced effort of the workman.
Keywords: Lightweight concrete blocks, styropor, PET
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Level of Disclosure of Environmental Information in the Electricity Sector: an Empirical Study of Brazil and Iberian Peninsula
C. Braga (UFCE), P. P. Silva (Coimbra University-Portugal), G. P. Santos (UFCE)
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Abstract: The world is faced with a challenge in the world market for electricity: energy security,
protected environment and competitiveness in the search for the sustainable energy. The
balance of these three elements enables the production of cleaner and compatible energy
with sustainable development. One way to assess the environmental performance and level
of disclosure of a company is the use of indicators. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
indicators are highlighted. In the first decade of this century there was an increase in social
and environmental disclosure in the electricity sector in Brazil. The demand of stakeholders
for environmental reporting and accountability by promoting the dissemination of the
environmental report, especially in an industry sensitive to the environment. With the
privatization of the sector in Brazil, some of the Iberian Peninsula enterprises made
investments in companies that integrate various links of the industry value chain. This paper
aims to identify the Environmental Information Disclosure Level (EIDL) of Brazilian and the
Iberian Peninsula companies, which have made environmental disclosure using the GRI
indicators, G3, posted on the GRI, in the period 2006 to 2008. The conclusions show that
Brazilian companies are in the process of improving the level of disclosure and the Iberian
ones are divided between those that grew in the dissemination and those that experienced a
reduction. The analysis between the level of disclosure and the location of the firms suggests
that the Iberian companies are better positioned than the Brazilian. The definition of
stakeholders for companies is similar in all three countries. Regarding the company's
communication process with stakeholders there are also similarities.
Keywords: Disclosure, GRI, environment, Brazil, the Iberian Peninsula
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Life Cycle Analysis for Cow Beef in Sonora: Slaughtering Stage
C. R. Álvarez-Chávez, A. A. Flores-Soto, R. Pérez-Ríos (UNISON-Mexico)
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Abstract: By using a life cycle analysis, impacts to the environment were identified and assessed
during the slaughtering stage of the production system of beef from Mexico Supreme Quality
official brand in a Federally Inspected Type (TIF by Spanish acronym) Slaughterhouse within
the state of Sonora, Mexico. The weight of two channels was the functional unit considered.
To this end, the slaughter process characterization was carried out on the slaughterhouse,
where qualitative and quantitative data was obtained as inputs into production processes and
cleaning, and emissions to water, air, solid waste, etc.
The following environmental impacts were identified and analyzed using software GaBi
Education: global warming potential, eutrophication of water, air acidification, photochemical
ozone creation and human toxicity. The results showed that the main environmental impacts
include the potential for water eutrophication and global warming due to pollution of
wastewater, which contained organic matter and chemicals during the production process,
and due to emissions of CH4 and CO2 from livestock enteric fermentation, manure
management, and use of fossil fuels.
Opportunities were proposed to improve the environmental aspects on the slaughterhouse
such as improving sewage treatment, optimizing water use, introducing the use of renewable
energy, among others. The results of this study are useful in efforts to improve
environmental issues and to prevent pollution at this stage of the production chain of beef.
Keywords: Life cycle analysis (LCA), Global Warming Potential, Eutrophication Potential, beef,
Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Life Cycle Assesment – Comparative study of extruded Aluminium profile and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
ESPITIA, A. C.; GONDAK, M. O.; SILVA, D. A. L. (USP)
|
Abstract: The growing concern about the quality of the environment has driven the development of new techniques to support decision-making in companies, aimed at creating new models of production and selection of materials that are environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Among these new techniques, stands the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA identify and quantify is a systematic form the materials flows, energy, wastes, and emissions caused during the product life cycle, allowing quantify previously the potentials environmental impacts. In this paper was made a comparative LCA between two materials used in the automotive industry: Aluminum profile Vs. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Those materials were compared using the bulkhead’s profile manufacturing process, showing the characteristics of each one and the most relevant importance about the mains environmental indicators: Energy Consumption, and potential environmental impacts. For this, were modeled two scenarios of product´s manufacturing process, having as main variable the number of recycling aluminum and PVC. The results showed that the energy consumption in the aluminum life cycle was 494 times higher than for PVC.Additionally, the impacts categories Ecotoxicity water acute, Ecotoxicity water chronic, Human toxicity air, Human toxicity soil, Human toxicity water, Human toxicity water, Photochemical oxidant potential, were responsible for 90% higher impact for on the aluminum comparatively with the PVC, considering the recycling scenarios modeled. These results are presented gave mainly due to the amount of resources required for the production of aluminum. Therefore, the bulkhead profile for use in the studied (Automotive Industry) should be produced in PVC, so that environmental impacts are minimized in support of environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, PVC, Aluminum, Environmental Performance, Automotive Industry.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Discussion on Full-Scale and Simplified Assessments to Support the Product Development Process
D. C. A. Pigosso (USP), S. R. Sousa (USP/Center for Information Technology Renato Archer)
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Abstract: The environmental impacts observed throughout a product life cycle are, to a large
extent, determined during its development phase, especially on the initial stages of
product development process. These stages are characterized by a high level of
uncertainty, environmental performance improvement potential and by the
unavailability of quantitative and detailed data of the product for performing fullscale
LCAs, since it is still under development. Companies are more than ever
recognizing the need for adopting a systemic view of the environmental impacts in
the first stages of product development but, the complexity and slowness of fullscale
LCA studies coupled with the lack of technical expertise of the designers to
apply LCA, prevents the use of the results in the decision making process of product
development. In order to overcome this problem, a large amount of ecodesign
practitioners and academics has developed simplified methods and tools to assess
the environmental impacts in the product life cycle. In this context, the main goal
of this study is to discuss the use of full-scale and simplified LCA in product
development process context and present an overview of the so called simplified
LCA, obtained during a systematic literature review on ecodesign methods and
tools.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Simplified Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), ecodesign, Product
Development Process (PDP)
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Automotive Sector: Case Study in an Exhaust Valve Producer
LOPES SILVA, D. A. (UFSCar); OLIVEIRA, J. A. (UNESP); SILVA, E. J.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: Depending on the production sector and type of product, the environmental impacts of products placed on the market may be more significant outside the "factory-gate", i.e., those impacts may be more associated with the upstream and/or downstream life cycle stages of manufacturing. This is the case in many automotive industries, where environmental impacts of vehicles and their components show more significant contributions during the use phase compared to the manufacturing. Thus, this article aims to contribute to further research involving Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in the automotive sector, focusing on the case involving the production of exhaust valves in Brazil. For this, a LCA was applied in a cradle-to-grave perspective of exhaust valves, and the results indicated that more than 90% of the impacts are due to the use phase of the product in vehicle engines. Thirteen midpoint impact categories were evaluated, including global warming potential, particulate matter formation potential, and human toxicity potential. Finally, suggestions for improvement were proposed to minimize part of the environmental hotspots identified in the study.
Keywords: Environmental Management. Sustainable Production. Automotive Industry. Life Cycle Management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Life Cycle Assessment of Biobutanol Production Integrated to Sugarcane Biorefineries in Brazil
PEREIRA, L. G.; CHAGAS, M. F; DIAS, M. O. S.; CAVALETT, O.; BONOMI, A. (CTBE/CNPEM)
|
Abstract: New sugarcane biorefinery routes considering the integral use of biomass have become more important to
the
strategic objectives of the bioenergy production expansion in Brazil, especially for diversifying and
adding value to
the sugarcane production chain. Among these new products, biobutanol has been increasingly investigated, mostly
for its use as a fuel, since its energy density is
greater than that of ethanol, but also to replace an established use
as feedstock in the chemical industry. In view of the new green chemistry technological routes development, it
becomes interesting and necessary assessing the viability of the butanol production from sugarcane. In
this study,
the sugarchemical route characterized by the fermentation of sugarcane juice was evaluated using the Life Cycle
Asessment method considering arrangements for the process integration in the existing Brazilian sugarcane
biorefineries: first and second generation using ABE fermentation (acetone-butanol-ethanol) with wild
and
genetically modified strains. The evaluation approach took into account the whole production chain, from the
agricultural stage, through the transportation of sugarcane and vinasse, to the industrial process of
biobutanol
production and its use as liquid fuel for transport. The software package SimaPro and the CML 2 Baseline 2000
v2.05 method were used as tools for the environmental impact assessment. The life cycle inventories were
obtained from literature and mass and energy balances taken from process computer simulation. Results
showed
that butanol produced from the lignocellulosic material (cane bagasse and straw) presents lower environmental
impacts compared to first generation scenarios evaluated. As well as previous biofuels production assessment studies have already pointed out, the agricultural
stage is the most relevant to the total environmental impacts in
the butanol case. Nevertheless, the use of water, enzyme, equipment (carbon steel), and the emissions
from the
bagasse combustion could be highlighted as the most
important in terms of environmental impacts for the
industrial stage. Results for the productivity per
tonne of sugarcane in first generation scenarios indicate that the
efficiency of the ABE fermentation process needs to
be improved so biobutanol could turn into an economic viable
alternative. The production of second generation biobutanol, on the other hand, could be a viable alternative for
the integral use of biomass adding value to the sugarcane production chain. Its analysis accounting for production
and use as liquid fuel for transportation has shown
that results are at the same level as the impacts
related to
ethanol from sugarcane, presenting advantage if compared with gasoline in terms of global impacts, such as
global warming and ozone depletion potentials. Nevertheless, categories related to local impacts such as
eutrophication and acidification potentials presented higher values for butanol in comparison with gasoline.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, butanol, sugarcane, biorefinery
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Life Cycle Assessment of Cleaner Electricity Generation Systems: An Analysis of Scientific Production
BARROS, M. V.; PIEKARSKI, C. M.; SALVADOR, R. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The search for electricity cleaner production has become a research and development item in several countries. There are demands for investments, developments of new technologies and knowledge generation about the environmental performances of different sources of electricity generation. Thus, this work aims to perform a systematized theoretical analysis of scientific research on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of electric power generation systems. The systematized theoretical analysis was constructed using Methodi Ordinatio method. The criteria for theoretical analysis were: keywords ("LCA + Electric* Mix*", "LCA + Electric* Energy + Life Cycle Assessment + Energy Production"), author, year, country, university, periodic, JCR, number of citations and Methodi Ordinatio. After the application of the method 26 articles were selected for discussion. that the results show that there is a higher incidence of articles published in European countries. Among the main evaluation methods used are the ReCipe, CML, Impact 2002+, CED. Another highlight is that the studies show that wind energy has one of the lowest environmental impact indexes in its generation compared to other sources according to the articles addressed. In some countries, cleaner sources are promising due to their capacity to generate electricity through locations with high wind rates and high sunlight capture. In this way, the results can be used in public policies, development actions and incentives of different energy matrices and contribute to the scientific literature on LCA and electric power generation.
Keywords: LCA, Electricity, Environmental performance, Energy matrix
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Life Cycle Assessment of Composite Wood-Based Panels: Case Study in OSB
FERRO, F. S.; BRUGNERA, R. R.; SILVA, D. A. L.; ROCCO LAHR, F. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The use of wood panels hasgrown in Brazil, and one panel that could be highlights is the OSB (Oriented Strand Board), which could replaces, in many cases, the plywood.At the same time, is also growing environmental concerns related to products, from it manufactured, use and disposal.Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an important technique for environmental assessment of entire products life cycle, inholistically way.Thus, combining the increasing of OSB use and environmental concerns, this study makes an LCA crade-to-gate for OSB panels. The aim of this study was to identify the main potential environmental impacts related to the OSB manufacture in laboratory scale and to propose some opportunities for environmental improvements to their life cycle.The functional unit as well as the flow reference adopted was 1m³ of uncoated OSB manufacture. For the environmental impacts assessment, it was used the EDIP-97 method for 12 impact categories.The LCA results indicated that theLaboratory Manufacture stage was responsible for the greatest environmental impacts (from 0.38% to photochemical ozone formation to 100.00% for ozone depletion, and 100.00% for Ecotoxicity by air), and was also where there are the largest consumption of renewable resources and energy. Finally, based on the identified environment hotspot, environmental improvements have been suggested for the OSB panellife cycle manufacture.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment (LCA), Oriented Strand Board (OSB), environmental performance, environmental impact
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Life Cycle Assessment of Metalic Structures
COELHO, M. B. O. (EESC); BRANDÃO M. S. (ESALQ)
|
Abstract: A life cycle assessment is a method that helps to identify the magnitude of the environmental impact of a
product within their chain of production and consumption. The results of this evaluation may be usefulin
designing strategies for more sustainable use of natural resources. This work studied the life cycle of steel
structures of a company from São Paulo, Reccom Industrial Equipment during the ministry of matter
Engineering Product Lifecycle, taught by Professor
Aldo Roberto Ometto the University of São Paulo - São Carlos . It was found that the production of the same could be revisited is the realization of a project to
minimize waste production, or through a system of reverse logistics or implementing actions CP (Cleaner
Production), thus making more sustainable products.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, environmental impact, case study, metallic structures
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Life Cycle Assessment of Steel Framing Wall Systems: Hotspots for Environmental Improvements and Possible Trade-offs
BUENO, C.; ROSSIGNOLO, J. A.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: Purpose: Identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of
steel framing wall systems by evaluating their main
emissions contributing to impact categories, and identifying
hotspots for environmental improvements and the possible trade-offs.
Methods: The research is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of steel framing wall systems
performed
by the authors. The processes that have demonstrated higher contribution to environmental impacts were
identified in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) phase using the methodology ReCiPe and a detailed analysis was carried out on the mitigation strategies and possibilities of trade-offs.
Results and Conclusions: The highest potential impacts in the life cycle of the steel framing wall systems can be
attributed mainly to emissions coming from the production of steel and fiber cement in most part of the
categories. However the highest contributions have
shown to come also from fiber wood production for the
categories Agricultural Land Occupation and from gyp
sum fiber board production for the category Particulate
Matter Formation. The results of this LCA study are
part of a major research on the comparative analysis of
different typologies of external wall systems, which aims to contribute to the creation of a life cycle database of
major building systems, to be used by the environmental certification of buildings.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Steel Framing Wall
Systems, Contribution Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Life Cycle Assessment of the production of biodiesel from the Seeds of Tabaco Solaris
CARVALHO, F. S.; FORNASIER, F.; LEITÃO, O.M.; SCHNEIDER, R. C. S.; MORAES, J. A. R.(UNISC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze the life cycle of the agricultural production of Seed Solaris for purposes of obtaining biodiesel in the region of Santa Cruz do Sul. Mainly in this municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, there is a high tobacco production aiming at obtaining leaves to be used in the manufacture of cigarettes. Solaris tobacco, known as energetic, has been installed in experimental farming and has an agricultural production similar to conventional tobacco. In this sense, we performed the evaluation of the stage of seed production using Life Cycle Analysis and thus, recognizing, during the stage of experimental crops, what can be improved in the production to reduce the environmental impact. The work was done taking into account the resources needed to obtain 1kg of seed as a functional unit in the SimaPro 8.5 software, using the Ecoinvent 3.4 database, and the ReCiPe 1.06 evaluation method in the hierarchical perspective, other methods were also used for comparison purposes. It has been found that compared to other biodiesel production lifecycle assessment initiatives, it is understood that producing Solaris tobacco seed biodiesel leads to similar impacts to those identified with other crops, with total damage to the production of 1 kg of Solaris tobacco oil biodiesel of 1.07E-05 Daly, 7,13E-08 species.yr and 1,42E + 01 $, for categories related to human health, ecosystem and natural resources, respectively.
Keywords: Energetic Tobacco, Solaris, LCA, LCIA, SimaPro.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Life Cycle Assessment of Wardrobe Made of Medium Density Particleboard (MDP)
SILVA, D. A. L.; IRITANI, D. R.; GRAEL, P. F. F.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to assess the environmental performance of a wardrobe made of medium density particleboard
and propose environmental improvements focused on life cycle perspective. The Life Cycle Assessment technique
was used based on ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, which has the following phases: Goal and Scope Definition,
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and Interpretation. The life cycle considered in
this study was cradle-to-gate type which comprises
obtaining raw materials, manufacturing and distribution of the
wardrobe. The functional unit was 40 kg of stored goods for 5 years and the reference flow defined was
one unit of
wardrobe. The life cycle modeling was conducted in
GaBi software, version Education 4.4, based on attributional
modeling and EDIP-97 method was used for LCIA phase, including normalization step. The results shows that the
most significant environmental impacts occur in obtaining raw materials and distribution of the wardrobe steps,
and the categories of environmental impacts most relevant were Human Toxicity, Global Warming and
Acidification, totaling 68,0% of total environmental impact of life cycle. The proposed actions for environmental
improvement aim to optimize product distribution through the use of cleaner fuels and reducing distances of
transport routes. Furthermore, a additional study was recommended to analyze and optimize the MDP panel
consumption, for example, combining its use with alternative materials.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental performance, Sustainability, Medium Density Particleboard (MDP),
Environmental Impact
|
Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Systems for Conventional Activated Sludge and UASB Reactor followed by Activated Sludge
RESENDE, J. D., RODRIGUES, P.F.M.A., PACCA, S. A., NOLASCO, M. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Concern about the environmental dimension of sustainability has gained increasing importance in society, however, studies that make a comparative analysis of the technological wastewater treatment alternatives in the design stage of the treatment systems still show up incipient and restricted with regard to the to the consideration of environmental variables in decision making. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) a tool initially designed for the analysis of the environmental performance of products, has been very efficient to evaluate the potential environmental impact of sewage treatment plants. In this context, in the present work, the Life Cycle Assessment tool was used in order to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of two sewage treatment systems: conventional activated sludge and UASB reactor followed by activated sludge. The modeling of systems and calculations involved in the evaluation of the impact of the life cycle have been achieved by the use of OpenLCA software, in order to be identified the most significant environmental issues and make a comparison of the environmental performance of the systems. Of the ten categories of the environmental impact evaluated by the CML method, LAC system showed worse environmental performance than UASB reactor followed by activated sludge system in eight of them. Through sensitivity analysis, it was found that for the impact categories acidification and marine ecotoxicity,the electricity required for aeration systems had a great influence on the results.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment; LCA; Conventional Activated Sludge System; UASB reactor; Sensitivity Analysis
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Systems Including Constructed Wetlands
RESENDE, J. D.; NOLASCO, M. A.; PACCA, S. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Decentralized wastewater treatment systems, although having some advantages in relation to centralized systems, also cause environmental impacts. This characteristic, must be taken into account in the selection of an alternative technology to treat wastewater or in propose improvements to existing systems. One of the tools that can be used to assess the environmental performance of wastewater treatment systems is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In this study, LCA was used in order to analyze and compare the potential environmental impacts of two configurations of decentralized wastewater treatment systems involving constructed wetlands. The constructed wetlands studied were built using two distinct materials: fiberglass and brick masonry. The modeling of systems and calculations involved in the assessing of the life cycle impacts were realized through the use of openLCA software. The impact assessment method used for the categories of terrestrial acidification, climate change, eutrophication of fresh water, formation of photochemical oxidants, formation of particulate matter and freshwater depletion was the ReCiPe method. The results showed that the potential impacts related to the use of masonry with bricks for the construction of the systems are greater than the potential impacts related to the use of fiber of glass for all impact categories studied.
Keywords: LCA, Life Cycle Assessment, constructed wetlands, ReCiPe, OpenLCA
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Life Cycle Impact Assessment Panels Obtained from Green Coconut Husk
FREIRE, A. L. F. (UECE); FIGUEIRÊDO, M. C. B.; ROSA, M. F. (EMBRAPA); ARAÚJO JÚNIOR, C. P. (UFCE)
|
Abstract: This study evaluates the environmental impact of coconut husk panel with dimensions 11 cm x 11 cm x 5 mm with a mass of 0.071 kg, density 1.29 g / cm3, whereas their life cycle. The product system comprises the processes: opening the coconut, husk processing, transportation of raw material (dust and fiber), energy production and panel production. The panel production is a macro process unit comprises the following processes: sieving the powders and kiln-drying, grinding fiber, fiber oven drying, and pressing of the panel. The impacts were evaluated by the CML method (2001), for the categories: depletion of abiotic resources, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, depletion of the ozone layer and human toxicity. The results indicate the panel pressing as the largest contributor to the analyzed impact categories. The production of electrical energy required in the press is responsible for these impacts. The processing of the bark contributed 71% to the eutrophication category, given the high organic content of the effluents. The transport contributed 18.9% of impacts on acidification categories and depletion of abiotic resources by truck operation and fuel use. The results show three critical points: Energy consumption in the panel pressing stage, transportation of raw materials and the effluents generated in the processing step of the shell. To improve the environmental performance of the panel suggests to evaluate: i) reduction of energy consumption in pressing, ii) and evaluation of wastewater reuse in irrigation of plants.
Keywords: Evaluation of the life cycle (LCA), environmental impact, green coconut husk panel
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Life Cycle Management for Plastic Waste Management: A Life Cycle Assessment of Polyethylene Bag in Thailand
TREENATE, P.; RUANGRIT, C.; CHAVALPARIT, O. (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok - Thailand)
|
Abstract: This study applied life cycle assessment method for the evaluating the environmental impact of post-consumer polyethylene bag for food packaging. The system boundary was defined as the cradle-to-grave which included the production of ethylene, HDPE, LDPE and LLDPE resins and plastic bag, transportation and end-of life management. The results showed that most of environmental impact came from polyethylene resins production and raw material acquisitions including the energy consumption as well. The Strategies for mitigating the environmental impact of polyethylene bag for food packaging in order to achieve sustainability should cover the life cycle management of plastic bag product. For the raw material consumption, bio-materials and recycled plastic resins should be considered for the substitution of virgin material. For the production system, the 3Rs concept should be utilized in all production stages in order to increase the resource efficiency. For the end-of-life management, plastic waste should be recovered as a fuel for the substitution of coal instead of the incineration of municipal solid waste or landfilling method. This option can minimize the impact of global warming and non-carcinogen potential as well.
Keywords: Plastic waste management; 3Rs policy; waste management law and legislation.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Linking Sanitation to Agriculture: Recycling Nutrients from Human Excreta in Food Production
CHRISPIM M. C.; SALINAS, D. P.; CANO, V.; NOLASCO, M. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Poor sanitation services and water scarcity have become a global issue and not only a problem relevant to arid zones. In addition, hunger and malnutrition, poverty and limited energy access that constrain the achievement of human wellbeing and economic growth are worldwide problems, including Brazil. Large conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants are often expensive to establish and difficult to operate. As a result many cities and villages in developing countries are unable to set up such facilities and operate them. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems have proved to be successful in many communities, particularly in peri-urban settlements in Asia and Africa. This approach is based on the principles of decentralization of responsability, simplification of technology and the focus is on recycling the waste and nutrients.
Keywords: Human urine, ecological sanitation, unfertilized soil, urban agriculture, permaculture
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Los Residuos Agrícolas y Cañeros como Alternativa Energética del Presente y del Futuro
P. F. Beltrán, J. B. C. Martínez, J. R. F. Veja, I. F. Acea, A. S. Medina, V. Mencia (UCf-Cuba)
|
Abstract: This work presents biomasses uniaxial deformation experiments in a cylindrical matrix, and
mathematical models of the biomasses physical behaviour are obtained.
These models were very useful in the design of hydraulic briquettes- molders.
The results in the production of tubular are relevant. Thus, the technical and economical
standards of these briquettes are equal or superior to those appearing in the specialized
literature for the technology in question.
The higher effectiveness of the tubular briquettes over the solid ones has been demonstrated
theoretically and practically in the cases of thermochemical processes and transformation of
biomasses. This is feasible for biomasses coming from not wooden waste, and which
geometrical dimensions have been conveniently modified.
It is important to highlight the sources and conditions of the waste used. It is obtained
mainly as a result of the agricultural processes and the sugar cane industry. This waste is
often found in the harvest fields or recollection centres at a humidity between 12-20%. The
levels of humidity cannot be easily reduced, since there are serious difficulties to create the
technical and technological infrastructure that the improvement of these conditions requires.
Because of the briquettes- molder adaptability and mobility, the hydraulic densification
technology is the most viable alternative to address the above stated problem. They can be
taken to the diverse places where the biomasses are located.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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M - O |
Management of Aspects and Environmental Impacts in the Production and Transport of Chemical Products: Study of Case
J. A. Kaercher; S. R. Allebrandt; J. A. R. Moraes; E. L. Machado (UNISC)
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Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate and provide improvements in environmental performance in a company production line located 100 km from Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil, manufacturer and carrier of chemicals. For this, the GAIA method was applied to evaluate the management aspects and environmental impacts. The proposed method was to offer the organization a management tool to improve the its environmental performance, as the focus of GAIA is to develop a critical awareness in the people who make up the organization of the raw material waste levels and inputs of production process and the effects on the environment and people. The method consisted of applying a questionnaire, which was the basis for suggestions for improvement, and the most significant would be the adequacy of the filling and handling of products, the risk of leaks occur and generation of gases, causing contamination of soil, water, air and people.
Keywords: Method GAIA, environment, environmental aspects, environmental impacts, continuous improvement
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Management of the Use of Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production: A Case Study McDonald's
T. N. Lopes, V. A. Belo (Unicastelo), A. Formigoni, E. F. Rodrigues, I. P. A. Campos (UNIP)
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Abstract: In view of the currently rising awareness on the sustainability and environmental questions on
the part of the general public, the present work reflects on the importance of implementing an
Environmental Management System, both as an image improving iniciative, and as a source of
financial return, for the companies that decide to take this step, and as a source of
environmental benefits for both the company itself and the society it exists within. A case-study
was performed to investigate the actuality of those concepts, focusing on the fast-food services
sector, McDonald's having been selected as a very representative large company in this sector,
which, therefore, presents the ideal conditions for the application of environmental management
techniques, in view of the high volume of residues it generates. Hence, the present state of the
solution McDonald's has implemented for its management of used cooking oil, which nowadays is
integrally converted to biodiesel, in particular, and its policy for residue management, in general,
are described and discussed herein.
Keywords: Environmental management, sustainability, biodiesel from organic residues
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Management of the Use of Vegetable Oils in Order to Restaurant Cleaner Production
R. C. S. Schneider; E. Santos; R. A. Klamt; E. L. Machado (UNISC)
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Abstract: The process of frying is an operation that provides characteristics of scent, flavor, color and
texture to food. The oil can become an ingredient capable of introducing chemical changes
provoked by a lingering warming. This work has the objective to develop strategies of
management of the use of vegetable oils in restaurants through opportunities of PML, viewing
the minimization of consumption of energy and raw materials, and the reuse of waste for the
production of biofuels. In this work, it was studied the soybean oil used in frying of immersion in
two restaurants, viewing to evaluate in what conditions the oil used for frying is discarded and
relating these conditions with its use as raw material for the production of biodiesel. As a result,
materials with different degrees of oxidation and contaminant material were obtained, and it was
identified that the oil that was discarded after being used for too long can be inadequate for
feeding animals, and for this reason they are collected in restaurants of the region, and they
demand more care for the production of biodiesel. From the monitoring of production activities
of the restaurants, stages in the preparation of food with higher consumption of raw materials
and generation of waste were identified, and based on approaches of a cleaner Production it was
developed a prognosis to minimize environmental impacts.
Keywords: Biodiesel; frying oil, PML, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Managing I/O material flows in industrial processes – A key step towards sustainable production
P. J. Partidário; J. M. Figueiredo (INETI - Lisbon-Portugal)
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Abstract: Industrial wastes consist of unused resources in the production process, which create costs and no added value. Measuring input-output material flows at a company level is therefore crucial for waste prevention, which is a key path towards higher resources productivity. Waste prevention strategies focus in particular on reducing or eliminating undesired waste streams, and managing by-products within the production process, rather than treatment and disposal approaches. In the long run, prevention strategies are more cost-effective and environmentally sound than conventional pollution control approaches. Waste prevention strategies apply to any manufacturing process and range from relatively easy operational changes and good housekeeping practices to more extensive changes such as replacing input materials, fine tuning or replacing equipment, or even making use of state-of-art technology.
This paper provides insights on the development and testing of a toolbox for the inventory and management of waste flows looking forward to implementing a ‘zero waste’ strategy. Twelve case studies selected within seven Portuguese industrial branches were explored. The toolbox included an activity based costing methodology, as well as detailed process mapping and material balances used at company level to measure resource flows and undesired waste streams, and thus to fix optimisation targets by integrating waste prevention into business strategies.
In each company, empirical results showed: a) The usefulness of the approach; b) how powerful waste prevention is providing strategic inputs for decision taking (a hierarchy built on a economic and environmental basis); c) how critical operating conditions are, and therein both branch or company’s culture, in order to influence the implementation of waste prevention initiatives.
Main conclusions drawn from those case studies enable to propose both: a) at a micro level, new options for strategic improvement; b) at a macro level, hypotheses about how public policies may address waste prevention and about the diffusion of eco-efficiency in those industrial branches in order to pave the way towards sustainable production.
Keywords: Manufacturing, strategy, performance-measure(s), methodology, innovation
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Mapping Drivers and Inhibitors Factors for the Integration of Stakeholders in the Development of Green Products Innovation
CARA, J. M.; D’AGOSTIN, A.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F. (UPF - Brazil); RIBEIRO, J. L .D. (UFRGS - Brazil)
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Abstract: The present study aimed, through a systematic review of the literature, identify drivers and inhibitors for the integration of stakeholders in the developing process of environmentally sustainable products. From the 37 articles selected, it was mapped that both internal and external resources tend to facilitate or hinder the process of integration and collaboration between companies and stakeholders in the development of green product innovations. The main drivers are the variables “joint development of resources and capacities”, “competitive advantage”, “non-linearity of processes”, “market and stakeholder pressures”, “organizational learning” and “commitment of managements”. As for the inhibitors, “knowledge socialization”, “initial costs” and “trust” are the variables with the highest frequency of citation in the articles analyzed. In addition to the listing factors, the article summarizes micro, meso and macroenvironment variables, relevant for implementation of integration and collaboration practices between company and stakeholders.
Keywords: Cross-functional collaboration; Sustainability; Product development; Eco-innovation.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Mapping for the Treatment of Electrical and Electronic Waste in a Higher Education Institution
RIBEIRO, K. A.; SANTOS, R. G.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; POMPONE, E. C. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: This paper aims to present and analyze the processes of treatment of technological waste from the activities of the area of information technology in a higher education institution. Therefore, interviews with the technical teams involved in these processes were conducted, with emphasis on the equipment and inputs used by the area of information technology. In this study, the policy developed for the asset management of the organization that deals with the life cycle of Information Technology equipment, from its acquisition to disposal was analyzed. It was possible to conclude that in this institution the treatment is carried out in accordance with the norms and regulations in force. In addition, it was verified that before discarding the product, donations are made to registered companies if the equipment is in operation. In the case of non-operating equipment, the components in good condition are removed and the remainder is discarded and withdrawn by specialized and governmentaccredited companies. The contribution of this paper is the presentation of the policy of use, update, reuse, donation and disposal of assets, and the mapping of the life cycle process of equipment and information technology inputs.
Keywords: Electrical and electronic equipment waste, Asset policy, Life cycle, Donation and disposal
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Mapping the Stockholm Vehicle Gas Supply Chain using Network Theory to Assess Local Upgraded Biogas Supply and Demand Relations
SANCHES-PEREIRA, A. (KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden/USP); LÖNNQVIST, T. (KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden); TUDESCHINI, L. G. (USP)
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Abstract: The paper uses Stockholm County as a case study to guide our analysis. The region not only concentrates the largest number of inhabitants in Sweden but also holds alone around 35% of the Swedish fleet of passenger cars using gas as fuel. The region’s potential vehicle gas demands are 460 GWh by 2020 and 1202 GWh by 2030. The methodological approach relies on Network Theory to guide the numerical analysis of the vehicle gas supply chain in the region. Our results indicates that local vehicle gas supply chain is a rigid structure that might be averse to new entrants such as new distribution companies but, at the same time, it offers opportunities for biogas producers. Distribution companies, especially those placed in the 1st-tier segment are averse to new entrants because they present high homophily and strong ties. Hence, they are more prone to maintain the network’s status quo since the Swedish vehicle gas market is not yet well developed, which results in a lack of multiple players, which leads to cluster formation.
Keywords: Biofuels, upgraded biogas, vehicle gas supply chain, network analysis, Stockholm County
[Abstract] [Paper]
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MAS: A Proposed Tool for Assessing the Sustainability
C. A. C. Guimarães, L. M. S. Campos (UFSC), G. Buso (Paripassú Florianópolis)
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Abstract: This article describes a tool called Map of Sustainability Assessment (MSA). This tool was
developed in order to find ways to assess the sustainability of the processes of a network of
company's customers in the food sector in nature. This tool aims to achieve a final grade of
sustainability and its dimensions in order to avoid risks and returns indicating progress or the
practices of their clients. Existing data from questionnaires submitted to hundreds of clients over
five years was used to draw the main results of this work. The article is descriptive and
exploratory, addressing a theoretical discussion of concepts used for the development of the tool.
The proposal also shows the methodology used and the results of a pre-test implementation
conducted by a customer of the company. Finally, the article shows some strengths and
weaknesses of the instrument and some aspects of implementation and development of the tool.
Keywords: Sustainability, assessment, indicators, tool, map
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Mass Balance of Wood Cut to Manufacturing Sofa Grid With Retractable Seat
LINS, P. S.; SILVA, C.; SOUSA, S.; RAPOSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA)
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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the production efficiency of wood cut for manufacturing sofa grid with retractable seat through mass balance. On the sofa manufacturing process there are three steps, namely: structure and strap; upholstery; and coating / assembly. The study was conducted in the wood cutting process in step on the structure and strap on a company in the furniture industry of the State of Alagoas. The result showed 25.86% loss material; waste of one plank and a half every 6 tablets of 3 meters long acquired for the production and financial loss.
Keywords: Mass balance, productive efficiency, wood cut, retractable sofa
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Matter study case: the present situation of recycle selective of sorocaba city and study for partners between zone factories to more cleaning production
M. Carvalho; M. Lopes; G. Simões (UNIP)
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Abstract: The organizations need the maximization of their profits and life time. The consciences that the
factory is involved in big environment, in the biosphere, it is almost none, such as the moment, in
any time, the changes cause though its activities, in biosphere, influenced in results. The most of
parts of bibliography, materials logistics, will be treat with some perspective of supply efficiency
and the collaborative relation with some factories of productive chain, so this subject was mapped
exhaustively in the Supply Chain Management. Increasing the studies in the materials production
area and power consumption, we enter in the universe of Cleaning Production. This task has been
main goals analyze in Sorocaba environment that is state of recycle´s selective collective. The
second goal is to start a macro exploratory study with some industries residues discard in the main
productive chains for futures studies and give some solutions that take advantage for everyone.
Involving the Executive, the factories and the organized society. The principal results prove in the
big progress of recycling with City Hall supports, in the recycling cooperatives. For that some
industries residues should be start serious study, because some residues could be reutilized how
prime substance for others industries. So if you have in a detail studies could be contribute for
improving the process and eco-design.
Keywords: Management environmental, recycling, clearing production
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
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Meaningful work: a review of an organizational change towards health and well-being at work
BELLA, R. L. F.; QUELHAS, O. L. G.; FERRAZ, F. T.; HECKSHER, S. D. (UFF - Brazil); ANHOLON, R. (UNICAMP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article aims to present a literary review of workplace spirituality as an approach for meaningful work. This topic has been discussed in regards to organizational changes by journals. As the authors discuss spirituality, it may be noted that this topic is about a tendency of the last generation of workers seeking more meaningful labor. However, job satisfaction cannot be measured only by financial returns and growth opportunities for recent workers. Old working objectives were replaced by new work objectives that could increase the experience of meaningful work. In this article the preview literature about workplace spirituality was reviewed with the objective of finding the main work attributes that support this new perspective for job satisfaction. A systematic literature review was done to identify the key work attributes and propose a job satisfaction diagnostic instrument in order to attend new jobs’ expectations. The diagnostic instrument was based on Kano’s Model, which maps the workers’ satisfaction level related to the work attributes. It is expected that the proposal of this instrument contribute to the organizational efforts of developing more health and well being in workplaces through job satisfaction.
Keywords: meaningful work; organizational changes; health and well-being.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Mechanistic Study of the Fenton and Cupro-Fenton Reactions by Voltammetric Analysis in situ
L. C. Friedrich (USP), C. L. P. S. Zanta (UFAL), A. Machuleck Jr (UFMS), F. H. Quina (USP)
|
Abstract: Although Fe(II) exhibits a high initial rate of degradation, the degradation is not complete
due to he formation of compounds refractory to the hydroxyl radical. In the presence of
Cu(II), the degradation is lower, but results in a greater reduction of TOC at the end of the
reaction (t = 120min). The addition of Cu(II) ions classical Fenton reaction (Fe(II) plus H2O2
at pH 3) is found to accelerate the degradation of organic compounds. This synergic effect
causes an approximately 15% additional reduction of the TOC. Voltammetric studies confirm
the catalytic role of catechol in the presence of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I). Addition of
aliphatic acids to the reaction medium, did not interfere with the cupro-Fenton reaction, but
had an inhibitory effect on the classical Fenton reaction, consistent with the following order
of interaction with the ion Fe(III): Oxalic Acid (OA) >> Formic Acid (FA) ~ Acetic acid (AA).
Keywords: Phenol, ions Cupper and Fenton reaction
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Megacity Food-Energy-Water Pathway Analysis Based on a Systems Thinking Dynammic Circular Economy Calculator
JINGYAN XUE; GENGYUAN LIU (BNU - China); CASAZZA, M. (Parthenope University of Naples - Italy)
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Abstract: Circular economy is regarded as a policy for fulfilling the sustainable development which has been implemented for 9 years by the government in many cities of China. Chinese circular economy view insists to overcome the dilemma between the economic depression and energy shortage in the nationwide. However, a circular economy may have a different flavor in different megacities, depending on geographic, environmental, economic or social factors. Besides, few literatures contribute to checking the efficiency of current circular economy policies, especially in the aspect of regional wide, which will be practically helpful in guiding China’s future development. In this paper, we proposed an Urban Circular Economy Calculator based on a full Excel version emergy-based urban dynamic model, which is a feasible approach to help the policy-makers create circular economy pathway under different food-energy-water (FEW) policies. The scenario analysis approach has been used in this Urban Circular Economy Calculator to illustrate a greener economy under alternative assumptions of the FEW Circular Economy policy. What’s more, long-term simulation will be provided by the calculator to test the trajectories of Circular Economy policy effects under the assumptions of the associated levels. Taking Beijing city as a case, the impact of different circular economy policies can be observed by using real scientific data. This model can be applied to other cities as well in the light of their actual situation respectively. In that case, suggestions on regional management, which make sure our cities achieve friendly and sustainable development over a long period of time can be proposed for our government accordingly.
Keywords: Emergy analysis, Urban dynamic model, Circular economy, Food-Energy-Water (FEW) policies, Scenario analysis
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Metal Removal in a Sewage Treatment System by Slow Filter
A. S. Melo Júnior, S. Moreira, D. M. Roston, J. E. Paternianni (UNICAMP), P. J. G. Ferreira, M. Wagner (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The survey aimed to measure the degree of heavy metal removal in a pilot wastewater
treatment by slow sand filtration using the technique Synchrotron Radiation Total of X-Ray
Reflection Fluorescence (SR-TXRF). The slow sand filtration is a relatively simple process
where the removal of chemical residues in organic and biological materials occurs through
the passage of sewage by means of textural differences. The filter consists of a filter with
sand and gravel of different sizes in order of decreasing porosity. The use of slow sand
filtration has great relevance to conservation of water resources. The pilot treatment system
was installed in the experimental field of Agricultural Engineering College, UNICAMP,
consisting of barrels (60 L) containing sand and gravel with different particle sizes. Samples
were collected weekly for 16 weeks. The samples were collected in the influent and effluent
system, detected the following chemicals: P, S, Cl, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn in almost all samples.
The maximum concentration of Fe was 5,66 mg.L-1 input and 1,54 mg.L-1 in output, while for
the Zn concentration was 1,68 mg.L-1 and 0,73 mg.L-1 input and output, respectively. For
the element Cr values were 0,250 mg.L-1 in input while the output was 0,11 mg.L-1. For the
K variations in input and output were 41,80 and 28,40 mg.L-1, respectively, showing an
efficiency of 78,10% na the removal of this element. Thus it was concluded that the removal
efficiency was high for most elements detected, which proved the feasibility of this
technology for the removal of metals present in domestic sewage.
Keywords: Slow sand filtration, metals, total reflection, environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Method for Data Collection and Analysis of Environmental Performance Assessment Inmetal Mechanic Industries
ANTUNES, C. V.; UGAYA, C. M. L. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The Metal Mechanic industry stands out for relevance in the economy and the broad scope, including metallurgy,
manufacture of metal products and machinery manufacturing. In view of the inputs used and waste generated
during industrial processes, there is an important
cause of environmental impacts. A methodology to reduce
environmental impacts in the production process is
the Cleaner Production (CP). Therefore, it is necessary to
identify what the root causes of these impacts. In
this context, both the CP as well as the environmental standard
ISO 14001, in item 4.3.1 titled Environmental Aspects, states that the organization should establish procedures to
identify the environmental aspects of activities, products and services within the defined scope of the
environmental management system. Moreover, both not
recommend or determine a specific method geared to
this purpose. Moreover, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a technique used to evaluate the environmental impact
of products, depends on data of each process from extraction to product disposal and Frischknecht et al (2007)
present a consistent collection data along this chain processes. Thus, in order to optimize data collection by
organizations for environmental assessments, it is
suggested that both the implementation of the CP as the ISO
14001, use the form of data collection in ACV. In this paper we present a case study in manufacturing
products of
the metalworking industry, demonstrating the viability of this proposal.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Life Cycle Assessment, Environment, Sustainability
|
Methodological Inconsistencies from Greenhouse Gas Estimations in the Brazilian Electricity Matrix
MEDEIROS, D. L. ; OLIVA, S. T.; KIPERSTOK, A (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Concern about climate change is moving actions in both directions: adaptation to possible disasters that may occur and mitigation of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions.
In order to control such emissions is necessary to
measures
them accurately at first. The present study examined the concept of carbon footprint, emission GHG factors
resulting from sector generation and distribution of electricity in the country available in the literature, the
difference between scopes of analysis for the same
product (electricity) and some practical implications. It was
found that depending on the scope of analysis adopted the emission factor varied considerably, and within the
same scope variations were also realized. Regarding
the scope of approach, it was concluded that both
are
necessary: Scope 1 is indicated for the environment
al management of businesses and Scope 3 for the preparation
of environmental labeling of products. Moreover, there is a need for transparency with respect to the
data source
or the basis of calculation used in some cases and
discrimination of the method adopted, if Scope 1, 2
or 3.
Keywords: Greenhouse Gases, Carbon Footprint, Electricity, Scope, Life Cycle Assessment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Microorganisms Growth Rate Evaluation and Proposal of Model for Biomass Production of Haematococcus pluvialis
R. M. Galvão, T. S. Santana, C. H. O. Fontes, E. A. Sales (UFBA)
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Abstract: The use of microalgae for production of biofuels has been pointed by many researchers as
essential to reduce the emissions of gases that cause global warming. Microalgae cultivation can
act in the process of CO2 sequestration and the biomass formed can be used to replace fossil
fuels. Thus, the interest in optimization of the microalgae cultivation is not only in high added
value products but also in the formation of biofuels. This paper presents a study the growth of
microalga Haematococcus pluvialis considering light conditions equal to 10000 lux, temperature
298 ± 1 K and pH in the range 7-9. The formation of biomass was evaluated by an exponential
model where the parameters were adjusted in order to describe the growth of the microalgae
over time.
Keywords: Biomass of microalge, growth rate, Haematococcus pluvialis, modeling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Mineralogical and Leaching Characteristics of Beneficiated Coals
CIVEIRA, M. S.; RAMOS, C. G.; TAFFAREL, S. R.; OLIVERIA, M. L. S. (La Salle Universitary Center)
|
Abstract: Petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical studies have been carried out on beneficiated coal products from mines and preparation plants in the Santa Catarina Basin, southern Brazil, to investigate the range of characteristics exhibited by the materials and the potential impact of their stockpiling and storage on the environment. The coals contain varying proportions of vitrinite and inertinite macerals, and have vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 0.44 to 1.38%. With the exception of one material blended with peat from an external source, they have relatively high percentages of ash (30–58%) and mineral matter (36–66%). The mineral matter consists mainly of clay minerals (kaolinite, illite and illite/smectite), together with 15–25% quartz, up to 10% feldspar, up to 5% calcite and/or dolomite and up to 5% pyrite, and around 1% anatase and/or rutile. Most of the trace elements in most of the coals have higher concentrations than average values for world coals generally, probably due to the relatively high mineral matter content. A lower-ash product representing a blend of coal and peat has similar to lower concentrations of most elements, but higher concentrations of B, Ba, Be, Cd, Ge and Mn, which may be associated with the peat component. Interaction of relatively fresh coals with water in laboratory tests produces leachates with near-neutral to mildly acid pH values, but leaching of oxidized, jarositebearing coal produces a strongly acid leachate, with higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn. Leachates derived from coals in which the pyrite has been oxidized during storage would thus be expected to have a more adverse environmental impact than leachates derived from coals in which such oxidation has not had an opportunity to develop.
Keywords: Coal petrology, Mineral matter, Trace elements, Leaching, Environmental impact
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Minimization of Foundry Sand Generation Using Tools From the Cleaner Production Program
C. B. Maciel (Tecnoambi); C. A. M. Moraes (UNISINOS); C. E. Teixeira (UCS); I. A. Schneider (UFRGS)
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Abstract: The metal casting process generates several kinds of solid wastes, where the used foundry sand
is the main one and most of it is generated during the check out of the solid metallic parts from
the molds. The increase of the solid waste deposition costs, the creation of specific
environmental legislation, and the low environmental performance of end of pipe technologies
have brought efforts in the development of more effective solutions. The waste minimization
means to change paradigms, because it constitutes a new concept of environmental
management based on the principle of prevention of pollutant generation, and the reduction of
the solid waste amounts being treated or disposed. Based on the cleaner production
methodology tools, the present work evaluated the process of metal casting focusing in the
minimization of the solid waste used sand generation from the Foundry Company Metalcorte
Metalurgia Ltda, suggesting minimization opportunities for this waste. It was also considered
some environmental, technical and economical aspects, which are important to choose the best
opportunities to be implemented. The suggested opportunities have several levels of complexity.
Some of them may be implemented immediately, while others require research development to
become viable considering technical, economical and environmental aspects, depending on the
type of opportunity, such as regeneration of used molding sand, reutilization processes, and the
substitution of materials, which generate toxic gases. The implementation times are variable and
an implementation chronogram can be elaborated, focusing those ones which can be
implemented in a short and medium term. On the other hand, the long term alternatives need
more profoundly studies. It must be emphasized that from the 19 opportunities studied in this research, 9 are low cost opportunities and can be easily implemented by the company in a short
term. The foundry sand waste presents a good potentiality of minimization accordingly the
extensive list of opportunities which were identified. At the same time, considering the
complexity of metal casting processing and also the methodology developed by UNIDO-CNTL,
the implementation of a cleaner production program in this kind of company needs investigation
like the one presented here to stimulate the company managers for applying efforts to waste
generation prevention, using effective and viable tools to search the sustainable development in
this industrial sector.
Keywords: Metal casting, used sand, minimization, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Minimization of Mass Flow in District Heating Network Equipped with One Stage Domestic Hot Water Production Substations
ŻARSKI K. (University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz-Poland)
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Abstract: The paper presents the possibilities of decreasing
the mass flow in district heating system supplying
district
heating substations for residential buildings. In majority of district heating system in Western, Eastern and Central
Europe the type of district heating substation with
two stages of domestic hot water preparing is deeply rooted.
The main aim of the paper is to show lack of arguments for grounds to use this technical solution in contemporary
district heating networks. On the basis of computer
simulation, the possibilities of decrease the mass
flow and
electrical energy consumption in heating (power) plant
have been presented.
Keywords: District heating system, domestic hot water, DHW priority, energy saving
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Mitigating actions for the Drug Industry in the Comarca de Londrina-PR, Brazil: Environmental Impact of Waste Dump in Water Bodies
I. D. Zapparoli, M. R. G. da Camara, C. Beck (UEL)
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Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse the consequences of disposing of pharmaceuticals in water
bodies in the city of Londrina, in the light of the economic theory of the environment. The
study focuses on the analysis on the impact of pharmaceutical industry production, in
particular the Group antibiotics and hormones and its different forms of disposition in the
environment. The research makes a cut for the processes used in sewage treatment plants
(ETE), proposing measures that solve problem for some processes already tested for drugs.
The results leads to the conclusion that the pharmaceutical industry has an important role in
the process of problem minimize making use of environmental management system (EMS),
evaluating control equipment and treatment system, elaborating programs dump of followup
and monitoring of impacts, making use of waste treatment centre (CTR) and reverse
logistics. The use of agricultural waste as bioadsorventes is efficient and economically viable
alternative, minimizing environmental impacts.
Keywords: Environmental impact, water bodies, pharmaceutical industry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Mitigation Evaluation Potential of Environmental Impacts Associated with Leds Recycling
SANCHEZ JUNIOR, O. (IPT - Brazil)
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Abstract: The growing demand for e-waste management studies has not found significant answers in the countries of South America, despite the increase in consumption of electrical and electronic equipment, in particular, for lighting services. This sector is responsible for the consumption of approximately 20% of the global electric energy and it is estimated that more than 15% of it already uses LED. It is evaluated that until 2030 the sector tends to be a great generator of electronic waste. It was studied the recycling routes of LED lighting products available to compare them with each other and with other destination processes, in order to identify potential opportunities to mitigate impacts associated with each one, in order to subsidize managers in their decisions. The LCA protocol was used to map the environmental impacts. We tried to use modeling with local databases, when available. The results point to significant differences in depression in the use of some materials (such as rare earths, germanium, gold and silver) and environmental impacts associated with the disposal of potentially toxic materials (such as arsenic, zinc, copper, nickel, lead, iron and silver). The results vary according to the route of separation and depending on the application niche of the product, since it involves different designs and use of different materials. It was concluded that the choice of route for recycling, compared to other destination processes, can mitigate environmental impacts, but can also generate design requirements for manufacturers of lighting products. These can make your products more environmentally sustainable.
Keywords: LED recycling, impact mitigation potential, recycling route, recycling in lighting.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Mitigation of Barriers to Implement Cleaner Production in a Small Metallurgical Company
OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; LEITE, R. R.; LUCATO, W.C.; SHIBAO, F. Y. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The Cleaner Production is an interesting approach to be applied in small and medium sized enterprises, providing viable alternatives for improvements in their manufacturing processes, generating both economic and environmental gains. It is a strategy that prevents environmental risks, allowing an increase in the efficiency of production processes, improving product quality and services. The aim of this study is to analyze if the opportunity to obtain economic performance with the adoption of Cleaner Production principles could motivate the managers of a small metallurgical company to deploy them. Specifically it aims to analyze the main barriers that affect the decision of implementing cleaner production and assess the possible economic and environmental advantages that this company could get. A case study using semi-structured interviews and analysis of data through environmental and economic evaluation was developed. For the environmental impact assessment it was applied the Mass IntensityFactor (MIF). The results showed that the economic, financial and technical barriers are the most striking ones. Furthermore, with the implementation of the Cleaner Production principles it was possible to reduce 83.8% of the losses in terms of water and oil consumption, resulting in cost savings of around 25%. This would make it possible toobtaineconomic gains for investment in machinery and equipment for reducing the environmental impact.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Barriers, Small and Medium Business, Economic and Environmental Advantage
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Mobile Computation to Contribute to Education and Sustainability
Case Study - COSTA, P. M.; MONTEIRO, R. L. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: A research conducted in the School of Architecture of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), sought tools to assess the environment of your campus, in Pampulha. In this research a mobile app and a website were developed to enable users to make georeferenced reports about the quality of the space. In addition, the research also sought the formation of a focused awareness of environmental education of his members, and the opportunity to achieve advances in citizenship, co-responsibility and sense of belonging of these people.
Keywords: Education, Ambiental, App, Citizenship
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
Model of analysis of Performance of Healthcare Waste (HW) Management by indicators, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
K. S. Ventura; L. F. R. Reis (USP - São Carlos-SP); Angela M. M. Takayanagui (USP - Ribeirão Preto-SP)
|
Abstract: Healthcare Waste (HW) management in Brazil has been discussed since last years, mainly by
RDC 306/2004 and Resolution Conama 358/2005, which laws require improvements in all stages
of this management (segregation, internal collection and packaging, external transport and
storage ), and give the responsibility of these wastes to theirs generators. The city of São Carlos
produce, monthly, about 20 tonnes of HW and, approximately, 50% come from Santa Casa of
São Carlos. The management of the realized procedures in this hospital was never evaluated
until now considering performance improvement. Investigated methods pointed to some
applications using performance indicators and these can be evaluated by Factorial Analyses (FA)
and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A framework of interview was elaborated containing 29
qualitative observation variables, which questions were applied to 98 employers in this hospital.
The obtained information were associated a different scales of response, according suggestions
of Saaty. The SAS and Statistica programs were used to generate several simulations by FA,
which results (performance indicators) were analyzed by experts. AHP method was used to
compare the indicators to both groups (workers and experts). This paper illustrated the
application of two different methods as analyze model to identify satisfactory performance
indicators to evaluate HW management in the health establishment.
Keywords: Performance indicators, healthcare waste, factorial analyses, AHP method, waste management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Modelling of a DR Shaft Operated with Pure Hydrogen Using a Physical-Chemical and CFD Approach
A. R. Costa (Institut Jean Lamour - Nancy, France); D. Wagner (Arcelor Mittal - Metz, France); F. Patisson (Institut Jean Lamour - Nancy, France)
|
Abstract: In an effort to develop breakthrough technologies which enable drastic reduction in CO2 emissions from steel industry (ULCOS project), the reduction of iron ore by pure hydrogen in a
Direct Reduction shaft furnace was investigated. After experimental and modelling studies, a 2D,
axisymmetrical steady-state model called REDUCTOR was developed to simulate a countercurrent
moving bed reactor in which hematite pellets are reduced by pure hydrogen. This model
is based on the numerical solution, by finite volume method, of the governing equations,
including continuity and local mass, energy and momentum balances of the gas and solid
species. A single-pellet sub-model was included in the furnace model to simulate the successive
reactions (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe) involved in the process, using the concept of additive
reaction times. The different steps of mass transport and possible iron sintering at the grain
scale were accounted for. The kinetic parameters were derived from reduction experiments
carried out in a thermobalance furnace, at different conditions, using small Fe2O3 cubes shaped
from industrial pellets. The results were extrapolated to full-size pellets taking into account the
size and shape effects. Solid characterizations (SEM, X-Ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry,
pycnometry and mercury porosimetry) were also carried out to further understand the
microstrutural evolution. The current version of REDUCTOR is suited to the reduction with pure
hydrogen, but an extension of the model to CO is planned so that it will also be adapted to the
simulation and optimisation of the current DR processes. First results have shown that the use of
hydrogen accelerates the reduction in comparison to CO reaction, making it possible to design a
hydrogen-operated shaft reactor quite smaller than current MIDREX and HYL.
Keywords: Direct reduction, hydrogen, shaft furnace, kinetics, mathematical model
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Modelling the Generation of Waste Electrical Household Appliances: Characterization of the Home Flow in the City of Campos-RJ
PESSANHA, L. P. M.; MORALES, G. (UENF)
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Abstract: The management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) or electronic waste (e-waste) has been a major concern for urban communities due to the large volumes of waste generated, from the end of the 20th century. In this context, this research seeks to collect important information for the implementation of an embracing and regular system of Reverse Logistics for WEEE in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. This information corresponds to an estimation of the potential of generating WEEE (such as, mobile phone, computers and tablets) in the city, characterizing the home flow and its peculiarities. Therefore, was proposed an estimation model based on the indicator of equipment present with the consumer The data required for this research were collected through the application of questionnaire to a representative and random sample in the city under study. It was observed that the results found support as decisions taken in the WEEE management system. It important to emphasize that this research was carried out under current sustainability considerations according to which Brazilian solid waste legislation is determined. The results are approximate as global estimates of the specific, researched electronic waste.
Keywords: Electronic waste, Reverse logistics, Generation models
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Modification of the Sour Cassava Starch Production Process to Improve Organic Acids in the Wastewater
V. Reginatto; D. Kurtz; M. J. A. Marcon; J. J. M. Xavier; V. M. Scussel; E. R. Amante (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Sour cassava starch is a very typical Brazilian product used as raw material in bakery products.
It is produced by a natural submerse fermentation, with about 20 cm of superficial water, during
a period of 45 – 60 days. However its manufacture produces the fermentation wastewater with
high organic matter content which is normally discharge in the environment. The chemical
composition of this wastewater is not very well known. However, many compounds present in
this wastewater could be commercially interesting. In this way could be cited the organic acids
formed during the fermentative process. Lactic, acetic and propionic acids have been used in
many kinds of industrial activities, mainly in the food and veterinary industries. In the present
work, 0.5 % (w/v) of glucose syrup and different concentration of nitrogen, as ammonium
chloride, was added in the cassava starch fermentation water. It was observed the effect of such
nutrient supplementation on the organic acids production and on the characteristics of the final
product, the sour cassava starch. The concentrations of ammonium chloride tested in the
fermentation water were: 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 % (w/v). The process was monitored during 45
days. In the fermentation water were periodically evaluated the pH, the acidity and the organic
acids concentration (acetic, lactic and propionic) by high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). It was verified that the nutritional supplementation, promote an increase on the organic
acid concentration, mainly on the propionic one. The better results were obtained by the addition
of 0.1% (w/v) of ammonium chloride, increasing about 50% in the organic acids content. On
this condition the sour cassava starch maintained its expansion property. This work reveals that
the enriched sour cassava starch wastewater could be used as organic acids source.
Keywords: Sour cassava starch, fermentation water, organic acids
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Molten Salt Oxidation – A Safe Process for Hazardous Organic Wastes Decomposition
P. E. O. Lainetti (IPEN/CNEN)
|
Abstract: In the last decades, there were significant changes in the perception of the necessity of
environmental preservation. The main actions that have been used to impede the migration
of pollutants to the environment are: the inventory of the hazardous chemical compounds,
their safety collection and their suitable treatment. One of the predominant concepts
currently is that the wastes should be destroyed in some point of their cycle of use, specially
the dangerous ones, in reason of the risk that they represent for human beings, animals and
plants. The worldwide interest in the development of advanced decomposition technologies
of wastes elapses, mainly, of the problems created by the denominated POPs - persistent
organic pollutants. The thermal decomposition has been commercially used in the disposal
of hazardous wastes, mainly the incineration, whose most important characteristic is the
combustion with flame. However, the incineration technologies have failed to meet some
performance criteria. An alternative to the incineration, for the treatment of a vast range of
dangerous wastes or not, it is the thermal decomposition by means of the submerged
oxidation in molten salt baths. The interest in the decomposition of hazardous wastes by
advanced methods, as alternative to the incineration, and especially through the molten salt
oxidation has elapsed mainly by the adoption of more restrictive air emissions legislations in
several countries. Among several advantages, such as oxidative reactions that transform
completely the components of the organic solvent in just CO2 and water, the process
equipment can be built in small scale. Molten salt oxidation equipment has already been built
at IPEN and different organic wastes have been tested. During the program the selection and
the performance tests of the employed materials, the construction of components and auxiliary systems, their assembly and the operational tests have been carried out. Several
decomposition tests of different organic wastes have been performed in laboratory
equipment developed at IPEN, with excellent results (dichlorethane, dichlorodifluoromethane
and toluene). The completeness of the oxidation reactions in the range of temperatures
studied (900 to 1020°C) was evaluated by mass spectrometry of the gases released. This
paper describes the main characteristics of the molten salt process, besides the conception,
the construction, the development of equipment with this purpose in IPEN and its
effectiveness. During the activities the main accomplished tasks were the selection and the
performance tests of the employed materials, the construction of components and auxiliary
systems, their assembly and the operational tests carried out.
Keywords: Oxidation, molten, salts, hazardous, wastes
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Monitoring the Environmental Sustainability of a Coffee Farm
Y. Ogura; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The Cerrado, a savannah region, is Brazil’s second largest ecosystem after the Amazon rainforest and is also threatened with imminent destruction. A graphical tool was employed to assess the environmental performance of the production of coffee in a traditional farm in Cerrado region, Brazil. The graphical tool allies the properties of the equilateral triangle and the emergy concepts. The present study presents the environmental assessment performed in the farm located in Coromandel, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results indicate that Brazilian green coffee production is adequated to environment index evaluated by other academic studies, about agriculture. They also allow to analyze production’s data related to environment indicators, in which can be observed an optimized production range with fine environment performance.
Keywords: Coffee production, environmental account, emergy, ternary diagram
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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More Demand for Resources with the Same Resources: Increased Vehicle Fleet in São Paulo
M. S. Nogueira Neto (FEI), A. C. S. Nogueira (Mackenzie), J. B. Sacomano, J. L. A. de Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The economic growth of Brazil, observed in recent years has brought benefits in terms of
people's lives. However, all growth requires planning for it to occur adding as many possible
advantages to this process. Vehicle sales in Brazil have grown every year raising concerns about
the infrastructure available to support it. This article, exploratory, says such growth with main
focus on the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo warning of the increased emission of pollutants
into the atmosphere.
Keywords: Air pollution, motor vehicles, emission of pollutants
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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More Sustainable Production of Concrete: Replacement of Natural Sand for Brita Powder Concrete Simple Cooking
SILVA, L. S., DEMETRIO, J. C. C., DEMETRIO, F. J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: The work in this paper was to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of substitution of natural river sand by crushed powder in the mixture of conventional concrete, checking to reduce the environmental impact through the use of crushed stone powder, show the feasibility of using the crushed powder conventional concrete dosage and present a more sustainable concrete dosage environmentally. The crushed powder has the advantage, in addition to being more economical in the composition of services, also because of its use delete a waste of crushing process giving a meaningful way, to reduce the damage caused by the exploitation of sand in riverbeds.
