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895 Papers |
903 Abstracts |
8 Technical Reports |
8 Proceedings |
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A Comparative Survey among Emergy Indices and More Usual Sustainability Indexes P. A. Frugoli, A. P. Z. dos Santos, A. D. Frugoli (UNIP)
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Abstract:The search for sustainability and the growing concern about the environmental degradation attract more and more researchers from all over the world, therefore, there is the need of development of indexes that include the economy, society and environment. This study applies the emergy synthesis with the aim of determine its indexes and compare them with well known indexes obtained from the literature. The natural resources flows (renewable and non renewable) and the resources from the economy of the countries are evaluated for the calculation of emergy indexes. Correlations were made between the calculated indexes with the well known indexes taken from the literature. The best correlation results were obtained between the Human Development Index and the Ecological Footprint (HDIxEF) and between the Surplus Biocapacity Index and the Environmental Sustainability Indice (SB x ESI). Keywords:Emergy synthesis, indexes, sustainability, countries. |
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A Cleaner Production Process of Sodium Dichromate Via Pressure Oxidative Leaching of Chromite XU H. B.; SHI Y. L.; ZHANG H. L.; CHENG X. C.; PEI L. L.; LIU J. W.; QING P. H.; TIAN Y.; CAI. Z. H.; ZHANG Y. (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
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Abstract: Chromium compounds are important basic chemicals and find application in various industrial fields. The environmental problems resulted from the traditional production process of sodium dichromate have spawned worldwide public concerns. With a design objective to eliminate pollution at the source, a cleaner production process of sodium dichromate was developed, and the cleaner process has successfully achieved higher resource utilization efficiency and zero emission of the chromium-containing residue. In the cleaner process, the conversion from chromite ore to sodium dichromate includes four steps: (1) the pressure oxidative leaching of chromite ore with concentrated NaOH solution; (2) the extraction of NaOH with CH3OH from the solid mixture of chromite ore leaching residues (COPRs) and sodium chromate crystal; (3) the distillation and recovery of CH3OH from aqueous concentrated NaOH solution; and (4) the manufacturing of sodium dichromate from the COPR containing sodium chromate crystal. It was found that, under the optimal conditions, the chemical conversion ratio of trivalent chromium in chromite through Step (1) can be up to 95% or higher, the trivalent chromium content in COPRs is below 1.2% by weight (counted as Cr2O3), and the hexavalent chromium content in COPRs is even lower than 0.1% by weight (counted as Cr+6). In Steps (2) and (3), the recovery efficiencies of NaOH and CH3OH are as high as 96% and 98%, respectively. Especially, the final emission amount of COPRs is only 750 kilograms per ton of sodium dichromate product, much lower than that in the traditional soda-ash roasting process and no higher than that in the calciumfree roasting process. Based on the cleaner process, a demonstrative pilot plant with an annual capability of 5000 tons of sodium dichromate is to be built up in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, China. The cleaner process has exhibited a promising prospect in the industrial production of sodium dichromate. Keywords: chromite, pressure leaching, sodium dichromate, extraction, CH3OH |
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A Lean & Green Model for a Value Stream PAMPANELLI, A. B. (GKN Driveline Americas)
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Abstract: Following the paper “A Lean & Green Model for a production cell”, published by Journal of Cleaner Production in December, 2014 (Pampanelli et al., 2014), the main objective of this paper is to propose the extension of the Lean & Green Model for the second level of flow, the Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM) for a value stream (VS), understanding its main characteristics and differences. Studies developed confirmed that traditional VS thinking (divided by product families) is not applicable for solving with environmental problems in a manufacturing environment. Following this finding, theL&GBM for second level flow was developed and tested in a single multinational engineering company, including the results of the model application at the value stream level. Such findings confirm that the Lean & Green Model can reduce resources use in a VS level from 2 to 40% and save R$ 1,5Mi. Keywords: Lean, Lean and Green, Kaizen, Value Stream |
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A Multidisciplinary Approach Towards the Introduction of Cleaner Production in Higher Education Curricula: A Case Study from TEC de Costa Rica ROA-GUTIERREZ, F.; ARIAS, A. L.; CHAVES ABARCA, R.; JAUBERT-SOLANO, W.; ROBLES OBANDO, N.; VALERIO-VINDAS, J. J. (Costa Rica Technological Institute, Costa Rica); ASHTON, W. S.; HURTADO-MARTIN, M. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
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Abstract: During the execution of the project “Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas through the integration of Business, Engineering and Environmental Education”, the Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica(ITCR) established a multidisciplinary team including 6 professors from 4 departments (Environmental Engineering, Industrial Production Engineering, AgriBusiness, and Business Administration). Some courses ofthe above mentioned careerprograms originally included contents covering principles and concepts from Cleaner Production (CP) from a specific field perspective disregarding a multi and transdisciplinary approach of the CP. The academic profiles in terms of capacities and competences were analyzed to evolve towards a multidisciplinary approach by converging different professional capacities to achieve an improved implementation of CP in industries through a practicum. Presently, a pilot plan is being carried out using a multidisciplinary team of 6 advanced student from different programs. The methodology proposed includes short training in CP principles and concepts, data collection through visits to industries,data analysis in group sessions, improvement opportunities identification, and financial analysis. The recruitment of students for the pilot plan was carried out under voluntary and extracurricular terms, and supervised by the professors contributing in the Pathways project. The pilot plan will work with agrochemical formulation and distribution businesses located in Cartago. It is foreseen that in the near future, the methodology of CP implementation described in this paper could be formalized as an alternative modality to fulfill the professional practice required for most of ITCR programs. It is expected that the students would not only improve their CP knowledge and professional profile but also team work capacity. This paper presents the results of the project as a case study for ITCR. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Multidisciplinary Education, Higher Education |
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A Multi-Sectorial Analysis of a Waste to Energy Plant CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila, Italy)
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Abstract: Currently waste management is a critical issue for several countries. Separate collection and recycling activities are growing; Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Austria and Denmark have drastically reduced the use of the landfill while Italy, United Kingdom and Spain give half of their waste to landfill. Real case studies and scientific papers have demonstrated the benefits of the waste to energy (WTE) facilities compared to the traditional incinerators. Typologies of waste suitable for the energy recovery are: unsorted waste, dry fraction from mechanical biological treatment, refuse-derived fuels (RDF) and also some special waste (e.g. medical). To focus on waste management in Italy, this study uses a multi-sectorial analysis for a region, Abruzzo, reporting a high rate of landfilling. Plant dimensioning, comparison between WTE strategies, centralized or decentralized solution, location of plant are proposed and economic, environmental, financial and social analysis verify the sustainability of the suggested solution. The outcomes deriving from the present research could be extended in developing countries where ever-increasing amounts of solid waste accompany rapid economic and population growth. Relevant is the municipalities ability to sustainably manage it all and solutions to these problems may be found in the results of the present research. Keywords: quantitative analysis, sensitivity analysis, sustainability, waste to energy, multi-sectorial analysis |
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A Phenomenologically Based Airline Model of a 2 MW Gas Engine VALENCIA, G. E. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); CONSUEGRA, F. E. (Universidade del Norte); OSORIO, M. (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Colombia)
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Abstract: With the continuous advance and technological growth of society, the demand for energy has increased, more specifically the consumption of electrical power. This has led to the development of renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar energy. Despite their numerous advantages, such as environmental and economic benefits, at an industrial level, higher reliability and generating capacity energy sources are preferred. Because of this, nowadays many industrial sectors prefer fossil fuel-based energy generation, frequently using turbines and internal combustion engines as a primary energy source. The choice of one or other primary energy generation option depends on how variable the electricity demand is, as it causes continuous change in generator load. If a constant energy demand and economic feasibility study are required, a gas turbine can be chosen, despite having lower thermal efficiency than internal combustion engines. Otherwise, an engine is a better choice whether operating on diesel or natural gas as a fuel, because its high robustness allows it to adapt better to variable load rates. Considering the above, it is not surprising that in Colombia, a high percentage of industries uses generation engines to self-generate a part of its electric consumption. Considering that, usually, these generation engines must supply electrical power to industrial plants in a 24-7 regime, it is not feasible to keep them out of operation, neither in unexpected operation regimes for long periods of time. This, together with the manufacturer's restrictions and the laborious nature of making changes within the processing and control unit of an equipment, make it necessary to carry out a simulation of the system with its respective results, which can be transferred to the real system later. Therefore, the generator-engine assembly has been defined as a set of process systems, where the operational behavior of the equipment can be simulated using mathematical equations, obtaining a phenomenologically based semi-physical model that can be used to perform experiments in simulations. Finally, this work focuses on the implementation of the methodology for combining phenomenologically based semiphysical models to obtain a dynamic of the air line of a 2 MW Jenbacher natural gas internal combustion engine, focusing on modeling of mean values that involves the study of some engine parameters such as the intake manifold temperature and pressure, the mass flow through the throttle and turbo-bypass valve in the engine, the electric power and the gas emission. Keywords: Mean Value Model, Gas Engine, Phenomenological Semiphysical model |
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A Profitability Analysis of Small-Scale Biomethane Plants CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University of Rome Tor Vergata - Italy)
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Abstract: European countries aim to achieve a more competitive, safe and sustainable energy system. Biomethane is a promising renewable energy carrier and the main point of strength is its flexibility. In fact, this resource can be injected directly into the public gas grid, or can be converted into electricity and heat in cogeneration units, or can be used in the transport sector as vehicle fuel. Literature analysis highlights as the role of subsidies is strategic to develop the biomethane production and countries, as Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Netherlands, have registered a significant growth in the last years. This paper proposes a mathematical and economic model useful to evaluate the profitability of biomethane injected into the gas grid. The indicators used are Net Present Value and Discounted Payback Time. The baseline scenario analyses three different small-scale sizes (50 m3/h, 100 m3/h and 150 m3/h) concerning two typologies of substrates (municipal solid waste msw and a mixture of maize and manure residues). A sensitivity analysis on the main critical variables (subsidies, investment costs of biogas production, transport costs of substrates and percentage of maintenance and overhead costs in biogas production) is conducted. The profitability of biomethane, also for small-scale plants and when are recovered a wide range of waste, can contribute to develop the circular economy and consequently, it plays a role in a sustainable future. Keywords: biomethane, economic analysis, small-scale plants, subsidies, sustainability |
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A Reflection on Product Development Oriented for Green Supply Chain Management CANCIGLIERI JR., O. (PUC-PR); RECHE, A. Y. U. (PUC-PR/SENAI)
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Abstract: The product development process is an activity that that need integration with the supply chain: suppliers, manufacturers and customers. The objective of this article is to analyze publications about the subject product development and green supply chain. For the literature review, it was searched for the concepts of product development process, product development stages, suppliers and customers integration in product development, supply chain business processes, supply chain management, green supply chain management, sustainable supply chain management and triple bottom line. Methodology: A bibliographical survey was conducted in Capes database, covering the articles published in scientific journals up to 2016. Results: The topic of product development oriented to the green supply chain management still does not have a consensus, being treated with a broad approach. Keywords: product development, supply chain management, green supply chain management, triple bottom line [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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A Reflection on the Product Development Process Integrated with Sustainability TEIXEIRA, G. F. G.; CANCIGLIERI JR., O. (PUC-PR)
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Abstract: The academic debate on sustainability plays a significant growth in several segments. Among these, there is the debate on integrating sustainability into the Product Development Process (PDP). Thus, the present study aims to identify which are the connecting elements between these two areas of knowledge. The work was carried out through a systematic bibliographic research and resulted in 14,891 searches, of which 101 were classified. The research covered the studies published in the period from 2006 to 2016. Finally, the research result describes that the dedication to the study is relevant. Study on the integration of sustainability into the product development process, based on the need for further studies in this field and also for its constant growth, thus proving to be an area with opportunities for future research. Keywords: Sustainability, Product Development Process (PDP), Systematic Bibliographic Research |
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A Research on the Awareness Toward Sustainable Production Aspects A. R. Sacomano, P. L. O. Costa Neto (UNIP)
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Abstract: In this paper it is present part of a broader research named “Social Responsibility as an Element do Sustainability, Quality of Products and Services and Quality of Life”, part which deals with the awareness on sustainable production of entities related to the subject and professionals classified in lawyers and others. By selecting the mentioned part of the broader research, this one carried on during a master degree work, the authors aim to show points of Brazilian reality related to this awareness, in order to indicate its progresses and omissions with respect to the thought on social responsibility and sustainability, so wishing to contribute for the adoption of propositions able to improve this degree of awareness in Brazil, including a better commitment of the legal professionals. Keywords: Sustainability, social responsibility, lawyers, awareness, quality of life
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A Short-Cut Model for Predicting Biomethane Avaliability after Biogas Upgrading JOPPERT, C. L.; PERECIN, D.; COELHO, S. T.; CAMACHO, J. L. P. (USP)
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Abstract: Biomethane figures with increasing importance in the bioenergy sector. As a renewable energy source that promotes waste recovery and GHG (greenhouse gases) reduction, biomethane use aligns with cleaner production principles. However, many of the final uses to biomethane require an upgrading and cleaning process, to remove contaminants such as H2S and CO2. Facing the great amount of technological options to promote biogas upgrading and cleaning up to this date, it might be a rather challenging task to have a first estimate of biomethane availability required for a conceptual project level. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to propose a short-cut, mass balance-based model to predict biomethane availability after promoting a biogas cleaning and upgrading process regardless of the source of organic feedstock or the choice of the cleaning technology. The model development results into interesting dimensionless parameters, such as the gas contamination factors. Relevant parameters regarding biomethane use, such as its LHV and Wobbe index are also adapted to this model. The correlation with data from literature shows that the model has a satisfactory prediction when methane losses in the upgrading process are less than 3%. Keywords: Biogas, Biomethane, Upgrading, Availability, Shortcut |
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A Study on the use of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) in Environmental Management Systems (EMS) D. M. Heinzen (IFSC), L. M. S. Campos e P. A. C. Miguel (UFSC)
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Abstract: Environment issues have gained greater evidence on the corporate agenda nowadays. The view that pollution is only one undesirable consequence is no longer endorsed by organizations, bringing up the importance of managing their environmental issues. Facing this challenge, one of the actions taken by the companies has been the implementation and certification of an environmental management system (EMS). In this sense, the aim of this paper is to present a set of environmental performance measures used to manage the EMS and that can contribute to the effectiveness of ISO 14001 system. This research is exploratory and descriptive, conducted through a survey. Data was collected by an instrument sent to ISO 14001 certified companies in the Santa Catarina State in Brazil. The target companies were from various economic sectors. The target population consisted of 73 organizations and accessible population resulted in 62 companies. From those, 39 companies participated in the survey. The results show the characteristics of respondents and the most used environmental performance mesures according to the requirements of the standard. Findings have shown that companies mostly adopt environmental performance mesures more directly associated with the legal requirements (legal and other requirements, preparation and emergency response, evaluation of legal and other requirements and environmental aspects). In addition, the following economic sectors that "always" and/or "often" used most measures are: Pulp and Paper/Furniture/Wood, Textiles, Metals and Electrical/Electrical and Electronic. Keywords: Environmental performance indicators, EPI, environmental management systems, EMS, ISO 14001. |
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A Survey about Multi-Objective Optimization for Green Vehicle Routing Problems FERREIRA, J. C.; STEINER, M. T. A.; CANCIGLIERI JR, O. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
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Abstract: This article presents a survey about multi-objective optimization for green vehicle routing problems (MOOGVRP), that is, with environmental considerations. It makes use of a taxonomy that divides the MOOGVRP in: Green VRP, Pollution Routing Problem (PRP) and VRP in Reverse Logistics (VRPRL). The goal of the present paper is to detect the gaps in the literature that make possible some advances related to MOOGVRP. For this, this research approaches, briefly, the following topics: bibliometric data; taxonomy; main variations of the VRP used; proposed objective functions; number of objectives; solution procedures; main softwares and languages for implementation; the most cited works of the sample and their approaches. Keywords: Survey; Green Vehicle Routing Problem; Pollution Routing Problem; Vehicle Routing Problem in Reverse Logistic; Multi-objective Optimization. |
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Absence of the Impact of the Loss of Biodiversity in LCA Studies of Sustainable Construction: Unfamiliarity or Leniency? PIMENTEL, D. L. C. S.; SALLES, M. T. (UFF)
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Abstract: Fundamental part of the LCA methodology, the definition of environmental impact categories does not usually incorporate in studies related to constructive sustainability, biodiversity loss. Among the reasons, it can superficially suppose a few reasons: the complexity of the issue, the difficulty of valuation, the anthropocentric view of society, ignorance of the importance of ecosystem services for the maintenance of the balance of the planet, among others. This paper recognizes the complexity of the issue and understands that there is no way to ignore the responsibilities of the Brazilian construction sector by the large participation in the deterioration of the natural environment framework. In this sense, using the exploratory research, seeks to deepen another possible cause: the lack of experts in sustainable buildings. Keywords: Biodiversity, Sustainable Building, LCA, Environmental Impact |
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Accounting Contributions in Emergy for the National Solid Waste Policy C. A. Di Agustini (FGV); L. P. Vendrametto (UNIP)
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Abstract: The current Brazilian Bill for Solid Waste will impact 5564 Brazilian municipalities, which need to be mobilized to adopt policies and actions for waste treatment in accordance with the Act. The project may empower millions of businesses and individuals, because in case of damage involving solid waste responsibility for the implementation of corrective measures, they will be charged from the causer of the damage, jointly with its generator. Product life cycle, environmentally appropriate final destination, and flow of solid waste integrated management are objects of this Project Act. It presents the accounting in emergy as an alternative to consistently assess the impacts of solid waste on the biosphere, because its amplitude goes beyond the frontiers of economic and production systems (extraction, production, use and disposal), breaking into the environment of ecosystems. It also presents some experiences with this methodology as a tool to support integrated management of solid wastes, establishing performance indicators and assessment of environmental impacts. Mankind has walked to the degradation of the natural environment, and needs to decide whether “homo sapiens” will pollute the natural resources with enormous damage to the biosphere, or manage the waste in an integrated manner with the ecosystems in order to keep them sustainable. The accounting in emergy is an important step to assess the ability of Earth to sustain our species.
Keywords: Solid waste, legislation, life cycle, emergy, indicators of sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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ACS Summer School in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Energy: Fomenting Awareness and Creativity for Innovative Chemistry FLORÊNCIO, T. M.; MALPASS, G. R. P. (UFTM)
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Abstract: The concept and applications of Green Chemistry are not a novelty in countries with a well-established chemical industry and universities. Since awareness about su stainability and environment is increasing exponent ially, investment in education and in academic areas is viable not only to foment research and development in side the scientific community but also to provide an exchang e of ideas potentially applicable to achieve the go als implicit in the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. Remarkab ly, the American Chemical Society has been committed to Sustainable Energy and Green Chemistry since 2003, with an initiative of holding a series of meetings as Summer Schools gathering graduate students and postdocs in volved with R&D in the areas of environment, green chemistry and sustainability with sponsorship of va rious oundations resulting in no cost for the acce pted applicants. The Summer School happens every year and offers in one week lectures, applied exercises and interactive activities, enabling networking between representatives of industries, researchers and the students themselves. Even though applications are only accep ted from students of the Americas, students from nationalities of all around the world who study in the Americas have attended the ACS Summer School. Keywords: Green chemistry, sustainability, sustainable energy, education. |
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Action of Chemical Leasing in Production Processes aimed at Sustainability BARROS, M. J. (UNIMEP/IFPR), OLIVEIRA, M. C.; GONÇALES FILHO, M. (UNIMEP)
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Abstract: The Chemical Leasing is a model geared to the activities of buying and selling of chemicals, where the manufacturer seeks to develop productivity, through the efficient use of chemicals and the interest of the parties involved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the proposal of chemical leasing as a more sustainable alternative of the manufactures and consumers of chemical in its manufacturing process. The attention turns to acceptance of a partnership model between manufacturer and consumer of chemicals attention turns to acceptance of a partnership model between manufacturer and consumer of chemicals with the provision of chemical solution service, consisting of orientation, process optimization and rationalization of usage, that shifts the focus from the increase in sales volume, to a value-added approach aiming to achieve sustainability. The approach used was the exploratory study designed from already published material. To the relationship between the traditional models oriented to sales volume, and the products and services-oriented model. The contribution is in possibly point out that companies using management model aimed at the sharing of responsibilities in the interests of sustainability, can expect a reduction of costs compared to traditional systems, and that this format of shared management saves natural resources. And so, possibly reducing the quantities of chemicals, which can have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainability, Chemical Leasing, Industry, Green Chemistry. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Additional Step in PET Recyling to Enhance Properties S. D. Mancini; J. A. S. Schwartzman; A. R. Nogueira; D. A. Kagohara (UNESP)
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Abstract: Poly (ethylene terephthalate) –PET- recycling usually involves grinding, washing, drying and reprocessing. This study presents the results of an extra step in PET recycling: a chemical washing after the conventional one, aiming the production of more valuable recycled polymers. Oil PET bottles flakes were washed only with water and then submitted to reaction with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 5M at 90oC for 10 minutes (chemical washing). After rinsing and drying, the flakes were characterized by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis tests. The results indicated a higher purity of the chemical washed material in comparison with PET washed only with water: 99,3% and 96,7%, respectively. Keywords: Recycling, PET, washing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Adequacy of the Food Complex of the Goiás Engineering Club to Cleaner Production MELVIN, I. B.; MARENGÃO, M.; AVELAR, G.; PASQUALETTO, A.; MURO JR., A. (IFG)
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Abstract: Operating with the technologies of Cleaner Production, it has been undertaken an analysis of the production processes of the food complex of the Engineering Club of Goiás (CENG), located in Goiânia, Brazil, in order to indicate the parts of the productive sector that potentially cause environmental and economic impacts. It was adopted a quantification methodology for the food residues generated by the kitchen in a midweek day and a weekend, from preparation and consumption of meals and use of disposable cups and charcoal. After the analysis, alternatives were proposed to optimize the processes, minimizing the problems found, so as to combine economic advantages with ecological advantages, suggesting practices of Cleaner Production associated with Environmental Education. The results showed the need for the adequation of the club’s food complex and implantation of Cleaner Production, once it has as its principles the application of Environmental Education, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development. With the demonstration of the viability of projects like this, many productive sectors that do not deal with sustainability for considering it inapplicable will recognize the importance of applying the concept in their services, in addition to using the necessary techniques and tools to adapt themselves into Cleaner Production. By this means, measures are implemented in order to improve the food processing in a sustainable manner and to raise awareness among the community and the employees involved. Furthermore, it is concluded that the productive activity in restaurants, kitchens and cafeterias has potential to implement sustainable practices, using the Cleaner Production program. Keywords: Cleaner Production; Sustainability, Restaurants, Kitchen, Food Residues [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Adequacy to environmental law and to economic production: a study of Missal municipality (PR) - 2005-2007 F. L. S. Campos; P. G. S. C. M. Gomes (Faculdade Anglo-Americana-PR); D. Mondardo; K. S. Fernandes; L. B. dos Santos (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The occupation of Brazilian territory has always been accomplished without planning, causing great damage to the environment. This study intends to compare the economical losses with the adaptation to the environmental legislation (Brazilian Law 4.771, of 15/09/1965), of economic activities performed in the municipal district of Missal (PR), in the period of 2005-2007, with the earnings of the environmental improvement and the "sale" of CO2 quotas. After visits to the studied area, use of GPS and economical calculations and adaptation, it could be concluded that the environmental and economical earnings are larger than the costs associated to the environmental handling. Keywords: Environmental legislation, economic production, Missal |
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Adsorption of Acid Orange 8 from Aqueous Solution onto Zeolites Synthesized from Coal Fly Ashes Modified by Surfactant BERTOLINI, T. C. R.; MAGDALENA, C. P.; IZIDORO, J. C.; CUNICO, P.; FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN-CENEN/SP)
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Abstract: The adsorption of Acid Orange 8 (AL8) over zeolites from coal fly ashes modified by surfactant was evaluated. The coal ashes used in the synthesis of zeolite (ZCC) by alkaline hydrothermal treatment were collected in thermal power plants Jorge Lacerda (SC) and Figueira (PR). The modification of zeolites was performed by mixing ZCC with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide a nd the materials obtained were modified zeolite Jorge Lacerda (ZMJ) and modified zeolite Figueira (ZMF). The dye adsorption equilibrium was reached after 90 min for ZMF and ZMJ. The experimental data were best fitted to the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order for both adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was described in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and Freundlich model was the most compatible with the experimental data for ZMJ and ZMF. The maximum adsorption capacities were 5.29 mg g-1 for the AL8/ZMJ and 1.79 mg g-1 for the AL8/ZMF. Keywords: zeolite; coal fly ashes; modified zeolites; acid dye; adsorption. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 Dye From Aqueous Solution By Coal Fly Ash P. Cunico; C. P. Magdalena; T. E. M. Carvalho; D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CENEN - São Paulo)
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Abstract: The fly ash (CC6), a waste generated in a coal-fired electric power generation, was used as adsorbent to remove Reactive Black 5 (RP 5) dye from aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time was investigated on the adsorption process. The amounts adsorbed at equilibrium were measured. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested for their applicability. The isotherm adsorption data fit accordingly to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.58 mg/g. The experimental results showed a high percentage removal of 44 to 91% for CC6. The high percentage removal of RB 5 dye onto fly ashes revealed that these materials could potentially be used as adsorbents in the reactive dye removal from textile wastewater. Keywords: Adsorbent, dye, fly ash, reactive black 5 [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solution by Surfactant Modificed Zeolite from Coal Bottom Ash ALCÂNTARA, R. R., IZIDORO, J. C., FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN - CNEN/SP)
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Abstract: Zeolitic material synthesized from coal bottom ash was modified by surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Surfactant modified zeolite (ZMSPB) was used as alternative low cost adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption equilibration was attained after 40 min of the contact time. The adsorption kinetics was tested for models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich. The adsorption isotherm was analyzed using non-linear equations of the model Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and the criterion of best fit was evaluated using error functions. The obtained adsorption data were better described by the D-R model. The results showed that ZMSPB is a good adsorbent for the removal of RB from aqueous effluent. Keywords: Zeolite, Adsorption, Rhodamine B, Coal bottom ash. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Advantages of Cleaner Production Implementation O. D. Perretti; N. Palmeri; G. Oliveira Neto; R. Kronig; O. Vendrametto (UNIP)
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Abstract: The increasing ecological awareness, ambient preservation, social justice and concern with the future generations are directly related to the sustainable development of the companies. This paper approaches the concept of Cleaner Production organized for activities of production and the positive effect to the environment. Through examples of improvement on packings, applied in a big multinational company installed in Brazil and in a small national industry, it is shown the search for the improvement in its processes and the phases of the production cycle that can adjust the environmentally acceptable criteria. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Aggregating the Environmental Benefits and Economic Benefits: A case study with application of CP K. Faccin (UCS); T. Benvenuti (UERGS); D. Maffessoni (UERGS); J. M. Rocha (UNIPAMPA)
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Abstract: The new economic context, based on fierce competition in the quest for market leadership, coupled with the rigid posture of customers, focused on the expectation to interact with organizations that are ethical, with good corporate image in the market and act in environmentally responsible, makes that companies seek to increase efficiency in the use of raw materials, water and energy through the non-generation, minimization or recycling of waste and emissions generated, bringing environmental benefits, occupational health and economic. This article describes the implementation of a program for cleaner production (P + L) in a typical metalworking firm, located in the cluster's production serra gaúcha. The methods used were the single case study and action research. We used several sources of data such as: documents, index, written reports and spreadsheets used by the company. This study aimed to contribute to the clarification of this issue, considered in the emerging globalized world. We tried to also provide information that could help with the learning of other organizations that are in this same context, and emphasize the benefits of P + L for businesses. With the implementation of cleaner production methodology of the company significantly reduced the generation of waste and the costs associated with them. It also reduced costs to the consumption of raw materials. With minimum investment return in that small space of time could accumulate economic and environmental benefits. Keywords: Cleaner Production. productive efficiency. economic benefits, environmental benefits [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Agricultural Landscape Change and Land Footprint: The Case Study of Sardinia, Italy LOMBARDI, G.V. (University of Florence - Italy); ATZORI, R. (Uniser - Italy); COCCO, A. (University of Cagliari - Italy)
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Abstract: Urban population growth has triggered a process of change in rural areas and landscape patterns. This transformation has a twofold consequence. On one hand, land conversion causes loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction (Deng et al., 2017). On the other hand, higher levels of food demand, together with the reduction of available land, endanger the capability of supplying food at local level. The local food systems and food security is increasingly dependent by trade and transport costs. Local food system conservation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the pursuit of sustainable and bio based economy perspective. Land food footprint is a significant tool in assessing food self-sufficiency, land displacement and thus food system sustainability. In this paper we analyse the evolution of land food footprint and landscape diversity in Sardinia over the period 1970-2010 to assess the impact of land use change and food systems evolution. Time series show a decrease in landscape diversity and greater degrees of few landscape elements dominance, agricultural specialization and declining selfsufficiency. In summary, these results show that diversified and traditional crops have been replaced by specialised, less labour-intensive crops and that the local food system is integrated by food imports, resulting in land unbalance (land displacement), in landscape features simplification and in rural settlements abandon. Keywords: Land food footprint; Landscape diversity; Food planning; Landscape quantitative analysis; Land use. |
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Air Pollution Emissions Trade of State of São Paulo A. F. P. Pedro; S. P. Nogueira; F. D. Soler (Pedro Pinheiro Advogados)
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Abstract: The necessity of compatible economic-social development with a minimization of the increasing effects of pollution levels, and the degradation of air quality took the Estate of São Paulo to publish Decrees number 48.523/04 and number 50.753/06, “Decrees of Aerial Basin”. Those norms conjugate instruments of command and economic control for environment management of emissions, relying on the strength of the market to change the behavior of the industrious. In this way, the Atmospheric Emission Reduction Units (CEAR’s) arise, as a tool of market that aims to ensure economic and environment efficiency for the control of air pollution, stimulating new sources to pay for the “right of polluting” and the existing sources to invest in new and clean technologies to generate credits that can be sold. After that, it was necessary to create the Paulista Market of Atmospheric Emission (MPEA), aim of this study, which is an environment for negotiating the rights to use the credits. This market is currently in phase of consolidation and is a simplified system, aiming to transmit credibility and transparency to the transference processes of CEAR’s, everything according to the environment protection and Brazilian Civil Code. The Paulista Atmospheric Emission Market aims allocating funds more efficiently, as the entrepreneur decides on the most convenient strategy, whether investing on atmospheric polluter emission reduction on industrial plant or on acquiring rights with sellers who produced and detain CEAR’s. Keywords: Emission market; aerial basin; economical instruments; atmospheric emission reduction units (CEAR’s) [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Air Treatment Station: A Proposal Air Pollution Reduction BREJÃO, A. S., MORAES, M. O., VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP), BREJÃO, L. F. (UFABC)
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Abstract: Evaluate the implementation of a project to build Air Treatment Station (ATS's) that are designed to filter out polluting particles suspended in the air and humidifies it. Although the city of São Paulo is used as a reference for research, air pollution is a global issue that is the cause of serious problems to man, characterized as a public health problem. An ATS can be built in different scales and can contribute to improving air quality both indoors establishments like hospitals and underground stations subway as in open areas such as roads and industrial zones. Keywords: Air Treatment Station; Air Pollution; Particles in suspension; soot; Public health. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Alternative Fuels and Cogeneration for Reducing CO2 Emissions J. A. P. Balestieri (UNESP)
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Abstract: Electricity cogeneration is growing worldwide based on the burning of fossil fuels – especially natural gas. Although its low emission factors, it is important to consider that the availability of natural resources must be taken into account for a long-term investment in the electricity generation sector. The identification of alternative renewable fuels and the integration of cogeneration to certain industrial processes that produce some of these alternative fuels are evaluated in this paper. Keywords: Cogeneration, alternative fuels, CO2 emissions minimization |
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Alternative Sustainable Dyeing of Textiles with Ionic Liquid RIBEIRO, F. R. G. (UEM/UTFPR); CABRAL, V. F.; SILVA, C. (UEM); ANDREAUS, J. (FURB); CARDOZO-FILHO, L.; CROSCATO, G. S.; SILVA, A. B.; MORAES, M. R. (UEM)
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Abstract: The dyeing processes are extremely important for the differentiation and marketing of textile products. The dyeing takes place by fixing the dye molecule to the fibers, usually aqueous, that is, using water as the primary solvent
for the process. It is estimated that spends on average 125 liters of water per kilogram of textile article produced.
Whereas there is currently great interest in finding environmentally sustainable substances for this process, one of
the alternatives is the use of Ionic Liquid (IL) as
solvent substance for dyeing textiles due to its low cost, simple
synthesis, biodegradation of high character and abi
lity reuse. The Protic Ionic Liquids (LIP) are prod
uced by acid-
base reaction. Until now, there has been few studies directed towards application LI for application to textile
dyeing thus justified studies in this area. This study will present multi-fiber textile dyeing fabrics using Ionic
Liquids base Diethanolamine (DEA) as a solvent instead of water. The analyzes of the results will be made in
equipment spectrophotometer, observing the graph of
K/S. Keywords: Textile Dyeing, Dye, Fiber, Ionic Liquid, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Alternatives Reuse for Waste of Treatment Plants Water and Sewage: The Brazilian Situation NASCIMENTO, C. M. S.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE)
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Abstract: The existence of an environmental sanitation system that meets the population for public water supply and sewage is so relevant for basic needs. This infrast ructure prevents water borne diseases and improves life's quality. However, the treatment process of water and out puts produces solid waste. Therefore, this activity has brought concerns about the proper disposal of these wastes produced by Treatment Stations Water –ETA, and Sewage-ETE. The waste accumulated during the treatment process has as destination the aquatic system and soils of land near the stations. This is deposited in nature form, without any pretreatment, which causes large environmental damage by insertion of chemical and biological contaminants in these environments, contained in the waste disposed. So-called sludge ETA and ETE possess highly toxic organic load to the environment. The adoption of alternative measures for proper disposal is an urgent issue. This approach brings work on reuse of material from the procedures operating of stations in some segments identified as units of utilization of these wastes. Keywords: Sanitation. Solid waste. Reuse.
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Ambiental Valoration and Energy Generation with System Subproduct of Urban Solid Waste for Pirolysys FRIMAIO, G. (IFAC); FRIMAIO, C. A. (UFABC)
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Abstract: The biosphere’s capacity to absorb the waste generated by society has been long overcharged. Every year it is generated around 1.8 billion tons of urban solid waste (USW) in the world. Brazil produces 7.5 million tons and disposes 58.3% in landfills, and the rest is deposited in controlled landfills and open dumpsites. The appropriate USW management problem has showed to be a challenge, as factors such as quantity, volume, variety and complexity of waste entail risks for human health and the environment. Regulations implanted in Brazil in 2010 encourage the adoption of new alternatives for waste treatment and the development of clean technologies as a way to minimize environmental impacts, as well as technologies that aim to the urban solid waste’s energy recovery. In this sense, this study uses the emergy synthesis to evaluate a pioneer USW treatment system in Brazil – the Natureza Limpa Project – installed in the municipality of Unaí in Minas Gerais state, where the slow pyrolysis treatment for urban solid waste is applied. The indicators justify that the system is capable of performing gains in joules of energy (J) and emergy (sej) and presents great potential not only for waste treatment in Brazil, but also as a promising energy source, which is capable to assist on the energy demand by means of the exceeding production of 2.3 tons of charred urban waste, which is capable of producing 3.25x103 joules of energy per gram of treated waste. Keywords: Emergy, USW treatment, pyrolysis, Natureza Limpa Project |
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An Assessment Study of the Monthly Complementarity of Renewable Energy Resources in Colombia PEÑA GALLARDO, R. (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí - Mexico); OSPINO CASTRO, A. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: In order to assess the feasibility of a combined use of renewable energy sources over a determined region, it is necessary to carry out complementarity studies. These studies let us know the generation profile of renewable energy sources, with high variability, over a specific interval of time and establish a possible match between two or more different energy sources. Such is the case of wind and solar energy sources. In this paper is presented an assessment study of the monthly complementarity of wind and solar resources over Colombia for electricity generation. It is proposed to assess the complementarity based on a novel approach, using a dataset obtained from high-resolution images of wind and solar monthly resource maps of Colombia; images previously treated using image processing techniques. Then, the dataset is used to calculate average energy generation on each month of the year, and the complementarity of both renewable resources is obtained calculating the degree of correlation between them, with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained results show a good degree of complementarity between both energy sources in some regions of Colombia, at the different seasons of the year. The results obtained in this study can be useful to identify regions with high potential of installation of power generation plants based on wind and solar energy. Keywords: Complementarity study, image processing techniques, photovoltaic energy, wind energy. |
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An Eco-Friendly Harvesting of Microalgae Using Combination of Microbial Flocculant and Chitosan in Simulated Eutrophic Water JIANCHAO HAO (Nanjing Normal University - China/Tianjin Agricultural University - China); HUIFEN LIU; WEI ZHOU; LIJUN SHI; XIANZHI LU; BIN LIAN (Tianjin Agricultural University - China)
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Abstract: Cyanobacteria usually occurred in eutrophic waters, but the harvesting of microalgal biomass by flocculation was still facing a major technological and economic challenge. In order to solve this problem, the combination of microbial flocculant (MBF) and chitosan was used to flocculate the biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa. The addition sequence of MBF and chitosan had an important influence on flocculation, and the best flocculation method was as follow: MBF (5 mL/L) was added firstly into algal culture, then the chitosan (30 mg/L) was added, MBF (5 mL/L) was added again at last. In this way, all the algal cells aggregated together, and the algal flocs floated on the surface of solution and the algal flocs could be harvested by net (0.15 mm) easily, which exhibited the highest separation efficiency of 98.33 %,the lowest total phosphorus of 0.74 mg/L and neutral pH (6.61) of supernatant. Zeta potential measurement confirmed the flocculation mechanism was charge neutralization. Microscopic observation revealed that some bubbles attached to the algal flocs which increased buoyancy of flocs. Some advantages above proved that combination of chitosan and MBF was a promising technology to harvest cyanobacteria. Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa, microbial flocculant, chitosan, flocculation, zeta potential. |
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An International Review of Sustainability in Higher Education Studies: A Messy Concept with Contradictory Attitudes VIEGAS, C. V. (UNISINOS); BOND, A. J. (University of East Anglia, UK); SELLITTO, M. A. (UNISINOS)
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Abstract: Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE) represents a comprehensive and complex set of plans and initiatives involving institutional context (universities and their management board for “greening the campuses”), and educational actors (students, teachers, community stakeholders) in pursuit ofsuitable ways for a sustainable environment in teaching, learning and promoting community values. This paper reviews 26 international selected studies on SHEfrom a pool of 137 identified in academic databases, published between 2000 and 2014. The analysis identifiedfive constructs that pervade such studies: (i) students’ views on sustainability; (ii) students’ literacy; (iii) students’ attitudes; (iv) main pedagogies employed; (vii) universities’ roles. Based on these constructs it was found that: (i) students have a broad and confused view of sustainability, although they associate it with practice and attitudinal change, mainly towards the environment; (ii) they present low level of literacy for sustainability; (iii)their attitudes tend to be contradictory when compared with their beliefs, as they are inclined to remain in a comfort zone of no change; (iv)they are typicallytrained by technical meansor business modules on sustainability, but criticise lectures and tutorials, preferring participatory activities; (v) universities’ rolesare seen aspromotion of sustainability awareness and adoption of environmental management, although these are not clear missions for the managers of these institutions. Keywords: Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE); environmental literacy; environmental learning; environmental attitudes.