Keywords: Gravel, sustainable, concrete, sand, viability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Motivations Behind the EMAS Stagation and Enabling Measures to Stimulate new Registrations: Characterization of Public Administrations and Private-Owned Organizations
MERLI, R.; LUCCHETTI, M. C.; PREZIOSI, M. (Roma Tre University - Italy); ARCESE, G. (University of Bari)
|
Abstract: The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is a voluntary Regulation that defines a management instrument developed by the European Commission for companies and other organisations to evaluate, report, and improve their environmental performance.Today the EMAS is undergoing a revision process, in order to fit organizations’ and stakeholders’ requirements and increase its diffusion. Italy accounts for roughly 1,000 of the 4,000 certified European organizations, and, especially during the last five years, a growing number of organizations have not renewed the certification. This context determined a stagnation in the number of EMAS registered organizations. Thus, the aim of the survey is to investigate why a growing number of Italian organizations have dropped out of EMAS, and to identify which enabling measures would be more effective in order to encourage organizations to move back to the certification. The target of the questionnaire were the 339 Italian organizations that did not renew their EMAS registration between 2010 and 2015, there were 99 respondents. In this paper, certified Public Administrations and private-owned organizations are compared in order to delineate significant differences between the two groups. Concerning motivations for not renewing EMAS, implementation costs were the key reasons for both groups. Conversely, considering the possible enabling measures, while private-owned organizations demand long term tax benefits, Public Administrations prefer a greater consideration of EMAS in public funding. This paper systematically addresses the phenomenon for the first time, contributing to reducing the existing gap in literature, and providing an input to decision-makers who are overseeing the EMAS revision process.
Keywords: EMAS, Environmental Management Systems, ISO 14001, EMAS barriers, public Organizations
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Motivations for Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility: Bibliographic Mapping and Research Hypothesis Proposition
PIETZSCH, N.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: The present study aimed to identify the main motivations for the adhesion to Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSER) and, subsequently, it aimed to propose research hypotheses to be validated in future studies. Methodologically, a bibliographical research was conducted through keyword searches in scientific databases. As to the results, initially the motivations mapped in the 54 articles analyzed were classified into internal (derived from the needs and beliefs that arise from within the company) and external motivations (derived from the influences exerted by external or the competitive environment, such as stakeholders). Afterward, the diverging nomenclatures for the same motivation were standardized, and the result originated a list of fifteen motivations: build employee trust; seek innovations through CSER; integrate CSER practices to quality management; improve process productivity and efficiency; increase the company’s economic performance; mitigate risks; reduce costs; develop corporate responsibility actions for the society and for the environment; prevent and control pollution and minimize waste generation; managers' personal values; to adequate the organization to stakeholder pressure; add value to the brand through brand differentiation (competitive advantage); seize market opportunities; comply with legislations and regulations; increase customer satisfaction; improve the company’s image; The research hypotheses about the distinct corporate motivations for CSER were developed considering three levels of analysis: (i) institutional; (ii) organizational; and (iii) individual levels.
Keywords: Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility, Motivations, Organizations and sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Multicriteria Analysis Applied to Alternate Study of Environmental Control in Agro-Industrial Sector: Qualho Cheese Production
OLIVEIRA, E. D.; ANTUNES, D. E.; MENDES, D.; DEMETRIO, J. C. C.; DEMETRIO, F. J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: This article is a case study that is being conducted in Agroindustrial production sector (Cheese Qualho production), located in Sao Luis - Maranhao. Adopting the tools of Analysis and Multicriteria Decision Support, which enabled the identification of the best alternative for environmental control, whose purpose is also the record for the production, marketing, economic viability of new product in Sao Luis, capital of Maranhão. The result found was satisfactory because the criteria showed that the serum of the problem from the qualho cheese, was resolved by promoting the best alternative, the production of yoghurt, avoiding whey disposal in groundwater and soil.
Keywords: Multicriteria, cheese, environmental control, viability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Multi-Infra Curbs – New Model for Urban Infrastructure
ASSAN, M. C. S. (LEVENOX); LOPES, E. F. B. (BRAVANIR)
|
Abstract: Active now for over 20 years in the civil construction market we have always been aware of an enormous material waste which has generated large amounts of debris. Focusing on this fact we searched for alternative uses for this residue and began to study ways in which to incorporate the debris as a recycled aggregate in the concrete used to fabricate curbs and gutters for street right-of-ways, in accordance with NBR 15116/2004 regulations. After we began to develop and analyze the utility of this new piece of urban equipment we realized the enormous potential of a novel way in which to use it. We are aware that curbs and gutters sit in parallel with all the utility networks necessary to supply our cities. It was along these lines that we developed a project for a curb able to double as a support for these distribution networks as presented below. We also became aware of the necessity for connections with the sewage system and concluded that these connections have to be adapted to the city’s new necessities in improving the use of our water supply as well as that of collecting and reusing rainwater and reusable sewage waters, the concepts of which we will present here. We are a private entity and as such always interested in the economic viability of our projects in order to attain to our objectives. To this end we have drafted a contract and cessation model for the distribution of these utilities, as well as processes for metering and charging for consumption, monitoring methods and distribution control, connectivity with consumer units and other innovations to be presented herein. Keeping in mind that a solution such as this depends on high investments as well as the political will to implement them we are unable to present any effective projection of results of implementation. We do however believe that what we propose below will be easily understood and its benefits easily comprehended.
Keywords: Curb, precast, cogeneration, water, reuse, rainwater
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Multi-Objective Optimization of a New Sustainable Methanol Plant with Cogenerated Energy
ROCHA, L. B.; GIMENES, M. L.; FARIA, S. H. B.; SILVA, R. O. (UEM); ESTELLER, L. J. (Universitat Rovira i Virgilli - Spain)
|
Abstract: Contemplating the situation of biofuels, the objective of this work is to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of methanol synthesis using carbon dioxide captured as an output of fermentation process in bioethanol production distilleries, carrying out an integrated analysis of the overall system. Up to now, studies limited to evaluate the methanol production hydrogenating CO2 from fossil sources. Systems assessed in this perspective usually are not economically viable due to the high cost associated to obtain hydrogen. In this work, we designed a new sustainable methanol production process from a renewable source. Aiming to promote the advancement and applicability of carbon capture processes, an industrial methanol plant was modeled in Aspen Plus®. The hydrogen required was produced electrolyzing treated water of the distilleries, producing oxygen as a valuable byproduct. Design parameters were manipulated taking into account the associated capital costs and applying factorial design and sensitivity analysis techniques. The response surfaces were obtained according to the amount of bagasse used to cogenerate energy, which has a direct relation with the objective function, attempting to minimize the total annualized costs and the CO2 Net of the scenario. The results show that the problem of high-energy consumption for the production of hydrogen via electrolysis was bypassed using co-generated energy, being possible and viable to synthesize this process in distilleries able to emit more than 350,000 ton/year of CO2 with enough cogeneration plants installed. The gross profits obtained by this process are derived from the methanol and oxygen produced being significantly superior by a factor of 4.5 compared to sale of electricity and 8.0 for sale of pure hydrogen. The designed plant led us to conclude that this improved process can be implemented and is an innovative option for carbon mitigation, contributing to the sustainable production of methanol.
Keywords: Ethanol distillery, Optimization, Methanol synthesis, Cogeneration; Hybrid models
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Multi-Objective Optimization of an Industrial Ethanol Distillation System Using Direct and Indirect Heating
SILVA, R. O. (UEM); TORRES, C. M. (Universitat Rovira i Virgili - Spain); ROCHA. L. B.; LIMA, O. C. M. (UEM); COUTU, A.; BRUNET, R.; JIMÉNEZ, L. (Universitat Rovira i Virgili - Spain); JORGE, L. M. (UEM)
|
Abstract: In this work, the performance of an ethanol from sugarcane autonomous distillery simulated on AspenHysys is evaluated using an automated tool programmed on Matlab to assess the environmental and economic impacts associated. We compare the current plant operation (direct heating), located in the South of Brazil, with the use of indirect heating, analyzing vinasse discharge using trucks, as well as the effect of its application in the soil. Results show that the replacement of direct steam injection by reboiler decreases approximately 15% of the vinasse quantity, consequently, decreasing the associated problems generated. Moreover, as the modifications do not change flegma and ethanol flowrates, the revamping might be done without further operational changes. The environmental evaluation presents positive results, showing that the distillery may decrease the eighteen environmental impacts categories assessed. From an economic perspective, the plant could also have higher net profits with the use of reboiler than direct steam injection to heat the distillation column. Finally, the new improved system is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem and it is solved by using the weighted sum method for the Pareto frontier technique to find the best compromise, to be as interesting economically as ecologically.
Keywords: Simulation, Sugarcane vinasse, Economic evaluation, Environmental assessment, Multi-objective optimization
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Municipal Competency and the Environmental Licensing: the Complementary Law n. 140/2011 and the Forestry Resources
RIBAS, L. C.; PROSDOCINI, R. M. (UNESP); BRAUER, A. L. (FSP)
|
Abstract: Environmental licensing is the administrative systematics
related to
the“natural resources utilization by activities
and businesses permission".
The regulatory power of this kind
of competency (a large quantity of normative
instruments like Resolutions
for example), considering specially the forestry resources, is delegated to the Union, States and Municipalities. This type of competency is also called “material, administrative or executive competency
under
the environmental
aspects
point of view”.
Therefore and
on submission to the command of the single
paragraph, article 23,
of the
Brazilian Constitution is that the Complementary Law n. 140 was created in
December, 08, 2011.
This law gives the mechanisms of
the
Union, States and Municipalities cooperation about the
exercise of the administrative actions from the usual competency exercise related to the” natural landscape
protection, environmental protection, control of all kinds of pollution and forestry, animal and vegetal
preservation”.
The goal of this work is the
study
of
the
Complementary Law n. 140/2011
vis-à-
vis
the
specific
municipality comptency for the forestry resources protection.
For this purpose this work intends to use, about the
methodological aspects, the Deductive Method (from the general to the specific). So,
this work intends
a
global
observation of the Complementary Law
n. 140/2011 and the investigation process of the Municipal Public Power
competency (mainly of the forestry resources utilization perspective). This work also intends to use the
speculative, comparative and logical methods in order to help this investigation. The technical instruments and the
material were
produced with data researches, professional and historic experiences, literature
and other kinds of
sources
and the conceptual categories use.
The main conclusion of this research is that the Complementary Law n.
140/2011 allows to the Municipalities the environmental questions management in their own territories. However,
the municipal environmental licensing, in relation to the forestry resource specially, still needs of the
Environmental State Council hearing or permission.
Keywords: Environmental license, Complementary Law
n.140/2011, Environmental Legislation, Municipal competency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Municipal Urban Parks of São Paulo: Environmental Accountability of eMergy
M. V. Mariano, C. M. V. B. Almeida, A. P. Z. Santos (UNIP)
|
Abstract: São Paulo city has been investing on the deployment of green areas to improve people life
quality. In this regard, the Secretary of the Green and the Environment of São Paulo has
increased vegetation coverage through a program of afforestation and creation of new urban
parks. The establishment of linear parks along the courses of rivers and streams also takes
part of this guideline. This article uses the environmental accountability on emergy for the
evaluation of two parks on the east zone of São Paulo: the Linear Park Tiquatira and the Park
Vila Silvia. The energy flow and materials in maintenance and use on each one of these
parks are accounted. The total energy of Linear Park Tiquatira é 1,52x1017seJ/m², being
57% related to renewable natural resources and 43% from the economy. The total emergy
of urban park Vila Silvia is 1,68x1016seJ/m², being 9% of renewable natural resources and
91% from the economy.
Keywords: Emergy, environmental accountability, environmental sustentability, parks
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
National Police on Solid Waste as a Cleaner Production and Sustainability Strategies Inductor
MIGLIANO, J. E. B. (FEI)
|
Abstract: The National Police on Solid Waste (NPSW) approved
on August 2010 by local federal authorities, introduced a
new regulatory mile stone for treatment of urban solid waste and consumable goods after its use, throughout the
implementation of urban garbage selective collection and reverse logistics practices, respectively. As a matter of
fact, a sustainable agenda is part of the Brazilian
citizenship since 1981, with the publication of the National Police
on Environment and later on, in 1988, by the insertion within the country Constitution the well known
concept of
Sustainability, as defined by the Brundtland Report
and stated in the 96th
United Nations General Assembly.
After more than 20 years spent on discussion at the
National Congress, the NPSW represent a modern, complex
and challenging piece of socio-environmental public
police and of administrative ordination, comprehending
instruments of command and control a side of market
and economic mechanisms for treatment and destination of
residues and final rejections proper disposition in
landfill. The NPSW covers definitions, principles,
objectives and
plans for the solid waste correct disposition and corresponding responsibilities for all parts involved, such as: government, industry, commerce, importers, service
providers and consumers. Enforces the concept of shared
responsibility on products end of life and introduces the reverse logistic (RL) mechanism for several
goods, aiming,
at the same time, for social inclusion of rubbish picking workers cooperatives, subject to act as partners in the LR
processes.
A six steps priority scale for product design and its end of use destination was defined on its article 9th
covering:
non generation of residues or its
reduction
during manufacturing processes, product and parts
reuse
extending its
respective life cycles,
recycling
and residues
treatment
for material and energy recovery and, finally, the
correct
final disposition
of rejects in the landfill, but only after fulfill
ing all known recycling technical and economical
feasible alternatives. The first two steps are preventive measures competing, complementing and promoting
similar objectives as stated in the Cleaner Production (CP) compromises and of Sustainability as well.
The
intermediate measures: reuse, residues treatment and recycling, as mitigation actions, complement and
close the
processes of materials, substances and energy reclamation, before final rejects environment correct disposition.
Therefore, the NPSW contemplates, contributes and induces the accomplishment of several aspects of the
CP
compromises. However, as a formal and official regulation imposed by authorities, instead of a leadership initiative as placed by the CP, the NPSW could create within the market actors a tendency for observation of its
minimum
requirements and obligations. The NPSW introduces the CP practices within product design and manufacturing, aside of other relevant attributes such as promotion
of awareness, education, training and integration
alongside the
logistics chains under surveillance of the Brazilian society, considering a pioneering mechanism of protection-receiver for the environment aspects, possible more
effective than the well known pollution payer principle.
Finally, as a relatively new regulation, several challenging opportunities for research were open by the NPSW in
the fields of Cleaner Production and Sustainability
.
Keywords: Sustainability. Cleaner Production. National Police on Solid Waste.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Natural Capital Inclusion in Company's Financial Reports: A Discussion on its Accounting Rules and Practical Adoption
AMARAL, P. L.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In the last decades the problem of scarcity of natural resources common to society, also known as "the tragedy of commons", has promoted heated discussions about a sustainable future. In this sense, the call for preserving the stocks of natural capital, which provide the necessary natural resources to the production systems, has been recognized. A potential alternative for this could be the inclusion of natural capital into the companies' financial statements. However, established accounting rules on what can be accounted and where, are to be respected and followed. This work aims to promote a discussion on the possibilities for the quantification and insertion of natural capital items into the accounting statements of companies. Specifically, water and electricity companies holding concession contracts are considered as a case study, to bring about a critical discussion. The challenges involved in the adoption of the IFRS international accounting standards are presented and discussed, considering the legal possibilities of including natural capital in accounting. It is observed that even with international regulating organs recognizing the importance of accounting for natural capital in a quest to better handle and preserve it so it can feed production systems, wider and deeper studies and discussions, and certain precautions before allowing their inclusion are in need. Advances and possibilities can be observed, however, the complex and standardized accounting system should be the aim of urgent actions in the sense of allowing for the inclusion of natural capital into accounting statements.
Keywords: Natural capital, Environmental accounting, Emergy, IFRS, Concession Agreements, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
New paint without the use of Coal Tar
C. Solera; C. Gnecco; D. L. S. Brunelli (Sherwin-Willians)
|
Abstract: Due to the Sherwin-Williams concern about the environmental impact and reduction of the
hazards in all the supply chain, Sherwin-Williams has developed low toxicity coatings, EPOXY
TAR FREE. This painting was developed and introduced in the market with the intention of
substitution of EPOXY TAR BASE coatings, which exhibit high inherent toxicity, due to the PITCH,
the main raw material of these types of paints.
This work has as objective, to demonstrate through comparative tests among TAR base
coatings, traditionally used versus the new product TAR Free, some laboratory tests and
economical study to show the efficiency of the new product.
Keywords: Tar Free, epoxy coatings, clean production
[Abstract] [Organizational Report]
|
New Technologies in the Tertiary Treatment of Industrial Water
F. H. Harada, F. P. Capeloza, L. M. Scarpelini (Siemens Water Technologies – Brazil)
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Abstract: The dissolved salts removal for process water because a very usual requisite in actual times.
Ultrapure water for the most diverse applications, such as high pressure boilers, medication,
beverage and microelectronics, the salt removal become a fundamental item with water
quality and treatment efficiencies each time more strict.
With the objective to comply with the fast-growing demand for more strict characteristics of
process Waters, new Technologies are being developed, allying higher efficiencies to lower
operation costs.
In this context, through the application of the Cleaner Production Tools, it was elaborated a
change analysis considering a technology increase in the tertiary treatment of industrial
water for dissolved salts removal comparing íon Exchange resins versus reverse osmosis
followed by one of the latest treatment Technologies, the electrodeionization.
For such analysis, it was evaluated the capital and operational costs of each treatment
process (considering the same work conditions) targeting the optimization of the treatment
process. Through these costs calculated by volume of water treated, it is possible to conclude
clear advantages of the reverse osmosis and electrodeionization units.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, eletrodeionization, ion exchange, demineralization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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New Weld Fume Chamber Design to Assess HAP Emissions Potential and Promote Cleaner Production
B. Kura; J. Jackens; J. Keay (University of New Orleans)
|
Abstract: Metal welding is an important production process in many industry sectors including
automotive, aerospace, oil and gas exploration/refining/transportation, heavy manufacturing,
and maritime. Though welding emissions are insignificant based on a mass basis within the
maritime industry, their contribution to the overall risk to human health and the environment
is significant because of the high toxicity associated with heavy metals emitted. These heavy
metals include Cr, Cr+6, Mn, Ni, Pb and others which may pose carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic
effects to exposed workers and the public. United States regulatory agencies
including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), have recently increased pressure on the industrial sector to
reduce their annual emissions of these heavy metals. This recent concern from the
regulatory commumity has led to increased research efforts to better quantify the actual
amount of these metals emitted, and to develop a better understanding of their potential to
cause adverse effects to public health and the environment.
Welding emission characteristics and quantities depend on a number of factors such as
electrode and base metal composition, welding method, shielding gas characteristics and
power supply characteristics. When considering the various combinations of these factors,
thousands of welding scenarios are expected in the field, each of which presents a unique
emissions scenario. Emission factors for the numerous welding scenarios are not available,
and will require an extensive amount of research to develop and document. However, these
emission factors are essential for several purposes including facility permitting, risk assessment, compliance demonstration, and to achieve cleaner production.
This paper documents the unique challenges faced by the authors to design and fabricate a
weld fume chamber capable of captuing 100 % of weld fumes on filter media suitable for
heavy metals analysis. The weld fume chamber had to meet the requirements of regulatory
agencies, data quality objectives, approved analytical methods, and filter efficiency. Design
parameters such as chamber size, blower capacity, experimental speed, filter size and type,
and fume loading, along with their inter-relationships will be discussed. This paper provides
valuable insight into welding emission evaluation methodology, which should be useful
across many sectors.
Keywords: Welding emissions, heavy metals, health risks, fume chamber design, emission factors
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Nickel Sulfate Quality Assessment Obtained from Waste Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil
P. D. Finato; L. F. S. Rossi; F. J. Bassetti; P. R. C. Neto (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to evaluate the quality of the nickel sulfate obtained from a recovering process of nickel sulfate from wastes of hydrogenation of vegetable oils. In the sulfate, were quantified Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni, using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). After that the nickel sulfate was submitted to purification process using active carbon. It was observed that the metals Cu and Cr presented concentrations below the allowed limit to the commercial nickel sulfate, whereas the Zn and Pb concentrations were above that limit. The Pb was removed by complexacion with EDTA followed by adsorption in active carbon, and the Zn didn’t show removal with the employed methodologies. The Ni quantification in the sulfate using AAS showed better results in 352,4 nm. The effluent in the process was analyzed and treated with active carbon, being removed 98,6 % of the Ni concentrations existing in it.
Keywords: Nickel sulfate, waste recovery, active carbon
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Nonwoven Slipper: a Sustainable Alternative
BEZERRA, R. N. (SENAI/USP); ARAÚJO, M. C. (SENAI/USP); RANGEL, P. F. A. (USP); ROSA, J. M. (USP/UNICAMP)
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Abstract: It was studied the possibility of obtaining a nonwoven slipper made from scraps of clothing coming from the Bom Retiro neighborhood. The product was approved by a population of volunteers, who proposed to use the product and then answer a questionnaire with closed questions. The score for the product was 217, out of 250 points, with 86.8% approval.
Keywords: Nonwoven, patchwork, slippers modeling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Obstacles for Brazil’s Consolidation in Cleaner and Renewable Energy Production
G. A. Santini; L. B. Pinto (UNESP - Tupã-SP)
|
Abstract: The discussions concerning the use of natural resources (the ways they are explored and
their possibility of being lack) have intensified. Considering it from a historical view, several
meetings have been conducted worldwide and were important to consolidate the notions
related to Sustainable Development and Cleaner Production. In the first case (Sustainable
Development), the concept was affirmed in the 1970s and 1980s, with the concern that the
present development would not jeopardize the future generations development. Also to
complement this idea, the Cleaner Production notion starts to rise in the following decades
trying to improve the country’s efficiency in productive aspects, mainly in the use of raw
material, water and energy, aiming the generation of economic and environmental benefits
in the production process.
From this context emerges the growing need for countries to produce technologies which
would bring (not only) the economic benefits of production (which was the main concern
then), but the social and environmental aspects as well, showing the concern with
sustainable development of future social structures. In Brazil, especially, the alignment with
this new development paradigm has been applied in energy production.
The sugar / alcohol sector, by producing and processing the sugar cane, contributes to the
clean and sustainable production of technologies: ethanol (as fuel) and the energy from
biomass – using the sugar cane bagasse. The advantages of the use of ethanol compared to
other energy use (fossil and from other vegetable crops) are mainly economic and
environmental ones, besides providing a greater energy balance. Another favorable aspect in
using the sugar cane bagasse to produce energy is the fact that Brazil has great natural
richness, topography and favorable physical features to agriculture, which would reduce the
exploration of scarce hydric and fossil resources.
However, it is necessary to underline the obstacles that make the sustainable production
difficult. Thus, this article aims to discuss the problems, which are found inside and outside
the country and which makes the country consolidation difficult as an important world
producer of clean energy, as well as the strengthening of these productive activities. As for
the ethanol, there are some politic-economic, environmental and social problems that must
be solved, like the protectionist measures established by importers; the effective reduction of
polluting gases by adopting more efficient productive processes; working conditions and
wages for the sugar cane activity. As for producing electricity from sugar cane, there are
some legal obstacles related to the regulation of the sector. Thus, some efforts are necessary
to make this consolidation possible, by adopting public policies that ensure the investments
made so far, considering the local and global markets; better organization management; the
definition of areas used in sugar cane exploration, etc. Surely, sugar cane activity is a
promising business, though promoting a sector development by damaging the development
of others, might be a mistake.
Keywords: Sustentability, renewable, sugar cane, ethanol, energy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Obtaining and Evaluation of Synthesis Gases from Biomass Gasification using Finite Element Analysis
FABREGAS, J.; FONTALVO, C.E. (Universidad Autónoma del Caribe - Colombia); VALENCIA, G.E.; OBREGON, L.G. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); CARDENAS, Y.D. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Given the need to implement non-conventional sources for the generation of energy, it is necessary to characterize the natural or residual agro-industrial resources that can be used for the conversion of energy. In this work, a study is carried out to obtain the synthesis gas produced in a bioreactor using the gasification of biomass, such as pinewood, rice husk, coconut husk and palm shell, to analyze its potential as synthesis gas. This gas is obtained using a finite element software for the parameterization of the relevant models for the calculation of its production by biomass gasification through its final composition and the chemical analysis obtained from studies carried out on the physicochemical properties of biomass. As a result, the CO and H2 production components are obtained for each biomass sample, evaluated at 1020K. These results are similar to those obtained by experimental designs, showing that using computational techniques a good approximation is received from the analysis of residual material for use as fuel.
Keywords: Synthesis gases, Biomass Gasification, finite element.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Oeco-Nomics in the Light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle. The N-Good and Three Factor Problem
C. Giannantoni (ENEA-Italy)
|
Abstract: Fundamental Principles in Economics and, in particular, in Neo-Classical Economics (NCE), such
as Walras General Equilibrium, Pareto Optimality, etc., are the result of a direct transposition
to economic activities of the Principles of Classical Mechanics (CM) and, even more, of Classical
Thermodynamics (CT).
Consequently NCE Principles suffer from the same defects as CT Principles, when the latter are
analyzed in the light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle (MOP). In fact Utility-Expenditure
Conservation Principle (corresponding to Energy Conservation) does not hold when
reconsidered in terms of Incipient Differential Calculus (IDC), a mathematical language which
is much more appropriate to describe Generative Systems.
This also means that neither does Walras General Equilibrium represent a “stable” equilibrium
condition nor does Pareto Optimality represent a “maximum” condition, precisely because the
latter presupposes the former.
In reality traditional Economics, in all its different Schools of Thought, does not recognize that
Emerging Property, usually termed as Quality (with a capital Q), which vice versa is clearly
pointed out by the Maximum Em-Power Principle or, in more adherent formal terms, by its
generalized version represented by the Maximum Ordinality Principle. Quality in fact represents
that fundamental aspect which is ever-present in any physical-biological-social Process, never
ever reducible to mere phenomenological processes or to our traditional mental categories.
As a consequence of the same subjacent presuppositions, NCE is not even able to solve the “Three good, two factor Problem” which, on the other hand, is very similar to the more famous “Three body Problem” in Classical Mechanics.
So, by starting from the solution to the latter problem, this paper will focus on a different
concept of “Economics” (thus here renamed as “Oeco-Nomics”) which, being based on the
Maximum Ordinality Principle, is consequently able to lead us to a general solution to the “N
good, three factor Problem”. A solution which evidently includes the solution to the “Three
good, three factor Problem” and, as a particular case, the solution to the “Three good, two
factor Problem” too.
These results then suggest that traditional economic maximization criteria (usually
corresponding to Pareto Optimality) should preferably be replaced by the Maximum Ordinality
Principle. The latter in fact enables the Decision Maker to recognize those optimal working
conditions which realize the Maximum Ordinality level of the System and, at the same time, to evaluate the corresponding optimum economic conditions (Investments, Benefits, Incentives,
etc.) as a consequential adherent reflex.
As a term of comparison, two well-known approaches will also be reconsidered: i) Kummel’s
KLE and KLEC Models; ii) and Odum’s Emergy Synthesis.
The proposed approach allows us to conclude that: Production becomes cleaner when
Processes become Generative and, at the same time, they are also characterized by a
progressive Ascendant Ordinality. In other words, when Decision Making progressively tends to
realize, in actual fact, the Maximum Ordinality conditions.
Keywords: Economic Complex Systems, Walras General Equilibrium, Energetics and Classical
Thermodynamics, Maximum Ordinality Principle, Incipient Differential Calculus (IDC)
[Abstract] [Paper]
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On the Implementation of a Circular Economy: Role of Institutional Capacity Building
CEGLIA, D. (UFCE/UFRGS); ABREU, M. C. S. (UFCE); EVANS, S. (University of Cambridge - UK)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the role of institutional capacity building in the development of a circular economy. The study was conducted using open-end interviews with firms and other actors about the industrial symbiosis in the United Kingdom in the light of the particular conditions of the National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) experience. A content analysis methodology was applied to the interviews results. Our survey indicates that limited institutional capacity building imposed real constraints of a circular economy. The phase-out of industrial symbiosis in the UK has raised several concerns that should be taken into account. Our results demonstrate that knowledge and relational resources and mobilization capacities were weakly developed. Increasing knowledge and relational resources enable companies to increase mobilization capacity. The design of circular economy should include critical importance of these institutional capacities which positively influenced its adoption as a long-term waste and resource availability solution among companies.
Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Circular Economy, Industrial Ecology, Solid Waste Management, Institutional Capacity
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Opportunities for Implementation of Just In Time (JIT) on Reverse Logistics Of E-Waste: Green Factory Case Study
JAKUBOWICZ, D.; SOUZA, R. G. (UFF)
|
Abstract: This article shows a Case Study in Green Factories. The Green Factory Project, of Computer Recycling, of the Secretary of State for the Environment (SEA) of the State Rio de Janeiro aims to develop initiatives to encourage social inclusion in poor communities allowing young adults to develop professionally, creating jobs green and thus generating alternative income for local. The Green Factory was established in 2011 in the "Complexo do Alemão". It was conducted a field research to obtain data of input and output of E-waste. Interviews were too conducted with owners of cooperatives. The SEA Project stimulates the reverse logistics, which became mandatory with the approval of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). In the supply chain, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the logistics process, should improve the quality of demand forecasting. An accuracy forecasting is a constant challenge for organizations, because is possible to obtain efficient operations and high levels of customer service, while inaccurate forecasts inevitably, leads to inefficient and costly operations. Demand forecast needs in any segment allows managers to plan their actions. Both the philosophies Just in Time and Reverse Logistics are concerned about the environment. The customer-supplier relationship is explored in this paper because there are stakeholders involved. A bibliometricsurvey of Scopus Base, only 7 papers were presented using the strings "Just in Time" and "Reverse Logistics". This shows that the theme is new and challenger.
Keywords: Just-in-time, Reverse Logistic, Lean Manufacturing, E-waste, Green Factory
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Opportunity for Continuous Implementation of Cleaner Production with New Paradigm for Sustainable Engineering
L. C. da Silva (AMAR-RJ)
|
Abstract: Since the advent and wide-ranging discussion about sustainability, several concrete examples of
initiatives in order to conduct environmental issues in engineering as, for example, Cleaner
Production – CP, can be found in the literature. This article provides a theoretical/conceptual
framework from the literature review on two themes, aiming to identify and establish an
interrelation of the concepts, principles and practices of CP and the new paradigm of Sustainable
Engineering, aiming to build sustainability.
Keywords: CP, sustainable engineering, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Optimal Planning of Drinking Water Production
GARCÍA-CÁCERES, R. G. (UPTC - Colombia); CASTAÑEDA-GALVIS, M.T.; SUÁREZ-FAJARDO, J.F. (UPB - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The water system is one of the most important issues for life and the planetary ecosystem, which is widely recognized by society and synthesized as one of the current research problems of the United Nations. One of the problems involved with this system is related to the treatment of water in treatment plants in a context of sustainable development. This article focuses on the problematic of the raw water treatment system for purification, through a mathematical programming model and a solution procedure for the optimal planning of the treatment system in its different steps and in a two objectives context. The linear model considers two objectives, the first maximizes profits and the second minimizes emissions of pollutants. As restrictions are considered: mass balances, production capacities of the different stages of water production in their different conditions, supply of water, demand and the permissible technical levels of pollutants, which are proposed in a generic manner, independent of the technologies and productive alternatives. The model by its nature allows to solve almost any instance of the problem in excellent CPU times.
Keywords: Optimal planning, production and treatment of drinking water, linear programming.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Optimization Model for the sizing of renewable energy solutions for non-interconnected areas - Case Study in Chocó, Colombia
J. VITERI, F.; HENAO (Universidad Icesi - Colombia); I. DYNER (Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano - Colombia); S. CÓRDOBA (Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó - Colombia); J. CHERNI (Imperial College London - UK)
|
Abstract: Access to electricity is essential for the economic growth and welfare of every population. Despite this, 15% of the world population does not have access to electricity. In Colombia, 52% of the national territory, where around 2 million people live (5% of the population), is considered non-interconnectable due to its remoteness or difficult access from the main population centers (non-interconnectable zone). The communities that live in noninterconnectable zone are characterized by being extremely poor and have a precarious supplying of electricity needs. This is generally through fossil fuels, which offer a contaminating, intermittent, unreliable and high-cost service for these communities. Currently, renewable energies offer an opportunity for the development of this type of population, because they allow the electricity generation at low cost and in the places of consumption (what is known as distributed generation). The objective of this research is to develop a tool for energy solutions planning for communities in noninterconnectable zones in order to achieve optimal solutions and evaluate different configurations of electricity generation systems for a community, suggesting both its size and the mix of energy more appropriate to supply the demand with the lowest possible cost. The proposed model allows to consider different mixtures of technologies (renewable, fossils and batteries), the randomness of the climatic variables that are indispensable for renewable energies, such as solar radiation, wind speed and water inputs, and the costs involved. To test the model, a case study is presented in an isolated community called Playa Potes, located in Bahía Solano, in the department of Chocó, Colombia. The results of the model suggest that the installation of a solar photovoltaic plant of 26 kW, accompanied by a battery bank, would be sufficient to meet the energy needs of the population 24 hours a day and under uncertain climatic conditions, taking into account the cost.
Keywords: Linear Programming, Rural electrification, Renewable Energies, non-interconnected areas.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Optimization of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption in Automobilistic Industry
WIEMES, L. (UFPR/FAMEC); PAWLOWSKY, U. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Industrial processes are considered as major consumers of
inputs (either in the form of electricity and natural
gas). From this perspective, and taking into consideration the preconization of ABNT NBR ISO 14001 (2004),
which determines the development of study and development of action for improving the industrial process in
order to minimize the consumption of inputs, this paper
aims to developing action which allows to improve the
operation of heating equipment (primer oven curing) in the manufacturing process of automobilistic painting. The
work is also based in concepts established by applying
the technique of CP (Cleaner Production) which according
to FIESP (2008), consists of a comprehensive and integrated assessment in relation to environmental problems,
promoting direct action on the manufacture process . This article will focus attention on systematically applied to
improve the process of heating the greenhouse and the actions set out to develop a process with better
performance. Besides developing action that features the company's concern with environmental issues and
attitudes of cleaner production is intended to achieve a 10% reduction in consumption of equipment in fluid
analysis, starting from the average consumption in the period 2009 which was 0.16 MWh / vehicle and 12.13 m3
gas / vehicle during the period from July to November of the same year. The importance of this work also
concerns the performance of a conventional fabrication
process that allows the application of concepts and
practices in everyday life. Thus, it is possible to develop activities with environmental protection in the
determinations and make environmentally friendly processes, generating less waste of materials and reducing
consumption of electricity and natural gas equipment for analysis.
Keywords: Electricity, Natural Gas, Process Painting, Energy Efficiency
|
Optimization of Integrated Clean Production of Pyrogas, Biogas, Methanol, Bioelectricity, Fertilizer and Feed from Agro Wastes with Reduced Emission
P. V. Pannirselvam, M. M. Cansian, M. Cardoso, A. H. F. Costa, R. F. Guimarães (UFRN), R. S. Kempegowda (NTNU-Norway)
|
Abstract: Brazil is the leader known for its ethanol biofuel development, but also for biomass charcoal, yet
lacks in clean rural biofuel and bioenergy production. This paper deals with the system design
based on zero emission for sustainable projects developments based on the the alternative
bioenergy production from biomass wastes using innovative process equipments design and the
process optimization. The main objective is towards development of sustainable small scale not
only clean energy production as well as with co-production of hot and cold thermal energies from
bio wastes. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production
with time and thus needs ecological solution. For this problem, an integrated industrial ecological
system using the clean Small Bioenergy-Systems (SBS) based on the Zero waste concept was
studied by the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological
organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the
wastes. The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and
nutrient flows. The SBS approach has many benefits and potentials. The system design is meant
for small-scale energy production using hybrid bio-fuel and internal combustion (IC) engine from
wastes: It was developed using process analysis (synthesis, modeling, and design) of two stage
anaerobic bio process and its integration. SuperPro Designer Process simulation software was
used to make synthesis and evaluate these options and performs mass material balance.
Case study was made with the anaerobic process in several stages and recycle of reactor output
are found to be very use full and increases the biomass load and also the productivity when used
with staged baffled and up flow reactor to produce biofertilizer, bio-hydrogen, bio-methane ,charcoal, ethanol and bio electrical energy with recycle of water ,CO2 and microbial biomass,
which are integrated to internal Combustion engine for combined heat and power (CHP).
Existing biogas technologies has potential for practical application combined with hydro pyrolysis
to make methanol via low temperature methanol production, but if biohydrogen systems are to
become competitive, they need more detailed integrated two stage biohydrogen and methane
bio reactor to enhance the efficacy of biofuel utilization for energy needs. The results obtained
from several preliminary project developments of clean SBS are reported for integrated system
developments for fuel and food using process and cost simulation models. These models render the process development and optimization problem with ecological economic potential objectives
to be resolved very rapidly and make it possible make successful project design with the
reduction of CO2 emission , water consumption and solid residues, sustainable bioelectric CHP
with value added co-products.
Keywords: Clean technology, carbon reduction, biomass, syngas, biogas, biohydrogen, biomethanol
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Optimization of Packaging Raw Materials in Ceramic Refractory Manufacturing Process
SILVA, L. D. (UFPR); WIEMES, L. (UFPR/FAMEC); MERCÊ, A. L. R.; PAWLOSWKY, U. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: In the manufacturing of refractory ceramic there are many variables that contribute to the problems in
the final
product. Some of them can be easily identified. Others, however, require a more comprehensive evaluation and
use of specific tools of quality management system
to help to identify the real causes of the problem
and therefore
their elimination in the shortest time. Considering
the process itself, the final products presented problems of
density variation, fact of material compaction (with expansion deformation of the parts), burn facility in the dryer,
weakness, increased water amount and more time-consuming drying parts. These problems caused losses in
both,
production and financial departments, in addition a
considerable energy heat waste, the reprocessing need and
eventually waste generation that required final disposal of such materials. Some analysis was performed in the
production process so that it was possible to identify the largest possible number of causes that contributed to the
emergence of the listed problems. This paper intends, through the application of quality tools (brainstorming and
cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram), to identify failures modes of the process so that they
will be
corrected by implementing actions plan to occur without problems recurrence, making the plant more economic in
financial terms as well as more environmentally responsible, generating less waste.
Keywords: Refractorie Ceramic; Sawdust, Silo, Waste Generation.
|
Optimization Methane Production through Anaerobic Codigestion of Swine Waste
CAILLOT, V, A.; SOUZA, J.; SILVA, C. B.; SECCO, C.; FRANCISCO, A. C. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Continuous primary energy consumption has motivated the scientists of the world to search for renewable energy sources that could substitute fossil fuels. Anaerobic co-digestion has been cited in the literature as effective way to treat waste from swine breeding and to produce biogas for the generation of energy, but for efficiency in methane production it is important to choose the best co-substrate and a mixing ratio more efficient. The objective of this study was to investigate in the literature the substrates that have been used, the amount of methane generated and the difficulties and advantages associated with the process. The results demonstrated superior yield of methane production with the anaerobic co-digestion with respect to DA of the animal manure alone. Proving that the choice of complementary substrate generates the equilibrium of several parameters of the cosubstrate mixture: macro and micronutrients, C:N ratio, pH, toxic compounds generated higher biogas production and greater plant viability.
Keywords: Anaerobic codigestion, swine waste, biogas
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Organic Alternatives for the Achievement of Cleaner Strawberry Production in Pamplona Norte de Santander
CASTELLANOS, L. (Unipamplona - Colombia); CÉSPEDES, N. E. (Granja Agrobiológica Sol Vida, ASPAGRO - Colombia); MÉNDEZ, A. C.; BALDOVINO, A.; MAHECHA, J. G.; CARRILLO, O. S. (Unipamplona - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The strawberry crop is the third in importance in Pamplona, Norte de Santander. The plantations receive indiscriminate applications of fertilizers and chemical pesticides. The objective of the study was to evaluate organic control alternatives for foliar and soil diseases, slugs, and to replace the lack of phosphorus with a view to achieving cleaner strawberry production. Four trials were developed in strawberry fields, one for the control of diseases of the aerial part, the second for the control of diseases of the roots, the third for the phosphoric nutrition and the fourth for the control of slugs. In the first three, different bioproducts produced locally with efficient microorganisms were evaluated and in the last one the diatomaceous earth. The Caldo Rizósfera and ME bioproducts showed similar results to the Dithane protective fungicide against Ramularia spot, the anthracnose on leaves, flowers and fruits, Botrytis rot and bacterial spot, while Caldo Rizósfera, ME and M6 were similar to the fungicide Benomil and Sodium Phosphite for the control of root diseases caused by Fusaium spp. and Phytophthora fragarie. Caldo Rizósfera and M6 decreased the incidence and severity of phosphorus deficiency and favored a higher concentration of phosphorus in the leaves. Diatomaceous earth demonstrated efficacy for the control of slugs with two applications, doses between 4 and 8 kg/ha
Keywords: Pesticides, fertilizers, environment.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Organic Food Consumers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia
S. D. P. Trevizan (UESC); A. D. Casemiro (UESB)
|
Abstract: Knowledge of consumers about organic food, their willingness for organic food consumption and
criteria they use to buy it are analyzed. A sample of 207 people were interviewed, between 17
and 79 years old, going to do purchase at two largest super-marked in the city of Vitoria da
Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. This research confirms that women are more influential than men on food
purchasing, therefore, on organic food consumption too. However, our findings diverge from other
researches that show concentration of organic food consumption among more mature people,
specifically around the 40s. Our findings also show that relationship between schooling and income
with organic food consumption is much more complex than previous research have shown. No
association between participation on any environmental movement and consumption of organic
food was registered here. Data confirms other findings showing that, in Brazil, most consumers
read labels of merchandises, before purchasing. Once again, data show that consumers associate
organic food with health and feeding security, in the first place; environment and other aspects
come after. Finally, findings show that, in terms of organic food consumption, consumers pay
attention professionals of the area, such as nutritionists, in the first place, followed by physicians,
professors and environmentalists.
Keywords: Organic food, consumers' knowledge, consumption willingness, decision criteria, sustainable
community
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Organic Food: Challenges for a Public Domain of a Concept
A. D. Casemiro (UESB); S. D. P. Trevizan (UESC)
|
Abstract: In order to be sustainable, any productive process should follow economic, social and
environmental demands. Regarding to environmental demand, the focus of this paper, organic
food production represents a clean production model that needs to be supported by consumers
in order to become viable. Consumers` knowledge in respect to organics products is an
unquestionable factor in the process of buying decision taking. This paper aims consumers`
perception analysis of organic food and associations they do with such kind of food, how
information reaches real and potential consumers, which communication channels enter for mind
perception making. Field research data were collected by questionnaire application to 204
consumers doing shopping at two most important supermarkets of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia,
Brazil. Findings show that consumers know objectively defining what organic food is. They get
information through mass media communication, such as TV, but there is a growing access to
other information channels like magazines, schools, friends, internet and others. They associate
organic food consumption, first of all, to health and, secondly, to environmental preservation.
But a series of aspects, defined by law, which characterize organic products, are still unknown
by consumers of those products.
Keywords: Organic products, clean production, knowledge, consumers, communication means
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Organizational Experience Report at Butzke Industry
M. Otte (FURB)
|
Abstract: This report refers to cleaner production (CP) interventions on the industry Butzke that produces certified wood furniture. The company needed to decrease their products cost and make the process more sustainable. During CP intervention, another problem come up: due to a reduction on the American dolar (USD) per Brazilian Reais (BRZ) ratio, the sales had reduced considerably on the furnishing market, and that was the key point to do more efficient upgrades that could reduce costs at the same time raising sales. The problems identified focused in two fronts: design and production. The main enhancements proceeded on the production line were layout remolding and residual exhaustion. Along were studied the destination of all residues produced by the company like, sandpapers, tows, sawdust and firewood. After the intervention 100% of these residues started to be sold generating extra profits. Regarding the design, new product lines were designed to utilize the bigger wood retails and the old models gone through a re-design process that, besides making them more contemporaneous, contributed to the best usage of the raw material with smaller wood gauges and the use of retails on your drawings. These changes resulted in a 76% reduction on the retails generated on the furniture production and a decrease in 93% of the retails quantity stored. Enhancement procedures on the production have decreased the costs and aggregate value to the products, making it more competitive and sustainable. Aiming to inform and guarantee higher efficiency of the process, the company started to invest on environmental education for their workers. It’s important to say that all interventions were operationally simple and had a relatively low cost. The intervention may serve as reference to this important productive sector in Brazil encompassing currently about 14,400 companies that generates about 227,600 direct jobs. This report relates an example of how the enhancements can be simple and low-cost but efficient, resulting in profits to the company and benefits to the community and environment.
Keywords: Design, sustainability, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
P - R |
P+WATER: A Model for Selecting Sustainable Opportunities of Industrial Wastewater Reuse from Process Integration Approach
MIRRE, R. C.; YOKOYAMA, L.; PESSOA, F. L. P. (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: The current trend of rising costs related to consumption, water treatment and wastewater disposal has
encouraged
the development of methodologies aimed at industrial water reuse. Techniques and procedures from integration of
chemical processes applied to the reduction of water consumption and the generation of industrial wastewater
have been extensively studied in recent years. One
such tool is called Water Sources Diagram (WSD), an
algorithmic procedure that uses heuristics rules and searches the best connections between sources and
sinks of
water within the industrial processes. It allows the synthesis of the mass exchange networks with maximum water
reuse, including regeneration and recycling of wastewater in the process. The WSD method may be applied as part
of a program for implementation of Cleaner Production. This work presents a procedure aimed at the selection of
promising alternatives for reuse obtained by applying the WSD method, in a systematic and efficient way.
Furthermore, this procedure is part of a proposed industrial management model called P+WATER, applied
to the
sustainable management of water resources in production processes, and based on the tripod CP / WSD /
Valuation of negative environmental impacts. A case
study using data obtained from literature review for a typical oil refinery was carried out. Based on descriptive
statistics and criteria of cost and relocation of streams, the water
networks were then evaluated by a selection mechanism. In this case, it was possible to identify two scenarios
considered promising, starting from an initial set
of seven opportunities generated after application
of WSD. The
results indicated that the procedure can be useful
as a preliminary assessment of sustainable opportunities for
wastewater reuse. This review is important for the
next steps of the model P+WATER and facilitates the
search for
more practical results in order to study the feasibility of problems that involve many complex scenarios.
Keywords: Industrial water management; Water/wastewater reuse; Decision making; Process Integration
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Parameters for evaluation of Contaminated Areas: Analysis of Federal Regulations in Brazil and Colombia and Relevance of Air Quality Monitoring
BEZERRA, R. P. L.; SILVA, R. C. P.; JUCÁ, J.F.T. (UFPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The management of Urban Solid Waste remains a great challenge for developing countries due to political, economic and cultural aspects. In the present work, the environmental laws of Brazil and Colombia are assessed regarding the management of contaminated sites and the aspects addressed in them will be compared, focusing on the parameters used for diagnosis, evaluation and monitoring of these areas. Three case studies of biogas monitoring in contaminated areas are presented with aiming to emphasize the relevance and the impact caused in the surroundings of these sites due to old solid waste deposits, since the decomposition of the organic matter present in them generates gases (biogas) that in certain concentrations may pose a risk to human health. Finally, it is recommended that regulatory frameworks in both countries focus not only on soil and groundwater quality control, but also on the control and monitoring of air quality within the scope of actions on contaminated areas management.
Keywords: Management of contaminated sites Environmental Regulations. Risk. Biogas.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Participatory Governance and Decision-Making: Oil and Gas in the Santos (Brazil) Coastal Region
E. S. Monteiro, I. P. A. Campos, E. P. Guerreiro (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The worldwide growth experienced by the industrial and services' business endeavors, in
recent decades, is correlated to major events that drive whole nations to pursue strategies
of local, integrated and sustainable development, built upon structural and conjunctural
change, stemming from human factors or from natural causes beyond mankind's influence,
and falls within the scope of innovative models of productive arrangements and supply-chain,
as is the case of networked corporative governance strategies for oil and gas. The present
study aims to identify and analyse the local and regional impacts on Santos City, Brazil,
resulting from the introduction of oil and gas production (originating in the surrounding presalt
stratum). The current state of a system for gauging the current-stage, and following the
evolution, of the participatory governance decision process controlling the production of oil
and gas in Santos is presented herein.
Keywords: Governance, participation, decision-making, indicators, oil, gas
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas: Educational initiatives towards a Sustainable Transition
ASHTON, W. S.; HURTADO MARTIN, M.; KHALILI, N. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); PANERO, M. (New York Institute of Technology, USA)
|
Abstract: The Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas project is a multinational effort aimed at facilitating the transition to sustainable industrial development in the region. The project incorporates multidisciplinary education in business, engineering, and environment as a collective response to the need for awareness of sustainability, technical competencies and innovative skills in industry across the Americas. Overall, this alliance helps generate a modern workforce to implement cleaner production practices, while also directly benefiting micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) participating in the activities. Faculty members collaborate with industry professionals in their respective countries to lead their students in conducting energy, process and material audits, developing strategies for improving financial and environmental performance, and helping companies to implement these strategies. In addition, the universities host workshops for industry participants to learn about best practices developed through the project. In this report, we describe the project and the results obtained thus far, including faculty capacity building, student training and work with MSMEs in seven countries from Latin America and the Caribbean. We discuss the challenges, successes and lessons learned achieving the goals of the project.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Multidisciplinary education, Higher education, Sustainable Industrial Development
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Spanish]
|
Performance Analysis of High Efficiency Thickeners to Supensions of Leachate
M. R. T. Halasz, F. P. Puget, E. F. Mai (FAACZ)
|
Abstract: Leachate is a dark liquid generated by the degradation of waste, potentially polluting. Usually
contains high concentrations of suspended solids, heavy metals and organic compounds.
Characterize the flakes from a process of coagulation-flocculation of slurry is essential for
calculations in thickeners, as well as identifying the optimum operation conditions, such as type
of coagulant, concentration and pH. In this study, after determining the optimal conditions of
flocculation were determined the diameter of the flake, the density of the floc, density of the
supernatant and porosity of the flake using the method of Bailey and Ollis (1986), as well as
some parameters obtained from batch sedimentation tests as average speed of sedimentation,
and speed of Stokes using the equation of Richardson and Zaki modified . Using this results the
flocs can be modeled using techniques proposed by França et al. (1999) and the results are
validated by experiments.
Keywords: Leachate, floculation, sedimentation
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Performance Assessment of a UASB Reactor of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
B. I. Silveira; M. S. Penafort; C. D. L. Alves (UFPA)
|
Abstract: Wastewaters of beverage industries are rich in carbohydrates, easily biodegradable, and with low suspended solids content. A UASB reactor, characterized by flocculated, compact and decantable granules of methanogenic sludge, has high degradation rate, and is adequate to treat effluents with these characteristics. This work was developed with the main objective of evaluating a UASB reactor performance used as part of an industrial wastewater treatment plant of a beverage industry of medium size. The reactor was monitored by a period of sixty nine days, being evaluated the physiochemical properties of the influent and effluent and the results were expressed as the efficiency of the reactor in the COD removal. The results showed that COD in the inlet of the reactor varied between 700 and 2450 mg/L, with an average value of 1520 mg/L and in the exit varied between 12 and 115 mg/L, with an average value of 66 mg/L. The oscillations in the inlet were due to the changes of the organic load of the influent and in the exit, it was a function of the reactor efficiency. The pH was evaluated in five point of the reactor content and the averages of these values varied from 6.4 to 6.9, within the range that the methanogenic bacterias have good performance, between 6.0 and 8.0. The temperature within the reactor varied from 28 ºC to 31 ºC, with an average value equal to 30.4 ºC. These data evidenced that the UASB reactor operated in the mesophlic range, between 25 and 40 ºC, and close to the range that is observed the best results of the COD removal efficiency, from 28 ºC to 34 ºC. The values of the COD removal efficiency varied from 90.8 to 98.9%, with an average value of 95.5%. From these results, it can be concluded that the pH and temperature stability of the reactor content was decisive in the maintenance of the high efficiency in the COD removal of the system and that the UASB reactor performance during the monitored period was highly satisfactory in terms of sustainability of an anaerobic treatment system.
Keywords: Wastewater, efficiency, UASB, COD, anaerobic treatment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Performance Evaluation of Corporate Sustainability in an Industry of Plastic Film
L. R. P. Kurtz, M. Borchardt (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The aim of this study is to qualitatively analyze the performance in terms of corporate
sustainability in economic, social and environmental prospects. The research method is an
exploratory case study, performed in a company producing plastic films, that looks for
identifying the level of importance and availability of application the applied practices related
to sustainability. Among the analyzed variables showed that the studied organization adopts
practices associated with research and development of new products with customers and
market, analyzing trends for its products when it comes to economic perspective. It already
has a social perspective, such as the company’s relationship with employees, internal
development these are items to be considered. About the environmental perspectives, the
approach follows the basic models of management in the control and the disposal of waste.
This despite being another relevant contribution to analysis, the life cycle of products is still if
infancy.
Keywords: Corporate sustainability, sustainable development, system management, stakeholders,
organization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Performance Factors for the design of Sustainable Logistic Platforms
C. C. Carvalho. J. C. F. Lima, O. F. Lima, E. W. Rutkowski (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The growth and development of large cities indicate a significant increase in economic
activities, the flow of goods distributed and the consequent loss logistical, environmental and
social issues. It is in this context that arise logistics platforms, transport infrastructures able
to improve this scenario. This paper proposes guidelines for the design of logistics platforms
based on identification of performance factors of technicians, environmental and social. The
methodology used was a multiple case study, having as a theoretical model that combines
the three visions of sustainability, triple bottom line. Factors were identified logistical,
environmental and social issues for the design of this type, but it is worth noting that both
the social and environmental factors are still lacking in this type of enterprise.
Keywords: Logistics platforms, sustainability, performance, triple bottom line
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Performance in Operations Systems: The Contribution of the Sustainable Manufacturing in a Printing Company
O. F. M. da Silva, V. Cavenaghi, G. C. S. Barros (UNESP)
|
Abstract: In the last decades of the 20th century, changes in patterns of competition, ways of
organizing work and production in line with the pressures of a growing population, economic
development and resource shortages were observed.
The search for sustainable models which are applicable to several productive activities
became a reality in the 21st century leading external and internal changes in organizations,
specifically in manufacturing ones, which can be change factors for the sustainability
performance measurement. The Sustainable Manufacturing and the measures of
sustainability performance, supported by tools such as the GRI Sustainability Report, have
emerged as alternatives to serve these new demands and they are gradually modifying the
current models of performance measurement systems. Therefore, this article aims to present
a proposal to introduce a program of sustainable manufacturing in the production system
and demonstrates its contributions to the performance measurement system of a printing
company.
We performed a literature review, data collection and documentary research describing the
main elements of sustainability management and performance management. The
researchers conducted a case study, identifying the steps in the implementation of the
sustainable manufacturing, performance indicators and considerable results in the use of
resources such as consumption reduction of electrical energy and water.
Keywords: Sustainable manufacturing, indicators, performance measurement
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Performance of a Bioreactor Using Organic Compound and Pall Ring Media for the Treatment of BTEX Vapors
SIQUEIRA, L. C. G. (CETESB); DE ASSUNÇÃO, J. V. (USP)
|
Abstract: In this study a laboratory-scale biotrickling filter was operated to investigate the performance on treating BTEX
(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-m-p xylenes)
vapours in a waste gas stream. In the experiment, a
column
containing a mixture of compost and Pall rings, and
the consortium of microorganisms presents in the compost
were tested to biodegrade the vapours of BTEX. Results showed that removal efficiencies were between 86.6 and
93.4% in the phase log (exponential growing) of the
consortium microorganisms in the compost after a period of
2-3 weeks for acclimatization for an inlet concentration in the range of 70 to 250 ppm. The maximum elimination
capacity (EC) achieved was 29 g/m3-h for a critical loading concentration (CL) of 46 g/m3-h for an empty bed
retention time (EBRT) of 2.4 min. The conclusion was that it is valid technology for the treatment of
BTEX with the
potential of meeting environmental requirements, and its application in Brazil is important as an alternative to
more impactful and costly technologies
Keywords: Biological air treatment, air toxic pollutants control, air emissions control in bioreactors, atmospheric
emissions, air pollution
|
Performance of Operations Sustainables of Process of Public Procurement
LINDNER, A. P.; BORTOLUZZI, S. C. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is a theme that has gained wide prominence in the last decades, given the scarcity of natural resources, environmental degradation, and it is important and necessary to include environmental and social aspects in contracting, given the purchasing power of governments. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate the performance of the sustainable operations of the hiring process at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Pato Branco. The study can be characterized as descriptive, and a case study was carried out. After the bibliographic review of the literature, an analysis was made of the tenders made by Câmpus in the years 2015 and 2016, available at the Shopping Portal of the Federal Government, in the pregão (electronic form), invitation and price Identify the materials, categories and amounts spent on the acquisition of materials and products with sustainable characteristics. Being materials: office, cleaning, electrical, graphic, air conditioners, and final waste disposal and engineering services. In 2015, the percentage of sustainable contracting was approximately 1% and in 2016 1.81% in the acquisitions, in the bidding modalities analyzed, and the sustainable public contracting carried out by Campus is still incipient. It was also possible to conclude that recycled A4 paper was purchased for a higher value in the years 2015 and 2016 when compared to white A4 paper but that the difference was minimal. Following this, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the head of the Purchasing Division to verify the barriers to sustainable public procurement, being: the legislation itself, the price, the quality of the products and, depending on the category of products, there is still no significant quantitative Suppliers to ensure broad competition. So it is possible to conclude that it is necessary to the UTFPR – Câmpus Pato Branco, to carry out a planning for sustainable acquisitions and to encourage the requesters to acquire environmentally friendly materials and products, since the legislation is difficult to make changes because it depends on the government.
Keywords: Public procurement, performance, sustainable and operations
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Perspectives of the Treatment of Swines Manures Using Bio Digestion in Carbon Market
F. M. R. Marques (BSP-Business School - SP); V. Parente; C. C. Silva (USP)
|
Abstract: The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects foreseen in the Kyoto Protocol constitutes an interesting way of protecting the environment of the planet and at the same time promoting the sustainable economic development in emerging economic countries. Among the possible CDM projects, the treatment of swine manures using bio digestion is seen as an opportunity for Brazil to participate actively in the carbon market. Brazil is now the third largest country world producer of pigs with a squad of 36 million animals. The present study aims to show that the treatment of swine manure using bio digestion, besides minimizing the environment impact, may contribute to eliminate the emission to the atmosphere of around 19 millions of tons of equivalent carbon dioxide per year, generating around US$ 78 annual millions in carbon credits for Brazil.
Keywords: Pig farming, carbon market, greenhouse, bio digestion, Clean Development Mechanism.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Performance of the Triple Bottom Line on Brazilian Industrial Production
NEVES, F. O.; SALGADO, E. G. (UNIFAL)
|
Abstract: Researchers emphasize that companies need to integrate the concept of sustainability into their strategies through the practice of organizational culture. This leads to the convergence of the domains of the relationship between production and sustainability through strategic management. this way, this concept of industrial sustainability is a crucial factor for the development of industrial volume. Therefore, the present paper aimed to study which factors of the triple bottom line (3BL) are influencing in the process of Brazilian industrial sustainability, represented by its industrial production. For this, the influence of sixteen factors was evaluated: economic, environmental and social sustainability and Brazilian industrial production through the adjustment of multiple regression models. Carbon dioxide (CO2), Workforce (FT) and Human Development Index (HDI) were the factors that influenced industrial production in Brazil. There was no adjustment of any economic sustainability factor related to the industrial production. The conclusions of this paper may be useful for industry as a research tool in different aspects of Brazilian industrial production.
Keywords: Triple Botton Line, Industrial production, Regression model
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Physical Arrangement (layout) and Cleaner Production (CP): A Theoretical Discussion
LINS, P. S. (IFAL/UFBA); CÉSAR, S. F. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: The design of the physical arrangement (layout) for the small business can reduce waste during processing, reduce the distances in the production and increase business productivity. These three practices can be matched with the principles of cleaner production (CP) to minimize waste. This study is a theoretical discussion about methods of physical arrangement planning and cleaner production (CP) and your integration possibilities to improve the quality of small business production. The main result is an overview of existing research on the two issues.
Keywords: Sustainability, Cleaner Production (CP), physical arrangement (layout), integration methods, small business
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Physical Indicators for Conducting Environmental Impact Study in Oceanic Cruises
CAVALCANTI, N. S.; PAZ, Y. M.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (Gampe-UFRPE)
|
Abstract: An Environmental Impact Study is a required procedure for obtaining environmental permits for projects
and
activities that use natural resources. This study aimed to establish the basic rules for the implementation and
development of an Environmental Impact Study in Oceanic Cruises regarding physical indicators. The methodology
applied in the preparation of the work was structured in stages Since this is a theoretical study were used only
secondary data. The approach to the subject was made looking up information in books, dissertations, periodicals,
specific legislation, etc.. Subsequently dialogues
were held with experts in order to obtain specific knowledge to
further deepening of the study, as well as interviews with officials from the Port of Recife to obtain
information
regarding the operational aspects of the port and the cruise. From all the information gathered was defined
indicators relating to physical aspects related to
environmental quality, as well as the qualitative and quantitative
description of those who have supported the development of two specific tables, they were the impact matrix and
worksheet weighted Tommasi (1994). Finally, we prepared a matrix multifactorial qualitative for serve
as a basis
on assessment of the potential impact on a spreadsheet and a weighted quantitative profile, based on the precepts
of the spreadsheet and qualitative identification of factors impacting greatest potential and from these measures
were outlined mitigating, minimizing and offsetting.
Keywords: Ocean Cruises, Environmental Impact, Environmental
Impact
Assessment
|
Physical-chemical characterization of residues from plum (Prunus salicina) orchards
R. Podestá; M. A. Vieira; C. M. Pagliosa (UFSC); K. N. Simas (UNIP); M. Maraschine (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Thinning fruits are considered as a residue from plum fruit orchards. Until the crop the
culture goes by several common processes in the horticulture, belonging one to them the
practice of the thinning that is characterized by the retreat of the fruits still green, 45 days
after the to budding totaling in 80 to 90% of the fruits of the plant, could represent 5
thousand tons of residue approximately for harvest, these are discarded in idle areas of the
property without defined use. Valorization from this residue, on clean technology concept,
needs a profound knowledge of its chemical composition. The aim of this work was
characterize the chemical-physical property of the thinning fruits (Prunus salicina cv. Harry
Pickstone), to study its possible application as minerals, organic acids and natural
antioxidants sources. Mineral composition of this residue shown the manganese as the
principal element, of the sequence: Mn > Na > K > Zn > Fe > Cu > Mg > Ca. High
Performance Liquid Chromatographic assay detected: gallic, caffeic, protocatechuic, syringic,
p-coumaric, vanilic and chlorogenic acids on phenolic fraction. Result suggests the use of this
thinning fruits as potential raw material of antioxidant compounds.
Keywords: Orchards, waste, physical-chemical characterization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Planned Obsolence and Sustainability
SATYRO, W. C.; SACOMANO, J. B.; CONTADOR, J. C.; CARDOSO, A.; SILVA, E. P. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Substantial increase in interest about environmental issues has occurred in the last decades with academy, industry, government, leaders and general society more concerned about sustainability. Although much research has been done on ways to provide better conditions of environment and cleaner production, little attention has been paid to the impact of the short life cycle of the current products in sustainability and also to the necessity of providing natural resources to supply goods to a human population with a growth rate never seen before. Using literature review and secondary data, the objective of this paper is to study the necessity of changing the paradigm of planned obsolescence to the one of long-lasting products and to present some suggestions on how to keep them updated under so many changes and innovation to which the products are subject in the present days. The originality and practical implications of this research is to arouse interest that global developing based on a consumption society is no longer sustainable, and a new and less consumerist society should replace the current one.
Keywords: Sustainability, life cycle, obsolescence, consumerism, innovation
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Planning and Production Control in Enterprises Incorporated in the Network Environment: Implications for the Occurrence of a Development with a Sustainable Basis
S. L. Kyrillos (IFSP), J. B. Sacomano (UNIP), J. B. de Souza (IFES), F. J. S. Milreu (USCS)
|
Abstract: According the requirements of the global market it is clear that the economic growth models,
based on the exploitation of nature, show clear signs of exhaustion.
So is necessary a new vision of manufacturing strategy, linked to the Planning and
Production Control with the objective of achieving both competitiveness and productivity to
achieve goals and accomplish goals.
The Brazilian business units, in accordance of the new demands imposed by the global
market, are under pressure from domestic regulatory authorities, international organizations,
social agencies and others organisms.
Is necessary that the business units will use appropriate technologies to manufacturing. So
increase awareness and employee training and print a professional management to business
based on sustainable manufacturing is fundamental.
If this occurs, Brazil may be one of most important countries in the business competitive
global scenario.
Thus, consider the business strategies in conjunction with the production strategies and
management tools, under the aegis of development with sustainable basis it becomes
important, since the production costs are very sensitive in function the current environment,
highly competitive.
Keywords: Business networks, planning and production control, sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Plasma Processes as a Cleaner Alternative for Cleaning, Corrosion Resistance, and Functionalization of Metallic Surfaces
T. García; E. Nascimento; E. Bittencourt (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The development of clean and efficient high vacuum technologies to replace traditional
methods for metallic or polymeric surfaces treatments to clean, deposit thin films, and
functionalize surfaces, constitutes a very important area of research. The increasing
concern regarding the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies
consists in an important objective in the modern world. In this context, cold plasma
technology represents an efficient alternative, which has been object of increasing
attention. In this work we evaluate the effect of plasma treatments on the removal of oil
from aluminum surfaces. Furthermore, processes of deposition, and fine film activation, were
studied on the surface previously cleaned. After a first plasma application to clean the
oil contaminated aluminum surface, a thin film of HMDSO was deposited to achieve
corrosion protection, and finally the deposited film was functionalized to obtain a surface
with a higher energy , to favor adhesion to different polymers. The evaluation of the
cleanness efficiency was conducted by means of the contact angle, and XPS. The nature of
deposited and functionalized film was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra Red
Spectroscopy (FTIR), angle of contact, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. A very significant
reduction in the carbon content of the surfaces, was abserced . An increase in the surface
energy of 95,48 mN/m was obtained . Cleaning, corrosion protection and functionalization
utilizing high vacuum technology can completely substitute wet processes associated with
undesirable high environmental impact. In the presentation other works developed by the
research groups will be discussed
Keywords: Plasma, cleaning, surface modification, hexamethyldisiloxane
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Political Economy of Sustainability: Payments for Ecosystem Services (PSA) on the Upper Stretches of Rio Tibagi, Paraná, Brazil
I. D. Zapparoli, F. V. D. Zapparoli, S. S. da Silva, L. S. Reichel (UEL)
|
Abstract: Water is the public domain and a resource indispensable to life. Therefore, the implementation of
public policies aimed at the proper use of this natural resource, is a challenge coupled with
economic growth. This work aims to verify of payment for environmental services (PSA) as a
means of protection of surface wellheads in stretches of River Tibagi. The hypothesis initially was
that this mechanism could contribute in building alternatives covering the conservation of water
resources. This paper used descriptive research as a methodology. The delimitation of the study
marched in the municipalities of River Tibagi in especially in area of Londrina e Ortigueira,
located in the State of Paraná. Through the study was not possible to conclude that the adoption
of this economic incentive in the country is recent and emerges as a complementary alternative
to the current mechanisms of Command-Control (CC). Experiments show that this may be the
correct path, but is a fundamental debate in the communities involved within the River Tibagi.
This study has not exhausted the subject and suggests how to search other instruments
continuity of financial compensation for the preservation of hydrology.
Keywords: Payment for ecosystem services (PSA), River Tibagi Basin, Londrina, Ortigueira
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Pollution Prevention in an Auto Assembly Plant in Hermosillo, Mexico
J. Esquer; N. Elenes; A. Zavala (UNISON, Mexico)
|
Abstract: The automotive industry is one of the main contributors to different types of pollutants. For
instance, waste from plastics, aluminum, cooper, rags, sandpapers, solvents and paints can be
generated. In particular, automotive painting processes generates, among other issues, VOC
emissions as paint solvents.
Automotive painting and coating products are formulated by using resins, pigments, volatile
organic solvents, and chemical additives. Unfortunately, the automotive coatings process ranks
at the top of the emission volume hierarchy. For this reason, knowing the pollution sources and
their characteristics in this sector is important for a proper prevention. Several initiatives have
been developed worldwide to promote occupational health and safety, and environmental
protection through regulations, code of practices, and guidelines for prevention.
The purpose of this paper is to show relevant results about a case study conducted into a
painting process within an automotive assembly facility in a northern city of Mexico, Hermosillo.
This study includes a pollution prevention analysis for such process, based in the US EPA guide
to pollution prevention. In addition, a literary analysis on preventive practices at regional and
global levels on the subject has been conducted.
The analysis within the painting process focuses mainly in the “Primer” phase which consists of
several steps starting with the sanding area and finishing in the manual zone area where paint is
applied in areas where robots did not apply it. Some of the wastes from this process are
remaining of sandpaper, contaminated rags, and paint and solvent residuals. Particularly, the
later represents a critical issue for environmental and occupational health. As a result, one of the
main conclusions of the study is that the lack of control of the process is one of the main sources
for solvent wastes. This can be improved by controlling application parameters and process
variables.
Keywords: Automotive industry, pollution prevention, painting process
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Brazilian Auto Refinishing Industry
ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico); VELÁZQUEZ, L. (UNISON-Mexico/Lowell University-USA); GIANNETTI, B. (UNIP); Y MONTES, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: This industry has been studied in developed countries. However, the results of a study in Mexico
showed that the industry can move towards more sustainable operating styles, also in developing
countries.
This paper shows the information obtained in 14
auto
body
shops in the city of Sao Paulo, which allows
to evaluating the opportunity to implement cleaner production techniques and Pollution Prevention
through a
program that runs on the cleaner production approach and pollution prevention to prevent,
reduce and / or eliminate occupational and environmental risks generated by the activities of these
workshops.
Keywords: Enviromental risk, occupational risk, cleaner
production, auto
body
shops
|
Portland Cement Production with Dregs and Grits from Kraft Pulp Mills Incorporation to the Clinker
TORRES, C. M. M. E..; SILVA, C. M.; PEDROTI, L. G.; FERNANDES, W. E. H.; BALLOTIN, F. C.; ZANUNCIO, J. C. (UFV)
|
Abstract: Kraft pulp mills are expanding rapidly in Brazil and industrial waste generation is increasing. Concern about the increase in waste generation and disposal are growing. Waste must be preferentially recycled or reused and when this is not possible, it must be disposed in an environmentally sound manner. Technical feasibility of using solid wastes from kraft pulp mills as raw material in other industries is an interesting approach to manage environmental and economic aspects of the industry. Pulp mill wastes are classified as non-hazardous and noninert according to the Brazilian NBR 10.004. This paper proposes evaluate the technical feasibility of the incorporation of alkaline wastes named dregs and grits, to cement clinker in different proportions as raw material in the cement Portland industry. The research was carried out in three steps. First, it was carried out the characterization of dregs, grits and clinker. Second, the preparation of specimens in the dimensions of 5 cm diameter and 10 cm in length approximately using different proportions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15%), of dregs and grits were made, Third, the laboratory testing (determination of soundness by the Le Chatelier method, determination of setting times, determination of water content of the paste with normal consistency, determination of compressive strength and static modulus of elasticity) were carried out. The results showed that the addition of dregs and grits to clinker up to 10% were feasible according to the Portland cement Brazilian standards.
Keywords: Kraft pulp mills, Dregs, Grits, Waste management, clinker
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Post-consumer Packing Residue Management: a Case-study on McDonald's
T. N. Lopes, V. A. Belo, M. R. Henrique (Unicastelo), A. Formigoni, E. F. Rodrigues, I. P. A. Campos (UNIP)
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Abstract: In view of the currently rising awareness on the sustainability and environmental questions
on the part of the general public, the present work reflects on the importance of
implementing an Environmental Management System, both as an image improving iniciative,
and as a source of financial return, for the companies that decide to take this step, and as a
source of environmental benefits for both the company itself and the society it exists within.
A case-study was performed to investigate the actuality of those concepts, focusing on the
fast-food services sector, McDonald's having been selected as a very representative large
company in this sector, which, therefore, presents the ideal conditions for the application of
environmental managemente techniques, in view of the high volume of residues it generates.
Hence, the present state of the quest for better solutions for the environmental problems, in
particular, and for residue management, in general, as actually undertaken by a big player in
the fast-food sector, is described and discussed herein.
Keywords: Waste management, packaging, post-consume, McDonald's
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Potential Environmental and Economic Savings by Using Rainwater in Subprefeitura Capela Do Socorro – São Paulo
COELHO, R. C. M.; BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The availability of drinking water has become a critical global problem due to: demand growth, especially in large
metropolitan areas, insufficient or mismanaged government investment; increased deforestation and irrational
water use due to lack of environmental education. Substitution of drinking water by other types of water, such as
rainwater and reuse for purposes that do not require drinking water, is one of the ways to partially face the
problem in favor of environmental conservation. The
present work compares the use of rainwater instead
of drinking water in Subprefeitura Capela do Socorro (a public buildings) – São Paulo, using the H. T. Odum 1996
emergy analysis, where a common metric, the emergy
written with "m" quantifies renewable, non-renewable and
purchased resources in the analyzed system. The calculated environmental payback is 7 months with
environmental benefits of 2.3E+16
sej / year. The estimated economic payback is 16 months with a savings of
R$ 42,239.00 / year. The possible uses of this rainwater are: washing streets of fairs, washing internals
courtyards, toilets and urinals, internals garden and vegetable garden water.
Keywords: Drinking water, rainwater, emergy analysis, payback
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Potential of “Urban Mining” Arising from the Reverse Logistics of Electronics, a Case Study of iPhone and iPad from Apple
EL-DEIR, S. G.; SANTOS, J. S. G.; SANTOS, L. A.; PINHEIRO, S. M. G. (UFRPE)
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Abstract: Mineral extraction is one of the primary sector activities that most impacts the environment. Arising of waste electrical and electronic equipment, various noble minerals such as gold, silver, palladium and cupprum are discarded, causing environmental and public health problems, and configure a waste of process of such metals. This article is studying the possibility of reuse such minerals, here called “urban mining”, from the case study of the iPad and iPhone, using general data minerals laptops and cell phones, crossing these data with information from the worldwide sales of these products in the period of 2007 to 2014, reaching measurements that can give a first look at the potential of such activity. This study is a reflection of “urban mining”, in order that this theme is focal for the sustainability sector.
Keywords: Planned obsolescence, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Precious metals
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Potential of Generation and Recovery of Domiciliary Solid Reject in the Western Paraná Region
JEBAI, G. T.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: Recovery techniques have been employed for organic and reusable/recycable domiciliary solid waste.However, the recovery of the third type of waste, comprising the domiciliary solid reject (DR), is rare or, in the most of cases, non-existent. Recent studies show that DRs can be used in pyrolysis processes to obtain coal and liquid and solid hydrocarbons. However, to size them the qualification and quantification of DRs are required. In this context, the paper presents the generation potential of DR in the 50 municipalities of the western Paraná region and proposes a new management model for these rejects. The methodological design is based on the possibility of recovery through its transformation into value-added products.Therefore, a prospective survey was conducted and its quantitative values were obtained from correlations that depend on different variables, being the main of them the urban population of each municipality.Through thematic maps, a subdivision of the municipalities in five DR management regions is proposed. In each region, an anchor municipality would receive the installation of an DR processing center.Thus, the DR processing plant installed in the city of São Miguel do Iguaçu would be responsible for processing 48,50 ton per day; in Campo Bonito 48,29 ton per day; in MarechalCândidoRondon 15,48 ton per day; in Céu Azul 3,11 ton per day; and in Iracema do Oeste 4,93 ton per day. From this perspective, the DR would be converted into raw material and the products of itsrecovery would return to the production cycle.
Keywords: Household solid waste; management models; potential generation of rejects
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Potential of Generation and Recovery of Hospital Solid Reject in the Western Paraná Region
JEBAI, G. T.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: In Brazil, the recovery of hospital solid reject (HR) is rare or, in the most ofcases, non-existent. Recent studies show that HRs can be used in pyrolysis processes to obtain coal and liquid and solid hydrocarbons. However, to size them the qualification and quantification of HRs are required. In this context, the paper presents the generation potential of HR in the 50 municipalities of the western Paraná region and proposes a new management model for these rejects. The methodological design is based on the possibility of recovery through its transformation into value-added products. Therefore, a prospective survey was conducted and its quantitative values were obtained from correlations that depend on different variables, being the main of them the number of hospital beds available in each municipality. Through thematic maps, a subdivision of the municipalities in five HR management regions is proposed. In each region, an anchor municipality would receive the installation of an HR processing center. Thus, the HR processing plant installed in the city of Campo Bonito would be responsible for processing 0.90 ton per day; in MarechalCândidoRondon0.75 ton per day; in São Miguel do Iguaçu 0.64 ton per day; in Iracema do Oeste 0.22 ton per day; and in Céu Azul 0.19 ton per day. From this perspective, the HR would be converted into raw material and the products of its recovery would return to the production cycle.
Keywords: Hospital solid waste; health services solid waste; management models
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Potential of Waste from Steam Treatment in Eucalyptus Wood as Natural Dye for Dyeing Cotton
ROSSI, T.; BRITO, J. O. (ESALQ); TRINDADE, N. B.; ARAÚJO, M. C. (USP)
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Abstract: Natural dyes are gaining importance due to minor damage to health and the environment. It has been proposed to
assess the potential for treating residue produced
eucalyptus wood steam coloring natural tissues. We
analyzed
the chemical and physical characteristics of the residue. We dyed cotton fabrics by using the process
of exhaustion
with residue concentration at 50% relative to the fiber mass without addition of metal salts. Also we
evaluate the
addition of metal salts, iron sulfate and potassium
aluminum sulfate (alum), called mordant in the dyeing bath to
increase the color range in dyed fabrics and their
effects on resistance to fading of fabrics. Then we evaluated the
Color fastness to washing of dyed fabrics by the ABNT. Fabrics were dyed footnote 5 of color transfer.
This showed
that the dyed fabric does not transfer color to the
white fabrics of any type of fiber which showed that the dyeing
with the residue of eucalyptus has characteristics
acceptable to the textile industry. Alteration of color after wash
was large; therefore, this dye can be a sustainable
alternative for products which require neutral or
acidic wash. Future studies should include assessments of color
fastness to light.
Keywords: Eucalyptus, textile, waste, dyestuff
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Practice and Procedures in Agroecology
M. R. F. A, Leitão; E. S. Silva (UFRPE)
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Abstract: All the data for this article have been collected and organized during the specialization course in Rural Family Agriculture and Education offered by 19 Universities in Brazil. In this course, the student Edvânia de Souza Silva wrote, under my supervision, the thesis 'Formation for the Transition of Conventional Agriculture to Agroecology Agriculture: The case of the diffusing family of Pajeú Mirim-Tabira/PE. Our research environment is the community of Pajeú Mirim, located 18 km away from its main city of Tabira. From the gathered data and debates developed there, we produced this article in order to raise thoughts about the speeches and practices built through our research process. Our main proposal is to contribute to the formation of a new professional in the family agriculture scenario in the countryside of the Pernambuco State. Thus, we gave priority to the learning experience of techniques, methodologies, and acquaintance among the 'true authors' of this history - the agriculturists - in a way to develop actions together, therefore contributing to the formation and understanding of the current transition from a conventional agriculture to a process based on agroecology. To achieve that, we focused on the use of different alternatives to help in the production system recovery, managing plagues, and diseases with natural defenses, rational use of water through an irrigation system by micron-aspersion and dripping. Our main research question relates to the agriculture scenario in the countryside that involves less diversification and lack of hydric infrastructure. In areas for agricultural production, families who own lands nearby the dam of 'Brotas' and the Pajeú river, plant fruits and vegetables using agrochemicals. In such manner, the debate on economic and environmental sustainability raises questions about changing the current planting culture to an agrochemical-free environment. Our methodology was based on the community needs and demands, considering the importance of theoretical approach for the farmers. Hence, the following activities were carried through:- Mobilization within community reunions, for a better interaction between agriculturists and researchers so they could preview and understand their own problems and demands;- Informal interviews with people from the community; - Trainings related to the negative impact of agrochemicals usage;- Trainings related to agroecological alternatives as a preparation for the natural defenses in the handling of plagues and diseases;- Experience and knowledge exchange between agriculturists and researchers. Our research sample consisted of three families with a certain level of awareness, following these criteria: to have access to their own water in their properties, which is an important requirement for proper production. That was possible because the families are located near the Pajeú river.
Keywords: Agroecologic, economical and environmental sustainability, natural defenses, rural Family agriculture and education
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Preliminary Assessment of Potential water Savings through Actions of CP in Cementos Cienfuegos AS
ALVARES, A. (Cementos Cienfuegos SA-Cuba); CABELLO, J. J. (Universidad de Cienfuegos-Cuba); ROMERO, J. L. (Cementos Cienfuegos SA-Cuba); SAGASTUME, A. (Universidad de Cienfuegos-Cuba)
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Abstract: In paper a quantitative analysis of the main processes consumers of water in the company Cements Cienfuegos SA
and actions focused to saving water through the introduction of the water recycled and use of the rain waters.
Also a preliminary evaluation of the proposed actions is carried out and concludes that this company has
potentialities of to reduce drastically its billing
of water and to improve its indicators of specific
consumption of
water.
Keywords: Cement, Water, Water Reuse, Water Management
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Preliminary Studies on the Production of Nanofibrils of Cellulose from Never Dried Cotton, Using Eco-Friendly Enzymatic Hydrolysis and High-Energy Sonication
E. Bittencourt, M. de Camargo (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: An ecologically friendly method, to obtain cellulose nanofibrils, starting from Never Dried
Cotton (NDC) is described, where cotton bowls are opened and maintained in water. NDC cotton
exhibits a highly accessible structure and porosity, thus allowing a more efficient enzyme action
and chemical treatments and derivatization. In this work, the conditions utilized to synthesize
nano-fibrils from NDC were also tested on once dried cotton; the latter failed to produce
nano-fibrils when submitted to the experimental conditions applied. A first-drying of cotton
fibers results in a structure characterized by a collapse of the NDC fiber structure , which
change from a circular cross section to its typical “bean- like” cross section, with reduced
accessibility and porosity, and lower water sorption capacity. Those changes are of the same
nature as the well known hornification described in pulp and paper science studies, associated
with irreversible reduced accessibility, which affects paper properties, and in general, the
utilization of cellulose for utilization as materials or fuel (i.e. alcohol) . In this work, enzymatic
hydrolysis of the fibers was followed the by high energy sonication for 20 to 50 minutes,
resulting in the production of nanofibrils when using NDC. Similar treatment applied to oncedried
cotton failed to produce nanofibrils. Although analysis of films made from hydrolyzed and
sonicated NDC material, with scanning electronic microscopy, disclosed micro-fibers lengths of
approximately 30 μm, and some nano-scale structures, only with Transmission Electron
Microscopy was possible to confirm the presence of nanofibrils, Structures with 50 nm in
diameter, were present after submitting the NDC to enzymatic hydrolysis , and high-energy
sonication. Both processes are considered eco-friendly: enzymatic hydrolysis and, especially,
high energy sonication which is gaining impressive industrial utilization in the last
decade.
Keywords: Never-dried cotton, cellulose, nanofibrils, ultrasound, hydrolysis
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Preliminary Study for Environmental Management in Surfboards Production
P. E. A. Grijó, P. Brügger (UFSC)
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Abstract: The surfboard industry, both in Brazil and the rest of the world, has for the past 50 years been
dumping toxic and flammable waste in normal landfill sites without any environmental treatment
or control. These residues, classified by the NBR 10.004 as class I, are considered dangerous,
have a high aggregate value and a very high decomposition time period. During the
manufacturing process of this product, the need for environmental management of these units
was identified, the aim of which is to reduce water consumption, electric energy usage and the
production of residues, as well as to increase the recovery of waste that cannot be eliminated.
It has been noted that this manufacturing activity can be re-dimensioned so as to minimize the
impact on the environment and on public health as well as to maximize financial resources.
Since 1999, it has been found through alternative research into the waste recovery generated in
the production of surfboards that this could be an end-activity within a process of sustainability,
and hence it confirmed the necessity of working primarily with changing the culture of waste and
consumerism prevalent in this industry. To bring about this initiative, there needs to be a system
to promote environmental education and awareness at the socio-entrepreneurial level, and to
produce a diagnosis in a surfboard factory, with the aim of formulating a reference model of
ecological responsibility. This will be achieved through the promotion of debating forums and the
formulation of an Environmental Management for the surfboards industry.
Keywords: Environmental education, environmental management, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Principles Of Thermoelectric In Small Properties
L. L. Silva; M. S. Alves; V. C. Silva; A. L. Rocha (IFAL - AL)
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Abstract: Among the various types of renewable energy, biomass stands out as chemical energy
with high energy density and ease of storage and transport conversion. The residues
forming the biomass are from the anaerobic biological degradation of organic matter,
and consist of a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, where these materials are
submitted by biomass reactor combustion for the production of biogas. The reactorr is
a device designed to contain biomass and its product: the biogas. There are several
types, are generally composed of two parts: a tank to house and allow the digestion of
biomass, and gas tank to store the biogas. Biogas is a mixture of methane, 65% of the
volume, and other gases in smaller quantities that represent the remaining 35%. By
comparison, one cubic meter of biogas is equivalent to: 0,613 liters of gasoline, 0,553
liters of diesel, 0,454 liters of gas for cooking, 1,536 kilos of firewood, 0,790 liters of
hydrated alcohol, 1428 w of power. Creativity allows multiplication of the use of biogas
in an agricultural property, just for this, that the scale producers the ability to generate
its bioreactor. Therefore, it can becomes a factor of real energy independence. The
experimental part of this work is the production of biogas through the cattle, taking
the first good results, however, with still some adjustments to achieve the main
objective is the production of electricity through the gas. This gas is used as fuel for a
stove that burns after heating the water thereby generating a certain pressure, the
steam will be led by a simulated turbine that is connected to the generator thereby
producing enough energy to meet the consumption and especially with the use of
energy sources available, which provides clean and environmentally sound solutions for energy generation and low financial cost.
Keywords: Biomass, bioreactor, biogas and generate electric
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Process Management to Obtain a Cleaner Production in Discrete Manufacturing
SANTOS, C. J.; BRANDAO, V. B.; EMBIRUÇU, M.; BARBOSA, A. S. (UFBA)
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Abstract: In the national scene and the imminent presence of the water crisis in Brazil, it becomes mandatory to debate of environmental issues in the production environment as well as in its various sectors of activity. Human interference leads to a scarcity of natural resources caused, in most cases, poor management of these resources and the lack of proper management of waste generated in all processes. This article presents a case study of the implementation of a cleaner production methodology (CP) through the management processes of the existing workflows in a cleaning products company, aimed at implementing practical solutions to reduced consumption of water. These solutions, which include changes in the physical structure of the machines, alongside a joint work with the PPC and other areas involved, combining market strategies and productivity in order to reduce the setups of machines and use of water resources.
Keywords: Sustainability, Cleaner, Water Resources Production.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Processing Centers in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining: Evolution or More Pollution?
M. M. Veiga (University of British Columbia-Canada)
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Abstract: This article discusses the technical evolution observed worldwide in the artisanal and smallscale
gold mining (ASGM) sector. At first glance, the centralization of mineral processing
activities in local centers seems to rationalize the production and educe the dispersion of
polluting tailings in rural areas. However, the rise of processing centers around the world is
taking advantage of the ignorance and lack of capital of the artisanal miners. These centers
receive gold ores from miners and process using poor grinding and amalgamation processes
to extract less than 30% of the gold. As payment, miners leave the tailings (residues) at the
centers which are processed by cyanidation to extract residual gold. The cyanidation of Hgcontaminated
tailings produces mercury-cyanide complexes that are not always recovered in
the process of activated carbon or zinc precipitation. As a result, tailings discharged into the
local water streams carry mercury either as soluble cyanide complexes or Hg droplets. Some
technologies to extract gold in small-scale to replace amalgamation are discussed and the
cyanidation of concentrates in small-ball mills is highlighted as the most promising one. Any
technique to replace mercury should invest in gravity or flotation concentration in order to
reduce the mass of material to be leached or melted. This reduces dramatically capital and
operating costs. There are a few processing centers, in particular at the South of Ecuador,
doing responsible and cleaner gold extraction. They are integrating miners in the evolution
process and creating a new breed of professionals in the small gold industry. The
proliferation of these centers is possible but private capital is the main key factor since most
Governments of developing countries do not have the understanding and the capacity to change the behavior of artisanal miners.
Keywords: Gold, mining, mercury, cyanide, technology
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Produced Water Treatment by Nanofiltration
TURRA, C.; GIACOBBO, A.; BERNARDES, A. M. (UFRGS)
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Abstract: The problem about produced water (PW) is worst if we consider that, for a single gallon of petroleum, there are three gallons of produced water as byproduct. PW is composed of a wide range of salts, suspended solids, chemical products such as antifloculating and anticorrosive substances and some organic products, being a treatment necessary either to disposal to the environment as to reuse . For this, the membrane processes such as ultra, micro and nanofiltration is becoming an option. In this study, nanofiltration (NF) membrane was characterized in terms of hydraulic permeability (Lp) and rejection coefficient (f), to be used as membrane process for onshore PW treatment. A synthetic effluent, simulating PW from onshore platform, was treated by NF in different operational conditions, combining three values of feed flow rate (96, 192 and 240 L.h-1 ) and pressures varying from 2 – 6 bars. Temperature and pH were practically constant, with few modifications during the assays. The optimal regime, ie. feed flow rate and applied pressure, was the combination of 192 L.h-1 of feed flow rate and 6 bars of pressure, which was capable to remove more than 81% of ions present in the synthetic PW. Between all the assays, the NF membrane was washed until Lp reached at least 90% the initial value. This fact proves that NF is a very effective method in salts removing from PW, promoting water reuse, recycling and correct disposal.
Keywords: membrane processes, nanofiltration, reuse and disposal, produced water treatment
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Product Ecodesign model based on Life Cycle Assessment
J. Staniskis; V. Varzinskas (Kaunas University of Technology - Lithuania)
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Abstract: Product life cycle thinking is essential in the path to sustainability by expanding the focus on the production site to the whole product life cycle facilitates the links between the economic and environmental dimensions within a company. Life cycle thinking is about widening views and expands the traditional focus on manufacturing processes to incorporate various aspects associated with a product over its entire life cycle.
Implementation of environmental requirements into product development is important both from an environmental and business perspective. The most directly achieved benefit is the reduction of environmental impacts from increased levels of consumption, in other words the mitigation of causes of environmental problems both at global and local level. Ecodesign (also design for the environment, life cycle design, environmentally-conscious design) is the systematic methodology that incorporates environmental considerations into the design process of products.
At the heart of eco-design is the concept of the product life cycle. Product life cycle starts with resources taken from nature, goes on to the production of materials and manufacturing processes, packaging and transport, the use and maintenance of a product and finally concludes at the end-of-life stage. The term life cycle thinking refers to the integrated approach that has to be applied with the aim of designing more environmentally compatible products.
The investigation studies of applying Eco-design model in Lithuanian industry have been done in the framework few international projects, academic and scientific research. The main objectives of the study were to make analysis of eco-design situation in Lithuania, to create dynamic model for systematic use of different tools for the environmental product development and to apply this model in the process of creation of new products in Lithuanian industry.
Keywords: Life cycle, ecodesign, product development, environmental performance
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Product End-of-Life, Remanufacturing and Reuse Market: Trends, Barriers and Challenges in a Case Study
M. Bouzon, C. L. Cardozo, C. M. T. Rodriguez, L. A. Gontijo, A. A. Queiroz (UFSC)
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Abstract: Within the current environmental context, the focus of society and businesses is oriented to
finding solutions to reduce environmental impacts which are also economically sustainable.
Accordingly, remanufacturing deals with issues related to environmental impact reduction
such as the economy of material, energy, capital, labor, and emissions used in the
manufacture of products. However, remanufacturing deals also with variabilities and
inefficiencies that are barriers to the business’ economic sustainability. This paper presents
perspectives of product end-of-life and describes the state of the remanufacturing industry
and reuse market. To complement the existing literature, a case study was conducted in a
remanufacturing telecommunication products industry in southern Brazil. It was found that
the studied company does not collect end-of-life products - it receives only aftermarket
products and products for repair. The company fears selling remanufactured products at
lower prices for the reuse market may cannibalize the sale of new products. Furthermore,
the remanufacturing processes were observed to involve several wastes, which confirms its
status of “immature” industry.
Keywords: Remanufacturing, reuse market, product end-of-life, sales cannibalization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Production of Bio-Fertilizer (biol) from the Bio-Digestion Effluent to Improve the Emergence and Growth of Seedlings of Agronomic Interests
VIERA FERNÁNDEZ, M. B.; STOBBIA, D. A.; LEDESMA, A. (Córdoba National University, Argentina)
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Abstract: The use of bio-digesters is a clear example of Clean & Sustainable Technology, transforming disposals in biogas and solid and liquid fertilizer, both at domestic and commercial scales. The bio-digestionis a natural process that corresponds to the anaerobic cycle of carbon, actioned and combined with different groups of bacteria in complete absence of oxygen, using organic material to feed and reproduce. In this digestion is possible to identify two types of products as fertilizers, the liquid bio fertilizer which is called “biol” and the solid fertilizer which is called “biosol”. The biol is the liquid effluent which is frequently discharged from the digester; and through filtering and flocculation the liquid and solid parts are separated. This bio-factor promotes vegetable growth and can b\e applied to the seed through imbibition. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the reutilization of the effluent from the bio-digestion as bio-fertilizer in the states of germination and seedling. The following treatments were proposed: 1: 100% water; 2: 75% water and 25% Biol; 3: 50% Water and 50% Biol; 4: 25% Water and 75% Biol; 5: 100% Biol. The diluted biol to the fourth part (2) turned to be an improver of germination power and of the seedling growth of agronomic interest.
Keywords: Effluent, bio-fertilizer, germination, seedling growth
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Production Of Biofuels From Cassava Starch Producing Wastewater
F. Lamaison; V. Reginatto; E. R. Amante; R. V. Antônio (UFSC)
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Abstract: Greenhouse gases and global warming are current problems caused by the high fossil fuels
demand. In this context it is important to search for alternatives energy sources. Biofuels, as
methane and hydrogen can be produced from organic wastes or wastewater rich in
carbohydrates. In the present work it was studied the possibility to use the cassava processing
wastewater, named manipueira, for fermentative biofuels production. An anaerobic bioreactor
with 2 liters volume was used applying an organic loading of 2997.5 mg/L.d of COD. The
performance of the bioreactor was monitored daily by the determination of COD, acidity and pH
in the manipueira and in the bioreactor effluent. It was observed a COD consumption of about
22%. The average of the total biogas volume produced daily was 469 mL. The theoretical
composition of this biogas was calculated as 35.93 and 64.07% of methane and hydrogen,
respectively. Such values were very similar to the experimental ones, 37.67% of methane and
62.32% of hydrogen. This work showed the possibility to use cassava processing wastewater, a
high concentrated organic pollutant, as substract for production of hydrogen, a very energetic
and clean biofuel.
Keywords: Wastewater, manipueira, fermentation, biofuels
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Productive Potential of Green Manures Aiming Rotation with Sugarcane, in the State of Alagoas
OLIVEIRA, T. B. A. (UFSC/UFAL); BORNIA, A. C. (UFSC); OLIVEIRA, M. W. (UFAL)
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Abstract: In a neat agricultural production system, it is essential to minimize the disruption to environment as
well as to
optimize the production factors. In Brazil, the sugarcane is considered as clean energy source. However, one must
be aware of the changes caused by sugarcane production system, which can cause physical and chemical deterioration to soil. To maintain the physical and
chemical properties of the soil cropped with sugarcane, the
rotation with leguminous plants is recommended because they are easy to grow, present high biomass production,
vigorous root system, besides their high capacity to fix nitrogen from atmospheric air. In this study,
the productive
potential of seven leguminous plants grown in Rio Largo, State of Alagoas, on northeastern Brazil were
evaluated
during two years. Sowings took place on early April
and the cutting of the plants for evaluation of the nitrogen and
dry matter accumulation was performed at seed formation stage. The Cajanus cajan, the Mucuna aterrima,
the
Canavalia ensiforme and the Mucuna nivea were more
effective in accumulating dry matter and nitrogen in
aboveground biomass. However, because their very long cycles, they do not allow rotation with cane. On
the other
hand, the crotalarias juncea, ocroleuca and spectabilis showed lower productive potential, although showing good
adaptation to rotation with the sugarcane of one year and half. The results showed the use of the crotalarias
(juncea, ocroleuca or spectabilis) under rotation with cane rather results higher dry matter production and higher
nitrogen supply to soil, in comparison to natural vegetation (spontaneous), when optimizing the production factors
and mitigating the effects from the physical and chemical deterioration of the soil.
Keywords: Sustainable development, cleaner production, energy, crop rotation, nutrient cycling.
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Projection of Energy Efficiency Gains by Using the Hybrid System in the Public Transport of Passengers
SILVA, H. R. O.; PARIZI, C. C.; ABRAHAM, E. R.; MACHADO, S. T.; COSTA NETO, P. L. O.; VENDRAMETTO, O.; MEDINA, F. A. S. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Although the concept of sustainability be placed in the context of cities with emphasis on balance of economic, ecological and social dimensions, the collective passenger transport in urban centers of large cities is a major challenge for public management, both for mobility urban as for the reduction of pollutant emissions and respiratory diseases. For example, the majority of vehicles for public transport are operated with diesel fuel and / or biodiesel which generally raises a concern due to adverse effects on human health caused by the emission of particulate matter. In this sense, the public transport of passengers performed by hybrid vehicles can be an alternative to reduce the emission of pollutants. This work aims to analyze the feasibility of replacing the vehicle fleet diesel for hybrid vehicles in the city of São Paulo. Thus, there was the projection calculation for renewal of the bus fleet of the city of São Paulo from conventional vehicles to hybrids considering a renewal rate of 10% per year. The results showed that the planning of replacement for hybrid vehicles by 2024, would reduce CO2 by 77.5%, thus contributing to the environment, better air quality in the São Paulo city center and reduction of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular.
Keywords: Fossil Fuels, urban centers, cleaner transport, Sao Paulo
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Promoting Cleaner Production through Innovative University Research Methods
B. Kura (University of New Orleans)
|
Abstract: Using private and government funding, researchers at the University of New Orleans (UNO)
designed and built an Emissions Test Facility (ETF) under their clean technologies initiative which
is being used to train graduate and undergraduate students. The role of Emissions Test Facility
(ETF) is very important in developing clean/environmentally-friendly technologies. The ETF at
UNO is scalable to the needs of the processes to be optimized and allows monitoring of process
parameters and the quantity/characteristics of waste streams. This ETF also contains a two stage
air pollution control system to prevent contamination of the site being used for the
research. An exhaust fan with flow controller is equipped to study the emission variations under
variable ventilation conditions. Exhaust rates can also be related to wind speeds in case of
processes performed in open-air conditions.
UNO’s ETF has been successfully used to optimize dry abrasive blasting process commonly used
to remove paint, rust and other surface contaminants before new paint application of metallic
surfaces. Blast pressure, abrasive feed rate, type of abrasive, level and type of contamination,
and many other process conditions influence (1) energy consumption, (2) material consumption,
(3) productivity (how fast the surface is cleaned), (4) used-abrasive generation, and (5)
quantities and characteristics of air emissions. By simulating the process within the ETF, various
process, performance, and environmental (waste potential) parameters were measured. Thus
ETF was helpful in understanding the inter-relationships among process parameters, types of
abrasives, and emission potential which helped in developing predictive mathematical models.
These models now can predict (1) productivity, (2) material/energy consumption, (3) air
emissions, (4) used-abrasive generation rates, and (5) life cycle costs.
ETF is being used to simulate and optimize other industrial processes to increase understanding
of inter-relationships and develop predictive and decision-support tools. This research setup and
approach greatly supports the concepts of green engineering, design for the environment,
clean/environmentally-friendly technologies, environmentally-preferred material selection, life
cycle cost reduction, pollution prevention, health risk reduction, and overall improvement of
quality of life. This paper presents some salient features of the research approach, recent
experiences, and outcomes.
Keywords: Abrasive blasting, particulate emission factors, emissions modeling, waste from abrasive
blasting, abrasive ranking
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Proposal for a construction system based on sustainable use of sawmill waste
E. Grinover (Grinover Associados); Y. Ogura (UNIP); C. S. Carvalho (Universidad Alberto Hurtado - Chile); C. Moliterno; A. R. P. L. Albuquerque (UNIP)
|
Abstract: We present a proposal for a system of sustainable construction that allows maintaining the
life under the natural world. The proposed system uses wood from "profit", that means,
waste from outside the standard commercial. These wastes are usually burned in the open
fire perennial causing release of large quantities of CO2, the main greenhouse gas effect. In
this system the recovery is pasted to form the parts of the building (walls, ceilings, tiles,
etc.) allowing a pre-molded construction site in the works clean and boost the economy in
the world for this technology is the strong commitment it has environmental preservation
coupled with technological development.
Keywords: Wood use, greenhouse gases, system constructive development, environmental preservation,
forest management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal for a Preliminary Model of Integrated Product Development Oriented to Production Activities
FAGAN, A. M. V. (UTFPR/PUC-PR); CANCIGLIERI, O. (PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: This work was directed from a study of the phases of the development cycle of PDP and PDIP models, and of works that approached the integration of the manufacture to the development of products. It was verified that the integration of the manufacturing to the PDIP presents gaps, mainly in the phase of production, since the majority of the works are focused in the stages of design and do not consider the complete cycle of development of the product. Therefore, the objective of this work was to propose a preliminary model of integrated product development oriented to production activities throughout the product life cycle. The proposed model presents three phases and seven stages, where each stage has specific activities integrated with the production. As a next step, the model will be tested in Multiuse Goods Not Consumers of clothing products belonging to the fashion corridor, located in the state of Paraná.
Keywords: Integrated Product Development Process; Project; Manufacturing, Cleaner Production, Concurrent Engineering
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Proposal for a Value Stream Mapping Method Integrating Sustainability Indicators
MORAES, A. J. I.; HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP)
|
Abstract: In the current scenario, in generally the companies are increasingly looking to the use of sustainable practices in their business processes in order to maximize their profits, with best environmental practices, and especially the company's image enhancement to the community through actions social. Given these variables today and other of the past, operations management models have evolved over time due to the need imposed by society. However there are many challenges in the quest for sustainability, but this work of the emphasis in the manufacturing process in the pursuit of sustainable products and sustainable transformation. In the process of transformation practices and initiatives LM (lean manufacturing) has been used to reduce waste, minimize environmental impacts and provide better social conditions. The use of the VSM tool (Value Stream Mapping) developed by the LM is used to map a process flow in order to highlight the seven major waste losses. However some studies have added social and environmental indicators by the VSM, evaluating them independently. This work aims to present a methodology for developing a method of value stream mapping integrating sustainability indicators, in order to assess the level of sustainability of a manufacturing process as a whole (economic, environmental and social). With the proposed method was possible to measure the sustainability level of grip in the manufacturing process.
Keywords: Sustainability indicators, lean production, operations management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Proposal for Integration of Sustainability in the Process of Rational Planning
L. C. Silva; O. L. G. Quelhas (UFF)
|
Abstract: Since the presentation of Sustainable Development concept by United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development, many initiatives to reach the sustainability can be found in the
literature. This article originates from the literature review of sustainability and planning theory
and propose a simple structure, which applies the concepts of sustainability within the steps of a
process of rational planning to move towards sustainability. It also provides a conceptual and
practical understanding of sustainability to be tested in practice.
Keywords: Sustainability, planning approaches, racionality
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Proposal for more Sustainable Re-Moisturizing Tobacco Leaves
GOUVEA, C. A. K.; BÓRZIO, R. F.; HURTADO, A. L. (IST/SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: The re-moisturizing is an important step in the processing of tobacco leaves. It is crucial to obtaining the final
moisture content of processed tobacco, essential for their physical preservation, handling and ensuring
conservation of their intrinsic qualities. Current
techniques of tobacco leaf reumidificação uses water vapor and,
therefore, have high energy consumption for steam production, high water consumption for the steam generation,
a constant vapor generation promotes corrosion and
requires intensive and constant equipment maintenance,
finaly, treat a large amount of boiler blowdown water consumes chemicals and energy. The aim of this work was
to test a tobacco leaves re-moisturizing by steam created from cold water mist generated by use of ultrasound.
For experimental testing bench was developed a Test
Box, which was attached to a commercial humidifier
equipment, simulating an industrial vapor re-moisturizing camera. This Tests Box was built to assess the ability of
re-moisturizing tobacco leaves with cold water, testing the differentes positions for water mist entrance, different
positions for ventilation or suction of steam mist,
always comparing in the same time required in the
industrial
plant. The measurement of the initial and final tobacco moisture was made by mass loss in a apropriated
laboratory equipment, applying the tobacco industry
methodology. From these assays could be proved the
more
sustainable re-moisturizing process is possible having the leaves with the necessary final humidity in the industrial
required time and also was find a more efficient position for the water mist get into the Test Box.
Keywords: Tobacco, Re-moisturizing, Ultrasound moisturizing,
sustainable re-moisturizing
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal of a Template to Sustainability Management by Integrating Triple Bottom Line and Balanced Scorecard from the Quality Management
NICOLETTI JR., A. (UNIMEP); OLIVEIRA, M. C.; HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP/Mackenzie)
|
Abstract: This article aims to propose a model for corporate Sustainability Management based on the integration of the Quality management system with the triple bottom line (TBL) pillars of sustainability and the organizational performance perspectives of the Balanced ScoreCard (BSC). The theoretical survey verified the increase of studies about the development of management models considering the operations management in sustainability. However, it was verified a gap in literature of the full integration of the concepts involving TBL and BSC, as a management model to corporate sustainability. The construction of the model contemplated the fulfillment of the 12 noted correlations between the TBL pillars (economic, social and environmental) and the BSC perspectives (people, process, market and financial), comprising both the requirements of sustainability and organizational performance.
Keywords: sustainability, Balanced ScoreCard, Triple Bottom Line, organizational performance, Quality management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal of Calibration of Questionnaire for Evaluation of Happiness
SOUZA, R. R.; ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a proposal for the calibration of a questionnaire for the evaluation of happiness. The calibration aims at the practicality of the instrument with similar valuation to that obtained by the application of the questionnaire model of the Bhutan Studies Center (BSC). Initially, the BSC model questionnaire was adapted, excluding questions linked to specific cultural aspects of Bhutan, and the open-ended questions were transformed into closed-ended multiple-choice questions. The BSC model questionnaire has 209 questions, which integrate 33 indicators divided into 9 domains. This extensive questionnaire requires considerable time, resulting in little practicality and high application costs. For this reason, from the extensive questionnaire, a reduced questionnaire was formulated with care to maintain the 9 domains (psychological, time use, health, education, cultural diversity, good governance, community vitality, ecological diversity and standard of living). Questions were taken from the extensive questionnaire so that the score resulted in an amount equal to or greater than 70% of the total domain. The reduced questionnaire had 79 questions and 21 indicators. The two questionnaires were then applied (extended and reduced) for two study groups: a group of 6 postgraduate students and the other 6 family heads of a low-income community. In this experiment, the time of application and the level of sufficiency reached in each domain was evaluated. The average application time went from 3 hours (extensive questionnaire) to 30 minutes (reduced questionnaire). However, when comparing the final score scores by domain (sufficiency level) of the extensive and reduced questionnaires, differences (for each study group) were observed in the sufficiency level in some domains. To achieve the same result by using the reduced questionnaire, calibration criteria were developed. The criterion for intervention in the reduced questionnaire was to add questions until a similar value was obtained for the level of sufficiency, and the difference of one level of proficiency per domain for a single interviewee was tolerated. As a result of the calibration, the student group questionnaire had 111 questions and 26 indicators. In this case, there was intervention in the areas of cultural diversity, well-being and ecological diversity. In the case of the interviewees from the low-income community, the questionnaire, after calibration, had 107 questions and 25 indicators, being calibrated the areas of the standard of living, education, community vitality and ecological diversity. The results show that depending on the target population, the domains to be calibrated may vary. The calibrated reduced questionnaire, besides reducing the application time by 6 times, about the extensive questionnaire, results in a similar assessment of happiness. A calibrated questionnaire, the result of this research, can contribute to public policies, where they influence people's way of life.
Keywords: Happiness. Calibration of the questionnaire. Gross Domestic Happiness.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal of Environmental Recovery of the Urban Area of the Ouro Monte River Watershed
D. Mondardo; P. P. Bellon; L. B. Santos; C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE); A. F. Haoui (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The transformation of the rural environment into urban environment will always result in
important ecological changes. The planning of a city mustn’t be linked only with the urban
center, but also with the rural places, including an ample region, inclusive hydrographical basin,
if they exist.
It’s necessary to do a study of the soil use and its discipline, verifying the areas of using,
occupations and activities to be done to keep its quality and its balance in an acceptable level.
Therefore, the purpose of this project is to assess the environmental aspects of the “Monte
Ouro” river source and to propose solution to recover the same one. Also, to the stretch which
goes through the neighborhood “Parque Independência”, located in Medianeira borough,
proposing conscientious alternatives to the soil treatment, creating a drain treatment system,
generated by the drain of rain waters residences. It also suggests a plan of environment control
to possible future problems in the neighborhood.
Keywords: Urban, ecological planning, sustainable environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal of Guidelines for Sustainable Buildings Planning
OLIVEIRA, M. L.; QUELHAS, O. L. G.; SIMÃO, V. G. (UFF)
|
Abstract: This article proposes guidelines to be incorporated
in the planning phase of sustainable buildings construction.
Based on theorist knowledge and empirical research,
it presents concepts of sustainability and its application in
designing sustainable buildings. Processes and planning requirements are dentified under the assumptions of
sustainable development. The research method used is qualitative, applied. Performs comparison between
sustainability concepts are identified in the scien
tific literature, and planning practices of building surveyed in the
business practices. Experts were interviewed in order to prioritize the guidelines identified in the literature review
and in business practices. The search result sets guidelines for planning sustainable buildings.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, sustainable building, construction management, sustainability engineering
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal of the New Model for Solid Urban Waste Management
C. F. M. Morejon, J. F. de Lima, W. F. Rocha, R. D. Possa (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: With the uncontrolled increase of solid waste production, consequence of the increased
population and inadequate management of these residues, the environmental problems and
public health have increased. In the current scenario waste is a "curious" indicator of
socioeconomic development of a nation, ie, the more of the growth economy, reather the
volume of waste produced. But, the tragic side of this scenario is a consequence of the
management model implemented, depending on the case the waste can pose a problem, and
at the same time can mean the source of solution the problems caused. In this context, this
paper discusses and proposes a management model urban solid waste on the basis of
methodology and technology developed at the university (PI 0801312-8). The analysis made
diagnostic, identified the advantages and disadvantages of conventional models, and
explained the opportunities of a new management model based on differentiated methods in
the steps of collection, transport, recovery and disposal of urban solid waste. The laboratory
results demonstrated the technical, economic and financial viability of the of the new model
proposed, in which the waste is no more a cost factor, it is an investment opportunity. In this
proposal, the economic variable is the greatest attraction for individuals at the same time as
the impacts on the environment and society are also positive.
Keywords: Urban waste, collection, transport, processing, recovery
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal to Include Sustainability Aspects in the Product Development Process
LEÓN, C. A. V.; CORDEIRO, G. A.; DEPAULA, C. P.; PACHECO, JR.; COOPER, R. E. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Innovation and sustainability are considered imminent trends for companies that seek to continue competitive in a globalized market. Part of the responsibility to build a more sustainable society is associated with the capacity of the Product Development Process (PDP) team adopt these concepts in its routine in the business environment. In this scenario, there are few researches that consistently addresses the insertion of sustainability in the PDP, more specifically regard to the Triple Bottom Line (economic, social, environmental) dimensions, factor by which sustainability is measured. Considering that few surveys show clearly this relationship, this paper aims to contribute to the improvement of the PDP through the theoretical suggestion of incorporating sustainability aspects, in this case 11 approaches and tools that are applicable in the different PDP phases. Furthermore, is specifically defined in which phase this concepts should be applied.
Keywords: Sustainability, Product Development Process (PDP), Triple Bottom Line, Sustainability Approaches and Tools
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposing Robustness Index for Emergy Accounting
BUENO, M. F. F. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: The robustness of a scientific method must be investigated with the aim of identifying the main variables or factors that influence its results or answers. A method is considered robust if insensible to deviations of the suppositions it bases itself upon. This study proposes an equation capable of assessing the robustness of emergy accounting, with the aim of establishing parameters and identifying factors that can affect results obtained when using the method. Emergy environmental accounting is used to assess the use of resources in the production of a product or service. It is an innovative method, however, it still lacks standardization of evaluation procedures. An equation to identify the robustness of a group of systems and the emergy ternary diagram to present the results were used in this study. Results obtained from applying the equation to a group of systems were compatible with their dispersion in the emergy ternary diagram. The area defined on the diagram can indicate the probable interval in which future studies will have their results inserted. That is due to the fact that the inflows necessary for the production of a product or service direct a given system and are, basically, the same for similar systems.
Keywords: emergy, ternary diagram, robustness, robustness index
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposal to the Residues Reduction in the Process of the Plasma Cutting of a Manufacturer of Building Systems
G. S. Milan; F. Z. Guedes; F. B. Angnes (UCS)
|
Abstract: The paper aims to develop a proposal for a reduction in the residues volume in the process of
the plasma cutting in a manufacturer of building systems. For this, specific studies on the
cleaner production and residues reduction supported a better understanding of these concepts
and on the environment in the company serving as a theoretical basis for practical application in
the development of specific objectives from the main objective, that is to reduce the volume of
residues from the process of the plasma cutting, mainly from scrap metal derived from this
process. Thus, the specific objectives have been met regarding the proposal, but the
effectiveness of the result can only be measured after the actions implementation to continue
getting future due to demand of time for implementation. However, it is clear that to have
sustainable development as a guarantee of competitiveness, the company should focus its
strategies in prevention and correction actions of problems rather than only attack their effects.
Keywords: Cleaner production, residues, reduction of residues
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposals for the Recovery of Waste Processing of Orange Juice
K. Rezzadori; S. Benedetti (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The Brazil is the world's largest producer of oranges. Most of the Brazilian production,
concentrated in São Paulo State, is for the juice industry. One of the main problems faced by
industrial processing of orange juice is the large volume of solid and liquid waste produced. The
present work proposes alternatives to the minimization and recovery of solid and liquid waste
generated in the processing of juice, based on processing a large company in São Paulo State.
The alternatives were proposed based on information and data from literature and the concepts
of clean technologies.
Keywords: Recovery of waste, orange peel, by-products
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposed Indicators for Assessing the Environmental Performance of Production Processes of Sugar-Energy Plants
REBELATO, M. G. (UNESP); MADALENO, L. L. (FATEC); RODRIGUES, A. M. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The sugar-energy industry, even governed by a series of laws and ordinances regulating their activities with
respect to their environmental impacts, has been subject to seizure by environmentalists because it is a type of
industry that employs production processes with intense waste generation. However, there is not in national
literature a work that presents a comprehensive set of environmental indicators adapted to the industrial
operations of sugar-energy production. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop and present a set of
environmental indicators that are applicable to the
production processes of sugar-energy plants. From
the study of
the production process, we identify the steps that
generate waste and by-products, the characteristics
of each
waste or by-product and the relevant legislation. With this, we developed an environmental indicator for each
waste/byproduct identified. For the perfect definition of each indicator we define its purpose, its justification, and
its standard evaluation procedure. As a result, it is shown a set of 23 architected indicators in order to highlight,
from the destination that the plant give to the waste or by-products generated, the level of environmental
suitability in the management of each of them.
Keywords: Environmental performance indicators, environmental performance of sugar-energy plants, ethanol production,
sugar production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposed Methodology of Cleaner Production with Quality Tools
D. A. L. Silva, B. Barra, A. R. Ometto (USP)
|
Abstract: The Cleaner Production (CP) aims to minimize waste generation, making the production process
more efficient. The CP implantation methodology is widespread in the literature. Nevertheless
however, it does not deal deeply and clearly questions such as "what tools to use in collecting
and analyzing data from the production process?", or "how to prioritize improvement actions
most important?". Therefore, the authors of this study noticed the existence of problems or gaps
in the CP methodology when it comes to deploying the program in companies. For example,
delays during CP implementation activites and the gathering of false and/or incomplete
information, which may hinder the decision-making. The goal of this paper is to propose
solutions to these observed deficiencies. In order to do that, we suggested changes in the CP
implementation methodology and the use of quality tools. These suggestions were made for
each step of the methodology, based on literature review and critical analysis, turning the CP
program implementation clearer.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, pollution prevent, quality tools, source reduction, environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposed Structure of the Solid Waste Management in the Corporate Environment
T. S. Pinheiro, R. B. Prota, C. M. C. Rocha, N. S. Cavalcanti, G. S. El-Deir (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Um Plano de Gestão Integrada Corporativa de Resíduos Sólidos – PGICRS visa à An
Corporate Integrated Management Plan for Solid Waste - PGICRS aims at reducing
environmental business passive, both in production area and in administrative spaces, as
regards the shopping, management and relocation or disposal of materials. In this context,
the objective was to generate the beginning of a Solid Waste Management - GRS for "Company A ". It began with the situational diagnosis, realized through on-site observation,
interviews with employees and evaluating formal documents of the company. Interviews
indicated that staff have superficial knowledge about environmental issues, but recognize the
importance of selective collection. Based on data collected from existing reality and the
potential for change, in accordance with the guideline of management, was conducted in a
coordinated way, systemic and integrated approach, a proposal that PGICRS told how the
basic principles of compliance with current legislation, Environmental Education, the 3R's and
the PDCA cycle, also were deployed to GRS logistics, ensuring worker safety, the relevance
of integration with strategic planning and the creation of the steering committee.
Keywords: Corporate Environmental Management, environmental perception, waste, environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposition of a Method for Remanufacturing Based on QFD
F. N. Puglieri (USP)
|
Abstract: The increasing of eco-design methods during the last decade helped designers to consider
the environmental issues in the product development. But many of these methods don’t
analyze the end-of-life strategies of the product, as for example the remanufacturing. This
paper has as the goal to propose a method based on Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
applied on the remanufacturing. This method can help designers in the early phases of the
product development where the main decisions about remanufacturing must be taken.
Keywords: QFD, remanufacturing, product development
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposition of a Model for the Environmental Impact Assessment in the Apparel Industry
CASTILLO, L.; TEIXEIRA, G. (UFPE)
|
Abstract: The garment industry generate impacts to the environment which need to be assessed in order to optimize the
overall environmental performance of the production
process of fashionable products. This paper proposes a
methodology to measure these environmental impacts,
based on the analysis of the production processes
of a
medium-size garment industry. For the definition of
the model we take into consideration a series of guidelines
based on the postulates of Design for Sustainability (D4S) and the systems and tools commonly used for
environmental management. The model proposes a way
of mapping the production processes as well as analyzing and measuring the impacts generated by the creation and production of fashion artifacts.
Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, cleaner
production, design for sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proposition of Implementation EMS and CP Actions in a Textile Machinery Industry, Curitiba-PR
MACENO, M. C. M. (UFPR); VELOZO, T. G. (UTP); CANEDO, P. L. R.; SILVA, M. C. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The environmental pollution has intensified its rise in the 80's, 90's and 2000s due to the growth of
industries
allied to capitalism and consumerism. Along with this growth from environmental degradation, there was
a
concern with the preservation of this environment,
in order to maintain the continuity of human life and the earth.
This concern quickly spread to businesses through legal and quality improvements in the environmental
performance of organizations for environmental preservation. In this context, emerged the ISO 14000 series of
standards and techniques of cleaner production (CP)
, in view of the enterprise application and this performance
improvement. Therefore, this study sought to integrate the quality management system of a company of textile
machinery to environmental management system (EMS)
based on the model of ISO 14001:2004, and raise
possible CP actions in this organization. To permit
evaluation of the EMS implementation, the survey was first
conducted in component processes of manufacturing,
as well as the environmental diagnosis of the organization.
Then, analyzes were performed of the quality management system (QMS), which was already implemented and
certified in the company studied, and we sought, through the quality of the documents, build bases and integration of EMS systems. Subsequently, the items
were developed components of the environmental
management system as standard: environmental policy, raising environmental aspects and impacts, legal
requirements, goals and objectives, programs and procedures. In addition, a survey was conducted of certification
costs. Finally, critical points were verified environmental performance in the company and proposing alternatives
for improving indicators of control. According to the results, it was perceived that the organization already
contained a well-reasoned, mainly due to the presence of the QMS deployed. For the implementation of the EMS,
the main barriers were found to standardize procedures and environmental controls as well as employee
training.
The main actions to improve environmental performance were the recycling of treated effluent for use in cleaning
the metal parts and the fate of metal powder grinding for recycling, eliminating the environmental liabilities of the
company regarding this waste and enabling a reduced
cost of disposal.
Keywords: EMS, CP, Company of textile machinery, Actions
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Proyecto Piloto Implementación de la Metodología de Producción Más Limpia en la Universidad de la Salle Bajío Escuela de Turismo y ECEA
S. P. López, M. A. M. Centeno, L. M. V. Castillo, F. G. Olvera (Salle Bajio University-Mexico)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Bajio Cleaner Production Center (CPLB) in its project
conducted jointly with the University of La Salle Bajío (Universidad de La Salle Bajío). The
project called "Pilot Implementation Cleaner Production methodology at the University of La Salle
Bajío Tourism and ECEA Schools”. The objective of this project was to detect the potential
savings in the use of raw materials, water and energy, and also contribute to a productive
efficiency and reduction of operating costs of companies in this sector. In addition to the
economic and environmental benefits by the Cleaner Production (CP) and Energy Efficiency (EE)
Implementation, under this scheme all schools that make a Cleaner Production project can get
the "Clean Company" Certificate issued by PROPAEG, so in a single project, the university could
obtain environmental regulatory compliance, financial savings, public image, increased
competitiveness, and minimizes negative environmental impacts and the efficient use of raw
materials, water and energy.
The “University of De la Salle Bajio” is located in León, Guanajuato, México. Some of the results
obtained are: train at least a thousand students on the importance of pollution prevention and
productive efficiency in educational institutions. The detection of areas of opportunity in CP and
EE in the University can lead to an estimated economics savings. The implementation of CP and
EE at the University is being translated in a decrease in water consumption of 2,038.65 m3/year.
The Tourism/ECEA Building produces an average of 21.5 tons of garbage per year of which
37.8% are recycled. The raw materials produced at The Tourism/ECEA building are paper,
carton, plastic, glass y aluminum and 53.4% goes directly to the dump. 80% of these materials
are organic, so there is a big percentage that can be used to produce compost for the green
areas of the university.