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An Introduction to the Nature of Wicked Problems - Ecological Challenges as Super Wicked BITTENCOURT, E. (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: In this paper the concept of “wickedness” is presented and discussed, considering the importance of this notion, to correctly deal with problems emerging in ecological systems. The term “wicked problem” was coined by Horst Rittel, who with colleagues perceived the failure of linear approaches to treat design and planning. Failing to recognize a problem as “wicked”, results in the utilization of inappropriate tools to solve challenges in climate change, leading to the use of inadequate methodology and management procedures, fit only to treat “tame problems”. Ecology is considered as a “super-wicked” problem, due to its innumerous uncertainties, interdependencies, and social fragmentation of the stakeholders involved. Ecological systems consist of an integrated and coherent association of dissipative structures, where the whole is not given by the sum o its parts, as known from complexity theory. Ecology consists of a network of open, nonlinear systems, hierarchically structured, highly integrated, adaptative whole of the living and non-living, entangled with social, cultural, and economic phenomena. How we perceive and manage this complex network will strongly influence the future of our planet, and hopefully, correctly orient the study of ecological issues as well as contribute to the effort to implement cleaner production practices. We strongly emphasize that this class of problems –wicked- should be made more fami liar to students. Keywords: Wicked, super-wicked, ecology, cleaner production
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Analysis of Bordering Counties in Sao Paulo State and Oil Exploration from the Perspective of Integral Sustainability COSTA, H. K. M.; BARBOSA, L. G. N.; SIMÔES, A. F. A.; SANTOS, E. M. (USP)
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Abstract: After the discoveries of the region known as "pre-salt" in 2007, the Brazilian government haschanged some of the Brazilian laws with the aim of capturing the maximum of the rents arising from the exploration and production of hydrocarbons in this area. The topic discussed here is crucial for the country because the wealth coming from national oil reserves are finite. The oil and natural gas wealth can make a big difference in countries which use those natural resources wisely, for example, Norway has been seen as a good example of how an efficient and clear oil and natural wealth management can become sustainable over time. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the institutional profile of the bordering counties in Sao Paulo state, one of the areas that possibly receive greater amount of income within Brazil in the coming years. The methodology is based on case study by qualitative analysis of development with a focus on socioeconomic profile and potential of the region studied. As a result, the article points out that each beneficiary city should look its own public needs, calling its inhabitants to conduct educational and health programs that are important to that county in order to make the wealth derived from oil sustainable. Keywords: Pre-salt´s rules, oil and natural gas government takes, bordering counties in Sao Paulo State [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of Circular Economy in the Administrative-Managerial Programs of Sustainability in the Public Sector SILVA, R. G. (UFPE); MELLO, D. P.(UFPE/UFRPE); MELO, M. B. C.; ALVES, L. S. (UFPE); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFPE/UFRPE)
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Abstract: Faced with socio-environmental demands, economic growth marked by the socio-metabolic reproduction of capital is becoming increasingly exclusive and predatory. The existing structure of production of goods and services no answers to the new reconfiguration experienced by the current market. The 21st century sees a repositioning of the production chain in the sense of mitigating the negative impacts on the environment. From the study of management models proposed by the public service, it´s possible the implementing or encouraging the structuring for an economic model based on sustainability, since there are government programs that are aligned with the establishment of operational parameters linked to socio-environmental public policies. In this context, the identification of mechanisms that are targeted to the principles of circular economy is relevant to understand of development focused on the parsimonious use of natural resources and in the establishment of modus operandis that encourage the internalization of such precepts by the economy. The purpose of this paper assumes the importance of the aforementioned sector as an example of organization aimed at implementing environmental efficiency, with the possibility of spreading these initiatives in other productive sectors among public and private enterprises. In fact, the reality is still well behind a process of internalization and radical change in the internal management of the public sector regarding the rational use of natural resources and the full implementation of circular economy. Socio-environmental planning, be it voluntary or imposed (Agenda 21, Public Administration Environmental Agenda, Sustainable Logistics Program and Eco Committee of Pernambuco), arises as a regulatory and supervisory instrument of good practices, to assist the process of public governance, to achieve success in the process of changing the inertia toward conscientious action, through socio-environmental responsibility. In this context, it is possible to observe that there are feasible public initiatives that endorse, in many aspects, the ramifications of circular economy. Such initiatives denote the potential for replicability in other organizations under similar conditions. Keywords: Courts; Environmental efficiency; Public administration [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Computer Section of the Group Libra MUNIZ, A. G. L.; NOGUEIRA, M.; AMARAL, F. V. (UNIP)
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Abstract: With technological advances under way, the issue of pollutant emissions and reduced operating costs are important topics to be highlighted in any organization, highlighting the need to accept a different attitude that we use the resources we have available today. From a holistic view, This fact occurs due to financial, business, government, strategic reasons or simply for environmental awareness. With the increase in mass of this problem, computers are part of a select group of pollutants, rated one of the major consumers of electricity, both in its production, and in your life, use and disposal on their behalf directly or indirectly, the increased emission of greenhouse gases that impact the environmental cond ition. This article is part of an abstraction on energy applied to Green IT, which is the sum of the energy management of the economy, with regard to resources. The main objective of this project is to present a proposal to implement a policy of standardization of equipment(laptop / desktop) added to a conscious use, in order to reduce energy consumption, which sees a reduction in electricity cost(TEPHEN, 2009). Keywords: Green IT, Efficiency Environmental, Assessment IT, Energy Consumption Estimation.
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Analysis of Externalities in Production Services under Cleaner Production Model Perspective SILVA, L. F. da (PUC-SP/UNINOVE); GUEVARA, A. J. de H. (PUC-SP); OLIVEIRA, P. S. G. de (UNIB); CONTI, D. de M. (PUC-SP)
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Abstract: This article aims to describe as the application of the methodology of Cleaner Production (CP) interferes with externalities arising out of a process of production services. Therefore, we attempted to as instruments the exploratory research with qualitative approach, ie, based on bibliographic and documentary research built the categories of analysis and subsequent construction of a model for the assessment of production services. In this case it was used to study the provision of receiving invoices services by a bank. Thus, when dealing with this process from the perspective of PML verified the existence of regressive and progressive positive externalities to adopt an electronic system of invoice payments. Keywords: Externalities; Clear Production; PmL; service; Production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Analysis of Metal Chip Recycling Methods Contaminated Considering Approaches to Eco-Efficiency and Eco-Effectiveness MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS/PPG); SIMON, L.; VARGAS, M. (UNISINOS)
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Abstract: The Brazilian law requires that the proper disposal of industrial solid waste is mandatory of the generator. However, due to ignorance or lack of professionals in the environmental area on business, this issue becomes one of the main difficulties encountered in order that the manufacturing process generates, in most cases, waste and environmental impacts, which do not receive the due attention. In other hand, this waste can be utilized as an alternative source to increase eco-efficiency and as a larger object to eco-effectiveness, reducing the impacts, increasing the economic and environmental efficiency and contributing to sustainability. The metal-mechanical sector also faces the problem of environmental management, need urgently adapt to the production process, innovative technologies to act in order to achieve sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ecoefficiency and eco-effectiveness of the methods used in the cleaning of metallic chips contaminated with cutting fluid metallurgical enterprises. So, a study on the reuse of aluminum chips was done by analyzing the cleaning methods used, the method efficiency, the allocation if cannot be reused and evaluated within the aforementioned characteristics, which is the most eco-efficient and/or eco-effective. This review was performed by criteria identified in the literature, to which you can evaluate methods as eco-efficient and eco-effective. In practice found only eco-efficient methods, and among them, some with eco-effective practices. The results show that the culture of repair, reuse, recycle and intended instead to promote actions such as the remodeling of a production system in a closed cycle where no waste generation is now even more practical and realistic. Nonetheless, it is clear that eco-efficient and eco-effective principles improve the environmental performance of companies, reducing expenses related costs for inputs, raw materials and disposal of waste, and contribute to achieve higher levels of sustainability. Keywords: Eco-efficiency; Eco-efectiveness; Metalurgy; Metallic Chips [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Analysis of National Policy on Climate Change in Confrontation with the State Policy on Climate Change in the State of São Paulo L. C. Ribas (UNESP), A. L. Brauer (FSP), I. F. Barbosa (UFSCar)
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Abstract: In this article were analyzed the new National Policy on Climate Change, Law No. 12.187/09, compared with the State Policy on Climate Change of the State of São Paulo State Law No. 13.798/09. To develop the study, the authors correlated the new National Policy on Climate Change, its challenges, new regulatory frameworks, difficulties in defining targets for economic sectors, the estimation of greenhouse gases reduction, such as commitment signed by the government in relation to the current State Policy on Climate Change of the State of São Paulo. They conclude that the São Paulo State is one step ahead of the National Policy on Climate Change, with respect to state law be earlier than federal law, and the provision by the end of the second half of 2010 Pioneer Inventory greenhouse effect. The new milestone in the National Policy on Climate Change constitutes a serious commitment of Brazil, which marked a change of attitude in the country face the discussions on climate, and highlighted the historical role of industrialized countries front the concentration of greenhouse effect, and their responsibilities in securing financial assistance to developing countries in carrying out mitigating actions in order to ensure a balanced environment of diffuse right for the good of all and future generations, and only with concessions for all countries to reach a new climate agreement. Keywords: National Policy, Climate Change. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of phenolic compounds, methylxanthins and antioxidant activity of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) residue: a new potential source of antioxidants M. A. Vieira; M. Maraschin; C. M. Pagliosa; R. Podestá; R. D. de M. C. Ambonie (UFSC)
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Abstract: The erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) is a plant found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, countries with the only producer worldwide occurrence, which holds significant social and economic importance. Due to the beneficial effects of erva-mate, its consumption is not confined only to producing countries. Among these tasks is their antioxidant properties, which can contribute to protection against oxidative processes in the human body, among these tasks is their, such as phenolic compounds and tannins the chemical compounds responsible for this effect and stimulant properties attributed to its contents of methylxanthins, such as caffeine. The aims of this research were to evaluate the phenolic, methylxanthinic and tannin composition of erva-mate residue (mate powder), to compare the quali/quantitative phenolic composition of extracts obtained from distinct solvent systems and the antioxidant potential of those extracts. Among the extracts prepared with different solvents, the 80% methanol extract showed the highest total polyphenol content (11.51 g/100g) followed by methanol acid, ethanol acid, 80% ethanol, distilled water and water acid. To compare the results of the TPC and antioxidant activity of the extracts is possible to observe that the higher phenolic content of the extracts resulted in increased antioxidant capacity in DPPH• e ABTS•+ methods. HPLC analysis showed 4,5 dicaffeoylquinic acid as the highest component of the phenolic fraction of mate powder followed by clorogenic acid. The caffeine, teobromina and tannin contents in mate powder were 1.01, 0.10 and 0.29 g/100g respectively. According to the results, this residue can be used as an ingredient in the formulation of functional foods adding value to the waste generated during processing of the erva-mate. Consumption of mate powder would significantly contribute to the antioxidant and stimulants intake, providing high amounts of phenolic acids, tannin and methylxanthins with potentially beneficial biological effects for human health. Keywords: Ilex paraguariensis, residues, mate powder, phenolic acid, antioxidant capacity, methylxanthins, tannin [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of the Application of AQUA Certification in Civil Construction in Brazil M. L. Oliveira, C. B. da Silveira, O. L. G. Quelhas, V. J. Lameira (UFF)
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Abstract: The accelerated development of constructions of buildings in large cities brings degrading impacts on the environment and people's lives. One can consider another point of observation concerns not only the volume of inputs used, but the strong consumption of resources like water, electricity, discomfort in the vicinity of the project, ventilation. Society as agent of change has required the use of these resources better entrepreneurs associated with the economy, reduction and even total replacement forcing streamlined and sustainable innovation. In order to improve the quality of the built environment and minimize its negative impact on the natural environment, various methods for measuring sustainability is being developed by different countries and regions. The study aims to analyze the methodology High Environmental Quality (HEQ) of international review and adapted to Brazil by Vanzolini, its criteria, definition of parameters for the management and monitoring, structure and applicability. It is discussing its convergence with the dimensions of sustainability: social, cultural, environmental and economic criteria and the certification and maintenance of the title. As a result it was possible to verify which requirements are suitable for the methodology of sustainability certification, policies and proposed criteria, management and future studies. Keywords: Civil Engineering, Sustainable Construction, Green Buildings, Certification HEQ. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of the Efficiency between Different Adhesives for the Manufacture of Laminated Bamboo Panels KRAVCHENKO, G. A. (PUC-GO); FERREIRA, E. M. (PUC-GO/UFG); PASQUALETTO, A. (IFGOIAS)
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Abstract: In each product production process, the incorporation of techniques and methods to reduce waste and environmental issues are generally facilitating the maintenance of a natural more balanced. The clean production is a good alternative for this to occur. Considering the whole production cycle and incorporating environmentally sustainable techniques, the life cycle of industrialized something is optimized, which prevents techniques pipe end. The bamboo plant easy to grow and good workability, has been applied in various purposes such as the production of flooring, furniture, fixtures and even decorative structures in civil construction and cement. This plant to be inserted in the manufacture of laminated bamboo plates avoids, for example, species of wood endangered may be used. When used, this plant is from crops specifically grown for various purposes which may have bamboo and features. Something has researched in countries like Brazil, specifically in Goiás. This work has as main goal to evaluate the efficiency of different adhesives used for making laminated bamboo panels. In forming laminated boards, the process can be summarized in the defoliation of the plant and general cleaning for the removal of unwanted parts, cutting planer four sides for finishing cutting, gluing of parts and finally finishing determine where this material may be applied. This technical-scientific research laboratory tests were performed, where properties of twelve laminated bamboo beams can be compared. The plant was chosen type Dendrocalamus giganteus. This genus is one of the best to perform carpentry work. For each type of adhesive applied to the plates of laminated bamboo, bending tests (reduced size), hardness, density, screw with drawal, shear stress and shear stress at the glue line, a tool constituted conclusive on the workability of the different Products promoters junction between the parts that form the plywood. In some types of adherent reviews have not responded well to tests, bringing the disruption of certain body-of-evidence, but one can prove the efficiency of adhesives used in the manufacture of laminated bamboo. The technology of bamboo utilization for the formation of products useful in our daily lives is something shown by research centers of renowned educational institutions, and this work is the result of a detailed study on the plates made with bamboo. In environments with significant levels of humidity and temperatures can shorten the use of furniture, laminate made with Dendrocalamus giganteus has higher efficiency over other matters falling in the furniture industry. Keywords: Bamboo laminate, sustainable technologies, clean production, furniture industry, environmentally sustainable materials |
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Analysis of the Emergy Indicators for the Installation of a Landfill in the Southern Region of Minas Gerais FRIMAIO, C. A. (UFABC); FRIMAIO, G.; CECÍLIA, M. V. B. (UNIP); FRIMAIO, A.; SILVA C. C. (IFSULDEMINAS)
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Abstract: More than 50% of brazilian cities plae their urban solid wastes (USW) in places with no previous treatment and adequate control, according to data from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (PNSB/IBGE, 2002), although Law 12.305 (PNRS, 2010) forbids the existence of dumps and encourages more environment-friendly treatment techniques.In this sense, a study was made simulating a landfill implantation that contemplates some cities in south Minas Gerais, which residuals are placed in open dumps, based on studies of the emergy synthesis from São João Landfill in São Paulo. The calculations were made regarding the population average of each city in a period of 12 years. For the annual solid waste generation rate per habitant it was used data from Panorama de Resíduos Sólidos do Brasil (ABRELPE, 2011), that corresponds to 341,275 kgRSD.year/hab of waste. This paper concludes that approximately 5.45E+06 m3 of biogas and 2,72E+06 m3 of CH4 (Methane gas) would be produced.The indicators in emergy point that the landfill system simulated for south Minas Gerais area is not sustainable because it would use 73,98% of the resources coming from the economy. Although it worths highlight that without the implantation of a landfill in this area and the use of inputs from the economy the impacts to the environment would be much more overwhelming. Keywords: Emergy; landfill; sustainability; environment; Landfill waste.
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Analysis of MSW to Energy Conversion Process for Sustainable Community GABBAR, H. A.; ABOUGHALY, M. (University of Ontario - Canada)
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Abstract: Municipal solid waste witnessed an exponential increase globally due to plastic, paper and organic material high production without considering appropriate recycling strategies. Pyrolysis and gasification is considered the most promising chemical recycling techniques, which can help prevent incineration and landfilling. Both processes have low environmental impacts, high product value, ability of electricity generation illustrated in this work. The paper discusses the major process units in industrial chemical recycling plants, life cycle assessment (LCA) in terms of GHG emissions, process stages and system design and justifies gasification and pyrolysis over other thermal treatment methods. Pyrolysis and gasification produce hydrocarbon gaseous and liquid products which can be utilized for energy production or chemicals synthesis while only incineration produce thermal energy. Both processes also produce the highest electrical production per ton in comparison with incineration with higher carbon dioxide emissions than incineration but lower dioxins, NOx, HCl, CO emissions. Keywords: Sustainable engineering, clean energy, global warming, pyrolysis, gasification, incineration |
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Analysis of Post-Retail Cardboard Chain from the Perspective of Green Supply Chain Management DIAS, K. T. S.; FERRARI, D. B.; BRAGA JR., S. S.; SATOLO, E. G.; PUTTI, F. F. (UNESP)
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Abstract: To remain competitive, organizations establish integrations with their partners, customers and suppliers through a supply chain. This integration occurs through the sharing of resources and information, in a cohesive and high performance business model, in order to meet the needs of consumers. One of the competitive strategies adopted in the supply chain management (SCM) context is the green supply chain management (GSCM) approach. This approach, like SCM, helps organizations and their partners achieve corporate profit and market share goals, but incorporates environmental aspects related to operational activities that occur along the chain, since environmental concerns have been a frequent theme in the business world. One of the practices supported by GSCM is reverse logistics, which allows the return of products and packaging to the production cycle, thus promoting the mitigation of possible environmental impacts, if these products / packaging were incorrectly discarded. Regarding the packaging, the return activities correspond to the reverse logistics of post-consumption, and refer to those products that have reached the end of their useful life. However, when it comes to cardboard packs, these are commonly reused, since they have favorable characteristics for such accomplishment, such as: high strength, easy handling and low cost. Thus, it is considered that the shelf life of the cardboard is not limited to the final consumer and therefore the chain to which this product belongs is not restricted to this agent either, as SCM scope analyzes are generally conducted. In this sense, starting from the retail perspective, as the corporate agent closest to the consumer, this study aims to analyze the structure of the cardboard chain, given from the discarding of retail, from the perspective of the GSCM. Therefore, the methodology adopted is a qualitative approach, of a descriptive and exploratory nature. The data were collected through bibliographic research and the conduction of semi-structured interviews with the organizations belonging to the cardboard chain. The information obtained allowed the elaboration of a mapping, in which it was possible to identify that, after being discarded by the retail sector, the cardboard is directed to three different paths, being two chains of consumption and one of discarding. In addition, after this identification, we conducted analyzes of each destination of the cardboard by the environmental perspective given by the approach of the GSCM. As a result of this analysis, it was identified that the most appropriate way that cardboard can take after its disposal is to follow a recycling chain, which will allow the reduction of environmental impacts regarding the extraction of natural raw materials, as well as the economy of resources such as water and energy. Keywords: Cardboard. Retail. GSCM. Disposal of packaging [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of the Application of the LEED Methodology in a Building in the City of São Luís-MA FERREIRA, L. A.; NETO, A. F. V.; DEMETRIO, J. C. C.; DEMETRIO F. J. C. (UEMA)
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Abstract: Daily debates are held regarding the environment, resource rationalization and green building, and Brazil follows the worldwide trend of technological development in search of products that follow the sustainable line. Faced with this problem, which is not limited to this country, Green Buildings represent a significant contribution to reducing the consumption of natural resources, both in the construction and operation of buildings (maintenance). Within this framework, environmental certification is an important instrument that has great potential to implement better sustainability practices in the sector. This paper focuses on the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) methodology, which is a certification for sustainable constructions, conceived and awarded by the US Green Building Council (USGBC), according to rationalization criteria of resources (energy, water, etc.) served by a building. It will be presented the LEED certification, an application of the same in a work in the city of São Luís, its advantages and a comparison of costs in the implementation of the criteria of the LEED methodology. Keywords: Environmental Certification, Sustainable construction, LEED Methodology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of the Life Cycle of the Bioethanol Production of the Sugar Cane. Case Study: Ingenio Risaralda S.A. GONZÁLEZ, L.F. (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira/Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Colombia); MONTOYA, J. A. (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira/ - Colombia); MARÍN, G.A. (Ingenio Risaralda S.A. - Colombia)
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Abstract: The cultivation of sugarcane Sacharum officinaru, was introduced to Colombia in the fifteenth century, and due to the country’s climate it has the advantage that it can be grown throughout the year. The Sugar Bioindustrial Cluster is located in the geographical valley of the Cauca River (Colombia). This productive sector was industrialized with its core business the specialization in the process of sugar production and then expanding its industrial activity to the production of biofuels (ethanol fuel) and to the generation of electricity. The main objectives for the sustainability of the sector are to seek the reduction of fossil fuel use in the world and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This work presents the results of the analysis of potential environmental impacts of the bioethanol produced at Ingenio Risaralda SA, based on Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. To obtain the results, the LCA stages were examined following ISO 14040 standard. Among these stages, the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) phase was the most demanding, because it is the field data collection phase and its subsequent structuring for the LCA. With the inventory completed, the LCI information was introduced in SimaPro software, version 8.2.3. For the environmental impact analysis, the project focused on the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method, which evaluates 18 impact categories. The system studied includes the bioethanol supply chain at the Ingenio Risaralda S.A. at the field, harvest, factory, distillery and electricity cogeneration phases. It was found that the field phase is responsible for 4 of the 18 impact categories; that harvest phase contributes to 5 of the 18; the factory phase is responsible for 7 of the 18; the distillery phase contributes to 2 of the 18, and the cogeneration phase implies a positive environmental impact in the climate change category, since it uses the energy in the form of heat produced by the bagasse to generate steam and then through the use of turbogenerators to electric energy. For 2015, the calculated emissions from the bioethanol production of sugar cane at Ingenio Risaralda S.A.,were of 138 kg CO2 eq / m3. This result is very good when compared to the data obtained by the climate change studies of the Sugar Cane Research Center (CENIСAÑA) which for 2010 was 909 kg CO2 eq / m3 and for 2015 was 476 kg CO2 eq / m3. The Ingenio Risaralda S.A. study showed an environmentally clean behavior, due to the non-use of coal in its heaters and boilers, besides it was assumed that the cogenerated energy sold to external customers was environmentally beneficial. Keywords: Sugarcane, bioethanol, Life cycle analysis, SimaPro software, potential environmental impacts. |
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Analysis of the Residual Generation in a Gemstone Processing Industry: A Case Study with Reuse Proposition SINDELAR, F. C. W.; BARDEN, J. E.; STULP, S. (UNIVATES)
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Abstract: The gemstone productive chain and jewelry is an important income source and job generator in Brazil, since the country stands out worldwide for the extraction and processing of these materials. However, this activity generates a high volume of waste. In this way, this work aims at analyzing the generation of waste in a gemstone processing industry and at proposing alternatives for its treatment and reuse in other applications, like, for example, in the composition of ceramic clay. This is a quantitative approach research of descriptive and exploratory character, and there were used bibliographies and case study. As a result, it was observed that at the end of beneficiation process just 65% of the parts come into conformity, while 35% of them have some kind of defect. Furthermore, in terms of volume, it appears that only 15% of the gems become final finished product, and the remainder being transformed into various types of solid and liquid residues, infected by cutting o il that need to be treated properly so that they can have an environmentally correct destination and guarantee the sustainability of the activity. Keywords: Beneficiation process, gems and jewelry, residues. |
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Analysis of the Technological Impact for Industry and its Effects on the Production and Destination of its Waste: A Case Study of the Industry of Surfboards BARCELOS, R. L. (Faculdades SENAC); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL); LERIPIO, A. A. (UNIVALI)
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Abstract: The concept of Cleaner Production advocates the continuous application of preventive and integrated environmental strategies to processes, products and services, incorporating the most efficient use of natural resources and minimizing the generation of waste and pollution, as well as the risks To human health. But not always technological innovations in production bring with it an improvement for Cleaner Production. The surfboard industry has been dismissive of P & L. Works pointed to a concentration of the residues of the productive process in the manufacturers due to the verticalization of the production stages. But from the incorporation of the technology of machining of the blocks of polyurethane through Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) there was a horizontalizacion of the process. The introduction of the technology provoked the emergence of companies that started to incorporate the productive sector. From this structural change of the industry came the questioning of which actors produce waste and how they manage it. The objective of this work was to map the current process, identifying the residues in the actors inserted in the productive chain detailing how these wastes are managed. A case study was carried out where the object analysis was carried out through the application of a field study where a mapping addressed the qualitative and quantitative issues of the production of surfboards. The data collection was done through a visit to the pre-selected targets through the application of Cleaner Production forms. Throughout the research it was evident that the links of the production chain can be executed by different actors participating in the industry, with a decoupling of the links from the manufacturers, mainly related to the volume of production. That is, the largest concentration of outsourcing of steps occurs in the smaller manufacturers with a shift in the volume of materials and waste for large distributors, large manufacturers and rolling mills. It was clear that the introduction of CNC technology was responsible for the decentralization of waste, previously focused only on manufacturers, but that technological innovation had no impact on waste reduction or reuse, or even better disposal management. Keywords: Cleaner Production. Technological Impact. Waste Management. Surfboard industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analysis of Water Consumption in Toilets with Shewhart Control Charts GOLIN, L.; HENNING, E.; KALBUSCH, A. (UDESC - Brazil); KONRATH, A.C.; WALTER, O.M.F.G. (UFSC - Brazil)
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Abstract: The article aims to show if it is possible for Shewhart Control Charts to have competent data monitoring capabilities when observing a switch in toilet flush equipment from single flush to dual flush in a public University building located in Joinville, southern Brazil. Sensors collected data such as volume of water and time length of the flush. Such data was then trimmed and compiled into days and finally plotted into a Shewhart Control Chart. The switch in flush equipment indicated a reasonable reduction in water consumption for both male and female bathrooms presenting an average total reduction of 33.15% in water consumed during a day and a reduction in the average time length of flush of 23.95%. With periodic monitoring Shewhart Control Charts proved to be useful for observing large shifts of data, water consumption reduction and events such as leakages and droughts that occurred during the data gathering period. Keywords: Water consumption, monitoring, Shewhart Control Charts. |
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Analysis of Yield of Aroeira Vermelha Fruit Extract via Solvent Extraction - Factorial Planning 2^03 SILVA, C.; DIAS, A. B.; MICHALCZUK, J. R.; SAKAI, O. A.; SILVA, L. K.; ROCHA, S. A. (IFPR - Brazil)
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Abstract: The main extraction processes function is the separation of components present in different materials. The isolation of different compounds, purpose of extraction, plays a prominent role in several industrial areas, including essential oils and essences in general. Therefore, the extraction process can be used to obtain substrates, which in this work will be aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius) the raw material used demands of special interest of the industrial sector in the medicines and foods areas. Researchs are necessary for operational improvements in this area, due to the high added value of essential oils and essences as final product, extracted from this material, linked to the inputs minimization used on sustainability. Still, there is scope for using new solvents, with the aim of guaranteeing the sustainability of the process. In this sense, the present work has the objective evaluating the solid-liquid extraction process to obtain oils and essences from fruits of aroeira vermelha, using less aggressive solvents, seeking the procedure optimization. After obtaining the necessary raw material, the extraction procedure was carried out using the technique of extraction by solvents, hexane and ethanol, with humidity and maceration like process conditions. The results obtained were analyzed by the use of factorial design 23, with the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the relevant variables statistically to obtaining better results. Better process conditions were verified using the solvent ethanil, with the raw material macerated, being the humidity condition irrelevant in this experimental procedure. Linked to the objectives of improvements and sustainable development and cleaner production, these results are satisfactory, considering the use of reusable solvents and optimization in the extraction processes due to the use of experimental planning. Keywords: Red Aroeira, Extraction, oils and essences, factorial planning. |
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Analysis on Cleaner Production policy and its results in China Duan Ning, Bai Yan-ying, Yu Xiu-ling, Yin Jie, Song Dan-na (China National Cleaner Production Center)
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Abstract: Divided into three stages, this paper elaborated the practice courses of Cleaner Production in China in last two decades, analyzing the characteristic of Chinese Cleaner Production policy in the different historical periods. It also analyzed the results of Cleaner Production policy in China according to the investigation and study data of Cleaner Production audit of national key enterprises from 2004 to 2007. The result indicated that the advancement pattern of the voluntary Cleaner Production audit and compulsory Cleaner Production audit effectively promoted the advancement of Cleaner Production in Chinese industry. The consciousness on Cleaner Production of the government, the enterprise and the public have had essential enhancement. The quantity of enterprises which implement Cleaner Production audit has been increasing. The Cleaner Production technical advisory services system was preliminary established. It is obvious to see the energy saving and emission reduction realized by Cleaner Production. Keywords: Cleaner Production, policy, results, analysis [Abstract] [Organizational Report] |
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Analysis on the Status for Cleaner Production in China CHANGBO,Z.; ZI, L.; JINGJUN, L.; XIAOAO,WANG.; YANYING, B.; GANG, F. (CRAES, China)
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Abstract: Cleaner production (CP), especially in the field of industry, is a key factor in achieving sustainable development in China. Chinese government made great efforts on implementing the strategy of sustainable development. Cleaner production has made remarkable achievements, and gained recognition world widely. Cleaner productionhas become a core policy of pollution prevention in China, while its meaning and connotation are continuously developing. After being implemented for more than 20 years in China, great progresses have been made in CP policies, capacity building and technical support system. In this study, unique set of practices of CP in China, including were analyzed, to summarize the main experience of CP implementing for other developing countries. Keywords: Cleaner production, Pollution prevention,Cleaner production policy
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Analytical Ability and Participation for Sustainable Environmental Projects SOUZA, R. C. F. (UFMG)
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Abstract: The article discusses the changing in research on the space of cities considering some new paradigms introduced by the Information Technology (IT) seeking for a cleaner, sustainable and smarter production. It also discusses the current conditions of the use of IT, confronting new opportunities for analysis and interactivity applied inenvironmental management. Finally, it tries to deduct an evolution of strategies aiming the sustainabilityoriented production, with the spreading of those resources through transdisciplinarity Keywords: Architecture, urban design, environmental management, sustainability and Information Technology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Analyzing Important Corporate Social Responsibility Activities with help of Analytical Hierarchy Process GOVINDAN, K. (University of South Denmark-Denmark); MATHIYAZHAGAN, K. (National Institute of Technology-India)
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Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which industries use to improve their societal well -being through discretionary business practices and corporate resource contributions. It is a high profile notion perceived as deliberate by the production world in addition to being a well-known concept in academia and with its practionners. CSR now gets increasing attention in global sourcing and supply chains. Indian SMEs have started adopting CSR activities recently to ensure their social responsibilities. But, Indian SMEs struggle to identify major CSR acts to improve their social standing. Because of this, this study’s objective was fixed as identification of important CSR activities and categories for improving its performance aided by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This study was undertaken in 47 SMEs in Tamilnadu, South India. The results reveal employee satisfaction to be the most important CSR category followed by social activity rewards, society view and combined social activities to improve CSR performance. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility; analytical hierarchy process.