There will be a reduction of electricity consumption of 275,709 kWh/year; all this can be
translated in a decrease of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere of about 180 tons per year.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Universidad de la Salle Bajío, pilot project
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Public Environmental Management: Risks and Problems of Garbage in the City of Pelotas / RS
A. S. S. Kautzmann; M. G. S. Nogueira; G. D. O. Casalinho (UFPel)
|
Abstract: Nowadays, the humanity faces the accelerated depletion of planet’s natural resources in a pace
never seen in history. The disorderly growth of the population to levels far above the natural
ecosystems and supported by the pressure exerted by this phenomenon, is certainly one of the
most important factors for the ecological damage. The large-scale production and wasteful
consumption, are other factors that cause, besides the depletion of natural resources, the
involvement of whole environments, as people not knowing who to target as many packages and
objects into disuse just throwing them in rivers , streams, soils, forests, etc.. Besides the
increase in the amount of trash each other due to the growth in levels of consumption, we
should consider the fact that this garbage becomes every day less organic, and therefore less
digestible. Only Brazil produces 240 tons of garbage per day. Environmental management is a
large management mechanism and must be assimilated by all social sectors. With the direct
action of communities, these problems could be minimized by organizing, for example, the
selective waste collection, among other programs. A selective collection, simplified, which
educates the public to separate their garbage at home, at least two groups, the organic and
recyclable, it is something essential that urban management can no longer postpone. This study
was performed in the city of Pelotas, in the company Sanep - Autonomous Service of Sanitation
of Pelotas, where were identified projects under implementation, related to environmental issues
most pressing in the city. Due to the exploratory nature of this work, with the content analysis
was possible a more complete and adequate knowledge of the reality. This perception was
through interviews with the engineer responsible for managing the city's garbage. Evidence
shows that the participation of citizens, communities and civil society as a whole is essential to
sustainability and the minimization of risks and environmental problems caused by trash in the
city of Pelotas.
Keywords: Environmental management, garbage, selective collection, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Public Policies: Their Contribution to Reuse and Recycling Process of Small and Electronic Medium-Sized Enterprises
DIAS, V. S.; BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: It is estimated that 80% of companies in the electronics industry are micro and small enterprises. Waste production processes of these companies have similar characteristics to electronic equipment (WEEE). These wastes require proper disposal in order to minimize environmental impacts. Public policies and government programs could be the link to leveraging the reuse and recycling of waste from production processes of the electronics industry. This study examined how public policies contribute and encourage reuse and recycling process of waste generated in micro and small enterprises in the electronics industry. A multiple case study was conducted with 12 micro and small enterprises located in southern Brazil. It is observed that: (i) companies are unaware of the legislation on the treatment and disposal of waste; (ii) do not notice the presence of financial and non-financial incentives that could encourage reuse and recycling practices, (iii) their wastes are predominantly sell for the informal market of scrap; and, (iv) interviewers do not observe a proactive role of officials in charge of public policy. The current public policies for micro and small enterprises studied do not consider the needs of businesses. Besides, they are not easily accessible. Interviewers commented that laws are punitive instead of instructive. It was not observed stimuli to the articulation of each member of the production chains to induce the use of best practices of reuse and recycling processes. On the other hand, companies consider that their waste have little commercial value, which generates little commitment to seek information about reuse and recycling alternatives.
Keywords: WEEE, electronic wastes, small and medium-sized enterprises, public policy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Public Politics: The Reality in the Practice of Management Agreements
VIEIRA, L. L. (Ministry of Planning/UnB)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a new version of public policy
for government transparency outlining their necessary functions
in a context of economic globalization, to enable the fulfillment of social demands and the competitive insertion of
Brazil in international markets.
In this sense, were adjusted to the role of promoter and regulator of social and economic development
and
strengthening their capacity for formulating and evaluating public policies; The increase its governance, ie its
ability to implement public policies, from the view
point of efficiency , efficiency and effectiveness
through the
introduction of new organizational models and new partnerships with civil society, establishment of management
contracts / agreements for management / partnership terms, and finally, the modernization of management.
E-government includes three of the seven lines of
action of the Information Society: Universal service, available
to all Government and Advanced Infrastructure. And
finally the System Integration and Intelligence Information
Government i3-Gov, developed open platform. Thus, new trends are reflected in shared management and
interagency involving the public sector, the productive sector and growing voluntary sector or third sector (Frey,
2002).
Our waxed paper with the result presented by SICONV
systems - Covenant of the Federal government, which
adequately meet the assumptions of service and transparency, but needs improvement in regard to the
participation of Government and assumption without
state interference.
Keywords: Transparency in government, new technologies and public service, government, information systems, e-Government
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Quality Control in Water Treatment Plant
HONORATO, T. Z.; COSTANZI, R. N. (UFTPR)
|
Abstract: The increased demand for water in urban centers has
caused greater concerns about the reliability of drinking
water supply systems, specifically for quality and
quantity of water distribution. The aspect of quality can be
determined through appropriated operation in Water
Treatment Plants (WTP), especially when using river
s like a source of water. The variables monitored in this study at a conventional WTP were pH and turbidity. These
variables can be considered as main parameters to check the performance and process control by statistical
methods of quality, such as control charts and process capability indices. The calculation of process
capability
indices allows evaluating the performance of the process for the production of drinking water within limits specified
by rules or laws. In this way, the performance of a
WTP can be controlled by statistical process control to minimize
the consumption of chemicals and the generation of
excess sludge. This work applies statistical control techniques
in a WTP in the city of Londrina.
Keywords: Water treatment plant, quality control
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Rainwater Use in Modular Green Roof System for Application in Drainage Systems
ARAÚJO, A. P. C. S.; PUZZI, L. C. M.; BALDIN, M. G.; SQUIZZATO, R.; SOTTI, G.; COSTANZI, R. N. (UFTPR)
|
Abstract: Nowadays, most of the cities are increasing their population combined with disorganized and unplanned
urbanization. This fact leads to a change of soil use with serious consequences for urban drainage systems.
Therefore, the flooding risk rises as well as the peaks flows in runoffs. Thereby the use of sustainable drainage
techniques includes green roof systems to mitigate
peak flows and capitalize on a portion of the rainwater. A
modular green roof system was installed at Federal
Technological University of Paraná in Londrina city. The system
was examined over 47 days and were measured evapotranspiration and precipitation data, which the average of
evapotranspiration was approximately 1.9 ± 0.93 mm.d-1. In the end it showed 94.57 mm of evapotranspiration,
191,3 mm of drainage with an accumulation of 6.83 mm and 292.7 mm of precipitation and irrigation. The
reduction of the average volume of the drainage system was 46.4%. The modular green roof allows a significant
reduction on the effective precipitation in the drainage system.
Keywords: Rainwater, green roof, sustainable drainage techniques
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguuese]
|
Reactive and Vat Dyestuff in the Dyeing of Cotton: A Review of Energy and Water Consumption, Ecological Analysis and Effluent Treatment
ROSA, J. M.(UNICAMP/SENAI); TAMBOURGI, E. B.(UNICAMP); SANTANA, J. C. C.(UNINOVE); COSTA, M. (SENAI)
|
Abstract: This study compared
reactive dyestuffs and vat dyestuffs in the dyeing of cotton, evaluating the reuse of the
effluent generated, the ecological costs, as well as comparative testing for color fastness to water and perspiration
acid and alkaline. The experiments with vat dyestuffs showed slight advantage in ecological costs, generating less
molecules of carbon dioxide than the experiments conducted with reactive dyestuffs, lower consumption of energy,
greater possibility of reuse of treated effluent, which presented decolorization efficiency above 99% in all cases, in
addition to higher values in the wet fastness properties
Keywords: Reacitve dyestuff, vat dyestuff, dyeing of cotton, ecological costs
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Reasons for introducing Ecodesign: a case study in the automotive industry
M. Borchardt (UNISINOS); L. A. C. Poltosi (Leonel Poltosi - RS); M. A. Sellitto; G. M. Pereira (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to present a case study in the automotive industry. The aim is to identify the reasons for introducing ecodesign techniques. Ecodesign searches for innovative solutions in designing and development of new products, taking into account, at the same time, environmental and economics issues along the life cycle of products, which can contribute to sustainability. The paper presents the research methodology and a review about ecodesign. Then, we describe the findings. The report contains some environmentally accepted practices in the automotive industry, the search for the motivation of the company for implementing ecodesign, and concludes with the process of implantation, design policies and a preliminary assessment of the results yielded. We remark that, due to technical difficulties with data-bases, the company has not yet implanted the life cycle analysis, which could be made along with the ecodesign. The paper closes off with final comments and directions for further research.
Keywords: Ecodesign, life cycle analysis, green products, environmental management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Recovery of Heavy Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards through Microbiological Leaching, Using Consortia of Acidophilic Chemolithotrophic Bacteria
MEJÍA RODRÍGUEZ, B. J.; BOSSIO CERPA, L. V.; ALBIS ARRIETA, A. R. (Universidad del Atlantico - Colombia); BARROS MARTÍNEZ, A. M.; MEDINA BUELVAS, A. M. (Universidad Libre - Colombia)
|
Abstract: An alternative to reduce environmental impact and cost in the extraction of metals from electronic waste is the use of bacterial leaching processes. In this work, the recovery of heavy metals from wasted printed circuits boards (WPCBs) of desktop computers through bacterial leaching processes has been investigated. Consortia of chemolithotrophic acidophilic bacteria were obtained from acid water and rocks from a local mining action, and from microorganisms isolated from WPCBs. We used X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify the amount of metals present in WPCBs before, during and after exposure with the isolated bacterial study consortia. Growth conditions of the microorganisms were studied, metal leaching rate present in the WPCBs by these consortia was determined under different conditions of pH, temperature and agitation in several bioassays. This study demonstrated the bioleaching of toxic metals such as lead, nickel and chromium, as well as other metals such as iron, calcium, zinc, manganese, copper, osmium, tantalum, platinum, and gold.
Keywords: Bioleaching, heavy metals, chemolithotrophic bacteria, printed circuit boards (PCB), adaptation.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Recycable Waste Grinding Container
SOUZA, M. C.; NORONHA, V. T.; SANTANA, R. C. A.; CARVALHO, P. S. G. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The growing concern of global organizations on environmental issues has generated discussions about
methodologies and strategies that will ensure the sustainable development of enterprises and businesses. The
strategy logistics business is a key factor in its
success where seek continuous improvements related
to
environmental issues.
In this context there is the opportunity to work in
structuring reverse flows of products as a way to
address these
concerns. Reverse logistics is a key strategy for the organization that seeks to improve its image with consumers,
sustainable development and economic advantages and
is being developed by various global organizations.
The objective is to bring consumers a product that
not only meet their needs and aspirations, encourage the
separation of recyclable waste and crushing them. It is also objective of this work, the awareness of
the need to
rethink attitudes and individual and collective actions that can provide sustainability of the planet.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, grinding, separation of recyclable waste, environment, economic advantages
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Recyclability in Wind Power Area and the Consequent Economic and Environmental Impact
LIMAD, W. G. N.; SILVA, M. L. P. (USP/CEETEPS)
|
Abstract: Wind power plays an important role as sustainable energy source, but some technical issues of wind power area can be a severe drawback on the development of wind farms in the short term. One important question is repairing of wind turbines, huge and high technological equipment which recycling poses crucial environmental and economic problems. Thus, this work aims for a better understanding of material balance and specification regarding recyclability and usability of wind turbines that suffer corrective maintenance. The applied methodology was the case study. The case study site chosen has a specific area only to deal with repairing and recycling. Process audit shows several steps that, if correctly managed, could save for recycling a large amount of metallic material. Considering the high cost of the discharged material, this can be an excellent opportunity for medium and small enterprises.
Keywords: Wind power, waste minimization, flow analysis, industrial symbiosis
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Recycling Management Considering the Dispersion of Supply Sources - Collection, Storing, Selection, Classification and Distribution of Waste Discarded Scrap for Reprocessing - A Study of Reverse Logistic
E. Lopes (Independent Researcher)
|
Abstract: Recycle management is seen here as a sector of reverse logistic. The author developed a
conceptual work methodologically directed to organizational intelligence in the logistic field
and so, in recycling management. The dispersion of supply source is the most important
problem in this field, making management a complex activity dedicated to the optimization
of distributed factors, that still escape control in spatial and temporal vectors. Such factors
are attributed to human, equipment and materials. Recycling management problems become
associated to knowledge management (KM) equated in a context of SCM – Supply Chain
Management. Some device may facilitate objective reply and actions concerning who should
get what, where, in what volume, with what operational means, where it should be stored,
what actions should be executed in what location, how long this activity will take. It will also
answer whether that should be an isolated activity or whether it should be articulated with
others. The author points to the efficacy of organized models with special attention to his
SGR that has as one of its most interesting applications the capacity to be a model of
reference for the elaboration of corporative portal. The group of solutions for recycling
management consists of three recommendations: 1 – to implant virtual community of agents
or a corporative portal as a virtual social web; 2 – to adopt a new transport system
combining, 3 - priority production cooperatives.
Keywords: Recycling, reverse logistic, organizational intelligence, management, dispersion
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Reduction in Generation of Scrap Metal by Internal Reuse and External Recycling at Serralheria Montanheza
A. D. Bernardino (UNA), E. N. Aqua (Aquateck Associates Florida-USA), L. R. S. Vieira (SECTES)
|
Abstract: The Serralheria Montanheza (Montanheza Metalworks) is a microenterprise with 02 owners
and 4 employees. The company produces thermo-acoustic roofing, both glass and
polycarbonate, ladders, handrails of stainless steel and steel, fences, gates and doors.
During the year 2010, data was collected from Serralheria Montanheza which resulted in this
pioneering and innovative proposal in this sector. The data demonstrated the need for the
implantation of the UNEP Cleaner Production Methodology (CP).
The objective of this Case Study is to set up a segregated scrap metal collection program, in
which the company would separate the different kinds of scrap metals generated during its
production process for external recycling. The scrap metals would be delivered to “Bolsa de
Resíduos da FIEMG” (The Residue Exchange of FIEMG).
The program would generate new business opportunities, that is, strengthen the local metal
recycling market, with the help of the private sector.
There are different kinds of scrap metals in Serralheria Montanheza waste (stainless steel
and steel) around 900 kg/year. The segregation process should be as efficient as possible to
obtain maximum economic benefit.
The average purchase prices of the scrap metal in the Belo Horizonte market, in November
2010, were: stainless steel series 400 at R$500,00/ton., stainless steel series 300 at
R$2500,00/ton., and steel at R$150,00/ton.
By segregating metallic residues it will be possible to quantify the volume and cost to
Serralheria Montanheza. As a result, it will be possible to identify the best opportunities for
business in the exchange market.
Currently, Serralheria Montanheza gets no revenue from scrap metals sales, as there is no
segregation program and these metals have been donated.
By using the scrap metal segregation tool, the company might have earned, for example,
R$148,92/year at November 2010 price quotes.
This revenue would represent around 35% of one monthly energy bill of Serralheria
Montanheza.
An indicator would be used to track and evaluate scrap metal generation. This indicator will
be called The Scrap Metal Generation Indicator and will measure by kilogram of scrap metal/kilogram of stainless steel and steel.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, scrap metal, indicator, recycling and business
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Reduction In Waste Of Firewood And Raw Material Applying The Methodology Of Cleaner Production In The Sector Of Red Ceramic In Seridó Region
E. P. Almeida; L. R. Porto; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; A. F. F. Queiroga (CEPIS-PB); I. Costa (IFET-PB)
|
Abstract: This work shows and discusses the outcome of opportunities for cleaner production in 05
Potteries located in Seridó - RN, precisely in the region of Carnauba dos Dantas, using the
cleaner production methodology. Due to the amount of waste that occurs in the red ceramic
industry, this study aims at map ping opportunities for cleaner production, generating
improvement options for the identified opportunities to support the implementation of these
options and show a reduction in the consumption of firewood on that region. The stages
consisted of advice from a rapid diagnosis, awareness meeting, measurements, generation of
options and action plan. Data logger, pyrometers, Digital Pliers and Dynamometer were used to
the step of measurements in order to quantify losses and consumption and the behavior of the
burning curve. The results show that all companies had potential for improvement, especially in
the following aspects: the preparation of clay, the burning process, in electric power
consumption and the large amount of rewor. It was concluded that the predicted total
environmental benefit (reduction in consumption), due to the changes in the process was: 3.546
st of firewood; With good operating practices: 1340 st of firewood; improvement in the control
of the process was: 216 st of firewood.
Keywords: Red ceramic, cleaner production, energetic efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Re-engineering Process to Reach Sustainability in Laboratories of the University of Sonora
J. Esquer, K. Pérez-Gámez, N. E. Munguía (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: There are several ways to contribute to sustainability in higher education institutions. One of
them is the implementation of programs for handling hazardous wastes and materials that
reduce or eliminate the impacts on health and the environment in laboratories and
workshops. This paper presents a research on Mexican universities environmental programs
that are integrated into the Mexican Consortium Universities Environmental Programs for
Sustainable Development (COMPLEXUS) and in the Institutional Program of Environmental
Health and Safety of University of Sonora (PISSA-UNISON), to know the tendencies in the
management of hazardous materials and wastes and to propose recommendations to
improve this line of action of PISSA-UNISON. In addition, a survey to laboratories users to
diagnose their knowledge about general aspects of sustainability and safe management of
hazardous materials and wastes on campus was conducted to this end. The students, who
had taken environmental, health and safety and sustainability courses, and professors, were
interviewed. Results showed deficiencies on safety and pollution prevention practices in
laboratories. A plan to improve safety in laboratory practices under PISSA-UNISON
framework was proposed to strengthen this program as a contribution towards sustainability.
Greater institutional support and agglutination of isolated efforts are considered essential to
achieve sustainability on campus.
Keywords: Sustainability, PISSA-UNISON, Hazardous wastes and materials, Environmental Programs,
Sustainable Development
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Reflection on the Concept of Sustainability and its Completeness Proposition
COSTA, H. K. M.; SIMÕES, A. F.; SANTOS, E. M.; BECK, R. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: From the ECO-92 the term sustainability has been used in all international meetings and entered definitely on the
agenda of commitment of various organizations and companies. However, apparently, the concept of sustainability
remains elusive in terms of limits and scope. The objective of this research paper is to introduce a discussion of
the concept of sustainability. Thus, from a rescue
of its meaning and verification of the fluidity of
its contents, the
paper pointed to the absence of a clear conceptual
systematization. This scenario allows the expansion
of its
content. Although, it also can cover up problems that society and its agents do not want to deal with.
From an
initial connection with the biological sciences and
the physical limitations of the Earth, the definition of
sustainability penetrated the economic model of production for contesting the legacy of the current generations for
the future generations. Therefore, the argumentative method proposes the expansion of the dimensions of
sustainability for completeness. It is proposed that the sustainability meaning encompasses in its content the
ethical commitment of the present generation. The argument built aims to put the sustainability in front of the
oneness and wholeness of the human species. It is in this sense an individual responsibility and social
commitment. The human being is regarded as the focus of analysis and within an integral perspective, or better,
completeness, incorporating four dimensions: social, environmental, economic, and worldview. The conclusion
shows the integral sustainability is the awakening
of human beings to their potential and the expansion of their "inner self". It is the assumption of individual responsibility, from the perception of acting locally
to the globally.
The integral sustainability considers the personal
attitude that expands towards each other, the environment and
the planet Earth.
Keywords: Sustainability integral, individual responsibility, social commitment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Reflections on the Concept of Sustainability, its Adjectivies and Human Unity
COSTA, H. K. M.; WEBER, N. A. B.; MOUTINHO DOS SANTOS, E. (USP)
|
Abstract: Using of the term sustainability appears in our times as one of the words most in vogue in society. The term appears in various branches of society and spreads itself by various social, political and economic sectors. It can also find a clear correlation between sustainability and practices that protect the environment. Also, there is the correlation between sustainability and the discussion of the improvement of human and social relations, with a focus on reducing poverty and marginalization. The term also has ample space in the theoretical constructions of the natural sciences. Ultimately, what is sustainability? In order to contribute to the elucidation of this issue, this paper, through the descriptive, historical and normative methods, seeks to understand epistemologically the term sustainability. Then, it finds out the evolution of the adjectives over time, as well as its content in the context of the physical limitations of the earth. Finally, the paper makes up a reflection on human integrity and sustainability.
Keywords: Epistemology of Sustainability, adjectives of Sustainability, Human Uniqueness
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Reflections on the Management of Household Hazardous Waste in the Context of Urban Environment Policy
FREY, M. R. (UNISC); FREY, I. A. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: This work aims to contribute to the reflection on the management of household hazardous waste, specifically fluorescent lamps, harmless to the home user while intact. The problem is the inadequate handling and disposal of these bulbs, once they contain mercury, which is extremely harmful to health and the environment. The methodology used was the bibliographic research exploratory descriptive of qualitative approach, seeking to identify and discuss the legislation on the subject: fluorescent lamps. In legal terms, to support the discussion, it was analyzed the urban environmental policy of the City Statute and the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS, in Portuguese) established by Law n. 12.50/10. Although Brazil has a regulatory framework for solid waste management on an equal level to the main developed countries, it was observed that environmental laws do not guarantee the effectiveness of local actions, necessary for the proper disposal of fluorescent lamps as well as other household hazardous waste.
Keywords: Household waste. PNRS.Urban Environmental Policy.Disposal of fluorescent lamps
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Rehabilitation Program of the Central Area of São Paulo (Procentro) and its Influence on the Formation of Heat Island
W. M. La Rubbia, A. R. de Aquino (IPEN/CNEN)
|
Abstract: The city of São Paulo passed through five major urbanizations since 1825 until today that
intensified land use over urban climate. Since 1960 the central region goes into a process of
decay, and in 2002 is being launched Rehabilitation Program of the Central Area of São Paulo
(Procentro) to reverse this situation through assistance distributed by the Districts of the
República and Sé and that taking into consideration environmental issues, reduce the intensity
of the heat island of São Paulo.
Keywords: Urbanizations, land use, heat island
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Relationship Time Sintering on Densification and Electrical Conductivity in a Fuel Cell
MELO JÚNIOR, A. S. (USP/UNIP); MUCCILLO, E. N. S. (USP)
|
Abstract: The cerium-gadoliny solid solution has been extensively investigated for application to cells in solid
oxide fuel
operating at intermediate temperatures. In this work, we used nano crystalline cerium containing 10mol
% of
gadoliny. The main objectivewas to investigatethe effect ofsintering timeon themicrostructure and electricalcharacteristicsofsolid electrolytes. Cylindrical sampleswere prepared by compaction followed
by sintering
at 1200ºC for different holding times. The linear shrinkage was obtained by dilatometry measures and key aspects
of the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of electrical conductivity were performed on
selected samples. The average grain size for all samples remained in the sub-micrometer range. The conductivity
of grain boundaries depends on the sintering time,
but the rate of heating, while the conductivity of
the grains
showed no significant differences.
Keywords: Fuel cells, cerium-gadoliny, sintering
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Remanufacturing process for mechanical transmissions of commercial vehicles: Case study in automotive company
TUNES, G.; HANDA, J.; GERALDI, R.; COOPER, R. E.; ANHOLON, R. (UNICAMP); GRANADA, L. F. (Universidad Libre - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The growing need for companies to adapt to a highly competitive market in relation to prices and environmental issues makes them look for alternatives that were previously not needed or well exploited. In this sense, the remanufacturing process has been explored by companies aiming to increase not only profit but also trying to generate a positive ecological impact. The automobile company, for this case study, has had a remanufacturing process for commercial vehicle transmissions for some years, but through commercial indexes, it saw the need to update this process. Indicators of sales losses, prohibitive cost of the remanufactured part and deadlines above the market in delivery of remanufactured transmissions motivated the project in question, which aims to diversify the medium as the company interacts with its target audience. Through a market analysis, preliminary product evaluation and remanufacturing product recall process improvements were studied in the current process. The main improvement implemented was a more detailed analysis and subdivided into levels of repairs guaranteeing greater productivity, lower cost and time in the response to the final customer. The process of communicating with distributors has also been stepped up to better ensure product evaluation and timely delivery. In short, better and more effective processes, communication channels and greater differentiation of products for remanufacturing were the points executed and the results expected in this project.
Keywords: Remanufacturing; sustainable life cycle; Mechanical transmissions; Automotive industry.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Removal of Lead (Pb) by the Rhizofiltration Technique Using Thitonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (False Sunflower) Plants
DE LA CRUZ MONTOYA, E. (Instituto Universitário de la Paz - Colombia); CABANZO OLARTE, A. C. (University of Cauca - Colombia); OSPINO COSSIO, W. J.; CEBALLOS OTALVAREZ, K. D. (Instituto Universitário de la Paz - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Waters contamination by heavy metals represents a environmental problem due to its high toxicity for both humans and the environment. Heavy metals tend to accumulate because of their resistance to degradation. The vegetable species Thitonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, was used for the removal the lead (Pb) in a synthetic solution using the rhizofiltration technique in two different germination ages 2 and 4 months with three different concentrations of the heavy metal 20, 15 and 10 mg / L. The Thitonia diversifolia species proved to be efficient in the removal of lead with greater than 90% for the two germination ages evaluated. The highest amount of lead was concentrated in the roots. This becausenthe False sunflower belongs to the dicotyledonous class and according to bibliographic review these accumulate significantly high amounts of lead in the roots.
Keywords: Rhizofiltration, lead, tithonia diversifolia, removal.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Renewable and Sustainable Clean Energy Technology Managment of Biomass Waste for Fuel and Food
SANTOS, J. M.; PANNIRSELVAM. P. V.; TAMIL, S. S.; VIKASH K. (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Sustainable Development using waste disposal problems should reach acceptable limit of technology impact within the period of assured economic coverage. then also the obtained results of the project developed need to be more relevant that can be used in real scale evaluations bioeconomy from waste.Energy demand and the price for energy is increasing day by day everywhere as global economic problems. Renewable energy from waste is one of the alternative source which can be use parallel to conventional energy resources. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution using principle of closed loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows. This paper deals with tools and methods used to make the small process system design for power and gas production , and also the process optimization for waste minimization using biodrying, biomethanation and bioscrubbing integrated to autothermal gasification process developments.The overall objective of the project is to make possible an internationally oriented collaborative Brazil and India research competency in biomass waste based zero emission biofuel technology with co-products valorization. The project aim is also to study both technological feasibility and economic prospects for new zero emission waste to power .Also the power to biomethane gas was focused with the help of networking and big data of integrated digital incubator of process technology researchers. viable projects design development using google online real time team work using google online tools The system design use Bio thermal process, hydrogen and methane biofuels and internal combustion (IC) engine. For this problem an integrated system, industrial and ecological using the clean Small Integrated Process Systems (SIPS) was used.The Zero Waste,, cleaner product design and green chemistry concept was also applied to the process design using the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the wastes.The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows made possible using google spreadsheet and software superpro designer v.4.9.New synergetic concepts of integrated closed loop innovative bio thermal process system have been developed in this work for the integration of renewable power methane plants in biogas plants as wel as bio electrcity power. Pyrolysis system integrated with fuel cell need more investment compared to internal exhaust engine heat recovery systems l as well as bioelectrcity, biogas, feed for animal from micro algae .Thus this integrated biosystem developed will improve the bio economy local development based on the aquatic plants to reduce significantly carbon using the solar energy available in tropical country.
Keywords: Bioenergy, biogas, biosystem, Bioeletrcity, biohydrogen.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Renewables Energies in Colombia and the Opportunity for the Offshore wind Technology
RUEDA-BAYONA, J.G. (Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Colombia); GUZMÁN-GUERRERO, F.A. (Universidad del Norte - Colombia); CABELLO, J.J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); SILVA-CASARÍN, R.S. (UNAL - Mexico); BASTIDAS-ARTEAGA, E. (Université de Nantes); HORRILLO-CARABALLO, J.H. (Swansea University - UK)
|
Abstract: This paper displays a review of the literature which shows international actions that have motivated different countries to establish strategies to reduce C02 emissions and the high dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, advances and challenges of the offshore wind energy (OWE) are presented through the experiences of several countries. The administrative framework of the renewable energy, the potential of marine energy, and the needs and opportunities of Colombia are shown. The present document gathers technical, economic, administrative and legal information of the renewable energies in Colombia that may be used for taking decisions of different stakeholders.
Keywords: Wind energy, offshore, renewable energy, Colomiba, marine energy.
[Abstract]
|
Renewal of the Fleet of City Buses: Reduction of Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts
RAYMUNDO, H. (UNIP/ANTP); REIS, J.G.M. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This article describes the current stage of studies developed by the Environment Committee of the National Association of Public Transportation — ANTP, whose goal is to estimate the magnitude of the impacts, in terms of reduced emissions of local pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, resulting from the replacement of the current urban fleet of conventional diesel buses in Brazilian cities for less polluting vehicles and lower energy consumption, represented by technological and energy alternatives available commercially. In addition, shows an application of the methodology developed by the Commission to simulate a replacement program of urban bus fleet of the city of São Paulo. The results of this simulation show that the replacement of the fleet by less polluting vehicles and lower energy consumption would reduce in 73% the emission of CO, 90% of HC, 71% of NOx, 92% of MP and in 26% of CO2 emissions.
Keywords: City bus, vehicular technology, environmental impact, public transport, transportation planning
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reuse of Management and Recycling Construction Materials: Identification of the Main Waste and Legal Interpretation of the Standarts of Reuse and Recycling
MATUCK, C. A. P.; ADAMI, F. A. C.; CAMARGO, M.; SANTOS, M. G. F.; GIORDANO, F. (UNISANTA)
|
Abstract: The present work seeks, under the light of the National Solid Waste Policy, Resolutions of CONAMA and Sparse Legislation, to identify the main waste produced by the Brazilian Civil Construction Industry and its harmful action. The study aims to evaluate, in a general way, the need of saving raw materials to avoid waste disposal. A legal interpretation is made of the applicability of the general rules on classification of waste, itsmanagement, reuse, recycling, transportation, packaging and final destination.
Keywords: Environmental Management of Civil Construction Waste, Environmental Impacts of Civil Construction, Construction Pollution, Materials Saving in Civil Construction, Recycling of Construction Materials, Reuse of Civil Construction Materials
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reuse of Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate in the Construction Industry
MARQUES, D. V. (UNISUL); BARCELOS, R. L. (SENAC); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL)
|
Abstract: There is an increasing demand for polyethylene terephthalate from the beverage sector like in water, oil, and soft drink packaging, which implicates the need to give a suitable destination to waste PET bottles. In order to attribute value to this material, more and more new means of re-use are being sought. For that purpose, we carried out a bibliographic study on new insulating materials for buildings with use of PET residue and an estimation of its potential to replace Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) used as thermal and sound insulation for slabs. We found polyurethane composites with the incorporation of 35% and 45% of PET and alumina trihydrate, which may be an option as a thermal and sound insulation because they meet the Brazilian standards, presenting adequate behavior in the horizontal burning rate test and mechanical compressive strength. It was estimated that between 14 to 18 tons of PET were recycled in Brazil in 2012. Of the total Brazilian production of PET in 2012, a production between 14 and 18 thousand tons of PET was estimated. The incorporation of PET into a new material increases the percentage of recycling and provides gains for the environment and society, thus reducing the amount of waste and contributing to cleaner production dissemination.
Keywords: Recycling, Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyurethane, construction industry
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Reuse Of Water And Process Waste From The Dairy Industry
- L. F. W. Brum; L. C. O. Santos Júnior; S. Benedetti (UFSC)
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Abstract: Dairy industry is an activity of great importance in the global economy, and in Brazil, the
seventh largest producer. This sector has lived with the consumption of water for cleaning,
which represents more than 80% of the demand for water in agro industries and subsequently
treated in waste treatment system. Some suggestions were made to decrease the pollution potential of the effluentof the dairy industry, by proposing the inclusion of a technology using
membranes, as part of the process, seeking the recovery and concentration of milk solids in the
rinse water from the first equipment, and application of these solids in the manufacture of
products derived from milk source and water from the permeate water as the return of industrial
process, considering the volume of production of UHT milk and cream of the dairy industry at
large to Carazinho / RS - Brazil. To minimize the generation of effluents, one of the main roads
is the reuse of water and incorporated into the plant. Treat the surplus of production may not
only allow its reuse, but its recovery through the recovery of protein and fat for later
incorporation. The fractionation of the dairy effluent through the use of technology for separation
membranes in permeates and reject suggests the use of two currents. A promising alternative is
the use of this concentrate, rich in protein and fat in dairy products, replacing them is part of the
raw material for this concentrate. The use of wastewater as the process is possible through its
return to water for cleaning. The reduction of the volume released and minimizing the load of
the effluent are the main advantages of applying this type of technology in the dairy industry.
Assuming the volume of production of the dairy industry from large to Carazinho / RS - Brazil, the volume of effluent to be removed from the TEE would be approximately 435,200 L / day and
shall have the reintegration of about 130,500 L / day of reclaimed wastewater in the industrial
process. Moreover, the insertion of soluble solids recovered in a line of dairy sugar products as
an ingredient partial leverage the economic benefit through a production of approximately
304,700 L / day of waste milk.
Keywords: Dairy industry, reuse, effluent, milk industry wastewater, membranes
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reverse Flow of Scrap Tires in the City of Santos
J. A. Yemal, N. O. V. Teixeira, C. G. Rodrigues (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper describes a fairly unexplored area of Business Logistics, Reverse Logistics. Dealing
with the reverse distribution channel, "reverse flow", is the direct opposite of the chain, from
materials unusable or post-consumer or post-sale in order to add value in many different
ways, by return cycle productive. The scrap tires are one of the products that most cause
disorder communities and the environment if not a suitable target. As the retail industry the
last link in the supply chain to final consumers, shall be those retailers a tool that is helping
significantly to the reuse of scrap tires. Given the principles required by increasingly
stringent laws regarding disposal of scrap tires to the environment. By forming an
instrumental research based on concepts described in this paper attempt to identify the
process of proper disposal of scrap tires by the authorized dealer of tires in the city of
Santos.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, environment, scrap tires
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reverse Logistic: Destination of Expanded Polystyrene Expanded (Isopor®) Post Consumption from a Catarinense Industry
F. H. C. Chagas, A. L. Berretta-Hurtado, C. A. K. Gouvêa (SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze the disposal ways of expanded polystyrene residues
(EPS) at an industry located in Barra Velha – SC, focusing economical, legal and ecological
aspects obtained with the application of reverse logistics concepts. Then a case study was
carried out seeking to quantify the EPS used by the company. As a main result, it was
verified that all EPS residue had the industrial landfill as a destination after production
process utilization, and a better alternative was studied in order to dispose this material.
Therefore, economical, legal and environmental values were added for both company and
society.
Keywords: Reverse logistic, EPS, discharge
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reverse Logistic Implementation: First Phase of Sao Paulo State Experience
RIBEIRO, F. M. (CETESB); KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: Reverse Logistics is part of most modern waste policies throughout the world. Considered essential in expanding the recycling rates for many waste streams, is a fundamental tool for creating means of restoring to the productive sectors various products and post-consumer packaging as raw material. Within this context, the present researchdetails a case study of São Paulo State, Brazil, which since 2010 has implemented a deployment strategy of reverse logistics through pilot projects with business sectors, using as an instrument an agreement called “Terms of Commitment”. After presenting the regulatory environment, the article describes the vision and the strategies adopted for the first phase of this initiative, then detailing how the Terms have been established and demonstrating the results to date, including the consolidation of the evaluation of participants in 13 meetings conducted at 2014. At the end these results are analyzed and the outlook for the second phase of the initiative is presented.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, waste management, extended-producer responsibility, environmental regulation, environmental public policy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reverse Logistics in Practice: Economic Study of Returnable Packing on the Transport of Machined Engine Heads
G. W. S. Renó, O. M. S. Truzzi (UFSCar), G. Sevegnani (SOCIESC), D. A. L. Silva (USP)
|
Abstract: The environmental subject is increasing on customers discussions for the last years, due to a
huge increase on ecologic mindset on societies. New legal rules covering environmental are
being developed as new technologies and new materials that are making reverse logistics an
important subject on actual days. The proposal of this paper is to explain the reverse
logistics applied on machined engine heads being transported from a company in Joinville,
Santa Catarina state in Brazil to Peterborough in United Kingdom, using disposable packing
materials. This situation has generated many problems when disposing the wastes generated
by the packing on the final customer and it’s involved environment. The target of this paper
is to present results from an economic study based on a new reverse logistic system
developed with the usage of returnable and reusable packing system. The technical
procedure adopted was the case study and data collection to complete the necessities
previewed on the economical study. As results of the study made in Brazil the researchers
could identify that the practice of reverse logistics and reusable materials brought a
significant result on the concept of more resistant packing systems. It also allowed a
reduction on the generation of disposables materials on the final customer, allowing a lower
environmental impact and costs reduction.
Keywords: Returnable packing; enviromental impact; reverse logistics
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Reverse Logistics of Electronic Equipment Waste: A Comparative Evaluation of Regulatory Instruments
BARBOZA, M. R.; GONÇALVES, R. F. A. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Considering the environmental issues related to e-waste caused by excessive consumption and early disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment - EEE, this paper aims to analyze the regulatory instruments in force for ewaste management, in Brazil and in selected geographies with a higher incidence of e-waste (USA, China India, Japan and EU Members States). The comparison matrix is presented and, within this context, Brazil appears as the second in terms of number of regulatory instruments, however, with unknown recycling rate. As a contrast example, Japan and EU Member, with few regulatory instruments, stand out in recycling rates, proving their effectiveness. For instance, the European EPR system (Extended Producer Responsibility) as such, it serves as a basis for creation regulations in many other countries. This work can conclude that it is not the amount of regulatory instruments that influence the rates of return, but its effectiveness. This paper is theoretical and based on the results of literature reviews.
Keywords: EEE, E-waste, REEE, Regulatory Instruments, Reverse Logistics
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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REVIEW ARTICLE. Reconsidering some of the Earth`s Biophysical Limits to the Long Term Sustainable Development of Humanity
HARIZAJ, P. (Agricultural University of Tirana-Albania)
|
Abstract: Humans' existence as living organisms depends on some essential natural resources and ecosystem services. On
the other side, nature has a certain speed of regenerating its resources required by humans. That`s why the
nature`s speed of resource recovery should be taken
in consideration by economic activities that use these
resorces directly or indirectly, as it might be fun
damental for the long term sustainable development
of humanity.
This requires the quantitative definition of the Earth`s biophysical limits that are crucial for the existence of life
and monitoring of these limits by identifying the proper indicators of the Earth` performance.
Keywords: Long term sustainability, Earth`s biophysical limits, Earth`s performance indicators
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Role of Culture Medium in Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis: Details
BASMAJI, P. (Innovatec's); OLYVEIRA, G. M. (UNESP/Innovatec's); COSTA, L. M. M. (Innovatec's/UFABC); FILHO, L. X. (Innovatec's); CORDOBA, C. V. (Complutense University of Madrid-Spain)
|
Abstract: Bacterial Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most
important applied biochemical processes in biology. In order to
explain the detailed molecular events of bacterial
cellulose biosynthesis, we discuss in this work, the different
steps required for bacterial cellulose formation and crystallization from sugar cane and honey. The potential of
organisms to produce biocellulose fibers was analysed. After fermentation bioprocess change new morphological and
thermal properties were obtained.
Keywords: Applied biotechnology, bacterial cellulose production, fermentation process, nanobiocomposites
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
S |
Safe Thermal Decomposition of Organochloride Pesticides by Submerged Oxidation in Molten Salts
LAINETTI, P. E. O. (IPEN-CNEN/SP)
|
Abstract: This study was motivated by the current interest in
the world in the development of advanced processes
for waste
decomposition, category in which the process described herein is inserted. This interest stems from the need for
safer processes for the decomposition of some waste
s, particularly those deemed hazardous or present significant
impact on the environment. The technology developed
fits into this principle and it is applicable for
intrinsically
safe disposal of hazardous organic wastes, particularly the organochloride, whose degradation has presented problems when using the most common methods, such as incineration. Pesticides banned, obsolete or discarded
constitute a serious environmental risk around the
world, especially in developing countries. The HCHS, or
Hexachlorcyclohexanes also called BHC or Lindane, a
reorganochloride insecticides that have been banned in most
countries in the 70s and 80s. It is one of the compounds that constitute the group of so-called POPs, or persistent
organic pollutants that are regulated internationally by the Basel Convention. Among the major POPs could be
cited pesticides, dioxins and PCBs that represent,
according to the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization - UNIDO, one of the most serious and urgent problems to be faced, because on the one hand, its
wide dissemination in environment and, secondly, because of its properties and characteristics, which
determine
its persistence in soil and water. The United Nations Environmental Protection - UNEP, for example, launched a
global action for the establishment of an international treaty to reduce and / or eliminate emissions
and discharges
of 12 specific POPs, also known as "dirty dozen" (Al rin, Chlordane, Mirex, Dieldrin, DDT, Dioxins, Furans, PCBs,
Endrin, Heptachlor, Toxaphene and BHC), besides the
adoption of scientific criteria for the possible inclusion of
others. The molten salt oxidation is a process which promotes a more complete and safer decomposition
of wastes
considered critical, such as POPs, obsolete chemicals, extremely energetic compounds (propellants and
explosives), etc.. In this process, the waste and oxidant (air or oxygen enriched air) are mixed below the surface
of a turbulent bed of molten salts. The oxidation process occurs at temperatures lower than those of conventional
incineration, but associated with the liquid phase
reactions that occur, they are sufficient to promote complete and
safe decomposition of hazardous wastes, particularly the organochlorides. In this case, the chlorine reacts with the
sodium to form sodium chloride, which is retained in the salt bath. In this paper, we describe the activities of
construction and development of a molten salt react
or for decomposition of hazardous wastes, as well as present
some results from the decomposition of pesticides.
Keywords: Thermal, decomposition, pesticides, molten, salts
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Saving Productive Resources through Simulation Models Studies
M. S. Nogueira Neto (UNIP); R. C. Barros (FEI); J. B. Sacomano; J. L. A. Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The necessity of sending goods produced in several different geographical positions
highlights the logistics strategy so that the involved costs may become minimized. The
presented study points the importance of the knowledge about simulation, using it as a
support tool for the decision in the transport logistics, focusing the size of a truck’s fleet. It
will be added the concept of simulation with the logistics strategy, intending to improve the
way of spending the resources. The research develops in a highway transporter loads station.
Through simulation the actual results will be compared to the supposed one. The productivity
increase in the use of different transportation ways reflects positively in the environmental
preservation reducing the energy and raw materials consumption used in the production of
these equipments and the fuels to move them.
Keywords: Simulation, logistic, environmental preservation, productivity
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Scientific Requirements Analysis Focusing the Environmental Dimension of BM&FBOVESPA ISE and Sustainability Indicators Published in Annual Business Sustainability Reports
C. A. Di Agustini, L. P. Vendrametto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is a conditio sine qua non for the survival of man on Earth, and economic
growth has been antagonistic to the maintenance of life on the planet. Even the stock market
reflects this dichotomous condition by the performance of the market value of companies
classified as sustainable in BM&FBOVESPA (Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e futuros). The
performance of the ISE (Corporate Sustainability Index) from 2005 to 2010 was 6.30% lower
than the Ibovespa. The analysis of adherence of the requirements of Pulselli et al. with the
ISE with annual environmental sustainability reports of participating companies shows that
only 12.5% of the requirements are met in annual sustainability reports/2009 from
participating companies. Scientific requirements are essential for assessing current
conditions, compare trends, provide warning information and anticipate future conditions.
Although the ISE is founded on a scientific basis recognized by the international community
(requirement F), only 15.63% of participating companies have published such requirement in
their annual sustainability reports/2009. A survey of non-probability convenience scanning
showed that almost all the investors sustainability indicators are relevant in investment
decisions and that the ISE is a leading indicator of sustainability of companies listed on
BM&FBOVESPA. Of the 32 companies participating in the ISE that published sustainability
reports / Annual 2009, only 12% of indicators have shown a correlation with the
requirements of Pulselli et al. This may be a contributing factor to the underperformance
relative to the ISE Bovespa index. Sustainability indicators that employ scientific criteria,
practical tools and friendly communication can be crucial to aggregate and quantify
information about sustainability (complex phenomenon) in a relevant way so that the
significance becomes more apparent, thus improving the communication process with
stakeholders in the process.
Keywords: Sustainability, indicators, ISE and BMF&BOVESPA
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Searching Cleaner Production through Lean Production: Case Studies in Foundry Industries
MANZAN, R.; CAMPANA, R. C. (POLI-USP); DE BARROS, T. R. (PSA Peugeot Citroën-SP); MIYAKE, D. I. (POLI-USP)
|
Abstract: The advancements towards the sustainable development have been too slow in all industrial sectors. The
contribution in this directionon part of manufacturing industries frequently stumbles in constraints related to
increase in costs and loss of competitiveness. The
Cleaner Production (CP) approach that nurtures more
sustainable practices focused in manufacturing processes provides an important alternative to overcome
this
situation. This paper contemplates the relation between the principles of CP andpractices of lean production, with
the purpose to indicate tools for manufacturing industries that can facilitate the search for sustainable
development, without requiringthe establishment of
a specific and costly structure for supporting this. As in the
struggleto accomplish productivity gains, manufacturing firms rationalize their production with lean production
practices, theycan benefit from the tools and structure of this production approach to also incorporate the goals of CP.
Keywords: Cleaner production, lean production, foundry, case
studies, environmental control management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Segregation of Waste Health Services as a Cleaning Production Process: Case Study of the 7th Region of São Paulo State
E. M. Paveloski; J. Hamada (UNESP-Bauru)
|
Abstract: This paper addresses to the importance of correct segregation of Waste Health Services (RSS)
like main factor of the practice of the cleaner production inside the generators enterprises, and
examines through the case study, the situation of the Waste Health Services in the region of the
CODER ((Council of Regional Economic Development) that has Bauru as a headquarter. The
objective was to improve data, evaluate the current situation and the issue of Waste Health
Services ant the influence of the correct segregation. To complete these objectives, the analysis
by the author lead to a picture of the current status of health waste services in the region,
exposing the weaknesses of laws, that includes mainly the major producers and the low
qualification of the workforce, and, in consequence, reduces the issues and discussions about the
quality by process of segregation, and, in the final destination, the environmental problems.
Keywords: Waste Health Services, Health Services Management, Regional Research
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Selection Process Theoretical Framework: Environmental Performance Evaluation
A. C. Trierweiller, B. C. S. Peixe, L. M. S. Campos, A. C. Bornia (UFSC)
|
Abstract: On the approach of the research problem, we seek through an exploratory study to assemble
a set of papers on the theoretical framework to analyze their adherence to the research
objectives; to allow the identification of the state of the art on a specific theme. Therefore,
the main objectives of this paper are: (a) create, from a structured process, an initial base of
articles examining the topic environmental performance and (b) identify opportunities for
research on this topic. This survey and selection of articles was based on bibliometric criteria
defined in the methodology. As a result of the proposed methodology it was possible to
define a set of articles to identify trends and existing research on the environmental
performance evaluation. The main opportunities found are related to the process for
identifying criteria for measuring environmental performance and search for custom models,
taking into account the specificities of each context. As for future work in the study of
environmental performance assessment, it is suggested to expand this systemic analysis,
including detailed examination of 13 articles of the portfolio as well as their references and
the making of the citation map, and by consulting specialists in the environment area for a
qualitative analysis of selected articles and their references.
Keywords: Bibliometric Criteria, evaluation of environmental performance, environmental performance
indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Search for Competitive Advantage through the Implementation of Environmental Management Systems
SOUZA, V. F.; OLIVEIRA, C. F. B.; PEREIRA, H. D.; PINTO, E. M.; PAVELOSKI, E. M. (Universidade Sagrado Coração)
|
Abstract: The search for sustainable competitive advantage includes the adoption of environmentally correct practices in order to achieve a green consumer who opts choosing besides the price / quality ratio, companies environmentally friend. This study aimed to identify, through the application of a Survey and interviews with open and closed questions, what are the main factors that drive organizations in the search for the implementation of Environmental Management Systems as a form of differentiation and competitive advantage. The questionnaires covered questions about the benefits gained from their implementation. As a result more noticeable, was observed a counterpoint to the common sense that the companies have previously environmental concerns for the decisions of search for certifications. The great majority of the administrators related that the decisions are in the first instance directed to the increase of the capacity of new contracts that properly related to environmental factors as they should. With regard to environmental management tools, the study found that these are used to raise business opportunities by strengthening the competitiveness of their companies. The work shows that the implementation and certification of the environmental management systems, present several competitive benefits and reinforce the image of the companies in the increasingly demanding market scenario.
Keywords: Competitiveness, Green Consumer, Environmental Marketing, Environmental Management System, Competitive Advantage
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Selective Waste Collection as a Public Policy Tool: The Sorocaba/SP Experience
G. V. B. Simões (UNIP), J. L. Ferraz (UNISO), S. D. Mancini (UNESP), S. H. Bonilla (UNIP), W. A. Bizzo (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This study has the objective of demonstrating the implantation experience and evolution of a
selective waste collection program performed in a Brazilian city of approximately 600.000
inhabitants – Sorocaba/SP. The “Selective Waste Collection Program – Recycling Lives”
begun in the year of 2007 and was incorporated as a city public policy means through the
execution of Partnership Terms between the Public Administration and the Civil Organizations
involved and through the insertion of the program as a Priority Program for the Municipal
Government. To carry out the research a document investigation was brought about in order
to expose information about the city legislation regarding local public policies related to
selective waste collection and to obtain documents and data related to the evolution of the
program. Moreover, a field research involving visits to the recycling cooperatives was
conducted to obtain real data relevant to the collection and sorting of the materials, the work
methods applied and the results obtained by each of the cooperatives involved with the
system. The studies performed show that the evolution process of the program can be
characterized by three well-defined stages. The first concerns the legal and institutional
compilation of the program and the start of the cooperatives’ operational activities. The
second involves the mechanization of the system, which resulted in a growth in the selective
waste collection’s productivity. The third stage is defined by a productive expansion of the
system, which promoted significant growth in profit and in the number of workers in the
selective waste collection Program.
Keywords: Recycling, selective waste collection, recycling cooperatives, municipal public policies
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Sensibility Analysis of Biodiesel use in a Commercial Bamboo Plantation in Alternative to Diesel Oil
GHELMANDI NETTO, L. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In Ghelmandi Netto 2009 and Ghelmandi Netto, et. al., 2012, a Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) was applied in a northeastern commercial bamboo plantation - located in Maranhão state - focused on paper production. The MCE has shown that the diesel oil is one of the inputs more required during the whole plantation lifespan - 25 years. This work proposes a sensibility analysis, replacing the diesel oil used in the bamboo plantation for biodiesel, considered a 'cleaner' input. This sensibility analysis aims to analyze the effects and impacts of this replacement. Nowadays the mandatory determination of Brazilian government is that the diesel oil sold must have 8% of biodiesel (B8 mixture). The other scenarios, that compound the sensibility analysis in addition of B8 mixture, are B25, B75 and B100 mixtures.
Keywords: Sensibility analysis, bamboo plantation, multicriteria evaluation, biodiesel, diesel oil
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Shellfish Clams use Possibility
D. Chierighini, R. Bridi, A. A. da Rocha, K. R. Lapa (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The Santa Catarina State is the main bivalve shellfish producer in Brazil. The total production
(mussels, oysters, scallops) of 2009 was 12,462 tons. The Florianópolis is the city with the
major shellfish production with 1,301 tons with 76.6% of the state oysters production and
3.12 tons and 57% of the scallops production. The mussels production corresponds to 558
tons and represents 5.25% of the state production. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the
main material of the shells and it is the base material for several products. The waste of
these shells results in a great waste of materials. This waste can promote the development
of animals and insects that can transmit illness and environmental degradation. There are
studies that demonstrate the potential of reutilization of these materials with a simple shell
processing step to add value to the material. The products that can be made from the
calcium carbonate source are: quicklime, hydrated calcarium, polymers charge, construction
blocks, roads construction materials, paper paste, compact marble, fertilization, pesticides,
food, ceramic blocks industry, paint industry, polyurethane foam, talcum powder, glass
production, cement, varnishes, rubbers, soil correction and medicines.
Keywords: Molluscs, calcium carbonate, shells, reuse, environment
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Silicon Sludge Co-Processing for Industrial Symbiosis: A Study Case in a Semiconductor Company
BREJÃO, A. S.(FAPPES); SHIKI, M. P.; CALDANA, A. E.(Smart Modular Technologies); SILVA, M. L. P. (FATEC/POLI-USP)
|
Abstract: For the electronics industry, the silicon powder residue, in the form of an aqueous dispersion, is an environmental
and economic issue. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the characteristics of such material,
through a study case in a semiconductor company, aiming to close the production cycle. The aqueous silicon
dispersion which is generated by the silicon wafer grinding and sawing systems was characterized by physical
methods and by optical microscopy. This non-product
was used in cement test specimens which were submitted to
compressive strength tests to determine a potential
improvement due to the addition of micro-silica in
comparison
with regular cement. The results showed that there
was a significant increase in the compressive strength
indicating the technical feasibility of using this
type of non-product from the semiconductor industry
in cement
fabrication. Although the study showed evidence about the technical feasibility of the use of this non-product, in
order to have a viable industrial symbiosis for both companies, the logistics aspects will also play a
determinant
role to encourage mutual cooperation between the companies.
Keywords: Industrial symbiosis, electronics industry, non-product, silicon
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Sludge Composting
A. Freiria; H. Santos (Rhodia)
|
Abstract: The productive units of Rhodia were spending more than 1.26 Million Euros to incinerate 6,000 tons of sludge from the wastewater treatment system. Because of the high percentage of humidity and the strong odour of the sludge, its manipulation and transportation were very complex and expensive.
After Studies, the compositing was chosen as a solution, because it presented the best cost-benefit.
The development of the technology was a result of a partnership between Rhodia and Best Service Consulting and was performed from 2000 to 2003 when it was started.
Keywords: Sludge, compositing, ETE
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
Small Alcohol Plants as an Alternative Towards Sustainable Development
C. C. Silva; H. A. P. Silva; J. A. B. Grimoni (USP)
|
Abstract: The evaluated Integrated Small Alcohol Plant (ISAP) is an agricultural industry that produces alcohol, electricity, and food for the surrounding cities which has up to 18,000 inhabitants. Sugar cane and sweet sorghum are the basic agricultural products that are used to produce 40,000 L/day of alcohol and 7.13 MW of electricity. The ISAP evaluated is bale to extended up to 12 months per year its production period, against the usual 6-8 months of traditional sugarcane mills. The productivity is around 630 tons of sugar cane or sweet sorghum per day. During the eight months period between the harvest and a new plantation for sweet sorghum area, its available soil area is used to grow crops and vegetables; there are also beef cattle and milk production, as well as the introduction of pig farming. The ISAP total area is 4,360 ha including rural and industrial areas. It is based on the maximum environmental and social efficiency by eliminating the burning practice after harvesting. The vinasse is treated in anaerobic process to be further used in the agricultural areas as a fertilizer. Pig and cattle dejects are used for electricity generation in the plant. Results show that ISAP project may be considered as an effort towards a sustainable development.
Keywords: Agro-Industry, alcohol, renewable energy, emergy, externaties
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Social indicators of LPB - Liquid Packaging Board production from a life cycle perspective
A. L. Mourad (CETEA / ITAL), H. L. G. da Silva, J. C. B. Nogueira (Klabin S/A)
|
Abstract: Despite sustainability needing to be analyzed through the integration of environmental,
economic and social aspects, almost always only the first aspect is considered. The objective
of the present article is to show partial results of a life cycle assessment study of the
production of Liquid Packaging Board - LPB, concerning social aspects. The LCA study was
carried out for Klabin, the biggest producer, exporter and recycler of paper in Brazil, with 17
industrial plants in Brazil and one in Argentina. The scope of this study includes data from
the forest up to the rolls of finished carton leaving the production line ready for shipment,
considering a cradle-to-gate approach. Social indicators based on qualification levels
proposed by UNESCO (United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization) and
income levels according to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) were
proposed. It was observed that 9 seconds of human labor was required to produce 1 kg of
Liquid packaging Board in 2008. The level of professional and educational qualification of the
employees was rather high, with 4% of the employees holding a post-graduate degree
(M.Sc. or PhD.) and only 7% having just primary level education. The income-distribution
profile shows that 94% of the employees receive more than double the monthly minimum
salary, which is a factor of great significance in a country where 55% of the population
receives less than this. It is very important that sustainability of products and processes
should also be analyzed by their social contribution besides environmental aspects.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, social indicators, packaging, beverage container
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Social Reverse Logistics of Used, Non-Expired Medicines (UNEM) with Public Economic Burden? An Impact Appraisal from a Municipal Program
BERTOLO, R. J.; VIEGAS, C. V. (UNISINOS - Brazil); BOND. A. (University of East Anglia - UK/North-West University - South Africa); BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. M. (UNISINOS - Brazil)
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Abstract: There is little research on the reverse logistics of medicines, because the wastes of the pharmaceutical industry are incinerated, or undergo other forms of physical-chemical destruction, given the potential risks they pose to the environment and to public health when incorrectly disposed. This situation is more problematic in developing countries, where the management of wastes is usually neglected by governments and citizens. Whilst product innovation thrives in the pharmaceutical sector, and an ageing population represents an increase in the demand for medicines, little effort is made to avoid their incorrect disposal. The negative impacts to the water and to the soil quality derived from improper management of used medicines is a challenge in emerging economies. This research describes a local government program of reverse logistics for used, non-expired medicines (UNEM) in a small municipality in Southern Brazil. Taking as a reference the available data of collected and donated quantities of UNEM, and the number of persons that received UNEM for free from July 2015 to December 2017, it was possible to perform an environmental and socioeconomic appraisal of the program. The main findings are that reverse logistics, besides the strictly economic aspect stated by law (as return of a good to the business sector), can have a socioeconomic benefit for needy communities. In the studied case, the reverse logistics avoided environmental harms and economic spending of around US$ 1.5 million with the proper destruction of UNEM medicines; an average of 90 persons benefited every week through receiving UNEM for free; the indirect income distribution per capita, with the program, reached more than 17% of the minimum wage established by law in Brazil. However, the Public Administration carries an economic burden for the correct disposal of the medicines that expire before being dispensed. It amounted around US$ 4,000 since July 2015 to December 2017. As the population does not correctly separate and dispose used medicines, and considering that incorrect disposal of these products represents health risks that will end in the public health system as another type of economic burden, public and private, the Public Administration initiative, even ending in economic spending for the collectivity, results probably less costly than to simply do nothing and push this problem for the future. This private-public economic burden is an open issue for the current local system of reverse logistics Further investigation is necessary to enable the possibility to replicate this program to other municipalities; and it presents an opportunity worthy of investigation in other newly industrialised countries.
Keywords: Medicines wastes; impact assessment; impact appraisal; reverse logistics.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Socio Environmental Survey of Vera Cruz do Oeste Municipality
L. B. Santos; D. Mondardo; L. Luvizon; P. P. Bellon; C. C. Meinerze (UNIOESTE), P. S. R. Oliveira (UNIPAR)
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Abstract: The present work consisted of the realization of the lifting sócioambiental of the local
municipality of Vera Cruz of the West Paraná, through the lifting data of the municipality and the
realization of interviews with residents and authorities of public organs on the perception as for
the quality of the rivers and the environmental question. The lifting boarded questions on the
perspectives of population growth, economical developed activities, rate of mortality, and they
wrapped also the environmental questions of the local authority, like data on the supply of
water, destination of the residues, instruments of environmental management, principal
communitarian organizations and the existence of projects of Environmental Education. The
study was carried out through inquiries road Internet, bibliographies and, in some more specific
cases, visit to the General offices of Agriculture and of Health of the local authority, what they
were extremely receptive regarding the supply of informations, being of basic importance for the
conclus.
Keywords: Lifting socioambiental, Vera Cruz of the West
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Soft Sensors to Assess the Energy Consumption in the Formation of Lead-Acid Batteries
CABELLO, J. J.; SAGASTUME, A.; SOUSA, V.; HERRERA, H.; BALBIS, M.; SILVA, J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: Lead-acid batteries are essential for different economic activities and are, in general, energy intensive products. However, there is a limited discussion on how to assess the energy consumption and its efficiency for battery manufacturing. This study assess the process of battery formation, which is essential in manufacturing lead-acid batteries, and account for over half of the energy consumption of battery production. The assessment is implemented in a battery plant using data from a 4 years period to develop an energy performance indicator (EnPI), used to assess the efficiency of battery formation. To implement the EnPI a soft sensor is developed. Results show that the implementation of the proposed EnPI combined with other measures, resulted in a reduction of 3 to 5% of the electricity consumption of battery formation.
Keywords: Battery formation, energy efficiency, battery production
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Solid Fuel Produced from Mandarin Peels and Rice Husks
EZIRIO, M. J.; COSTA, S.; CREMONA PARMA, G. O.; BARCELOS, R. L.; MAGNAGO, R. M. (UNISUL - Brazil)
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Abstract: Biomasses like tangerine peels and rice husks are seen among the most abundant and accessible sources for conversion into products with a higher added value. One possibility is the production of solid fuels for the decentralization of energy production and utilization of agricultural residue. It is important to highlight that sustainable bioenergy must have high efficiency, therefore we have evaluated the higher and lower heating values of the specimens produced from rice shells husks, mandarin peels, cornstarch, glycerol, citric acid, and acetic acid. We have determined the total moisture content, ash content, and higher and lower heating value of the sixteen collected specimens. We have also determined the compressive strength, in which all samples presented a maximum resistance appropriate for the storage and handling of the developed solid fuels. The composites with a higher quantity of mandarin peels showed greater higher and lower heating values, of 19.18 MJ/kg and of 17.92 MJ/Kg, respectively. All developed samples have shown to be capable of replacing traditional heat sources like firewood (7.12-10.47 MJ/kg) with a better energy performance.
Keywords: Solid Fuel, Rice husks, Ponkan peels.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Solid Waste Management Plans in the City of Londrina: A Longitudinal Analysis
CAMARGO, R. H. L. (UEL); ALIGLERI, L. (UEL/PROGESA)
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Abstract: Our environment is undergoing increasingly accelerated and intense changes such as climate tragedies and the inadequate use of natural resources. These facts have led to adverse impacts on both men and nature. Thus, this study aims to analyze the Solid Waste Management Plans (SWMP) of companies located in the city of Londrina. This is a documentary, qualitative and quantitative research in a longitudinal approach. Data has been collected and added up in a form. The research involved all organizations that submitted the document attached to the Municipal Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the city of Londrina from 2010 to 2013. From the data analysis it was possible to identify wide variations in the number of companies that made the SWMP and high dispersion of business activities. It has also been noticed that the professional profile of people in charge of drafting the document has changed over time. The results point out to the need to review the municipal legislation regarding the metrics used to submit data by companies, as well as the need for better effectiveness of the Municipal Department in the monitoring of the municipal legislation.
Keywords: Environment; Residues; Solid Waste Management Plans; Environment Management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Solutions for Energy Savings and Environmental Compliance Leading to Cleaner & Lower Cost Production
A. J. Basu (JNE Consulting Ltd. - Canada); V. B. Dutta (Advenient Technology - USA); D. Datta (M&I Power Technology, Inc. - Canada
|
Abstract: Present dilemma is with ‘how to manage the global warming resulting from energy guzzling
manufacturing sectors like power, petrochemical, steel, mining, and minerals industries’?
Although these operations are essential to sustain the global economy, their impact on
climate change can’t be ignored. This paper addresses scientific and engineering approach to
transform these operations and minimize their impact in our eco-friendly world. The primary
objective is in providing total solution for energy savings in vibration and noise reduction for
achieving safe, energy-efficient, and cleaner production. The methodology has been
substantiated with several practical examples that have been implemented in North America,
Europe and other parts of the world, where 15% ~ 25% energy savings have been achieved. “Noise and Vibration” are integral part of critical equipments and processes in the heavy
industry sector. These symptoms are indication of turbulent airflow and wasted energy. This
paper focuses on “optimization of airflow in plant draft systems” and therefore minimizing
the use of energy to generate same amount of work. A number of design innovations for
reducing turbulence and flow separation ensuring streamlining of airflow in the draft system
and uniform loading on fans in the draft (forced or induced) system have been discussed.
The present work elaborates on design optimization for achieving energy efficiency and
environmental compliance leading to cleaner production – realized by modifying plant draft
systems and fan systems using CFD simulation tool, including mathematical modeling and
numerical simulation.
Implementation of this technology has improved the health & safety constraints in the
industry. The outcomes of selected case studies are included for demonstrating the energy
savings and the corresponding financial return through the proposed design innovations. In
addition, improved inlet and outlet conditions of any pollution prevention equipment (e.g.,
SCR, ESP, FGD) facilitate enhancement of environmental compliance of these equipments.
Further, stream lining the plant draft system has also demonstrated improvement in process
yields, improvement in fan and related equipment life as well as flexibility to use lower grade
raw materials (e.g., high ash content coal in boilers).
The major design innovation is the aerodynamic diffusion system. In the mining industry,
such solutions when integrated with CFD modeling would enhance the total systems
approach. This is a growing area and gradually receiving corporate attention for conducting
studies in improved ventilation system management. Finally, various solutions and technical
approach recommended by the authors integrate the three pillars (Economics, Environment,
and Society) of sustainable development and helps the operating companies to meet their
Corporate Social Responsibility.
Keywords: Aero-acoustics, energy-efficiency, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Stakeholder Management and Organizational Sustainability Process: A Brazilian Case Study from Forestry Sector
M. G. Lyra (FGV); R. C. Gomes (UFV); L. A. Jacovine (FGV)
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Abstract: Sustainability has been at the top of the agenda of high impact organizations since ecological concerns raised the attention of the media.
This paper presents an investigation carried out through a case study with one Brazilian organization in the forestry sector, in order to devise viable indicators of sustainable production (ISP) for measuring sustainability and try to generate strategic information for managing the relations with the key-stakeholders.
In this sense, we intend to describe each stakeholder involved with the organization, focusing on how to manage the relationships with them. Furthermore, we intend to test some ISP in order to figure out whether this specific type of organization can move toward sustainability.
The theoretical framework comprises three international models: the five levels of ISP tool, a model for identifying the most important stakeholders, and a model for identifying how to manage the relationship with key-stakeholders by threat or cooperation.
Keywords: Indicators of sustainable production, social corporate responsibility, stakeholder management, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Stimulating the Market: Incentives for Cleaner Production and Energy Efficiency in Latin America
ASHTON, W. S. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); IZQUIERDO-CRUZ, C. A. (World Environment Center, USA/Mexico); PANERO, M. A. (New York Institute of Technology, USA); ARIAS, A. L. (Costa Rica Technological institute, Costa Rica); BELFIELD, J. Rafael Lendívar University, Guatemala); BENTIN, J. (San Ignacio de Loyola University, Peru); DE LA CRUZ, G. Rafael Landívar University, Guatemala); DUECKER-AGUILAR, S. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); SALAZAR de TOBAR, Y. (Cleaner Production Center, El Salvador); HURTADO, M. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); MARTINEZ-GREEN, T.; PANCHAME, S. (Honduras Autonomous University, Honduras); URIARTE, M. (National University of Engineering, Nicaragua)
|
Abstract: Resource efficiency, including cleaner production and energy efficiency (CP/EE), is thought to be an important strategy for developing countries to grow their economies in a sustainable manner. However, in many regions the private sector, particularly smaller enterprises, has been reluctant to adopt such strategies due to a combination of informational, technical and economic barriers. A variety of players in Latin America, including international aid agencies, governments, banks and national cleaner production centers, have introduced market-based mechanisms to encourage enterprises to adopt resource efficient practices. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of the availability and utilization of different types of market-based instruments for cleaner production and energy efficiency in micro, small and medium size enterprises in Central America. We surveyed 19 programs in 5 countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) to examine how effectively these instruments are being utilized, complementary barriers that prevent their adoption, and best practices for increasing their uptake. We find that most programs are focused on energy efficiency, are financed by international donors, offer grants and awards to companies for pursuing CP/EE, but are not specified towards MSMEs.
Keywords: Cleaner production, resource efficiency, Small and Medium Enterprises, market-based mechanisms, energy efficiency
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geological Reservoirs: Is It a Cleaner Technology?
G. Câmara, A. Silva Júnior (UFBA), P. Rocha (UNIFACS), C. Andrade (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Climate changes due to the increase of anthropogenic emissions and the accumulation of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere are among the major global environmental
concerns. The scientific analysis and discussions on the effect of anthropogenic GHG emissions
and its consequences on climate change received notoriety in recent decades. Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) is one of the main GHG and several technologies have been developed to capture and
dispose it before it being released. CO2 storage in geological reservoirs is one of the
technological solutions that have gained strength as an option for the disposal of CO2. This
article primarily focuses on answering the following question: To what extent can the Storage of
Carbon Dioxide in Geological Reservoirs (CGS) be considered a cleaner technology? Accordingly
literature research on the subject, as well as document analysis and expert consultation were
undertaken. Initially it was reviewed the literature on environmental technologies and, more
specifically, the literature on the CGS technology. Subsequently, it is discussed the CGS
technology as an environmental technology, concluding that it can be considered as a
transitional technology. For now, it is understood that this is an exploratory research on the
subject due to the CGS technology being under development and consequent maturation which
results in the need for further and continuous studies on both this technology and its impacts.
Keywords: Environmental Technology, geological storage of carbon dioxide, CGS, CO2
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Strategic Alignment: Case Study of the Mandaqui Stream Basin’s Depollution
BEVILACQUA, N. (FIA/SABESP), HOURNEAUX JR., F. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: During its yearly planning process, Sabesp(São Paulo State Water and Sewage Service Agency) reassesses its corporate vision and mission and sets its strategic guidelines that are deployed into action plans for its Operating Business Units. Thus, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the strategy related to the Clean Stream Program in the operational planning of Sabesp´s Northern Business Unit (MN). The empirical research was based ona case study of Mandaqui Stream Basin through documentanalysis. The main aspects in the study include the identification and analysis of the main indicators related to the Clean Stream Program, highlighting the importance of stakeholders’ interests and also the description of environmental initiatives involving local community in the process of operational planning. The results indicate an evolution ofprogram performance over the years and the success of the Mandaqui Stream depollution programsuggestsefficacy in both formulation and implementation of strategy.
Keywords: Strategy, implementation, planning, depollution, stream
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Strategies for the Expansion of Environmental Awareness Effects
DE BASTIANI, A.; PETRY, C.; DOURADO, I. P.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F.; D’AGOSTIN, A. (UPF - Brazil)
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Abstract: Although widely discussed and disseminated in environmental education vehicles, the theoretical reflections about Environmental Awareness and its effects on pro-environmental behavior are scarce, in the sense of analyzing and understanding its purpose, the way it was use and what are the most effective methods for its application. In view of this, the objective of this research was to carry out a narrative review on environmental awareness and propose, through a systematization, strategies to increase the efficiency of its application in the most varied segments of society. Initially, the review prioritized the analysis of understandings about environmental awareness and behavioral science. Subsequently, the motivating and inhibitors factors of pro-environmental behavior were mapped, which were divided into public and private behavior. Next, four strategies were proposed to increase the effectiveness of environmental awareness: (i) redesign of public policies; (ii) binding communication; (iii) product design for sustainable behavior; and (iv) social and environmental marketing.
Keywords: Pro-environmental behavior, environmental awareness, marketing, environmental communication.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Strawberry Pulp Supply Chain Performance Assessment on Local Level
SILVA, C. C. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); GIANNETTI, B. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
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Abstract: This paper intends to analyze one link of the strawberry pulp supply chain in Southern Minas Gerais, individually assessing this link on in natura strawberry producers for a pulp industry on Southern Minas. The presented reference model considers local conditions of the family based systems that do not possess specialized logistics system and a territorial approach of rural development incuiding equity among the genres, food security, risk management, environmental management and support programs. Identifying and comprehending the obstacles that restrain the development of such link on the supply chain has great importance either for better definiton and adjustment of support public policies or for ackowledgement and sustainable decision-making of the companies of this sector.
Keywords: Supply chain, sustainable, reference model, agroindustry, strawberry
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Street Lighting Management with Eco-Efficiency
SANCHEZ JUNIOR, O. (IPT-SP)
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Abstract: The paper presents a proposal for a model of analysis of the eco-efficiency of street lighting projects. Its purpose is to subsidize public policies and regulations. It is a proactive, preventive and innovative approach that establishes as the focus the transition to a sustainable society. We used Life Cycle Assessment tools to define a roadmap for both environmental and economic evaluation. The results show the feasibility and relevance of the approach and point to the necessary complementary developments.
Keywords: Eco-efficiency, Public lighting, LCA, LCC
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Structuring Management Processes to Get Cleaner Production Results: A Study in the Plastic Industry
BUCCELLI, D. O.; COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper starts form the concern that, in general, economic growth ignores the environments and deals with how
to face this reality in Brazil. The three facts of
degradation of the natural ecosystems, population,
average
consumption per capita and technology, are considered with this aim. The development in the promotion
and
implementation of cleaner production practices and
eco-efficiency procedures in small and medium companies in
the country is summarized. It is found that technical proposal and demonstration projects have limited
results and
a set of strategies is proposed to improve this situation. It is emphasized that good and sustainable
results of
environmental indicators depend on the presence of
cleaner production concepts and principles into structured and
standardized management processes. Are included the
results and discussion of a research carried on at the
plastic industry sector relating management procedures and cleaner production results. The paper ends
with the
case study associated to the creation of The SINDIPLAST Environmental Management Award, another way to
involve executives with cleaner production principles and management practices.
Keywords: Cleaner Production (CP), Eco-efficiency, Industrial Ecology, Environmental Management, Management Processes
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Structuring of Environmental Area in a Transport Company Sector of Pernambuco through Enterprise-University Partnership
Y. M. Paz, R. Prota, N. S. Cavalcanti, S. G. El-Deir (UFRPE), V. L. L. Bezerra (Grande Recife Transports Consortium)
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Abstract: The interaction with regard to the joint company x University brings the prospect of
building new forms of action regarding the management of the environment and an
the rethink of the executive area to the academy. The “Grande Recife Consórcio de
Transporte” (CTM), urban transport company of the Pernambuco State
Government, along with the Environmental Management Group in Pernambuco
(Gampe) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, structured the
Environmental Management area of Consortium aimed at rational use resources,
improvement of environmental quality and energy efficiency. This partnership was
based on participatory methodologies that articulated corporate and academic
knowledge. The process was based on the principles of Participatory Strategic
Environment Planning, being developed in a dialogue way, with the shareholders
commitment and empowerment of stakeholders inside and outside the company,
followed a modular structure and thematic (strategic planning, water, air, energy,
waste solids, air quality and health of confined spaces). This study, focused on
Corporate Environmental Management, is liable to be replicated in the corporate
environment, being easy to apply. In this sense this paper contributes to the
elevation of environmental quality in corporate environments and disseminate such
methodology for medium-sized businesses, especially in office places, aiming at the
direct or indirect conservation of natural resources.
Keywords: Environment, strategic planning, participatory methodology
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Student Sustainability Assessment: Ecological footprint, happiness and academic performance
ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J. A.; GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Universities can be great drivers of sustainable development. A university can influence students' decisions through knowledge. These students can represent governments, companies and institutions, making important decisions for social progress. In this way, evaluating students' sustainability is important for the decision-making of university efforts, aiming at students with more sustainable lifestyles. This paper evaluates the sustainability of two hundred and ninety - nine students of an educational institution. The evaluation model is the Input-StateOutput, chosen as a model of indicators the ecological footprint, happiness and the average score of students in the course. Specific questionnaires were prepared for data collection. A graphical cube was used to represent students' sustainability, presenting in this study the best scenario among the eight existing ones. Students were classified as "dematerialized" using resources below the capacity offered by the biosphere, have acceptable happiness index and good grades. The cube facilitates the understanding of the result of this evaluation, seeking a better direction of the services provided.
Keywords: Sustainability, Ecological footprint, Happiness, Academic performance.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study Notes on the Brazilian Amazon Countryside
BOTELHO, L. (IFAM/Erasmus University, The Netherlands)
|
Abstract: Since June of 2003 we have worked as consultant in native Amazonian communities. Our goal with this article is to describe our experiences as a consultant and researcher in the largest tropical forest on earth. To that end, we organized our arguments describing the authoritarianism of the development policies in the Amazon, the top to bottom policies, the reverse accountability, the reproduction of poverty hand in hand with the environmental destruction and, finally, on new paths, we make our final considerations. Our methodology is based on facts witnessed over these years, without subtracting the viewpoint of an economist as a social scientist. Our in loco experiences allowed us to observe how the development institutions operate, how the social-political game is played in the interior of the Amazon, and how the communities deal with their limitations in political and economic representation. Our final considerations work toward bringing greater autonomy to the people who live in the communities. Even though they are poor, the people who live in the native Amazonian communities don’t need philandering NGOs, inefficient development institutions and shameless policies. Thus, we work toward policies without middlemen, dealing with the families directly, without necessity of bookers or Amazon experts.
Keywords: The Amazon, Communities, Governance, Environment
[Abstract] [Organizational Report]
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Study of Anodic Eletrooxidation of Dimethyl Phtalate Using DSA
F. L. Souza, D. W. Miwa, E. M. Moreira, A. J. Motheo (USP)
|
Abstract: Anodic oxidation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was studied in a flow cell using a single
compartment dimensionally stable anode nominal composition Ti/Ru 0,3Ti 0,7O2 (De Nora Brasil)
cathode and titanium, both of 14 cm2. 350 mL of solution containing approximately 161.81 mg
L-1 of compost (equivalent to 100 ppm C) were electrolyzed at 25 ° C in a flow of 140 ml min-1 at
an ionic strength of 0.15 mol L-1. Parameters as the composition of electrolyte (NaCl and
Na2SO4), the Cl- concentration (250 mg L-1 - 2500 mg L-1), the pH range (2.0 to 8.0) and current
density (20-120 mA cm -2) were investigated, as well as their effects on current efficiency and
energy consumption. The higher removal of DMP, TOC and COD is achieved when NaCl is used
as supporting electrolyte, in which case both the oxidation by hydroxyl radicals adsorbed on the
electrode surface by species and active chlorine are happening. Oxidation occurs more readily in
acidic reaching an optimum at pH 2.0. Variations in the concentration of chloride showed that
lower concentrations are sufficient for further removal of DMP / TOC, although the COD removal
is directly dependent on the amount of chloride. The increase in current density for high values,
does not favor the oxidation of the compound, once the oxygen evolution reaction is favored
over chlorine evolution reaction that occurs in parallel with the oxidation of DMP, reaching a
maximum at 40 mA cm-2. The decay kinetics follows a pseudo-first reaction order with
coefficients greater than 0.99. The reaction rate is higher when using chloride as supporting
electrolyte, but is inversely proportional to the increase of chlorine concentration, current density
and pH.
Keywords: Phthalates, anodic oxidation, dimensionally stable anode
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of Case of Systems of Treatment of Effluent Domestic servants with the Use of Ambient Index
C. C. Silva (USP); C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
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Abstract: This work presents the results obtained on the emergy accounting of domiciliary effluent treatment systems’ comparison. Two systems were compared: the first one uses a Biodigestion system installed at Comunidade Independência in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. The second operates with an Activated Sludge system on the Effluent Treatment Station-Campo Galvão in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. The indicators were split into four groups. The traditional indicators proposed by ODUM (1966) are in the first group; on the second there are the performance indicators, that are specific to evaluate the sludge treatment. On the third and fourth groups, the systems were evaluated using indicators that establish a relation between Emergy and the Ecological Footprint. In these latter groups, it was possible to compare the resources’ use of both systems and to evaluate the scope of the indicator. From the first group’s study, that considers the workforce and the Brazilian electrical renewability, it’s possible to infer that the Biodigestion system is the best one. The performance indicators for sludge treatment systems indicate that the biodigestion system is more efficient that the activated sludge system to reduce the same amount of OBD. The indicators from third and fourth groups showed that the Activated Sludge’s Ecological Footprint in 400 times bigger than the biodigester's for eac h m³ of treated sludge.
Keywords: Emergy, effluent, activated sludge, biodigestor, environmental indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of Degradation of the complex EDTA-Cu (II) by Electrochemical Methods
V. S. Antonini, J. C. M. Silva, R. F. B. Souza, M. C. Santos (UFABC), G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM)
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Abstract: In mixed wastewater, the presence of metal ions can reduce the rate of organic contaminant
removal and decrease the efficiency of metal recovery. The study of ethylenediamine tetraacetic
acid (EDTA) degradation in natural environments has demonstrated its poor biodegradability and
indicates that EDTA behaves as a persistent pollutant in the environment. Additionally, the
contribution of EDTA to toxic metal bioavailability and remobilization processes in the
environment is a major concern. In the present study, the electrochemical degradation of the
complex EDTA-Cu(II) was performed at different currents (10 - 120 mA cm-2), and different
concentrations of the EDTA-Cu(II) complex (0,10, 0,15 and 0,20 mmol dm-3), using a
Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 type electrode. The results show that the electrochemical degradation was
efficient in oxidation of solutions, achieving a significant performance, about 85% removal of the
complex.
Keywords: Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), electrochemical degradation, copper
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of Incorporation of Wind Blades Waste in Portland Cement
M. P. M. Bini, M. L. P. Antunes, L. Sottovia (UNESP)
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Abstract: Industrial Residues represent a huge waste of raw material. And also they represent a potential
risk to the environment. The incorporation of waste in other processes may minimize
environmental damages, contributing to clean production. A residue produced in large quantities
in Sorocaba (S.P.) is the residue of wind blades. This waste needs a great area to disposal which
means much cost to the company. An alternative to residue disposal is incorporation in cement
matrix. The aim of this work is study the incorporation of wind blades waste in Portland cement
matrix, and produce a new material. The residue was characterized by wettability techniques,
infrared spectroscopy and granulometric analyses. The waste is hydrophilic and less heavy than
pebbles. A reduction in the mechanical strength occurred as the waste additions were increased.
The incorporation of this waste in cement matrix can be used to produce non-structural bricks.
Keywords: Portland cement, waste, characterization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of Integrated System Technology and Bioeconomy: Tropical Fruit Product Innovation and Bioenergy Study of Integrated System Technology and Bioeconomy: Tropical Fruit Product Innovation and Bioenergy
PANNIRSELVAM, P. V.; MARIE, C.; MATHIAS, J. M.; TAMIL, S. S. (UFRN)
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Abstract: The growth of the production of functional food in northeastern Brazil has an important position of the tropical fruit such as melon, papaya, pineapple and cashew, because it has good production managment and good acceptance in diverse climate and region. Production in the region of Mato Grande / RN is characterized by the production of tuberculos yam and cassava, fish,srimp and recently sorghum sugar, better productionsat national and international level. The process developed of local production is an opportunity to create jobs, increase income and sustainable development. The marketing of fresh product derived from fruit is the most common form of marketing, due to lack of technological capacities of the producers on how to add value. The activity of fruit processing waste generated in the form of peels and bagasse which for human consumption, have good nutritional contents, with composition ranging from 15 to 20% protein, 25 to 40% pectin and 40 to 55% fibers and carbohydrates. Currently fruit waste presents a serious environmental problem, as is the case of shrimp shells that generate about 150 tons per day only on RN. The objective of this project is the application of technological innovation in the total use of fruits, transforming raw materials into nutritional products with high profitability, viability and also has sustainable development as objective. Good results were obtained in structured fruit product and the processes associated with the use of clean energy and alternatively from various waste. These processes based on the products and processes already developed together with some communities RN. The innovative integration system outlined in this work points to high economic prospects for sustainable development, aimed at the proper reuse of waste and the application of concepts of industrial ecology total utilization of fruits.The clean production technology was made possible in this work , but requires significant investment ,but lower cost of production using solar energy and biogas.
Keywords: Structured fruit, biogas, micro algae, bioenergy, innovation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of Potential for Energy Recovery in Low-Cylinder Diesel Engines and its Environmental Impact
RAMIREZ, R.; SAGASTUME, A. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); VALENCIA, K.; HERNANDEZ, B.; DUARTE, J. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
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Abstract: This study of thermoelectric generators as an energy recovery system in exhaust gases is a constant research challenge. In this paper, the theoretical model that describes the behavior of the thermoelectric modules is exposed and the CFD simulation results across of ANSYS® software too, where the heat exchanger allows improving the efficiency of the modules increasing the transmitted heat and the surface temperature of hot focus, showing the temperature profile of heat exchanger in contact with exhaust gases and the electric potential of modules in the specific temperature. Also, the influence in the decrease of fuel consumption is evaluated and the environmental impact in the decrease of polluting emissions to the atmosphere.
Keywords: Thermoelectric module, simulation, heat exchanger, fuel, polluting emissions.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Study of Stability of C19H23N3 (Amitraz) through Analysis FT-IR Spectroscopy
T. M. B. Farias, J. C. C. Santana , F. A. Calarge (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: The work aims to study the stability of C19H23N23 in veterinary products through the
technique of analysis by infrared spectroscopy and Fourier Transform with Transmission and
Reflection (FT-IR).The potential and limitations of this method were investigated by
analyzing the spectroscopic changes occurring inside and on the surface of the material. This
work will present the sensitivity levels of the active principle as well as the small structural
changes that may occur in the material.
Keywords: FT-IR, amitraz, spectroscopy
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Study of temperature effect on Blue Methylene dye bio-removal process by Galactomyces geotrichum KL20A
CONTRERAS MERCADO, M.; VALLEJO LOZADA, W.; CHAVES LÓPEZ, C.; GRANDE TOVAR C. D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
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Abstract: Pollution of natural resources is a topic of growing global attention, last years different activities have increased consumption of a variety of substances which they are toxic to the environment, recalcitrant and hard to removal. Among these substances, dyes affect the quality of the water and are used in a wide range of industrial activities such as the textile. These dyes are undesirable to the environment, due to their toxicity and mutagenic risk, in addition, they cause changes in pH, salinity, increase dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical demand of oxygen (BOD), they also reduce water transparency affecting the photosynthetic activity and aquatic life. Different traditional physical-chemical methodologies to pollutant removal have been used for the treatment of dyes (e.g. adsorption, coagulation, precipitation, filtration and oxidation); however, these methods do not solve the problem completely, since they only change phase of pollutant and sometimes could generate by products toxic. Currently, biological processes (e.g. microorganisms and their enzymes) are emerging as one promising technique to bio-removal azo dyes from water sources, since this method not only degrade the dye but it can transform pollutants into harmless products, these byproducts may be integrated to nature biogeochemical cycles and cause less environmental impact. In this work, used a strain of yeast Galactomyces geotrychum KL20A isolated from samples of traditional kumis collected from production center in the Valle del Cauca Colombia in order to evaluate their ability to methylene blue dye bio-removal from water samples.
Keywords: Bio-removal, dyes azo dyes, Galactomyces geotrichum
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of the Appropriateness of the Plastics Industry in the State of Goiás to Integrated Management Actions of Post-Consumer Waste
OLIVEIRA, F. R.; OLIVEIRA, K. A. F. A. (SENAI Fatesg)
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Abstract: This article aims to report the study to learn about the actions of adequacy of plastic Industry in Central Goiás State, Brazil the Brazilian solid waste policy (PNRS). This study involved a survey of statistical data of the plastics industry, bibliographic research and documentary analyses, being characterized as an exploratory qualitative study. Through the interview was identified by the Union of industries of the State of Goiás plastic Material (Simplago) there are no effective action for the implementation of the PNRS for the sector, with the exception of educational actions. With the statistical analysis it was found that in Brazil 22% of plastic waste generated are intended for mechanical recycling and 13.5 percent of those go to dumps and landfills. There was also a trend in reduced production of plastic packaging in Brazil in recent years at the expense of packaging produced by other materials.
Keywords: Plastics industry, packaging, plastic recycling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of Vehicular Emission of Greenhouse Gases (GEE) in Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
MELO JÚNIOR, A. S. (USP/UNIP); GATTI, L. (IPEN/USP); SEVEGNANI, F.; SATIE, I.; IZIDRO, J.; IANNUZZI, A. (UNIP)
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Abstract: Knowing the behavior of the emission of greenhouse
gases (GHG) in the atmosphere is important due
to global climate change and its consequences for ecosystems. Studies involving vehicular emissions
are of great importance due to its role in GEE emissions. The aim of the research was to determine the
emission of major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4
and N2O) in fleet vehicles powered by gasoline. For this,
we studied two gasoline-powered vehicles of different years of manufacture. The tests were performed
on the dynamometer CETESB and IPEN.
Keywords: GEE, gasolina, aquecimento global, vehicular emission.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study of viability of use of a natural polymer (TANFLOC) in substitution to aluminum sulphate in the water treatment for human consumption
L. A. Coral (UFSC); R. Bergamasco (UEM); F. J. Bassetti (UTFPR)
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Abstract: This study aimed to demonstrate the technical viability of one natural polymer in substitution
to the aluminum sulphate as coagulation and flocculation agent in the water treatment for
consumption. Focusing in comparing the efficiency, basic physical-chemical parameters such
as pH, turbidity, alkalinity, settling solids and organic matter were analyzed, and then
measured after jar test, utilizing coagulant concentrations pre-established between 10 and
60 mg.L-1, in interval of 10 mg. The results obtained in the finish of the experiment,
indicates that the natural coagulant had shown more efficiency in regards to pH and
alkalinity parameters and got results very near regarding the other parameters analyzed.
The preliminary results proof that the natural polymer utilized (Tanfloc) can be a potential
substitute of the aluminum sulphate for the water treatment.
Keywords: Natural polymer, water treatment, superficial water
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study on Clean Technology Energy Production and Feed the Use of Agricultural Residues on Sugarcane and Integrated Biosystems
M. C. A. Neto, M. M.Cansian, A. H. F. Costa, J. M. Santos, P. V. Pannirselvam (UFRN)
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Abstract: Economic activity divorced from production of energy and agro animal feed production in
Brazil has low sustainability technologic, economic and ecological. The main objective of this
proposal is the development of innovative technologies, seeking solutions for these problems
with the use of residual biomass for use in the production of bioenergy and clean pet food on
a small scale. The proposal involves the multidisciplinary study of the production chain with
clean technology, both in feed production cost down, as in the process of obtaining raw
materials with the participation of sugarcane mills of newborns in all phases of the project.
This study will be selected communities and designed micro plants to feed production, biohydrogen
and biogas. Through a case study of utilization of solid waste, this study uses
innovative methods of analysis and synthesis processes both for power generation in small
rural communities as the processing of waste into feed low cost solar power and biogas
integrated way for drying food. Results were obtained on various parameters related to the
economic viability and the use of clean energy from biogas and solar energy to replace the
wood. Technology designed for each route, we will analyze various scenarios of feed
production, based on raw material bagasse of sugarcane. This innovative system design will
be released via internet and the diffusion of technology will be in partnership with
collaborating companies through the implementation of a pilot plant for the community,
including micro-entrepreneurs and farmers. Producers will be able to build and operate micro
feed production plants in order to reach the local market to improve the nutritional
characteristics of bagasse and production of nutritious meal of animal protein and vegetable
waste sludge digester, with innovative formulas using low-cost computational tool as a way to replace the conventional diets.
Keywords: Digester, sugarcane, bio-energy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study on Hídrica Economy in a based University Campus in the principles of Reduction in the Source
J. W. P. da Silva; M. R. da Silva; M. F. Silva; R. R. M. Freitas; S. B. de Almeida (Uniminas)
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Abstract: The objective of the work is quantitatively to identify the sources of water consumption in a university campus characterizing them, and from these surveys to consider measures for reduction on the consumption of these natural resources. In this context there will be proposals for action on environmental education involving all the population of the campus. Beyond these actions, there will be proposals for corrective actions in the sense of improving the internal processes that use water. The reduction of about 30% on the costs caused by high water consumption inside the campus is expected with this project.
Keywords: University campus, hídrica economy, reduction
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Study on the Implementation of Cleaner Production in a Company of Sector of Reinforced Plastic with Fiberglass
G. S. Milan; D. B. Grazziotin; M. R. Pretto (UCS)
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Abstract: Aiming a competitive distinction, companies usually adopt preventive environmental strategies by considering also higher social and economic responsibility. In this context, it is important to discuss about new production models which focus on cleaner production strategies. The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of cleaner production practices applied by a fiberglass reinforced plastic company. The evaluated company adopted an environmental administration system that tries to join value to the manufactured products, at the same time minimizing the currently generated waste in the manual molding from 19.5% to 4%. This effort and challenges faced by the fiberglass company is discussed.
Keywords: cleaner production implementation, waste reduction, fiberglass
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Substitution of Non-Biodegradable Surfactants Used in Emulsion Polymerizations - A Study of the Polymerization Process and Performance of Products Obtained
C. R. S. Buono; E. Bittencourt (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: Emulsion polymerization is considered a safe, economic, versatile, and consequently of
interest as an environmentally friendly process. However , surfactants utilized need to
be biodegradable, and still guarantee a good film quality , with an adequate
performance according to its end use. We investigated the substitution of an alkyl
phenol ethoxylated (APE) surfactant ,commonly for a sulfosuccinate surfactant , which
degrades in a week in contact with soil. Replacement was conducted keeping in mind the
properties obtained in the final latex, in addition to the biodegradability of the surfactant. To
adequately understand the behavior resulting from the replacement , it was necessary to
study the surfactant kinetic effect, as well as the effect on particle size distribution,
considering that wa ter soluble and water insoluble monomers are utilized , as needed for
paint formulations. Different copolymerization and terpolymerizations were conducted,
with combinations of the monomers styrene, n-butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic
acid, and acrylamide, which are of very significant industrial interest for the film
performance of paint formulations. Particle sizes were measured and related to the dual
mechanism of polymerization, with the contribution of the aqueous phase polymerization,
and which also affects to the final emulsion viscosity.
Keywords: Polymerization, emulsion, surfactants, biodegradability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Suggestions for Implementation of Cleaner Production in Cassava Starch Industry
BOHN, C.; GEITENES, S.; OLIVEIRA, L.; MEES, J. B. R; (UFTPR)
|
Abstract: The market is becoming increasingly demanding, requiring companies not only offering quality products,
but also
the implementation of responsible administration of
the environment and the community in which they operate. In
this scenario, the Cleaner Production may favor the
emergence of competitive advantage in business, and a big
step towards the economic and sustainable development, enabling enterprises to function with socially
and
environmentally responsible, reflecting also on economic and technological improvements. The objective of this
work is the suggestion of applying actions of Cleaner Production in cassava starch factories, as these
industries are
found in large number in the state of Parana and have a potential pollutant due to the toxicity of manipueira
(liquid from the pressing of cassava), amount of waste generated and water consumed in the processing of
cassava for the production of starch. To this end,
the production process was mapped, in accordance with the
literature, and was identified in each step opportunities of improvement and implementation of Cleaner
Production. Were identified
two types of solid residue
in process, the cassava’s peels and the residual mass,
and two types of liquid residue, the manipueira and
the residual water. According to the CNTL / SENAI
methodology of cleaner production program implementation, was proposed to the cassava’s peels the
commercialization to cattle farmers, for animal feed. To the residual mass, was recommended the double-milling
to the recovery of starch, and its use in feed for
beef cattle. Regarding to manipueira, was suggested
the
implementation of a anaerobic horizontal reactor, with the possibility of using the gas generated in the production
process, for burning in boilers. For the residual water were proposed several suggestions, like using
systems with
pressurized water and hoses with reducer nozzles to
control water flow, best practice training to the
employees,
water reuse in the process (when possible), and use
of the cleaning system (CIP cleaning in place). The adoption
of an environmentally correct posture by
companies is becoming increasingly common,
because of the
prerequisites of national and global trade and compliance with laws. The cleaner production is a viable alternative
to combat environmental problems of the companies,
whatever its segment of industry. The cleaner production
programs requires constant revision and commitment
of all employees of the companies, so that it becomes part
of your organizational culture. That way, they can
obtain competitive advantages generated by clean production
strategy.
Keywords: Cleaner production, cassava starch industry, waste.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability and Cleaner Production in Construction Sites
J. Gehlen (UnB)
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Abstract: This work addresses the concept of sustainability and cleaner production and its application
in construction sites. Construction firms are portrayed as having a role in conveying changes
in the productive chain of the construction industry. Although the main focus of sustainable
initiatives in building has been in the architectural design phase, the building site—where
construction firms have more leverage—may contribute significantly to reduce the
environmental liabilities in the industry.
The sustainable construction site may be actualized in different ways from the pursuing of
strategic actions, which are classified as: responsible procurement; community relations;
occupational health and safety management; quality management project; reduction of
construction waste; solid waste management; land use and occupation (construction site
design); water consumption; energy consumption and transportation; local vegetation and
wildlife conservation; and education of partners.
Assuming that sustainability will only be attained by means of strengthening the learning
system of construction firms, three sorts of corporate culture instruments are analyzed:
management systems (ISO 9001, PBQP-H, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18000, SA 8000), green
building certifications (LEED and AQUA) and local programs (PGM and PRAS), from the
standpoint of each instrument’s contributions to the development of sustainable construction
sites.
Keywords: Sustainable construction, construction sites, certifications
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability and Environmental Preservation: A Bibliometric Study on Biofuels
M. M. de Carvalho, A. P. V. B. V. Lopes, D. S. L. Marzagão (USP)
|
Abstract: The need to reduce greenhouse gases emission improves the interest in research and
production of biofuels.
The main objective of this work is to understand the literature of biofuels, more specifically
related to the strategies adopted by countries seeking sustainability and environmental
preservation. For this, the authors performed a bibliometric study with content analysis. The
database chosen was ISI Web of Knowledge (Web off Science), with the topics “biofuels” and “strategy”. One hundred thirty works were obtained, but the authors chose to only analyze
articles, decreasing the number to eighty-nine jobs, which involved three hundred seventynine
authors, sixty-four journals and thirty-six countries. After reading the abstracts, thirteen
articles were excluded because they did not fit the theme, resulting a final sample of
seventy-six articles, between 1999 and 2010.
The authors analyzed the publications (journals and most important areas) and citations
(frequency, most cited articles, citations of articles to references). The journals that
published more articles on the topic were: Biomass & Bioenergy, Energy Policy,
Environmental Science & Technology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America. The main areas were: agriculture, bacteria / protein, biomass,
fuel consumption, emissions and energy.
Keywords: Biofuels, strategy, bibliometric study
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability and Performance in Organization: An Analysis of the Triple Bottom Line Approach
HORNEAUX JR., F.; GALLELI, B. (USP); NUNES, B. (Aston Business School - UK)
|
Abstract: This theoretical study aims to discuss how to define organizational performance regarding sustainability based on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach, that is, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The analysis is based on defining what Sustainability-Oriented Organizational Performance (SOOP) is, and to discuss three theoretical propositions, as follows. Proposition 1: Sustainability-Oriented Organizational Performance should consider, simultaneously and in an integrated way, economic, social and environmental aspects; Proposition 2: Considering the TBL approach, Sustainability-Oriented Organizational Performance will have different compositions within the three dimensions, economic, social and environmental; And finally, Proposition 3: SustainabilityOriented Organizational Performance will be defined differently for each organization in each period. After an analysis of the unfolding of the propositions, the article is finished with suggestions for an initial research agenda for studies that can empirically investigate its validity.
Keywords: sustainability, triple bottom line, sustainability performance, performance measurement
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainability and the Allocation of Oil Royalties: A Theoretical Contribution
H. K. M. Costa, E. M. dos Santos (USP)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to build the principle of justice within and between generations by proposing
the unitary approach of several human generations for the standardization of the allocation
of government take from the production of hydrocarbons. Thus, it argues that the allocation
of oil revenues on public policies should reflect each recipient location, within the perspective
of considering the vocation of the territory's development and thinking about the real needs
of the whole local population, considering the basic premise for the continuity of quality of
life on the globe and according to the sustainability vision.
Keywords: Principle of justice within and between generations, production of hydrocarbons, allocation
of government takes, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability Assessment Criteria for a Green Building Enterprise
SANTOS, L. C. R.; RISENBERG, R. R. C. (PUC-PR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Nature is finite, the semi-renewable resources and the ecosystems' capacity to absorb the pollutants has made the concern for sustainability rise. Some factors that are making resources limited are population growth and increased per capita consumption. It should be noted that the impact of buildings on natural resources is significant. The construction industry is identified as the sector with human activities that most consume natural resources, in addition to using energy intensively, causing negative environmental impacts. Besides the impacts related to the consumption of matter and energy, there are those associated to the generation of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes. Thus, it is estimated that more than 50% of the solid waste generated by all human activities comes from construction, so the limitation of the sources of resources and the finite capacity of the ecosystems are the challenges to achieve an ecologically sustainable economy. However, management professionals have been struggling to integrate their operations with sustainability issues. From the context, the research problem is presented: what are the results obtained from a process of evaluation of the sustainable operations of an organization in the civil construction segment? Thus, the objective was to identify the results obtained from an evaluation process of sustainable operations of an organization in the civil construction segment. This organization is the EuroBusiness, located in Curitiba, in the State of Paraná - Brazil, the first venture in the South of Brazil to receive the LEED Platinum Seal, the highest level of certification by LEED, accounting for less than 2% of Certified ventures around the world. To reach the proposed objective, the research is considered of an applied nature, with a qualitative approach and exploratory, descriptive and analytical objectives. Standardized data collection techniques involve a literature review and interviews with specialists. The results indicate that the strategy adopted by EuroBusiness involved aspects of envelopment, lighting, measurement and verification, green roofing, use and reuse of water and indoor air quality (IAQ) and contortion. In this way, it can be seen that the high technology used by the project throughout the project, reduces its operational cost and its environmental impact with the concern for saving natural resources.
Keywords: sustainable green building, domotics, sustainable product development
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Sustainability Assessment in Higher Education Institutions: Perspectives and Global Experiences
BRANDÃO, M. S.; OMETTO, A. R.; LEME, P. C. S. (EESC/USP)
|
Abstract: Sustainability assessment has been showed as a challenge for Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Assessing goes beyond simple choosing, developing and tracking indicators and includes strategic planning in HEI. The assessment framework choice is strategic during the assessment process, and its choice generally differs from one institution to another. While some HEI prefer develop their own sustainability assessment framework, others feel more comfortable in using well-known frameworks as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Even though GRI was originally develop to assist private corporations, several HEI have been using GRI to assess sustainability. This fact arouses interest about reasons for adopting and framework adaptations of GRI to educational institutions. The results showed that although those adaptions in GRI indicators to HEI scenarios are possible, they are limited to environmental management area in general. Besides, the results indicate a group of environment management themes and topics that were recurrent in HEI’s GRI reports.
Keywords: Sustainability, assessment, Higher Education Institutions, Global Reporting Initiative, strategy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability Assessment of Agribusiness Expansion in the Brazilian Savanna
COSTA, M.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: MATOPIBA is an acronym of the initials of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, together they form the new agricultural frontier of the country. This region has been gaining national prominence due to its high production of soybeans, corn and cotton. In 2015, the Brazilian Government published the MATOPIBA Agricultural Development Plan (PDA) through Decree No. 8,447 of May 6, 2015, with the purpose of promoting and coordinating public policies aimed at the sustainable economic development of this region. While these incentives may result in socio-economic benefits, socio-environmental costs may also arise. In this sense, the objective of this work is to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the agribusiness advance in MATOPIBA. The conceptual model of sustainability Input-State-Output is used, considering three indicators (emergy / capita, HDI and GDP / capita) that represent each sector of this model; the time window from 1991 to 2015 is evaluated. The results show an improvement in the GDP / capita numbers during this period, increasing about 10 times the value of 2015 compared to the year 2000), as well as the increase of the HDI (approximately 3 times higher), but the demand for nature remained high. These figures indicate that the progress of agribusiness in MATOPIBA has resulted in the improvement of social and economic indicators, as the region is becoming more efficient in the conversion of resources (emergy / capita) to wealth (GDP / capita), at the same time increasing the quality of the population (IDHM). In this way, considering the limitations and methods used in this work, we can consider that the development plan of MATOPIBA resulted in the improvement of social and economic indicators, but still needs to improve its efficiency in exploring the resources of nature to reduce the value of Emergia / capita , so that it can be considered as a sustainable region.
Keywords: Agribusiness, MATOPIBA, Multicriteria sustainability assessment, Regional sustainability.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability Assessment of Ethanol Production from Sugarcane
C. L. F. Pereira; E. Ortega (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This work assesses the sustainability of ethanol produced from sugarcane. The environmental feasibility of a large-scale production is considered through a Life Cycle concept by using fossil fuel embodied energy analysis and emergy assessment. Results indicate that about 1.82 kg of topsoil is eroded, 18.4 liters of water is consumed and 1.52 m2 of land are needed to produce 1 liter of ethanol from sugarcane. Also, 0.79 kg of CO2 is released to atmosphere per liter of ethanol produced. The energy content of ethanol is 7.2 times greater than the fossil-based energy required to produce it. The transformity of ethanol is about the same of those calculated for fossil fuels existing in literature. The Renewability of ethanol is 31%, considered as a low performance; other emergy indices indicate high load on environmental. Sugarcane and ethanol production adopting large scale systems present low sustainability.
Keywords: Emergy analysis, Life Cycle Assessment, biofuels, ethanol
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability Evaluation of a Company Through G.A.I.A. Tool
D. L. Delavy; M. F. Preussler; J. A. R. Moraes; D. R. Lopez (UNISC)
|
Abstract: The need for a company to achieve a certain level of sustainability has become a necessity, from the symptoms presented by climate change on the planet. Worldwide actions are being planned and implemented to minimize the impacts caused by the uncontrolled use of natural resources. At the same time, the laws become more stringent with respect to the productive sector, blaming it for the generation of waste and its proper disposal. The search for the use of clean technologies, makes the difference for companies. The instrument used to measure the sustainability index is the GAIA tool, developed scientifically based on improving the environmental performance of organizations and the achievement of full sustainability. With the basic principles of legal compliance, continuous improvement and pollution prevention. The metal-mechanic sector is presented as an impactful activity by using large amounts of water to clean parts producing residues class I, sludge oil and grease.
Keywords: Sustainability, pollution prevention, environmental management, metal-mechanical
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Sustainability in Agricultural Activities Developed in the Western Region of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the Viewpoint of Rural Extension Technicians
A. W. L. da Silva (UDESC), P. M. Selig (UFSC), A. A. Lerípio (UNIVALI), C. V. Viegas (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: The perception of rural extensionists from Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural
Extension Agency (EPAGRI) and from Watershed Project 2 – as regards the sustainability of
agricultural activities in the Western Region of Santa Catarina, Brazil – was assessed by means
of a semi-structured questionnaire used to interview 116 professionals in the areas of Chapecó,
Maravilha, Palmitos, São Lourenço do Oeste and Xanxerê. Respondents believe that the degree
of sustainability of regional primary production is low/medium and that nine out of ten
farmers do not require that the practices adopted in their farms are sustainable or they are
indifferent to this aspect. Environmental degradation, lack of knowledge and economic
factors appear as the main problems concerning this issue. Results lead to the conclusion that
the Western Region faces an “unsustainability syndrome of the agricultural model". Most
respondents agree with the implementation of differentiated payment for farmers who produce
in a sustainable way, but a quarter of the respondents do not have a general opinion on this
subject.
Keywords: Rural extension, sustainability, sustainable agriculture, Western Region of Santa Catarina
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Sustainability in Civil Construction
J. A. Yemal, N. O. V. Teixeira, I. A. Nääs (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Given the competitive landscape in the civil construction industry, many companies discard their waste as cheaply and quickly, without proper responsibility to the environment. With this there
is a growing environmental concern in which builders seek more viable restructuring techniques
for better reuse of these materials, seeking a sustainable development for your business. The
concern for Cleaner Production has become part of their strategic plans. In this sense, the firm
minimizes environmental damage in the production process and meets the new industry
regulations, with the focus on getting the most value with its customers and to seek competitive
advantage over competitors. The research aims to identify practices responsible for Cleaner
Production in a construction company that seeks sustainability through environmental methods
is correct and the techniques can boost sustainability in civil construction.
Keywords: Sustainability, cleaner production, civil construction, waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability in the Hotel Industry, Efficient Use of Water and Electricity Resources. Case: Hotel San Angel
VELÁZQUEZ, L. E.; SÁNCHEZ, N. E.; MUNGUÍA, N. E.; ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: The tourism industry provides significant economic
benefits to be a powerful generator of income, employment
and development, but the provision of these services generates negative impacts so comes the concern of the
companies to be sustainable. It should be noted that a continued growth of this sector is expected and, within this,
the hotel industry, so it is necessary to implement actions that benefit the environment, from which the objective
of this study is potentially prevent, eliminate and/or reduce environmental impacts by optimizing the
use of
electricity and water; this through the implementation of Sustainable Services Program that serves as
a tool for
environmental decision making and proposes technological and cultural measures to reduce consumption of
resources in question. This program includes among
its stages the processes characterization carried out by the
provision of services involving the use of electricity and water in section III of the Hotel San Angel, and is required
for the formation of a team of integrated sustainability by hotel staff and the graduate faculty of sustainability
where there was an exchange of information and through its analysis priority areas are identified for
the
implementation of sustainable actions. Sustainable
Services Program leads to cost reductions resulting
from the
optimization of the use of electricity and water, which also benefits by reducing environmental impact
s such as
CO2 reduction and better use of water resources that
help reduce one of the main problems in the region, that is
to say, water availability, also the sum of the economic and environmental benefits they provide as well as social
benefits by providing a better corporate image and
competitive advantage to meet customer expectations.
Keywords: Sustainable development, Tourism, Hotel, Optimization
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Sustainability in the Bioenergy Industry
S. Ávila Filho; J. R. N. Lopes (SENAI-BA); A. C. Torres (UFRJ); A. S. Machado (SENAI-BA)
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Abstract: Cleaner production is based on techniques to prevent pollution by reducing the energy usage, water and other material resources, minimising wastes, reducing risks and negative environmental impacts from the production process. In this sense, the use of biodiesel appears as a potential substitute fossil energy source which could contribute to a cleaner production, however, biodiesel production and its use still involves challenges and uncertainties at different aspects as social, environmental and economic. The Multi-Objective Analysis establishes relationship among the project and its several drivers, which could support decision makers. This work presents a methodological approach that supply information regarding implementation processes, fixation and discussion around the biodiesel industry considering economic, social, environmental, technician and ethical aspects.
Keywords: Biodiesel, multi-objective analyse, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability in the Process of Nail Care and Beauty in Beauty Salons in São Paulo
OZUNA, G. Y.; VELAZQUEZ, L. E. (UNISON, Mexico); GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP); MUNGUÍA, N. E. (UNISON, Mexico)
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Abstract: In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of salons that perform the service of beauty and care of the nails. This economic activity has many benefits, but it is not without negative impacts, because during their development both occupational and environmental hazards are generated, so prevention is an important task; however, there are factors that limit and/or prevent the practice of this prevention. This paper presents the implementation of the first two stages of a Sustainable Services Program, based on the approach of Cleaner Production and Pollution Prevention in seven salons in the city of São Paulo. During the first stage, the culture of sustainability was fostered in salon owners, same that was embodied in the environmental policy developed. During stage two, inventories and procedures were analyzed for identifying hazards; the results showed physical (lighting), chemical (volatile organic compounds), biological, and ergonomic risks; during the final phase of this stage a Sustainable Plan Services was written where various measures were proposed for prevention, elimination and/or reduction, as well as training on occupational health and environmental care of the people who work within salons, thus contributing to the formalization of this type of business, and conducting their activities in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: Nails, beauty, risks, sustainability, cleaner production.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Sustainability in the Process of Sugar Cane of Reception in Plant Sugarcane
GONÇALES FILHO, M.; CAMPOS, F. C. (UNIMEP)
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Abstract: This study identified the gaps of the segments of the industries with the largest application opportunities of Lean Thinking (PE), so that it could deepen this opportunity effectively by the sugarcane segment, which is included among those who make intensive use of water for the development of their activities, relies largely on the use of water resources, requiring the management of agribusinesses enter the theme in their corporate strategic priorities. This article covered the production process of the plant and the attention back to the sugarcane cleaning procedure on receipt of this raw material, and straw, if separate from reception, could possibly be used as an energy source and, once separated, may also improve the performance of the production process. In this sense, the search for alternatives that eliminate waste in the factories is of strategic importance, and reuse wastewater or replace it with another sugarcane cleaning option becomes a requirement for the development of a sustainable business. The research method used came from an exploratory literature review for the survey of the main concepts of lean production in order to provide the necessary basis for the implementation of Lean Thinking to eliminate waste. For the applicability was conducted a study of multiple cases. The contribution of this work is to point out that the integration of Lean Manufacturing with the Green Manufacturing is a successful way for companies, and analyze through comparative studies, the procedures adopted in the production system that could possibly indicate viable economic solutions in order to support environmental and social gains.
Keywords: Sustainable Production, Lean Manufacturing, sugarcane plant
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability index to civil construction: A brazilian check-list proposal
L. S. Goron (UFRGS); J. M. Oliveira (SENAI-RS); R. M. C. Tubino (UFRGS)
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Abstract: In 2005 The Environmental Committee of SINDUSCON-RS, knowing the needs of building
companies to search for compliance to environmental requirements, created a proposal for a
national check-list which could be used as an evaluation of companies on environmental
sustainability grounds.
At that time, there were approaches to the concept of Green Buildings, but the search was
for something similar, yet Brazilian, with items with national significance and applicable to
national reality and also accessible to as many companies as possible.
SINDUSCON-RS looked for a partnership with SENAI National Centre of Clean Tecnologies –
CNTL, whose work focuses mostly on small and medium size companies and was then
working on a project for online consulting for Cleaner Production and Waste Management in
civil construction. The concepts and initiatives of CNTL and SINDUSCON were convergent and
the partnership was created. The work started up at the beginning of 2007, with advice by
the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
Initially, a reference review was done of the main index worldwide and of other existing
works in this area. A comparative table of the most renowned indexes worldwide was
created and, after that, the major items and the scoring method of each one were evaluated.
Then the creation of the sustainability index developed by this group started. This work last
about one year and a half, with periodical meetings until the software was finished, and then
the basic check-list was created. In October of 2008, this national check list was showed at
80º ENIC under the title “Sustainability Index – A national Check-List Proposal”.
The first version of the “Sustainability Index to civil construction– A national Check-List
Proposal” will be open to everybody for about six months to test and in order to create a
data bank with the answers of the chosen options and suggested options. After this period
the fist version will be revised and, if necessary, changes will be undertaken. Thereafter it
will be officially released to be used as a tool in search of environmental suitability, or even
as an evaluation and validation method that will bring a final result related to the
sustainability of the assessed enterprise.
Keywords: Sustainability, building a checklist, civil construction index
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability Management in Ports
FOSSILE, D. K. (PUC-PR); GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR)
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Abstract: The paper aims to present an analysis of the scientific production on sustainability management in ports. The main objective of the study is to quantitatively analyze what has been produced regarding the management of sustainability in ports and qualitatively examine the evolution of the studies, identifying gaps and research opportunities. Science Direct represented the database. For the data analysis, Microsoft Excel®, Wordle™ e Ucinet® were used. The terms “sustainability management in seaports and ports” were used as key expressions. This generated a sample of 36 papers on the topic. At the end of the study, the outcomes of the descriptive statistics with the identification of the most cited authors, papers and journals by researchers around the world, relationship network of citations and a keyword cloud were presented. Considering the research outcomes, it was observed that the majority of studies on sustainability management in ports has been developed in European ports and there is an exponential growth on studies related to the topic. This implies that journals and researchers have shown a growing interest in further investigate this area. Thus, this study becomes an important asset for the development of ideas, concepts and approach perspectives on the topic.
Keywords: Sustainability management, ports, performance indicators
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics: General Comparative Analysis
C. R. Álvarez-Chávez, S. Edwards, R. Moure-Eraso, K. Geiser (University of Massachusetts-Lowell-USA)
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Abstract: This study evaluated the sustainability of bio-based plastics including all the stages of their
life cycle (cradle to grave) to assist in decision-making about selection of these bio-based
materials. Plastics are considered essential materials in today’s society, but during their life
cycle they contribute to pollution and depletion of natural non-renewable resources. Biobased
plastics appear as more environmentally friendly materials than their petroleum
based counterparts when they are compared considering their origin and biodegradability.
But which of the bio-based plastics currently on the market or soon to be on the market are
preferable from an environmental, health, and safety perspective? Results of this study were
summarized in two graphic tools based on analysis of the data gathered on bio-based
plastics according to sustainability criteria. They showed that none of bio-based plastics
currently in commercial use or under development are fully sustainable. Each of the biobased
plastics reviewed utilizes genetically modified organisms for feedstock manufacture;
toxic chemicals in the production process or generates as byproducts, or co-polymers from
non-renewable resources, etc. Substitution of conventional petroleum-based plastics with
safer bio-based plastics requires the knowledge of the flow of these materials and their
adverse impacts in all their life cycle in order to consider new approaches towards
sustainability.
Keywords: Bioplastics, bio-based plastics, life cycle analysis
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainability of Operations for the Timber Industry of Mato Grosso
M. C. Nehme (UCS)
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Abstract: The operations of extraction and industrialization of timber from the Amazon suffer
restrictions on domestic and international market. This article reports the results of a project
developed with 15 companies in the timber sector in the State of Mato Grosso. Aiming to
encourage increasing efficiency of operations of the logging industry, we used the
methodology of Cleaner Production. 1275 hours were dedicated to working together with
Ecotimes to analyze operations, identify opportunities for improvement and implement
projects. The results were highly significant both in the point of view environmental, such as
economic, technical / technological and social.
Keywords: Sustainability, timber industry, cleaner production, Amazon, Mato Grosso State
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability management of the VHP sugar supply chain: case study in the transportation stage
SENE, A. P.; CAMILO, R.; BONFIM-ROCHA, L.; MANO, T. B ; RAVAGNANI, M. A. S. S. (UEM - Brazil)
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Abstract: Concerns about the environmental impacts of sugar production in Brazil opens up space for the development of research on Supply Chain Sustainability Management (SCSM). This work report uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and multi-objective optimization (MOO) methods, especially in the transport phase of very high polarization (VHP) sugar, in order to perform an environmental and economic performance evaluation, for two scenarios, using a case study involving a linear programming problem. In the first scenario, the transportation is carried out only by the road modal, in the second scenario the transportation is intermodal, where a portion of the route was a railroad. With regard to the evaluation of environmental impacts, for the case study, input data regarding the equivalent CO2 emission were used. For the economic performance indicator, primary data from a brazilian sugar mills and background data obtained through national reports, manuals and databases were used. Based on the methodology used applying MOO to minimize cost, the model provided optimal cost and CO2 emissions solutions for scenario one, of 5.72x1010 kg of CO2 and cost of USD 33,216, respectively. Scenario two shows an improvement in environmental performance, reducing CO2 emissions to 1.51x109 kg of CO2, but increasing costs to USD 98,555. The results of the scenario showed that the railroads may bring relevant environmental benefits, such as of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, but an alternative little explored in Brazil.
Keywords: Linear programming, multi-objective optimization, life cycle assessment, sugar cane, VHP sugar.
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainability Practices in Educational Secondary Education Schools
CUBAS, A. L. V.; MACHADO, M. M.; DUTRA, A. R. A.; MOECKE, E. H. S.; MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL)
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Abstract: This article aims to present initiatives to enhance the teaching-learning process in the development of a sustainable society through work reports made by Unisul in secondary schools, with water and solar energy topics. For the work development were developed two pedagogical practices: rainwater recovery and solar heating system with low cost materials. The results were evaluated, on the perspective of schools and students (teaching / learning) and in the case of schools, the advantages involved in saving water and electricity bills and greater environmental awareness among teachers, students and employees using the built systems during practice for high school students. From the high school teaching/learning process’ point of view , students were unanimous in their assertion that the theoretical contents in practice, stimulates learning and that the developed themes (water and solar energy) awaken to awareness aboutthe preservation of the planet.
Keywords: Pedagogical practices, Secondary schools, Rainwater recovery, Solar heating system
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainability Strategies for Coastal Aquifer Analysis: Hermosillo Coast
ZEPEDA QUINTANA, D. S.; LOEZA RENTERIA, C. M.; OJEDA DE LA CRUZ, A.; VELÁZQUEZ CONTRERAS, L. E. (UNISON - Mexico)
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Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunity areas in coastal aquifer research to guide water management actors in their practice, management, education and future research. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review of papers, methodologies, agency reports, books and website documents was conducted in order to identify practices and strategies worldwide towards a sustainable management of water resources that can lead to a cross-sectional plan. Findings – Sustainable strategies for coastal aquifers depend on many variables that nowadays are working separately. Therefore, if the business-as-usual strategies are not enough to reach sustainability, decision makers should work together in a holistic way to have accurate information that can serve as an updated scientific basis. Practical implications – The paper discusses how the coastal aquifers should be managed in order to use its resources in a sustainable manner, so human water needs can be satisfied and the freshwater resources can be preserved. Originality/value – Even though there is plenty information about coastal aquifers and its management in literature, most of the information discuss specific topics of the entire coastal aquifers management. The originality/value of this paper is the interaction of the sustainability pillars towards future holistic strategies based on the state of art of this topic.
Keywords: climate change, coastal aquifer, marine intrusion, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Sustainable Alternatives for Urban Water Supply in Sanitation Companies
POZZA, C. B.; VIEIRO, A.; OLIVEIRA, G. A.; TROJAN, F. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the sustainable practices of urban water supply by the Supply Companies in the Paraná and Santa Catarina states and to verify if these supply companies do the monitoring of these practices by performance indicators, which express the dimensions of the triple bottom line. For the initial analysis, a literature review was carried out on sustainable management of water resources and water footprint concepts, sustainable supply alternatives and indicators of sustainable performance. The research is characterized regarding its nature as applied, regarding its objectives as exploratory / descriptive feature, the technique used was a case study and data collection was made on the Supply Companies and on the website of the National Information System on Sanitation. It was verified whether the practices focused at sustainability that the companies practice are inserted in the triple bottom line and reach the economic, social and environmental levels. The indicator model used, as reference in this study was the Sabesp’s Indicators Panel, being addressed the operational, environmental, economic and social indicators. It was verified that losses in the production process and distribution are critical factors for the sustainability of these Companies, presenting high percentages when compared to the percentage of Sabesp’s losses.
Keywords: Sustainability, water supply, indicators
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Bio Economy of Food and Fuel Based on the Industrial Ecology of Innovative Process Design of Biomass Solid Wastes Technology Management
PANNIRSELVAM, P. V.; MATHIAS, J. M.; TAMIL, S. S. (UFRN); VIKASH, K. (IIT Bombat, India)
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Abstract: Energy demand and the price for energy is increasing day by day everywhere as global economic problems. Renewable energy from waste is one of the alternative source which can be use parallel to conventional energy resources. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution. For this problem an integrated system, industrial and ecological using the clean Small Integrated Process Systems (SIPS) based on the Zero Waste, Industrial ecology, cleaner industrial design and green chemistry concept was studied using the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the wastes. The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows.This paper deals with tools and methods used to make the small process system design using innovative process equipment design and the process optimization for waste minimization. The main objective is not only small scale energy production, but as well as with the co-production of hot and cold thermal energies from agro wastes along with small electric power. The SIPS approach has many benefits and potentials. The system design use Biodigestion process, hydrogen and methane bio-fuels and internal combustion (IC) engine. The project was developed using simulation system tools for the process analysis (synthesis, modelling and design) of two stage anaerobic bio process and its integration. Super Pro Designer Process simulation software was used to make synthesis and evaluate these options and performs material balance, environment impact analysis. Towards the economical valorisation product development from municipal solid wastes (MSW), agro wastes and municipal waste water sludge solid wastes as the raw material biomass ,the H2 rich gas (H2, CH4 etc.) was found to be the main product using the two stage process design of anaerobic bio digestion from liquids, where as the ammonium and water recovered as liquid fertilizer and carbon dioxide are co products . The economic viability reports, environmental emissions reports, systems tools and methods used for several preliminary project developments of clean SIPS are obtained. The integrated biosystem system design are under developments of industrial ecological production using solar energy as base case ,yet this system designed need to adopted for the present and future need of optimized clean production of bio energy production with the economic and ecological sustainability from biomass wastes to the local energy and bioeconomy demand.