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Analyzing the CDM Impact in the Brazilian Chemical Sector FREITAS, C. V. M. (Centro Paula Souza/Clavi Soluções Sustentáveis); SILVA, M. L. P. S. (Centro Paula Souza/USP)
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Abstract: This work aimed to obtain a better understanding of the impact of the use of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Brazilian chemical industry. The CDM was a very important mechanism in the last two or three decades for the reduction of some greenhouse gases (GHG) with high environmental impact and global warming potential, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), with a potential of 310. In addition, the chemical sector has acted boldly to meet ambitious targets as set out in the UN Climate Convention. However, with the new standards and / or mechanisms created under the Paris Agreement, the options for maintaining such a reduction are rare, making it crucial to understand the importance of the CDM for the sector. The methodology used was documentary evaluation of the main CDM projects developed in the country and, in a second step, attention to the processes involving the removal of N2O. It was possible to observe three distinct moments in the process, the promising beginning that, in addition to causing a significant reduction in GHG emissions, corresponds to the good valuation of carbon credits, but with the new governmental positions and also increasingly restrictive rules, such credits devalued. With the implementation of the reduction targets, the Kyoto Protocol and its CDM can once again be a negotiation tool for the carbon market aligned with the new mechanisms now proposed that, if they use previous learning, can favor the country in meeting its own goals reduction. Keywords: CDM, Chemical Sector, N2O [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Applicability of Lean and Sustainable Production in Sanitizers and Cosmetic Industries in the State of Goiás ALMEIDA, S. (PUC-GO); SOUZA, F. F.; PASQUALETTO, A.; TEIXEIRA, D. (IFG)
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Abstract: The objective of this study was to address the environmental practices in the companies of cleaning products (sanitizers) and products of personal hygiene, perfumery and cosmetics (HPPC) in the state of Goiás through concepts of lean production, green manufacture and analysis of management practices in order to reduce environmental impacts, highlighting its tools and principles, as well as the benefits and losses of the combination of both practices, and presents the concrete results, indicators and their effects, by means of explanatory analysis, exposing a hypothetical-deductive scientific method of questionnaires of national and regional sanitation companies supporting or not the theories already proven. The results demonstrate that the industries of these branches that are more familiar with good practices of lean production (PE) and environmental management (GA), obtain better operational performance. Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, sustainability, Environmental Management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Application of Cleaner Production in a Process of Sockets Lighting Package, a Case Study BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); MAFFESSONI, D.; TONIN, B. P. (Ftec)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production brings a differentiated approach on waste management, since it allows to the company to have a better knowledge of its manufacturing process; constantly monitoring the process, the generated waste becomes an opportunity for improvement. The aim of this study was to reuse and to optimize the use of packaging in a business outsourcer mounting sockets lamps. Since the packaging used in the receipt of parts for assembly and shipment of finished parts were large and contains a few pieces, it could be better used. It was carrying out a study to increase the capacity and reuse of the pack. The results were satisfactory, since it has increased the capacity for packaging receiving socket housing parts from 65% to 78% and the socket cover from 48% to 86.4%. The package mounted socket doubled its storage capacity from 50 to 100 pieces. The environmental benefit was the cutback of consumption of 16,075 units of plastic packaging. The economic benefits were R$ 4.191,25 per year, without investments.It was proved the efficiency of cleaner production even in small and simple projects. Keywords: Packing, sockets, cleaner production
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Application of Cleaner Production tool in Plastic Recycling Process F. P. Faria; E. B. A. V. Pacheco (UFRJ)
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Abstract: This work shows suggestions for the accomplishment of the plastic recycling process in an environmentally friendly way, based in the Cleaner Production tool. Besides reduction of plastic consumption or reuse of packing, it is necessary to invest in recycling technology and the selective garbage separation for guaranteeing the minimization of sending waste to landfills. The recyclers, which receive as raw material the plastic waste, carry out the recycling in stages that might guarantee the minimum quality standards for production of new objects. As a tool of environment management, Cleaner Production can be used by companies to reduction of consumption of energy and water, as well as minimization in generation of waste. The stage of laundering, for example, is the one that involves greater water consumption that needs to be saved, treated and reused. The extrusion of the plastic material for molding in new products generates solid residues that also need to be recycled. Although the recycling process treats of garbage generally dirty and contaminated, it shall be carried out with an environmentally correct process. Keywords: Recycling, plastic, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Application of electrochemical degradation of wastewater composed of mixtures of phenol - formaldehyde A. L. T. Fornazari (USP - São Carlos-SP); G. R. P. Malpass (UFABC); D. W. Miwa; A. J. Motheo (USP - São Carlos-SP)
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Abstract: Environmental problems caused by industrial processes are of great concern to society due to the possible introduction of toxic waste from products generated by the industry. Thus, researchers increasingly study new techniques to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of industrial effluents, always respecting the laws and regulations aimed at environmental protection. Electrochemical degradation is a promising alternative for the treatment of wastewater that contains organic compounds. In this work a dimensionally stable anode (DSA®) of nominal composition Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 was used to study the degradation of solutions containing a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde. The oxides electrodes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The galvanostatic degradation of mixtures of phenol – formaldehyde were monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Total Organic Carbon Analysis (TOC). The effect of current density (10, 20, 40 and 50 mA cm-2), pH (3, 5, 7, 9 and 12) and supporting electrolytes (NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4) was investigated. Energy consumption during electrolysis is also presented. The electro degradation of mixtures of phenol – formaldehyde proceeds via two different mechanism: active and non-active. The non active mechanism results in the complete combustion of organics to carbon dioxide. The active mechanism results in a selective oxidation, via degradation products. The results demonstrate that the electrochemical removal of organics is pH- dependent. In the most an effective current density (40 mA cm-2) 60% of TOC is removed. Keywords: Dimensionally stable anodes, phenol, formaldehyde [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Application of Electrochemical Oxidation in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Evaluation of Toxicity in Allium cepa KLAUCK, C. R. (Feevale University); BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); SILVA, L. B.; RODRIGUES, M. A. S. (Feevale University)
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Abstract: The disposal of waste in landfills is a practice in creasingly common in big cities, and it generates large volumes of leachate as a product of waste decomposition and rainwater percolation. This liquid is highly toxic and must be treated before its release in the environment. Due the problems presented by conventional systems, there is a growing need for procedures that offer higher treatment efficiency or can be integrated by conventional processes. In this regard, clean technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are considered an excellent alternative for the removal of color and organic matter, as well as to increase the biodegradability of leachate. The aim of this study was both to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced oxidation process of electrochemical oxidation in leachate treatment and to assess the toxicity of the sample before and after treatment. The experiments were performed with 150L sample of leachate and used an electrochemical reactor consisting of electrodes DSA® (Ti/70Ti/30 RuO2 De Nora ®), which were arranged parallel in batch regime. A current density of 10,04 mA.cm-2 was applied for a period of 40h and 60h. The results indicate excellent removals of COD, BOD5, ammonia and phosphorus within the first 40 hours of treatment. However, the evaluation showed the toxicity remained unaltered, which points to the importance of this type of study as a complement to traditional analyzes. The advanced oxidation processes are considered a clean technology, mainly for neither requiring the addition of chemicals nor generating sludge treatment. Still, assessment of toxicity of the treated effluent is necessary, considering the possible generation of toxic byproducts. Keywords: Leachate, Electrochemical Oxidation, Toxicity, Allium cepa. |
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Application of Goal Programming in Sustainability Studies: Soybean Transportation in Brazil RICHARD SILVA, T. (UNIP/FATEC - Brazil); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil); MORENO GARCÍA, R.R. (Universidad de Oriente - Cuba); SEVEGNANI, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
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Abstract: Richard Silva et al. (under review) studied the sustainability of road and rail systems in the transport of Brazilian soybeans between producer and exporter centers (1,982 km). For this, the FIVE SEctor SUstainability Model (5 SEnSU) was considered. Among ten indicators simultaneously evaluated by the 5 SEnSU model, the results indicated greater sustainability for rail transportation. However, due to the multimetric approach used, the graphical interpretation of results can become a difficult task that requires statistical tools as support. In this sense, this work applies the philosophy of goal programming in the results obtained by Richard Silva et al. (under review) to quantitatively assess the sustainability of road and rail soybean transport systems, integrating all the previously obtained indicators into a single global sustainability indicator named as WSI. Results show that rail system has a WSI of 3.47, while road system has 3.55, indicating that rail system is slightly more sustainable. Besides providing subsidies to decision makers on soybean transportation in Brazil, it is expected that this work can be considered as a reference of a multicriteria method in evaluating sustainability for other transport systems. Keywords: Multicriteria, goal programing, soybean, sustainability, transport. |
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Application of Method 3R (Reuse, Remanufacture and Recycling) in a Machine Line Based on Circular Economy VICENTE NETO, L. (IFSP/UNIMEP); HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP)
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Abstract: Given the demands of the market and maintaining competitive conditions, many companies are looking for technologies that enable them to innovate their processes and products. The environmental impact related to the exploitation of natural resources can be considered a problem due to the linear production-consumption flow. Therefore, this work focuses on the study of real initiatives to develop environmentally friendly processes and their results in relation to the concept of circular economy in the application of the 3R method in a line of machining. With an applied methodological approach and exploratory objective, we divided the application into three phases: (1) Reuse and Redistribution; (2) Remanufacturing and (3) Recycling. The products are machined in a turning line, where cutting tools (inserts) are the most commonly used objects. It can be observed that in the linear production model, there is an increase in tool disposal. Applying the concepts of based on circular economy we have a gain in the useful life of the cutting tools without the need to modify the production parameters. It is concluded that it is possible to apply the concepts of circular economy, but there is a need for everyone involved in the production process. Keywords: Circular Economy, Machining, 3R, Automotive Industry [Abstract] [Paper of Portuguese] [Presentation of Portuguese] |
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Application of Strategy Planning Method to Integrated Development Sustainable Product Process (PEPDIPS) TEIXEIRA, G. F. G.; CANCIGLIERI, O. Jr. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
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Abstract: With the reduction of borders promoted by globalization, the level of consumption grew dramatically, characterizing our consumer society. However, if on the one hand this growth means progress, on the other hand, this means progress without a future, since consumption can only symbolize progress if it occurs within a form of sustainable development. Faced with this scenario, society and government have been pushing the industries to adopt more sustainable practices in their processes, especially the Product Development Process (PDP). In this new perspective, the PDP with sustainable characteristics can add a long-term competitive advantage to the company. Therefore, the present study presents the application of the conceptual method for the Strategic Planning of the Integrated Process for the Development of Sustainable Products (PEPDIPS), which aims to guide the integration of sustainability in the PDP through the qualitative evaluation of the requirements and phases of the PDP, from the initial phase of designing the project for the launch and distribution of the product. The PEPDIPS is characterized as a maturation method composed of a cyclic process with two macro phases and four micro phases. With the objective of developing a support evaluation focused on the process of continuous improvement that aims to integrate sustainability into the PDP, guiding the designers the best strategic choices applied in the planning and elaboration of a new or existing product. Extending your assessment to business management, necessary to structure and substantiate such changes. The application of the PEPDIPS method is presented through the case study developed in a textile industry. Keywords: Maturity Model, Sustainability, Strategic Planning, Product Development Process. |
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Application of the Blockchain Architecture in Solid Waste Management in a Small Municipality FRANÇA, A. S. L. (USP/UNINOVE - Brazil); AMATO NETO, J. (USP - Brazil); GONÇALVES, R. F. (USP/UNIP - Brazil); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP - Brazil)
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Abstract: This research deals with the application of Blockchain digital architecture in solid waste management in a small municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The ongoing research is related to the technological transformation of a compensation system to the collection of waste in the municipality, aimed at the social inclusion of waste collectors through the use of social currency. The current system uses printed cards called Green Coins, and present vulnerabilities that should be overcome with the implementation of the new system. The new application uses social crypto-coins and security support through Blockchain in order to guarantee the necessary information integrity, enabling the management of an expressive number of collectors and contributing to the improvement of the quality of life in the municipality in relation to the typical aspects of sustainability: education, health, environment, social inclusion and local economy. Keywords: Blockchain, cryptocurrency, solid waste management; sustainability; social inclusion. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Application of the Concept of Industrial Ecology to the Integrated Management System: Advantages and associated environmental improvements J. Gameiro; M. L. P. Silva (Siemens)
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Abstract: The need for making human systems part of the natural ecosystems and similar to natural environment is clearly stated. This approach, which is the basis of Industrial Ecology, aims to enhance industrial symbiosis that might contribute to mitigate process or material loss. However, it is not very common to amend Industrial Ecology principles to management systems and furthermore, to Integrated Management Systems. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the sustainability impact of integrating the Industrial Ecology approach to the existing Integrated Management System at an electro electronic company in Brazil. The defined methodology followed the most important premises of Industrial Ecology aligned to the Integrated Management Systems requirements in the electro electronic sector. The case study was based on a worldwide company that presented all the segments within the sector, that is, microelectronics, surface mounting technology, printed circuit board, mounting and logistics. Moreover, the study considered material flow and performance analysis in order to define potential industrial metabolism and sustainability degrees, besides implementing an Industrial Ecology computer program that enabled better information communication and control. It was possible to conclude that the Industrial Ecology concept tools used in the company did benefit its industrial sustainability because it allowed more efficient processes through the use of metrics, involved most of the employees and operations, favored better process standardization, enhanced the systemic approach making the decision process easier once it was based on real time facts. It was observed that it also contributed to the adoption of methods, systems and procedures that enabled deep strategic change and improved cultural change, which is one of the essential aspects of sound sustainable development. Finally, it is suggested that Industrial Ecology be used as a fruitful metaphor for facilitating the improvement of sustainability. The tools developed in this study might be easily applied to any enterprise, independently of its size, level or production processes. Keywords: Sustainability, industrial ecology, industrial metabolism, balanced scorecard, key performance indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Application of the Norm NTC-ISO 14064 at ITM Campus Robledo, for Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emission Measurement and its Carbon Footprint (CF) Determination ARISTIZÁBAL, C. E.; GONZÁLEZ, J. L. (Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín - Colombia)
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Abstract: The present work contains the result of the Carbon Footprint (CF) measurement of the Metropolitan Technological Institute of Medellin (ITM), which is a public institution that provides teaching, research and extension services. The calculation of this sustainability indicator was made for Robledo campus, in accordance with the methodology described in ISO 14064 (Greenhouse Gases Measurement), ISO 14040-14044 (Life Cycle Analysis), and the information provided by the Institution and endorsed by the different dependencies of its consumptions of materials and energy resources, necessary for its correct operation. Additionally, the data of conversion and emission factors associated to the Colombian context or subtracted from the literature are considered, being these the most approximate to the current technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of ITM. According to implemented methodology, the ITM carbon footprint for 2.016 was 912,302 Ton CO2eq and per student was 0,0925 Ton CO2eq /Student Keywords: Greenhouse Gases, Carbon Footprint, Life Cycle Assessment, Sustainability, University.
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Applying Cleaner Production Concepts at a Casting Company M. C. Nehme; C. Quissini; J. Slovinscki (UCS)
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Abstract: This article aims to identify a sustainability model to a Casting company located at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Such conceptual model should be obtained by considering a pro-asset approach of company’s managers focusing on maintain it competitive in the market. After applying cleaner production practices, preliminary results show the existence of a potential in reducing company’s generated wastes reduction and minimizing its inputs demand, as well as an increase on the company’s image for consumers and on its competitiveness for markets. Keywords: Casting company, Cleaner production, Participative sustainability model [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Application of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving as a Cleaner Production Method for Solar Heating Optimization Proposals POSSEBON, F. (UFSM); KUBOTA, F. I. (UFSC); SANTOR, C. G. (FAISA); ROSA, L. C. (UFSM)
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Abstract: The global growing concern regarding minimizing negative environmental impacts of industrial and commercial products, processes and services has generated an increasing need for detailed studies related to clean technologies and renewable energy sources. In this context, this study applied the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) as method to identify and support to develop cleaner production opportunities, towards a contribution to the development of solar heating systems more efficient and innovative. Then, we conducted a case study on a solar heating systems manufacturing company, using TRIZ fundamental concepts and contradiction matrix as data collection and analysis technique. Results show the subsequent formulation of inventive solution proposals, based on the obtained information, to minimize harmful functions found in the technical system investigated. We concluded that TRIZ has potential contribution in the creative process for new solar heating systems. Keywords: Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, Fundamental concepts, Contradiction matrix, cleaner production, solar heaters [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Application of the Principles of Cleaner Production in a Galvanizing Company KITZBERGER, J.; PIRES NETO, V. S. (CatolicaSC); FRAZON E. M. (UFSC); DUCLÓS, L. C. (PUC-SC)
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Abstract: Sustainability is a recurring theme and source of discussions in various fields, whether government, business and academic institutions. The need to reduce emissions of pollutants has become a constant concern, and in the racing companies, the focal point lies in manufactured goods and the generation of emissions to the environment resulting from their production processes. One of the concepts that is in evidence is called Cleaner Production (CP), which refers to a new way to see the productive operations, whose aim is to generate less environmental impacts during the production process, ie before the "end-of-pipe". In this context, this article aims to analyze the results obtained through interventions in the production process in an electroplating company. The research fits as an exploratory case study and the results show substantial gains occurred surveyed using the new method, both environmental and economic order, which represents an important opportunity for application in other companies. Keywords: Sustainability, Environmental Management, Cleaner Production, Plating [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Applying of Ecological Cost Accounting in a Dye Discoloring Process J. M. Rosa (UNINOVE/SENAI/UNICAMP), M. A. Pereira, F. H. Pereira, E. A. Baptista, F. A. Calarge, J. C. C. Santana (UNINOVE), E. B. Tambourgi (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: This work sought to apply the Accounting of Complete Ecological Costs (ACEC) methodology in a textile segment company through the reutilization of colored wastewater, after treatment by advanced oxidation processes (POA) in reactors using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a catalysis activated by ultraviolet light (UV). Facing the worries with the sustainable development and the difficulty in measuring environmental costs through the traditional accounting method, the proposed methodology tries to integrate costs, either internal or external ones, into a single dimension. At reducing the environmental impacts, the company shows a proactive position regarding the sustainability, becoming sustainable itself. The study presented the financial and ecological economy obtained, thus showing this process is efficient and may be used by companies in the textile sector for reutilizing water, reducing the financial and ecological costs, as well as the negative externalities. Keywords: Advanced oxidation process, UV/H2O2, ecologic cost accounting, dye discoloring, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Are Sustainability Management Systems (SMS) really promising? J. Esquer-Peralta; L. Velazquez; N. Munguia (University of Sonora - Mexico)
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Abstract: The concepts of Sustainable Development (SD) and Management Systems (MS) are finding increasing acceptance in a variety of fields, including academy, politics, and non-governmental organizations. These concepts are also being used by the general population. This paper describes the perception of different experts by discussing about the usefulness of Sustainability Management Systems (SMS) as holistic systems that might integrate environmental, social, and economic elements. Fourteen interviews have been conducted with several experts around the world. Some of them are professionals in Sustainability issues in general, and some of them in environmental, health and safety (EHS) issues in particular. The results have shown that, although there is a continuous debate on the sustainability approach, several core elements can be addressed through Sustainability Management Systems (SMS). Keywords: Sustainability Management System (SMS), performance-based approach, sustainable development |
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Artificial Stone Produced with Stone Powder and Polymerica Agglomerant AGUIAR, M. C.; SILVA, A. G. P. (UENF); GADIOLI, M. C. B. (CETEM)
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Abstract: Artificial stone are nowadays extremely important in civil construction, constituting remarkable branches of this industry. This material is produced by 95% of natural aggregates, that is, it is considered practically natural material. The objective of this work was to study the production of artificial stone for application in interior lining, using waste from the marble industry of the Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES region. The physical and mechanical properties of the plates and composites and matrix with resin were studied, with the addition of marble waste in a specific range of 20, 80 and 180 mesh granulometry. The plates were produced by means of the vacuum vibration technique. For the parts produced the density and the water absorption were determined. The material was submitted to tests of resistance to compression and flexion. The artificial marble presented good properties, with its maximum bending tensile strength of 37.75 MPa and maximum compressive strength of 72.47 MPa. The results indicated that the marble waste has great potential for its use in the production of artificial stone and is an alternative to give a destination for this waste generated in the order of millions of tons that represents serious environmental problem. Keywords: Artificial stone, marble, resin [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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As Simple Improvements Affect the Eco-Efficiency of Road Freight Transport VISCARDI, T.B.; HAMMES, G.; SOUZA, E.D.; RODRIGUEZ, C.M.T. (UFSC); ROJAS, R.H ; MOJICA, J.C. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: Currently the demand for the reduction of the generated environmental impact is one of the objectives of the organizations due to the external and internal pressures, that make the companies look for environmentally correct solutions for their operations. However, the difficulty is to make these green practices economically viable. Eco-efficiency aims to measure the impact caused and compare it with the value of the product and / or service. This indicator allows generating information for decision making to introduce an environmental management considered financially viable. This article was based on a model of evaluation of the ecoefficiency of the sector of transport of loads, which, was tested in a company and presented the ecoefficiency of the vehicles, as well as suggestions of improvements. In this article we tried to simulate those results in an ideal scenario to understand how to maximize ecoefficiency in this sector. It was perceived that the proposed improvements have a greater impact on the emission of carbon generated in the transport and increase the indicator of ecoeficiencia of the organization. This shows that, when simple measures are applied, companies achieve good results in an environmental and financial way. The article still presents a comparison with the current scenario and the discussions on the subject. Keywords:Transport. Performance evaluation. Eco-efficiency. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessing the Application of Cleaner Production Techniques in a Dairy in Southern Bahia SANTOS, F. F.; ANDRADE, R. S.; LOPES, R. C. S. Q.; ALMEIDA NETO, J. A. (UESC)
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Abstract: The dairy products are of great importance for southern Bahia, because they contribute to the development and regional economic diversification, but it is necessary to be aware of the possible environmental impacts arising from its activities. Given this, the adoption of preventive practices such as Cleaner Production (CP) can contribute the improvement of production processes and provide economic gains, environmental protection and better work environment. Thus, this study aimed to identify techniques and opportunities for cleaner production (CP) in a dairy ofthe region. For this, we carried out a literature review, technical visits and questionnaires, obtaining information about characterization, CP and Environmental Management, environmental aspects and impacts. The study indicated that the dairy has a high potential polluter, mainly due to the lack of structured environmental programs. However, it was already adopting some environmental practices, such as pluvial water reuse, treatment stations and standard techniques adoption. Furthermore, the study has given the opportunity to find Cleaner production actions that could improve production conditions and organization for long and short lines,associated withthe interest of the company in knowing others actions and methods that might contribute to minimizing its impact and propitiate economic gains. Thus, the opportunities presented themselves for CP adequate to company for its level. Keywords: Sustainability, environmental impacts, eco-efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Assessment and Implementation of a Cleaner Production Opportunity Furniture Industry in a Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais C. H. R. Massote (e2 Environmental Consulting), A. M. M. Santi (UFOP)
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Abstract: Based on the application of concepts and methodology of Cleaner Production - CP in an industry of the furniture sector - Mod Line Soluções Corporativas Ltda -, installed in the municipality of Contagem, Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, as a management tool available for achieving eco-efficiency and obtain environmental benefits associated with economic gains, promoted himself in two productive sectors of the company an audit of generation of waste and effluent, using tools for evaluating material flows and water, to support the identification, assessment and deployment of nine preventive opportunities for CP, which resulted in minimizing waste and industrial effluents generation, and consequently, decreasing the inflow of raw materials, inputs and water. The deployment of nine opportunities for CP provided for undertaking an annual savings of about U.S. $ 103,000.00, obtained by minimizing of the generation of solid waste and wastewater emissions, in amounts equivalent to 374,000.00 kg and 200,000.00 L, respectively, added to reduce the annual consumption of 381,000.00 kg of raw materials and 200,000.00 L of water, ie, the minimization of process losses. This article will be a description and assessment of only one of the opportunities for CP, of which nine were implanted, through the adoption of technological innovations in the production process involved, resulted in considerable environmental and economic benefits. Keywords: Cleaner Production (CP). Optimization production processes. Environmental management. Industry furniture. Brazil (Minas Gerais). [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Assessment and Management of the Carbon Footprint in the Research Center Santa Lucia (UNIPAZ) (Barrancabermeja, Santander) ÁVILA, O.A.; PINILLA, L.; RAMIREZ, J. (UNIPAZ - Colombia)
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Abstract: The investigation was made in the Center of Investigation of Santa Lucía (CISL) in the University Institute of Peace (UNIPAZ), in order to create the baseline of its main sources of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions (Methane, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen, etc.) generated directly (by use of fossil fuels and generation of animal faeces) and indirectly (by consumption of electrical energy) and to establish the level of atmospheric affectation, by means of the estimation of the carbon footprint (CF) under the Life cycle Analysis "LCA " method , according to the norm NTC-ISO 14040/14044 of 2006 (Software SIMAPRO 7.1®, IMPACT 2002 evaluation method) and NTC-ISO 14067 of 2013 (IPCC GWP method). The scope of the environmental assessment contemplated the energy consumption required during a month of academic activities (by 1.941 individuals) in the different areas: administrative (offices), library (library, auditoriums, systems rooms, cafeterias), external area (agricultural sector), public lighting, nursing), building of classrooms, power plants, combustion of ACPM in transport and generation of faeces (porcine, bovine, equine and poultry). The baseline was made from the collection of information through surveys, field visits and validation with bibliographic references, where the quantification of the global energy consumption associated with the use of electrical and electronic equipment was determined (2.75491,53 MJ/month), as well as the use of ACPM fuel for the personnel mobilization (5.282,39 gal/month) and finally the generation of feces (64,80 kg / day) for all the evaluated species. According to the environmental analysis obtained by the IPCC GWP method, over time the total effect of the power of global warming (225.109 kg CO2 eq) in periods of 20 years was estimated (impact of 55%, equivalent to 124.815 kg CO2 eq.), 100 years (impact of 28%, equivalent to 61.833 kg CO2 eq.) and 500 years (impact of 17%, equivalent to 38460 kg CO2 eq.). The monthly Carbon Footprint estimated by the CISL was 31.983,14 kg CO2 eq, equivalent to a monthly per capita of 15.07 kg CO2 eq, which means that the CISL has greater CO2 absorption capacity through the native forests and sown, that the same emission that is generated (> 97% approximately). When comparing the value obtained by the UNIPAZ, with the CF per capita in Colombia (141,7 kg CO2 eq), it is clear that the per capita emission generated by the CISL is much lower, because the activities carried out within the facilities of the campus are different and of shorter duration than those commonly done in the home. Keywords: Carbon footprint, life cycle analysis, greenhouse gases, potential environmental impact. |
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Assessment of Demand and Potential Associated with Solid Waste Management in Emerging Cities: The Case of the City of Rio das Ostras, RJ VALLEJO, F. M. A.; MONTEIRO, L. P. C. (UFF)
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Abstract: The rapid urban and population growth observed in some Brazilian cities in recent years, associated with the troubling framework of management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the country has as a consequence environmental problems that tend to gain scale in the future. Note that there is a technology and management lag relative to some efficient models adopted in developed countries that use waste as a feedstock in power generation and maintains high standards of environmental control. Therefore this paper addresses, holistically, the problems of urban waste management, as well as the main routes that can be taken to advance the department in accordance with the guidelines of the National Solid Waste. For a closer view of reality, a case study was conducted in the city of Rio das Ostras, RJ, where was diagnosed a scenario that, despite being above the national average, is still far of desirable standards characterized by difficulties in meet the growing demand, large wastage of materials and lack of adequate treatment for most waste. Based on collected data in the field and in the literature, were made projections of future scenarios considering population growth. It was estimated that if nothing is done, the city will need to triple its garbage disposal capacity in less than 10 years. On the other hand, from some actions and investments, is possible to reverse this framework using the economic and energy potentials associated with the management of MSW generating countless benefits to the city. Actions such as separating waste for recycling, installing biodecom position centrals and framing the landfill as CDM were considered most advantageous to be implemented in the short term considering the factors of technical, economic and environmental involved. Yet, not rule out the use of heat treatment for some types of materials, and eventually even to the RSU. However, it was concluded that a new approach of municipal administrations, especially those growing cities, it is possible to manage the waste more efficiently resulting economic advantages and also protecting the environment. Keywords: Waste management, MSW, urban growth, environment, waste to energy |
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Assessment of Energy, Global, and CO2 Emission Efficiencies of Sand Production from Construction and Demolition Materials BORGES, R. F. M., AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: At the same time in which the market of building construction generates gross domestic product (GDP) and collaborates with social-economical growth, it generates large load on environment due to materials and energy use as well as the waste generated. Among others, the building construction waste (BCW) deserves special attention because it corresponds to about 50% of total solid waste generated in the Earth. Specifically for the São Paulo city, Brazil, the BCW corresponds to about 66% in mass of total solid waste generated within the city, which demands high economic and energetic cost for its transport to landfills. In an attempt to overcome the resources wasteful, the use of BCW as raw material in producing sand for building construction could be considered as a good alternative, because usually sand corresponds up to 50% of total recycled BCW in mass. On the other hand, recycling BCW to produce sand also demands resources as materials, energy and labor to transport the BCW until recycling plant and in all other related processes as separation, size reduction, classification, and sand transport until final user. This work aims to assess the energetic-environmental performance of BCW recycling process in producing sand for building construction in São Paulo city. For this, energy analysis, emergy accounting (with an “m”), and global warming potential (GWP) are the methodologies used. Results indicate that energy efficiency (0.12 MJ/kg sand), global efficiency (3.09E10 seJ/kg sand) and the GWP (0.016 kgCO2-eq./kg sand) of recycled sand from BCW have better performance when compared to referenced values of sand produced traditionally from natural extraction. It is recognized the need of higher amount and diversity of referenced values for comparison, but these preliminary results indicate that recycling sand from BCW suggests, a priori, a good alternative in comparison with sand obtained from natural extraction. Keywords: Embodied energy, Emergy accounting, Global warming, Recycled sand. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Assessment of Soil Fertility and the Elements Nickel, Chromium, Lead and Cadmium in Soil Cultivated with Coffee for Ten Years using Limestone Compared to the Use of Agrosilício® and these Two to Soil Under Natural Vegetation DAMATO NETO, J.; CUNHA, D. N.; SOUZA, C. M.; SANTOS, M. A.; SILVA, M. L.; PEDROSO, M. (UFV)
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Abstract: Before Christ, the application of residues in agriculture was already a common practice. steel slag can be used for acidity correction. However, the soil contamination is a problem. The objective of this study was to analyze an area where Agrosilício® (steel slag) was applied comparing to two areas (one with no correction and another one with limestone application). The soil samplings weredonein native forest areas and coffee plantations, one area managed only withlimestone application and another with Agrosilício®, both with ten years of application of the products. The sampling depths were 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20; 20-30; 30-40; 40-60; 60-80 and under 80 centimeters, in two repetitions. It was analyzed routine fertility and the elements: boron, chromium, nickel and cadmium. Limestone and Agrosilício®showed similar results for the analyzed features. Keywords:heavy metals, native forest, silicon, steel slag, soil amendments [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Assessment of the Integration Between Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Management Processes in Brazilian Companies CAZERI, G. T.; ANHOLON, R.; COOPER ORDOÑEZ, R. E.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF)
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Abstract: This article aims to assessment the integration between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and management processes in Brazilian companies, according to perception of professionals with expertise in the theme. The strategy used was a survey, using as instrument to collect data a questionnaire. Data were collected from 48 respondents, and these data were analyzed using the Multidimensional Scheduling (EMD) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) for one factor. The EMD was used to identify outlier respondents and AFE was used to order the practices studied. The results showed improvement opportunities in all practices and that some practices are developed superficially. When analyzed comparatively, using factorial scores, two practices were highlighted. The first one associated to report the results to the stakeholders and the second one associated to performance evaluation via indicators. On the other hand, it was also noticed that practices with lower application degrees are related to planning activities, which compromises better results in the integration process. The results presented here are important and can be useful for business managers and academics in future research.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Integration with Management Process, Survey [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Assessment of the Performance of Cajanus cajan in the Phytoextraction and Translocation of Lead CUNHA, D. N.; DAMATO NETO, J.; SOUZA, C. M.; SILVA, M. L. (UFV)
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Abstract: Heavy metals are high molecular weight elements that, in high concentrations, put in risk all biodiversity. Lead (Pb) is one of the most soil contaminant heavy metals and one of the biggest environmental problems of the modern world. Hence, the development of methods and techniques are required for controlling the harmful effects resulting from contamination, especially in the soil. The technique that stands out most is the phytoremediation, which aims to decontaminate the soil and water through the use of plants. Cajanuscajan, also known as pigeon pea, is an annual or semi-perennial shrub legume with several uses, among them, as improving plant soil, due to its phytoremediation capacity, mainly through phytoextraction technique, since its potential in removing metals from soil by absorption and accumulation in roots and aerial part. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Cajanuscajan in phytoextraction and translocation of lead. We selected 50 Cajanuscajan seeds and put to germinate in a container containing chemically analyzed soil. The samples were dried in an oven and stored in identified paper bags. The dry matter production of root, aerial part and whole plant (root + aerial part) were determined using analytical scale. In laboratory the levels of lead in roots and aerial part were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental design was completely randomized and the results were submitted to analysis of variance, applying the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. Comparing the averages of fresh and dry weight of Cajanuscajan, in general, it was observed that they decreased, both aerial part and root, as increased the lead contents the samples were exposed to. The concentration of Pb in these compartments increased with increasing concentration of the solution added to the soil. Phytotoxicity symptoms were observed in some samples, such as yellowing and leaf drop. There was also a reduction in the growth of plants exposed to 1000 µmol L-1 of lead acetate in comparison with the other samples and the amount of Pb present in the roots was much higher than that amounttranslocated to the aerial part. As the roots showed a higher amount of lead, it is recommended that in the case of the process being used at larger scales, they must be incinerated or disposed of in appropriate trenches in landfills. The specie Cajanus cajan showed good efficiency in lead phytoextraction, proving its considerable importance and practical applicability in the recovery of areas contaminated by that element. Keywords: Phytoremediation, pigeon pea, heavy metals, contaminated sites, bioremediation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Assessment of the Presence of Ecodesign Principles in a Chemical Company M. Borchardt; M. A. Sellitto; G. M. Pereira (UNISINOS); M. H. Wendt (Artecola Indústrias Químicas)
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Abstract: This paper presents a case study about ecodesign constructs assessment based on a
multicriterial decision support method, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The assessment
took place in a chemical firm. The methodology was developed considering that the application
in other organizations, belonging to other industries, is available. Firstly, a theoretical framework
about ecodesign concepts and practices was prepared. Then, a focus group with multidisciplinary
team of experts in eco-conception identified seven ecodesign constructs describing the top term
ecodesign. The constructs are: materials, product components, product and process
characteristics, use of energy, product distribution and stocks, packing and waste. Each
construct was deployed in items. Using the AHP, the ecodesign constructs were weighted by the
company respondents and it was possible identified the relative importance of each construct. Keywords: Ecodesign, design for environment, analytic hierarchy process [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Assessment of the Viability of Production of Ceramic Tiles from Waste Generated in the Casting Process Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxide of Aluminum Alloy SOUZA, C.S., ANTUNES, M.L.P. (UNESP), DALLA VALENTINA, L.V.O. (UDESC), RANGEL, E.C., CRUZ, N.C. (UNESP)
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Abstract: The casting process is the production of metal parts when a metal or molten metal alloy is placed on a hollow mold made of sand. During fabrication of sand molds is generated as a byproduct dust exhaust. Disposal of this waste has several environmental damage as a modification of the natural landscape and occupation of large areas with landfilling, beyond this material is potentially toxic if disposed in uncontrolled areas. In order to use this waste, this work proposes the use of this waste for the production and characterization of coatings, such as protection film on an aluminum alloy surface plasma electrolytic oxide (PEO). The PEO is a process where the atmospheric plasma and conventional electrolysis are combined for the change of metal surfaces in ceramic oxides. In this work, the coatings were obtained in aluminum alloys by means of plasma electrolytic, electrolyte solution prepared using an exhaust dust and distilled water in concentrations of 5g / L and 20g / L. The electrolytic plasma was obtained by applying a potential difference of 650V, 300Hz frequency, duty cycle of + 60% to -20% and utilizing deposition time of 600s and 1200s. Were asked the exhaust powder analysis and film analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The composition of the coatings showed the presence of O, Al, Si, Fe, K, Mg, Na, C, where all concentrations increased with longer deposition. This study also showed that the coatings obtained from concentration of 20g / L and 1200s deposition produce uneven coatings and low adhesion, the condition being discharged for further studies. Keywords: Casting residue, ceramic coating, plasma electrolytic oxide, aluminum [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Backcasting and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Contribution HOMRICH, A. S.; CARVALHO, M. M. (USP)