Keywords: Biomass, Bio energy, Municipal Solid Waste, Auto thermal, IC Engine
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Bioeconomy Using Ecological Industrial Biorefinary Design for Food, Feed and Fuel from Wastes: System Innovation and Techno Economic Analysis Using Process Simulation Tools
PANNIRSELVAM, P. V.; CARDOSO, M.; MIRANDA, A. S.; CANSIAN, M. M. (UFRN); MORENO, M. (UNOPAR); GÓIS M. C. (UFRN); SANTOS, J. M. (Public School-SP); KEMPEGOWDA, R. S. (NTNU-Norway)
|
Abstract: Brazil is the leader of ethanol biofuel development
and also for biomass charcoal, yet lacks in clean
rural biofuel
and bioenergy production from waste are common. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due
to the
increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution. For this problem, an integrated system,
industrial and ecological, using the clean Small Integrated Bio-Systems (SIBS) based on the Zero Waste, industrial
ecology, cleaner industrial design and green chemistry concept was studied using the three basic principles. The
first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second
principle is to
obtain more co-products from the wastes. The third
principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of
the material and nutrient flows.This paper deals with tools and methods used to make the system design based
on industrial ecology using innovative process equipments design and the process optimization for waste
minimization. The main objective is not only small
scale energy production ,but as well as with the co-production of hot and cold thermal energies from agro wastes along with small electric power.The SIBS
approach
has many benefits and potentials. The system design
use hybrid bio-fuels and internal combustion (IC)
engine.The project was developed using simulation system tools for the process analysis (synthesis,
modeling,
and design) of two stage anaerobic bio process and
its integration. SuperPro Designer Process simulation software
was used to make synthesis and evaluate these options and performs material balance ,environment impact
analysis. Case study was made with the anaerobic process, aerobic micro algae production , production of
biodiesel from micro alge in several stages and recycle of reactor output are found to be very useful
to produce
biofertilizer ,bio-methane charcoal,bio electrical
energy with recycle of water ,CO2 and microbial biomass,which
are integrated to internal Combustion and fuel cell
for combined cold ,heat and Existing biogas and biodiesel from
micro algae technologies has potential for practical application combined with hydro pyrolysis,as well
as green
hydrorobiodiesel to make fuel electrical energy towards sustainable local development. The systems tools and
methods used for several preliminary project developments of clean SBS are reported to build up the
integrated
system developments of industrial ecological complex as base case that need to adopted for the
present and
future need of clean production of fuel ,feed and food with the economical and ecological sustainability.
Keywords: Waste, Energy, Biomass, zero waste Biogas, Pyrolysis, Biodiesel , System tools
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Development: The Tradeoffs between Corporate Profit and Care for the Environment in Brazilian Automotive Sector
ROCHA, A. (FATEC/UNIP); VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP); MONTEIRO JR, J. (FATEC)
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Abstract: In the capitalist system, in which profit is the main target of the companies, since it is their oxygen and
responsible for their survival in the market, companies are planning beyond reach him, care for the environment,
mainly by charging society. Thus, the Federal Government must ensure that the actions taken by firms are also
converged to the welfare of society and the planet. Conceptualizing tradeoff that is an expression that defines a situation where there is conflict of choice, forcing a choice, how to solve the issue of having financial results
without harming the environment and contribute to the economic and social development of the country as well as
in improving people's lives and a healthy planet through sustainable development. After the Real Plan,
the
Brazilian economy has become more stable and the automotive sector has become one of the most important
sectors. This article aims to address the tradeoffs
between corporate profit and care for the environment,
contributing to the economic and social development
of the country as well as the improvement of people's lives
and a healthy planet through sustainable development in the automotive sector.
Keywords: Sustainable and Economic Development, Tradeoffs, Corporate Profit, Environment, Automotive Sector
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Development and Absorptive Capacity: Connecting Themes Through Systematic and Bibliometric Review
BARCELOS, R. L. (SENAC - Brazil); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL - Brazil); ALBERTON, A.; ROSSETTO, R. C. (UNIVALI - Brazil)
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Abstract: Recent research suggests that the ability to absorb knowledge can drive change in organizational behavior to sustainability. This article aims to present and discuss the panorama of the scientific production on the relation of the absorptive capacity and sustainability. The work was a qualitative research having as strategy the bibliographic study. The databases used were Ebsco, Emerald, Science Direct, and Scopus and the terms used for the searches were "Absorptive Capacity", "Sustainability" and "Sustainable Development". The bibliometric cartographic analysis performed for keywords in the 83 articles by the VOSviewer software searched for terms with at least 5 occurrences. To the qualitative review of the literature, we selected the twenty four articles published in high impact journals. The results point to a significant growth of the theme, and in high impact journals the growth was 61.5% in the comparison of the periods between 2007 and 2012 versus 2013 to 2017. The cartographic analysis points to the presence of two clusters, the first encompasses key terms such as Absorptive Capacity, Sustainability and Innovation, and the second cluster is Sustainable Development, Absorptive Capacity and Corporate Social Responsabilit. Qualitative analysis indicates that absorptive capacity facilitates the adoption of successful sustainable strategies and that the engagement of organizations with external actors may prove to be significant. The authors converge in their opinions in the sense that the deep relationship with the external environment is a priority for the acquisition of knowledge and innovative development.
Keywords: Sustainability, Absorptive Capacity, Innovation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Development and Participation Governance: Local Productive Arrangement and Technological Park of the Santos
E. P. Guerreiro; E. S. Monteiro; H. C. Nannic (UNIP)
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Abstract: The article analyzes the strategy of local, integrated and sustainable development projected in
the diverse sectors of the economic activity of the Baixada Santista, in the state of São Paulo,
Brazil, with Santos as city that serves of reference in the application of the Participation
Governance, objectifying to redirect and to extend the economic vocation of the city, leaving of
the matrix of the development, mainly, with the new discoveries of oil and gas in the Basin of
Santos, of the Local Productive Arrangement and the implantation of the Technological Park. The
actors of this Participation Governance are: Prefeitura Municipal de Santos, ACS – Associação
Comercial de Santos, CIESP/ FIESP – Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo,
Escritório Regional do SEBRAE e A Agência Metropolitans do Estado de São Paulo, Escritório
Regional da SEMESP – União de Entidades Mantenedoras dos Estabelecimentos Ensino Superior
do Estado de São Paulo, including the Universities established in the city: Universidade Paulista -
UNIP, Universidade Católica de Santos - UNISANTOS, Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA,
Universidade Lusíada - UNILUS, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos - UNIMES and
Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP e Centro Universitário Monte Serrat - UNIMONTE.
Keywords: Development, sustainable, governance, participation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Development and Utilization of coal-fired power plant residues
D. A. Fungaro; J. C. Izidoro; A. O. Andrade (IPEN)
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Abstract: The combustion of high ash content coals promotes a serious environmental problem in southern Brazil. It is in the south, in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, that the coal mines coal-fired power plants are located. The States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina show areas that are already environmentally degraded with the resulting contamination of both surface and ground waters.
Brazilian coals are characterized, among others things, for very high ash content ranging between 45 and 60%. This represents 4.0 x 106 tons/year of ashes produced in 2005. Most of these ashes are deposited randomly in landfills and has contributed to the deterioration of the surrounding environment. Since just 30% of that total is commercialized for the production of building materials (bricks, blocks, cement), it is necessary to search for new alternative uses for this abundant residues and give a high added-value to coal ash.
The Brazilian coal ashes consist, basically, of aluminosilicate with high silicon and aluminum oxide contents. Depending on its origin, the iron oxide contents can vary over a wide range. Since coal ashes are composed of a large amount of silica e alumina and also due to a low ratio SiO2/Al2O3, they can be converted into zeolite by alkaline hydrothermal activation. Various types of zeolites can be obtained by changing the source of ashes or activation parameters. The zeolitic material obtained contains a non-converted part of coal ash and the zeolite content in the conversion product varies as a function of the coal ash properties
and the conditions selected. The optimization of synthesis studied was specific for Brazilian coal ashes.
Zeolites have uniform pore sizes and large surface area that make them very useful materials for a wide range of applications such as ion exchange, molecular sieves, adsorbents, and catalysts.
The coal ash samples were obtained from a coal-fired power plant located in Figueira county, in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. The utilization of synthetic zeolites as the adsorbent for the treatment of the electroplating effluents, immobilization of heavy metals in soil, decontamination of actual acid mine drainage and removal of dye from aqueous solution has been evaluated. The results obtained in the project showed a great reduction in the pollutant concentration in treated waters and soil and demonstrated the high potential of the zeolites synthesized from Brazilian coal ashes as low-cost adsorbent material.
The production of synthetic zeolites from coal ashes constitutes an alternative and noble use for a residue that has historically contributed to the degradation of large areas located in the Brazil. The environmentally-friendly use of coal ash is important from the viewpoints of energy, economy, and environmental strategy in order to realize the concept of sustainable development.
Keywords: Zeolite, coal ashes, low-cost adsorbent
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Development Goals Index: considerations of Mercosur countries
PEREIRA, M. T.; SILVA, C.; MASSAMBANI, I. M. (IFPR - Brazil)
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Abstract: The United Nations Millennium Declaration, in 2000, defined the countries compromise for the promotion of human dignity across the globe and created eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). After 15 years, the MDGs have been revised and expanded to 17 Sustainable Development Objectives (SDGs) to be achieved by date of 2030. Thus the United Nations (UN) published a report to follow the goals and developed the SDG Index to apply to 157 countries. Thinking about it, the aim of this study was to understand the results obtained by the SDG Index for the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) countries. The data base and the individual profiles of each country were analyzed. It was possible to verify that from 2015 to 2017 a few Mercosur countries were able to obtain all the targets defined for the SDGs. However, all the nations of this economic bloc have great possibilities to achieve the objective for 2030, because they already have reached 64.7 to 72.5% of goals. This study shows that the greatest challenges in Mercosur countries are related to socio-economic factors, such as adjusted GDP growth, child labor, women in politics, traffic deaths rate, homicide, and corruption perception. It is notice that the environmental factors depend on the solution of these socio-economic problems. The annual accompaniment importance of the goals is evident and public policies of the Mercosur countries should focus on the most critical points and strengthen the positive aspects.
Keywords: Environmental management. Environmental planning. Indicators. Socio-economic analysis.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Development, Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impacts in Coffee Farming Process
SEPÚLVEDA, J,D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); RIAÑO, N,M. (ASOHOFRUCOL - Colombia); MERIÑO, L,I. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
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Abstract: Efficiency and environmental impacts are key factors in the different dimensions that integrate the relationships between Energy, Territory and Development (ETD), so they can be treated as inherent characteristics of the systems under analysis, whose measurement and evaluation allows to obtain a vision about the dynamics of energy use and the use of resources while promoting the formulation of strategies to jointly achieve the maximization of the desired results and the minimization of the negative impacts associated with existing processes. This paper presents the results of the study of energy efficiency and sustainability in a sample of farms producing coffee in southwestern Colombia; This work is based on the application of a study of emergy synthesis for the use of a unit of homogeneous measurement of energy, matter and information flows. Emergy results were also integrated with data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the joint assessment of energy efficiency using the different sources, inputs, products and environmental effects, thus seeking to encourage the analysis and formulation of development strategies in the territory.
Keywords: Emergy synthesis, energy efficiency, emissions, coffee production, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Development, the Cleaner Production and Higher Education
OCHOA GEORGE, P. A. A. (Construction Business Group of Cienfuegos, Cuba); TORRES CARO, S. (Empresa Eléctrica Nacional, Cuba); OCHOA MONTEAGUDO, A. (Technical Services Company Thermoelectric, Cuba)
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Abstract: In this paper some ideas and realities on Sustainable Development, the Cleaner Production and the Higher Education as well as the link between these three elements are discussed. On the one hand, the Cleaner Production as the most appropriate and current tool to achieve sustainable development and, moreover, provide students and university graduates environmental education commensurate with the level of higher education, tools that allow them both to identify and solve the socio-economic and environmental problems related to their training and their professional work.
Keywords: Sustainable development, Cleaner Production, Higher Education
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Sustainable Development Under the Optics of the Vectors of the Sustainability: Case Study in a Perfume and Cosmetics Company
A. C. A. F. Silva; M. M. Olivera; H. F. Nascimento; S. Feitoza (UFPB)
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Abstract: The business management based on sustainability is a major challenge of the companies inserted in the Capitalist System. In this context, the aim of this article is to describe a case study on how a private organization observes and uses the concepts of sustainability, treating it as a basic principle of their actions. This article presents a check of the theory that permeates sustainable development, based on vectors of sustainability: economic , social and environmental co- relate such verification to the position taken by the company studied, adherence to that long-term survival strategy. For this, a literature was performed and secondary data collection, which provided a line description for the purpose of the article. As a result, it was found that the company takes actions that include all vectors of sustainability
Keywords: Sustainable , sustainability, vectors of the sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable IT: Waste Reduction through Technological Innovation ATM CX3 Project
SOBRAL, F. A.; HOURNEAUX JUNIOR, F. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: Sustainable Information Technology, also called Green IT, has become known for its applicability mainly to reduce energy consumption; nevertheless, its practices and principles cover other pillars such as the equipment disposal and life-cycle analysis of IT products in order to reduce possible environmental damages. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how sustainable innovations or eco-innovations offered by Green IT can contribute to reduce the generation of waste hazardous to both health and the environment. To do so, this study, based on a literature review, used as its object of study the ATM CX3 Itautec Project, awarded by Industry Federation of São Paulo State (FIESP) in 2007, and listed as case of success, according to Benchmarking Brazil, ranking of the best Brazilian environmental management initiatives. The main results point out that the company has followed the most important international guidelines and practices related to sustainability in this industry, and the company has been acknowledged by this, however the adoption of these initiatives has caused an increase on production costs.
Keywords: Information Technology (IT), Sustainable IT, Green IT, Ecoinnovation, Life-Cycle Analysis
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Logistic: An Amplified Concept in behalf of Sustainable Development
E. M. M. Fukunaga; M. Oda (SENAC)
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Abstract: The Logistics have been essential to reduce costs in service operations, as important as productive operations. Tools to prevent the production processes’ impacts such as P+L, were not enough for requirements related to external logistic. Industries are rethinking their processes but they are affected by negative images caused by carbon emissions from trucks used to transport their products, for example. Sustainable Logistics concept is an inviting to new sectors to discuss solutions for sustainable development.
Keywords: Social responsibility, logistic, sustainability, transport system
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Management of the Steel Industry from the Premises of Industrial Ecology
LIMA, M. A. de M.; ELABRAS-VEIGA, L. B. (IFRJ)
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Abstract: Industrial Ecology (IE) proposes that the industrial system be studied in an aligned way with the environment in order to improve industries environmental, social and economic performance. Industrial Symbiosis (IS), one of IE tools, refers to the interaction between nearby industries, looking for possible waste, energy, water synergies. In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy was enacted in 2010 through Federal Law 12.305. This Law brings a new model for waste management.The steel industry production process is a major waste generator. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the steel industry production process in accordance with the industrial ecology principles. In this scenario, this study first presents the IE and IS concepts. Following, the steel industry in Brazil is presented in order to understand its alignment with the Law 12.305/2010.In addition, the knowledge of the steel production process is presented in order to identify waste generated and possible destinations. As a result, it is understood that the integration of industries from different segments with the steel industry and a greater articulation between the actors involved may result in environmental, social and economic benefits, which are presented in this study. Finally, it is suggested that both the public and the private sector should, similar to what already happens in the academia, should encourage and invest in the practice of Industrial Symbiosis in Brazil.
Keywords: Industrial Ecology, Industrial Symbiosis, Waste, Steel
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Manufacture: Study and Analysis of the Combination Adoption of Cleaner Production and Lean Production Techniques
G. V. Rizzo, A. Batocchio (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: Currently the industries are deploying new technologies and strategies to enable the
improvement of process and increase the productivity in the value chain, for this, recovery
and reuse techniques was applied. Current techniques show many similarities, this converge
to the elimination of waste and reuse this in the process, which generates operational
advantages that allow increased the productivity. In this work, was presented and studied
the different techniques applied to manufacture, including the concept of sustainability,
through the analysis and combined adoption for cleaner production and lean production
concepts, so that will be discussed for the application in production processes. These
adoption present associated benefits in reducing impacts to the environment than approach
the resources used in the process.
Keywords: Cleaner production, lean production, tools articulation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable of Tomatoes Supply Chain Management – Cases of Study
CAMILO, R.; MANO, T. B.; ROCHA, L. B.; ALMEIDA, R. A. de; REZENDE, R. V. de P.; RAVAGNANI, M. da a. S. S. (UEM)
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Abstract: It is important to think about ways to reduce costs and also minimize negative environmental impacts in the fruits and vegetables supply chain, seeking to improve the distribution system of these products for markets and benefits for society. An innovative approach to supply chain (SC) management requires a general bi-objective optimization framework that incorporates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles. Linear Programming (LP) is a powerful mathematical technique that can be used as a tool in LCA. The objective of this work is to make an environmental and economic evaluation of the SC of tomatoes for the region of the Umuarama city, Brazil, accounting for different process configurations. The production of tomatoes has an important participation in the region economy. The scope of work encompasses three levels of decision-making within the life cycle: producers, warehouses and markets. The information gathering was performed from interviews with the producers, the supermarkets and the warehouses involved. The LCA study applied in this work was carried out according to ISO 14044/2009. A model of multiobjective LP was developed for the environmental and economic evaluation of SC and the global optimization solved with CPLEX 12.1 algorithm available on GAMS®, accounting for different environmental and economic charges simultaneously. As a result, the Pareto frontier was found offering a number of feasible options for system improvements. There are possibilities for improvement in the Tomato Supply Chain Management, since changes in process configuration can be translated into minimization of costs and environmental impacts.
Keywords: Optimization, Life Cycle Assessment, Sustainability Management, Value Chain, Tomato
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Operations and Process Safety Management Systems: Implications for the Offshore Oil Industry and Petrobras
GIMENES, F. (PETROBRAS); SILVA NETO, R. (IFF); SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Winnipeg, Canada)
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Abstract: Recently, new processing dynamics of potentially dangerous products has increased flows, pressures, temperatures and other variables used in the process industries. With these new processing dynamics, the risk of major accidents around the world also increased. Due to the occurrence of major accidents, laws and regulations have been created to try to prevent this type of events, aiming to protect people, assets, the environment and corporate image. Management systems for process safety are used as a series of blocking barriers to prevent the development of major accidents. For the oil industry, there are some recommended practices from multiples institutes and government agencies. By employing a descriptive case study and documental analysis, the present study aims to compare the existing Process Safety Management Systems with the Health, Safety and Environment management system of a world leader energy company. More specifically, this research maps, compares and verifies which elements of these established management systems have been incorporated to the organization’s HSE management system and provides a series of recommendations for practice and policy as well as contributions to the literature.
Keywords: Process Safety Management; Major Accidents; Loss Prevention, Environment Protection
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Performance: A Paradigm Inducing New Needs of Interoperability Between Maintenance and Scheduling Activities in Manufacturing
SENECHAL O.; TRENTESAUX D.; PIRES S. (UVHC, France); LOURES, E. R.; SANTOS, E. A. P. (PUC-PR)
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Abstract: Sustainability, or more precisely the sustainable performance as the social, economic and environmental balance, is a new paradigm for production systems having consequences on their management.In this context, thesplit of performance in the three dimensionsefficiency-effectiveness-relevance, find a new utility to build decision supports for this management.In this paper, we firstly show what are the new stakes related to these three dimensions. We then point the impact of two short-term activities on these dimensions of sustainable performance: scheduling of manufacturing tasks and maintenance of manufacturing systems. We review some scientific works on these subjects, and we show how some of them could contribute to needed efficiency, effectiveness and relevance.This review leads us to discuss the needs of interoperability of maintenance activities and manufacturing scheduling, to underline scientific issues related to this interoperability, and to propose future research directions to improve it.
Keywords: sustainability, manufacturing scheduling, maintenance, interoperability, ontology
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Production: An Approach of Occupational Health and Safety in the Auto Parts Industry in Hermosillo, Mexico
A. Marín; N. Munguía, L. Veláquez (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: The Mexican Association of the Auto Industry (AMIA), together with the Secretariat of Economy
of Mexico, has proposed the goal of duplicating the productive capacity for the auto parts
industry by 2010. This implies that every place where an auto assembly plant exists become a
manufacturing center for this productive sector within the country. As a consequence, the large
amount of the implicit work in this industry includes processes, operations and materials that, in
a major or minor extent, create risks for the workers health as well as the neighboring
communities and the environment. In particular, occupational risks may result on ergonomic
problems, or occupational diseases and accidents; besides of diminishing employees’ health, this
can affect the productivity of the companies in a negative way or can prevent the generation of
desirable healthy conditions for the surrounding communities.
This paper aims at presenting the preliminary outcomes of a case study carried out into six auto
parts facilities in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico, which include the following elements: a
characterization of the auto parts industry; an evaluation of the health and safety programs in
each of the studied companies through the US OSHA´s Program Evaluation Profile (PEP); an
identification of cleaner production and pollution prevention practices implemented; and the
workers’ perspectives about the occupational health and safety conditions through a
questionnaire applied in their workplaces.
Finally, a preliminary proposal is included about implementing sustainable production strategies,
with emphasis in occupational health and safety issues, to improve the working conditions within
the auto parts sector.
Keywords: Sustainable production, occupational health and safety, auto parts industry
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Raw material use and Reduction of Effluent Residues and: Cases of Success
S. G. G. Ley; D. S. A. Batista; A. P. Fittipaldi; A. J. Amorim (CTS SENAI-RJ); C. A. Syme (FIOCRUZ)
|
Abstract: The Cleaner Production (CP) Program uses the UN Environment Programme methodology with a
focus in the sustainable development. The companies that use the CP Program include their ecoefficienty
indicators in an international UN network. The starting point for CP consulting is the
analysis of productive processes in order to find technology solutions to reduce the wastage of
energy sources, raw materials and water, as well as reducing residues, effluents and emissions.
This paper will be show four successful cases about CP methodology.
Keywords: Implementation cleaner production, success cases, environment success
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Sustainable Supply Chain Management: The Missing Link of Social Sustainability
MORAIS, D. O. C. (FGV); SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Manitoba - Canada)
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Abstract: The social dimension of sustainability has been poorly investigated when compared to the environmental dimension, especially in sustainable supply chain management studies. This lack of attention is problematic for the theory and practice of managing sustainable supply chains. This research aims to help filling this gap and addresses the following question: how focal companies implement and manage social sustainability into their supply chains? The concepts of supply chain engagement and initial motivation shed additional light on the topic and taken together generate a useful model that can improve our understanding of the complex interactions between the management of supply chains and their social sustainability performance. We selected four cases of social initiatives undertaken by focal companies within their supply chains and used them as practical examples of the four different supply chain approaches to social sustainability developed in this paper. We finish the paper with implications of this research for the practice of supply chain management as well as contributions to the associated theory.
Keywords: Supply Chain Social Sustainability, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Engagement, Sustainable Motivation, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Supply Chains and Carbon Footprint, the Costa Rican Case
ROBLES, N. (Costa Rica Tecnological Institute, Costa Rica)
|
Abstract: In this paper the sustainability of the supply chain is investigated and the main conditions required for its accomplishment are defined, including the importance that collaboration among the actors has in order to achieve it. In addition an overview of the industrial sector of Costa Rica is presented, with the characteristics of its supply chains and the main proposals for their sustainability. The usefulness of the carbon footprint indicator scope is analyzed in terms of sustainability, and some estimations of carbon emissions for situations derived from a supply chain network design are presented, demonstrating how worthwhile it is to analyze the network when promoting initiatives for sustainability. Finally, the paper proposes improvement options and challenges that industrial companies will need to affront in Costa Rica in order to achieve sustainability in the manufacturing sector and even more in the country.
Keywords: Sustainability, supply chains, carbon footprint
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Sustainable Value and Cleaner Production
HENRIQUES, J.; CATARINO, J. (LNEG-Portugal)
|
Abstract: As defined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 1992, "eco-efficiency is achieved by the
delivery of competitively priced goods and services
that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while
progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life-cycle to a level
at least in line
with the Earth’s estimated carrying capacity." Eco-Efficiency becomes then a management strategy,
which aims at improving the economic and ecological
efficiency of companies, attaining a higher Value with fewer inputs, materials and energy and fewer outputs, waste
(i.e. pollution in the form of emissions and waste). The result is a higher Value for companies, defined as the
relationship between the satisfaction of needs and
the resources used in achieving that satisfaction,
as well as the
increase of their competitiveness.
Using the synergies between tools used by Value Management (Value Analysis) and Eco-efficiency (Cleaner
Production), the Sustainable Value methodology was
developed, and it integrates the three aspects of
Sustainability (economic, environment and social) in Value evaluation.
The aim of this approach is to increase Sustainable
Value of the study subjects (value subject being the application
of the methodology to a specific subject) by evaluating their satisfaction levels taking into account
environmental
and social aspects. The resources used to attain that satisfaction of needs are also characterized in
an explicit way
in terms of environmental, social and economic aspects.
To attain these results an eight phases working plan, to be developed by a team, is presented.
To test and validate this methodology some projects
have been developed, involving 19 enterprises where the
approach was implemented. Those companies, in most
cases Small and Medium ones, came from different activity
areas and different regions covering almost the whole Portuguese territory.
Also the results emerging from the application in the different companies are presented as well as conclusions and
suggestions about some conditions that must be fulfilled for the success of the introduction and implementation of
these approaches in a company.
Keywords: Sustainable Value, Cleaner Production, Eco-efficiency, Value Analysis, Competitiveness
[Abstract] [Paper]
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Sustainable Water Management in the University of Sonora, Mexico
N. Munguía; M. Ojeda; L. Velázquez (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: Although water is an abundant resource in the planet, its quality has declined dramatically all
over the world. Water pollution has affected oceans, rivers, lakes, and ponds, but mainly
drinking water sources. Water scarcity is not only exacerbated by pollution but also by droughts.
As a consequence, many countries around the world are experiencing water shortages and/or
water crisis. Mexico is not the exception to this; neither does the state of Sonora which has been
one of the most affected since its residents have suffered 12 years of drought and the effects of
a growing urbanization. Therefore, water management has become a major challenge to sustain
the economic growth in the region.
Most of water pollutants are originated from human activities; consequently, it is possible to
avoid them by implementing cleaner production and pollution prevention principles.
With the purpose to take responsibility for conserving this resource, the University of Sonora,
has implemented a Sustainability Management System (SMS) on campus which was third-party
certified in July 2008. Thanks to this, the University of Sonora has become the first public higher
education institution to get the ISO14001:2004 certification not only in Mexico but also in Latin
America.
This higher education institution is the biggest, most important and most prestigious university
in both the capital city of Hermosillo and the state of Sonora, at the northwestern region of
Mexico. It is a public university with 31,830 students in five campuses in the state.
The purpose of the SMS is the protection of natural resources and the prevention, reduction
and/or elimination of environmental and occupational risks generated by the members of the university community when using resources in order to fulfill its substantive functions of
teaching, research, outreach & partnership, and stewardship.
Although this presentation focuses on the sustainable management of water, the reader must be
aware that this effort is part of a wider strategy for transforming the University of Sonora in a
sustainable university. Water consumption is one of the significant environmental aspects along
with energy consumption, hazardous materials and non-hazardous materials use.
The aim of this presentation will be at describing a case study constructed through direct
participation in the design, operation and maintenance of the University of Sonora’s
Sustainability Management System during the last six months. Updated qualitative and
quantitative indicators will be available at the time of the presentation.
Findings of this presentation will provide more insights for enriching the actual debate about how
to prevent, eliminate and reduce water use inefficiencies on campus, and in that way,
contributing to the actual stock of knowledge towards achieving sustainability in universities.
Keywords: Water quality, sustainability management system, ISO 14001
[Abstract] [Paper]
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SusUrbia – Sustainable Urban Life Beyond Peak Oil
D. A. Bergquist (Uppsala CSD - Sweden)
|
Abstract: Cities are highly dependent on fossil energy. Mechanization of agriculture has resulted in a
situation where food is produced and transported to urban areas by using significant quantities
of fossil fuels. While there is little dispute that oil will ultimately peak, recent estimates indicate
that fossil energy use in food production also contributes some 25% of global CO2 emissions.
With less available fossil energy, and to reduce climate change, providing future urban
populations with food hence imply a major challenge. This paper therefore explores urban
agriculture as a strategy for reducing climate change derived from food production, and for
sustaining urban life in times of increasing energy and resource scarcity. Past experiences are
examined, mainly from Cuba, with the purpose to explore some common opportunities and
constraints of urban agriculture as a strategy for sustainable development. The paper also
presents a recently initiated research project on urban agriculture in Brazil. The project will run
until the end of 2010 and includes case studies and participatory fieldwork on urban agriculture
in Rio de Janeiro. By applying a trans-disciplinary approach to urban agriculture, the study
explores opportunities and constraints for increasing urban self-sufficiency, sustainability and
food security, while decreasing energy consumption at aggregate levels of society. In the study,
the methodologies Emergy Synthesis, Participatory Learning and Action and Participatory Rural
Appraisal are used in parallel. Few previous studies have in this way applied physical and social
science methodologies simultaneously to urban agriculture. At this point, some preliminary
results from the study are discussed, emphasizing methods of farming and experiences among urban dwellers. The paper then concludes by relating these local aspects to global issues of
energy use, climate change and sustainable development.
Keywords: Urban agriculture, peak oil, climate change, sustainable development, Brazil
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
System Tools Design for Diseconomy and Collaborative Social Learning of Green Sustainable Technology Managements: Networking for Eco Design Project Construction for Food, Feed and Fuel from Wastes
PANNIRSELVAM, P. V. (UFRN); SANTOS, J. M. (Public School-SP); TEIXEIRA, C. (INT); CARDOSO, M.; GÓIS, M.; CANSIAN, M. M.; CABRAL, J. B.; FAGUNDES, M. (UFRN)
|
Abstract: The training, social learning and knowledge-based activities of our work has the aim at integrating
the learners
with situations and problems related to the small
and mini enterprise product, energy and environment, with
focus on pollution prevention with the use of sustainable technologies and industrial activities allowing them to
act and provide solutions and projects, based on the innovative modern multimedia visual methods .In this
work, we are making use of technological resources
of social network available today much of the population. The
system tools and methods include the use of computational tools for third-generation Web, design
implementation of multimedia, collaborative online
real-time implementation of reading practice, tests
and exams
in the home network via the Internet, use of online
resources for video conference including sound, image and
text, and use of social networking tools integrated
with online search based on Google plus and SAP stream work.
The complex system of Web server and programming language for database tools are all integrated as a platform
following the philosophy of free software, open source, makes it the ideal environment for the development of
system tools for bioenergy from wastes project. The
experience we succeed to implement a hybrid system
involving the several web servers, in cloud operating in conjunction with the open source Wuala e digital
Incubator Tidia as knowledge management. However also there is a need for Google plus and sap stream work
integrated with Google apps as the tools of sharing
multimedia content and dynamic database. In an interactive
and integrated way the system tools are more flexible and more secure system. Collaborative
Social learning of Green Sustainable Technology Managements, and Ecodesign Project construction for Food ,Feed and
Fuel
from wastes is made successfully passive buy building several blogs and internet sites with several system tools outlined.
Keywords: Development, bioenergy, networking tools integrated, Sustainable Technology Managements
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Systematic Literature Review on Cleaner Production and Quality Tools and Techniques
POLTRONIERI, C. F.; OLIVEIRA, J. A.; KOMESU, A. S. (USP); CARRILLO-REYES, J. (Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica-Mexico); OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: The business environment is presented as one of the major
causes
of environmental impacts, particularly
with
regard to the production sector. The Cleaner Production (CP) in turn is considered a major strategy to increase
eco-efficiency in production. The use of quality tools and techniques can enable and maximize the use of this
strategy in organizations. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the main use of quality tools and techniques to aid
deployment and management procedures for CP companies. There will be a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in
two of the principal international databases of journals to
identify the simultaneous use of tools and techniques of
quality practices with
CP.
Keywords: Cleaner Production,
CP,
Quality tools, Quality techniques
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Systematization and Classification of Cleaner Production Practices, Techniques and Tools
PESCIM, G. F.; ESPOSTO, K. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) is a preventive environmental management approach aimed at reducing pollution at source. Despite the success stories, the literature indicates barriers that hamper the implementation and dissemination of CP in companies. Among these barriers are the lacks of detailed and systematized information on practices that generate results and can be applied in CP implementation process. The main objective of this work is to systematize and classify the practices, techniques and tools of Cleaner Production to support companies in the implementation of Cleaner Production. For this, 357 practices were identified by means of a systematic review (159 classified as management practices and 196 classified as operational practices) and 77 techniques / tools. The practices, techniques and tools were classified according to the stages of the Cleaner Production methodology and its application scope (process, product and value chain) to indicate in which steps it can support the implementation of the methodology. In addition, operational practices were classified in relation to the Cleaner Production strategy adopted and environmental aspects for which they establish control and the techniques / tools were classified according to its functional types to specify which practices can be supported by their application.
Keywords: Cleaner production, CP, Practices, Techniques and Tools
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Systematization of Actions and its Respective Sustainability Indicators as Part of the Development of a Support Tool for Water Resources Management in Watersheds
CORRÊA, M. A.; TEIXEIRA, B. A. N. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: The present article aims to present the methodology
proposed to development of a Water Resources Management
Support Tool (denominated FAGRH) to River Basins, supplying decision process with subsidies correlated
to
sustainability concept, integrating different dimensions (ecological, economical, social, cultural and
politics). The
sustainability main concept that oriented the research was, “the development that foresees satisfies the needs of
the present generation without compromising the chance for future generations to satisfy their” (Brundtland
Report, 1987).
The FAGRH will be composed by Sustainability Indicators (SI), related to conditions or situations correlated to
water resources management. The SI are tools that can be used as support to systematize existing information
and to evaluate water resources situation at specific moments, allowing to foresee tendencies to future, to analyze
sceneries, compare them in time and space, and, finally, to collaborate in decision processes.
The FAGRH should be structured based in Decision Support Systems (DSSs) concepts, considering the consent
that DSSs were adapted for water resources planning
and management. The multi criteria analysis method was
capable to aid choice process, alternatives ordination or classification and also to incorporate multiple aspects. This
method will make possible join diversified problematic conditions, several sustainability dimensions,
as well as
integrate different stakeholders' opinions.
The FAGRH will correlate some conditions previously measured by SI and potentials actions to mitigate,
to correct
or to prevent them. The alternative selection should attend previously defined goal for Basin Committee, and will
be proceed through stakeholders’ analysis about aspects as social, economic and environmental benefits, legal and
institutional constraints, among others. Finally, the FAGRH should guarantee wide participation of Basin
Committee actors' at decision process.
In this way, the tool should still be accessible, comprehensible for technicians, as for users and all
society
members; and it will be structured in an electronic
spreadsheet, simplifying its application and modification along
the process. he FAGRH intend to collaborate in basin water resources situation diagnosis, and to elaborate
prognostics and programs, projects and actions, composing or providing information for Basin’s Plans composition.
Keywords: Water resources management, sustainability indicators, basin and support tool.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
T - Z |
Technological Innovation and Sustainability in the Sugar Cane Chain
Z. A. I. de Miranda (Independent Researcher)
|
Abstract: This paper assesses the present pattern of interactions between universities, public research
institutes and industrial firms in Brazil and the sugar cane business chain. The proposal is to
identify and analyze possible links between universities, research institutes and enterprises
for the scientific, technological and economic activity of the so called “sugar cane territory”,
as well as the existence of some kind of link between these activities and sustainable
management of this territory. This is done in light of a context of a late development of
institutions and industrialization. Recent research points to a depletion of incremental
improvement in the production of ethanol by the current route of fermentation of sugar cane,
restricting the increase of production to increase in area planted. The expansion of sugarcane
may result in increased of deforestation, fire, contamination of aquifers, and the historical
problematic work relations in the field. The databases analyzed in this research are: CNPq
Directory of Research Groups and FAPESP-BIOEN Program. The relevance of this study is
based on the strong expansion of cane cultivation, and the need to produce knowledge
directed to social and environmental sustainability of this activity to support the definition of
public policies for technological innovation and environmental management.
Keywords: Technological innovation, environmental management, sugar cane business chain
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Temporary and Typological Series of the Administrative Procedures of the Municipal Environmental System
ALENCAR, S. K. P. (Amaju - Brazil); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Environmental impact assessment is a useful tool for identifying, quantifying and defining measures to mitigate potential impacts. This serves as the basis for the license, legally provided for undertakings with potential impact. It´s observed that the municipalization of the licensing may allow them to come into contact, seeking synergistic processes of local partnerships, both in order to make their business viable, as well as to exchange experiences, as well as to search for new markets. By means of a case study, as well as a bibliographical and documentary survey, we intend to analyze a time series from 2012 to 2017 of the environmental licensing data. It´s observed that 2017 presented a greater number of licenses, with the Regularization of Operating License being the most frequent procedure in all the years. As for the other procedures, the Environmental Services Authorization presented a high number in 2017, being the most frequent procedure in most other years. The economic activities with potential pollution was typified in four groups of similarity, which are related to the sectorial potential impact, and this study has relevance so that the environmental licensing precepts procedures are more in tune with the real impact potential of the activities.
Keywords: Environmental licensing; Impact; Economic activity.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Tendencies of Environmental Performance of Brazil
FARIA, L. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP)
|
Abstract: The regional systems depend on natural resources and resources from the economy to produce goods and services, however, such systems have been sustained by the use of natural resources, which puts their sustainability at risk. The process depletes the environmental resources, thus causing divergence between economic development and environmental protection. Thus, it becomes necessary to create policies that can minimize the use of those resources without compromising economic growth. This paper aims to monitor the environmental performance of Brazil by using environmental accounting indicators in emergy, in order to provide subsidies to the development of sustainable public policies that are geared towards economic and environmental sustainability. The results of the environmental accounting in emergy of Brazil for 2011 were compared with those published by Demetrius (2011); such results show that the nation’s environmental performance has worsened from 2007 to 2011 as the use of renewable resources fell from 41% to 22%; the use of non-renewable resources has been intensified to a rate of 43%; the environmental load rose from 1.5 to 3.5, and the sustainability index rose from 4.6 to 2.2. In addition, the use of renewable resources, non-renewable and economy was monitored using the emergy ternary diagram. It was verified that the Brazilian economy has been developing economically under an increasing use of non-renewable resources.
Keywords: Environmental accounting emergy. Use of natural resources, Environmental performance of Brazil, Regional systems
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The action research as instrument of enhancement of the materiality process
CARPEJANI, P. (PUC-PR - Brazil); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E.; GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR - Brazil); MACHADO, C. G. (Chalmers University of Technology – Sweden); SAHEB, D.; VOSGERAU, D.S.A.R.; RIESEMBERG, R. R. C. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This research has a goal of understanding the implementation of the theory of materiality in the perspective of enterprise sustainability. Since the approach of conduction of the application is not clear, it was necessary to perform an action research to check the main barriers on the application of the theory organized by the Global Report Initiative. In this regard, the research has used the concepts of Flipped Classroom with students of two classes of the sixth semester of Industrial Engineering. The understanding and interpretation of these data was made by content analysis through the software ATLAS.ti. As result and main academic contribution, this research preceded a real application on the enterprise environment. Thus, in addition to eliminate potential problems of development of the approach, this article has the role of being the link between theory and practice during the application of the materiality in corporative environments. The limitation of the article is exposed during the sampling, where these students do not have much professional experience. But this little practical experience of the students can also be witnessed in the companies through his employees, who many times do not know the theory. The aspect of originality is presented, till then, the first research that simulates a real application of materiality.
Keywords: Materiality, Action Research, Flipped Classroom, Content Analysis, Teaching in Higher Education.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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The Adoption of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in the Brazilian Automotive Industry
LOPES, L. J. (UNIMEP); SACOMANO NETO, M. (UFSCar); SILVA, E. M. (UNIMEP); LOPES, F. C. C. (Center of Sugarcane Technology)
|
Abstract: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) considers all
the environment effects in all processes of the supply
chain, from the extraction of the raw materials to
the final destination of the products (EMMETT e SOOD, 2010).
GSCM has been studied and researched intensively on
the last decades, especially at the international
level, for
example, studies conducted by Srivastava (2007), studies conducted in China, by Zhu, Sarkis and Lai (2007) and
Zhu, Sarkis, Cordeiro and Lai (2008b), as well as study conducted in Thailand by Seksan, Tossapol and
Pilada
(2009). Although the theme is explored internationally over the past decade, few studies have been found in
Brazil. For Beamon (1999), the trend of environmental degradation indicates the need for change in manufacturing
philosophy. The new environment era represents a new challenge for companies worldwide. The challenge
is to
develop different ways in industrial growth and environmental protections are integrated. Based on these aspects,
this work has as main objective to check the level
of application of the concepts and practices of GSCM in the
Brazilian automotive sector. In order to reach this
objective was developed an exploratory, descriptive, analytical
and qualitative research, done through a survey. Data’s collection was carried out collected through a standardized
questionnaire, with relevant and structured questions about the GSCM. This questionnaire had been sent by the
internet (web survey) to the automotive companies affiliated to Anfavea and automotive parts, affiliated to
Sindipeças. In total, 77 completed questionnaires were received, constituting a sample of 15.88% of the
population. For data analysis, statistical techniques were used, such as descriptive statistics and factor analysis.
The research results showed that the practice of waste management is the most widely adopted by companies in
the Brazilian automotive sector. On the other hand,
the practical of green design and green buildings are the least
adopted. With the pressure from stakeholders to follow the environment requirements, this study gains
importance, nationally and internationally, once it
explores the practices that reflect the environmental
commitment of the automobile organizations.
Keywords: Green supply chain management; sustainable supply
chain management; environmental performance and reverse
logistics.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Advancement of Sustainable Production of Low-Income Housing
BOTELHO, W. C.; VENDRAMETTO, O.; MOLLO, M.; (UNIP)
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Abstract: This work occupied to present the principles and the requirements for the construction of low-income housing on
the quality, technology and sustainability. The study has been guided for the productive chain of civil construction
and their links. He studied the interference of productive processes and this innovative technologically, with
parameters of sustainable, proved to be the need of
the establishment of a tool that would guarantee a
comparative standard between these homes and the quality and sustainability. The data obtained by the
survey
were treated with the use of Fuzzy Logic Method. The objective of the research was achieved by research and
obtained a process to ensure a comparative standardization, as to quality, technology and sustainability. The study
was developed for low-income housing.
Keywords: Production, environment; sustainability; low-income housing; construction.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Artisan Paper Recycling as a Strategy of Community Environment Education from UNIOESTE – Foz do Iguaçu Campus
GARCIA, F. S. (UNIOESTE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: With the laws and state regulations, the University of the West of Paraná – UNIOESTE cannot stop producing printed documents, which brings a big volume of paper that is discarded. To be in compliance with the Law nº12.305/2010 the project “Your Role in Society” was created, within it the paper discarded on the administrative sectors is collected, separated and artisan recycled. That recycled paper then returns to the administrative sectors in the form of institutional interest products. The project has evolved going beyond the University walls, being transformed into an extension project. That is the reason that the main objective has turned into the offering of recycling and good sustainability practices workshops, meeting the needs of public and private organizations and the community in general, initially the focus will be mainly with the institutions there are geographically close to UNIOESTE – Foz do Iguaçu Campus. At those workshops it is possible to replicate the artisan recycling technique, provide learning and fun in case it is being applied to kids, and train multipliers in case it is being applied to professionals. Furthermore, the team counts with an assistant professor, specialized in Chemical Engineering, that analyses the effluents resulting the artisan production, suggesting methods and processes to minimize even more the aggressions to the environment.
Keywords: Environment management, social and environment responsibility, paper artisan recycling.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Artisan Recycling on UNIOESTE - Foz do Iguaçú Campus
GARCIA, F. S.; MARTINES, A. I. T. (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: Considering the laws and regulations of Paraná State, the University of the West of Paraná – UNIOESTE can’t stop producing printed documents, which brings a big volume of paper that is discarded. To attend the dispositions of the Law nº12.305/2010 the project “Your Role in Society” was created, within it the paper discarded on the administration sectors is collected, separated and artisan recycled. That new paper returns to the administrations sectors in a new shape of institutional interesting products. The actions accomplished by the project encompass the offer of recycling workshops, where it is possible to replicate the artisan recycling technique, several times doing a social work, considering the attendance of demands of public schools. Besides that, the team counts with an assistant professor, specialized in Chemical Engineering, that analyses the effluents beget by the artisan production, suggesting methods and processes that make possible to minimize even more the aggressions to the environment.
Keywords: environment management, social and environment responsibility, paper artisan recycling
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
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The Bullwhip Effect in Closed Loop Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review
BRAZ, A. C.; DE MELLO, A. M.; VASCONCELOS GOMES, L. A.; NASCIMENTO, P. T. S. (USP)
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Abstract: The bullwhip effect one of the most studied phenomenon in forward supply chains is also growing interest from the academia to be studied in closed loop supply chains. This paper aims to compare the bullwhip effect causes and factors in forward supply chains with those for closed loop supply chains. The methodology used was a systematic literature review of the papers that were published in academic journals and conferences about bullwhip effect in closed loop supply chains. We find that the factor: increasing product return rate to mitigate or decrease the bullwhip effect was quantitatively the most representative, since this factor is fundamentally inherent of the closed loop supply chains dynamics, we have proposed that implementing the closed loop supply chains instead of the forward supply chains can reduce or even eliminating the bullwhip effect.
Keywords: closed loop supply chain, bullwhip effect
[Abstract] [Paper]
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The Cleaner Production Applied to a Small Industry of the Furniture Sector: Economic and Environmental Efficiency
M. Oliveira; F. A. Araújo (UFJF)
|
Abstract: Applying the methodology of Cleaner Production promotes observation and assessment
processes under the focus of the economy in the use of resources and minimizing waste
generation. Thus, it is possible to reconcile the productive and economic efficiency with
environmental performance. With the data collected in the furniture sector industry that have
successfully implemented the practice of Cleaner Production, this article will present a case
study on the approach discussing the results achieved by the company in relation to water
consumption, consumption of electric energy, generation of waste from steel plate,
generation of waste polymer and final destination of the waste industry. The aim is to
demonstrate how Cleaner Production contributes to the sustainability of production
processes, especially in small and medium enterprises.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, efficiency, small and medium enterprises
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Cleaner Production in a Research and Education Institute: Bibliometric Study
J. A. Guedes, G. C. De-Simone, M. M. L. Barata (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production is a United Nation’s program developed to offer support in order for
companies to be managed according to the concept of eco-efficiency, whose objective is to
increase the offer of high-quality products and services that cause less environmental
impact. The Cleaner Production program, which has been implemented in laboratories of
Oswaldo Cruz Institute since 2007, is also known as “Cleaner Research”. The aim of this
article is to evaluate the current situation of Cleaner Production in the realm of research
institutions all over the world through a bibliometric study. For the accomplishment of this
study, a survey of articles on this subject on the main electronic journals’ websites was
conducted. The articles chosen had been pre-selected by title amongst those that showed
the implementation of an environmental management system in a research institution. Only
nine of them showed concrete results of Cleaner Production in practice and the prevention of
pollution within institutions. These contained case studies on the implementation and
adoption of such a system in universities. The other articles were related to the practice of
sustainability in the context of the university’s syllabus, such as environmental education,
but without demonstrating results within the university campus.
Keywords: Cleaner production, research institute, environmental management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Cleaner Production Tool and the Management of Phosphorus in the Environment
W. S. Paganini C. M. G. de Quevedo (FSP/USP -SABESP)
|
Abstract: The development of strategies for management of phosphorus in the environment has been
considered, increasingly, of great importance for the maintainance of the quality of life. This is
because besides the correlation of phosphorus with the deterioration of water resources due to
eutrophication, it is projected a decrease in availability of natural reserves of this nutrient, which
are finite and non-renewable. Thus, besides the discussions on ways to strengthen the
protection of waters, tools for source control and recycling of phosphorus in the environment are
assessed, in order to ensure the sustainability of known and exploitable stocks of this nutrient in
an integrated way. Given the above, our objective is to discuss the dynamics of phosphorus in
the environment, presenting the experiences already adopted, to rationalize the use and the
management of the nutrient, discussing the importance of introducing the concepts of Cleaner
Production. As an illustration, we present a scaling potential load of phosphorus released daily
into the waters of the Tiete river, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, from urban and agricultural
activities developed in the watershed. It is verified that the Cleaner Production emerges as an
important tool for pollution prevention and management support, as it can contribute to reduce
emissions and for implementing changes in production processes, helping them to improve the
perception of this subject by producers and consumers, and the fulfillment of public policies for
environmental preservation.
Keywords: Phosphorus, environment, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Cleaner Prodution Applied in a Group of Restaurants in Paraíba
L. R. Porto; A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; E. P. Almeida; T. C. B. P. Silva (CEPIS-PB); I. Costa (IFET-PB)
|
Abstract: In the cooking process, the waste related to the water, energy, gas and another sources
consumption, are so significant that they represent a big impact in the Brazilian Gross
Domestic Product and it is considered a great damage in a country’s economics. The Cleaner
Technologies use presents as an essential tool on the modern society to fulfil the
environmental needs of a sustainable development, besides it is useful to take the companies
to get new customers, energy and natural resources savings, and reduction of losses and
waste. In this way, this paper had, as general goal, the analysis of the food processing of
five restaurants in Campina Grande – Paraíba, using for this analysis the Cleaner Production
methodology to identify potentials to reduce waste, and optimize the process and the
energetic efficiency. The result of this study shows that the Cleaner Production adoption
allied to the construction of an environmental politics, written and communicated to the
whole staff can improve the competition for the companies, since one of its advantages is the
image improvement of the company besides the keeping of current and future customers.
Keywords: Cleaner production, restaurants, waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The CONAMA Resolution N º. 302 of 20 March 2002 and the Preconditions for Sustainable Management of the Area Surrounding the Artificial Reservoirs Filled by Invasive Plants
G. P. Freitas, L. C. Ribas (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The Forest Code is an instrument command and control guiding, primarily, of the national policy
and of the system of forestry production’s organization, and stimulates the planting of forests.
Aside from the aspect of forest production of Forest Code, is found the worry with the
environmental protection. Allied to this instrument of standardization, The National Council of
The Environment (CONAMA in Portuguese) may be mentioned, in order of, issuing resolutions,
consolidate tools susceptible of the regulation and complementary of various devices
recommended by the Forest Code. In this article will be especially discussed the Resolution of
CONAMA n. 302, of May 20, 2002. The purpose is the discussion the applicability of the
resolution for sustainability for Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) the surroundings of artificial
reservoirs. This discussion is based on a proposal for a human intervention in PPA of artificial
reservoirs, aiming to control invasive species (Melinis minutiflora). We conclude that, focusing on
the social, environmental and economic, it is possible to support a proposed technical plan for
the establishment of grasses, planting native species and fruit trees, building of materials
originating from timber and eco-friendly, thus enhancing even the objectives established in the
National Policy on the Environment.
Keywords: CONAMA, Resolution 302, sustainability, permanent protection areas, artificial reservoirs
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Conceptual Proposal of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic Module with Water Coil Cooling
ZANLORENZI, G.; SZEJKA, A. L. (PUC-PR); SOUZA, T. M. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The Solar Photovoltaic (PV) modules present loss of generation potential because of the solar cells heating by solar irradiation. This loss occurs due to the increase of the layer between the P and N junction of the cell, instigating that for the same quantity of solar irradiation, the cooled cell has a greater potential in relation to the heated cell. The aim of this research is to propose a conceptual model of a cooling system for a Solar PV Module in order to achieve a generation potential superior to the same solar irradiation power. The development of the conceptual model used the 15 meters of copper tube in order to make the coil cooling, which it will be in contact with the superior part of the solar photovoltaic module. Aluminium plates were used to expand the thermal contact between Solar PV Module and Cool Fluid. The tests with the hybrid solar PV module in a real application show a temperature reduction of 14,6 ºC in relation to the original Solar PV Module. This temperature reduction increases in 21.1 W of the power rating in the peak of energy generation as well as leads to a gain of 1,16% of electrical efficiency. The conceptual proposal implementation shows a better use of solar energy, since the hybrid system increases the absorption of solar irradiation and heats the water that can be stored in a suitable container for future use. Finally, the calculus of the hybrid efficiency of the module presents a utilization of the irradiation in 36.93%, that is, a gain of 222.25% in relation to the original system, which reached an efficiency of 11.46% during the peak of energy generation.
Keywords: Solar Energy, Efficiency, Solar PV Hybrid System, Water Coil Cooling, Heat Transfer
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Contribution of Cleaner Production in the Improvement of Work Conditions and Workers Health: A Case Study
E. C. Batiz (SOCIESC); M. G. Farias (UDESC)
|
Abstract: The present article brings to discussion a very interesting and up to date aspect: the synergy
between Work Security, Health and Hygiene, Ergonomics and Cleaner Production. A case study
has been developed in a chemistry laboratory of a university in order to assess the main causes
of sonorous pollution and the consequent use of disposable ear protectors (EPI’s). Noise level
measurements were conducted in some specific points of the laboratory. Results showed two
main causes of noise generation: i) maintenance plains that were not fulfilled, and ii) lack of
concern for keeping the laboratory environment free of noise. Based on the concepts of Cleaner
Production all the centrifugal machines were submitted to corrective maintenance, including
cleaness and substitution of parts. This procedure resulted in the reduction of pressure noise
levels in approximately 17 dB, below de noise level that required the use of EPI’s. This also
created better working conditions and economy by the reduction of solid residue generation. It
was verified strong synergy between Work Security, Health and Hygiene, Ergonomics and
Cleaner Production in the improovement of the work conditions, besides the elimination or
reduction of residues and increasing in the workers security and health.
Keywords: Work conditions, sonorous pollution, cleaner production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Contribution of Sustainability In Project Success: Managers’s Perpective in Brazilian Companies
MARTENS, M. L.; CARVALHO, M. M. (USP)
|
Abstract: This quantitative research aims to identify the contribution of sustainability in project management on project success. As methodology was used the survey method. Questionnaires online were sent to professionals responsible for project management, and it was obtained 143 valid answers. Research data were treated with multivariate statistical analysis through Structural Equation Modelling using SmartPLS Software. The results confirm the hypothesis that sustainability in project management contribute to project success with 95% of probability. The economic dimension of sustainability has been the dimension most used when we compare with the environmental and social dimension, especially in industrial sector. In the sample, the social dimension has been the second dimension most applied. In addition, the study highlightthe lack of research about sustainability in project management as well as the need of improvements on business practices.
Keywords: Sustainability, project management, sustainability in project management, project success
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Contribution of the NGOs, Associations and Foundations to Promote Production and Consumption of Green Products
RITTER, A. M.; BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the actions taken by NGOs, associations and foundations, which have a focused approach to environmental sustainability, to promote consumption and production of green products. A multiple case study was conducted in the South state of Brazil with x organizations and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The constructs were considered involvement in public policy, partnerships, social responsibility and economic development. The results suggest that interviewed are contributing to the development of laws and working in partnership with government agencies in search of incentives for green products. Interviewed also pointed the difficulty in obtaining financial resources, but on the other hand, little is observed partnerships with companies. It was also observed that there is a lack of educational projects for children. The studied organizations do not evaluate the economic development of the place where they work and therefore not directly measure the impact of their actions in this light. The appointed results indicate aspects that effectively contribute to promote consumption and the production of green products such as involvement in the drafting of laws and certification of organic products. It indicates, however, that there is potential to improve the actions of the studied organizations by strengthening partnerships with companies and by analyzing the actual financial return and nonfinancial of these actions.
Keywords: Green product, NGOs, consumption green
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Correct Fate of the wastes of a cheese manufacture - an Analysis of Economic Viability
L. Serpa; W. L. Priamo; V. Reginatto (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The cheese serum is rich in proteins, lactose, fats and proteins but considered a great one
pollutant of the industry of dairy products. Currently is low used in the food industry and the
great wasted volumes in effluent treatment correspondents to animal nutrition or sent to
treatment systems with low efficiency, contaminating receiving bodies drastically and generating
environmental problems as the biochemical demand. The objective of the present study is
consider economically alternatives for the use and correct destination for the cheese serum
originated from of cheese dairies of small, medium and big scale. Was used as methodological
base a qualitative experimental research, with experimental data obtained in laboratory from of
industrial cheese dairy. The analyses showed a cheese serum with average percentage of 93,70
% (± 0,49) of total solids, 0,84 % (± 0,04) of proteins and 4,99 % (± 0,22) of lactose. With to
present organic load, presented as viable system, that where the serum can be destined for the
concentration of solids through micro and ultrafiltration membranes, directing the proteins for
the increase of the yield cheeses process, and the lactose for biofermentation, reducing DBO of
the liquid sent to sources, and aggregating value to the industrialized product. Thus, concluded
that economical viability of the use of the cheese serum can be obtained through some viable
alternatives for industries with different scales of production.
Keywords: Cheese whey, separation for membranes, ultrafiltration
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Design within the Contexts of National Policy for Solid Waste, Cleaner Production and Sustainability
MIGLIANO, J. E. B. (FEI)
|
Abstract: The awareness about the natural resource limits and the effects of mankind activities over the atmosphere and planet climate are increasing among countries government, industries and societies, provoking reflections in a worldwide basis and are generating new concepts and compromises, such as Sustainability, as defined by the 96th General Assembly of the United Nations in 1987, Cleaner Production as the Declaration of Seoul in 1998, Agenda 21 from Rio 92 among others, creating a fertile field for public policies addressingof environmental subjects, aiming for conscious consumption of goods, better management of production resources, reduction of residues generation, post consumed goods recycling or its final disposition in a proper wayas well. Above trend early leaded mostly by developed countries, is being followed by others and, in the Brazilian case, after more than twenty years of discussion at the Congress, the National Policy for Solid Waste (NPSW) was published and covers:principles, objectives and instruments for solid waste treatment and its correct final disposition, aside ofaddressing responsibilities for all parts involved, such as: government, industry, commerce, importers, service providers and consumers. Enforces the polluter-pay principle, introduces the provider-receive concept, as well as the shared responsibility for end of life products withimplementation of Reverse Logistic System (RLS) mechanism for several goods, aiming, at the same time, for material and energy recovery, social inclusion of waste pickers cooperatives, subject to act as partners in the RLS processes, aside of showing important synergies with CP Compromises, Life Cycle Thinking and Sustainability concepts either. Thus, the NPSW combined with the CP Compromises, createsa challenging new endeavor for designers, engineers and managers in charge of products, processes and management models conception as they have to consider; aside of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) tool for better understanding of consumers demands; other tools and strategies to address properly the economic, social and environmental aspects, such as: the Design for Environment (DfE), Design for Manufacturing (DfM), Design for Recycling (DfR), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) among others briefly discussed in this work of exploratory and deductive survey on applied social sciences and production engineering. Therefore, this workis lacking of pretension to exhaust these themes, but mostly intend to generate reflections on above provocative andcreative subjects and, at the same time,providea broad view on concepts, models, standards and references for beginners and, perhaps, some hints for peers deeperresearches.
Keywords: Design, public policies, life cycle thinking, cleaner production, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Development of Cleaner Production Actions Through an International Agreement Sealed Between Brazil And Switzerland
J. B. de Freitas; I. Costa; M. L. de Almeida; J. A. dos Santos
|
Abstract: The pursuit for environment preservation became to be a crucial tool to enterprises that wish to keep in global market. In this context, this article aims to present and discuss the international agreement of technical and scientific cooperation between Swiss Government and SEBRAE-PB, which result in the diffusion and implementation of clean technologies. To achieve the purposed objective, it was performed a bibliographic and documental research to explore aspects related to technologies turning to clean production and their relation with sustainable development. Besides, it was obtained information through technical visits to institutions and companies involved with the pursuit for optimizing their productive process by clean production technologies. The use of this observations contributed for a better understanding on the agreement, which represents a valuable instrument for the sustainable development process due to the possibility of providing qualification for productive agents as well as advices that may contribute to modify rudimental methods used, which might cause natural resources degradation and environmental problems to Paraiba’s Semi-arid.
Keywords: Clean production, environment management, social responsability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Environmental Accounting in the Methodology of Ecodesign: Using Emergy as a Quantitative Measure of the Evaluation of Environmental Stress. The Case of the PET Packages
A. J. M. Rodrigues; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; Silvia H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The present scenario indicates a collapse situation of the natural resources, and there is a call for significant changes in the production and current consumption models so sustainable development can be reached. Ecodesign comes as an important tool for the accomplishment of environmental requirements. Lately, several proposals have been presented to aid the designer in developing greener products. These proposals provide general parameters and are not capable of specifically analyzing a product or process. Searching for new forms contribution from design to the development of sustainable products, the introduction of the environmental accounting in the methodology of product design is proposed, through the use of sustainability indicators. This work aims to present a simplified tool to aid decision-making in the methodology of design of products in the process of materials selection and industrial processes.
Keywords: Sustainable development, ecodesign, environmental accounting, emergy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Environment and Production Processes, the Concern of the Energy Management and Productive Resources in Companies of São Paulo
C. Machado Junior; C. J. Furlaneto (IMES)
|
Abstract: This paper develops a survey in enterprises in the Greater São Paulo, to determine whether the approach adopted in the management of its resources has socio-environmental concerns. The socio-environmental approach is noted by the presence of control and reduction actions of the resources used in their production processes or in the daily activities of human resources who work there. The features studied were: the electricity, gas, water. To achieve the research objectives we carried out a survey of the theoretical framework of the main approaches to environmental management, enabling the understanding of the context that guides this work. The methodology creates conditions to establish an overview of how is the management of organizations in control and resource consumption reduction actions. Information obtained are arranged in a set of graphics that enables understanding how a significant group of companies practicing the management of its resources for the benefit of the environment.