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Abstract: Given the global needs for sustainable movement aligned to the concept of the Triple-Bottom-Line of Elkinton (1998) emerges the need for strategic planning and real engagement of stakeholders groups regarding the turning actions towards visions of the future, this is the approach known as backcasting. From these references, this paper aims to give an overview of the academic literature on backcasting for sustainability, describing trends, authors and the main topics discussed. The methodological approach used was a literature review with bibliometric analysis techniques and content analysis. Searches were conducted in the scientific database ISI Web of Knowledge. The initial sample for analysis consisted of 101 published articles between 1985 and 2014, expanded to the references cited in these articles. The sample was analyzed with respect to the evolution of publications, citations, identification of key journals, authors and works. To content analysis and main themes, proceeded to a selection based on the categorization promoted by the database and reading the abstracts, resulting in a total of 31 articles. The results indicate a significant increase of published papers and citations over the period. Models of backcasting studies identified in the literature converge: commitment and involvement of stakeholders; use of interactive modeling tools, workshops, questionnaires, interviews, etc. as well as efforts to monitor and stimulate the dissemination of social learning. Most studies focus on countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden Keywords: Backcasting, Sustenability, Framework, Stakeholders. Bibliometric study [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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BACON Project: Protecting Water Resources Against Potential Chemical Industrial Accidents A. Toledo; J. Galgaro (Rhodia)
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Abstract: The Atibaia and Anhumas rivers are part of the Piracicaba and Capivari hydrologic region, which supplies water for more than three million people and it is essential for agricultural production at regional level. The RHODIA chemistry plant is located close to these rivers and the consequence of potential accidents/incidents would be very negative to the aquatic life and the people located at downstream. In this sense, it was projected and implemented the BACON project, which is a protection system to the Atibaia and Anhumas rivers. BACON prevents that contaminated water goes to the rivers. This paper describes the BACON project since when it was established in 1997 until its closure in 2000. Keywords: Rivers, Drippings, Protection, BACON [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
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Barriers to the Adoption of Green Buildings on Higher Education Institutions KASAI, N. (UNESP)
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Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are responsible for significant environmental impacts, both for the massive amount of activities they develop every day, and for their resemblance with "small cities". In this context, HEIs have been suggested to search for a better environmental adequation, and one of the strategies for that to succeed is the adoption of green buildings. However, some researchs, especially the international ones, have been pointing that this kind of initiative usually faces several barriers, on organizational and financial basis, among others. These barriers may be occurring as well in Higher Education Institutions, more specifically in Engineering Colleges which have been receiving a special attention of the Brazilian government and organizations that provide research incentive to raise the quality and amount of graduate engineers in Brazil. In that context, the objective of this article is, therefore, to identify which are the most important barriers to the implementation of more environmentally sustainable buildings in Higher Education Institutions, and, based on research in the available literature, propose suggestions to eliminate these obstacles. Keywords: Green Buildings, Engineering College, Environmental Management, Higher Education |
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Barriers to Implementation of the Waste Management Plan: A Case Study ARRAGE, H. A.; AL KHATIB, M. M.; ANTONIASSI, B. A.; PINTO, E. M.; PAVELOSKI, E. M. (Universidade do Sagrado Coração)
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Abstract: This paper presents the results from an evaluation of barriers encountered in the initial phase of implementation of an Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan carried out in a medium-sized commercial enterprise. The Shopping Center are currently passing for a process of implementing the Integrated waste management plan and, already at this stage, organizational, cultural, attitudinal, technical and economic obstacles have been detected, thus are being treated as challenge by its administration. So that, the integrated waste management plan is conducted in order to attend the Planning and Current laws. This evaluation, which consists of a diagnosis of the real situations involving employees, clients and management groups, has been followed throughout the entire process and will serve as a basis for the formulation of corrective strategies during the implementation of the integrated waste management plan. This seeks to comply with the legislation recommended in the National Solid Waste Policy through a correct classification, destination and or treatment of the main waste generated, as well as, the targets for reduction and better alternatives for the environmental sustainability. The results demonstrate barriers especially in the organizational, systemic, economic, technical and attitudinal order, with emphasis on the previous lack of knowledge of employees and , entrepreneurs, regarding compliance requirements of Brazilian Law 12305/2010. The results obtained support a parallel work that has just begun and that promotes environmental education and actions, with the aim to integrate the society in the process of reduction, reuse and recycling of waste. Keywords: Barrier, Waste Management, Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, National Solid Waste Policy, Urban Solid Waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Barriers to the Implementation of Cleaner Production as Ecoefficiency Practice in Small and Medium Enterprises in the State of Rio de Janeiro M. T. B. Rossi (UFF); M. M. L. Barata (IOC/Fiocruz-RJ)
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Abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify how small and medium business in the state of Rio de Janeiro, can overcome the implementation barriers of cleaner production and as a consequence become more eco-efficient. In that context, the methodology used was the research and exploration of the available biography in order to identify the main known barriers for the implementation of cleaner production in the world and in Brazil, and its application and similarities to small enterprises located in Rio de Janeiro. As a result, a proposal for a strategic plan was developed including enabling actions for the adoption of cleaner production directed to the specific cases found in the small and medium companies of the Rio de Janeiro State. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Barriers, Eco-efficiency, Strategy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Behavior of the energy consumption of the air conditioning system for an office building in four climatic zones of Colombia BALBIS-MOREJON, M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); TOVAR-OSPINO, I. R. (Universidad Autónoma del Caribe/REFRINORTE S.A. - Colombia); SOUSA-SANTOS, V.; CASTRO-PEÑA, J.J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
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Abstract: In Colombia, the use of air conditioning systems increases and becomes a fundamental need to ensure comfort in buildings. The analysis of the energy behavior was carried out for four climatic zones of Colombia, including Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla. For each location, a large office building with an air conditioning system was simulated with the EnergyPlus V8.6 simulation tool. The air conditioning system corresponds to a centralized system, where two scenarios were generated, one with variable VAV air volume and the other with constant air volume with Fan Coil FC type terminal units. The results indicate that in Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla the VAV air conditioning system, with 33.5%, 9.7% and 14.9%, respectively, presents greater savings in the total energy consumption of the building, in the case of Bogotá, the use of the FC system with 0.32% has greater potential. The cooling and pumping subsystems also present savings potentials, although to a lesser extent than the global system. The study showed the importance of verification and prediction of energy consumption, considering energy consumption data systems and subsystems installed in the building and basic configurations of air conditioning equipment. Keywords: Energy consumption, air conditioning systems, simulation, buildings, climate. |
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Benefits of Integrating Life Cycle Assessment into the Product Development LUZ, L. M.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; PIERKARSKI, C. M. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The development of sustainable products has been perceived as a challenging issue in academia and industry. In order to meet the demands of sustainable development and minimize the complexity involved in this process, tools have been developed and applied to the product development process (PDP). Among them is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that has been increasingly used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and a new trend results in the application of LCA still in the PDP, from being retrospective to being prospective. This can bring several benefits to the organization. Therefore, the present article aims to make a survey of the main benefits obtained by the integration of LCA in the PDP. For this, a methodological approach was used to review the literature. With this study it can be noticed that despite the barriers found in the integration of the LCA in the PDP, the LCA has great potential to contribute significantly in the optimization of this process and to result in several benefits for the organization. Keywords: life cycle assessment, product development process, integrating, benefits [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Benefits of Optimization Process in Water Treatment Plants - Case Study SANASA Campinas SIQUEIRA, S. L. (UNICAMP/SANASA-Campinas); ISAAC, R. L. (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: In many water drinking treatment plants, the chemical applications are made with manualsequipment. These dosing controls are very difficult and depend of the experience of the operators. The water drinkingtreatment depends on several factors such as pH, turbidity, color and origin of the sample to be treated. These and other factors can determine the best chemical to be used and the best pH of coagulation and flocculation. Generally the treatment in higher values of pH may lead to an increased consumption of coagulants with a consequent increase in the sludge production. The use of aluminum salts and iron is common in water treatment plants. These products have capacities of treatment in different ranges of pH and the correct choice will influence the kinetics of the reaction s involved with consequent production of a higher or lower amount of sludge. Another important factor is the high cost that a wrong choice will lead to the process, because, in addition to direct consumption of coagulant and increased sludge generation, there may be a higher consumption of other products indirectly. This work show the results of accurate control and the choice of the best product for water drinking treatment with environmental and financial benefits which provided a reduction of over 40% in the consumption of chemicals including the coagulant and lime, in addition to the almost total reduction of the use of powdered activated carbon. As a indirect consequence of optimization process, there was a large reduction in the generation of sludge that has a high cost for your treatment and disposal. Keywords: Dewatering, clean production, reduction of waste, water treatment, sludge treatment
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Best Management Practices and Environmental Management in Aquaculture – Indicators for Monitoring in Multiple Scales RODRIGUES, G. S.; QUEIROZ, J. F.; FRIGHETTO, R. T. S.; SAMPAIO, F. G. (Embrapa); FRASCA-SCORVO, C. M. D. (APTA); COUTO, K. R.; RODRIGUES, I. A. (Embrapa)
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Abstract: The promotion of sustainable aquaculture depends on the documented adoption of Best Management Practices (BMPs), associated with the monitoring of environmental health, of the availability of natural resources (especially uncontaminated waters and sediments), and of the efficient use of inputs. In order to ensure a traceable and organized procedure to help fish farmers to comply with these requisites, a set of environmental performance indicators has been integrated into an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system, under the coordination of the Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (MPA), through a research project carried out in the Furnas reservoir (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). This choice of location aims at supporting a national policy, dedicated to implement ‘Aquaculture Parks’ in the large reservoirs associated with hydroelectric facilities in the country. These ‘Parks’ have been delimitated in selected areas, following careful diagnostics of hydrodynamics, carrying capacity evaluations, multiple water uses and conflicting interests, to receive permits to install cages for fish production. One provision of said policy charges MPA to offer producers with monitoring programs related with environmental impact and social benefit assessments of these aquaculture ventures. A challenge for such monitoring programs is to encompass the multiple scales represented by (i) the individual aquaculture ventures (be these small or large numbers of fish cages for each fish farmer), (ii) the collective association of producers in an ‘aquaculture park’, and (iii) the community at large eventually affected by these businesses. Furthermore, the monitoring procedure should emphasize the ability to promote and recommend adoption of BMPs, while facilitating the record keeping of environmental quality and resource carrying capacity information. The primary component of this record keeping, environmental management and resource monitoring procedure has been formulated as a ‘Weighted Impact Assessment System for Best Management Practices in Aquaculture’ (APOIA-Aquaculture), comprised of 68 indicators integrated in a multi-attribute platform to assess the ‘Spatial organization’ of the enterprises (in a set of 22 indicators), the analytical conditions of ‘Water quality’ (14 indicators), and ‘Quality of the sediments’ (09 indicators), and the conditions regarding ‘Management, nutrition and safety’ (23 indicators). A series of case studies has been carried out at the Furnas reservoir, in order to check the flexibility of the impact assessment system towards the different enterprise typologies, and its applicability as an environmental management tool for producers. Interestingly, a subset of ‘sediment quality indicators’ is frequently showing sensitivity as a record of mismanagement, especially those linked with inadequate feeding management. For instance, organic matter and phosphate contents increased markedly from sediments sampled ~10m upstream (considering the local current flows) as compared to just under the cages. The main reasons for these changes seemed to be the inadequate identification of cages, with consequent poor control on feeding practices and impossible bookkeeping. Such indicator interactions, and related management tradeoffs and improved practice recommendations, are stressed in ‘Environmental Management Reports’ offered to producers’ decision making. Further development of the methodology is now focusing the formulation of a set of ‘Natural resources and environmental assets sharing’ indicators, to address the joint organization of the upcoming ‘aquaculture parks’, in compliance with the multiple uses intended to these territories around major water bodies. Keywords: Aquaculture, impact assessment, environmental management, water quality, Best Production Practices |
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Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Product Life Cycle Management, Product Development Process and Sustainability and their Interfaces A. Varandas Junior (USP), P. A. C. Miguel (UFSC), M. M. de Carvalho (USP)
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a review, classification, codification, and analysis of the literature of the concepts Product Life Cycle Management (PLM), New Product Development (NPD), Sustainability and their interfaces. It seeks to map the literature on those concepts by bibliometric analysis. The analysis is supported by software (UCINET and SITKIS) to present the relations among the concepts, networks of citations and references, and related topics. Subsequently, the paper identifies a gap in the literature on perspectives for future research. ISI Web of Knowledge database is accessed as well as a Brazilian portal which is linked to various databases (CAPES). The analysis considers publications between 2006 and 2010, classifying according to various criteria. When classifying the papers, difficulties were encountered in identifying the research methods, since there was limited information on many articles. The results show that the papers are published in a dispersed way in different journals. The majority of them adopt case study as a methodological research approach as well as theoretical-based conceptual papers. Concerning the nature of the data, qualitative approach is more used than the quantitative one. Most papers are descriptive studies. One of the reasons might be due to the fact that these concepts are not well consolidated in the literature. The examined publications incorporated the concept of sustainability and PLM in the NPD process and are more extensively applied in industries, supply chain and software development. Papers usually emphasises the improvement NPD, performance assessment, and the integration of information from different areas. Finally, the article concludes that the literature converges to an integration of the concepts of sustainability and PLM, within the current practices of the NPD. There is a trend increased towards environmental issues demanded by society and the need of organizations to employ strategies that consider product end of life (remanufacturing, recycling and reuse). Keywords: Product development process (PDP). Product life cycle management (PLM). Sustainability. |
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Bibliometric Mapping of Scientific Literature of Eco-Innovation (1978-2017) VAZ, C. R.; LEZANA, A. G. R.; URIONA MALDONADO, M. (UFSC)
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Abstract: This article aimed to present a bibliometric mapping on the theme Eco-Innovation, to allow the researcher to understand the state of the art of the researched area. The research was classified as a review of structured, exploratory-descriptive literature. The Web of Science database was used in January 2017 with the combination of five keywords in the 40 year time period. Histology, VOSviewer and NAILS software were used to analyze the data. The results were presented as follows: i) the most representative versus most cited authors, ii) the main research centers versus the countries, iii) the more representative journals versus the more cited ones, iv) the cooccurrences of keywords, v) the more articles Quoted versus most cited references. In this way, it can be concluded that the first published work on the subject was in 1978 by Kostomo, the issue of Environmental Innovation in Finland. The most representative authors, both in the sample and in the number of citations, are the authors Rennings, Horbach, Mazzanti, Chen, Kemp, Wagner and Oltra. The most representative journals in the sample and number of citations are the Journal of Cleaner Production and Ecological Economics. In relation to research centers, the University of Ferrara and the University of Castilla de la Mancha stand out, both in terms of the number of documents and the number of citations. The most representative countries are UK, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. And finally, the paper that presented the most citation and is found in the cited references, is that of Rennings, entitled Redefining innovation - eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics, with 151 citations. Keywords: Green Innovation, Sustainable Innovation, Environmental Innovation, Eco-Innovation, Bibliometric Analysis |
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Bibliometrics Analysis in the SJCP's Coming from IWACP: Ten Years Working Together for a Sustainable Future OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; PINTO, F. R.; COSTA, I. S. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: The aim this research was assessment the papers published in the five Special Journal of Cleaner Production resultings of discussions and publishers in the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production to present drivers to future researchs. In data analysis was investigated the research methods utilized, researched countries, ecoeficiency tolls adopted and mainly the approaches of research in terms environmental, economics and social. The method adopted was bibliometric and content revision in 167 paper with data analysis through descriptive statistics and analysis of social networks with the use of UCINET-Draw. We conclude some opportunities for future research: (i) development of more research using the research-action methodology for the development of conceptual models and implementation in organizational practice; (Ii) although good foreign relations in SJCP publications from the IWACP could present cases that show comparisons among countries with Brazil to show means of technology transfer to improve the environmental management of Brazilian companies; (Iii) the opportunity to conduct research on industrial ecology and exergy; And (iv) future research focusing on the relationship between the three variables (environmental, economic and social), contributing to sustainability. Keywords: Bibliometrics analysis, International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production |
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Biodiversity Loss due to Climatic Impact of Land Use in LCA: a Case Study in Regionalization of Carbon Transfer Data in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest M. V. Lange, C. M. L. Ugaya (UTFPR) |
Abstract: Land use leads to different impacts on nature, so that the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of land use should include at least the impacts on biodiversity, biotic production and regulatory functions in the natural environment. This study focuses on the climatic effect of land use, determined by the carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and atmosphere, considering reabsorption by the earth's surface, aiming to generate usable data for assessing the loss of biodiversity. There are current methods for LCA use, which provide data for the main world biogeographic regions. But considering that carbon transfers are very specific for each microregion of the globe and even the existence of a more detailed division of biomes in each country – each of them with significant differences in species, ecological dynamics, ecological interactions and environmental conditions – a regionalization of the data for the Brazilian biomes is proposed, considering the main land uses. As an example and for validation of the data regionalization process, the study is focused on obtaining data of carbon transfers in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Therefore, initially, data on carbon stocks in soil and vegetation, for each of the strata of the Atlantic Forest Biome, were collected and tabulated. Then, calculation procedures were performed, considering not only the amount transferred, but also the permanence of carbon in the atmosphere, to finally determine values for the carbon transfer to the air due to implantation of pastures in the different strata, expressed as fossil-combustion-equivalent tons of carbon. The case study allowed the conclusion that the regional data are quite different from the generic data previously found for rainforests. Furthermore, differences were found between the values of carbon transfer to the various strata that make up the same biome - the Atlantic Forest. Thus is reinforced the need to regionalize the data on carbon transfer in order to make them more realistic and reliable. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Carbon Transfers due to Land Use. Biodiversity Loss |
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Biogas Production from Manure of the Fish Farming MACHADO, S. T.; JORDAN, R. A.; SANTOS, R. C.; PAOLETTO, A. M; REIS, J. G. M.; AVÁLO, H. (UFGD)
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Abstract: This paper evaluated the potential of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of manure of the fish farming, species Tilapia Gift (Oreochromis niloticus). This study is part of a pilot project conducted in order to evaluate feasibility to biogas production from manure of the fish farming in zone of Grande Dourados-MS, conducted by Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). For construction of the biodigester and gasometer model used in this work was two plastic gallon with capacity of 50 liters and white PVC pipe. The results of this study indicate a potential of 917 cm³ / day per 50 gallons of the gross material with retention time 10 days. Thus, it is possible to use manure from fish farming to produce biogas. Keywords: Biogas. Pisciculture. Tilapia Gift (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Biopaper Obtained from Microorganisms L. Xavier Filho (Universidade Tiradentes); P. Basmaji (Inovatecs); C. V. Córdoba (Complutense University - Spain)
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose the production of biopaper from microorganisms’ biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose. The potential capacity of microorganisms to form biocellulose and hemicellulose fibbers was analyzed. Biocellulose/biohemicellulose is expected to be a new biodegradable biopolymer. Keywords: Biopolymer, fermentation, microorganisms, Acetobacter xylinum
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Bird Survey as an Indication of Environmental Integrity in Preservation Areas SANTOS, E. N.; VENDRAMETTO, L. P.; VERAS, D. S. (Syngenta); CHRISTOFFOLETI, P. J. (ESALQ); RODRIGUES, R. S. O. (Syngenta)
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Abstract: Preservation areas are mandatory for all Brazilian farmers, according to Forest Act – Law 12.651 of May 25th, 2012. The purpose of these areas is the maintenance of the flora, fauna quality of the soil and water. A Bird Survey was performanced on a preservation area of a small agricultural property in Holambra – São Paulo - Brazil. This property follows the good agricultural practices so that erosion, soil and water contamination are avoided. The preservation areas, including native vegetation and reforestation areas, are maintained without any anthropogenic activities. Bird survey was made in the preservation area in 2003, 2005, 2010 and 2013. The data indicated a trend of increasing diversity and species richness over the years. Despite the intense use of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, no dead or intoxicated birds were found. These data demonstrate that the agricultural activities were not impacting the birds diversity and richness. The careful maintenance of the preservation area and its surroundings also contribute to the conservation of local biodiversity. Keywords: Good agricultural practices, preservation areas, birds [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Bolivia's Lithium Frontier: Can Cleaner Technologies Harness a Mineral Development Boom? HANCOCK, L.; RALPH, N. (Deakin University - Australia); ALI, S. H. (University of Delaware - USA)
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Abstract: In 2014, Bolivia’s President Morales announced a state investment of $995 million to develop the world’s largest lithium reserves, located in Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni. Lithium production is promoted as enabling development in this impoverished, indigenously populated country which has historically suffered terrible environmental and social impacts from mineral exploitation. Lacking expertise and capital to sustainably produce lithium, Bolivia’s plans for lithium industrialization through vertically integrated mineral development and public-private partnerships with foreign corporations, include a desire to harness the most environmentally appropriate technologies. We discuss the debate on cleaner production for lithium, challenges of Bolivia’s lithium industrialization, and investigate how the desire for clean technologies has cultivated unusual partnerships between state enterprises and foreign-owned private corporations. We consider this model for developing remote mineral reserves for advanced technologies that are necessary for the global transition from a fossil fuel to low carbon economy, and for addressing sustainable development goals. Lithium is vital for energy storage, renewable energy and the electric vehicle industry. To meet rising lithium demand, with minimal environmental and social impacts, novel approaches to international resource extraction partnerships transcending ideological biases will be needed, and their efficacy evaluated. Our research aims to pave the way to such an evaluative framework, using Bolivia’s lithium as a central case. Key research issues for developing the framework and initial criteria of evaluation are proposed. Keywords: lithium, Bolivia, extraction, public-private partnerships
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Bottle-to Bottle PET Recycling A. F. Formigoni (UNESP); I. P. A. Campos (UNIP)
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Abstract: Population growth and the continued incentive to consumption of disposable industrial products has led nowadays to a non-stop growing of the amount and the diversity of urban waste. The option to just dispose of industrial, commercial and home waste in landfill sites has led to their near saturation. Employment of these residues as raw materials has been adopted as a solution to this problem, but is young as an activity and thus, still not recognized as the best alternative. In the present dissertation a critical analysis of the problems posed by the bottle-to-bottle recycling of PET, for use in the food industry, in the general context of PET recycling is presented. The loss and recovery of the desired material properties, chemical and biological contaminations are discussed herein, as well as the fundamental question what the law about it is nowadays, and why, and how it might be better formulated. At this point in time, the Brazilian market recycles ca. 50% of the total produced PET, and this means that there is still potential for a lot to be done in what regards to PET recycling.Keywords: Recycling, environmental impact, PET, bottle to bottle[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Building an Ecodesign Transition Framework toward Sustainable Product Innovation BRONES, F. A.; CARVALHO, M. M.; ZANCUL, E. S. (USP)
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Abstract: In order to effectively integrate environmental aspects into product development processes, companies have to significantly change some of the practices and habits of all involved stakeholders and organisation.To complement earlier research and the (technical) “hard side of ecodesign”, this article explores the promising “soft side” that considers company culture and human factors,through a multiple steps literature review.Whereas a consistent prescriptive change model is still lackinginecodesignliterature, astrong convergence and synergy is shown with the emerging Transition Management approach designed for sustainability issues facing organisations. The principles of an “ecodesign transition framework”are proposed, combining a three-level systemic approach, complementary top-down planning and bottom-up innovation, through new types of interaction and cycles of action and learning, with a deeper stakeholder management. This new combination could be capable toaddresschange management issues and help companies evolve toward a more effective sustainable product innovation process, in the context of evolving business management practices. Keywords: Ecodesign, integration, change management, transition, sustainability
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Business Certifications for ISO 14001: Descriptive and Comparative Study of the Evolution Over the Period 2000 to 2010 PEIXE, B. C. S.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; SPENASSATO, D. (UFSC); TEZZA, R. (UDESC)
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Abstract: The evolution of certifications in the last decade highlights the concern about aspects related to environmental
management in enterprises, based on a overview from every continent on the standards of the ISO 14000 series.
In this sense, the aim of this article is to demonstrate the growth of certificated companies based on information
consolidated from the descriptive and comparative analysis, identifying continents and countries that grew the
most from 2000 to 2010. The research is: bibliographic, documentary; descriptive and exploratory research.
Regarding on the approach is: qualitative and quantitative. The results demonstrated the evolution of the
certifications over the period studied, and gave visibility to the current stage of certifications by continent and
countries. It was found that companies use certifications as a requirement for improving the indicators of
competitiveness, innovation and for eliminate barriers imposed by importing and exporting countries. The
requirements to certify the environmental management system are related to the compliance of internal and
external procedures, where companies seek to meet of the stakeholders. Keywords: ISO 14001 certifications, environmental management system, continents, countries, companies. |
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Business Cooperation Networks: Arrozeiras do Sul Experience D'OLIVEIRA, J. P.; PASQUALETTO, A. (PUC-GO); GUEDES, L. G. de R. (UFG/PUC-GO)
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Abstract: Business Networking becomes a brilliant alternative so several objectives can be achieved in less time, with better quality, lower cost and meeting current production needs within the criteria of environmental sustainability. In this paper, considerations based on a field research, supported by a theoretical reference on the structuring and operations of Business Networks are presented, as well as validated by a praxis evidence of what occurred and still occurs in the Arrozeira do Sul Network in the south of Brazil. This network effectively establishes the search for the concept of Cleaner Production, achieving consistency in its criteria of environmental sustainability. Keywords: Cooperation Networks, Cleaner Production, Sustainability |
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Business Cooperation Networks: Contributions to Sustainable Production D’OLIVEIRA, J. L. P.; PASQUALETTO, A. (PUC-GO); GUEDES, L. G. de R. (UFG/PUC-GO)
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Abstract: Cooperation between companies in the form of networks, has been highlighted as an alternative organizational configuration in response to recent economic and technological change. Is also evident from the literature that the pursuit of sustainability and Cleaner Production (CP) contributes to increased flexibility and capacity in the case of this study, as guiding the Enterprise Cooperation Networks. Thus, it is studied two approaches Enterprise Cooperation Networks, produced by researchers from Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, from the perspective of the contributions of networks on sustainability and Cleaner Production. A literature review that allowed us to compare the approaches of establishment and operation of networks has been carried out with the proposed focus, concluding that the networks have in their essence the necessary elements to create opportunities to adopt the methodologies and methods of sustainability and Cleaner Production (P + L). Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainability, Business Cooperation Network. Competitive advantage [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Business Results of Eco-Innovation in Emerging and Developed Economies REZENDE, M. D. V.; SANTOS, D. F. L. (UNESP - Brazil); BASSO, L. F. C. (Mackenzie - Brazil)
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Abstract:The article explored 323 sustainability reports certified by the Global Reporting Initiative, with the primary aim of assessing – at the company level – the structure of results of eco-innovation at firms established in developed markets and emerging markets in the period from 2012 to 2014. A valid sample of 231 companies was obtained, including 58 from emerging countries and 173 from developed countries. The methodology was based on Structural Equation Modeling and Panel Data Regression. The study found that virtually all environmental and social eco-innovation variables were significant for their respective dimensions in developed countries; however, in the emerging countries, only two environmental and social variables were significant, which shows that there is a more advanced stage of eco-innovation in developed countries. With regard to the results of the panel data regression, the environmental and social variables were significant only for the Return on Sales (ROS), and in a different way between emerging and developed countries. Keywords: Sustainable innovation, capacity to innovate, performance, emerging economies.
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Carbon Capture and Utilization by Mineral Carbonation with CKD in Aqueous Phase: Experimental Stage and Characterization of Carbonated Products PEDRAZA, J.I.(UNAL - Colombia); SUAREZ, L.A. (UNAL/Universidad ECCI - Colombia); MARTINEZ, L. A.; ROJAS, N.Y; TOBON, J.I.; RAMIREZ, J.H. (UNAL - Colombia); ZEA, H.R.(UNAL - Colombia); CÁCERES, A. A. (Universidad ECCI - Colombia)
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Abstract: Carbon dioxide capture and reuse techniques are being developed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector at the same time that high added value by-products are obtained. Carbon capture by mineral carbonation of CO2 using industrial waste is an interesting technology. Its rate and effectiveness depends on four main parameters: water content of the sample (or amount of mixed water or liquid/solid ratio), particle size, temperature, and pressure. Cement kiln dust, which is a residue of the cement industry, could be considered the most suitable material for this purpose, with a high calcium and magnesium content. We used a responsesurface experimental design model to assess CO2 carbonation mineral techniques and determine its uptake potential, and the products’ physical-chemical and mineralogical properties. Diffractogram showed that a carbonated phase was formed after the reaction, increasing the amount of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Theoretical uptake was calculated as 23.4% w/t, instead, experimental yield was found out between 7-22% compared to the theoretically amount of CO2 sequestration. Keywords: Carbon capture and utilization, cement kiln dust, industrial waste, mineral carbonation. |
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Carbon Footprint of Commercial Forest Plantations (Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula) and Protection Forest Plantation (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in Colombia MARTÍNEZ, L.A.; CUÉLLAR, Y.; PÁEZ, N.J.; PEDRAZA, J.I.; BELÁLCAZAR-CERÓN, L.C. (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)
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Abstract: Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a criterion to identify and quantify environmental benefits for process or products. LCA is useful to determine different environmental impact categories in the whole production chain or part of it. Carbon dioxide mitigation improves the global environmental impact of a specific product expressed as carbon footprint by the substitution of raw materials and processes to combine environmental and economic benefits. In this work, LCA was performed to determine the carbon footprint for two commercial forest plantations (Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula) and one protection forest (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in Colombia. Forestry operations were divided into three categories: seedlings production, planting and soil preparation, and maintenance and control. The felling process was not considered. The amount of plants per hectare was established for each species. The OpenLCA® software was used to evaluate emissions in global warming potential, and the Ecoinvent v3.2 database for the inputs of life cycle inventory data for different secondary processes. The inputs that feed the forestry processes were obtained from the management and commercial forestry plans for the evaluated species. Results showed that the variations depend on species planted and their maintenance, which includes different levels of fertilization, as well as different intensity of forestry operations. The maintenance and control stage have the highest contribution to total emissions of CO2, being a considerable result that counteracts the CO2 captured by the plantations. Keywords: carbon footprint, life cycling analisys, OpenLCA. |
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Carbon Footprint of Intensive Broiler Production LIMA, N. D. S.; NÄAS, I. (UNICAMP); GARCIA, R. G. (UFGD)
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Abstract: The intensive broiler production is a significant economic activity when considering the increase in broiler production and the number of slaughtered birds. However, this commercial segment needs to adjust to the perspectives of low carbon emission economy. There is a lack of information of carbon equivalent emitted in the broiler production supply chain under certain rearing conditions. Therefore this study aimed to estimate the greenhouse gasses (GHG) from broilers reared in the dark-house system in Brazil and to find the carbon footprint for subsidizing future mitigation. Dark house systems consisted of a house 15 m wide, 150 m long and 3.8 m high, and a floor area of 31500 m2 with forced ventilation; exhaust fans (12 with an air flow of 580 m3 s−1), a highpressure fogging system, and internal built walls painted with a black coating. To evaluate the carbon footprint the total rearing time was considered (1d old to 42d old). Data from 5 similar houses were registered including electricity use, dimensions, and material of the house, the number of reared birds, litter management, the number of flocks in the same litter per year, and feed ration. GHG emissions were estimated using the method developed by the World Resources Institute using emission factors based on the region and the type of animal, according to the recommendations of the IPCC for inventories. Mechanical emissions were approximately 97% of the total emissions. Annual total emissions from mechanical sources added 740 tons of CO2eq/year. This value is a result of the use of electricity (21 tons of CO2eq/year) and the technological level of the system (exhaust fans, automatic feeders, and drinkers). Emission from the litter added up 55 tons of CO2eq/year. Feed represented nearly 75% of all emissions depending on the origin and the type of feed grains for the production of the feed ration. The total estimation of the environmental impact of broiler production under the dark-house system in the center-west of Brazil is 740 tons of CO2eq/year. Keywords: environmental impact, greenhouse gasses, broiler meat |
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Case Study BrazilGlass - New Business Patterns MUNIZ, A. G. L. (UNIP); CORREA, D. A. M. (Ernest & Young); AMARAL, F. V. A.; NOGUEIRA, M. ABE, J. M. (UNIP)
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Abstract: This report is produced in accordance with the method of SWOT analysis of the company BrazilGlass, the strengths identified throughout the study suggest that the company has a good vision and strategy practice new standards. The research is made of numerous interventions in the company throughout its existence in search of a Cleaner Production. The company is technologically updated and seeks to offer products with new materials, better design, energy saving and respect for the environment. It knows the importance of airtightness, insulation and durability in its products and therefore moves towards a new phase within the universe of locks of facades made in the industry. The company provides its products in good lighting, minimizing the inconvenience caused by the incidence of the sun, wind and rain and developing systems that have gone through various stages of evolution. For this innovation in the production of laminated glass, tempered glass, screen printing, insulating glass and window frames and coatings. It is important that investments in advertising campaigns and reducing the cost of goods is on the orderpaper in the company to make the process more sustainable and have more possibilities in front of their direct competitors. We highlight environmental responsibility and cleaner production aiming for sustainability of their processes, including a margin of 100% reuse of materials and waste released into production Keywords: Glasses and Cleaner Production
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Case Study for Recovering of Landfill Landscape of Toledo-PR C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE); J. C. Klein; S. Dimbarre (UNIPAR); D. Mondardo; P. P. Bellone; L. B. Santos; F. Scherer (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: The work was to propose guidelines for the recovery of landfill landscape of Toledo - PR. The development of a technology coverage aimed specifically end the establishment of a vegetation, initially was based on an established diagnosis of physical and chemical characteristics of soil used in the final layers of coverage. We collected samples of soil in the depth of 0-20 cm, which were established some parameters such as pH, Saturation of bases, cation exchange capacity, macro and micro nutrients. The spontaneous flora of the area studied is composed of species that escaped from cultivation; from the remnants of species in natural surroundings. In this study may notice that there were no significant differences in relation to the relevant witness, therefore, the results allowed the suggestion of studies and definitions of species that can be used revegetated in the cell and closed the surroundings of the landfill in the municipality of Toledo-PR. The determination of the chemical analysis of soil from landfill showed great concentration of organic matter, derived from waste, can avail of nutrients already deposited in the soil, however, requiring small levels of application of fertilizer and lime to promote better development and resistance of the species recommended. Keywords: Sanitary embankment, degraded area, revegetation, slope [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Case Study on Selective Colection in Electromechanical Laboratories: First Initiatives Based on an Evaluative Model DRAHEIN, A. D. (UNICESUMAR)
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Abstract: The objective of this research is to verify the benefits of the selective collection in electromechanical laboratories in an educational institution that offers technical courses, with the aim of verifying the current situation of the institution regarding sustainable initiatives. An evaluation was first carried out by means of a model called Sustainability Assessment for Higher Technological Education (SAHTE), in a structure composed of five axes and 134 criteria. The model presents guidelines for beginners and highlights good practices found in educational institutions. In the first evaluation, there was a low adherence to the sustainable initiatives of the institution with the 134 criteria distributed in the five axes of the model, as only 26 criteria were met. After the evaluation, a meeting was held with teachers and coordinators in which the implementation of selective collection in electromechanical laboratories was chosen, the choice being justified due to the importance of the course for the region, the number of students involved, and the total absence of Selective collection in laboratories. After the implementation of the selective collection in the laboratories, the fulfillment of 16 criteria was observed, distributed among the five axes of the evaluative model. This demonstrates that in this case, a very specific point, selective collection in electromechanical laboratories, directs the institution to meet criteria not only in the fifth axis waste, but in all five axes. This was due to the environmental awareness generated by the activity, research of the students and teachers, involvement of the collectors association and the community during the implementation of the selective collection and the insertion of the activity planned for the next classes of the electromechanical course. Actions on selective collection are necessary in the future for the entire institution. Keywords: sustainability, laboratories, electromechanical, evaluation, selective collection |
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Caso Cuba. Un Camino al Desarrollo Sostenible J. J. C. Eras (UCf-Cuba), D. G. Lorenzo, A. S. Gutiérrez, L. Hens (Free University of Brussels-Belgium), C. Vandecasteele (K. U. Leuven-Belgium)
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Abstract: This work analyzes the cuban model for sustainable development and explain the causes in order to convert this country in the world the only that in accordance with World Wide Fund for Nature accomplish the requirements for sustainability. Explains the results in education and health sectors such improve the high value for IDH. Also analyzes the Cuban foot print and policies applied in both fundamental aspects, the carbon foot and agricultural lands. This makes available the economic growth without sensible increasing for the foot print. Keywords: Cuba, Sustainable Development, IDH, Foot Print |
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Cell Layout Application in Product Recovery: a Lean Proposal to Increase Efficiency in Remanufacturing M. Bouzon, C. M. T. Rodriguez, A. A. de Queiroz (UFSC) |
Abstract: The growing demand of organizations for technological alternatives to reduce environmental damage and meet the new legislative requirements has brought greater focus to the activities of product recovery. Remanufacturing is a means of recovering a product. It is defined as the process of restoring a product to its original specifications with the reuse of materials, improving quality and functionality. However, the remanufacturing industry faces difficulties and is considered an unstable and inefficient environment if compared to manufacturing. Therefore, this paper proposes a cell layout based on lean manufacturing concepts and adapted to the remanufacturing context, aiming to minimize waste, reduce variability and ultimately increase efficiency. Keywords: Remanufacturing, cell layout, lean remanufacturing, product recovery |
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Ceramic Incorporated with Ornamental Stones Waste Obtained from the Blocks Sawing Using Multiwire Technology: Environmental Characterization GADIOLI, M. C. B.; PIZETA, P. P. (Mineral Technology Center); AGUIAR, M. C. (UENF)
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Abstract: In 2016, the ornamental stones production in Brazil was of 9,300,000 tons. The ornamental stones wastes are a growing concern in the country, due to the amount of material generated and your destination. As there are a wide variety of rocks and different technologies there is the need for characterization of waste, especially the environmental characterization. In recent years there has been major change in the use of technologies for stone sawing, where almost 50% of the materials are sawn with the multiwire technology. The objective of the present work was to the environmental characterization of ceramics with ornamental stones waste from processing the blocks in multiwire. The waste was characterized before your incorporation in ceramics. Were used the waste and the clay in the proportion of 25 and 75%, respectively, for the preparation of the ceramic body. Specimens were fabricated by uniaxial press-molding at 20 MPa, dried and sintered at 1030°C. The following properties were determined: linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural rupture strength. Were realized leaching and solution tests for characterization of ceramic residue. According to the parameters analyzed, the stones residue studied was classified as inert not and the ceramic material with 25% of waste as inert. This result shows that the use of waste in ceramic can be an alternative to the use of stones waste and consequently reducing the environmental impact. Keywords: waste, ceramic, environmental impact |
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Challenges in the Integrated Management of Health and the Environment: The Case of a University Campus Z. A. I. Miranda (SENAC)
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Abstract: In this article we can see the experience of the implantation and certification of an Environment Management System in a different atmosphere from the usual undertakers atmosphere. This is the Santo Amaro Campus of the SENAC University Center , settled in an area of approximately 120 thousand square meters, which has 21 undergraduate courses and 7 graduate, in the health and environment areas, fashion and art, hotel management and tourism, exact sciences and design. Almost 4.000 people, among pupils, employees and teachers, 1/4 of this total is renewed during the year, this fact brings an additional difficulty to be certain that there will be a good level of participation and knowledge of these people. The Ecoefficiency Program was created by SENAC/SP in 2002, with the purpose of committing all its 60 units to the environment, beyond its formal obligations of attending legal rules. 2005 was the beginning of the implantation of the SGA of the Campus, with the direct participation of 14 people, among directors, employees, teachers and pupils. In December of 2006 the campus concluded an exhaustive and well succeeded process of audit, as a way to guarantee its adjustment to the settled rules. The examined case presents peculiarities and changes relative to the usual processes of implementation and certification of environment management systems which are identified and discussed in this article. It is detachable that the adopted model anticipates 3 certification levels, with the purpose and growing, complexity, attending to a NBR ISO 14001:2004, and incorporating components of health and occupational security, creating an integrated management system. It was decided that to begin the certification process at once required the level II, because of the complexity of its activities and by the necessity to incorporate the participation of the pupils to give credibility to the SGA. Keywords: Environment management, auditing, certification [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Challenges of Inter-Municipal Public Sector Consortia in the Management of Solid Residue in Brazil: Case Study of Public Sector Consortia Santa Tereza Valley - ConVALE and Serra Dourada Valley – VALEcon MARTINS L. F.; AGUIAR, V. F. S. (PUC-GO); ASSUNÇÃO, S. G. S. (PUC-GO/UFG)
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Abstract: This paper studies the challenges of federal entities interested in constituting public sector consortia with a proposal to solve issues related to solid residues in Brazil, following the requirements by the National Policy on Solid Waste. This analysis was based on a case study regarding public sector consortia: the Inter-municipal Consortium of Santa Tereza Valley – ConVALE– constituted by municipalities of Santa Tereza (state of Goiás) – Trombas , Formoso, and Montividiu do Norte; and the Inter-municipal Consortium of Serra Dourada Valley (state of Tocantins) – VALECon – constituted by municipalities of Paranã – Palmeirópolis, Jaú do Tocantins, and São Salvador do Tocantins. Our analyses, researches, interviews and training course led us to conclude that the development of regional solidarity, the formation of paradigms through investments in professional training, the service of consulting and training managers would solve the major problems in public sector consortia. Keywords: Public sector consortia, solid residues, National Policy on Solid Waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Challenges of Teaching Corporate Environmental Management in Brazil: The “5 Ls” C. J. C. Jabbour (USP-FEARP)
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Abstract: Teaching corporate environmental management (CEM) is fundamental for the education of more responsible students. We analyzed the main challenges for CEM in Brazil from the viewpoint of teachers. Results indicate five types of barriers for teaching CEM, denoted here as the “5 Ls”, namely a lack of integration of other teachers in the teaching of CEM, a lack of acceptance of CEM as a subject by the peers teachers, a lack of focus on business while teaching CEM, a lack of CEM teaching materials appropriate for the realities of Brazil and a lack of interest among some students in CEM. Keywords: Corporate Environmental Management, Brazil, Education for Business, Environmental Management
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Characteristics of Environmental Management Systems in the Construction Industry CAMPOS, L. M. S.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; CARVALHO, D. N.; BORNIA, A. C.; SANTOS, T. H. S.; SPENASSATO, D. (UFSC); SELIH, J. (University of Ljubljana-Slovenia)
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Abstract: The managers seek to implement policies, procedures and techniques for managing the environmental impacts of business activities, which requires a systemic view. Environmental issues can no longer be treated in isolation; they integrate a system that requires planning, implementation and continuous improvement, demonstrating the importance of adopting Environmental Management Systems. The study of the construction sector is crucial as it allows the operation and expansion of other industries, but the environmental impacts that construction generates should be considered. This article aims to present the theoretical basis for preparation of items to be answered by the project participants of International Cooperation: Brazil, Slovenia. This project was signed between Santa Catarina Federal University and Santa Maria Federal University (Brazilian institutions), and by University of Ljubljana (Slovenian institution), which aims to conduct a comparative study of the construction industry in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazilian states) and Slovenia, from the standpoint of environmental management and ways to implement Environmental Management Systems. Regarding research methods, we proceeded to review the literature focusing on environmental management in construction. The first group of items aims to identify the profile of the respondent company, the second group of items is relative to the Quality Management System (although the aim of the paper is the Environmental Management System, it appears that there is the tendency of companies having ISO 9001 certification seek ISO 14001), the third group of items deals with issues related to the Environmental Management System. The preparation of the questionnaire came from a survey of literature, identifying the motivators and barriers to implementation of Environmental Management Systems, among the barriers listed for the respondent are: Lack of pressure from the government, lack of customer support, High costs for deployment, out sourcing creates problems in implementation, lack of technology, complex documentation, lack of support from employees, Weak environmental culture among competitors, lack of initiative among firms in the segment. Among the barriers are: Standardization of procedures for environmental management, social recognition (improvement of company image), increase the environmental awareness of contractors and construction sites cleaner. The concern with the implementation of Environmental Management Systems is notorious, surpassing market issues and become an important competitive advantage. Finally, the standards of ISO 14001 do not require of the organization an optimal level of environmental performance, but help it to achieve their own environmental goals. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Management System, ISO 14001, Quality Management System, ISO 9001
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Characterization of Brazilian Red Mud (Bauxite Refinery Residues) and Assessment its Properties for Futures Applications M. L. P. Antunes, F. T. da Conceição, G. R. B. Navarro (UNESP) |
Abstract: Aluminum is an abundant element in the Earth. In contemporaneous World it has huge application and it is very important to economy. However, Production of aluminum is associated with the generation of red mud as the major waste material. Its disposal remains an issue of great importance with environmental concerns. The alternative is find and develop red mud applications. Its applications depend on its properties. This way, the present work aimed to characterize the Brazilian red mud and after heat treatment by different techniques (granulometric analysis, powder X-Ray diffraction, thermal analyses, gas adsorption – BET, transmission electron microscopy analyses and ICP analyses). The Heat treatment of red mud increases the surface area which can promote adsorption applications. With heating of red mud, the quantity of iron oxide increases. This allows other application to red mud as coagulant, catalyst or Fenton reagent. The heat treatment enables new applications for red mud. Keywords: Red mud, aluminium, thermal analysis, characterization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Characterization of Organic Coffee in Mexico LOPEZ, F. M.; VILLAR, G. H. L. (UFSCar)
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Abstract: Organic agriculture, considered by many researchers as sustainable by their production processes and their environmental advantages, as being opposed to using technological packages of the Green Revolution - use of transgenic seeds, high use of Agrochemicals, loans with high interest rates, peasants exclusion of markets and their traditional knowledge of crop management -. In rising from organic agriculture, either it creates new specialized marketing channels, by direct purchase of the property or by retailers and processor networks; however expectations of participating in the international market were slim to none. In this sense, certifying bodies create conditions to include the products of small producers in international market and create trust with consumers. The Mexican organic coffee is a good example of the organic production incentive policies and as organizations working on certifications, as is the case of Unión Ejidos de la Selva. However, it is necessary to generate information on current standards of certification and specialized public policies in organic production. The objective of this paper is to present certification of organic product models and how the Mexican organic coffee is within the international market. For the preparation of this work, were performed bibliographic research on the organic handling procedures, certifications, certifying bodies and the Mexican public policy specialized in organic production. Some data were obtained by the authors in 2013 at the professional residence in the Unión Ejidos de la Selva organization Keywords: Unión Ejidos de la Selva, Production Clean, Ley organic products, Organic Agriculture
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Characterization of Resultant Effluent of the Washing Process of Plastic Film Evaluating Treatment Application for Electrolytic Process ORSI, M. C. V. L. (UNESP/FATEC); MANCINI, S. D.; LESSA, S. S.; GONÇALVES, L. B. F. (UNESP)
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Abstract: The water is a fundamental component for the process of raw material preparing for recycling plastic post-consumer, for participate as element of removing debris and dross that contaminate the raw material matrix used. The present work aims characterize the water washing of one recycler of plastic type film (bags) to estimate increments and pollutants as a general form to gross water, through the parameters indicators of characteristics physic-chemical, relating the influence of plastic volume prepared for recycling with solid volume. These results will serve as a basis for preparatory estimate of removal these solids through the application for electrolytic process, considering the effluent characteristics before the process and after the electrolytic process. Keywords: Treatment, water resources, recycling, film [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Characterization of Soil Mixtures and Waste Foundry Sand CARDOSO, S. M.; MACEDO, G. A.; SARRO, W. S.; FERREIRA, G. C. S.; SILVA, V. P. A.; PEREIRA, R. S. (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: The application of waste in several areas of the productive sector demands urgency in the application of sustainability concepts. Waste Foundry Sand (WFS), used for the granulometric stabilization of clay soils, is one of the residues with promising results to overcome the demand for reuse and sustainability in the transportation sector. This experimental work studies soil mixtures + WFS with the objective of verifying physical characteristics and mechanical behavior, aiming the application in structural layers of flexible pavements. Therefore, granulometry, plasticity, ultrasound and unconfined axial compression tests were performed. We conclude that the incorporation of up to 40% of ADF is indicated to compose the layers of base and sub-base of paving, besides the ultrasound technique is a promising tool for technological control of compacted soils. Keywords: Geotechnics, technological control, solid waste, sustainability |
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Characterization of Textile Effluent Treated by Adsorption with Residual Adsorbent Generated in the Aluminum Industry ROSSI, T. R.; TANAKA Y. H.; CANO, V.; ANDRADE, H.; MIYADAL, C. A. G.; NOLASCO, M.; COSTA, S. M.; COSTA, S. A. (USP)
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Abstract: The textile industry uses large quantities of synthetic dyes in the process of textile processing. The generation of non-fixed dye in the textile substrates contributes to the pollution of the effluents. In order to comply with the legislation and strategies of Cleaner Production, the textile industries have been looking for sustainable alternatives for the treatment of effluents. A poorly exploited but potentially adsorbent material for the removal of color from textile effluents is the residue generated in the oil filtration process used in the lamination of aluminum sheets. For the textile industry to use this residue, an assessment of the characterization of their behavior becomes necessary. A textile effluent composed of 3BL solophenyl red dye and chemical additives commonly used by the textile industry was used. The experiments were performed in batch, adding 20 g of the residue and 500 mL of the effluent. The pH was adjusted to 4 with HCl, and the reaction was kept under stirring at 300 rpm for 30 minutes. The effluent was filtered through Buckner's funnel, centrifuged and the recovered liquid was evaluated for absorbance at 280 and 531 nm, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and anions. The results showed that the pH of the treated effluent did not change during the adsorption process. The reduction of the absorbance at 280 nm shows a possible reduction of the aromatic compounds and the absorbance at 531 nm indicated 95% of the color removal of the effluent color. The COD of the effluent treated in relation to the raw effluent showed a reduction of 64.1%. In terms of ions measured in the treated effluent, it was observed an increase in chloride and sulphate ion contents and a reduction of phosphate ions in relation to the effluent. It can be concluded that the adsorbent generated from the waste studied from aluminum industry may be an adsorbent used to treat effluents in textile industry. The increase of sulfate ions in the effluent treated by the adsorbent raises the need for future studies that demonstrate the potential of reuse of the treated water. Keywords: adsorbent, textile industry, aluminum industry, textile effluent, waste |
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Characterization of Waterworks Sludge and Coal Ashes Aiming its Use in Manufacture of Brick M. V. da Silva, D. A. Fungaro (IPEN/CNEN-SP) |
Abstract: Sludge from treatment water Brazilian plant station are, frequently, disposed and launched directly in the water bodies, causing a negative impact in the environment. Also, fly ash is produced by burning of coal in coal-fired power stations and is the industrial solid waste most generated in southern Brazil: approximately 4 million tons/y. Efficient disposal of coal fly ash is an issue due to its massive volume and harmful risks to the environment. The present work is being developed with the objective of evaluating the viability of the use of the sludge of the treatment water plant stations along with the coal ashes to manufacture bricks. Samples of fly ashes from a cyclone filter from a coal-fired power plant located at Figueira County in Paraná State, Brazil and waterworks sludge of Terra Preta County in São Paulo State, Brazil, were used in the study. The materials were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, morphological analysis and granulometric analysis. Fly ash-sludge and fly ash-sludge-soil-cement bricks were molded and tested, according to the Brazilians Standards. None of the bricks produced in the studied conditions has attended the requirements of the Brazilian norms of quality of compressive strength. Keywords: Coal Ashes, Waterworks Sludge, Brick [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Chemical Characterization and Minerals of Roasted Pyrite Ash of an Abandoned Sulphuric Acid Production Plant CIVEIRA, M. S. RAMOS, C. G., TAFFAREL, S. R., KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (Centro Universitário La Salle)
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Abstract: The obtention of sulphurgenerte a hematite-rich waste, known as roasted pyrite ash, which contains significant amounts of environmentally sensitive elements in variable concentrations and modes of occurrence. Whilst the mineralogy of roasted pyrite ash associated with iron or copper mining has been studied, as this is the main source of sulphur worldwide, the mineralogy, and more importantly, the characterization of submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles, in coal-derived roasted pyrite ash remain to be resolved. In this work we provide essential data on the chemical composition and nanomineralogical assemblage of roasted pyrite ash. XRD, HR-TEM and FE-SEM were used to identify a large variety of minerals of anthropogenic origin. These phases result from highly complex chemical reactions occurring during the processing of coal pyrite of southern Brazil for sulphur extraction and further manufacture of sulphuric acid. Iron-rich submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles within the ash may contain high proportions of toxic elements such as arsenic, selenium, uranium, among others. A number of elements, such as arsenic, cromium, copper, cobalt, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, strontium, titanium, zinc, and zirconium, were found to be present in individual nanoparticles and submicron, ultrafine and nanominerals (e.g. oxides, sulphates, clays) in concentrations of up to 5%. The study of nanominerals in roasted pyrite ash from coal rejects is important to develop an understanding on the nature of this by-product, and to assess the interaction between emitted nanominerals, ultra-fine particles, and atmospheric gases, rain or body fluids, and thus to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of pyrite ash materials. Keywords: Coal rejects, sulphuric acid production, nanomineral impacts, potentially hazardous element
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Chemical Footprint of Brazil: A Case of Study of Dioxins and Furans SIMÕES, P. H. B. (Lisam Ecoadvisor Systems/UNIP - Brazil), GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP - Brazil)
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Abstract: Dioxins and Furans are part of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) with high potential to cause harmful impacts to humans and the environment. Considering that life quality is negatively affected by the presence of these substances into the environment, this paper calculates the potential damages to human health based on the USEtox risk model and the Brazilian inventory of Dioxins and Furans. The potential damage to health is indicated by the chemical footprint of the Brazilian states, which is associated with geographic and demographic characteristics of each region. The total calculated impact score for Brazil is 621 DALY, the state of São Paulo (SP) is the first in the ranking with 27% of the calculated impact, followed by Minas Gerais with 16%, Rio de Janeiro with 12%, Espirito Santo with 10%, Pará with 7%, Paraná with 4%, Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso with 3% each. These eight states concentrate 80% of the impacts caused by Dioxin and Furan emissions. The impact score indicates the potential impacts on human health and is an alternative reference for ordering the emission source categories and can aid in decision making for public policies. The impact scores based on the population ISUFpercapita, the Gross Domestic ISUF$, and the area ISUFkm² show a significant variation when comparing the ranking of each indicator, and it is possible to use them jointly or individually to compare the chemical footprint of the states. Keywords: LCIA, Chemical Footprint, Dioxins and Furans, USEtox. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Circular Economy and Bioeconomy: How Are They Related? FARIA, E. O.; CALDEIRA-PIRES, A. (UnB - Brazil)
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Abstract: Given the consensus on the urgency of environmental issues and growing concern about the scarcity of natural resources, new models related to sustainable development have been proposed. Thus, the general objective of this article is to analyze how two of these concepts that permeate sustainability — Circular Economy and Bioeconomy — have been combined in the scientific literature. It also aims to identify how biorefineries are part of this context. In order to reach the proposed objective, it was decided to use the systematic literature review procedure following the protocol proposed by Cronin, Ryan, and Coughlan (2008), from Scopus database. Besides synthesizing knowledge about this subject, the article highlights the characteristics of the studies (temporal distribution of publications, main journals, major themes addressed, authors and their respective countries), as well as methodological aspects, main initiatives and programs, and the actors involved. The results showed that although the first studies date from 2016, the increasing interest of researchers in the subject is evident. The recent initiatives of Circular Economy and Bioeconomy formulated by the European Union in 2012 and 2015 and the United States National Bioeconomy Blueprint are policies guiding the actions of the countries that have published most about these subjects. As for the methods of analysis, there is a domain of the LCA method (Life Cycle Assessment) in the studies that deal with the environmental impacts of the productive processes. From the analysis of the network created by the most recurrent keywords, it was possible to perceive a greater centrality and strength around the term Circular Economy, and the second keyword with the greatest prominence is Bioeconomy, which reinforces the relation of complementarity of the approaches. Finally, studies point to the need for cooperation between the scientific community, private companies, government, and society to establish an effective environmental policy based on the principles of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy. Keywords: Circular Economy, Bioeconomy, Biorefinery, Sustainability, Systematic Literature Review. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Circular Economy Yesterday and Today: A Bibliometric Analysis DEUS, R. M. (UNESP); SAVIETTO, J. P.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP); BATTISTELLE, R. A. G. (UNESP)
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Abstract: Sustainability remains a significantly debated issue for both post-industrialized and industrialized countries, many of which are still in the early stages of sustainable development. Circular economy comes as a model to drive towards sustainability because material flows are like biological cycles, that is, products are designed and planned for a cyclical metabolism through the generation of value. Thus, this article aims to evaluate the current state of the art, based on bibliometric tools and discusses the role of the circular economy in the scientific literature in the past and present. We concluded that the topic of the circular economy is still emerging, that is, since 2006, articles on this subject have been published in the Web of Science database, and since then it has grown steadily. Several countries have issued on the subject; however, China has been highlighted both regarding publication and citation impact. The main institution with the best indicators of production is the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Journal of Cleaner Production is the main journal with 25.6% of all publications, being the bridge between all the others journals since it has the main publications. The circular economy has much to develop, especially in Latin America, which has a low representation of a subject of such importance. Keywords: Circular Economy, Bibliometrics, Systematic review [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cities Characteristics Impact in GHG Emissions DURAN JR., L. J.; PACCA, S. A. (USP)
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Abstract: Despite technology progress, world per capita energy demand is increasing. Relying mostly on fossil fuel sources, energy production and consumption causes environmental impacts and contributes to climate change. Almost 75% of the world's energy is consumed in the urban environment. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of energy consumption in cities enables effective mitigation actions. Based on an adapted STIRPAT model, this work analyzes the relationships between characteristics of ten Brazilian cities with CO2 emissions related to direct energy consumption. Model’s results indicate that population is the most important driver for emissions (elasticity, coefficient 0.996), followed by residential emissions (0.846), and direct energy consumption (0.481). It is verified that population affluence (0.161) and electricity generation emission factors (0.017) also contribute positively to increasing emissions. Amongst the modeled variables, just technological advance (-0.216) and increasing of the attractions points density (-0.018) contribute to CO2 emissions reduction. It is concluded that public policies, such as energy security, the use of renewable sources and the encouragement for decentralization, such as increasing attractions points, are alternatives to CO2 emissions reduction. Keywords: cities, emissions, energy, planning, modeling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects and Generation of Clean Technologies in Brazil C. Andrade (UFBA); A. Costa (UFBA); L. Nápravnik-Filho (UNIFACS); A. C. Telésforo (UFBA); A. Ventura (UFBA)
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Abstract: One of the Kyoto Protocol’s innovations was stipulating mechanisms that aim at the cooperation among countries to mitigate the climate change. Only the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) makes the participation of developing countries possible. The article’s goal is to evaluate the contribution of Brazilian CDM projects related to the Energy Industries for the generation of clean technologies. From the analysis of the 37 projects that had received carbon credits up to 2007, it is possible to conclude that this contribution remains incipient: only 3% of them could be characterized by the development of clean technologies focused on cleaner production. Thus, considering that clean technology and cleaner production are the most adequate environmental strategies to reach a sustainable development, it is not possible to affirm that these 37 Brazilian CDM projects are effectively contributing for this target. So, the analysis of the Brazilian projects related to the Energy Industries reveal that, at least in Brazil, CDM is far from achieving the fundamental purpose of minimizing the global warming via the stimulation of a cleaner development model relied on the cooperation among countries. Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), clean technologies, cleaner production, brazilian energy industries [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Prospects for Production of Bioelectricity by the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry CLAUDINO, E. S. (UFGD); REIS, J. G. M. (UNIP/UFGD)
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Abstract: The Bioelectricity is the most recent and promising product of Brazilian agribusiness. The new activity, the importance of which was recognized in recent years in the Brazilian scenario, is far removed from conventional industry standard for production, ie, requires new forms of knowledge and management before little used, especially in agricultural industry. Thus, through an exploratory research this paper aimed to identify the current situation in the Brazilian cogeneration plants identifying the potential for energy generation from all Brazilian plants and possible opportunities for creation of certificates for Clean Development Mechanism projects in the sector. As conclusions can be observed that the current technological capacity to generate bioelectricity from sugarcane bagasse is in the initial stage, but with potential to increase installed capacity. Keywords: CDM, sugarcane industry, sustainability, biomass, energy, cogeneration [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Clean Energy or Coal, Jobs and Displaced Carbon Emissions at Any Cost? Assessing Australia’s Brown Coal v. Solar-Produced Liquid Hydrogen Exports to Japan HANCOCK, L.; RALPH, N. (Deakin University - Australia)
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Abstract: In a world shifting to a new global low carbon energy system and economy, renewable energy (RE) generation by Australia for export to its Asian neighbors could be part of a new renewables-driven political economy. We explore the complexities of energy exports and the tensions between the use of fossil fuels versus renewables for energy exports. We first outline Australia’s potential in the transition to renewables and its current national energy policy paralysis. The Australian government has entered into an agreement to export hydrogen to Japan in a purposebuilt Japanese shipping fleet. However, the agreement is based on using lignite (brown) coal from the ailing Gippsland mining industry. The comparison of solar versus coal-produced liquid hydrogen exports to Japan is assessed against seven lenses or filters: the public interest ‘No-net-detriment to Australian consumers’ test; Australia’s Paris 2015 carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction commitment; other environmental impacts such as production-related emissions and embedded energy in shipping infrastructure; socio/political national benefits to GDP; impact on Australia’s energy security; socio/political assessment of impact on Australia’s energy-related foreign policy and Australia-Japan relations; and the way that using coal to generate hydrogen for export to Japan undermines Australia’s commiment to the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Keywords: Liquid hydrogen, lignite coal, solar hydrogen generation, hydrogen exports to Japan, UN SDGs, product life cycle emissions. |
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Clean Technologies (Bio-Fertilizers) Alternative to Urea for Production of Basil in and Out of Season C. Cabanillas, D. Stobbia, A. Ledesma (National University of Córdoba-Argentina) |
Abstract: The growth in the use of pesticides and fertilizers which cause pollution of surface and belowground water, soil, air, flora, fauna and produce negative effects on the health of the population, has increased interest in clean technologies like bio-fertilizers. In the context of sustainable agriculture, the objective of this research is assess the effects of different biofertilizers (vermicompost) and urea in the production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) variety Catamarca INTA (wide leaf) in and out of season. The seeds were sown in the greenhouse in March (out of season) and in October (in season). The treatments used were: vermicompost from bovine ruminal content 50%:50% soil (LCR), vermicompost from rabbit manure 50%:50% soil (LEC), urea 100 kg/ha and the soil (control). Completely randomized design was applied with three repetitions and thirty plants per treatment. The variables were analyzed by ANOVA and the mean comparison was performed by Fisher LSD (p<0.05). The results indicate that the variables are significantly increased in season: the number of leaves and branches are greater and is double the height and aerial fresh weight, of the root and the total fresh weight, and aerial dry weight are fourfold greater while the total dry weight, of the root and leaf area produced three times the amount produced out of season. The time-substrate interaction was highly significant for height. In both seasons it can be observed the highly beneficial effects of vermicompost than the ones achieved with urea and control, but urea station has a more favorable effect than the control. In season the LEC performs better in terms of the number and area of leaves and chlorophyll content compared to LCR. In both periods, the use of vermicompost produces better results due to its effects on all production variables. These clean technologies are a sustainable alternative to the application of urea in the production of basil both in and out of season. Keywords: Clean technology, biofertilizers, vermicompost, basil, production |
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Cleaner Energy Production and Sustainable Investments: A Portfolio Analysis in the Italian Electricity Market CUCCHIELLA, F.; GASTALDI M.; TROSINI M. (University of L'Aquila, Italy)
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Abstract: The recent climate change, global warming, environmental disasters and the economic crisis are only the first signs of the failure of an economic system that, for too long, shows an uncontrolled utilization of the planet wealth. The Italian electricity market, which is strongly dependent on hydrocarbons, only in recent years has seen a first attempt to change towards renewable resources for electricity production aimed at self-consumption and for feeding into the grid. This paper presents an economic analysis whose purpose is to evaluate the sustainability of investments in renewable technologies for the production of electricity. Each renewable source has its own profitability dependent on a number of factors and subject to market fluctuations, cost and frequent changes on the incentive policies. Applying Portfolio Theory is it possible to select the right mix of renewable energy sources to be included within the renewable energy balance and simulate its evolution. Moreover the presented analysis can be useful for energy planners to select future green scenarios finalized to the reduction of emissions and energy imports through the increasing use of renewable energy. Keywords: Renewable Energy Sources, Portfolio Analysis, Sustainability, Sharpe Index
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Cleaner Machining Through a Toolholder with Internal Cooling L. E. A. Sanchez, V. L. Scalon, G. G. C. Abreu (UNISC)
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Abstract: This work treats of a cooling system for cutting tool in turning based in a toolholder with cooling fluid flowing inside its body being that this fluid must necessarily be able to phase change due to heat generated from machining processes. In this way the fluid evaporates just under the cutting tool allowing a heat transfer more efficient than if were used a fluid without phase change once the latent heat of evaporation is beneficial for removal heat. Following, the cooling fluid evaporated passes through a condenser located out of the toolholder where it is condensated and returns to the toolholder again and a new cycle is started. In this study the R-123, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) fluid, was selected for the turning of a Cr-Ni-Nb-Mn-N austenitic steel of hard machinability. As result, the developed system allows a tool life equal to or better than the conventional cutting fluid method, moreover there are environmental and economics advantages once the cooling fluid is maintained in a loop circuit. Keywords: Turning, internal cooling, dry machining, tool life, coolant fluid |
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Cleaner Production and Aspects of National Policy of Solid Waste in the Clothing Manufacturer Sector BIERMANN, M. J. E. (PUC-RS)
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Abstract: It is estimated that Brazil annually manages more than 8,000 tons of waste originated from the clothing industry, of which more than 80% may be irregularly arranged in landfills and dumps. The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) requires a change of this scenario by establishing management tools for all waste generated in productive and service sectors. The proposal brings ambitious goals for public and private managers for non-generation and proper disposal of waste at all stages of the production process. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the Cleaner Production (CP) can contribute to the development of a culture that seeks elimination, reduction and reuse of scraps generated in the clotting industry, with actions that encourage efficiency in the production process. Unlike traditional management methods that focus on stocks of generated waste, the CP seeks improvements in the process itself, increasing the potential for reducing the generation of waste and minimizing the amount to be allocated. Implementation of Cleaner Production in seven (7) Clothing industries in the state of Paraná reduced around 12% of the generation and the possible re-use of up to 100% patchwork generated in the industrial process, exceeding the goals established by PNRS. Keywords: Sustainability. Process. Textile. Environmental Indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production and Environmental Aspects in Sugar-alcohol Industries R. P. Alvarenga; T. R. Queiroz (UNESP-Tupã)
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Abstract: The sugar-alcohol sector can provide an important form of production with an efficient and environmentally correct. The problem of burning the straw of the cane for hand made harvest is already near-end. The law that puts an end to the burns, the current advance in the agro-mechanization and the increasing technological advancement of the cane harvesters are contributing in a systematic way to eliminate the problem of pollution from carbon dioxide. The management model used by the Cleaner Production of sugar mills and alcohol is not always what actually characterizes what happens in many sugar-alcohol industries. Moreover, the production of electric energy made by the sugar cane bagasse, the way of waste bagasse and filter sediments released to the environment weakened the production really clean. These are released to the ground often disregard the ability of the soil behaves. Keywords: Sugar-alcohol Industries, sediments emission, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production and Environmental Management as a Sustainable Product Innovation Antecedents: A Survey in Brazilian Industries SEVERO, E. A.; GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (IMED); DORION, E. C. H. (UCS)
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Abstract: Cleaner production(CP) methods and environmental management practices are tools that strive for production process efficiency, the use of its input and the generation of industrial waste. These tools can significantly contribute to sustainable product innovation, due to the rational use of natural resources and the minimization of generated wastes. This study aims to measure the relations between the conditions for sustainable product innovation, considering the constructs of CP and environmental management. It alsoexamines the relationship between sustainable conditions and product innovation and financial performance as well as the size of the moderating effect of the companies on the relationship between the constructs. In this context, a Survey in 762 companies of different sizes was carried out in the metal-mechanic sector in Brazil. Structural Equation Modelingmethods were used for results analysis.The results show that the constructs of CP and environmental management are important antecedents for sustainable product innovation, and relevant mediator of financial performance. Accordingly, the way for companies to produce new environmentally sustainable products is through the presence of cleaner production and environmental management practices. For the academic field, the make-up of a framework for the analysis of the relations of the categories constitutes the main contribution, as well as providing management information to decide on the implementation of sustainability programs, resulting in higher financial gains through product innovations sustainable. Keywords: Cleaner production, Environmental management, Innovation sustainable product, Financial performance, Brazilian Industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability: Case of a Plastic Industry in Serra Gaúcha J. C. F. Guimarães (FTSG), E. A. Severo, E. Dorion, P. M. Olea (UCS)
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Abstract: Given the large consumption of natural resources, environmental impacts, the organizations have been incorporating into their strategies the concept of sustainability. Today, the organizations are becoming the object of new expectations about their responsibilities to society as agents that dispose of financial and technological resources to solve with more agility, decisiveness and direction environmental problems. Cleaner Production (CP) incorporates technological, economic and environmental processes, products and services in order to increase efficiency in the use of inputs and raw materials to reduce waste, nongeneration, minimization and recycling of waste generation, providing economic and environmental benefits. The most important aspect of CP is that it requires not only technological improvement, but the application of know-how and a change in management behavior. These three factors together are what makes the difference compared to other techniques related to production processes. The objective of this research is to examine the results obtained by the implementation of CP in production processes in a plastic industry of the Serra Gaúcha. The current case produces accessories for the furniture industry and construction, is active on the national and international markets for about fifty-six years. In implementing a CP strategy, the company has developed a new process for producing a polystyrene handle. From this case study, a qualitative research was executed and the results show a reduction of 90.3% of the waste of raw materials and other contaminants, as well as a reduction in production costs by 36,4% of the polystyrene handle. Another improvement from the CP process occurred in the substitution of materials for the painting of handles through the use of new technologies, causing a 60% reduction in loss of material in use, and a 9.6% reduction in acquisition costs inputs for the painting. Furthermore, it is noteworthy to mention that in addition to CP practices, the company treats all its effluents and wastes from the production process, contributing to the economic and environmental sustainability of the organization. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, plastic industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production and Ergonomics: a case of waste minimization and improvement of work conditions E. C. Batiz; S. M. Alves; O. Gallo (SOCIESC); A. J. de Souza (Whirlpool)
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Abstract: This paper was made in a thermal treatment area, in salt bath oven of an enterprise of North of Santa Catarina. Its goal was to determinate the factors that influence waste generation of salt used in process. It was observed that the mean cause of wastefulness is the position which the workers are obligated to adopt due to pre-determinate procedure, as well, the layout and tools used. The impossibility of workers to maintain the workpiece draining of salt inside of oven, due to weight, tool characteristics and the area conditions causes an additional worker position problem. With direct observation technique, mo, filming, pictures and spaghetti diagram it was verified that due to layout the workers walk 430 m daily and this is one of the causes of salt quantity that is wasted. This quantity is around 2.1 ton/year. With use of ergonomic and cleaner production principles the detected problem of worker position could be eliminated, as well as the unnecessary passage of workers and workpieces. It was proven the existence of strong synergy between ergonomic and cleaner production. Also both can be applied to improve the environment and to preserve the health, as well, to guarantee the workers safety. Keywords: Work conditions, waste minimization, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production and Innovative Processes for an Industry of Re-Manufacturing Automotive Plastic Parts in Hermosillo, Sonora MUNGUIA, N. E.; POOM, T. G.; VELAZQUEZ, L. E.; ESQUER, J. (UNISON-Mexico)
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Abstract: Currently, industries are required to include best practices in order to reduce the impact of their activities with their environment. The nature of the production process of industry will be the determining factor in efforts to prevent pollution. So making a precise characterization of the process is an essential part for cleaner production. This work, with this recognition, aims to propose a program of cleaner production and pollution prevention in a remanufacturing industry of automotive plastic parts in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, this program is based on the eight steps of a Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook, taking place within the period of May to December 2012. During the development of this research was detected the existence of environmental and occupational risks. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was made for the assessment of these, in order to broaden the scope of understanding. Increase the scope of the project is recommended in order to take advantage of the corporate interest in improving their practices due to the importance of achieving a greater competitiveness on terms of sustainability. Keywords: Cleaner production, pollution prevention, industry |
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Cleaner Production and Product Life Cycle Design of the Upholstered Furniture in the State of Alagoas, Brazil A. Rapôso (UFBA-IFAL), A. Kiperstok, S. F. César (UFBA)
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Abstract: This paper presents some results concerning environmental and organizational aspects obtained from analysis of the manufacture processes of upholstered furniture in the Furniture Cluster in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The methodology is based on concepts of Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production. The data were collected through interviews with employees and direct observation in the local. The results indicate the need for advanced studies to identify possible changes in the product and / or in the development process of upholstered furniture of that cluster. The partial conclusions suggest a future application of Life Cycle Assessment on one of upholstered furniture to improving the manufacturing efficiency through the cleaner environmental practices. Keywords: Cleaner production, product life cycle design, furniture production, upholstered furniture |
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Cleaner Production Application in a Wood Industry in Amazon State B. G. Pereira (INPA); I. R. Neto (UCB); K. Yuyama (INPA); H. G. Pereira (Kali-Umwelttechnik GmbH Sondershausen - Germany); C. L. P. de Matos (SEBRAE-AM)
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Abstract: This study shows the proposal of implantation of a Clear Production program (PmaisL) in the company Portela Industry and Commerce of Wood, located in Manaus-Am. Currently, the Portela company, wood floor producer for the external market, operates at 25% of its full capacity, due to difficulties acquiring legalized raw material. In this current situation, the practice of low cost PmaisL has been suggested, as well as the Sebrae-AM subsidy for the Technological Consulting Program, with economic and environmental benefits. Starting from the application of PmaisL methods and based on the opportunities identified, the option taken was to work on the improvement of operational practices in the wood drying sector, as it is directly related with quality control, besides this being the initial basic process for wood improvement. As an intervention proposal, an accompaniment timetable of temperature and humidity of the drying controller/programmer was created to be followed by an employee put in charge of this function. This measure generated a reduction of four days in heater drying time, with a 1,4% reduction in defective raw material, 50% reduction in water consumption in the heater, 25% in energy consumption, 25% in reuse of residues in the ovens, thus decreasing pollutant gases emission by 25%. Other generated benefits were the creation of a new job position, reduction of risks with burning equipment and accidents caused by lack of control and the increased drier yielding. The good acceptance of the PmaisL by the manager was due to it implying no cost for the company, therefore the implementation occurred by means of behavioural changes and insertion of procedures in the task assignments. Keywords: Environment management, residues reduction in the source, good practical, wood company, Amazon [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production applied in the Pre-Printing and Printing Phases in a Graphical Industry F. P. Canesin; M. B. P. dos Santos (UFF)