Keywords: Management practices, enviromental control, social-environment view
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The ESG-Environmental, Social and Governance Performance in Different Institutional Environments
GARCIA, A. S.; ORSATO, R.; MENDES-DA-SILVA, W. (FGV)
|
Abstract: Considering the institutional, cultural and regulatory differences between countries, this research investigates the differences between the performance of ESG-Environmental, Social and Governance and its relation with the financial performance of companies from emerging and developed countries. Through the ASSET4 database, the panel data methodology was used with 2,165 companies from developed and emerging countries. The results allow us to accept the hypotheses raised that there is a prevalence of the institutional environment in relation to financial performance and ESG performance. In addition, it was also found that companies from controversial sectors have better performance ESG than companies from other sectors.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, ESG performance, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Financial Services Sector and the Transition towards the Green Economy in Brazil
MORAES, S. S.; DEUS, R. M.; BATTISTELLE, R. A. G. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to discuss the contribution of the financial services sector to the transition towards a Green Economy in Brazil. By means consultation of documents and scientific articles published on the theme and the visit to the official website of the Brazilian Federation of Banks (FEBRABAN), we conducted the research. The main topic studied was the environment and Green Economy, by means analyzing the publications related on the “Café com Sustentabilidade” topic. The results show that from the agreements and regulations and specific laws, such as the Paris Agreement, the Forest Code and Resolution 4327 of April 2014, the banking sector has sought partnerships to discuss and create programs and actions that contribute to the transition towards a Green Economy. The goals of Paris Agreement signed by Brazil in 2015 highlights and covers the sectors with significant potential for pollution. As the banking industry finances investments in the sectors studied, there is an excellent opportunity to improve the environmental conditions in the execution of such enterprises from the contribution of the banking sector through the release of resources and supervision.
Keywords: Banks, Agriculture, Sustainable Buildings, Forest Recovery
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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The Function of the University and the Cleaner Production as generating of innovation in Local Productive Arrangement - Furniture Sector
M. G. Farias; A. C. Rocha; M. J. L. Hulmann (UDESC)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to demonstrate the importance and the results of the integration process of University of the State of Santa Catarina with the governmental issues, the business sectors and the society - in special, by means of the companies nets called “Local Productive Arrangements”, in the advances of the use of the concept in education on cleaner production for endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development.
Keywords: Sustainable development, local productive arrangement, cleaner production, furniture sector, innovation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Impact of the Cleaner Production Technologies in the Mining Productive Chain: The Case of Padua-RJ
SILVA NETO, R. (IFF); SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Winnipeg-Canada); BALLONI, F. (IFF)
|
Abstract: The industry of ornamental stones of Santo Antônio
de Pádua, located in the northeast region of the state of Rio
de Janeiro/Brazil, is currently the most important productive activity in the region. Despite this, companies make
use of simple and rudimentary techniques, which causes serious environmental and competitiveness problems. In
order to seek a reasonable sustainability standard for firms operating in the sector, many research, government
and civil society organizations have tried to develop and diffuse technologies in order to enhance the
industry’s
competitiveness. However, some difficulties to diffuse technologies, especially to small companies, have arisen.
The objective of this research paper is to describe
and assess the use and implementation of these technologies as
an important contribution for cleaner production and more sustainable approaches and attest that these
technologies can represent partial solution for the
practice of cleaner production systems in its broader and
modern conceptualization. The research study used a qualitative approach and sought to work with multiple
sources of evidence such as an extensive bibliographical review, multiple case studies with semi-structured
interviews with entrepreneurs and industry professionals, in addition to technical visits to local companies. This
paper considers that even with all the effort, the
model used to address the lack of sustainability of
the firms
located in Padua was incomplete and the results were modest. The model was too focused on the technology
development itself, but missing other aspects such
as training of entrepreneurs and workers as well as
the
implementation of environmental management systems
and adequate set of policies to back up these initiatives.
Keywords: Cleaner production technologies, innovation, technological diffusion, mining, productive chain.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Implementation of a Cleaner Production Program in a ISO 14001 certified Steelmaking Company
L. K. da Rocha ; C. A. M. Moraes; A. C. Garcia;
F. A. Brehm; R. C. Gaspar; J. B. Schneider;
P. R. Zambelan (UNISINOS); L. Z. Jaworski; G. Buaszczy; M. M. Nickhorn (Gerdau)
|
Abstract: About 90 to 95% of metallic alloys produced in whole world are steel, at the same time the impact to the environment from this production can be high. This work intends to discuss how a cleaner production program implemented in an already certified ISO 14001 steelmaking company can contribute to processes and products in a more environmentally sustainable steel.
As the cost of end-of-pipe technologies and disposal in the industrial landfill has grown fast, the pollution prevention and minimization of waste generation became a more attractive investment. However, all collaborators from the steel plants must be aware of cleaner production to incorporate this knowledge in process and product projects, and participating as responsible to achieve better performance of the process in a continuous way.
Keywords: Iron and steelmaking process, cleaner production, waste minimization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Implementation of the Cleaner Production in the rubber industry - a case study
G. C. Oliveira Neto (UNINOVE); L. E. C. Chaves; O. Vendrametto; J. B. Sacomano (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The increasing ecological awareness, ambient preservation, social justice and concern with
the future generations directly are related the support of the companies. This article
approaches the concept of Cleaner Production in an industry of rubber manufacture.
The economic and ambient advantage in the rubbish recycling is boarded, applied in a small
company of rubber manufacture in Brazil in the search for the modifications in its processes
and the phases of the production cycle that can adjust the acceptable and ambiently
conscientious criteria.
Thus the financial benefit acquired in the recycling in the rubber production will be
mentioned and the ambient benefit. For this intention the methodology of Intensity of
Material will be used (Wuppertal Institute). The tool was applied to evaluate the benefits in
the scale of the biosfera as consequence of the reduction of emissions on account of
intervention Clean Production.
Keywords: Cleaner production, rubber production, rubber recycling, sustainable
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Importance of Certifications and Construction Management Systems
A. P. R. Alipio, G. C. Bruna (Mackenzie)
|
Abstract: Managing a construction site organized way, results in a cleaner production, and helps the
world to be more sustainable. The sustainable development represents an effort in balancing
and integrating the social welfare. The economic prosperity, and the environment protection
bring benefits to current and future generation. The recovery or even the reduction of the
consequences of errors committed in the past, will demand an extraordinary international
effort, with plan carefully developed to substitute the raw material in materials or energy
sources that are harmful to the environment. Thinking about the management of waste in
the construction site, should be part of the project planning, from the conception of the
project to its construction; starting the teaching and information, training, hearing the right
employees (skilled workman), follow up the evolution of the process, check-listing to judging
with is the best posture to feed the system. The professionals’ actuation and companies
involved in the process of the organization at the construction site, the operational
procedures, and organization are very important for a satisfactory result in this process. To
the system work in benefit to nature and also looking forward to the best for the future
generations, the routine of a reduced consuming and raising awareness is significant for the
future of the planet. The important actuation of Companies as the Constructer Sobloco
proves that environmental management system works, beyond being certified by ISO 14001.
By the clamor of tripod: civil society, public authorities and private sector that are facing the issue of environment and competitiveness that requires the companies new postures of
citizenship, especially those geared to the protection of the environment.
Keywords: Waste of Construction and deconstruction, recycling, environmental management system, ISO
14001
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Importance of Solar Energy for Sustainable Social Development
TSURUDA, L. K.; MENDES, T. A. (IFG/AGEHAB); VITOR, L. R.; SILVEIRA, M. B. (AGEHAB)
|
Abstract: The use of polluting energy sources in meeting the growing demand for energy directly impacts the environment, affecting the present and future generations. The shortage of non-renewable sources, fueled by the energy crisis, has led to intensive studies and research into the diversity of the energy matrix, implementing alternative and renewable energy sources. Thus, the objective of this article was to evaluate the application of solar energy as a means of promoting sustainable and social development in single family social housing (HISU), state of Goiás. The energy efficiency actions implemented in the HISU, mainly in relation to photovoltaic generation, provided an average consumption saving of 145.0 kWh month-1 to only 21.9 kWh month-1 per HISU, that is, a reduction of 85,0%. Environmentally, this energy saving is equivalent to avoiding the emission of 73.53 kg CO2 year-1 per HISU in the atmosphere.
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, Housing of Social Interest (HIS)
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
The Influence of Cellulase Enzyme on the Energetic-Environmental Performance of Second Generation Ethanol Production – A Preliminary Study
AGOSTINHO, F.; BERTAGLIA, A. B. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: First generation ethanol from sugarcane is produced
by Brazilian mills since 1960, currently recognized as a
mature technology with high productivity. In a parallel way, the so called second generation ethanol (obtained
from lignocellulosic materials) has great potential
as an alternative to increase the amount of ethanol currently
produced without requiring any surplus of land - avoiding the food versus energy debate. This new technological
route demands enzymes for the hydrolysis process, converting the existing cellulose and hemicelulose from
vegetal biomass into fermentable sugars. Quantifying
the energetic-environmental cost of enzyme production is
essential when assessing the total cost of second generation ethanol. In this sense, the aim of this work is to
assess the influence of
celulase
enzyme industrial production on the energetic-environmental performance of
second generation ethanol. Two main approaches are
considered: (i) embodied energy analysis and (ii) emission
inventory. Results indicates that enzyme
celulase
production requires about 900 MJ/kg
enzyme, which increases from
5,49 to 20,72 MJ the embodied energy used to produc
e 1 Liter of second generation ethanol. Emission inventory
shows that CO2
is the most released gas to atmosphere (99,9% of total in mass units), reaching 13300 g/kg
enzima
and Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 13,32 kgCO2-eq./kg
enzima. The enzyme’s GWP correspond to 0.01% of total
second generation ethanol’s GWP production, thus its influence could be considered insignificant. While enzyme’s
industrial production emissions can be considered inapplicable on the total emissions from second generation
ethanol, the embodied energy value has a strong influence.
Keywords: Celulase enzyme; CO2; embodied energy; second generation ethanol
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Influence of Competitive Intelligence in Environmentally Sustainable Innovation Management
MARCON, A.; MELATI, C.; HEINZE, M.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Current social, economic and, mainly, environmental changes affect companies in several forms. Consequently, managers need to implement environmentally sustainable innovations that mitigate the impact exerted by companies’ operations on the society. These environmentally sustainable innovations can arise from both companies’ internal or external sources. In this sense, the general objective of this paper was to understand the role played by companies’ competitive intelligence on the environmentally sustainable innovation management. Specifically, it aimed (i) to identify motivations, practices and the benefits perceived by companies in their green actions, (ii) to map the competitive intelligence mechanisms used by companies to collect information on environmentally sustainable innovations and (iii) to analyze how competitive intelligence aids and affects the decision for green innovation management practices. In order to reach the objective proposed, a qualitative exploratory research was performed through the analysis of three cases of companies based in Brazil. In sum, the results indicate that the organizations use the information arising from the external environment to acquire and gather knowledge on sustainability and, thus, develop organizational, marketing, product and process innovations. To that end, they apply market researches, participate in sustainability-oriented events and associations, monitor current environmental legislations and follow specialized publications and/or reports. The results also indicate that companies hire specialized human resources and specialized consulting companies, adhere to environmental certifications, such as ISO 14001, cooperate with stakeholders and analyze product and process chains to guarantee an environmentally sustainable innovation management. Theoretically, it can be state that this study contributes to the spread of the use of competitive intelligence as a competitive advantage driver and as an important tool to stimulate environmentally sustainable innovation practices.
Keywords: Environmentally Sustainable Innovation Management, Competitive Intelligence, Sustainability, Sustainable Innovation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Influence of Enterpeneurial and Market and Knowledge Management Orientations about a Cleaner Production and the Sustanable Competititve Advantage
GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (UFPel); SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); VASCONCELOS, C. R. M. (UnP)
|
Abstract: Enterprises from different economic sectors play a fundamental role in furthering a sustainable development in the region where it is inserted. However, it is the environmental practices of these organizations which determine the prompt impacts on environmental sustainability. In this sense, a Cleaner Production (CP) is responsible for the decrease in natural and material resources consumption and energy, as well as for the systematic decrease in waste and pollutants emission. Thus, it is important to identify the strategical guides which came before the CP and, consequently, lead the enterprises to achieve a Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA) before their competitors. In this context, this research aims at analyzing the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Market Orientation (MO) and Knowledge Management Orientation (KM), about the CP and the SCA. The present research was about a survey applied to 1.774 small and medium enterprises in Southern Brazil, in the sectors of transformation industry, commerce and services, and it was analyzed by the Structural Equation Modeling, typifying it as a quantitative and descriptive research. The results show there is an intense previous influence (EO, MO, KM) over the CP, pointing out that the correlations among the three antecedents have a high intensity, showing that the enterprises researched use the strategical guides (EO, MO, KM) separately, and that, when they are combined, there is a higher chance of CP success, with a significant increase in SCA for the small and medium enterprises.
Keywords: Cleaner production, Sustainable competitive advantage, Entrepreneurial orientation, Market orientation, Orientation knowledge management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Manufacturing Industry and the Environment
J. Dilly; M. G. S. Nogueira; G. Casalinho (UFPel)
|
Abstract: The present work consists in the study of Sustainable Production Philosophies that, being used by Productive Organizations, in this case, the Manufacturing Industry, contributes with the environmental issue. As another priority, this work aims to emphasize facts and possible solutions to the environmental issues, having as background, the differences between environmental priorities according to countries development level. This work shows the relation between Industry and Environment, focusing the improvement of the production processes control in order to get a sustainable development that brings as consequence the reduction of left-overs as well as the important collaboration with the environmental issue. The importance of the Manufacturing Industry to the industrial sector and to the Brazilian economy is also discussed. As a result of this work it is possible to conclude that industries will only be able to contribute definitely with the environment when all of them re-evaluate their productive processes and adopt sustainable production philosophies.
Keywords: Sustainable production, manufacturing industry, environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Influence of Human Labor on the Environmental Sustainability of the Commercial Cultivation of Bamboo
R. L. Guarnetti; S. H. Bonilla; C. M. V. B. Almeida; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
|
Abstract: By performing emergy environmental accounting for a cultivation of bamboo with culms* production management, the resources which involve the highest emergy flows were identified. The most significant resource is the labor input, representing about 35% of all emergy value. By using the ternary diagram, it was possible to identify significant differences in the environment sustainability value when the cultivation site is changed. This variation is associated with the differences on the transformity values of labor among the countries.
*Culms: bamboo stalks that grow up horizontally only, and keep the same diameter throughout its life.
Keywords: Bamboo, ternary diagram, emergy, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Influence of Services on the Environmental Accounting of a Small Business Manufacturer of Auto Parts in São Paulo State
CARVALHO, N, ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Small companies usually have no influence on the decisions taken along the supply chain and have to adapt their production processes in accordance with the decisions taken by the chain leading companies. The idea of evaluating products in the supply chain perspective to help reduce the environmental and socio economic impacts associated with manufacturing has been explored. So far, there are no studies considering the various types of small businesses that arise in the sphere of influence of large supply chains in order to fill the gaps or serve customers with special needs. This study evaluates two products, using emergy synthesis and regarding the use of environmental resources and energy of a small company operating in the Brazilian market of automotive replacement, with special attention to the influence that services provided by third parties have on the production model.
Keywords: Emergy, Automotive after market, Use of resources, EmPrice
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Integrated Production of Fruits in Brazil and the Interface with a Cleaner Production
L. P. Vendrametto, C. A. Di Agustini, S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Currently, there is a high level of concern regarding principles that guide production systems.
The same applies in agriculture. Production based on guidelines such as integrated disease
and pest management; the rational use of input; restricted use of non-renewable natural
resources; conservative soil and water practices; contamination and disease prevention
among rural workers are the most important steps towards achieving sustainability. This
article presents a discussion based on “Sustainable Agricultural Production or Cleaner
Agricultural Production”. The Integrated Production of Fruits can be considered an excellent
example of success regarding productivity, quality and reduction of environmental impacts in
agriculture. Briefly, it is a system that uses the resources only after they are rationalized and
their real need monitored. This article aims at discussing and presenting the principles and
norms of Integrated Fruit Production in Brazil.
Keywords: Integrated production, integrated management, sustainable agriculture
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The International Impacts of Environmental Requirements of the European Union on the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Sector
S. L. M. Ansanelli (UFRRJ)
|
Abstract: European Union, concerned about the rise of electrical and electronic equipment waste containing hazardous substances, published two requirements in 2003: directives on waste management (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment-WEEE) and the use of hazardous substances (Restriction of the Use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment-RoHS). These requirements have caused impact over main countries, in and out European Union, stimulating technological innovation, especially involving replacement of hazardous substances. Developed countries are more ready and have reacted in a more innovative way than the Asian new industrialized countries.
Keywords: RoHS, WEE, environmental policy, innovation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Leading Role of Local Governments in Achieving a Sustainable City
CORTESE, T. T. P. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: There is a clear link between the actions of the cities about climate change and the larger goals of being a low-carbon economy, poverty eradication and global environmental governance. The role of cities in this new institutional architecture, as defined by the Unites Nations, is a unique opportunity for cooperation. Shares of cities serve as a catalyst for national governments, aiming to provide support to public policies, creating a virtuous circle. The purpose of the present work is to demonstrate that, faced with a troubling and urgent climate reality, local governments have taken responsibility and have been working in the formulation of public policies with the participation of various actors in society.
Keywords: Sustainable city, local governments, government policy
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Materiality as a Competence of Enterprise Transformation under the Perspective of Sustainability
CARPEJANI, P., PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E., GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E., MACHADO, C. G. (PUC-PR - Brazil/Chalmers University of Technology - Sweden); BONFIM CATAPAN, B. (PUC-PR - Brazil); DESCHAMPS, F. (PUC-PR/UFPR - Brazil); LOURES, E. R. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The goal of this research is to check if the materiality can be considered as a competence of enterprise transformation in a sustainable conception. A secondary intention is listing and ranking other possible competencies that may change the enterprise scenery through Triple Bottom Line premises. The approach used to solve this gap is the Delphi research. This method is responsible for extracting a consensus among experts in this topic. To sort the abilities, the tool Qualtrics and the Mudge Method have been chosen. The last one has a goal of minimizing subjective factors that are inborn to human being’s routine, creating a more efficient decision-making process. As one of the main discoveries, this research found out 9 nine necessary competencies to make an enterprise transformation on the mentioned topic. Also, it was confirmed that the materiality can be deemed as one of these abilities, and that it can contribute to this selection and, therefore, help companies to reach their Sustainable Development Goals. The limitation of the study is in the absence of details on how to implement such competencies at the everyday enterprise routine. In the sense of being original, this paper is the first to broach the necessary competencies of transformation with the sustainable pillars and also when giving applicability to the newly developed definition of materiality.
Keywords: Enterprise Transformation, Materiality, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Delphi Method, Mudge Method
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Meanings of Sustainability: A Comparison Between State and Market Discourses
PAGOTTO, E. L.; GONÇALVES-DIAS, S. L. F. (USP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This research aims to investigate convergences and divergences among sustainability discourses on public policies and practices of the so-called “sustainable production and consumption”. It was questioned how concepts of sustainability are being taken in public policies and market practices related to “sustainable production and consumption”. To do that samples of their discourses were analyzed and compared according to its source, from both public policies and the private sector. The methodologic proceedings comprehend documental analysis for further comparation according to the principles of sociological discourse analysis. The evidences gather from pieces of market and State discourses showed they come from distinct ontological propositions but converge to the mainstream discourse of weak sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainability. Sustainable production and consumption. Sociological discourse analysis.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Measurement of Environmental Performance in Hospitals: A Framework and Process
PASQUALINI BLASS, A. (PUC-PR/UNIDAVI); GOUVÊA DA COSTA, S. E.; PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR); BORGES, L. A. (UNIDAVI)
|
Abstract: Since the publication of the Brundtland Report (1987), academics and practitioners have raised concerns on the measurement of environmental sustainability performance. In the healthcare sector, especially in hospitals, measuring environmental performance relates to the reduction of environmental impact and continuous improvements in the quality of processes and outcomes. The literature review highlighted concerns on the lack of strategic focus of performance indicators, relevance and robustness of metrics and difficulties for the deployment of measures within different hierarchical levels. New frameworks are necessary to define relevant and meaningful indicators for monitoring and assessing environmental performance if healthcare systems and operations are to be improved. Moreover, field studies conducted with 10 hospitals in the Southern region of Brazil underlined the scarcity of consistent frameworks applied in practice to measure, monitor and improve environmental performance. Considering this context, the study seeks to propose an alternative framework drawn from the review of literature and current legislation. The proposed framework is operationalized through a ‘process approach’ and evaluated in terms of feasibility (can the process be followed?), usability (is the approach easily followed?), utility (are the results useful for managers?).
Keywords: Healthcare Operations. Environmental Performance. Measurement. Hospitals. Framework
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Main Factors that Make Up a Wind Energy Production System: Case Study of a Wind Farm Located on the Northern Coast of the Rio de Janeiro
SILVA NETO, R. (IFF); SILVESTRE, B. S. (Faculty of Business and Economics - Winnipeg, Canada); MARQUES, E. P. E.; GUIMARÃES, R. J .B. S.; CARVALHO, A. K. P. (ISECENSA)
|
Abstract: One of the ways to diversify the power grid and reduce its dependence on non-renewable energy sources is
through the use of systems that produce wind energy. Wind energy is defined as the kinetic energy contained in
moving air masses (wind). It can be harnessed by converting the translational kinetic energy into rotational kinetic
energy, with the use of wind turbines. Currently, the growing demand for wind energy is being driven by a number
of factors: the context of supply and demand for energy on a global scale, environmental issues, especially climate
change, and the evolution of the technology in the wind energy sector. The object of this paper is thestudy of a
wind farm, located in the municipality of São Francisco doItabapoana – RJ - Brazil. The objective of this research is
to identify and describe in detail the main factorsthat make up systems that produce wind energy. This research
opted to use the case study methodology since the case study analyzes an individual, family, group, orcommunity
in order to perform an in-depth inquiry so as to examine the life cycle or some particular aspect of the object
being studied. During data analysis, the research perceived that a wind energy production system is composed of
three fundamental factors: a region with wind potential suitable for the production of energy; energy turbines
appropriate for the wind potential in the region; as well as a highly qualified management and maintenance team.
Keywords: Wind farm, system for wind energy production, wind turbine, wind potential.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Maintenance Function and its Impact on the Development of Corporate Sustainability: A Theoretical-Analytical Reflexion
SOUZA, J. B.; SACOMANO, J. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The society's concern over global environmental degradation is leading many companies to embrace
environmentally conscious policies or undertake corporate sustainability. In this context, the maintenance function
is a strategy used during the product's lifecycle in order to extend the production system's reliability. Maintenance
function's proactive policies can provide a competitive advantage when the goal is to protect the environment.
Therefore, the philosophy of maintenance function and production integration is an important action for companies
and academy that are looking for tools to evaluate
the aspects of business sustainability of production systems. As
main results, this paper presents a reflective and
objective approach to assess the importance of production
system and maintenance function integration, considering the evolution of maintenance function's policies as well
as the interrelationships of this integration with
the possibilities of corporate sustainability development (eco-efficiency) in the context of input-processing-output model.
Keywords: Environmental, Operations, Production, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Methodology of Life Cycle Analysis with the Aid of Software Umberto
KUCHINISKI, B. C. T.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; LUZ, L. M.; PIEKARSKI, C. M.; ZOCCHE, L. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The concern with sustainability and the environment
is becoming increasingly apparent. Companies are having to
put these issues in its strategic planning, considering the entire life cycle of their products. It represents not only
the concern with the raw material and waste, but also with the destiny of their products after the use
generated
by them into the environment. This study aimed to describe concepts of the methodology used for the application
of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), its benefits, its limitations and used software, with emphasis on software Umberto, it
being a very important tool to aid the study. For that, it was conducted a bibliographic, documentary,
qualitative
and exploratory search. One can see that Life Cycle
Analysis presents some complexity of appliance, but
can
contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts caused by industrial activities and result in benefits and
improvements for the company.
Keywords: Life Cycle Analysis; literature; environmental impacts
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Nuclear Option to Contribute to a Cleaner and Sustainable Production of Electricity
L. S. Guimarães (Eletronuclear-RJ), J. R. L. de Mattos (Development Center of Nuclear Technology-MG)
|
Abstract: The integration and economic balance, environmental and social concerns are fundamental to
the preservation of human life on Earth. For achieving these goals we must take a fresh look
at how to produce, consume, live, work and relate with people. The concept is revolutionary,
and like all original ideas, leverage heated debates between governments and citizens on
how to achieve this sustainability.
Access and absolute amount of energy used per capita, especially electricity, are essential for
human development and for the delicate equation of sustainability. Globally, electricity
generation should increase by around 80% over the next 20 years, with heavy dependence
on fossil fuels (coal and natural gas). This dependence contrasts with the need to reduce
emission of greenhouse gases. Electricity generation is responsible for 41% of emissions of
greenhouse gases and this share has increased steadily, growing from 36% in 1990 to 39%
in 2000, and continues to grow in the projections of the International Energy Agency - IEA to
44% in 2020 and 45% in 2030. A course correction is urgent to prevent further
environmental issue. Assessments prepared by IEA as subsidy to the discussions at COP-15,
indicate that correcting this trend is necessary to reduce the intensity of CO2 emissions by
21% compared to 2007.
Producing electricity from clean and sustainable manner while promoting social inclusion,
rising its offer, it is an equation of increasing complexity in which is not always the socioeconomic
costs and environmental impacts are possible to be equalized. In this scenario, the
nuclear option back on the agenda of various countries, due its favourable environmental
aspect regarding the generation of greenhouse gases, and is the only source of electricity
production on a large scale that is fully liable for the costs of decommissioning of its facilities and the management and disposal of waste generated.
From an economic standpoint, even with all costs included in the price charged to
consumers, nuclear-generation is economically competitive with other forms of electricity
generation, except where there is direct access to fossil fuels of low cost . This
competitiveness can be changed significantly if financial penalties from greenhouse gases
emissions be added to fossil fuel plants.
In this paper we discuss the contribution of the nuclear option as a support for continuous
and sustainable development, as well as aspects related to operational safety, radioactive
waste management, the mechanisms that prevent the diversion of nuclear materials for use
in reactors for military purposes, the horizon of use permitted by uranium reserves and the
status of this option in the Brazilian scenario.
Keywords: Electricity, nuclear, development, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Organic Agriculture and New Conscious Consumption Patterns
SHIMADA, W. K. (UFGD); REIS, J. G. M. (UFGD/UNIP); OLIVEIRA, E. R. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is analyze the influence of consumers in food sustainable production. Hence, this research explores the relationship of food organic production and consumer behavior, with the development of a “quilombola” community in Dourados, Mato Grosso doSul, Brazil. Therefore, a qualitative approach was conducted using literature review and a case study method. The data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The results showed that the organic production has potential to leverage the rural production due to factors like human health and consumer awareness about environmental issues and sustainable development. Furthermore, the organic production has represented an important way of generating income for families that living in rural areas of Brazil.
Keywords: Consumer behavior; organic products; quilombola community
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
The Peasantry and Environmental Management: Limits and Perspectives
WITKOWSKI, T. H. (UNOESTE); FELÍCIO, M. J. (NEAGEO)
|
Abstract: The peasantry is a political force; perhaps the most important force which obstacles capital expansion in agriculture. Historically, the peasantry has demonstrated that the transformative and revolutionary force developed by capital advance in agriculture could not solve economic, social, political and cultural problems. The peasantry needs to recreate itself in order not to submit to the laws of capitalist accumulation, as well as not to see its original potential environmental and social effectiveness supplanted and destroyed. This work aims to broaden the understanding of the environmental management principles historically developed by the peasantry as a way to expand the alternatives through which obstacles are turned into levers that unblock paths through the strength of their autonomy, their independence, their leading role and their resistance. This paradigmatic debate is a necessary condition for the reading of the agrarian status for trying to understand how the autonomy of the peasantry production is established. The self management developed in small production is a result of accumulated knowledge transmitted from generation to generation in relation to access to land, water, seeds and local skills. This allows the peasant to perform agriculture his own way, using low external inputs, favoring the use of local resources, as well as the effective use of land, water and biodiversity. Based upon a dialectical approach, it was possible to clarify the evolutionary trends of agriculture, the development of the peasantry and its strategies and mechanisms for social, cultural and economic reproduction.
Keywords: Peasantry, environmental management, remake strategies
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Perspectives of Biomethane to Contribute to Increase the NG Supply
GARCILASSO, V. P.; SANTOS, M. M.; PEREIRA, A. S.; JOPPERT, C. L.; PERECIN, D.; POVEDA, M.; COLUNA, M. E.; COELHO, S. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: The Bioenergy Research Group of the Institute of Energy and Environment at the University of São Paulo (GBIO / IEE / USP) is developing the "Project 27 - The biomethane contribution prospects to increase the supply of natural gas in São Paulo" - within the Research Center for Innovation in Natural Gas (RCGI). This is a center of advanced studies on sustainable use of gas, created at USP with funding from FAPESP / Shell / BG. This Project 27 will map the production of biogas and biomethane from vinasse, animal residues (livestock waste and residues from slaughterhouses) and urban residues (solid wastes and liquid effluents). It is important to mention that, besides the use of biogas for energy production, there is another option. After the upgrading process of biogas (CO2 and impurities removal), biomethane can be used as a primary source of energy to be fed into NG pipelines and be distributed to different consumers, as well as in the form of CNG when necessary. Also, in the case of biomethane from vinasse, it can be used to fuel the sugar mills’ diesel fleet (trucks and agricultural equipment). During the development of Project 27, financial, technical, environmental and social aspects of production and use of biomethane will be analyzed. These aspects will be addressed as important points to encourage the biomethane market in São Paulo, such as the need to consider the fundamental synergy between biogas for energy generation and basic sanitation. In view of the above, this article aims to present Project 27, as well as the preliminary results obtained so far.
Keywords: biogas, biomethane, urban waste, agro-industrial waste, energy potential
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The potential for gasification of coffee stems to provide bioenergy for the coffee sector
GARCIA-FREITES, S.; GILBERT, P.; THORNLEY, P. (University of Manchester - UK)
|
Abstract: The coffee industry represents an important part of the global economy, particularly for developing country producers. Here, the industry provides foreign exchange earnings and livelihood to around 25 million smallholder farmers growing almost 80% of global coffee production. The scale of this industry poses a challenge with the utilization or disposal of the residues generated along the coffee cultivation-processing chain. Coffee stems, obtained after coffee tree pruning, are one of those abundant and untapped resources in the coffee supply chain. Their lignocellulosic content and gross calorific value of 19.7 MJ/kg make them a suitable solid fuel for thermochemical conversion processes. Using a process modelling approach and the Colombian coffee sector as a case study, this research evaluates the feasibility of using these residues in small-scale downdraft gasifiers coupled to internal combustion engines (ICE) for power generation and recovery of low-grade heat. The producer gas heating value of 5.6 MJ/Nm3 and the gasifier’s performance characteristics (e.g. cold-gas efficiency of 71%) show that this gas could be utilised in ICE devices for power generation. The overall system efficiency of 45.6% also indicates that the deployment of these systems could be attainable, particularly if low-grade heat is recovered for the coffee grain drying in the Colombian coffee sector. An analysis of the energy demand and coffee stems availability within the sector shows that medium-to-large scale coffee farms (with average coffee productions of 25 t/year and cultivated lands above 5 ha) offer particularly attractive opportunities to deploy this bioenergy system. The biomass production level in these farms is well matched to their energy demands from the coffee-processing chain and household applications. Overall, this work adds to the existing knowledge base by assessing the feasibility of providing coffee stems-sourced low carbon energy for global coffee production at relevant operating scales.
Keywords: Coffee stems, Gasification, Process modelling, Biomass resource availability, Power generation, Low-grade heat recovery, Coffee drying.
[Abstract]
|
The principles of Industry 4.0 and the Sustainability Impacts of the Enterprise Value Chain
PALMA, J. M. B.; BUENO, U. S.; STOROLLI, W. G.; SCHIAVUZZO, P. L.; CESAR, F. I. G.; MAKIYA, I. K. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The growing interest for sustainability has led companies to adjust their strategies to include initiatives for the advancement of the three pillars of business sustainability in environmental, economic and social dimensions. These initiatives often are restricted to the internal actions in enterprises, and the results normally do not expand across the entire company business value chain. Some restrictions are still blocking the advance of sustainability at all levels, since finding solutions requires integration efforts and major changes in products, processes and behavior of people operating in highly complex networks. With the advance of new technologies, especially those from the Industry 4.0 (I.4.0), a high level of connectivity between the processes benefits the expansion of customized products and other elements that suggest deep changes in organizational environments and in society, contributing to the sustainability dimensions. In this scenario, this study intends to evaluate the relationship between sustainability and Industry 4.0 principles, which may impact in advancing the strategies within the company business value chain.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, sustainability, value chain, environment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Production Planning and Control Eco-Efficient: A Case Study in the Plastic Segment
COSTA, I. S.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; LOPES, D. R. G.; FERREIRA, G. B. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: Eco-efficiency allows a company to be environmentally responsible and at the same time obtain economic gains through its productivity or services. In the midst of the economic and environmental challenges faced by organizations, activities such as recycling, reuse, energy saving, preventive maintenance and Setup, among other creative actions, are challenges that the Production Planning and Control (PPC) must face in this new scenario to make an enterprise eco-efficient. In this context, the present study aims to verify the benefits that the activities carried out by the PPC can provide to organizations, both in the economic and environmental aspects of companies in the plastic segment. In the present study, a case study was carried out, and as a data collection technique, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the PPC manager. To evaluate the environmental impact, the MIF eco-efficiency tool was used, resources used in the Wuppertal Institute table (2014). Through values, (prices and quantities) of the raw material, reports and interviews, besides participant observation, it was possible to carry out calculations of the economic and environmental values obtained before and after implementing the SMED methodology in the production line, for the reduction of setup in a company of the plastic branch. As well as other actions accompanied by the PPC as recovery and reuse of raw material and substitution of non-renewable by renewable raw material. With the joint implementation of actions, the company obtained economic and environmental benefits, providing a quantity of R$ 1,009,316.74 with reduction, recovery and reuse of chips in the production process, and a reduction of 42,644.52 tons avoided to be withdrawn from the ecosystems in a period of six months.
Keywords: Eco-efficiency, PPC, setup, reuse, renewable raw material
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Reduction of Waste Generated in Water Treatment. A Study on the Viability of Using Hypochlorite in Tablet in Manaus
OLIVEIRA, F. B. (IFAM), SILVA, H. J. P. (UCAM Prominas)
|
Abstract: The treatment for water disinfection requires the use of products such as hypochlorite, which is generally used in liquid form. The use of this product type generates waste as packaging and empty bottles that need to be properly disposed not to pollute the environment. An alternative to this product is the hypochlorite in tablet, which allows reduction waste without compromising water treatment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tablet hypochlorite use of viability in the city of Manaus, considering the direct acquisition in city of São Paulo. The Research has shown that the choice of hypochlorite in tablet may be advantageous, since transportation costs are reduced in relation of the costs for transportation of hypochlorite in liquid form. Furthermore, there is a reduction in the generation of empty containers, which reduces the costs of treating this type of waste.
Keywords: Reduction, Hypochlorite, Water treatment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Relation Between Business and Law Under the View of a Cleaner Production-
L. C. Ribas, L. M. S. Ota, R. M. de Oliveira, L. A. G. Rocha, E. C. Navarro (UNESP)
|
Abstract: In order to adapt to new standards of development, companies have sought to incorporate in
their practices the principles of sustainability. Environmental legislation runs parallel, renewing
towards the same trend. This paper aims to study the case experienced by GEPSIG Group
(Integrated Management System, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu - SP) and analyze
the relation between business, environment and legislation. It is also discussed proposals for
better integration of the sectors in the pursuit of cleaner production.
Keywords: Environmental licensing, environmental legislation.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Relations Between Maintenance and Enterprise Sustainability Strategies: A Reflective Approach in the Input-Transformation-Output
J. B. de Souza, J. B. Sacomano, S. L. Kyrillos, F. J. S. Milreu (UNIP), J. D. B. de Souza (UFES)
|
Abstract: To reach the sustainable development focused on the production’s enterprise sustainability, it is
necessary a holistic view that reaches the product and/or the service and the processes and
operations in the same way as it reaches all the chain of events, including the systems of the
manufacturing of the product in its differents life-cycles and the maintenance management
system. This requires improved models, indicators for sustainability evaluation and process
optimization techniques, product and knowledge of the system levels (entrance-transformationexit
model). This article presents a general view of the new trends and concepts regarding the
development of products and sustainable systems considering the relations between the
maintenance and enterprise sustainability strategies. In order to reach the article’s goals, the
research was conducted by a procedure combining two techniques for collection of data: the
bibliographical research and the accomplishment of the field work through e-mail exchange with
the researchers and specialists to collect their final thoughts regarding the relations between the
maintenance and enterprise sustainability strategies. Now, the result is the presentation of an
ample view of the relations between the maintenance and enterprise sustainability strategies
and the consequences of these relations in the entrance-transformation-exit model in order to
contribute with the advance of the use of the enterprise sustainability as a source of competitive
advantage.
Keywords: Maintenance, productive system, enterprise sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Remanufacturing as Option in the Recovery of Products in the Post-Consumer: In the Vision on Brazilian Enterprises
Y. M. B. Saavedra, A. P. B. Barquet, A. R. Ometto, H. Rozenfeld, F. A. Forcelini (USP)
|
Abstract: The concern with the increased generation of solid waste for the more frequently discard of
the products has increased the interest of the international community to developed
alternatives that help to diminish these wastes, especially in the phase of discard (postconsumer)
where the major opportunities of recovery appears. However, one of the major
difficulties is the lack of projection by the enterprises in the moment when developing their
products, making complicated and unfeasible the recovery. Strategies for end of life are
presented as an opportunity to recover these products. In this case, the remanufacturing is
shown to be a strategy that has the greatest gains on the pillars of sustainability. In this
sense, was realized an exploratory study in the literature about the remanufacturing to
identify their main features, as well as two case studies with an original equipment
manufacturing (OEM) and one independent manufacturer with the purpose to make a
comparative analysis of the critical aspects identified in the two enterprises. The results
demonstrate that the OEM companies have major advantages with regard to aspects
relationship with suppliers of used product, reverse logistics operation for Remanufacturing
and marketing of remanufactured product. However, we can mention the possibilities that
may arise from possible partnerships between the two companies to achieve major gains in
the recovery of these products.
Keywords: Recovery of products, post-consumer, remanufacturing, actors
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Role of Health in Impact Assessment and Related Initiatives: A Literature Review
VIEGAS, C. V.; RADOS, G. J. V.; SELIG, P. M. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The society's concern over global environmental degradation is leading many companies to embrace
environmentally conscious policies or undertake corporate sustainability. In this context, the maintenance function
is a strategy used during the product's lifecycle in order to extend the production system's reliability. Maintenance
function's proactive policies can provide a competitive advantage when the goal is to protect the environment.
Therefore, the philosophy of maintenance function and production integration is an important action for companies
and academy that are looking for tools to evaluate
the aspects of business sustainability of production systems. As
main results, this paper presents a reflective and
objective approach to assess the importance of production
system and maintenance function integration, considering the evolution of maintenance function's policies as well
as the interrelationships of this integration with
the possibilities of corporate sustainability development (eco-efficiency) in the context of input-processing-output model.
Keywords: Environmental, Operations, Production, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Role of Solar Energy in the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Perspectives for Brazil 2030
MARQUES, G. S.; PIMENTEL, P. E. O.; VIANNA, J. N. (UnB - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article aims to analyze the possible contributions of solar energy (renewable source), associated with food, water and energy security, as part of the adaptation and mitigation agenda to minimise the negative impacts caused by Climate changes that are part of Brazil's determined national contribution (NDC) to the Paris agreement. The methodological procedures adopted in this work were: bibliographical and exploratory research: a) bibliography, researched books and articles dealing with the Nexus (AN) approach; b) Exploratory, analyzed Brazilian energy planning documents for 2030, in particular renewable sources (solar energy), National Energy Plan (PNE), determined national contribution (NDC) and analysis of 2 (two) cases, being: 1 (one) of energy Solar in residences (houses and apartments) of my Home program My Life (MCMV) and 1 (one) solar power case in small rural properties. The study demonstrates as a result: Case 1-MCMV and MRV enterprises with solar energy kit and case 2-solar energy in small rural properties, presents a strong correlation with the strategies of adaptation and mitigation to the vulnerabilities to the changes Climate. As for the synergy with food security, hydro and energy, Case 1 shows that it has low synergy with water, high with energy and medium with food; Case 2 presents high synergy with water, energy and food. The study is scientifically relevant because it sought to analyze cases that combine the strategies of adaptation and mitigation to the vulnerabilities caused by climate change.
Keywords: Climate change, renewable energy, mitigation and adaptation.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Search for Cleaner Home Appliances: The Case of BSH Company
I. Ribeiro (BSH Continental)
|
Abstract: The United Nations (UN) established in 1987 at Montreal a global action program called the Montreal Protocol, focusing on substances which deplete the ozone layer. Ten years after the Montreal Protocol, the UN signed the Kyoto Protocol, which aims at reducing the emission of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. In alignment to these Protocols and confirming its environmental responsibility, since 1997 the BSH Continental Home Appliances group (located at Hortolândia city, Brazil), has incorporated the Hydrocarbon (HC) Cyclopentane as an isolating and expander agent. Following this continuous improvement philosophy and in tune with the Federal Government and the Ministry of the Environment, BSH Continental once again innovated and implemented, for the first time in the country, another HC in its production, the R600a refrigeration gas also known as Isobutane. The R600a is composed by carbon and hydrogen and it is considered as a natural fluid similar to LP (Liquefied Petroleum), largely used in Europe, especially in Germany. The hydrocarbons – natural gases produced from petroleum totally harmless to the ozone layer and with a global warming potential value similar to the CO2. The hydrocarbons are refrigeration fluids intrinsically more efficient than the HFCs. It means that, with technological advances, the possibility for future reductions in the energy consumption of the refrigerators is more likely to happen than with the use of HFCs. For a country such as Brazil, with a significant potential for the increase of the number of household appliances per resident, the choice for more economic technological lines in the energy consumption, protection of the ozone layer and with the preservation of the global environment is the challenge and the objective for the refrigeration industries that aim at manufacturing innovative products with cleaner technology and that contribute for a global sustainability. Aware of the harmful effects to the Environment caused by the gases used in industrial processes, BSH Continental has anticipating the implementation of more restrictive requirements for the use of these gases, included the isobutane gas (also known as R600a) in its production line or also call of R600a, which combined with the cyclopentane used as an insulator and expander, will form what we can call Ecological refrigerators.
Keywords: global warming, ozone layer, Isobutane, hydrocarbons
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
The Search for Sustainability of PET through the Supply Chain Sustainability
A. Formigoni (UNESP - Guaratinguetá-SP); E. F. Rodrigues (UMC)
|
Abstract: These instructions present to examine the reverse logistics of PET, pointing from the flaws
and shortcomings, try to point out in search of sustainability. For this use two case studies:
the first examines three cooperatives and profile of collectors in relation to PET, according to
the census by ABIPET, lifting chain reverse data on the material. From data collected, and
with the help of a literary review, indicate the sustainability of PET through a sustainable
supply chain.
Keywords: Sustainability, PET, supply chain, recycling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Services Sustainability: Considerations on the Materiality of Accomodation Services from the Concept of a Product Life Cycle
VOLPI, Y. D.; PAULINO, S. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: While tourism is recognized as a catalyst for a wide range of service activities that are potentially damaging to the environment, which motivates several research and actions that aim to promote the sector's sustainability, immateriality remains a widely accepted characteristic in the understanding of the nature of services in general. In this sense, the research aims to clarify the materiality of accommodation services, in light of theories of the service economy and using the concept of a product life cycle. For this purpose, bibliographic research is used to compile inputs and outputs associated with the environmental aspects of the product provided by accommodation businesses that are generated in the production and consumption stages of these services. Inputs (electricity, water, food/beverage, personal care products, cleaning products and pest control chemicals) and outputs (effluent discharges, atmospheric emissions, noise emission and waste generation) represent flows of energy and matter that can be interpreted based on the discussion of the materiality inherent in the service activities.
Keywords: materiality of services, accommodation businesses, environmental requirements, tourism
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Social Construction of Garbage: A Social Analysis of Representations Over the Issue in the Messias Targino City (RN)
A. K. P. de Almeida (MATER CHRISTI), A. S. B. da Silva (UTAD-Portugal), F. L. S. Campos (UNIFEI)
|
Abstract: Assuming from the axiomatic assumption that the garbage is something established
historically and also can vary according to the culture that generates itself, likewise, it
also receive a symbolic treatment and differentiated according to social group that
manipulate them. These assumptions were checked (in fact) during the field research
with social segments of the Messiah Targino city (RN). In this context, the main worry
of this study was to analyze social representations of the local population (examined)
about the physical accumulation of garbage in the city. The systematization of this
evaluation was made using collected data during the field observation and semistructured
interviews, in which represent that the population is performed in relation to
litter the symbolic point of view when it is related to esthetics issues, and from the
material point of view once related to issues of public policy. Based on the results, we
conclude that there are garbage in two intertwined and inseparable stories: concerning
the meaning and the material object as well.
Keywords: Garbage, social representation, Messias Targino City (RN)
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Solid Waste treatment used by Port of Santos administration
J. Monteiro Junior; O. Vendrametto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This article analyzes the positioning of the administration of Port of Santos in what refers to
the implantation of the Plan of Administration of Solid Residues (PGRS) in relation to the
solid residues generated by the port operators and ships, and the concern with the
Environmental Education. The research was of bibliographical stamp.
Keywords: Solid residues management plan, environmental education, Port of Santos
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The State of Art of Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Waste in Brazil
SANTANA, E. V. B.; ELABRAS-VEIGA, L. B. (IFRJ)
|
Abstract: The recycling of Electrical and Electronic Waste (WEEE) in Brazil is an industry sector that still requires much development, particularly the phase that comes before materials transformation into new products, which is the waste management phase. The National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW), established in 2010, through Law 12,305, provides a legal framework in order to structure WEEE management in Brazil. From the policy objective perspective, the law established the solid waste management hierarchy. From the policy instrument perspective, the law defined the reverse logistics systems. In the light of the NPSW, this study conducted a state of the art analysis of WEEE generation and management in Brazil and the main legislation in the field. Based on the analysis conducted, this study identified as the major obstacle to WEEE management in Brazil the failure to ratify the WEEE sectoral agreement, as stated by the NPSW.
Keywords: Electronic Waste, Recycling, National Policy on Solid Waste, Sector Agreement, Brazil
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The sustainability of the Italian water sector: an empirical analysis by DEA
LOMBARDI, G. V.(University of Florence - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University Tor Vergata - Italy); GASTALDI, M. (L'Aquila University - Italy) GIANNETTI, B. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP); STEFANI, G.; PACI, A.; BECAGLI, C. (University of Florence - Italy)
|
Abstract: The sustainability of the development of water resources is a pressing challenge. Natural forces, economic pressure and increasing population determine a significant growth in water use and pollution not supported by highly inefficient water supply practices. In this framework, the Italian water services with fragmented management, highly deficient collection and treatment of wastewater - and existing and potential problems in water supply in some areas of the country – explains the reasoning of the drastic restructuring introduced by Law 36/1994 for hydro services. The impossibility of avoiding natural monopoly and the necessity to industrialize the whole sector determined the imposition of a “for the market” competition in order to exploit possible economies of scale and scope. In this work, a group of Italian water utility companies is used to assess the sustainable efficiency of the Italian water sector, using the mathematical/linear programming of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This well-known technique allows evaluating the systems efficiency not only by calculating the efficiency of each unit, but also helping policy makers by suggesting corrective policies and measures which could make the inefficient units efficient. This approach can be useful for policy makers to direct decisions towards a more sustainable and efficient water sector.
Keywords: Water industry, Efficiency, Sustainability.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The System for Cleaner Production Innovations Development and Implementation in Industry (APINI - SPIN)
J. Staniskis; Z. Stasiskiene (Kaunas University of Technology - Lithuania)
|
Abstract: Role of industry in the process of sustainable industrial development is obvious. It relates to changes in production processes, products and services aimed at reduction of impact to the environment in the entire life cycle perspective that result in improvement of environmental, economic and social performance of enterprises. To ensure sustainable industrial development, systematic application of the following measures is needed:
- Cleaner production (CP),
- Environmental and integrated management systems,
- Product related measures of sustainable industrial development (e.g. eco-design, life cycle approach),
- Sustainability reporting
CP should be an essential part of any comprehensive environmental management system at an enterprise or national level. In many cases the adoption of CP improvements can reduce or even eliminate the need for end-of-pipe investments and therefore can have both environmental and economic benefits. Experience shows, that often companies having identified cost-effective and technically-feasible CP options, may still not be able to make necessary CP investment to realise the financial benefits and environmental advantages. Financing of CP projects varies among countries and types of the projects. Domestic and international efforts to strengthen environmental financing still face a number of serious obstacles, many of which are related to profound economic, political and social problems.
In 1997, Institute of Environmental Engineering (APINI) developed a system for CP innovation development / implementation. The system consists of the pool of experts (on CP innovation generation, financial engineering, implementation and monitoring), the financing source – soft credit line at Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO) and industrial companies. The system is based on company’s material and energy flows, and properly evaluated environmental costs based on Environmental Management Accounting (EMA). The methodologies employed in the system are flexible, can be applied to different company levels and enable decision–maker to obtain information in terms of the intended economic and environmental purposes. The system has been used for development of 141 innovations in 69 Lithuanian industrial companies. These innovations enabled reduction of energy consumption by 30 365 MWh/year. APINI experience was successfully disseminated in Africa, South East Asia, Central America and CEE.
This article presents an overview of activities and experience of APINI in development of CP innovations in industry and lessons learned in terms of strengthening corporate commitment in sustainable development.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, Preventive Innovation, Material and Energy Balance, Environmental Management Accounting, Financing
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Trash Becomes Profit for Brazilian Grocery Retail
BRAGA JR., S. S.; DIAS, K. T. S.; BRAGA, W. R. O.; FORTI, J. C. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work was to analyze the reverse logistics implemented in 22 grocery retails located in São Paulo state (Brazil) and to quantify the profit obtained with this implementation. For this, during 24 months the quantities of cardboard and plastic discarded by these grocery retails were monitored. As a result, it was possible to observe that the supermarket corporation increased its net profit with the practice of reverse logistics in value proportional to the net profit generated by two supermarkets with revenue of 600 thousand dollars. It was concluded that the implementation of reverse logistics was satisfactory, as well as generating environmental benefits resulting from waste reduction, also contributed to the generation of direct and indirect jobs generated by business growth.
Keywords: Reverse Logistics, Grocery Retail, Supermarket, Sustainability, Waste Management
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Use of Computer Resources for Improving Performance Improvement in Energy Efficiency in Construction in Brazil
D. Moreira, O. L. G. Quelhas (UFF), V. J. Lameira (INESC Coimbra- Portugal)
|
Abstract: This research presents a review of the concepts of energy efficiency against the principles of
sustainable development. Also emphasized is the importance of optimization of energyconsumption, particularly within the buildings. It highlights the government initiatives and
the impacts to the environment by various sources of power generation. The research
identifies as important the existence of computational resources to support designers and
users in order to optimize the use of electric energy in buildings. The case study evaluates
the computational resource "PLUS MARK IV. Presents proposals for updating of computer
resource using a critical analysis by specialists. The result of consultation with experts
confirmed the importance of computational resources in project development and use of
electricity in a rational way in construction. One conclusion is that the computational
resources for management of electric energy use in buildings, allows obtaining the energy
diagnosis and induces rationality in design criteria and use of energy. In the end, were
outlined to the possibilities of improving the computational resource "PLUS MARK IV.
Keywords: Quality in construction, energy efficiency, engineering sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The use of Lean Manufacturing Practices in Cleaner Production: A Systematic Review
QUEIROZ, G.; COBRA, R. L. R. B.; GUARDIA, M.; OLIVEIRA, J. A.; OMETTO, A. R.; ESPOSTO, K. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: Lean manufacturing aims to eliminate waste in the production chain for cost reduction, quality improvement, delivery time, i.e. it seeks to make the most efficient production process. The Cleaner Production (CP) aims at environmental improvement of production processes, adopting a precautionary approach and seeking to reduce environmental waste and waste generation. Several studies have indicated that when applying the Lean companies can reduce environmental impacts. Given this context, the objective of this research is to investigate, through a Systematic Literature Review, which ones and how the Lean practices and tools are being used for improvements in environmental performance. The results show that the literature indicates a strong synergy between Lean and Cleaner Production and that many Lean tools can contribute positively to environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, Cleaner Production, practices, tools
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
The Use of PLS-SEM in Sustainability-Related Research
RAMPASSO, I. S.; ANHOLON, R.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP - Brazil) SANTA-EULÁLIA, L. A. (Université de Sherbrooke - Canada); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF - Brazil) LEAL FILHO, W. (Hamburg University of Applied Sciences - Germany); GRANADA, L. F. (Universidad Libre - Colombia)
|
Abstract: PLS-SEM is a method for statistical treatment of data that requires relatively small samples to generate satisfactory results. In addition, the model estimations provided by this technique are very robust. In this context, the present research aims to review the literature regarding the articles published by the Journal of Cleaner Production that use this technique to analyze their results. Forty-five items were found. Of these articles, forty fit the requirements stipulated for this research. In view of the results obtained, it is possible to verify that developing countries present research with this technique. In addition, the number of publications using PLS-SEM has been increasing over the years. It is concluded that this is a promising technique, which has gained more adherence in recent years and is used with reasonable frequency in research focusing on sustainability.
Keywords: Structural Equation Modeling; PLS-SEM; Literature review.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Utilization of Lean Manufacturing Tools to Complement the Design for Environment for Reducing the Environmental Impact
PINTO JUNIOR, M. J. A. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: This paper explores the DfE (Design for Environment) as one of the environmental management practices and Lean Manufacturing. The proposal is to present how Lean tools can complement DfE tools in reducing environmental impact. Through literature search with the contribution of several authors on the theme, is analyzed that the Lean Manufacturing aims to improve the quality and productivity and the DfE is aimed at eco-efficiency, which prevents pollution and the degradation of the environment in product development and process. This relationship contributes to sustainable development suggesting the existence of an enabling environment for the realization of people's efforts to reduce waste: by eliminating these wastes, also eliminates part of the environmental problems because of the garbage accumulation and all contamination from him. A brief review of the literature on DfE and Lean Manufacturing is displayed showing their concepts, features and applications in support of waste reduction.
Keywords: Design for Environment, Lean Manufacturing, Tools
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Use of Sustainability tools to support Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
C. V. Viegas; P. M. Selig (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are practical studies settled by Brazilian laws in order to identify, forecast, avoid and/or mitigate potentially harmful effects of enterprises with significant pollution potentials. Although based on sustainability principles, the EIA is usually considered as imperfect in pointing out technological alternatives and assessments. This paper presents and discusses about some scientific tools available which could be used in the EIA elaboration aiming to reach stronger sustainability purposes.
Keywords: Sustainability, environmental impact assessment
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Utilization of Wood Industry Waste for Use in Small Solidarity Economic Enterprises
J. C. Barbosa, C. I. de Campos, J. S. Vasconcelos, V. A. de Araujo, M. K. Wakabayashi, J. P. Regli (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The increase of wastes availability generated by wood industries creates a problem for the
supply chain, because often, these wastes are deposited in inappropriate places
or are reused in the wrong way. This study aimed to design small wooden objects with the
approach of reusing lignocellulosic residue, form industrial processes. The objects produced
were a basket, a crumber and a support for portable personal computer. The proposal of use
wood wastes sought to add value for them, sustainability in the production process of the
product, beyond the environmental aspect, seeking to minimize the indiscriminate disposal of
wastes on the environment. The manufacturing of these products is simple and requires lowskilled
labor, a factor that promotes the generation of jobs and income for artisans in small
solidarity economic enterprises, as is the case of the partnership with the women joinery,
located in the rural settlement of Pirituba.
Keywords: Small objects, wood, reuse, industrial residues, solidarity economic enterprises
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Water Reuse at the context of the Industrial Ecology
F. M. G. Ribeiro; A. Vilela Junior (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The water reuse, which is practiced individually for the many industries, has limitation when it demands advanced treatment techniques, and produces residues which are difficult to dispose. At the context of the Industrial Ecology the reuse may have the possibility of enlarging the application, in doing so, the effluent from one industry can be used directly by another or by adopting a treatment process less sophisticated and compatible with the receiver’s necessities.
Keywords: Industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis, water reuse
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
The Widening Concept of "Cleaner Production"
HENS, L. (VITO - Belgium); CABELLO-ERAS, J. J. (CUC - Cuba/UCf - Cuba); GARCIA-LORENZO, D. (Ucf - Cuba); CHAMORO, C. (CUC - Cuba); HAESELDONCKX, D.; VANDECASTEELE, C. (KUL - Belgium)
|
Abstract: “Cleaner production “ (CP) emerged in the aftermath of the 1987 Brundtland Commission (WCED, 1987) and calls for less and more efficient energy and materials use and the substitution of more harmful products (for the environment and health) by less dangerous ones. Cleaner production was the reply of industry to the intersectorial and socio-economic call for sustainable development. The technical aims widened. Originally they were targeted to improve environmentally inferior products to less inferior ones. Today the goal is producing quality products using renewable energy efficiently and producing zero waste, while emitting no pollution. The perspective of the scope also changed from environmental sustainability to the wider “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR). This includes that post-modern companies have not only responsibilities on their economic performance and the environment, but should also act on issues including human rights and resources, business ethics, and community involvement. This widening of contents necessitates more and better adapted methods. During the past 45 years the number of assessment methods (preventing pollution and its effects) increased significantly from environmental aspects (EIA), over health (HIA) and policy aspects (SEA), to sustainability assessment, addressing not only environmental, but in an integrated way also social, economic, and ethical issues of the evaluation. This paper reviews this evolution of ideas. It provides not only the concepts, but is equally based on examples illustrating different aspects of this evolution. It acts as a guide towards contemporary CSR and advocates its support towards education and research.
Keywords: Cleaner production, corporate social responsibility, renewable energy
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Thermal Behaviour of Electrical Distribution Transformers Immersed in Natural Ester Fluids
TORREGROZA, M.I.; ARRIETA, E.M. (UNIFEI); SILVA, J.I. Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); FLOREZ, L.E. (GGroup Company - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Since the early 1990s, natural ester fluids have been developed as an alternative to the growing energy and environmental crisis that face the planet. Its main advantages in comparison with mineral oil are: they are biodegradable, they come from a renewable resource, and their safe operation due to their high flash point. However, their cost of acquisition, the few studies reported, that can support their long-term operational characteristics and short application times, are barriers that limit their massive implementation. This study presents a finite element method (FEM) analysis of the thermal behavior of an electrical distribution transformer using a natural ester fluid as dielectric liquid in a distribution transformer. Additionally, the study will be carried out in the same equipment using mineral oil and natural ester in order to compare results.
Keywords: Natural ester fluids, finite element method (FEM), thermal behavior, distribution transformers.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Thermal Comfort Assessment in an Educational Institution in Barranquilla
ROSALES-VILLA, D. E.; BALBIS-MOREJON, M.; FONTALVO-LASCANO, A. E. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Motivation, performance and learning velocity of students is influenced by thermal comfort, for this reason educational institutions have been investing in air conditioning equipments whit the consequent increase in power consumption. This trend is being accentuate in cities with tropical climates. Currently, standards such as ISO 7730, EN 15251, and ASHRAE 55 are being used to evaluate thermal comfort in existing buildings, to design air conditioning systems and establish parameters (operating temperature and comfort equations) in new buildings. Many comfort studies have been carried out in different climates and seasons around the world and differences have been found in the operating temperature interval that provides comfort, due to this is being recommended to conduct comfort studies in different climatic zones and educational entities to have different databases that allow having reliable comfort temperatures and revise the standards. The following work is intended to evaluate thermal comfort, using the ASHRAE 55 standard, in educational classrooms in the city of Barranquilla, specifically in the postgraduate building
Keywords: Thermal comfort, tropical climates, ASHRAE 55.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Thermic Curing Using Solar Heating and Water Spray
OESTREICH, A. M. E.; COSTA, C. L. P.; DURAN, A. P. F. A. (SENAI-RJ)
|
Abstract: The Center of Technologies SENAI for the Environment (Centro de Tecnologia SENAI Ambiental) developed
a
Cleaner Production Program in a cluster of concrete
blocks producers in Rio de Janeiro state, according United
Nations for Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) methodology, in a period between the end of 2011
and
beginning of 2012.
The cleaner production diagnosis identified as an opportunity of improvement the change of the curing
concrete
process used by most of the companies in the cluster. The proposed process improves their productivity
compared
to the process they normally use: dry curing at air
temperature. In the study developed in a company,
it was
proposed a change for concrete curing at higher temperature in a wet environment, based on reference methods.
The cleaner production project suggested the use of
rainwater and solar thermal system as a sustainable
alternative.
The cleaner production study includes the technical
and economic feasibility to keep the water temperature at
60°C and the internal air temperature at 50°C inside the curing chamber. During low solar radiation days, the
warming system must be kept using natural gas.
This option cans double the company productivity with high standards of quality in a more sustainable
process
than the conventional one which uses drinking water
and fossil combustible or electricity.
Keywords: Concrete Curing, Solar Heating, Productivity
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Thermodynamic and economic simulation of organic Rankine cycle coupled with natural gas stationary engines
FONTALVO-LASCANO, A. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); ROMERO, C. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); TEHERAN, O.; BARROS, P.; BALBIS-MOREJON, M.; SAGASTUME-GUTIÉRREZ, A. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Waste heat energy sources, such as stationary engines exhaust gases, are suitable for the energy generation via organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This document combines a thermodynamic simulation and an economic analysis of the performance of a Cummins stationary engine with an ORC as a bottoming cycle, by using different organic fluids. The maximum output power is less than 165 KW while the temperature of the heat source varies between 200 and 250°C. The studied working fluids, namely R245fa, R1233zd (E) and R1234ze (Z), are selected based on environmental, safety and thermal performance criteria. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and the Specific Investment Cost (SIC) for the maximum output power are presented. Results showed that R1233zd(E) achieves the highest net power output. R1233zde(E) increases net power production up to 9.3% and 165 kW, when it is compared to the stationary engine power output. Results also showed that R245fa is the fluid with the lowest net power production. R245fa increases net power production up to 8.3% and 148 kW, when it is compared to the stationary engine power output. Finally, results showed that thermal oil temperature of 200°C reduce the LCOE of ORC. R1233zd (E) is the most cost-effective fluid, with a LCOE value of 5.3 cents USD/kWh and an SIC value of 429 USD/kW.