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Abstract: This work describes the implementation of Cleaner Production (CP) practices in a graphical industry located in the state of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil. Cleaner Production practices were put into practice in a six month period, consisting in phases and steps as established by UNEP. The production of two printed products was considered as study case: individual sheets with an annual production around 3.9 million, and books of 232 pages with an annual production around 12,600 units. Environmental diagnosis phase showed several opportunities for cleaner production in the pre-printing and printing phases related to water and energy consumption, solid waste reduction, effluents and emissions minimization. After implementing some CP practices, it was obtained a reduction of 37% on the effluent generation, 45% reduction in water consumption, and 45% reduction in plate solution reagent used. One of the main operational obstacles faced during CP practices implementation was related to a lack of budgetary forecast to implementation. Also, it was observed an organizational culture not fully directed towards an efficient resource use and the difficulty in implementing projects that generate expenditure increases. Keywords: Cleaner Production Implementation, Graphical industry, Material reduction, Waste reduction [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production Applied in Sealer Process of Paint Shop from an Automotive Company L. Wiemes (FAMEC); U. Pawlowsky (UFPR)
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Abstract: In an automotive company, much kind of residues are generated diary. They are of the most variety possible and have to be disposed properly too, according to the specifications that the company has to follow. To study a specific process or residue it took much time and trained people to evaluate the best way to avoid his generation. Normally, the person responsible to realize this study is a technical or an engineer and as the companies nowadays have greats dimensions and as the work realized in a department may cause impacts in another it was decided and more convenient to create a work group to develop and solve this problem. The work described in this article was developed in a sealer process of an automotive paint shop and the author’s presents here some of the steps adopted in cleaner production to reduce in the process application: quantity of material applied, numbers of operations and quantity of residues generated. A little discussion is elaborated at the end of the article and some considerations are showed to diffuse the best practices identified in this company. Keywords: Painting process, protection, residues |
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Cleaner Production applied to the Hotel Sector S. P. López; R. R. Rodríguez; S. L. Funes (Centro de Producción Más Limpia del Bajío - Mexico)
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Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Bajio Cleaner Production Center (Bajio CP Center) in its project conducted jointly with the Tourism Development Secretariat (SEDETUR) and the Guanajuato’s Environmental Protection Office (PROPAEG). The project called "Cleaner Production - Clean Company" focused on the hotel sector in the major cities of the state of Guanajuato. The objective of this project was to detect the potential savings in the use of raw materials, water and energy, and also contribute to a productive efficiency and reduction of operating costs of companies in this sector. In addition to the economic and environmental benefits achieved by the Cleaner Production (CP) and Energy Efficiency (EE) Implementation, PROPAEG joined efforts to design guidelines based on terms of reference for conducting environmental audits in the state of Guanajuato, to complement the Cleaner Production Diagnosis and Implementations. Therefore, under this scheme all the hotels that make a Cleaner Production project can get the "Clean Company" Certificate issued by PROPAEG, so in a single project the hotel can get environmental regulatory compliance, financial savings, improves public image, increases competitiveness, minimizes negative environmental impacts and the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy. So far, 34 hotels in the cities of León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Silao and San Miguel de Allende have participated in this project. Some of the results obtained are: awareness and training to over 100 employees from the participating hotels, in terms of productive efficiency, pollution control and pollution prevention. The detection of areas of opportunity in CP and EE in 34 hotels can lead to an estimated savings potential of $3 million of Mexican pesos (around 250,000 USD). The implementation of CP and EE at four different hotels is being translated in a decrease in water consumption of 52,987 m3/year, a decrease in polyethylene bag of 1740 kg/year, a decrease of 1,532 l/year of liquid chemicals and 2,065 kg/year of solid wastes. In regard to energy, there will be a decrease in diesel consumption of 5,790 l/year, a decrease in the consumption of LP gas of 47,374 l/year and a reduction in electricity consumption of 20,308 kWh; all this translated also in a decrease in CO2 emissions to the atmosphere of about 135 ton/year. The economic benefits are savings for $ 1,191,300 pesos/year, with a required investment of about $ 218,592 pesos, which has a simple recovery rate of 2 months. Also, 3 hotels obtained the "Clean Company" certificate with a total compliance with environmental laws of the state of Guanajuato. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Guanajuato, hotels |
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Cleaner Production as a Corporate Sustainability Tool: An Exploratory Discussion H. C. D. Pimenta (IFRN), R. P. Gouvinhas (UFRN)
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Abstract: This study brings form an exploratory discussion on the CP as a corporate sustainability tool, describing some subjects like sustainable development and cleaner production. These subjects were investigated in studies conducted by several researchers and institutions from Brazil and abroad. Thus, it was considering the three aspects of corporate sustainability, corporate social responsibility (improving quality of life), eco-efficiency (optimizing natural resources usage and reduction of pollutant burden considering the life cycle of products) and competitive position. Thus, it is possible to associate CP as a tool to assist the promotion of corporate sustainability, hence this tool allows continuously search for the environmental efficiency of operations through optimizing of natural resources usage and eliminating waste, improving the environment working by the elimination or minimization of risk to employees and community, and change the consciousness of employees facing the environmental problem, while allowing economic gains with the elimination of waste and risks, as well as increased productivity. Thus, Cleaner Production can be considered a ‘win–win’ strategy, can protect the environment, the consumer and the worker while also improving industrial efficiency, profitability and competitiveness. Keywords: Sustainable Development, corporate sustainability, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper] [Presentation (ENG)] [Presentation (POR)] |
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Cleaner Production at an Environmental Agency: 15 Years of Experience at CETESB, Sao Paulo - Brazil F. M. Ribeiro, J. W. F. Pacheco (CETESB)
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Abstract: The State of São Paulo concentrates about 40% of Brazilian industry, which although conferred a large economic force to the state has also brought several environmental challenges in its history. In order to ensure and improve the environmental quality, in 1968 the State government created CETESB, the São Paulo State Environmental Company, which has served on permitting pollution sources, monitoring the environment and transferring technology in its 40 years of existence. In 1996, CETESB made its first contacts with cleaner production (CP) and since then has developed several initiatives to foster CP in the State. This paper presents the main initiatives and the most relevant achievements, with emphasis on the institutional development and the relationship improvement with industrial sectors representatives, concluding with a brief view of the main prospects for the near future. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental agency, public policy, environmental regulation |
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Cleaner Production Criteria and Project Management Maturity: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis in Brazilian Industries GUIMARÃES, J. C. F.; SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); SENNA, P. (CEFET/RJ)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) is an important mean to systematic reduce losses of both product reuse and manufacturing processes. For the successful implementation of CP is essential to ensure effectiveness of factors that can influence this process, such as identification of used decision criteria together with an effective methodology for managing the implementation strategies of projects in order to reach the expected results. Based on the relevance of the themes, this research has the objective of measuring relationships and correlations between constructs criteria of CP, Project Management Maturity and Success CP, considering the moderating effect of Business size. This study tested 238 manufacturing industries. For the analysis and data interpretation we used the Structural Equation Modeling methodology, which was implemented by a descriptive research method. The survey results show relationships strength and correlations between the constructs, contributing to the research of CP as well as presenting a new research area that can support the assertiveness of management actions. Keywords: Cleaner production, Decision criteria, Project Management Maturity, Brazilian Industry, Structural Equation Modeling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Evaluation System (SAPmaisl): Encouraging The Continuous Improvement R. F. W. Neetzow; J. M. Oliveira (SENAI-RS); A. V. Souza (Apoio Consultoria)
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Abstract: This report presents the experience carried out for the development and validation of a methodology based on the concepts of the Cleaner Production (CP) through a checking system on the continuous improvement of the CP actions implemented by the companies, with the aim to monitor and contribute for the reduction of the environmental impact generated by them. The study was developed as the extent of a Project under the technical coordination of Cleaner Technologies National Center – CNTL – at SENAI RS, with the financial support by SENAI – National Department and the Regional Departments of the states Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Twenty three (23) companies took part on the study as pilot companies. The standard environmental performance evaluation methodology was developed based on the concepts of the CP. The norm worked out defined the following: the selection criteria of the companies to take part on the pilot project, the requirements of the Cleaner Production Evaluation System (CPES) which where verified by specialists, the certification steps in compliance to the CPES, the goals, the conditions to make pre evaluations, the issue of the CPES Support Certificate, the criteria used in order to reach the goals and the evidences to prove the compliance, the evaluation criteria, how would the company be recommended, how would this recommendation be validated, the expiring date of the certificate and how would the evaluation cycles be. The pilot companies have defined three (3) Environmental Aspects which were monitored during three (3) months, through Operational Performance Indicators. After that, in each state a technical consultancy was made in order to adjust the companies, with the aim to validate the methodology of Environmental Performance Evaluation, based on the concepts of CP. A group of specialists was selected and trained to make environmental performance evaluation at the companies, based on the concepts of CP. The results were presented by the companies showing the environmental benefits and the economic outcomes obtained. Finally, it was made a Verifying Auditory on the compliance of the proposed goals by the trained specialists and the companies who showed the proposed reductions received the CPES Approval Certificate and the CP Seal. This study presents as an example the case study of a pilot company in RS that took part in the study. Keywords: Indicators, cleaner production, environmental performance evaluation, environmental performance indicator, operational performance indicator [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production for Rock Quarrying 'Campel Construções e Máquinas Pesadas LTDA' PONTES, J. C.; SILVA, V. P. (IRFN); LIMA, V. L. A. (UFCG); NASCIMENTO, P. H. M. (IFRN)
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Abstract: At this turn of the century, several sectors of Brazilian industry still maintain investments in end-of-pipe control, when it should be in preventions, which would avoid or minimize pollution during the production. In the mineral sector, mainly in the mining operation, it still makes use of end-of-pipe technologies. Regarding the rock blasting operation using explosives, loading and transportation, numerous socio-environmental problems have been occurring as wastage and generation of residue throughout the operation process, affecting workers' quality of life, the well-being of communities and the surrounding environment. In this mineral sector, the environmental problems seems to be related to the fly rock, the vibrations, the wastes generated, the emission of dust and gases after the detonation, the increase of the noises, besides the visual and landscape alteration. Therefore, the present study aimed to propose the application of the cleaner production on the rock blasting in the rock quarry of Campel Construções e Máquinas Pesadas Ltda, located in Taipu-RN, aiming at the reduction of waste and the generation of residues. Proceeding the study, the following methodological procedures were used: survey of references, book reports and field research at the mentioned quarry. A diagnosis was made of the mining operation process, followed by the loading and transport phase of the disassembled material. The results of the study and the diagnosis of the situation in which the quarry is located in relation to the waste that has been generated in the phases of the mining operation. It is concluded that the application of cleaner production techniques: it will imply in optimizing the explosive load ratio in the rock blasting carried out in the quarry object of study, it can provide a greater efficiency in the productive process and decrease of the problems listed above, as well as, quality of life. Keywords: Cleaner production. Pollution Prevention. Rock Blasting. Quarry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production Implementation within Textile Industry: Economic and Environmental Benefits H. C. D. Pimenta, R. P. Gouvinhas (IFRN)
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Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the environmental and economic benefits from the Cleaner Production implementation within a furniture industry from Natal-RN. For this, an analysis was made including operational and environmental aspects (process flow diagrams, inputs and outputs information, mass balance, environmental aspect and impact analysis, waste studies) and Feasibility analysis (technical, economic and environmental evaluation, select options for implementation). According the results, it was possible to implement the three levels of CP, through housekeeping practices (cutting and handling of chemicals); technological modification (installation of a pressure washer with the printing of fabrics); internal recycling and external recycling. Regarding economics, there was an annual savings of R$ 55,946.96, making the company more productive and tend to become more competitive. Keywords: Cleaner production, operational and environmental adequacy, textile industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production in a Steel Industry FISCHER, Y. R.; MELO, I. V.; SILVA, L. C. S. (UFPE)
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Abstract: This paper focuses on the efficiency of steel production process of a steel industry located in the Northeast of Brazil through the eyes of eco-efficiency that integrates the three aspects of sustainable development which are economic, environmental and social. Aims to analyze the critical inputs and residues from the point of view of industrial eco-efficiency according to the Cleaner Production program on your electric steelworks. It is work based on information obtained directly in the industry. Although steelworks (unit where it becomes pig iron or scrap in liquid steel) is one of the most critical units of the steel plant, where the slag is formed, which represents the largest amount of residue generated and the greatest financial waste, it was observed that the industry in question the use of slag as a co-product for the cement industry was the choice for process improvement. Considering that the scrap, pig iron and lime are the inputs with more expensive costs in steelworks, the process temperature control is a practice that allows the reduction of these inputs, and lower energy consumption. Another practice adopted in the steelworks is the purification of scrap. It follows, therefore, that the application of the Cleaner Production program provides a significant improvement in industrial processes, particularly the steel industry. Keywords: steel industry, steelwork, sustainable development, eco-efficiency, Cleaner Production. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production in Construction Sector L. S. Goron (PPGEM); R. M. C. Tubino (UFRGS)
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Abstract: Brazilian National Environmental Council created, in july 2002 the resolution number 307, which started to be value in January, 2005. Since then the construction sites had to adequate their site works. In this way, trying to reduce the environmental impacts and a better efficiency of the construction process, it was created in Porto Alegre, Brazil, a group of 7 contractors partially sponsored by SEBRAE and supported by National Center of Clean Technologies- CNTL and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul- UFRGS, with the objective of the application of the Cleaner Production methodology. This paper reports this experience of the construction sector, with very good economical results to the participants enterprises. Keywords: Construction solid waste, clean production, environmental impacts [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production in Construction Sector: a proposal of minimization of residues in the source C. Mattosinho (UFPE); P. Pionório (FASETE)
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Abstract: The industrial residues make possible to verify an enormous inefficiency in the productive processes, being been that the same ones directly affect the conditions of life of the humanity. The construction sector possesss an enormous parcel of contribution in the deterioration of the ambient quality, since one of its characteristics is the used raw material wastefulness and assistant in the constructive processes of urban enterprises. The present work has as objective to consider a solution to minimize the generation of solid residues in Construction Sector, through the application of the Clean Production methodology. Thus, the main contribution of this work was to demonstrate the possibility of if acting in the cause of the generation of the residues of the sector of civil construction, that is, to breach the paradigm of that wastefulnesses are characteristic of the sector and that the techniques of external recycling are the only exit to reduce the ambient degradation of constructive processes. Keywords: Construction solid waste, clean production, environmental impacts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production in Sector for the Manufacture of Leather Artifacts: Overview and Considerations K. M. C. Mattos; M. R. Monteiro (UFSCar)
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Abstract: The environmental concern with the residues of the Sector of Manufacture of Leather Devices is justified by the high generated volume and by the degree of contamination with toxic metals of these residues. The residues of the leather contain high dosage of chromium - substance used in the tanning of bovine skin. It’s not degradable, chromium is a risk of contamination of soil and groundwater in areas where residues are deposited. The substance is a heavy metal that can cause allergies and even cancer, if present in large quantities in the human body. Heavy metals, such as chromium, differ from other toxic agents because they are not synthesized or destroyed by man. Residues containing toxic metals have high power to contamination, than the cost of the high cost for its disposal in industrial landfills. Within this context, the paper presents an overview on the sector, the importance of the methodology of Cleaner Production and the first steps of this tool to evaluate the productive process and try to minimize residues generation, reduce costs, increase competitiveness and gain environmental sector and the population as a whole. Keywords: Residues, leather, chrome, cleaner production, management system [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production on Bakeries: Perspectives and Oportunities E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland); A. F. F. Queiroga; E. P. de Almeida; L. R. Porto (CEPIS-PB)
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Abstract: The relationship between mankind and nature has suffered many mutations through the years, leaving different marks in the landscape with different effects. Among these marks, one can emphasize the desertification process which is caused by predatory anthropic actions and the exploitation of natural resources in very fragile environments, generating desert-like areas which affect, as a result, the life quality of thousands of people in the entire world. In the State of Paraíba, firewood is nearly disappearing and is becoming rare for it has been used in an unplanned and random way by many industries. The intense use of firewood in the State of Paraíba justifies and motivates CEPIS – Centro de Produção Industrial Sustentável (Centre of Sustainable Industrial Production) which is an action of SEBRAE-PB and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland (SECO), and is technically supported by the University of Applied Sciences of Northwestern Switzerland (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz). CEPIS aims at taking C+P actions in the bakery sector in order to reduce the environmental impacts through the rationale use of energetic resources and through the optimization of the productive process. The main goal of the project is to identify opportunities to improve the productive process of bakeries, applying the Cleaner Production Methodology. To achieve this goal, data is collected (Quickscan), the results are analyzed (EcoInspector), there is a discussion and identification of potential opportunities for improvements, and suggestions of Cleaner Production are raised. After analyzing the obtained results, it is observed that the identified options may be considered the first step to finding feasible Cleaner Production solutions, However, it is important to emphasize that some options such as good housekeeping practices may be identified and implemented straight away to bring economic and environmental benefits to the company in a short time. Keywords: Bakeries, cleaner production, wood and energetic efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production Opportunities in a Dairy Farm and Cheese Factory J. Esquer, C. D. Cordero, L. E. Velazquez, N. E. Munguía (UNISON-Mexico)
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Abstract: According to the National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development (INAFED by Spanish acronym), Sonora´s livestock activity possess the national prestige of being one of the main livestock producers in Mexico because of its magnificent quality and its ability to cover the demand of products as well as its important contribution to the national exports. Internationally, this state has been recognized by the United States of America for being a disease free zone referred to livestock production. One of the derivates obtained from the cattle is cheese; all around the state is possible to find different places where this food is produced, from small producers who make the cheese in a home-made manner with gas or even wood stoves in some small communities, to big industries who count with sophisticated equipment and a big investment capacity to commercialize and also export this product. As the cattle raising and cheese production are common activities within the region, analyzing this industries from the cleaner production perspective takes a higher relevance. The aim of this paper is to show relevant results from a study conducted on a cheese production facility in a small city at the northwestern side of the state. The most important opportunities found were those for reducing the energy demand for thermal processes and improving the manure management system, among others; such things will not only achieve an improvement on the company´s environmental performance, but also it will provide a considerable economical benefit which is expected to work as a motivation for further and deeper research and analysis. Keywords: Dairy farming, cheese, cleaner production |
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Cleaner Production Opportunities in Furniture Manufacturing Process Custom-Made: a Case Study of a Wardrobe LINS, P. S.; DÓRIA, M.V.C.; RAPÔSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA); KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
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Abstract: This article aims to present cleaner production opportunities in furniture manufacturing process custom-made from a case study of a wardrobe.The method applied in this mapping was the UNIDO / UNEP for the implementation of Cleaner Production Programs from simplified model of the Clean Technology Network of Bahia report (Teclim), Polytechnic School of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA).The results indicate significant production losses, that generated suggestions for improvement in the areas of planning, metal cutting, physical layout, safety, inventory of raw materials.Also identifies strategies to increase the eco-efficiency of processes and products in several orders of magnitude (factor 10).One is the creation and implementation of software to optimize the process of project design and budget. Keywords: cleaner production, furniture production, custom-made furniture, opportunities [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production Philosophy Applied to Metal Covers Packaging Industry of Seafood S. M. Kakuda A. L. Berreta-Hurtado, C. A. K. Gouvêa (SOCIESC)
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Abstract: A packaging manufacturer company produces metal covers as part of the package to stow fish. In this process the metal sheets are submitted to a stage where they are cut and it is necessary after-varnishing to avoid any oxidation and a consequent reduction of the package life cycle and food contamination. The pre-existing varnishing process consisted of mixing varnish and hardener by gravity, but it did not allow a total control over the two components. Besides, it was necessary to maintain mechanical agitators working constantly even during weekends and holydays in order to prevent curing inside pipes. As a consequence, the process resulted in residue incrustation in the equipment and pipes, as well as solvent waste and uncontrolled residues destination. Cleaner production philosophy was implemented through installing an air compressed equipment to mix the two-component varnish and control their quantities, what led to a considerable varnish economy even with metal covers production growth. This allowed cleaning pipes and shutting off the equipment after use with no risks of obstruction. Waste control and solvent recycling were implemented and resulted in material economy and product quality. Keywords: Cleaner production, waste reduction, environmental impact |
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Cleaner Production Practices in Military Organization Service Provider Industry (MOSP-I): a study in the Naval Base of Val-de-Cães, Brazil R. A. Maranhão (USP)
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Abstract: The increase and diversification of activities within the Military Organizations Service Providers Industrial (MOSP-I) have provided increased waste generation and consumption rates of energy and water, making it necessary to support the planning for the integrated management of environment in order to maintain the environmental quality, from stock control and waste treatment, energy efficiency and waste-water. The methodology known as Cleaner Production (CP), based on practical principles that include integrated actions between aspects of environmental quality, occupational health and safety, promoting development and transfer of clean technologies. The results show decline and improvement in various sectors through programs of the organization itself to reuse waste projects and solutions to improve the functioning of elements of different subsystems and prevent waste. Other products expected to include a program that will include workshops on environmental education, improvements in handling, packaging and disposal of waste generated, as a condition for improving the quality of the environment at the Naval Base of Val-de-Cães. Keywords: Cleaner Production, environmental management, military organization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production Practices Towards Circular Economy Implementation at the Micro-Level: An Empirical Investigation of a Home Appliance Manufacturer SOUZA-ZOMER, T. T. (UFSC); MAGALHÃES, L.; ZANCUL, E. (USP); CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC); CAUCHICK-MIGUEL, P. A. (UFSC/USP)
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Abstract: The concept of circularity has been widely discussed in the literature, but the implementation of the circular economy (CE) concept at the micro-level remains unexplored. Manufacturing companies should develop new business strategies and implement new practices in the transition process towards a circular economy model at the bottom-up. Cleaner production (CP) principles and practices have been discussed as essential for CE adoption at the micro-level, but specific studies should be conducted regarding the adoption and effects of cleaner production in promoting CE. Thus, this paper aims to explore the cleaner production principles and practices adopted by a manufacturing company located in an emerging economy in order to understand how those were valuable to foster CE implementation. A case-based research was adopted in this investigation. The CP practices introduced by the company were analyzed, their connections with the requirements to be measured when transitioning to a CE paradigm, and with CE areas at the micro-level. An inductive approach was adopted to develop some propositions regarding CP and CE interactions. The main findings revealed that CP practices for product optimization are valuable to CE implementation regarding circular product design strategies. The CP principle of input substitution is valuable to reduce input and use of natural resources as well as to increase the share of renewable and recyclable resources. Technological optimization can contribute to reducing emissions level. In addition, it could be noticed that CP practices at the production area enable CE practices implementation at the micro-level and a connection with other CE areas (i.e. waste management, consumption, and support). Moreover, the findings confirmed that all CP practices and principles implemented by the company were enablers to the CE issues implementation regarding the new business strategy. Further studies may focus on testing the propositions developed in this study in other manufacturing contexts as well as on the investigation of possible cause-effect relationship that may exist between CP and CE practices adoption. Keywords: circular economy, product-service systems, cleaner production, home appliance manufacturer |
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Cleaner Production Program in the cut sector of a textile industry F. F. Rubino; J. C. Campos; L. Yokoyama (UFRJ); D. S. A. Batista (FIRJAN)
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Abstract: One of the largest challenges of the organizations is to keep the competitiveness in the global market in a sustainable way and to assist the need to minimize the environmental impacts. In this way, this paper has as objectives the application of the Cleaner Production in the section of cut of a big textile industry, aiming to modify old habits of the company. Through the minimization of the generation of residues and better use the raw material, there are obtained environmental and financial benefits. So, the enterprise will be fortified. Cleaner Production in the cut sector of the textile industry reached the economic benefit about R$ 550 thousand; improvements in the system of information; beyond the awareness on the part of the company of the importance of the employees training. Keywords: Cleaner production, sustainable development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production, Process Innovation and Environmental Benefits: A case from the Metal-Mechanic Industry in Serra Gaúcha, Brazil E. A. Severo (UCS), J. C. F. Guimarães (FTSG), M. R. da Cruz, E. Dorion (UCS)
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Abstract: The Cleaner Production methodology (CP) provides organizations with viable alternatives to minimize and prevent solid waste production, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions, efficient use of raw materials, especially water and energy, reducing environmental risks to human beings and bringing economic benefits to companies. Process innovation occurs through the adoption of new forms and methods of production. These methods allow improvements in productivity, reduce costs and waste; increasing the productive life of equipment and processes, among others. The aim of this study is to analyze the environmental and economic benefits for a company, through the use of the CP methodology and the process of innovation that were implemented in a companu of the metal-mechanic Pole of the region of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil. The research method is exploratory and applied to a case study. The company is active on the Brazilian market since 1954, producing a number of products for the construction, furniture, automotive and housewares industries. The CP methodology of CP was implemented in 2007 and the teams are currently undertaking improvement, articulating the innovations in the search of waste reduction from the source, the incorporation of new technologies; bringing benefits to the work environment. The implementation of these process innovations has generated a 65% reduction of the production of oil and water wastes. These innovations resulted in a 67.9% savings on treatment and final disposal of these wastes. Through the CP methodology, the innovations developed caused economic and environmental benefits, which contribute to the sustainability of the company. Keywords: Cleaner production, process innovation, metal-mechanic industry, Serra Gaúcha. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production, Social Responsibility and Eco-Innovation as Antecedents of Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Consumption: The Generations's Perception of a Sustainable Future SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (UFPEL); DORION, E. C. H. (UCS); GIRARDI, G. (IMED)
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Abstract: The increase in population, the high consumption of food and products, as well as the generation of domestic and industrial waste has triggered impacts on the environment, which compromises the maintenance of natural resources for a sustainable future. Cleaner production (CP), social responsibility (SR) and eco-innovation (EI) aim at sustainability, where environmental awareness (EA) and sustainable consumption (SC) include the principles and values linked to the environment issues that contribute to a sustainable future. The purpose of this study is to measure the EA antecedent relations, considering the constructs of CP, SR and EI. The study also analyzes the relationship between EA and SC, as well as their moderating effect on the Baby boomers and the X and Y generations on the relationships between the constructs. The research a based on the perception of 1123 participant from different generations from the region of south Brazil and the method includes a quantitative and descriptive research, through modeling of structural equations. The results highlight that there is an important relationship between CP, SR and EI, which positively influence EA and consequently, SC. The study also shows a strong correlation between CP and IE. In this context, both generations present different perceptions about those constructs, however the “Baby boomers” generation presented a greater perception from the CP actions carried out by the companies. Consequently, it is evident for the companies to start disclosing CP as an opportunity window, which stimulates SC and benefit the environment. Such positioning may become fundamental for the maintenance of natural resources and the quality of life for future generations. Keywords: Cleaner production, Social responsibility, Eco-innovation, Sustainable consumption, Generations [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production to Adapt to Climate Change: A Stakeholder Delphi Survey in a Heavily Affected District in Vietnam HENS, L. (Vito - Belgium); NGUYEN, A.T. (Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment - Vietnam); SAGASTUME, A.; CABELLO, J.J. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia); BLOCK, C. (2C Ecosolutions - Belgium); VANDECASTEELE, C. (KU Leuven - Belgium)
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Abstract: As compared to mitigation of climate change, adaptation is often the poor cousin. Nevertheless the combination of the increasing reality of climate change effects and the inertion of the international community to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions makes adaptation (in combination with mitigation) increasingly important. Adaptation measures and actions are indicated in each sector affected by climate change impact. Most obvious they gradually appear managing: - Biodiversity, - Agriculture and forestry, - Green and smart cities, - Water security, - Tourism, - Extreme climate conditions and disasters. The challenges raised in each of these domains differ, which results in a wide variety of actions, replies and responses: from nature-based solutions, over green roofs and bio-economies, to region tailored policies. This contribution analyses the diversified role of cleaner production in a context of adaptation to climate change related hazards in middle-Vietnam. Ky Anh is a district which is heavily and increasingly affected by recurrent storms. The adaptation capacity of the 20 coastal villages of the district is analyzed using a two rounds Delphi approach involving 36 panel members, representing the four major stakeholder groups in the area (authorities, farmers, fishermen, fish traders). They were invited to complete a questionnaire covering pressures, state, and responses of the local climate change associated events. The replies to the adaptation part of the questionnaire revealed that after the main storms the measures by the local authorities, including construction policies, upgrading of dykes and irrigation systems, and the provided postdisaster assistance, were qualified as inadequate. The panelists suggested acting on: - Planting larger areas of mangroves and other coastal protection forest. - More investment in waste management. - More investment in renewable energy (wind, solar, biomass). Acting on “cleaner production” is an effective concept increasing the environmental, economic, social and health sustainability of the most necessary actions in these heavily affected regions. Keywords: Climate change, adaptation, Delphi. |
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Cleaner Production: A Bibliometric Study in Scopus Data Base GIACCHETTI, M. C. M.; AGUIAR, A. O. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: Environmental issues have influenced the industry regarding changes in their production processes to minimize environmental impacts. The growth of this concern has enabled many researchers to develop scientific research on cleaner production practices, making enough frequent theme. In order to understand the scientific literature on this topic, we performed a bibliometric study. The analysis was divided into three periods: until 1999, from 2000 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2014. Information on the articles were obtained from Scopus. It was possible to evaluate the main authors of published works, the main journals, the productions took place a year and the keywords associated. Among the most productive authors, there is a great permeability of the area because only one of the authors figured in the list of the most productive in the three periods. The application of Lotka's law that the distribution of articles by authors adheres to the model, although over time there is a change in the shape of the curve due to changing patterns. Among the journals there was a significant predominance of the Journal of Cleaner Production and a scattering among periodicals related areas, showing the interdisciplinary aspect of the area. The study of keywords indicated a recent increase approach of practical issues and specific environmental issues such as biodiesel and biofuels Keywords: Clean production, bibliometrics, scopus, lotka [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cleaner Production: Application Analysis in Mass Services and Professional Services SANTOS, H. O. (UFPE - Brazil); ALVES, J. L. S. (UFPE/ FESURV - Brazil); MELO, F. J. C.; MEDDEIROS, D. D. (UFPE - Brazil)
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Abstract: Currently, the society and the market have a holistic view of environmental questions and they are concerned not only with economic benefits but also with the consequences they bring to the environment. The growth of the service sector means that the service rendering knows and measures its environmental impacts and minimizes its negative influence. The Cleaner Production Program uses tools that associate economic, social and environmental benefits to an organization's activities. In this sense, this study proposes to analyze the Cleaner Production two companies providing professional and mass services, according to the Schmenner classification. Two stages were used, from the five of the Cleaner Production methodology, pre-evaluation and evaluation, followed by an approach that integrates concepts and principles of Quality Management in the Process proposed by Paladini, Cleaner Production and the methodology PDCA. As a result, it was observed that the organizational culture determines the vision of the purpose for the implantation of the Cleaner Production. However, it is possible to affirm that, with the adoption of Cleaner Production, service providers will know the environmental aspects and impacts of the process and the service, and identify opportunities for cost reduction, resulting in the growth of the organization. Keywords: Cleaner production; services; sustainability. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production: The Case of the Automotive Metal-mechanic Local Productive Arrangement from Serra Gaúcha E. A. Severo; P. M. Olea; G. S. Milan; E. Dorion (UCS)
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Abstract: Industrial production allied to a vertiginous economic improvement, during the last decades, has provoked negative impacts to the planet’s natural resources, what reflects in society’s life quality and environmental health. Currently humanity has faced extremely complex environmental problems, whose solution seems to be in applying a preventive environmental strategy, instead of having corrective actions. Undertaker strategies, up to then summarized to the economic matter, such as competitiveness, efficiency, profitability, etc, start to concern about environmental variables, and it is, then, vital to incorporate them to productive processes. Organizations started to adopt new technological strategies, by means of implanting environmental management systems. Face the environmental matter, these systems are seen as a competitive difference, as well as a factor of organizational improvement, in order to rationalize the consumption of natural resources. The expectation is environmental management strategies, besides decreasing the environmental impacts, may generate more profit, increasing the company’s competitiveness and efficiency. Within this scenery, there are different methodologies in environmental management, as well as practices of Cleaner Production, which consider the opportunity of reducing costs, once a polluting organization is usually an entity that wastes raw material and inputs. The objective of this study was to identify environmental innovations, Cleaner Production methodologies and the results of implementing all of this. Three companies were analyzed in the Automotive Metal-mechanic Local Productive Arrangement from Serra Gaúcha (South of Brazil). It is a multi-case qualitative research. From the results, it is possible to highlight companies implemented technological innovations, once the objective was to improve the productive process. Results from the implementation of Cleaner Production methodologies show the studied companies had improvements in factors related to the productive process, such as increasing the operational efficiency, reducing costs with raw material and energy, and improving the product’s environmental quality. Consequently, all these improvements have generated competitive advantage for the company that is placed in a more and more global scenery. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental management, operational efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production: the report of an experience Presented by: F. C. F. Clementino; F. J. P. Pereira (SEBRAE-RN)
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Abstract: The SEBRAE of RN, in partnership with CNTL/SENAI-RS carried out a course to form consultants in cleaner production for small and micro companies. As a participant, I carried out the practical part of the consultance in cleaner production in the company Tecniplas Nordeste Plásticos Reforçados Ltda., situated in Natal/RN. Therefore, it was used a software involving several determinations, being presented in this narrative some information regarding cleaner production and the reduction of waste as: case study and economics and environmental results. Keywords: Cleaner production, waste reduction, environment [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Technologies and Sustainable Development: contributions of Brazilian Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects A. Costa, J. C. S. Andrade (UFBA)
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Abstract: This paper evaluates the contribution of ten Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects for the generation of cleaner technologies and the promotion of sustainable development in Brazil. The results of this multiple-case study demonstrate the prevalence of projects that: a) use end-of-pipe technologies; b) have a single or double bottom line profile with regard to sustainable development; c) show endogenous technology transfer, with the acquisition/development of most of the know-how and equipment in Brazil. In short, this paper defends Brazilian CDM projects make only a modest contribution to cleaner technology generation and to the promotion of triple bottom line sustainable development. Keywords: Cleaner technologies, sustainable development, the Clean Development Mechanism - CDM [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cleaner Production with Emphasis on Environmental Sustainability and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Southern Brazil SEVERO, E. A.; GUIMARAES, J. C. F.; DORION, E.. NODARI, C. H. (UCS)
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Abstract: As a result of globalization and breakneck industrial development, concerns about pollution and the environment encompass a global level. However, environmental degradation can undermine an entire local ecosystem, and some negative impacts may also be felt in different biomass. Accordingly, organizations can minimize the environmental impact by making use of environmental practices, such as methodologies on Cleaner Production (CP). Cleaner Production refers to actions that allow a company to qualify itself as an efficient user of raw materials and energy during the production process, aiming to increase productivity and consequently, to increase competitiveness and improve organizational performance. The Automotive Metal-Mechanic Cluster (AMMC) of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, is seen as an important industrial Pole in Brazil, due to its high concentration of spare parts, agricultural machinery and transport vehicles production companies.The AMMC is currently the second largest cluster of its kind in Brazil. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between CP, environmental sustainability and organizational performance, in 298 companies of the Serra Gaúcha Cluster. In this regard, a survey was realized and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) was implemented for data analysis. The results show that companies the AMMC in the Serra Gaúcha seek alternative processes to reduce costs and contribute to the company's image for their customers. Moreover, practices related to environmental sustainability, such as CP are often used among Metal-MechanicCompanies. It was also observed that CP practices influences environmental sustainability, as well as organizational performance, showing that the CP methodologies contribute to increase production capacity and flexibility, and improving aspects of health and safety. It is evident the contribution of CP for the performance and competitiveness of organizations. It is worth noting that companies in the Serra Gaucha tend to work committed to environmental sustainability welfare workers, society and the environment, while still moving up by coercive and normative pressures. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, organizational performance, Brazilian metal-mechanic industry.
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CO2 Flow Accounting in a Commercial Bamboo Plantation Aiming the Paper Production L. Ghelmandi Netto; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
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Abstract: Given the significance of climate change for the sustainability of human society, the need for studies that address the storage of CO2 is increasingly important. Thus, this study evaluates the potential for mitigation of global emissions of CO2 in commercial plantations. In this case, the system chosen for study is a commercial plantation of bamboo for the paper production industry, located in northeastern Brazil. Besides the main activity of the plantation, additional scenarios has been adopted, heading a more complete evaluation of CO2 released and stored in the lifetime of the bamboo plantation (25 years). Alternatives for reducing the CO2 released in the use of plantation’s resources were also studied. Keywords: Commercial plantation, bamboo, CO2 emission, CO2 storage, paper production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Coagulation/Flocculation Process with Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam for the Removal of Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Water L. Nishi, G. S. Madrona, A. M. S. Vieira (UEM), F. J. Bassetti (UFTPR), G. F. Silva (UFSE), R. Bergamasco (UEM)
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Abstract: Waterborne diseases occur worldwide, and outbreaks caused by the contamination of community water systems have the potential to cause disease in large numbers of consumers. Among waterborne diseases, gastroenteric ones are the most frequent. Approximately, 19% of outbreaks in the USA are attributed to parasitic protozoans, especially species of Giardia and Cryptosporidium because of their wide distribution in the environment, high incidence and resistance to conventional chlorination treatment. In conventional water treatment, several chemical coagulants are used, most commonly aluminum sulfate, although the production of non-biodegradable sludge and indications of damage to health have led to a search for other coagulants that are less harmful to the environment and to human health. Therefore, several natural coagulants are being studied, such as the seeds of Moringa oleifera. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of moringa seeds as a coagulant for the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts, color and turbidity from raw water. To carry out the coagulation assays, raw water was artificially contaminated with these protozoans. This water was submitted to coagulation/flocculation with different dilutions of a stock solution of 1 % moringa seeds, and the mixtures were tested in a jar test apparatus. The water samples were analyzed before and after the coagulation assays. In order to assess (oo)cysts removal, samples were analyzed by the membrane-filtration technique, with mechanical extraction and elution followed by direct immunofluorescence technique. Water color and turbidity were measured according to the procedure recommended by the Standard Methods. Concentrations above 150 mg/L from the 1% solution of moringa seeds gave the best (oo)cysts removal, about 94% to Giardia cysts and 90% to Cryptosporidium oocysts. Turbidity removal ranged from 0 to 97.4%, color removal varied from 6.7% to 73.5%. Color and turbidity removal were found to be dependent on the initial turbidity of the water sample and the concentration of coagulant. Coagulation with moringa seeds gave satisfactory results in reducing the number of protozoan parasites (oo)cysts. The use of M. oleifera Lam seeds can be considered advantageous and a promising step towards improving the processes of water coagulation/flocculation to remove these protozoans. Keywords: Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Moringa oleifera, coagulation/flocculation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Coals Industrial Beneficiation Processes from Santa Catarina, Brazil: Inorganic Components Geochemical DALMORA, A. C.; LIMA, B. D.. TAFFAREL, S. R.; OLIVEEIRA, M. L. S. (La Salle Universitary Center)
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Abstract: Comparative research of the mineral matter and trace elements in 12 pairs of run-of-mine (ROM) and clean-coal products from beneficiation plants in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, have been developed out using lowtemperature oxygen-plasma ashing, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis techniques with the aim of estimate the effect of coal preparation on the mineralogy and chemical composition of the final coal products. The results showed that substantial reductions in mineral matter and ash levels are associated with beneficiation of coals mined from the different deposits. These reductions are accompanied by changes in the levels of Fe2O3 in the respective coal ashes, due to the reduction in the proportion of pyrite in the mineral matter, and also by a reduction in the level of Na2O, possibly due to ion exchange within the clay minerals. The relative proportions of quartz, clay minerals, and minor phases such as calcite and feldspar (mainly albite) within the mineral matter are not, however, significantly changed by the beneficiation processes. The concentrations of most trace elements in the beneficiation products are similar to the respective concentrations in the relevant ROM materials, or are reduced to an extent similar to that of the total mineral matter level for the respective coal samples. This indicates an association mainly with the clay-rich mineral matter. The concentrations of As and Pb, however, are reduced to a greater extent for most samples by the beneficiation processes, in accordance with a pyrite association. Concentrations of Ge, U and Zr are higher in many of the clean coals than in the respective run-of-mine materials, indicating the possibility of preferential association, at least for some deposits, with the organic-rich fractions of the coals concerned. Comparison of ROM and clean coal products from Santa Catarina preparation plants shows significant reductions in ash, mineral matter and total sulphur percentages associated with beneficiation, and also in the relative proportions of pyrite within the mineral matter. With the exception of pyrite, the mineral matter of the clean coals, as determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction, is similar to that of the respective ROM materials, with abundant quartz, kaolinite, illite and interstratified illite/smectite, and minor proportions of calcite and other accessory phases, and appears to have been little changed by coal preparation. Keywords: Mineral matter, X-ray diffraction, coal preparation, pyrite, trace element
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Colombian Clean Fuel Matrix: Current Scenario and Opportunities for Biofuels Enhancement LUNA-DELRISCO, M. A.; QUINTERO SUAREZ, F.; GONZÁLEZ PALACIO, M.; VILLEGAS MONCADA, S.; ARREDONDO OROZCO, C.A.; CUATINDIOY IMBACHI, J.; GONZÁLEZ PALACIO, L.(Universidad de Medellin - Colombia)
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Abstract: In Colombia, since 2005, diverse technologies for biofuels production have been studied and implemented in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels. The main biofuels produced in the Colombian fuel matrix are bioethanol and biodiesel. Only few cases are reported on industrial biogas production. This study presents the Colombian biofuel potential and the actions expected for its development in the national market. The main findings of this research study are: Colombian biofuels regulatory framework is constantly being updated, strategies for the development of bio-based economies on rural areas in small-scale production facilities is being promoted, and sustainable rural developments practices based on GIS modelling are being considered. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of biofuels on the transportation sector, to assess the opportunities for the Colombian fuel matrix, and to assess the preparedness of the regulation to promote and sustain biofuels on the market. Further research is expected to forecast biomass valorisation scenarios in which studies based on second generation biomass conversion technologies are needed to validate economic feasibility of new projects of industrial facilities. Keywords: Biofuels, energy matrix, diversification strategies, regulatory framework. |
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Colombian Oil Market: Keys to Sustainable Development GRIMALDO-GUERRERO, J. W.; SILVA-ORTEGA, J.(CUC-Colombia); OSORIO-TOVAR, J. (Instituto Universitario Politécnico Santiago Mariño - Venezuela)
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Abstract: This paper analyzes the conceptual and methodological relevance of the ten features of successful proposed for the design of an energy market, which was used to recognize drivers, barriers and / or inhibitors in the Colombian oil market. The design involved the analysis of the costs associated with the projects, a list of the ten features that can support the recognition of ideas for the Colombian context and the proposal of recommendations that are the basis for the generation of sustainable policies. These recommendations are designed with a comprehensive view, which allows strengthening the decision making from the different points of view under which they are put on trial. The results show that the integration of policies for sustainable development must consider public and private actors, to give a greater scope that can strengthen the improvement in decision making and the quality of the processes. Keywords: Energy market; sustainability; energy policy; Oil&Gas; self-sufficiency. |
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Combining Sustainability and Quantitative Models - An Analysis for the Countries of The BRICS - SARTORI, S.; CAMPOS, L. M. S.; SAMOHYL, R. (UFSC)
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Abstract: The interest in the development of indicators to measure sustainability is growing, but there are few studies about the changes of these indicators over time. In this context, this paper presents a temporal analysis of CO2 emissions for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) on period of 1980 to 2010, except for Russia (1992 to 2010). The analysis of CO2 emissions here treated as an indicator of sustainability, presenting in the preliminary current situation and future emissions of these countries on a horizon of 10 years. Although the series analyzed and estimated to be short, it revealed some important information. The estimation by means of ARIMA models and exponential smoothing coefficients showed statistically significant. From a practical point of view, the ARIMA model has better adhesion to the series since it had the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The estimated growth of CO2 emissions confirms the unsustainability of the BRICS future. Finally, the experience of this study suggests the use of predictive models for quantitative analysis of sustainability. Keywords: Sustainability, CO2 emissions, ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Comparative Study Between Conventional and Clean Extraction Techniques and Characterization of the Biocomposites of Brazilian Ginseng Pfaffia glomerata Using FT-RAMAN and FT-NIR BALASTRERI, C.; SAKAI, O. A. (IFPR - Brazil); BARROS, B. C. B.; SEIXAS, F. A. V.; SATO, F.; OGAWA, C. Y. L.; ROCHA, S. A.; MELLO, J. C. P. (UEM - Brazil)
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Abstract:The Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen is a native plant of Latin America. Its therapeutic properties had been discovered by the Japanese pharmaceutical industry, since many researches have been carried out to obtain biocomposites. The main compound of interest is β-ecdysone, a natural steroid present in the plant roots. The therapeutic properties attributed to ginseng are anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, memory enhancer and tonic. In addition to β-ecdysone, terpenes, triterpenes, nortriterpenes and phenols are also found. It´s use has also been explored by the food industry as a surfactant technological agent and emulsion stabilizer. The objective of the present study was to compare conventional and clean biocomposite extraction techniques, as well to characterize the Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata using FT-RAMAN and FT-NIR spectrophotometers. The results showed that roots are an excellent source of carbohydrates when extracted by the clean technology via subcritical water (SWE), with a yield of 13.22% higher than the classical organic solvent methodology via Soxhlet. The use of clean supercritical fluid extraction technologies, specifically SWE, corroborate with the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS), as they are environmentally sound technological innovations. Near-infrared spectrophotometric (NIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (FT-RAMAN) analyzes demonstrated several chemical groups with technological potential, with emphasis on mineral selenium (Se). This mineral imparts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity to the human organism, which have been observed in several peaks of the spectra. When compared the β-ecdysone standard with the extract of the ginseng root in the FTRAMAN spectrum, we observed eight identical peaks, confirming the presence of the compound in the roots of P. glomerata. Keywords: ODS, supercritical fluids, clean technology, spectrophotometry. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Comparative Analysis of Cleaner Production Implementation in South American Countries: Brazil, Chile and Colombia PEREIRA, G. R. (UFSC); SANT’ANNA, F. S. P. (IFSC)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP), proposed by UNEP, concerns an environmental management strategy that seeks to prevent environmental impacts and risks, and increase the efficiency of processes, products and services. This strategy has been adopted by governments and companies worldwide alongside increased environmental degradation and stricter legal requirements. This paper presents an analysis of the implementation of Cleaner Production policy, in the context of public policies, in three countries in South America with a history of environmental sustainability: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. The goal was to clarify which institutional arrangement contributed the most to encourage companies to adopt Cleaner Production strategies. The methodology consisted of a qualitative exploratory research using bibliography and public documents. The results indicate that the three countries have different institutional-political arrangements concerning Cleaner Production, which explains the different reactions from companies and the different levels of success of CP in each country. Governments most active, with strong policies and environmental management frameworks, such as Chile and, in part, Colombia, show the best results. It is observed that when the environmental management is actually government policy, the production sector is motivated to continue to improve its environmental impact over the years. Keywords: Cleaner production, public policy, environmental management framework.
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Comparative Analysis of Houses Construction Using Emergy Accounting C. S. Carvalho (Universidad Alberto Hurtado - Chile), Y. Ogura (UNIP), E. Grinover (Grinover Associados), A. R. P. L. Albuquerque (UNIP)
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Abstract: We present an application of the methodology of environmental accounting in emergy, comparing the environmental impact generated by a house designed in a timber production system of "exploitation", the second wood of the first use and third, masonry type, from the same architectural project. By using the graphical tool - ternary diagram - , rates the emergy flow and environmental indicators in emergy, in the three models studied. The results showed a favorable trend for the home designed in wood production system of "exploitation", all indicators were higher than the other two cases under study, highlighting the environmental sustainability index of 125 times larger than the house of masonry. This system proved to be less constructive aggressive to the environment, which may allow the adoption of this house as a habitation solution of Vilhena in the state of Roraima, the city adopted as a model for this study. Keywords: Environmental sustainability, emergy account, environmental indicators, sustainable constructive system, "exploitation" wood [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Comparative Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Polyester to Epoxy Matrixes Composites Reinforced with Hemp Fibers MANTOVANI, D. P.; ROHEN, L. A.; NEVES, A. C. C.; VIEIRA, J. S.; PONTES, L. A. P.; VIEIRA, C. M. F. (UENF); MARGEM, F. M. (Faculdade Redentor); MONTEIRO, S. N. (Instituto Militar de Engenharia - RJ)
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Abstract: This present work consists in comparing the tensile properties of polyester and epoxy matrix composites reinforced with hemp fibers. According to ASTM D-638-14 the matrix, polyester and epoxy reinforcing specimens reinforced with different volumes of hemp, 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% fibers were made and suitably tested by a universal machine INSTRON model 5582 of the LAMAV / UENF. The epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 30% of fibers presented tensile strength, of 53.08 MPa, while those of polyester matrix, 25.44 MPa. The elastic modulus, epoxy matrix composites, in a volume of 30%, was 1.75 GPa and the polyester matrix 4.05 GPa. The tests showed comparatively that the resistance of the epoxy reinforced with hemp fiber composites is superior to the composites of polyester matrix. However, the stiffness of these polyester / hemp fiber composites is higher than the epoxy / hemp fiber ones. The determination of the mechanical properties of these new composites materials contributed to the search for new sustainable materials, economically viable and technologically advanced. Keywords: tensile properties, composites, polyester, epoxy, hemp fibers |
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Comparative Environmental Assessment for Public Luminaires O. Sanchez Júnior (IPT)
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Abstract: A comparative analysis was performed to compare the design of two distinct products, ie, luminaires manufactured by different processes (manufacturers) to obtain sensitivity and validate the technique of LCA for product redesign. Following recommendations of ISO 14040, was defined the scope of study to ensure that its breadth, depth and degree of detail to attend the established objective. The inputs and outputs relevant to all stages of life were recorded. With the support of software GaBi 4.0, the environmental impacts were obtained from environmental surveys. The functional unit was customized in order to promote a gain in sensitivity when comparing the environmental performance of both products. The products were then compared according to the environmental impacts considered. From the strategies prescribed by the ecodesign approach, we identified the main points to be improved in the redesign of products to mitigate the potential environmental impacts associated with its life cycle and improve on their environmental performance. Thus there was the potential of technology as a development tool for this type of product. Keywords: Acv of lighting products, acv of luminaires, environmental assessment of lighting products, products redesigning by acv, ecodesign of lighting products. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Comparative Study Between the per Capita Generation of Solid Residues of two buildings - Lago and Caraíbas, Goiania, Goias RABELO, B. L. (PUC-GO); ASSUNÇÃO, S. G. S. (PUC-GO/UFG); VENTUROLI, F. (UFG)
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Abstract: The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative research between horizontal and vertical buildings in middle-class condominiums in the city of Goiânia regarding their respective per capita residues by assessing the specific weight of solid residues in the location and indicating the factors of possible influence on their production. Using the collected data, we quantified the per capita generation of these residues in Condominium do Lago (Horizontal) as well as inCaraíbas Building (Vertical). The methodology employed in this study was divided into five stages: bibliographical review; definition of thearea ofresearchwith technical visits;information; collectionin loco, residue quartering. The results led to the conclusion that both buildings generate practically the same amount of residue; it is required to enable alternative destinations for urban solid residues as well as to develop effective and permanent programs for environmental awareness and improvethe management of solid residues in the location. Keywords: Urban solid residues, gravimetric composition, quartering [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Comparative Study of Methods for the Synthesis of Silica Gel from Biomass Residue Ash of Sugarcane HELENO, R. A.; REIS, T. V. S.; FUNGARO D. A. (IPEN/CNEN-SP)
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Abstract: Biomass residue ash of cane sugar (ACS) was used on synthesis of silica xerogel (SG) by three different routes. SG was produced using alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation. The process of synthesis was optimized by applying a wide range of experimental conditions. No SG was obtained using classic hydrothermal treatment for silica extraction. SG was successfully synthesized via fusion with NaOH followed by hydrothermal reaction used to prepare sodium silicate solution. The best condition for silica gel productionwas achievedwith gelation of silica carried out at 80 oC. Our experimental data suggest that the ACS could be converted into a value added product, minimizing the environmental impact of disposal problems. Keywords: Silica xerogel, Biomass residue ash, Sugarcane [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Comparative Study of the Sustainability and the Human Development Index F. J. C. Demetrio; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. de Almeida (UNIP)
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Abstract: This paper presents the environmental and economic study of the city of São Luís was used in the accounts came to calculate the ESI. It develops also study about the HDI and related method is by comparison with other cities. It is the result that the city of São Luís has a medium ESI, equal to 2.9. The ESI is much better than the other cities under study have a high HDI, thus generating a discussion between the development model adopted by the cities. Keywords: Emergy, Human Development Index, urban sustainability, ternary diagram [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Comparative Study with Emphasis on Emergy Environmental Sustainability of food with nutritional similarity R. L. Guarnetti; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
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Abstract: Well known and traditional foods such as potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and beans have important place in the world’s alimentation. Options for not so well known foods in the West, but rather consumed in Asian countries such as bamboo shoots, offer nutritional value comparable to many of these traditional aliments. In this sense, aspects of environmental sustainability of these aliments were evaluated and compared. Among them, bamboo shoots are more sustainable. When the study considers the production efficiency, the potato is the better option. The main nutrients of each aliment according to the emergy per unit invested were also evaluated to find more sustainable options for obtaining a specific nutrient from these aliments. Keywords: Bamboo shoot, ternary diagram, emergy, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Comparing the Environmental Performance of two Cosmetics Soaps using the LCA´s Technique ROMEU, C. C.; SILVA, G. A. (USP)
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Abstract: The society ́s environmental awareness growth resulted in a need to produce consumer goods and services in a more rational and harmonious way with the environment and, within this scenario, new environmental techniques have emerged, and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) achieved prominence, since it can be used by companies as a tool for decision support environment, from environmental relevant indicators and characterized as a competitive opportunity for diverse sectors of economy. In search of an opportunity for differentiation, there are the cosmetic industries that have the need to present news and may, with the application of LCA methodology, develop more sustainable products. The cosmetic products more consumed are the soap, bar and liquid, which may in its manufacturing processes, favoring the use of plant ingredients and use the appeal of being environmentally friendly products, but a more detailed study of all its processes, may include the use of somenon-renewable source materials and the use of soap in the bath, may disqualify itfrom the eco-friendly appeal. Therefore, in this study, sought it the application of LCAtool chain management of two cosmetic soaps, bar and liquid, allowing the identification of critical steps and their assessment of their environmental effects, performingan environmental comparison between the results for the choice of which soap isless harmful to the environment. It was conducted a case study in a cosmetic companymanufacturer of bar soaps and liquid and were evaluated the production processesin the suppliers of raw materials soaps, its use in the bath step process andthe packaging dispose of these soaps. Through this model, it was possible to identifythe most critical stages of manufacturing processes, to observe the impact that thestage of use of cosmetic soap in the shower and compare the differentiation of impact that the type of packaging promotes in a life cycle assessment' study. The RECIPE2008 was used as the LCIA methodology and at the environmental comparison of the two soaps, it was possible to conclude that the liquid soap had less over-allimpact than the bar soap. The impact categories like Climate change and Fossil depletion were the most significant for both soaps and the Transformation of land was significant only for the bar soap. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment, Soap,Cosmetic Industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Comparison of Environmental Assessment Methods in the Analysis of the Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Production Systems MÉNDEZ, C.; RENGIFO, C. F; CORRALES, J. C.; FIGUEROA, A. (University of Cauca - Colombia)
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Abstract: In recent years, various environmental assessment methods have been developed. The aim of this paper is to compare these methods to identify their advantages and disadvantages when used to analyze energy efficiency in agricultural production systems. A systematic review of information helped to identify six environmental assessment methods: ecological footprint, material flow analysis, ecological network analysis, life cycle analysis, exergy and emergy. A multi-criteria comparison was carried out, taking into account the level of formalization, system modeling, spatial scale, inventoried flows, type of indicators, relationship with the concept of efficiency and usability of each of the methods. This work allowed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each environmental assessment method. Proving that the Emergy approach, could provide a relevant framework for the analysis of the multiple energy flows that interact in an agricultural production system, and achieving an integral understanding of energy efficiency in the whole system.
Keywords: Environmental Assessment (EA), Energy Efficiency (E.E.), Agricultural production systems, criteria. |
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Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Two Forms of Ice Cream Palletising LEOPASSI, A. P. F.; MORIS, V. A. S.; SILVA, D. A. L.; NUNES, A. O. (UFSCar)
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Abstract: Currently, among the resulting environmental impacts of everyday contemporary life, those caused by packaging are one of the most serious and worrying, since these materials are necessary for almost all consumer goods purchased daily. In addition, the growth of consumerism leads to an increase in the quantity of waste generated that negatively impacts the environment. Given the high volume of packaging consumed each day, the present work aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts between two different ways of palletizing ice cream pots in a company at São Paulo countryside through the use of Life Cycle Assessment methodology and SimaPro software. It was possible to identify the reduction of the environmental impacts of the current scenario to the scenario with the new palletizing way, mainly due to transportation, which decreased and consequently reduced CO2 emissions considerably, followed by reduction in consumption of cardboard and, lastly, of plastics. Keywords: environmental impacts, packaging, palletizing, cardboard, LCA [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Concepts, Principles and Tools for an Urban-Industrial Environment More Sustainable T. S. Dalbelo, R. A. Freire, E. W. Rutkowski, E. Z. Monteiro (UNICAMP)
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Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to understand how the concepts of Industrial Ecology, the principles of the certification of buildings and the tools of sustainability indicators can relate to achieve a more sustainable industrial architecture that integrates and benefits the urban environment. Such a search is made from a survey of the applications of environmental certification systems in industrial buildings and also the main concepts related to indicators of environmental performance in buildings and Industrial Ecology. We propose a comparative analysis of key concepts and there is a correlation between certification and Industrial Ecology. Keywords: Industrial Ecology, building certification, sustainability indicators and industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Conceptual Framework and Principles for Selection and Definition of Sustainability Indicators: An Study Applied at Ecoinnovation in Smartparks Project (Spain and Brazil) HANAI, F. Y. (UFSCar); FELICIO, M. C. (USP); SILVA, S. P.; GABARRELL, X. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain); OMETTO, A. R.(USP); RIERADEVALL i PONS, J. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain); ESPOSTO, K.; AMARAL, D. C. (USP)
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Abstract: This study is inserted in jointly developed project (Eco-innovation in Smartparks) with researchers from Spanish and Brazilian universities (Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Carlos e Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), aiming to define and to propose specific tools and indicators to contribute for addressing sustainability from the perspective of Ecoinnovation in Smartparks.The concept of Eco-innovation in Smart parks is a proposal that seeks to develop and to apply (in an innovative, integrated and significant way, with an improvement of production processes) new sustainable approaches of conceiving planning and territorial management, integrating symbiosis on industrial, urban and agricultural fields. The concept of Eco-innovation in Smart parks includes new ideas, actions and operations in order to reach: the optimization of the efficiency of processes; the reducing of consumption and use of natural resources; the reuse of supplies and materials; and the reduction and/or proper disposal of wastes. Smart parks require indicators that are appropriate for addressing sustainability from the perspective of Ecoinnovation and, today it was observed the insufficiency or even the absence of indicators in comprehensive scales that consider the planning and management of Smartparks, and incorporate the various relations of symbiosis and practical approaches and applied sustainability. Thus, the research has studied approaches and principles for Smart parks conception, as well models, criteria and frameworks of sustainable indicators, in order to define and to stablish a Indicators framework for Smartparks application. The framework is composed by three categories representing stages of a Smart Park development (Planning, Monitoring and Management): “Infrastructure and services”; “Activities and Operation”; and “Interactions and symbiosis between institutions and Smartpark”. Twenty one aspects of these categories detail and help to guide the development of a set of indicators for Eco-innovation in Smartparks. It is expected that these results support the improvement and implementation of specific indicator systems for parks with industrial, agricultural and urban symbiosis, providing scientific basis for future researches on Eco-innovation and SmartParks. Keywords: Indicators, Smartparks, Ecoindustrial Parks, Eco-innovation, Symbiosis
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Confection and Evaluation of Properties of Polyurethane Plaques with Waste Recovery from Surfboard Fabrication BARCELOS, R. L. (UNIVALI); CUBAS, A. V.; AGUIAR, A. R. (UNISUL); SILVA, L. (UNESC); LERIPIO, A. A. (UNIVALI); MAGNAGO, R. F.(UNISUL)
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Abstract: This study allowed information to be obtained regarding the most important aspects which affect the production process of polyurethane (PU) surfboards in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. It was observed that the main residue from the production process is PU solid waste. The intended reuses of this solid residue it as raw material for the manufacture of new polyurethane sheets for making surfboards. Polyurethane sheets were prepared by incorporating different percentages of the PU waste collected, with two particle sizes (9 mesh and crude), into the matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties the tensile strength of the sheets are influenced by the particle size and the percentage of PU incorporated. The degradation of the material begins at 200 oC and thus this material is stable in environmental temperature for use surfboards. Finally, in addition to the experimental results, it is noted that the production process of surfboards in Santa Catarina has sought ways to reuse their waste, aiming at cleaner production. Keywords: Productive process, Polyurethane, Waste, Recycling [Abstract] Paper in Portuguese] |
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Consumers of Organic Products : Understanding their Behavior FREITAS, T. M.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C. (UFSC)
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Abstract: The market for organic products is growing, it is necessary to deepen the studies on the behavior of the consumers, their real motivations of purchase as well as, the difficulties and limitations in the structures of production, supply and commercialization. The objective of this article was to perform an analysis of the literature on organic products and related topics, to elaborate a previous version of the research questionnaire that will applied, in a future survey, with current and potential consumers of organic products, their consumption motivations. This is a stage of the Work of Completion of Course of the main author of the article, which also intends to use social networks to promote organic products. Finally, we believe that this article contributed to new proposals with the organic food sector and, furthermore, we can do a broader reflection on the need for new consumption patterns. Keywords: Organic products; Consumer behavior; Social networks [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Continuous Improvement of Processes on the Electronic Sector: obtaining Environmental Indicators using Software E. F. de Queiroz (CPMBraxis IT Services-SP); M. L. P. da Silva (USP & FATEC)
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Abstract: The need to ensure the sustainability of human endeavors makes the business management tends to change and, therefore, the concept of Industrial Ecology and the use of control software can be of great value. The objective of this work was the development of a methodology for use of software in implementing the concept of Industrial Ecology in electronics industry companies. The software is used to define appropriate sustainability indicators to the system and indicate potential process improvements for the formation of Industrial Ecosystems. The electronics sector was evaluated and presented various cost reduction opportunities, environmental and social improvement in the supply chain due to the reuse of by-products generated internally or by other companies, suggesting an effort to increase the formation of industrial ecosystems in this sector. As the formation of industrial ecosystems is very dependent on the exchange, the fact of the case studies is relevant show the importance of the distances and thus among the likely significant impacts, carbon emissions must be strongly considered. For the area of raw materials for microelectronics, the possibility of using silicon and sugarcane bagasse chips is hampered by the distances between the products and their carbon emissions resulting from the transport. Other inputs are typically acquired and disposed of in even more open cycles. In microelectronics, water reuse cycles with galvanic exist, but not other products, such as acidic or alkaline aqueous solutions, which could be recycled in steel. In printed circuit, area and surface mount several co-products are already recycled, however, an exchange between producers, not involving recycling, would provide greater economic gain. The recycling of complete equipment runs into several difficulties, including the legal aspects. For the micro and small business, the development of a database enables the deployment of Industrial Ecology without high costs. Keywords: Industrial ecology, electronic sector, software ERP, industrial ecosystem [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Contribution of Packaging to Cleaner Production Goals G. Radonjič (University of Maribor - Slovenia)
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Abstract: Packaging industry is faced with challenges of using different strategies to prevent emissions at the source and to initiate continuous preventive improvements of its production processes. However, numerous other industries and services use packaging products which gives packaging products a specific feature. Thus, firms should be aware of modern trends of packaging products. Dematerialization of packaging is a continuous trend which has important role in source reduction but at the same time has detrimental effects on recyclability. However, the latter is still often believed to be one of the most important environmental criteria for packaging in different cleaner production programmes. Considering such dilemmas, two major questions arise with regards to packaging role within the concept of environmental protection and cleaner production. First, how to quantitatively evaluate its environmental impacts and, secondly, to what extent packaging contributes to the reduction of overall (life-cycle) pollution prevention. Namely, protective role of packaging is too often neglected in discussions on packaging and environmental pollution problems. In a paper different aspects of packaging in line with the environment are discussed which confirm that packaging must be viewed in a wider context as usual because not only technological but also demographic and social changes significantly influence its environmental image. This effects not only the production optimization but also the environmental profile of the whole product supply chain. Keywords: Packaging, environmental impacts, dematerialization, supply chains |
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Contribution to the Electric Matrix of Brazil in 2050 - Decentralized, Cleaner, Efficient and Renewable WITTMANN, D. (USP)
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Abstract: There is an aggravated prospect in the Brazilian electricity production, due to a shortage of affluent energy in the hydric production, requiring a greater thermal use. For the future, the insertion of hydroelectric power plants predominantly without reservoirs will make this need even more evident. Due to the thermal structuring, there will be more emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumption of fossil resources per unit of electricity produced. A model that does not align with the search for sustainable development.The objective of this paper is to present an alternative future scenario, elected 2050, of electricity supply in the country, beaconed on the acceleration in the use of renewable sources, premise postulated in alignment with the pursuit of sustainable development for the country. The "research, analysis and synthesis" is adopted, with a systemic approach, and applying the indicators elected the paramount to reach the goal. Part of author's doctorate thesis is synthesized, this systematized from data and information from different types of documents produced by international and national authors and organizations as well as governmental plans of expansion of electric energy production. From the theoretical and methodological framework adopted, the results obtained have shown that it is possible to establish a long term plan, based on the use of the available resources, with decreased social and environmental pressure, fossil consumption, and emission of GHGs per unity of energy produced. A greater participation of renewable sources is achieved, while the participation of hydric sources, the emissions of GHGs and consumption of oil-fuels are reduced. There is no increase in the production costs. The result is a decentralized, hybrid system with larger expansion of renewable thermal, wind and solar sources, larger participation of independent production – co-generation, auto-generation and distributed generation – and a diminished load on the transmission network, compared to the current scenario. Keywords: Renewable energy, sustainable development, energy planning, energy efficiency, emissions of greenhouse gases [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Contributions of Environmental Accounting in Emergy for Understanding of Soybean Production System on the Perspective of Sustainable Agriculture L. P. Vendrametto; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
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Abstract: Brazil is considered the world’s granary because of its territorial extension and the possibility of transforming into agricultural land. In this context, the most outstanding commodity produced by the country is the soybean crop. About 21 million hectares of soybean are planted and approximately 61 tons are produced (harvest 2008-2009). The introduction of this Asiatic species in Brazil was recent, about 120 years ago, and so was its genetic and transgenic improvement. Due to these processes and advanced technology, improved knowhow of nutritional demands and greater access to information by the farmers, Brazil has stood out in the international scenario as a region with excellent production and productivity indices. Currently, other important issues have appeared that need to be managed such as the principles and methods that guide this type of production, the economic, social and environmental sustainability as well as the costs and environmental impact involved in obtaining these indices. The objective of this article is to discuss some examples of soybean production using the environmental accounting methodology and applying the Emergetic Ternary Diagram. Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, sustainable soybean, emergy eccounting, emergy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Contributions of Knowledge Management Tools Applied To Sustainability Based on a Systematic Review of Literature MUÑOZ, D. L. C.; COELHO, C. C. S. R.; STEIL, A. V. (UFSC)
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Abstract: This research aims to raise the contributions of knowledge management tools for advancing sustainability, from technology studies. We used the systematic review method to collect and analyze technology studies available in the databases ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus, in a ll the years available until May 2010. The results present descriptive analyzes of technological studies regarding the application area, the main aspects of the problem situation and the proposed solutions. Also highlighed they are the main features found in the proposed solutions, such as scope, approach, ability to integrate knowledge, among others. The article discusses the contributions and limitations of the systematic review, the connection between knowledge management and knowledge engineering, and managerial implications. Keywords: Knowledge management, sustainable development, sustainability, knowledge management tools. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cooperative Recycling as a Tool for Social Inclusion and Reduction of Urban Solid Waste HASEGAWA, H. L.; VENANZI, D.; FRANÇA, J. F.. (UNISO); SILVA, O. R. (FMU)
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Abstract: The recycling cooperatives have been considered as a good alternative for removal of solid waste from the cities and also as a way to create a source of income for these workers. The present study demonstrated the difficulties and the contributions that this cooperative promotes to removing the solid wastefrom the city through a case study based on a survey carried outin the Cooperativa Central de Reciclagem da Zona Norte (CRZN) located in Sorocaba-SP. As the survey results showed that the cooperative must operate consistently and be managed properly can result as increasing the efficiency of collecting, segregation and selling the recyclable material can be resulting in higher income for workers. During the 2011 for 2014 period the average income grow to R$ 785,29 to R$ 1.409,49 and in the same period, the amount of waste removed from the city, grew three times at least. This result was possible by applying an organized management and due to use of a quality tool known as the Ishikawa diagram. The adoption of the tool also, contributed to increase the productivity and workers began to participate more actively in the strategic decisions and therefore improved self-esteem and provide good relationship with other workers. Keywords: Recycling, Cooperative, Management [Abstract] [Organizatinal Report in Portuguese]
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Corporate Social Responsibility Integrated Cleaner Production, Industry Case Study of Recife-PE PAZ, Y. M.; CAVALCANTI, N. S.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (Gampe-UFRPE)
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Abstract: Organizations are increasingly aligned with consumer demands. These companies are driving the guiding their processes under the basis of sustainability, advances rampant economy has a strong impact on society and because of this, the population has positioned itself against organizations and local governance in order to have responses that contribute positively to social, environmental and economic. A corporate Social Responsibility refers to a business posture in order to attain sustainability throughout its supply chain, from suppliers, customers, employees how they relate to the environment. This can be aligned to the principles of Cleaner Production (CP) if the organization has integrated some action in the company. For the P + L seeks a complex analysis of the production process in order to increase efficiency. The aim of this paper is to describe actions for Environmental Responsibility and check which of these alignment with the principles of Cleaner Production in the productive sector organizations, using as a case study of a chemical branch Cleaning and Hygiene located in the city of Recife-PE, regarded here as Industry X. Keywords: Environmental Responsibility, Cleaner Production, Industry, Sustainability. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Correlation of management indicators in the sectors of household solid waste collection of the Recife/PE, Brazil SILVA, R. C. P.; BEZERRA, R, P. L. (UFPE - Brazil); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE - Brazil); JUCÁ, J. F. T. (UFPE - Brazil)
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Abstract: Searching for solutions in solid waste management is a continuous challenge for municipal managers. Faced with the growing scenario of generation of these materials, especially in urban areas, the need to elaborate an integrated, participatory, viable and appropriate management model to the reality of the municipality becomes essential. In this sense, the in-depth study of indicators related to the managerial dynamics of solid wastes is the basis for proposing management models that meet the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the region. In this way, the present article studies the correlation of four indicators (population, income, generation and gravimetric composition) in 31 sectors of solid waste collection in the city of Recife, through Principal Component Analysis, in order to identify the indicators defining the realities of the sectors. The results elucidate a strong positive correlation between income and per capita generation of household solid waste (HSW), which is evident in the upper-class areas of the city and in the essentially commercial areas. The identification of indicators of greater influence in the collection sectors will assist the municipal manager in the elaboration of RSD sectorial management models that seek to understand the particular socioeconomic characteristics listed. Keywords: Solid Waste Management. Collection Sectors. Management indicators. Principal Component Analysis. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Covenants and Partnerships with Municipalities Ran by SABESP North Business Unit for Water Resource Management E. G. V. Souza (SABESP)
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Abstract: The Rational Use of Water Programme – translated in portuguese: “PURA” – is a programme developed by SABESP and its objective is reduce water consume population through the world water deficit perception and economize water equipments association. The programme is developed in a public institutions and the financial support is originating from water use charges. This written work objective is illustrate this programme applied in public institutions in the São Paulo north districts, managed by Sabesp - North Business Unit. Keywords: Rational use of water, world water deficit, public institutions [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
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CP as a Competitive Advantage of the Product: The Consumer’s Point of View MORAES, W. L. (UNIBRATEC/IMI); BAUDEL, R. M.; PONTES, V. R. (UNIBRATEC); LIMA, S. C. (IMI)
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Abstract: Producing quality and competitive price does not guarantee the success of the product. The new consumer has specific needs and starts charging industries social and environmental responsibilities. The industries engaged in society in which they operate, begin to worry about processes Cleaner (CP).The CP deployment opportunity of CP deployment, besides cost reduction, can become a competitive advantage of the product. Being a cleaner industry and portray it in the packaging appears as an opportunity to beat the competition and get into the consumers houses. More demanding consumers are aware of the industries pollution and are willing to consume cleaner products. Thus, the CP becomes not only improvements in the production process and becomes a communication tool with the society and the consumer. Keywords: CP, Differential, Product, Consumer [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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CP Promoting System in China Yin Jie, Duan Ning, Yu Xiuling, Bai Yanying (National Cleaner Production Center - China)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production has been introduced into China since 1993. After the development in nearly two decades, a comparatively completed cleaner production promoting system has been established in China. This paper makes a detailed illustration on the regulatory system, administrative system, technical supporting system and educational system for promoting cleaner production in China. Furthermore, the paper proposes some recommendations for the further development of cleaner production in China. Keywords: Cleaner production, China, promoting system, recommendations [Abstract] [Organizational Report] |
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CP: Sustainable Development and Environmental Higher Education P. A. O. George (Independent Researcher)
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Abstract: This work presents briefly the results obtained in the reduction and reuse of waste generated in various processes by applying CP principles. The aim of this work is not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of such principles in the management of industrial processes, but also to show the science required to perform such work, with the aim of highlighting the need to include CP principles in Environmental Higher Education, as the work of university graduates have a major impact on achieving or not sustainable development. Keywords: CP, Environmental Higher Education, sustainable development |
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Cradle to Cradle: An Analysis of Certified Cleaning Products and Clothes Washing ALIGLERI, L. (UEL/USP); ALIGLERI, L. A. (UEL/FACCAR); KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
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Abstract: High economic growth and the growing demand for materials are jeopardizing the balance between the planet and human life. Thus, several innovative management models have been developed to rethink the usual production process and the lifecycle of products. Therefore, this article seeks to know companies, general cleaning products and the process of clothes washing that have the Cradle to Cradle certified program. The research involved desk research with secondary data and analyzed the official website of The Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute, as well as the email addresses of the producing industries. Information was collected on the production process, certification level, products characteristics and the strategic profile of companies. This is an exploratory, descriptive study using a convenience sample including 29 products. The analysis showed that the products are produced by a small number of industries seeking to stand out by environmental positioning from technological innovation. It was possible to notice concerns with the use of green chemistry, the reduction of the anthropogenic load on the aquatic environment and the paradigmatic break with the conventional cleaning products and clothes washing. Keywords: Life cycle, circular economy, sustainable production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Criteria for Performance Evaluation in Municipal Solid Waste Management FERNANDES, M. L.; RODRIGUES, A. P. (UTFPR); SOARES, A. C. (UNISEP); GOUVÊA DA COSTA, S. (UTFPR/PUC-PR); BORTOLUZZI, S. C. (UTFPR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (UTFPR/PUC-PR)
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Abstract: The sustainability issue and sustainable development are terms of relevance in recent years, particularly associated with debates of corporate social and environmental responsibility. In this sense, the instruments of evaluation of environmental performance have the function of reflecting the management strategies integrating with the sustainability actions. Based on this context, the present work has the objective of evaluating the performance of sustainable operations in the management of solid waste in a city in the southwest of Paraná. For this, the particularities of the context are taken into account, identifying the indicators that meet the dimensions of social, economic and environmental concern. For the development of the model an adaptation of the Multicriteria Methodology for Decision Aid – Constructivist - MCDA-C was made, allowing the comparison of the proposed objectives with the indicators obtained from the literature and specialists in the area. From the conception of the model, it was diagnosed that the sustainability that involves the solid waste management operations of the city obtained a score of 30 points, presenting a market-level performance, with a great potential of upgrading to be implemented through improvement actions. Keywords: Performance evaluation, Waste management, Multicriteria decision support, Sustainable operations [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Critical Analysis of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles in Brazil WITTMANN, D.; BERMANN, C. (USP); WITTMANN, T. F. (Professional of the Private Sector)
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Abstract: The transport sector is a drag on worldwide search for sustainability. More than 850 million vehicles annually burn trillions of liters of fuel, across the planet, emitting almost three billion tons of carbon dioxide. One alternative that has established itself around the world is about electric vehicles. 4.5 million of them, 95% hybrids, are already in circulation. Brazil, with its fleet of 35 million vehicles, was licensed by 2012, less than 100 electric vehicles (not 100000, are 100). Why? This study aims to provide a critical analysis for large-scale integration of electric vehicles in Brazil. Specifically are presented and discussed aspects related to charging, autonomous, acquisitive investment, operating cost, impacts on the Brazilian electrical system, on the chain of ethanol and gasoline, reflexes in the country's energy matrix, and other related factors. Data are presented by classical methodology of research, analysis and synthesis, occurring under their treatments multidisciplinary perspective. It developed a quantitative and qualitative scientific vision of the present facts and future projections, presenting them with answers about the ideality. The study concludes (1-6): 1) Electric vehicles represent a clean option from urban centers, consuming less fuel and advantageous for countries with renewable resources for processing in electricity, the case of Brazil, 2) The government has refrained meaning barrier integration, due to the concentration of efforts on ethanol and flex-fuel engines, 3) The main determinant of growth will be represented by public policies that may be adopted; 4) In the current parameters, the integration should occur slowly without introducing large array of problems in the country's electricity generation, 5) In the long term, large-scale integration could provide reduction of final consumption for the energy matrix; 6) The big risk would not integrate: the country would lag behind of the forefront of technology and by consequence lose the participation opportunity of the Brazilian economy in an international market that already grows and tends to loom. Keywords: Energy, electric vehicles, energy planning, renewable resources, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Crude Coconut Oil for Biodiesel Synthesis G. S. Araújo; R. H. R. Carvalho; E. M. B. D. Sousa (UFRN)
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Abstract: Biodisel production has become an attractive process, aimed at stimulating the production of alternative fuels. This study presents the results of biodiesel produced from coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.), using acid catalysis (with H2SO4), followed by basic catalysis (with NaOH). A 1L jacketed pyrex glass reactor with 3 outlets was used. A mechanical agitator, thermocouple and bath for thermostat regulated refrigeration were introduced. The analysis of oil composition was carried out by gas chromatography and esters compounds were identified.The effect of oil/alcohol molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature on conversion was assessed using experimental 23 planning with a central point, in triplicate, for the route analyzed.. The molar ratio variable had the greatest effect according to statistical planning analysis. The maximum conversion reached was 85.3% for a molar ratio of 1:6, temperature of 60ºC and reaction time of 90 minutes. The Coconut oil was characterized by their physical and chemical properties and key constituents in the oil. The lauric acid was its main component and even showed high acidity. The biodiesel produced was characterized by its main physicochemical properties that had very satisfactory results when compared with the standard values from the National Petroleum Agency. Keywords: Biodiesel, catalysis, Cocos nucifera, crude oil, coconut [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cryogenics Containers for Cargo Transport J. L. A. Lima; M. S. Nogueira Neto; J. B. Sacomano; J. P. A. Fusco (UNIP)
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Abstract: This study aims to present cryogenics as an element in transportation systems, utilizing carbon dioxide as refrigerant. This technology is not current, although its effective application in transportation gain force after the Protocol of Kyoto, besides that studies found out new ways to sequest CO2 at lower prices. Another feature to be considered is the difficulty and high costs of the technology, used nowadays, to transport frozen and cooled cargo, generically names reefer. This led the logistic community to search for alternatives that minimized costs and maximized profits. The market for frozen and cooled cargo has been increasing dramatically in emerging countries, such Brazil and China, and those countries don’t own effective methods to evacuate and store the production of perishable goods, creating logistics bottlenecks. Comparatively the proposed technology is more ecologically correct, because uses recycle CO2, which would be emitted to the atmosphere, in addition to that it doesn’t use electrical power in its application. Studies corroborated that this technology is economically feasible, for the fact of being cheaper and is a bactericide agent, joining to the legislation related to food security. Keywords: Transportation, cryogenics, carbonic dioxide [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Cultural Differences in Environmental Behavior and its Antecedents: Comparative Analysis between University Students IZAGUIRRE OLAIZOLA, J.; VICENTE MOLINA, M. A.; TAMAYO ORBEGOZO, U. (Universidad del País Vasco-Spain); CORDEIRO FILHO, J. B.; DA SILVA GOMES, S. M. (UFBA)
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Abstract: The aim of this work is to make a comparison of the ecological behavior of University students from two regions in different contexts: Bahia (Brazil) and the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Spain). In this regard, 347 surveys from the Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) and 456 surveys of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) are analyzed. College students are a study collective especially interesting for their role as future decision-makers. It is intended to emphasize the educational aspect, analyzing the role that environmental knowledge exerts in the development of pro-environmental Keywords: Education, sustainability, pro-environmental behaviour, international comparison [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Cycle Assessment of Jeans Pants Production MORITA, A. M. (UEM); MOORE, C. S.; KULAY, L. A. (USP); RAVAGNANI, M. A. S. S. (UEM)
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Abstract: Brazil is the second major manufacturer and the third greater consumer of fabric for jeans pants production in the world. Considering this situation, in the present work it was studied the environmental impacts of the jeans pants production chain in Brazil. It was considered an analysis since the fiber extraction to the finishing stage of the jeans pants or a cradle to gate analysis. Life Cycle Assessment was used in the evaluation of the environmental performance of the jeans pants production considering practices, proceedings and operating conducts regularly in use in Brazil. The environmental impacts relative to the gas and liquid emissions and solid waste in the environment were considered. ReCiPe Midpoint method was used to the categories climate change, territorial acidification, fresh water eutrophication, territorial eco-toxicity, photochemical ozone formation and water depletion. After this, the impacts related to the resources consumption were computed, using the method Cumulative Energy Demand, to the categories non-renewable fossil, non-renewable nuclear, non-renewable biomass, renewable biomass, renewable wind, renewable solar and renewable water. Results showed that the stages of the cotton cultivation, thread transportation and jeans pants finishing have very important contribution in the environmental impacts categories evaluated. In terms of primary energy the consumption of crude oil and natural gas are the most important contributions. It is suggested for the reduction of these impacts substituting natural cotton by synthetic fibers, changing technology for finished jeans pants washing, using steam generators that burn biomass and, finally, developing studies to identify lower distances between the fiber production and the pants manufacturing to reduce the environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Keywords: LCA, environmental impacts, jeans pants [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Data Envelopment Analysis in the Sustainability Context - a Study of Brazilian Electricity Sector by Using Global Reporting Initiative Indicators SARTORI, S.; ALVARENGA, T. H. P.; GIBIM, C.; CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC)
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Abstract: A set of stakeholders (customers, employees, suppliers, public authorities, investors and others) pursuing different economic, environmental, and social interests determines the performance of an organization. In an effort to understand the corporate sustainability performance, this research focuses an analysis of sustainability indicators published in the reports of Global Reporting Initiative, disclosed by 24 Brazilian electricity sector in 2012. Indicators were identified and analyzed following: (i) a communication of economic, environmental, and social performance; and (ii) efficiency determined through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The results indicate that disclosures are often incomplete, and lack a pattern for similar indicators. Based on DEA, there is no direct relationship between economic value generated and distributed and efficiency, given that there are efficient large-scale hydroelectric plants and medium. In general, partial results are consistent with the conceptual assumptions that informal systems of enterprises promote sustainability, but their formal systems apparently have a very traditional focus on financial performance. Keywords: Global Reporting Initiative, Data Envelopment Analysis, Triple Bottom Line, Brazilian electricity
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Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment A. J. G. Santos (Anhembi Morumbi University), M. B. Nisti (IPEN)
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Abstract: This paper describes a study for cleaner production liquid effluent assessment. The radioisotope Tritium (3H), generated in the routine operation plant was stored in a 300m3 capacity tank. The tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid controlled dispenser. The Tritium, potential pollutant was used as radiotracer for estimate the dilution factor liquid effluent. A planned release for stored effluent tank was carried-out. Simultaneously it was made sampling upstream of the storage tank discharge point, monitoring the tritium concentration in the mix sewerage system point. The initial concentration of the 3H was determined as 56881±3255 Bq L-1. The estimated dilution factor for the aqueous effluent, in the discharge point E1 was of 4.3 and 7.4 respectively relative to two consecutive days of planned release and diluted effluents sampling. The developed methodology was rapid and without additional environmental or monetary costs, being able to use in industry, mining, milling, agriculture and others human production field. As the used radiotracer Tritium is already existent routinely in the effluent, doesn't increment radioisotope concentrations into sewage and environment, the goal of cleaner production practices and procedures. Keywords: Liquid effluent, environmental assessment, radiotracer, tracer, cleaner production |
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Decision Criteria for the Implementation of Cleaner Production GUIMARAES, J. C. F.; SEVERO. E. A. (UCS); ROCHA, J. M. (UNIPAMPA); OLEA, P. M. (UCS)
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Abstract: In the last three decades, but specifically after the conference ECO-92 (Rio-92) emerged a lively discussion around the business world, on alternatives to improve organizational performance with a focus on sustainability, with an explicit objective to minimize the environmental impacts caused by production systems. The use of environmental practices has become a key strategy to achieve these great goals. Among the alternatives are the methodologies of Cleaner Production (CP), which integrates a technology strategy, economic and environmental processes/products in order to increase efficiency in the use of inputs and raw materials, by reducing waste, not generation, minimization or recycling of waste generated, providing economic and environmental benefits for society and organizations. This study aims to analyze the critical success factors of CP, found in five medium and large southern Brazil, as well as identifies organizational performance as a result of CP. The methodology used in this research is qualitative, scoped multiple case study conducted through semi-structured interviews and content analysis. The key contribution of this study is to develop a qualitative analysis of companies of varying sizes, using a model of critical factors, presenting an option to the academic and business analytics implementation of CP. Among the results of this research identified that companies that have deployed CP have different characteristics, with different levels of maturity, however there is an improvement in the performance of the five companies due to CP. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, decision criteria, organizational performance.