Keywords: ORC, Waste heat, natural gas, organic Rankine cycle, exhaust gases.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
|
Thermogravimetric Analysis Of The Polyurethane Biodegradable Foam Of The Project Gasolimp Product As A Power Cogenerating Agent
J. C. V. Cortez (UFPB)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of tests made for analysis of combustion of substances that
remain impregnated in biodegradable polyurethane foam resulting from continued action of
the oil, after 35 days of use Gasolimp, project of a protective biodegradable foam product for
fuel pump and cogeneration Power, placed in an injection pump for gasoline during the
period February-March 2008, at a gas station in the city of João Pessoa – PB, Brazil. Our
main objective was to diagnose the thermogravimetric properties to assess the thermal
properties of a sample as a function of time or temperature. The thermogravimetry (TGA) is
a method used to determine the rate of decomposition of substances used in the application
of additives and organic material if you want to evaluate the thermal and oxidative stability
of these. The analysis of thermogravimetry were carried out LACOM (Laboratory research in
the area of fuels and materials) of the Federal University of Paraíba. This laboratory works in
the area of research of new materials (pigments, catalysts and photoluminescent materials),
production of biodiesel (babassu (native nut), soybean, corn, cotton, pine nuts gentle,
coconut oil, frying oil), among others. The laboratory has a thermogravimetric analysis,
brand TA Instruments, model SDT 2960, the rate of heating 20 ° C / min up to 600 º C. The
sample used was approximately 5.0 mg of platinum using a port in air atmosphere with 110
mL / min. The analysis of differential scanning calorimetry were performed in a differential
calorimeter exploratory pressurized, mark TA Instruments, DSC Model 2920 coupled to a unit
of pressure, the rate of heating of 10 ° C / min up to 600 º C. The mass of sample,
approximately 5.0 mg was placed in a door sample of platinum in oxygen atmosphere with
pressure of 1,400 kPa. The thermogravimetric analysis carried out showed very satisfactory
results on the content of combustion and burning of the sample, giving a residue amounting
to 3% depending on the mass diagnosed. It was found also in the analysis of PDSC that the
process of burning of biodegradable foam there was a release of energy of 5184 J / g. In
brief and conclusive, the results obtained by the TGA tests and differential scanning
calorimetry, demonstrated and proved that the Project of the Product Gasolimp as a power
cogenerating agent is highly viable.
Keywords: Combustion, power cogenerator, biodegradable polyurethane foam, hidrocarbonet.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Toxicity Identification in Textile Industry: Methodological Proposal for Cleaner Production
JERONIMO, R. A. S. (CPRH/UFRPE); MORAIS, M. M.; PAZ, Y. M.; HOLANDA, R. M. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: The TIE technique (Toxicity Identification Evaluation) allows to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of effluents from industries, the technique when applied allows to improve the quality of effluent decreasing contamination capacity. The Textile Industry has great potential polluter, then the application of TIE technique confirms that the activity has a cleaner production, seeking to reduce environmental impacts mainly for the bodies of water, helping to preserve this natural resource of high importance for the preservation of life helping with the possibility of increasing the reuse of water for at the end of the process will achieve an effluent with less contamination.
Keywords: Toxicity, Textile Industry, Cleaner Production
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Toward a Beneficial Sanitation
KROZER, Y. (University Twente-The Netherlands); KROZER, M. (Sustainable Innovations Academy-The Netherlands); VOS, T. (Brinkvos water BV-The Netherlands)
|
Abstract: Good sanitation for all is a major social and political challenge. Infrastructure for sanitation expanded in the last
two centuries entailing a highly performing but costly production system. Possibilities of cost-saving along with
social benefits through constructed wetland technologies are discussed with particular attention to the vertical flow
technology, which is a cost-effective option based on experiences in the Netherlands. Cost-saving and income
generating actions are presented based on examples across the world and brainstorming technique.
Keywords: Sanitation, constructed wetland, costs, income
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Towards a Cleaner Vehicle Fleet: the Dynamics of the Swedish Biofuel System
SANCHES-PEREIRA, A.; GÓMEZ, M. F. (KTH Royal institute of Technology-Sweden)
|
Abstract: The study’s overall objective is to present how the
development of the Swedish biofuels system impacts
the
achievement of the European Union’s target of 10% of renewable fuels in transport by 2020 and the establishment
of a vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels by 2030. The methodological approach is based on a combination of
forecasting and backcasting scenarios. This cross-analysis is used to relate one set of data with others in order to
identify gaps between the potential energy use in the Swedish domestic transport sector with the country’s desired
targets. Our analysis shows three gaps related to i)
infrastructure and management capabilities for local biofuel
production, ii) policy instruments to trigger systemic changes to reduce dependence of imports, and ii
i) investment
decisions. In order to bridge those gaps, policymakers have to decide on how to steer the system’s development
not only by combining different pathways between different growth patterns of the Swedish biofuel system but
also deciding either to apply supply or demand pressures onto the system as driving forces. These choices have to
be taken in a very short-run in order to shape the
development of the Swedish biofuel system away of failing the target of establishing a vehicle fleet independent
of fossil fuels by 2030.
Keywords: Biofuels, bioenergy systems, transport sector, Sweden.
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Towards a More Sustainable Passenger Transport: Management of Disutility Related to Environmental Impacts
RAYMUNDO, H. (UNIP/ANTP); REIS, J. G. M. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Passenger Transport (PT) imposes disadvantages (disutilities) to its users. One of these disutilities is the environmental impact caused by greenhouse gases emissions from PT vehicles, specifically CO2, the main cause of global warming. This paper aims to show ways to manage this disutility, drawing from Brazilian experience, using two freely available planning tools: (i) reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels in Public Transport vehicles by the substitution of buses, and (ii) changes of modal-split (modal share).
Keywords: passenger transport, disutilities, management of environmental impacts, public transport, modal-split
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Training in Cleaner Production Company in the Furniture Sector in the State of Alagoas
SOUSA, S. (IFAL/UFBA); CÉSAR, S. F.; KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Environmental management has assumed a prominent position on the concerns of society, making people rethink their attitudes towards the environment. In business, the concern with the production processes has great importance. It is assumed that the key to sustainable development lies in the implementation of programs aiming to empower your employees so they can contribute to the preservation of nature and the implementation of a management focused on social and environmental needs, reinforcing the concern for the environment. Given this context, the objective of the research is to develop training tool with the Cleaner Production (CP), given its importance in a possible organizational culture change process. The training tool will focus on employees of small companies in the furniture sector in the State of Alagoas, now structured as Local Productive Arrangement (APL), with approximately 300 Micro and Small Enterprises. The methodology adopted for this research is qualitative in nature. Armed with data from non-participant observation, as well as those obtained after questionnaires, farthere will be a tabulation of the data as the basis for creating the training tool. The instrument created should be tested in company of the furniture sector in the State of Alagoas. The research project is part of the Industrial Engineering Program at Federal University of Bahia - PEI / UFBA, aiming to obtain a Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering from one of the authors.
Keywords: Cleaner Production, clean technology, training, micro and small enterprises, furniture sector
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Transaction Costs in Environmental Purchasing: Analysis Through Two Case Studies
CAMPOS, J. G. F.; MELLO, A. M. A.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The concern about corporate environmental performance has progressively extended the scope from the company to embrace its supply chain. Thus, supply chain management (SCM) has been adjusting itself to the so-called Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), for which the environmental purchasing has been one of its most significant elements. By doing so, companies adopt additional criteria for evaluating suppliers, which, as argued, generates additional transaction costs. From the SCM theoretical basis and their specificities regarding GSCM, and looking through the analytical lenses of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), this article aims to discuss the transaction costs involved in the supplier selection process with the environmental purchasing approach. As a result, the research contributes to further develop the discussion on the application of TCE within the GSCM, developing and analyzing, in the light of two cases, six propositions that relate the environmental purchasing with transaction costs.
Keywords: Green supply chain management (GSCM), Environmental purchasing, Transaction cost economics (TCE), Supplier selection
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Transforming an Industrial District into an Ecological Industrial Park: A Methodological Proposal
TRAMA, C. P.; MAGRINI, A. (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: The Industrial Ecology (IE), by its principles and instruments, such as Industrial Symbiosis (IS) and Ecological Industrial Park (EIP), enables the connection of productive activities and the acquisition of environmental, social and economic benefits. In the scope of IE and the operation of Industrial Districts (IDs), this article aims to present a methodology for the transformation of an ID into an EIP. Initially, a synthesis of the concepts of IE, IS and EIP is presented. Then, the methodology proposed for the transformation of an ID into an EIP is described, structured in the evaluation of the potential of enterprises of an ID to compose an EIP and in the proposition of suitable scenarios for the conversion of the district into an EIP. By way of validation, the proposed methodology is applied to the José Vieira de Mendonça Industrial District, located in the Municipality of Vespasiano, Minas Gerais state (MG). It is noticed that the methodological proposal presented here for the conversion of IDs into EIPs, while announces itself as gradual and inspiring of an IE culture’s establishment in the scope of IDs, allows the integrated and collaborative incorporation of sustainability practices into its operation, which can result in gains both for the district itself and for the environments where it is located.
Keywords: Industrial Ecology, Ecological Industrial Park, Industrial Symbiosis, Industrial District, Brazil
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Treating Input Data Uncertainty in LCA: Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Approaches
SANTOS, T. B.; ARRUDA, J. R. F. (UNICAMP); BRISSAUD, D. (Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble-France)
|
Abstract: This work aims at discussing the differences between Monte Carlo method and Fuzzy data sets approaches
when
dealing with input data uncertainty in LCA models.
Input data variation is treated in most LCA studies
considering
uncertainties because practitioners do not have the
necessary specific data for the case study or even
because the
available data has a characteristic variation. In this work the probabilistic and the possibilistic approaches are
detailed discussed and the probability density function and the membership function curves of the respective
results are compared, through the application of both methods in a simple case study. It consists of two materials
mainly composed of recycled cotton fibers used as acoustic barriers in automotive vehicles: DL (Dual Layer) and
ABA (Absorption, Barrier, Absorption). The Monte Carlo Method was applied through SimaPro® . The lognormal
probability density function adapted to the result
data showed that DL material is more impacting then
the ABA
one in the Acidification category, however in the P
hotochemical Oxidation category, there is an intersection
between the curves and in this interval there is a
chance of both materials to be the most harmful for
the
environment. The same results were observed through
the membership functions of these impact categories when
applying the Fuzzy data sets approach; therefore, probabilistic and possibilistic approaches were validated for the
treatment of input data uncertainty in LCA models and they can be useful tools for LCA practitioners.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Input data uncertainty, Monte Carlo Method, Fuzzy data sets
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Physical-Chemical and Advanced Oxidation Processes
J. C. Tosato Jr, M. R. T. Halasz (FAACZ)
|
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the performance of three techniques for the treatment of textile
effluents, specifically the coagulation / sedimentation, ozonation and Fenton applied alone, and
the application of oxidative processes after the physical and chemical treatment. We checked the
effects of the treatments used in the removal of concentrations of the parameters color, BOD,
settleable solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and turbidity. The results show
that all forms of treatment achieved the standards for release in the receptor, whereas,
maximum reductions were achieved after treatment with coagulation / sedimentation followed
by ozonation, they are: 94.39% for settleable solids, 93.5% for total dissolved solids, settleable
solids to 97.5%, 78.1% for COD, 67.5% for BOD, 98.3% to 96.6% for turbidity and apparent
color. Based on these results, the use of advanced oxidation processes for treatment of textile
effluents is justified by the potential removal of the parameters studied as a function of time,providing economic and environmental gains for the industry.
Keywords: Textile wastewater, ozonation, fenton, coagulation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Trends for use Niobium in the Sector of Microelectronics
BREJÃO, A. S.; MORAES, M. O.; VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The economic management and production, in the semiconductor industry, can give the companies in sector microelectronic opportunities to be more competitive. To be competitive, business management requires planning, research, developing manufacturing processes, especially in technology. New models of production and the increase in technologies are becoming more specialized to industries of microelectronics sectors increasing the added value to the product and / or process. The increase of these processes and improved and strategically welldefined production projects may provide greater technical advantage. Recent research points to the development of alternative materials for the production of semiconductors such as niobium, in replacement of silicon, which due to its property of high tolerance to extreme temperatures can significantly increase processing speed, converging to a revolution in technology computational.
Keywords: Semiconductor, superconductivity, silicon, niobium
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Tunnels and Non-Destructive Methods of Multi-Utility: Benefits for the Sustainability of the Networks of Urban Infrastructure
E. L. de Oliveira, M. T. Salles (UFF)
|
Abstract: This paper aims at addressing the constructive processes of underground networks
and urban infrastructure from the perspective of sustainability. The methodology is
based on analyzing the most common methods that are digging the tunnels and
non-destructive multi-utility. From the study of the methods separately is a
comparative analysis that results in the profile within each aspect of sustainability.
The conclusion can be reached after this study is of how much still needs to be
done in the construction sector so that it incorporates the concepts of sustainability.
Keywords: Urban infrastructure, underground, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Undergraduate Student Understanding of Green Chemistry Concept
V. S. Antonin, A. C. Morashashi (UFABC), G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM)
|
Abstract: The teaching module introduction to Green and sustainable chemistry was given for the first
time at the Universidade Federal do ABC during the 3rd academic term of 2009. With the aim
of mapping the students understanding of the subject before and after the learning process,
a questionnaire with 8 questions was applied. The questionnaires were distributed to the
students of two classes (daytime and nighttime). It was observed that the module was
efficient in the sense that the students were able to increase (or initiate) their knowledge of
the area. It was also verified that there was a need to increase awareness of Green and
Sustainable chemistry in academic circles and to educate professionals in the private sector
in the area.
Keywords: Green chemistry, sustainable chemistry, Life Cicle Analysis, industrial ecology
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Understanding the Reverse Chain Structure of the Glass Bottles in São Paulo
TORRES, A. F. R.; GONÇALVES-DIAS, S. L. F. (USP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The study analyzes the structure of glass bottles reverse logistics in Sao Paulo city, using the decision framework proposed by de Brito e Dekker (2002) outlining the questions how, why and what reverse logistics happen. The study used primary and secondary data to construct the scheme of the structure and understand the operational of the dynamic. There are multiple stakeholders, highlighting the big presence of the informal sector represented by the waste pickers organizations and the bottle pickers. There are additional elements present in some glass bottles, that are not projected to disassembly and are considered as impurities by the customers. The removal of such elements makes the pre-processing more difficult. In brazil, there are enough instruments to regulate the responsibilities of the manufacturers, distributors and merchants. We outline that the main barriers of the reverse logistics in the case of the glass are due to little cover of the selective waste collection, the laborious handling and pre-processing stages and the lack of economic incentives for the glass recycling market.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, post-consumer package, glass, recycle
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
University-Industry Interaction on Cleaner Production. The Case of the Cleaner Production Center at the University of Cienfuegos (Cuba)
CABELLO ERAS, J. J.; SAGASTUME GUTIÉREZ, A. A.; GARCIA LORENZO, D. A.; COGOLLOS MARTINEZ, J. B. (University of Cienfuegos, Cuba); HENS, L. B. (VITO, Belgium); VANDECASTEELE, C. C. (University of Leuven, Belgium)
|
Abstract: Universities are key stakeholders in teaching, researching and supporting the implementation of cleaner production activities. This case study discusses the experience of establishing and operating the Cleaner Production Center at the University of Cienfuegos (Cuba). Establishing, starting-up and running the center during its first four years of activity was supported by two projects targeted to inter-university cooperation. The collaboration allowed to establish a master program on cleaner production which acts as a bridge between the university, and the production industry and the services sector in the province of Cienfuegos. Currently 32 students from the first two promotions graduated and the program of two other promotions is ongoing. The master thesis research works are defined improving the environmental performance of the companies or organizations the student originate from. This results in a measurable improvement of the air and surface water quality in Cienfuegos city. An estimated yearly reduction of the emission of 60 000 ton of carbon dioxide equivalents and of 400 MWh at a cement plant have been realized. Research activities currently target the pollution inventory of Cienfuegos, energy production from local biomass, and establishing indicators for sustainable development for Cienfuegos. The inter-university collaboration resulted in several publications in international peer reviewed journals. The successful inter-university North-South collaboration between Cuba and Belgium, targeted at capacity building, transfer of experience and expertise, proved to be most crucial during these first years the center was active. It allowed generating the necessary funds which are often difficult to raise in developing countries. Therefore this is a unique case of building academic experience on Cleaner Production.
Keywords: Cleaner production center, inter-university cooperation, master training, research
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Untying the Need for Fossil Fuels: The Role of Brazil in Building a Greener Energy Matrix
V. B. Matijascic, D. M. Medeiros (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to discuss how Brazil has invested in diversification of its energy
matrix to support the diplomatic discourse, in recent years, that defended new and less
polluting resources over the current global energy paradigm that is based on the use of oil.
In this way, we will analyze the latest available data provided by the government agencies
and we will confront this information to the use of few clean resources explored in the
country. We concluded that Brazil still has a framework of energy dependence. However, we
believe that Brazilian diplomacy played the main role of encouraging other countries to think
about alternative possibilities to the current energy paradigm taking into account their
possible contribution to reduce greenhouse effect and to reduce damage to the
environmental impact on the globe.
Keywords: Energy matrix, Brazil, renewable resources, diplomacy
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Upcycling in the Fashion Segment: Case Study at Recollection Lab
LUCIETTI, T. J.; RAMOS, M. D. S.; SORATTO, R. B. TRIERWEILLER, A. C. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The short life cycle of a fashion product has been a major environmental problem. From the raw material to the disposal several environmental impacts are generated, seeking a minimization of these problems brands with the concept of upcycling are emerging. What would have as destiny the trash becomes becoming the object of desire of many consumers. In this study, we focus on sustainability in fashion, as well as a brief case study of the Recollection Lab brand, and how reuse of discarded pieces served as a raw material for the emergence of a new niche in fashion that is: upcycling.
Keywords: Fashion design, sustainability, upcycling, conscious consumption
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Urbanistic-Environmental Regularization of Anthropic Occupation in Water Source Protection Area of the Billings dam: A Public Policy Proposal
L. C. Ribas; R. T. F. Cagini (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Properties located in water source protection areas, in spite of the severe restrictions and expressive environmental attributes, are several times object of irregular anthropic occupations for housing purposes. In this study, an area around the Billings dam was analyzed, where in 1996, occurred a deforesting for the irregular implementation of land parceling. Once occupied, the reversal of the environmental and urbanistic impacts of such areas of water source protection is somewhat complex, difficult, time-consuming and practically unfeasible. Any way, attempts were made for this purpose without reaching a final and satisfactory success. At the end, this legal adjudication did not come into effect and, in addition, not only streets were opened but also additional deforesting, land locations were identified and the area was even fenced. The unique alternative was its urbanistic-environmental regulation. The Department of Metropolitan Ground Usage, of the Environment State Department, submitted technical guidelines for regulation of the area, however, the owners have applied for an appeal, postponing the regulation process. New technical inspections were undertaken and the environmental problems increased. The number of technical recommendations also increased for regulation of the area. The present study tried to indicate guidelines aiming at a public policy for urbanistic and environmental regulation of similar cases as well as the elimination of urbanistic and environmental liabilities already accumulated in the Billings dam water source protection area. Environmental compensation measures were also suggested as an alternative to the indemnifying scope of the Department of Justice of the State of São Paulo, such as for example, donation to the Public Institutions of land located in Areas with Occupation Restriction, of other areas indicated by the authorities as priorities to assure preservation of the water source, creation of a Conservation Unity and/or environmental recovery of areas located in the Billings hydrographic basin.
Keywords: Occupation, anthropic, irregular, Water Source Protection Area, Billings dam, urbanistic-environmental regulation
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Use of Cleaner Production Techniques to Recovery of the Soils and Reuse of the Sewage
K. C. Passarini, T. M. F. Brito, S. M. Levy, R. M. Vanalle (UNINOVE), E. B. Tambourgi (UNICAMP), J. C. C. Santana (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: In this study is reported a methodology for reusing of the construction building waste (CBW)
in agriculture, to better of the degraded soil, thus contributing with the waste decreasing,
material extraction and inadequate disposal of these waste. It used a layer of construction
building waste for treatment of sewage collected of the Station of Sewage Treatment of
SANASA from Campinas (Brazil) was treated by decantation process, using as the
precipitating agent a compound obtained from construction building waste. For humus
production the sludge from decantation process was mixed to the degraded soil and after 15
days maize seeds were germinated. The liquid from sewage was also treated by
microfiltration to obtain the reuse water and applying in the irrigation. The best condition of
humus production was evaluated by factorial planning and response surface methodology.
Results had proven to improve in soil fertility by using humus produced from sludge
composed of a mixture of crushed construction waste and raw sewage, as well as irrigation
using treated sewage water is possible.
Keywords: Reuse, sewage, construction building waste, humus, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Use of Experimental Design in the Study of Water Absorption of Ceramic Incorporated with Red Mud
BABISK, M. P. (UENF); BUROCK, I. P. (UFES); RIBEIRO, L. S. (UENF); PRADO, U. S. (Lining - Repr. Consult. & Projetos Ltda); MONTEIRO, S. N. (Instituto Militar de Engenharia - RJ); VIEIRA, C. M. F. (UENF)
|
Abstract: During the processes of alumina processing, in the Bayer process, an insoluble residue known as red mud is generated. The incorporation of industrial waste in ceramics has been widely used today in the search for alternative raw materials, and also seeking an environmentally correct disposal of waste that pollute.The objective of this work was to use experimental design to study water absorption in ceramic incorporated with red mud. Experimental points were used, whose contents of the materials used varied from 0 to 100%, and the formulations fired at 950°C, the dry density of the raw materials and linear shrinkage of the compositions were also investigated. The green clay and the mixtures containing the highest percentages of the same presented lower values of water absorption and linear shrinkage of firing. The mathematical model that fitted the most was the special cubic. The results obtained in the planning of mixtures show that for the three experimental regions proposed, the special cubic model was the one that most adjusted to the real results, and that this is statistically the best mathematical model and should be used to evaluate the water absorption.
Keywords: Red mud, red ceramic, residue, experimental design
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Use of Red Mud Activated at Different Temperatures as a Low Cost Adsorbent of Reactive Dye
ANTUNES, M. L. P.; CONCEIÇÃO, F. T.; NAVARRO, G. R. B.; FERNANDES, A. M.; DURRANT, S. F. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The bauxite refine residue (Red Mud) is an important waste generated in the aluminum production, and its reuse should be used as a low-cost adsorbent in environmental remediation and industrial effluent treatment, including the reactive blue 19 dye (RB19) used in the textile industry. This study aimed to investigate the thermal treated influence on adsorption of RB19 by red mud, comparing with adsorption capacity of natural red mud. Thermal treatment results in a greater surface area, which results in an increased adsorption capacity due to more available adsorption sites. Adsorption of RB 19 has been found to be best achieved in acidic conditions using red mud heated to 500ºC, with an adsorption capacity of 416 mg g-1 compared to 357 mg g-1 for untreated red mud. Sodalite can be the main phase related to the adsorption capacity of RB19 on natural and thermal treated red mud. However, with the increase in temperature, there is a partial decomposition of this mineral phase, being this fact responsible for the lowest qm values observed in RM800 (337 mg g-1 ).
Keywords: Red Mud, Reactive dye adsorption, Isotherms models, Environmental Management
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Use of Red Mud Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide and Activated by Heat Treatment as a Means Adsorption of the Dye Reactive Blue 19
K. C. Souza, M. L. P. Antunes (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The effluents generated by textile industries have an undesirable level of staining due to the
dyeing step, leading to changes in water quality resulting in harmful effects to the environment.
Adsorption is a technique that has been used successfully in the treatment of textile effluents,
but due to the high cost of some conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon, research has
been directed to the use of alternative low cost adsorbents. Among the materials with great
potential adsorbent that may be used instead of activated charcoal is the red mud, a waste
generated on a large scale in the manufacturing process of aluminum. As a result, the objective
of this study was to use the red mud activated by chemical treatment by hydrogen peroxide and
heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ° C as a means adsorption of the dye Reactive Blue 19.
Through the model of Langmuir was possible to obtain the adsorption capacity of red mud of
approximately 192.3 mg / g, and can thus be concluded that the conditions used in the
adsorption process were appropriate and conducive to the removal of the dye in aqueous
solution, and that the red mud when activated by heat and chemical treatment is presented as
an alternative adsorbent and low cost.
Keywords: Red mud, dye, adsorption, isotherm
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Use of Residual Material from the Manufacture of Ceramic Bricks as an Alternative to Improve Soils of High Plasticity Clays
GALLARDO, R. J.; MARTINEZ, C. A.; MUÑOZ, A. A. (Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña - Colombia)
|
Abstract: At 2017 Colombia produced an estimated 350,000 tons of bricks per month, the manufacturing process of this product, in addition to generating large amounts of pollution, has a certain percentage of waste, which varies with respect to the level of technification of the brick factory, this Residue in general constitutes an environmental liability and the objective of this work was to study the implementation of the crushed waste from brick manufacturing, as a stabilizing agent of clay soils of high plasticity. The physical and mechanical properties of the waste material were studied, when it was included in the soil mass in proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight, the results indicated a considerable increase in soil resistance, expressed in the value of the soil. CBR that went from 6.7% in natural state to 12.7% for the mixture of 15%, and a reduction in the plasticity index of 23.18% with respect to the natural condition. These values indicate that the use of waste material for the stabilization of soil with problems associated with high plasticity, constitute a viable and environmentally friendly alternative.
Keywords: Residue, Alternative material, Plasticity, Stabilization, Ceramic brick.
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Use of Solid Waste in the Cleaner Production of Soli Bricks Cement: Physical and Mechanical Characterization
PAIXÃO, R. M.; DA SILVA, J. R. R.; AQUOTTI, N. C. F.; DA SILVA, P. S.; LIZAMA, M. A. P.; ANDREAZZI, M. A.; GONÇALVES, J. E. (UNICESUMAR)
|
Abstract: The use of ethanol and sugar industry waste and the furniture industry waste in the manufacture of soil-cement bricks is an environmentally sustainable alternative that preserves non-renewable resources and enables the recovery of such waste, instead of simply throwing them in nature. In addition, soil-cement bricks do not go through the cooking process, avoiding deforestation and consequently air pollution. In this paper, we analyzed the influence of the addition of sugarcane bagasse ash and sawdust on the physical and mechanical characteristics of soil-cement brick. The bricks were molded and pressed, using percentages of 35% of sandy and clay soil, cement and sugarcane bagasse ash ranging from 10-30% and 10% of sawdust, all compared to the mass of the resulting mixing soil-cement-recycled . The results showed that the incorporation of recycled waste (sugarcane bagasse ash and sawdust) to the soil-cement brick remained the mechanical properties, enabling cost reduction and production of best quality pressed bricks, becoming thus, an excellent alternative to the use of these materials.
Keywords: Brick soil-cement-recycled, Sugarcane bagasse ash, Sawdust, Environmental reuse
[Abstract] [Paper in Spanish]
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Use of Vermiculite Coated with Chitosan as an Agent Adsorbent Synthetic Ions of Lead (Pb++)
A. P. O. da Silva, J. L. S. Melo, J. V. de Melo (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Vermiculite and chitosan have been used as adsorbent materials of low cost, because they
present good characteristics for removal of heavy metals. This work presents a study of
removal of lead ions (II) by clay vermiculite coated with chitosan, previously characterized
by scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The results showed that the removal capacity of
Pb++ by vermiculite was, on average, 88.4% for synthetic wastewater with concentrations
ranging from 1000 mg / L.
Keywords: Vermiculite, chitosan, heavy metals, adsorption
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Use of Waste Processing Sheet Laminated Bamboo Blended for Platemaking
KRAVCHENKO, G. A.(PUC-GO/UFG); FERREIRA, E. M. (UFG); PASQUALETTO, A. (IFGOIAS)
|
Abstract: The clean production technologies are useful tools
for environmental management of waste, minimizing the
aspects generating negative impacts on the environment. The bamboo has properties relevant to the manufacture
of products, enables the replacement of conventional wood in various applications and can all be used.
The
byproduct resulting from its processing as chips and sawdust, can be used for the production of particleboard. This
work provides a research for developing sheets of bamboo blended using waste collected by exhaust coupled to a conventional four-sided planing machine used in woodworking responsible for the standardization of bamboo slats
during manufacturing laminated bamboo. To prove the
workability of the plate recomposed developed, tests were
performed in a practical joinery using conventional
operations: radial cutting circular saw, planer trowel,
Thicknesser planer, circular sizing, drill, router,
sander and still test aquarium, where observed hydrophobicity of
the adhesives used. The results demonstrated the ability to be applied in construction, in home furnishings,
packaging and furniture industries, as well as reducing the volume of solid waste disposed in the environment.
Keywords: Remains of bamboo, environmental management, cleaner production, recycling, solid waste.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Used Cooking Oil Recycling: a Contribution to Increase the Process Productivity
O. S. R. Pitta Junior (FATEC - Santos-SP); M. S. Nogueira Neto; J. B. Sacomano; J. L. A. Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The increasing importance of the environmental preservation and the incessant search for
competitive advantages between the companies shows us the evident relevance of the
reverse logistics evaluation about the cooking oil. This article explores the methods applied
by some used cooking oil collectors organizations, the problems found out by oil consumers
when throwing it out and the initiatives of the legislative power in laws creation about the
return of the discard, focusing on understanding the reasons why sometimes the residue is
not being gathered in great scale and returned to the productive cycle.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, cooking oil, recycling, competitive advantage
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Using the Method Adapted TRIZ as a Tool to Support the Implementation of Cleaner Production
OLIVEIRA, J. M.; SOUTO, L. B.; TORRES, M. S. (SENAI-RS)
|
Abstract: This work reports the experience of applying the TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) adapted method as a
support tool to Cleaner Production Program (CP) implementation. The focused CP implementation case study was
carried out in a company that manufactures toys and industrial components. As the CP methodology does
not
utilize any specific tool for the formulation of solutions to the prioritized cases, it was proposed to apply the TRIZ
adapted method. This tool showed efficacious inasmuch as it allows an approach on the organization's
improvement opportunities in an unconventional form
at, bringing greater freedom for the development of
creative
ideas and solutions, as a result of a broader evaluation of the problematic situation. The waste generation
reduction results and the consequent decrease in costs after CP implementation aided by the TRIZ adapted
method showed satisfactory, leading to a positive evaluation of this experience.
Keywords: Cleaner production, TRIZ, problem solving, rotational molding
|
Using the simulation of Cleaner Production Methodology for minimization of Volatile Organic Products emissions in Printing Industry
M. B. P. dos Santos; F. P. Canesin (UFF)
|
Abstract: The main purpose of this essay was to simulate the application of the methodology of Cleaner Production in the printing sector of a Graphic Industry, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, for the minimization of the emission of organic volatile products. The Cleaner Production program was implemented during a 6 months period, consisting of phases and steps which were established by UNEP. The present study used data of the production of Folder/Sheets, color 1/0, size A4, with a production of 25000 sheets, three times a week, using an Aurélia 500 Bi printer. Environmental diagnosis of the process showed several opportunities of improvement by changing technology and substituting the raw materials. A mass balance simulation showed significant reductions in emissions of volatile organic products (90%). The obstacles found in this study were based on lack of budgetary forecast implementation of these changes; an organizational culture not fully directed toward the efficient use of the resources and the difficulty in the implantation of projects that generate expenditure increase.
Keywords: Cleaner production, graphic, atmosphere emissions
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Utilization of Energy in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
G. F. da Silva, C. M. V. B. de Almeida (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In developing countries the landfills stand out as a way for final disposition of the urban solid
waste by showing the lower cost and the engineering techniques that aim the minimization of
the impacts to the public and environmental health. In this sense, this study makes the emergy
synthesis of a landfill in the city of São Paulo. That has a project of environmental compensation
and electric energy generation by burning biogas. The total emergy of the system equals
1,22x10e+20 sej. And the specifc emergy of the USW are equivalent to 8,36x10e+11 sej/m³ and
transformity of the electric energy that was produced is 4,67x10e+3 sej/J.
Keywords: Emergy, landfill, biogas, environmental
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Utilization of Glass Wool Waste in Gypsum Board
ANTUNES, M. L. P.; PIERONI, B. B. V. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Nowadays, the industrial and world`s consumption of
products growth becomes increasingly necessary to
developnew alternatives for the reuse of materials. The glass wool, by their physical and chemical properties
is one of the
most traditional thermal and acoustic insulation used in the world. When generated as waste in an industry of
acoustic materials, the final destination most common is the disposal in landfills. The present study
aimed to
propose alternatives for final allocations of glass
wool. In order to characterize the material was held wettability
test and measured and the apparent density. The waste is hydrophilic. The incorporation of this waste
in gypsum
boards can be used to produce a material that improves the sound insulation property, and an option for reuse
than reducing waste disposal.
Keywords: Glass wool, gypsum board, waste
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Utilization of Kaolin Residue fir Plasma-Assisted Electrolytic Oxidation in Aluminum Alloy 5052
PÁLINKÁS, F. B. S. M.; ANTUNES, M. L. P. (UNESP); SOUZA, J. A. S. (UFPA); CRUZ, N. C.; RANGEL, E. C. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Kaolin is a mineral widely exploited in the national and international trade for various industrial purposes especially for bleaching and paper filler. The kaolin processing process generates 500 thousand tons of annual residue. Residue is usually disposed of in hills and can cause environmental damage such as contamination of water and soil, as well as changes in the natural landscape. Aiming at the valorization of the kaolin residue, this work proposes its use in the production of protective coatings in aluminum alloy by the technique of electrolytic oxidation assisted by plasma (PEO) and evaluation of the characteristics of the coatings obtained. PEO is the name given to the technique for treating metal surfaces similar to anodizing, but combined with the atmospheric plasma technique. In this work, coatings on 5052 aluminum alloy substrates were produced by PEO using electrolytic solution of 5 g/L kaolin residue, the time of deposition being varied in 5, 10 and 15 minutes, in order to investigate the Properties of the coatings obtained under these conditions. The coatings were evaluated for their thickness, chemical and mineral composition, wettability, roughness and morphology. In this way a rough and hydrophilic coating was produced, whose morphology is characterized by pores and regions of coalescence. The elemental chemical composition of these coatings shows Al, Si, O and Mg, elements present in the aluminum alloy and in the electrolytic solution. This coating is composed of ceramic material and presents crystalline structure corresponding to alumina. For a longer deposition time (15 minutes) a crystalline structure corresponding to mullite is also formed. These compounds are characterized by good chemical stability, high refractoriness and ability to withstand high temperatures, allowing their use in the development of new materials technologies.
Keywords: Kaolin, kaolin residue, electrolytic plasma, ceramic coating
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Valorization of Solid residues: egg shell as raw material to new products development
D. A. Oliveira; P. Benelli; E. R. Amante (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Chicken egg is very used in food industries, due to its technological properties. The
industrialization produces an expressive quantity of shells, being yet considered as
waste, especially destined to agriculture. Egg shell has a rich composition in
minerals that can be the basis to several industries. Beside this advantage, it is not
valued. This work have the objective of joint information’s on technological
potentialities of minerals and protein membrane of the chicken egg shells, that until
this time are non appropriately used; as well analyze the economical viability of
implantation of industries enable of this residues processing, increasing its value
and giving some idea of the environmental impact generated from this suggested
process.
Keywords: Chicken eggs, calcium carbonate, protein hydrolyzed, protein hydrolyzed, wastes valorization
[Abstract] [Paper in Portugese]
|
Vehicle Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GEE) in Automotive Diesel Powered
MELO JUNIOR, A. S (USP/UNIP); GATTI, L. (USP); FERREIRA, P. G.; FRUGOLI, A. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The study of the emission of greenhouse gases(GEE)
in the atmosphere is of fundamental importance
due to global climate change and its consequences for ecosystems. Studies involving vehicular
emissions are of great importance due to its role in GEE emissions. The aim of the research was to
determine the emission of major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4
and N2O) in the diesel fleet. For this, we
studied three Diesel-powered vehicles for emission
test on the dynamometer LACTEC in Curitiba. Were
tested vehicles manufactured in 2003, 2007 and 2008.
.
Keywords: Greenhouse gases, vehicular pollution, methane, atmospheric pollution.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Verification of the applicability of organic fertilizer, obtained in the composting and biodigestion processes, in the production of American lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
SILVA, C. (IFPR - Brazil); CARVALHO, J. V. C. (UFMG - Brazil); DELAI, V. M.; DIAS, A. B.; ROCHA, S. A.; SILVA, L. K. (IFPR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: In Brazil, there is a lack of consolidated initiatives for the recovery and recovery of the organic fraction, which has an overload in the final disposal systems, which receive approximately 71.34 million tons per year, of which 12.4 million tons are still are deposited in dumps, the worst form of possible destination and daily source of environmental pollution, causing several health problems. Organic waste has the characteristic that it can be recycled through composting or biodigestion, at any scale, from the domestic to the industrial, providing an environmentally appropriate, low-cost and easily used organic waste disposal destination for the population and obtaining of a high quality organic compound. The present work has the objective of verifying the applicability of organic fertilizer, obtained in the composting and biodigestion processes, in lettuce production (Lactuca sativa L.). The food residues used in the production of organic fertilizer were collected at the Federal Institute of Paraná, Umuarama Campus. The organic matter was submitted to the recycling processes via composting and via biodigestion. The organic fertilizers obtained were applied in the production of lettuce, in experimental beds, under controlled environment, under greenhouse conditions. The parameters used for lettuce growth analysis were: number of leaves, height (cm), fresh mass (g) and dry mass (g). The biofertilizer performed efficiently on lettuce growth, presenting the most significant mean values for leaves, height and fresh mass, which were, respectively, 14.33 ± 2.31, 19 , 67 ± 1.76cm and 57.97 ± 4.10g. For lettuce with compound insertion in the soil, the growth was impaired by the high pH of the soil. However, recycling of organic waste contributes to the reduction and disposal of organic matter with high contaminant potential. The management of this waste meets the objectives of sustainable development, contributing to the achievement of sustainable cities, responsible consumption and production.
Keywords: Composting, biodigestion, food waste, organic fertilizer.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Verification of Applicability of the Adhesive of Castor Oil in the Manufacture of Glued Laminated Bamboo
VENTURA, F. C. (UNESP/FATEC); RAMOS, B. P. F.; PEREIRA, M. A. R. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The current concern with the environment promotes the development of new technologies for production with use
of alternative materials, from renewable resources,
and changes in production processes, having as main objective
the reduction of environmental impact. One of the alternatives for Cleaner Production is the use of castor oil
derivatives instead of non-renewable sources, such
as adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate (PVA), applied in the
manufacturing process of Glued Laminated Bamboo. Based on the versatility of the bamboo laminate and the
castor oil, and from the perspective of sustainability, this study aims to contribute to the application of new
materials and processes, used in the manufacturing
industry, by proposing the use of the oil castor adhesive
for
Glued Laminated Bamboo manufacturing, which can later be used in the manufacture of several products.
To
verify the applicability of the castor oil adhesive
in the Glued Laminated Bamboo manufacture, mechanical tests of
traction and shearing of the glue sheet were performed in specimens of the said material, and the results
compared with the Cascorez 2590 and Waterbond adhesives. The results showed that the castor oil adhesive, in
the traction test, has superior performance than the Waterbond adhesive and slightly below than the Cascorez
2590 adhesive, but in the shear test, the castor oil adhesive presented a slightly inferior performance than the
other two adhesives used in the comparison.
Keywords: Design, castor oil, glued laminated bamboo, sustainable development, PVA adhesives
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Verification of Outcomes from Carbon Market Under the Solid Waste Sector
CRUZ, S. R. S. (UNICAMP); PAULINO, S. R.; PAIVA, D. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: The paper addresses the verification of outcomes from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in landfills. Our research focuses on the São Paulo Metropolitan Area and outlines six CDM projects: Bandeirantes, São João, Caieiras, Itapevi, Pedreira, and Lara. 23 indicators are proposed, organized in the social and environmental dimensions.The process of construction of indicators was participatory, taking into account also the validation by experts, through the Delphi technique. Those dimensions are subdivided into five themes: participation, emphasizing the participation of associations and cooperatives surrounding landfills; articulation among agents involved, which have different interests; benefits, focusing on the CDM application for solid waste sector (especially waste pickers cooperatives and technology transfer); environmental quality monitoring, highlighting the issue of odor; and gas emissions monitoring related to the efficiency of biogas capture system. The aforementioned results corroborates the relevance of the indicators developed based on interdisciplinary and multi-agent approaches, considering the different stakeholders.
Keywords: Co-benefits indicator, Clean Development Mechanism, landfill
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Waste Effluent as Natural Dyestuff
T. Rossi, R. S. R. Almeida, J. O. Brito, E. Bittencourt, P. N. Faria, C. T. S. Dias (USP)
|
Abstract: Currently, natural dyes are gaining wider interest in society, creating a new market niche that
values products obtained from natural raw material, due to less damage to human health and
the environment. A potential source for obtaining these dyes lies in the industrial production of
essential oil from eucalyptus leaves. This uses the liquid waste generated in the distillation stage
of the eucalyptus leaves, using water steam; a large volume of which is generated and disposed
of as effluent. Brazil is one of the main global producers of oil from eucalyptus leaves, especially
Corymbia citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora), and so there is enormous potential for exploitation
of this effluent as raw material. The potential of this residue as a natural dye was evaluated,
specifically for cotton fabrics. The effluent residue was concentrated and the physical-chemical
characteristics of the obtained natural dyestuff was evaluated; presenting an acid pH and total
solid content of 3.3% and 48.1% and condensed tannin content of 10.9% respectively. As for
color of the extracts, it showed a brown color with CIE LAB values of L=0,19; a=0,50 and
b=0,17. The naturally dyed fabric was evaluated for color solidity after washing: staining of the
multi-fiber fabric was greater than 4 and the notes of color change were 3-4. The solidity of the
washing results showed that the natural dyestuff reached the acceptable notes for the textile
industry and the natural dye obtained from the waste effluent leaves of C. citriodora has a
potential of use as natural dyestuff in the dyeing of cotton. In future studies, the evaluation of
color solidity using natural dye in dyed fabrics is intended.
Keywords: Distillation, residue, Corymbia citriodora, dyed fabric
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Waste from Eucalyptus Wood Steaming as a Natural Dye Source for Dyeing Cotton
ROSSI, T. S.; ARAÚJO, M. C. (USP); DE MOURA, L. F. (Plant Environmental Intelligence); BRITO, J. O. (ESALQ); FREEMAN, H. S. (North Carolina State University, USA)
|
Abstract: Textile Industry is increasingly researching for cleaner production improvements, such as new processes and materials. Natural dyes are gaining interest due their expected low risk to human health and the environment. In this study, the potential for using colored liquid waste produced in the steam treatment of eucalyptus wood as a natural coloring matter for textile cotton was investigated. Specifically, eucalyptus wood extract from waste eucalyptus wood steaming was used to dye cotton in an exhaust dyeing process without the addition of traditional mordanting agents. The resulting dyed fabrics were evaluated for color fastness. It was found that wash fastness of waste dyed fabrics was very good, while light fastness was typical of natural dyes. It ws also found excellent rubbing fastness ratings. In this regard, the waste from eucalyptus wood steaming is accepted as a new material on Cleaner Production strategies in Textile Industry applications in cotton dyeing.
Keywords: Textile industry, natural dyes, cotton, waste, eucalyptus
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Waste Management of Salt Solar Distillation
M. A. S. B. Sousa; J. L. S. Melo; H. N. S. Melo; M. C. Borges; A. O. Nunes (UFRN)
|
Abstract: The solar desalination is an efficient technique for removal of salts. This work aims to show
the matter of management of salts in a distiller powered by solar produced water with oil
reduced. The work was carried in Natal / RN - Brazil during the months of August and
September 2007. The equipment used is a single solar still passive two water with
inclination of 20 ° in coverage. The operation of the equipment is batch to food and
continuos to collection of distilled water. Was determined the parameter of Chloride, that it is
the most representative element of salinity, and pH and still held the mass balance. The
results showed a distillate with 12.40 mg Cl in opposition to 700.00 of chloride inle . Thinking
themselves in an industrial scale, which would be fed volumes of the order of thousands of
cubic metres, these values would be the order of tons of salt a day, so that strategies should
be established destination for such waste. Based on the results analyzed, there was a
removal of approximately 99% of Cl- The mass of Cl in waste was 3487, where it can infer
that, for sewage or water production with high salinity, waste generated will reach, the order
of tonnes daily.
Keywords: Solar energy, Solar distiller, Waste management, Chloride
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Waste Minimization in an Aircraft Maintenance Process: Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing and Cleaner Production Approaches
FONTES, C. O. (IPT/Estre); ALVES, J. F. (Ambientacy Engineering); TEIXEIRA, C. E. (IPT/UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The aircraft maintenance involves actions designed
to assess and minimize wear of parts through the preventive
action (lubrication and replacement of filters, for
example) and also the corrective action (replacement parts),
respecting all the requirements of safety, occupational health and environment. During the maintenance
procedures a variety of waste are generated, such as parts and different types of used inputs. It is noteworthy
that many of these are hazardous waste, for which the possibility of minimization generation is also an opportunity
to reduce costs of disposal. This article presents
a case study of a Brazilian airline company focus to identify
opportunities for waste minimization in aircraft maintenance step, applying approaches lean manufacturing, six
sigma and cleaner production. Among the activities
include the maintenance process mapping and environmental
aspects identification. In addition, there is the integration of three types of approaches cited that
supported the
project ensuring the correct prioritization of the
identified opportunities. It was observed that the
use of the three
approaches together provides a greater opportunity
to generate gains to the company, since all potential
possibilities within a process were addressed. The
waste used as inputs in the process of maintenance
such as
filters, chemicals, paint, rags, PPE etc., represen
t a large reduction potential with low effort and in accordance with
sector regulation. The results demonstrated that by
integrating these approaches is possible to obtain
gains of
10% to 15% reduction in solid waste generation and
reducing the danger of same in case of no generation
avoided. For market in question, numerous other opportunities reduction of waste generation can be addressed
through these three methods of approach, it is suggested including benchmarkingin companies in other sectors
with more mature processes in terms of quality and
loss control.
Keywords: Maintenance; waste; aircraft; continuous improvement; cleaner production.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Waste Water Minimization of Starch Industry Using Water Pinch Technology
M. Dakwala, B. Mohanty, R. Bhargava (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee-India)
|
Abstract: Water is a vital component for many industrial operations, and is utilized for a wide range of
purposes in industrial processes. The rapid growth in population, coupled with
industrialization and urbanization, resulted in an increased demand for water, leading to
serious consequences on the environment. The cost and scarcity of water beside stricter
regulations on industrial effluents have become a significant factor in commodity material
manufacturing. In this paper sincere efforts had been put to demonstrate, the potential of
water pinch technology at real world of industries. To explore the effectiveness of this
technology a case studies from a Starch industry of India is under taken with an aim to
reduce demineralised (DM) water flow rate and subsequently waste water flow rate. The
problem is viewed as a single contaminant problem and all the three modes of water
integration i.e. re-use, regeneration-reuse, regeneration –recycle are demonstrated. The DM
water consumption is 50 tph before modification and after modification using water pinch it
reduces to 31.9 tph (reuse), 21.6 tph (regeneration-reuse) and 12 tph (regenerationrecycling).
The results obtained from the present analysis are compared well with the results
obtained from well established software ASPEN WATER which uses mathematical
programming approach based on MINLP. The cost benefit analysis illustrates that the profit
obtained in the case of reuse is 17, 63,914 INR per year and the payback period for the
regeneration-reuse and regeneration –recycling are 1.8 and 1.1 months. A computer
program is developed in MATLAB for analysis of the above case study using water pinch
technology.
Keywords: Waste water minimization, water pinch, starch
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Waste Zero - 3R
J. F. Moraes; N. Aquino; R. Ferreira; T. Varella (Rhodia)
|
Abstract: This project was initiated in 1989, when all the amount of consumed water from Rhodia was provided by the public system or artesian wells, These artesian wells had a low capacity of supply and the constant raise in the costs of the public water service were important limiting facts to the industrial activities.
A group of work was created to solve this problem. The group aimed three central goals:Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
The specific goals were: Reduce the volume, variability and contamination of effluent, Use clean technologies, Improvements in the collection system.
The general goal of the project was to find the best possible interaction between profit, investments and environment.
Keywords: Reuse, recycle, ultrafiltration, waste
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
Water and Energy Consumption in the Life Cycle of Flush Devices and Gray Water Reuse
GNOATTO, E. L.; KALBUSCH, A.; HENNING, E. (UDESC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article aims to analyze, through the Life Cycle Assessment, three scenarios with different solutions for the availability of water on toilets of a classroom building of a University in Southern Brazil. In the first scenario, singleflush devices were used on all toilets of a campus building. In the second scenario, dual-flush devices were used and in the third scenario, the installation of dual-flush devices and a gray water reuse system from the washbasins in the toilets were analyzed. The objective was to quantify the environmental impacts in the three scenarios by comparing the use of single flush and water-saving devices and also the reuse of the gray water in terms of water consumption and energy consumption. Measurements of the available plumbing fixtures were done in two stages, with single-flush and dual-flush devices. The environmental impact assessment was carried out with the support of the SimaPro 8.3.0 software. The replacement of flush devices reduced water consumption in the operation stage of the toilets on 26.97%. The highest water and energy consumption occurred in scenario 1, due to the higher demand for water in the operation stage and higher energy expenditure for the pumping and treatment of the water. The gray water reuse in scenario 3 decreases the amount of water consumed in the toilets. The results showed that it is environmentally feasible to replace the single-flush with dual-flush devices in the campus toilets.
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment. Flush devices. Water-saving systems.
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Water Demand Management through Partnerships with SABESP and Government Sectors
R. R. Chahin (SABESP)
|
Abstract: The availability of water resources and adequate bulk water and wastewater infrastructure to
meet the growing water demand in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area can be a limiting
constraint to the social upliftment and economic prosperity of the city. Therefore,
partnerships with Municipalities and Government Departments focusing on conservation
efforts are very important.
The aim of this paper is to show initiatives of The Water and Sewage Services Company of
the State of São Paulo – Sabesp in water demand management hard task.
Keywords: Water, conservation, government, demand management
[Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
Water Management in the Tanning Industry – A Diagnosis under the Cleaner Production Principles in Sao Paulo State, Brazil
J. W. F. Pacheco (CETESB), D. D. Telles(FAT-SP), F. M. Ribeiro (CETESB)
|
Abstract: Water is an important resource for the tanning industry. Considering the increasing necessity
of the rational use of water by the mankind, the aim of this work was to make a diagnosis of
water management in the tanneries with beamhouse operations in the State of Sao Paulo,
Brazil, under the focus of the Cleaner Production (CP). The methodology included the
elaboration and application of a survey, evaluating management parameters, through
interviews in 9 (nine) tanneries. The data analysis resulted in a 'water management traffic
light', which shows the overall degree of this management. Results showed that although
some good practices were found in these tanneries, generally the water management under
CP is incipient.
Keywords: Water management, cleaner production, tannery, leather industry
[Abstract] [Paper]
|
Water Pumping Station Santana: a Case Study on Loss Reduction and Energy Consumption in the Sanitation Sector
M. A. Braghiroli, M. B. dos Santos, D. Brega Filho (SABESP)
|
Abstract: The sector of water supply Santana located in the northern zone of São Paulo was the pioneer in
Sabesp undergoing a restructuring focused on process optimization. The excellent results
obtained with the changes in the layout and replacement of old equipment is given in the
environmental sphere, economic, technical and social. The main highlights were saving on
energy consumption, the amount of water loss reduction and adducted.
Keywords: Sanitation, water, energy, reduction, loss
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
Water Quality Management: the Brazilian and the American Models
L. B. E. Veiga; A. Magrini (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: All over the world, the continuous population growth, the increasingly urban and industrial
concentration and the increasingly expansion of the irrigated agriculture, lead to an increase in
the water demand and depletion, which can lead to water scarcity for many of its designated
uses.
In Brazil, Law 9433, enacted in 1997, established the National Water Resources Policy and
created the National Water Resource Management System, introducing a new integrated
approach to environmental management policies and economic-based instruments. This Law
defined the hydrographic basin as the unit of planning, considering the water multiple uses,
introducing many changes at the institutional and policy instruments levels. From the policy
instruments perspective, the Law established new management instruments and worked towards
the integration of these new instruments with the other instruments defined by the Brazilian
environmental legislation: water bodies designated uses x water bodies framework.
The Resolution 357 enacted in 2005 from the National Environmental Council (Conselho Nacional
de Meio Ambiente – CONAMA), set the environmental guidelines for implementing water bodies’
framework, and established the classification of water bodies and the conditions for discharging
effluents into them. However, this Resolution left much to be improved. For instance, this
Resolution established fixed limits for effluent discharges, making no distinction between these
discharges according to the related industrial activity or technology. Furthermore, it did not
consider the carrying capacity of the water bodies that will receive the discharges, and it is not
linked to the other instruments set forth in Law 9433. This might reduce the efficacy of the
instruments and generate diseconomies for public and private agents. As a result, many
criticisms in this respect prompted CONAMA to promise a revision of the effluent discharge
limits. The wisest course would be to base this revision mainly on the international water
management experience. This article aims at contributing to this effort, by analyzing the case of
the United States (US), which can provide valuable insight in terms of defining water quality
standards and effluent discharge limits based on control technologies and industrial typologies.
Some of the main water pollution control instruments predicted in the US Clean Water Act (CWA,
1972), the policy that regulates the water resources management in the US, are analyzed in
this paper: the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) and the Assessment Total Maximum Daily Load Tracking and Implementation
System (ATTAINS). Finally, based on the US model this paper made some suggestions that
could be incorporated in the Brazilian legislation.
Keywords: Water Resources Management, Water quality, Effluent Discharges, Brazil, United States
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Web-Based Application for Calculation and Analysis of Environmental Sustainability in Emergy
FRANÇA, W. L. M.; DEMETRIO, F. J. C. (UEMA); GIANNETTI, B. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
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Abstract: This paper presents a software on the web, client/server model of four layers, for calculation and analysis of
environmental sustainability indexes using emergy as a tool. The first layer is formed by a MySQL database stored
on a web server Apache. In the layer of business rules are developed routines calculation and analysis
of the
indices in emerging resource considered, using the
programming language PHP. Through a form on the
presentation layer, the user provides the primary data input about renewable resources, non-renewable,
transformed, exported and imported from any regional system and receives as output, environmental analysis
emergy in the form of graphs, thematic maps and tables with calculated values of indicators. Internet
browsers
represent the client layer. The tests indicated that the PHP and MySQL open source technologies associated with
an environmental assessment methodology showed how
computational tools can contribute to the sustainable
development of a region.
Keywords: Emergy, resource, web application,
sustainable development
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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What is materiality in GRI G4? A Discussion and Agenda for Future Research
CARPEJANI, P. (PUC-PR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR); MACHADO, C. G. (PUC-PR)
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Abstract: Many researchers and professionals in the sustainability area do not know or do not have a clear definition of materiality. This subject has gained international recognition by being the key element of sustainability performance measurement. As of 2013, Global Reporting Initiative used the G4 Guidelines and made it easier for the companies to disclose their sustainability performance through materiality, setting priorities between the pillars of sustainable and the needs of their stakeholders. This study aims to explore the definitions of materiality among the G4 Guidelines, creating, at the same time, the future research agenda. It was used an integrative literature review methodology. The procedure allows to respond to the research problem, since the approach supports a organized, systematic and broad analysis of the information found. The method provides understanding of materiality based on previous studies. The results show that, although materiality has been emphasized in 2013, there is still no vast literature on the subject. Moreover, subjectivity is inherent to the topic. There is a lack of clear instructions related to the application and mathematical support regarding the use of the factors. The article contributes to science, uncovering the real meaning of materiality and pointing out research gaps. The findings suggest an extensive field for future academic research, since the knowledge about the concept's operationalization it’s built on the practice, especially in business environment.
Keywords: Materiality, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Indicators, Sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Wind-speed modelling using Fourier analysis and Nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NAR)
RUEDA-BAYONA, J.G. (Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Colombia); CABELLO J.J.; SCHNEIDER, I.L. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for analyzing and predicting local wind-speed with high time resolution (hourly) and long-term (years) horizon, through Fourier analysis and Nonlinear autoregressive network (NAR). Engineering activities and wind energy applications (wind power estimation and power system operations) requires accurate wind-speed modelling. Additionally, wind time series exhibits nonlinearities, gaps and scarce of in situ data, therefore, the proposed methodology is able to deal with those requirements. Considering the lack of in situ data, the research recommends a data assimilation and natural variability identification before atmospheric variable forecasting. The study used a wind-speed time series from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) project database (1980 to 2014) and compared against in situ data for assimilation. Then, Fourier identified natural variability for wind-speed at local stations. Also, we found a quarterly variability associated with Madden Julian fluctuations, semiannual, annual, and 6-year variability (ENSO). NAR model predicted successfully the wind-speed with 3 hours’ interval for 11 years according to 0.90 of correlation. The low computational cost and the accuracy of modelled results obtained in this research, allow to implement the proposed methodology for diverse engineering and scientific research applications.
Keywords: wind-speed, Fourier, NAR, reanalysis, wind potential, modelling.
[Abstract]
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Wood Construction and Circular Building: Potential for Sustainability
TAVARES, S. F.; INO, A.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
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Abstract: The construction industry in Brazil is characterized as having great environmental impact, consumption of materials and waste production. On the other hand, is one of the most important economic and social sectors, responsible for our built environment construction, the generation of many of jobs and the economy. Against a framework of exhaustion of raw materials, population increase, and of global warming caused by anthropogenic actions, is fundamental to develop new approaches for a suitable construction, or a new construction’s paradigms. Therefore, within the scope of the Circular Economy is proposed the Design for Circularity, through the Circular Building, which is designed and developed aiming high durability, flexibility, recyclability and disassembling, using materials of sustainable origin, non-toxic, with high quality and functional performance, that can be reused unlimited times. It is about designing for the maximum performance of materials and edification without the loss of quality. Thus, the goal of this paper is to evaluate what is the wood potential as material that contributes to the Design for Circularity and Circular Building, by analyzing its intrinsic and relational properties, in the frame construction system. The article has a qualitative methodological approach, of an exploratory nature, based on the systematic literature review. The findings demonstrate that wood, through the frame construction, has high potential for Design for Circularity, contributing to a more sustainable building.
Keywords: Circular Building, Design for Circularity, wood, frame construction, sustainability
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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WSD as a Sustainable Tool for the CP Practices: Water/Wastewater Minimization in Industrial Processes
R. C. Mirre; L. Yokoyama; F. L. P. Pessoa (UFRJ)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) practices in the industry require an adequate understanding of the
characteristics of the manufacture processes. If the aim is to minimize the water consumption
and the environmental impact due to the generation of effluent, then water processing in the
industry are very important. In this way, it’s necessary to provide environmental sustainable
practices, such as reusing water and wastewater. The necessity in developing water reuse
programs in several areas, mainly in the industrial sector, has been related to the use of
technologies as the tools for an adequate water resources management. Process Integration is a
part of the Process Systems Engineering, which has been allowing improvements techniques
applied to waste/wastewater minimization. Hence, an important tool is called Water Sources
Diagram (WSD), an algorithmic procedure that uses heuristics rules and searches the best
connections between sources and sinks of water within the industrial processes. It allows the
synthesis of the mass exchange networks with maximum water reuse, including regeneration
and recycle processes. The objective of this work is to focus on the WSD algorithmic procedure
as a useful tool for evaluation of practical analysis on the water and wastewater minimization, in
the Cleaner Production approach. In this work a case study is used to illustrate the application of
this procedure showing the reduction of water flow rate obtained compared to the original
flowsheet. Besides, the WSD performes calculations quickly, even by hand, and generates
process mass exchange network without process modifications simultaneously. The application
of the procedure in the industry requires the characterization of water and wastewater with
respect to flow rate and contaminants concentrations in the respective streams.
Keywords: Industrial water management, water/wastewater reuse, environmental friendly strategies
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Your Role in Society
GARCIA, F. S.; MARTINES, A. I. T. (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: “Your role in the Society” is a project that has as the purpose to bring awareness to UNIOESTE – Campus of Foz do Iguaçu academic community, which englobes servers, professors and students; about the reuse and rational use of paper and other office supplies, mainly through paper recycling. For both, was conducted: (1) first a handcrafted paper recycling course was given, so the team could learn and act as replicators; (2) bring awareness to all institution departments for the better use of paper and its separation; (3) production of recycled paper. With these actions the servers were sensitized to decrease the use of paper, and yet to decrease the use of financial resources to buy materials a project might provide, such as bookmarks, business cards, notebooks, among others.
Keywords: Environmental management; environmental responsibility; paper recycling
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Zero discharge of galvanoplasty's effluent - Use of a reactor for high efficiency of electrocoagulation-flotation combined with ion exchange resins for plating wastewater treatment
P. Araújo; J. Katz (EFIL)
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Abstract: This paper presents some results obtained after implantation of a reactor for high efficiency of
electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF-AE) to replace the method of physical-chemical reactions
traditionally used in plating wastewater treatment (ETEG) of the Termogal Tratamento de
Superfícies Ltda, Itu-SP, Brazil. The effluent leaving the reactor after ECF-AE filtration of solid
particles is percolated into ion exchangers (IER) to ensure the removal of contaminants levels of
heavy metal waste. The effluent is reused continuously in a closed circuit.After the
implementation of the ECF-AE reactor, there was a reduction of up to 91% in the use of chemical
reagents in ETEG, and improving the quality of the effluent after removal of the reactor
compared to the treated effluent by conventional physico-chemical method
Keywords: Electrocoagulation, electroflotation, electroplating, ion exchange resin, reuse
[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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