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Decrease Environmental Impact in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process Givaildo Alencar Costa (Tecnel Eletrônica)
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Abstract: Due to the huge technological development and globalization phenomenon, Brazilian society has been pushed towards searching for new alternatives, in order to maintain competitiveness on a global market. One possible alternative is the use of standardization, especially ISO 9000, ISO 14000 and IEC standards. However, in the Brazilian market, a large number of manufacturers are far from the international scenario reality and that causes several losses on local and global market share. Nonetheless, this situation can be reverted by the adoption of Quality as a tool, and by providing small changes in the entrepreneurship attitudes. Therefore, that is the most important characteristic of standardization. This report shows preliminary results regarding the benefits acquired with the standardization for process, project, product, service, etc., if the target is not only economical benefits but also environmental protection. The methodology used was the case study. The process evaluated was Printed circuit board, single-face. The improvements achieved with this case study showed: a) significant environmental impact reduction, with less water and energy consumption; b) process efficiency increase; c) less raw material losses; d) less waste formation. Thus, a standardized process is useful for several stakeholders; it is a way to increase security for stockbrokers, clients and society in general. It is clearly a way to increase revenues because it is a way to diminish costs, to improve technological skills and to decrease environmental impact. Keywords: Circuit, PCB, environmental, standards and process [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Denim Weaving Technologies: Environmental and Economic Evaluation SANCHES, A. G. O.; LUCATO, W. C.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. (UNINOVE - Brazil)
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Abstract: The textile sector is relevant in the Brazilian economy due to both job creation and industrial production value. Currently this sector faces the necessity to implement Cleaner Production tools for achieving the sustainable development goals as a consequence of pressures exerted by government and market. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the economic and environmental gains resulting from the utilization of the Design for the Environment considering two main technologies used to manufacture denim fabrics. To achieve this objective, a case study was developed in one of the major Brazilian denim producers where the two waving technologies are used in parallel. As a result of the case study, it was possible to conclude that air jet looms are more efficient than the older rapier looms, not only in terms of economic gains but also in terms of lower impact to the environment. Keywords: Cleaner production; Design for the Environment; textile industry. |
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Design for Environment: Framework with Theoretical and Empirical Practices ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J.; MENDES, J. V. (UFSCar - Brazil)
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Abstract: Design for Environment (DfE) is a product development technique that contemplates principles of environmental management covering the entire product cycle and can be an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact and to minimize the resources used by a product in its life cycle. In the face of growing pressure from society and governments in organizations for the development of products and services that reduce environmental impacts, the dissemination of DfE practices can facilitate the adoption of environmental practices, thus contributing to product life-cycle management. Theoretical studies on DfE did not show the existence of a systematized set of these practices. Thus, to fill this gap, this study aims to gather DfE practices in a framework. For this, the theoretical practices of DfE were mapped in the literature, by systematic review and, through a case study, DfE practices were identified, empirically observed. After the theoretical-empirical identification, they were analyzed, compared and gathered in a framework that presents the practices classified according to the stages of the product development cycle. Keywords: Design for Environment. Theoretical Practices. Empirical practices. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Design of Cleaner Production Frameworks: an Operational Tool for Sustainable Transition KHALILI, N. R. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); ROA-GUTIÉRREZ, F.; CHÁVES-ABARCA, R.; JAUBERT-SOLANO, W.; VALERIO-VINDAS, J. J. (Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Costa Rica)
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Abstract: Growing out of macroeconomic agenda, streamlined resource efficient cleaner production guidelines emphasizes more than ever on the importance of organizational sustainability.The cohesion between resource efficient cleaner production and social and environmental responsibility policies also suggests that if institutionalized, cleaner production guidelines rooted in the concepts and depositions of sustainability couldresult in development of strategic managerial frameworks with micro and macroeconomic benefits. Appropriately, and in support of such principle, this paper suggests development of an interconnected managerial framework that can translate general principles of sustainability into formulation of the resource efficient cleaner production guidelines. The applicability of theproposed approach was tested in a pilot study in Costa Rica. While emphasizing on the importance of the local policies and perceptions of the internal and external stakeholders, results highlighted the need for institutionalization and customization of the frameworks according to organizational type, size, culture, capability, capacity and location. Although universal, the proposed framework could be specifically instrumental to the developing nations aiming at a sustainable transition. Keywords: Sustainable development goals(SD), Sustainable transition, Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Cleaner production (CP), Costa Rica.
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Design Methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Ethanol Fuel by CML 2000 with SimaPRO I. D. Zapparoli (UEL), S. S. da Silva (UEM)
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Abstract: The aim of research is to study through life cycle assessment (LCA) economic and environmental aspects related to the production of fuel ethanol from sugarcane, fuel be auditable environmental improvements during its lifecycle and be forward alternative to fossil fuels is of great strategic importance for Brazil. The methodological framework is based on the recommendations of series ISO 14040 and CML method is used in 2000, life cycle assessment, identifying impacts the following categories: climate change; destruction of the ozone layer; acidification; eutrophication; ecotoxicity of freshwaters and human toxicity. This research identify the environmental impacts at each stage of the lifecycle of ethanol fuel, can contribute to the debate on the new forms of action of the State and of the challenges and market prospects for the sugar-alcohol sector, after the deregulation of agroindustry, seeking a better economic and environmental efficiency. Keywords: Methodology, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), fuel ethanol, CML 2000, agroindustry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Detailed Evaluation of Cleaner Production in a Red Ceramic Industry in the State of Paraíba L. R. Porto; E. P. de Almeida (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland); A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB)
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Abstract: This paper is based in technical, economic and environmental strategies application integrated to process and products on a red ceramic industry with the objective to increase the efficiency in the use of raw materials, water and energy, through reduction, no generation or recycling of wastes and emissions generated, with environmental, economic and occupational health benefits. The Cleaner Production program aims to identify actions of ecoefficiency in the areas, processes and machines of companies, in order to generate economic results, reduce the consumption of resources and prevent environmental impacts generated from inputs of processes. An evaluation methodology was developed by University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland to determine the potentials through the QuickScan Report and the software EcoInspector. Next step was the quantification of inputs, outputs, mass, energy flow, identification of opportunities to improve the performance through research, presentation of the best technical alternatives, economic and environmental feasibility. The stages of the productive process that where detached as eventual potentials of Cleaner Production are: preparation of the raw material, drawing, cuting and burning. 28 option were identified and 01 option was rejected, 21 options of immediate implementation, 06 feasible options, 03 options were implemented by company, being: to cover the clay with canvas, to use cut wire of 0,9 mm and levelling of drying area. One of the options of immediate implementation was to arrange an employee to clean the clay, this option represented reduction in electricity consumption, and an increase in the production. After the approval of the options by the company, it was set an action plan in order to certify the implementation of them. Keywords: Red ceramic, cleaner production, energetic efficiency, ecoeficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Determination of Moisture in Tobacco Leaves through The Microwave Technique GOUVEA, C. A. K.; FOLLETTO, M. A.; HURTADO, A. L. (SOCIESC)
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Abstract: The determination of moisture in various industrial processes is very important to monitoring the quality of raw materials and products. As a result, a technique fast, cheap and reliable for determining moisture is an object of interest to all companies. In the tobacco industry, traditionally, determines humidity by the mass loss, a destructive technique, slow and random sampling. This study aims to validate the technique for determination of moisture in processed tobacco leaves through the use of microwaves. The microwave moisture determination technique is fast, easy, low-cost analysis, earnings stability and able to analyze 100% of the population, so this study is justified by the importance in seeking improvements in the process. Through the variance analysis as statistical tools for analysis of results these two techniques, weight loss and microwave, was compared and verified that there is a low dispersion of the measured values and similarity in the measures. So, in addition to again in time and preservation of samples, there is no waste generation with the microwave technique, when compared to the technique of mass loss, demonstrating environmental gains beyond the technical gains, also showing up as reliable as conventional methodology for moisture content determination. Keywords: Microwave, tobacco moisture, techniques for moisture determination [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Determination of Relevant Environmental Impacts and Benefits Caused by Balbina Hydropower at Amazon D. Wittmann; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
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Abstract: While Brazil exploits less than 30% of its hydrological potential to generate electricity, the hydroelectric generation system operates near the limit of capacity. In parallel, more than 10 projects, totaling approximately 2,500 MW (megawats), are hampered, some of them about from 20 years, without generating electricity, due to environmental issues. There is uncertainty in terms of new investments, and controversy about the losses and environmental benefits, this the central point. This study engages in determining relevant environmental impacts and benefits beyond the generation itself, using the methodology of accounting emergy (Odum, 1996), which based on the ecology, thermodynamics and systems analysis, is able to assemble in a common unit (joules of solar energy), values both physical, as social and economic. For both is studied the hydropower Balbina, in the Amazon, selected, first by being considered the worst Brazilian example in terms of environmental performance, second because the northern region of Brazil is that most shows potential to be exploited. This paper presents that Balbina shows favorable environmental sustainability. There are apparent signs, but left doubts about the beneficial role socio-economic. The most representative environmental damage is represented by the emission of gases causing the greenhouse effect, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane), mainly due to the extensive and shallow flooded area, and their inappropriate preparation for flooding, in combination with the natural and complex climatic condition of the Amazon. Keywords: Production of hydroelectric power, emergy, environmental sustainability, Balbina hydropower, Amazon [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Determination of the Amount of Emitted Carbon Dioxide Due to the Construction and Operation of Refrigerating Cycle with Ammonia Vapor Compression and Evaporation Temperature between -30ºC and 5ºC P. S. G. Carvalho (UNIP), M. M. Pimenta (USP)
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Abstract: The refrigerating cycle for ammonia vapor compression has its use very spread out, because it can generate very low temperatures and operate in some temperatures of evaporation. The present work aims at to quantify the emitted carbon dioxide due to the construction and operation of a refrigerating cycle for ammonia vapor compression that operates using the hydroelectricity. As Costa (1982) the temperature of evaporation must be enters 5 ºC the 15 ºC inferior to the cooled environment. It adopts the case more criticize considering environment cooled in the -20 band ºC the 5 ºC implying temperature of evaporation between -35 ºC and -10 ºC. In the development of this article it will be used the computational program Engineering Equation Solver (E.E.S) and methodology developed for the authors. Keywords: Refrigerating systems, conservation of fish, refrigerating cycle for absorption |
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Determining CO2 emissions and storages in a commercial bamboo plantation L. Ghelmandi Netto; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
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Abstract: This work aims to quantify emissions and storages of CO2 in a commercial bamboo plantation using a CO2 eq. mass balance. The species of bamboo examined in this work is Bambusa vulgaris, the main bamboo species cultivated in northeastern Brazil. Labor inputs were not taken into account as they do not emit CO2. In both sceneries considered in this study to perform the CO2 balance, and the CO2 captured in the bamboo plantation exceeded that emitted. Keywords: CO2, commercial bamboo plantation, CO2 emissions and storages [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Developing a Conceptual Framework for Assessing Printing Companies Operations Sustainability Pratices KAI, D. A. (PUC-PR/SENAI-PR); LIMA, E. P.; GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E.(PUC-PR/UTFPR)
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Abstract: There is a worldwide concern with sustainable development and this has compelled organizations to modify their management systems and operations design in order to fit to this new environment. To have a sustainable business and operations means to be economically viable, to reduce or even not generate waste, to conserve energy and natural resources, to be safe to workers, communities and consumers, to improve quality of life, and to share value. It is noticed that Brazilian printing companies understand these demands and they are promoting changes in their strategy, business models and operations systems. The main goal of this research is to propose a conceptual framework for organizing sustainability practices in printing industry companies’ operations. It is intended to answer the following research question, based on manufacturing operations analysis: Does the printing industry runs its operations in a sustainable way? Observing standards practices for economic, environmental and social sustainable aspects. It was conducted a literature review and also it was recovered secondary data from governmental institutes and agencies as well from printing companies associations. These elements helped in characterizing the context, structures and processes for designing, implementing and managing printing enterprise sustainable operations. The proposed framework intends to contain best practices for developing a sustainable operation and to be used for auditing and normative purposes. This will allow companies to adapt their operations models and systems in order to create a real sustainable enterprise. Keywords: Printing industry, operations management, sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable manufacturing
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Development of a Complement for Animal Feeding from Microalga Chlorella sp Biomass CANTU, L. C.; PRADO, M. R.; BALLAO, M. C. R.(UTFPR); RAMALHO, A. M. (UFPR)
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Abstract: This work had as objective to cultivate the microalga Chlorella sp., and use their freeze-dried biomass to produce a fish feed supplement, comparing the characteristics of microalgal biomass with a commercial fish feed. After the culture, separation and lyophilizing process for preservation of the samples, characterization tests were carried out, such as proteins, lipids, ashes, moisture, carbohydrates and biological assays. The physical-chemical tests were carried out on the micro-algae Chlorella sp., in the diet for pure fish (Bottom Fish), and in mixtures of fish feed with the microalgae Chlorella sp. in different proportions. An increase of the protein content by 0.83% and the lipid content of 239.47% was observed. There was a decrease of 6.97% in the carbohydrate content, as well as in the ash and moisture content, which were 34.65% and 24.26%, respectively, in the substitution of 50% of microalgae in the feed composition. As fish demand a higher protein demand for their development than the other animals, the greater protein growth is measured when a microalga is incorporated. The Chlorella sp. presents as a promising complement for fish feed presenting a crude protein content of 36.9%. Keywords: food technology, bioenergy, centesimal composition, alternative foods [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Development of a Environmental Methodology for Solid Wastes Management in Higher Education Institutions C. R. Vaz; A. B. Fagundes; P. C. Machado; I. L. Oliveira; J. L. Kovaleski (UTFPR)
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Abstract: This work aimed to present a critical analysis about the development of a methodology for solid wastes management in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Researches were undertaken on technical rules and on the specialized literature on Environment over the last ten years. In a comparative study between methodologies ISO 14001 and Cleaner Production (CP), it was verified convergent and complementary points to its implantation in a HEI. It was done a case study at UTFPR-PG, where factors like environmental aspects and impacts, initial environmental diagnostic, purposes and targets and the way the campus fits with CP were surveyed and analyzed. It was possible to conclude that the application of ISO 14001 altogether with CP can effectively contribute for an improvement in the competitivity of HEI´s and magnify the vision about the environmental tools application in this sector. Keywords: Higher education institution, cleaner production, ISO 14001 |
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Development of a Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Industrial Symbiosis Indicators PIERE, B. A.; MANTESE, G. C.; AMARAL, D. C. (USP)
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Abstract: The concept of Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) consists in a business community that aims to improve the economic, social and environmental performance through the cooperation and sharing of services and waste among companies, which characterize the Industrial Symbiosis (SI) process. It is possible to find, performance indicators for the measurement and monitoring of symbiosis, however, there is not a consolidated indicator, which purpose is to guarantee the quality, reliability and objectivity of environmental and social impact assessments. This article has as main objective to adapt the criteria proposed by Mantese et al. (2016) in the development of a questionnaire to be applied with specialists in the evaluation of indicators of industrial symbiosis, using the methodology of Cloquell-Ballester et al. (2006) for the validation of environmental indicators by specialists. It presents the developed study and the online form and the results of its test with an expert of indicators. The result shows that the questionnaire is able to be applied and presents the future stages of this research. Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Validation of Indicators, 3S Methodology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Development of a Tool to Enhance the Monitoring of Licensed Industrial Activities and Promote Continuous Improvement RODRIGUES, V. I. (UFRGS/Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente-RS); TUBINO, R. M.; MALFATTI, C. F. (UFRGS); BERWANGER, J. A. (UFRGS/Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente-RS)
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Abstract: Environmental licensing in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul is an instrument used to command and control, which requires compliance with legal requirements and environmental standards, but does not encourage continuous improvement. This approach is carried out at all stages of the licensing process, and because it is focused on controlling environmental aspects, and not minimizing or reducing them, it encourages the use of end-of-pipe technologies and not the search for cleaner technologies. Instrument of command and control, it is important in the beginning of the implementation of the environmental management, but it can not remain for long, as it does not generate evolution, paralyzes environmental development, and generates a dependence on state oversight to maintain the system. This work aims to propose a methodology for the use of a licensing and monitoring policy for industrial activities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based not only on an instrument of command and control, but also on an economic instrument. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a matrix to determine the environmental performance of companies. As requirements of this matrix will be placed, the mandatory compliance (laws and conditions and restriction of the environmental permition), the environmental management and the ones that indicate continuous improvement. The input data from this matrix will cover the period from 2013 to 2016. The sum of the requirements in this matrix will result in a percentage from 0 to 100%, where the closer to 100%, the better will be the performance. The objectives and goals of each indicator were initially established, assessing compliance with legislation and improving its best outcome. In this first moment the calculation of the index will be evaluating the best performance of the enterprise itself and with the evolution of the tool the objective is to make comparisons with the results of the same branch and finally the best practices performed in the world. The performance evaluation could be used by the Environmental Agency as an indicator for which projects to supervise, but also, by the Secretary of the Environment, as a tool to begin to change the environmental management policies, working with environmental incentives for those companies with the best performance. Initially, the matrix was applied to companies in the metal mechanic sector, from the activity of surface treatment activity with painting and without casting, of the city of Caxias do Sul. This will be the pilot group, but the matrix will be elaborated so that it can be used By all branches of industry activity. The results obtained with the matrix, demonstrate exactly what the theory describes, in an environment where the control imposed to the entrepreneur is by the attendance of a legislative standard and not the demonstration of continuous improvement, there is no evolution of the environmental performance over the 3-year period of the companies. Therefore, the inclusion of a tool to evaluate environmental performance is a necessary instrument for the country's environmental evolution. Keywords: Environmental permtion, Instrument of command and control, environmental performance, continuous improvement [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Development of Actions of Socio Environmental University Responsibility in Semiarid Northeastern G. D. Silva, Y. M. Paz, C. M. C. Rocha, A, L. Jacob , S. G. El-Deir (UFRPE)
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Abstract: Socio Environmental Responsibility University (RSU) is the way universities relate to the environment and stakeholders. This term can be given to actions taken by other social groups, including Corporate Social Responsibility (RSC). The capacity that the university has to put into practice the knowledge, through processes such as management, teaching, research and extension, giving answers to the academic community and the country itself, featuring the RSC. The Environmental Management Group in Pernambuco (Gampe), Department of Rural Technology (DTR), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) developed actions in the community of Poço da Cruz, Municipality of Ibimirim – PE. The RSC activities were structured by the group through three distinct actions, such as Easter, Christmas and Reading Solidary. The projects were based on the methodology of action research, given this community to be under focus in several research projects and extension UFRPE. This initiative represents a mutual gain for the university and society, as humanize the process of teaching and learning, raises the social commitment of the student, creates greater connection with the various segments of society and contextualizes the academic knowledge. The communities of the semiarid region of Pernambuco are characterized as places of lower Human Development Index in Brazil, to the detriment of the lack of basic infrastructure, as a poverty state of the population, privation and total absence of the presence of public power, as concerning the structure of the minimum conditions for a life with human dignity. This way UFRPE and GAMPE Group has been developing projects and actions that can subsidize the empowerment of this community in endogenous processes of local development. In this sense the present paper aims to portray the actions of RSU and discuss the results derived from these activities. Keywords: University extension, semi-arid, rural communities [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Biosorbents from Canola Biomass to Pb2+ Removal GONÇALVES JR., A. C. (UNIOESTE - Brazil); SCHWANTES, D. (UFPR - Brazil); CAMPAGNOLO, M. A.(PUC-PR - Brazil); BRACCINI, A. L.(UEM - Brazil); CONRADI JR., E.; ZIMMERMAN, J.; MANFRIN, J.; DE OLIVEIRA, V. H. D. (UNIOESTE - Brazil)
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Abstract:The quality of water is a subject that has been discussed a lot nowadays, mainly regarding the removal of various contaminants of this environmental compartment. Since the importance of this resource it was included into the global objectives of the UN sustainable development - which aiming to asseguarate the sustainable disponibility and management of the water. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potenctial of Pb2+ removal of waters trhough solid waste (pie) of hybrid Hyola 411 canola by adsorption proccess. In this study four adsorbents were developed, being them: C. in natura, which was the precursor of the modified adsorbents (C. H2O2, C. H2SO4 e C. NaOH). These adsorbents were characterized by MEV, FT-IR, pHPZC, TG/DTG, BET and BJH. It was also realized studies relating the possible interaction between the pH of the Pb2+ solution and adsorbent masses, as well as the kinetic (through linear models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion) and adsorption equilibrium studies (through linear models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich), and some thermodynamic parameters (∆G, ∆H and ∆S). The obtained results for pseudosecond order suggest the chemical adsorption of Pb2+ (Ho & McKay 1999). It was observed a good adjustment for the models of Langmuir and Freundlich suggesting adsorption in mono and in multilayers. The highest values of Qm and Kf were obtained for C. NaOH. Good adjustment was also observed for D-R with C. NaOH exhibiting value of E > 8, suggesting chemisorption of Pb2+. According to the results obtained for thermodynamic studies C. H2O2 was the exception among the modifications, showing positive values of ∆H suggesting an endothermic system. The other adsorbents exhibited ∆H < 0, ie., exothermic systems. The values of ∆G < 0 indicate the ocurrence of spontaneous adsorption of Pb2+. The positive values of ∆S ilustrate the increase of disorder and randomness of the solid/solution interface, suggesting the irreversibility of the reaction. In this way, it is concluded that the modified canola with NaOH presents great potential for use in the removal of Pb2+ with increase of 2,6 times in the adsorption capacity, representing an excellent environmental and economic alternative for the removal of this toxic element from the environment. The use of these renewable adsorbents can contribute significantly in water treatment systems, besides being a new and important destination for canola agroindustry wastes, thus helping in the development of a sustainable society. Keywords: modified adsorbents, toxic metals, contamination, sorption. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Development of Catalytic Materials for Degradation Photoelectrochemical of Pesticides G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM), S. Aquino Neto, A. R. de Andrade, A. L. T. Fornazari, D. W. Miwa, A. J. Motheo (USP)
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Abstract: The application of electrochemical methods is an interesting and clean alternative for the
abatement of toxic organic pollutants. The present communication details the study of the
synthesis of electrode materials of nominal composition Ti/PbXTi1-XO2 (onde X = 0; 0.05;
0.10; 0.20 e 0.30) and their subsequent use as electrodes for degradation of organic
pollutants using both electrochemical and photo-assisted electrochemical techniques.
The results obtained demonstrate that the materials produced are interesting from the point
of view of organic removal. The application of simultaneous UV radiation with electrical
current was capable of removing greater amounts of the organic load (32% in under 1 h)
than the purely electrochemical technique alone.
Keywords: Photo-assisted electrochemical degradation, formaldehyde, pollution control [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Development of Environmentally Friendly Products: Case Study in a Germany Company Producer of Household Appliances J. B. Fonseca, F. C. A. Santos (USP)
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Abstract: This paper presents results of an investigation into the development of environmentally friendly products: case study in a Germany company producer of dishwashers. Concepts of eco-design and life cycle analysis are shown in the literature review. The case study uses these concepts to investigate the dishwashers produced by the German multinational company called Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte. Historical quantitative analysis of water and electrical energy consumption from the first versions of dishwashers until the most modern ones, as well as the systems which were implemented and improved in order to achieve the targets linked to the reduction of water and electrical energy consumption, are presented. Keywords: Product development process, life cycle analysis, case study [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Development of Industry Sugarcane in Mato Grosso do Sul State: Impacts and Benefits of the Production Energy from Cane Sugar Farming REIS, J. G. M. (UFGD); COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP); MACHADO, S. T.; OLIVEIRA, R. V.; SANTOS, R. C.; JORDAN, R. A.; OLIVEIRA, E. R.; DELIBERADOR, L. R. (UFGD)
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Abstract: This study analysis the production of the bioenergy from the benefits and environmental and social impacts of the supply chain of sugar and ethanol. Thus, it was analyzed papers and data about scenario of Mato Grosso do Sul State, considered the fifth largest producer of ethanol from Brazil. Data are showed regarding the production and productive process discussed from the viewpoint of production cleaner. The research results showed that the benefits have been measured and presented as a great alternative to fossil fuel, however has not the systems and data that measure the environmental impact of these plants in Mato Grosso do Sul State, mainly regarding the heating region. Keywords: Sugarcane industry. Bioenergy. Clean Production. Environmental Impacts. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Development of Public Policies that Enhance the Reuse of Materials in the Brazilian Industry MURAKAMI, F. K.; SULZBACH, A.; PEREIRA, G. M.; BORCHARDT, M.; SELLITTO, M. A. (UNISINOS)
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Abstract: This study analyses the definition of public policies designed to encourage the reuse of waste. A multiple case study with nine Brazilian industries was performed. All these companies reuse materials in their production process, or have the potential to do so. The follow ing elements were investigated: types of public policies, market and technology. The question that guided the research was: How to define public policies that lead to sustainability without compromising the public funds? The findings showed that the penalties imposed by the government can induce the reuse of materials. However, the low market value of the waste, the absence of a technology to reuse the material, the reduced availability or the high geographical dispersion of the waste can reduce the efficiency of those penalties. In such cases, the policy makers must analyze the waste market value and the type of technology available. For some materials the combination of these elements is enough to induce the reuse of materials. Public funds or policies are not required in such case. High sums of public resources may be needed to finance the development of new technology. But such public investment is restricted to a short period of time. Other materials only require public funds to support the workers that collect and segregate the materials. The support to these workers may be more effective than the granting of economic benefits to companies that reuse the waste. Such support may save a huge amount of public resources, as well as generate a more decent income for several poor people in Brazil. Keywords: Environmental sustainability, public policies, industrial waste.
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Development of Wood-Thermoplastic Pellets Made of Starch Adhesive to Injection Molding GONDAK, M. O.; ARAÚJO, M. S. (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The techniques of conformation of pellets of thermoplastic-wood composite involve the use of extrusion machines or hot mixers. However, the manufacturers of wood dust can not afford such expensive equipment, so this work shows the possibility of cold conformation of pellets of plastic wood with the help of an adhesive based on starch and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The adhesives were prepared with 10, 15 and 20g of soluble starch for each 100mL suspension. Then, the adhesives were mixtured with 30% of sawdust and micronized LDPE. Laboratories tests were performed evaluating Melt Flow Index and mechanical characterization in the compounds, as well as testing of injection molding, which indicated that the material has great potential to be used, since the resistance increases with the concentration of starch in the adhesive and with the amount of adhesive in the compound. Keywords: wood-plastic, LDPE, composite, starch adhesive, injection molding [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Diagnosis of Civil Construction Waste Generation in the Toledo-PR City - Analysis from 2005 to 2010 MOREJON, C. M. F.; BIANCO, T. S. D; FERRERA, J. L. (UNIOESTE); PLEC, O. (IDR-OESTE)
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Abstract: The current profile of Brazilian economic development, based on various production processes, intense industrial activity and population growth are some of the factors responsible for the rising generation of municipal solid waste. In the present scenario of growth of the Brazilian economy, the construction industry is one of the activities with the greatest growth potential and at the same time constitutes a sector with significant volume of waste generation, with serious implications for the environment. In this context, the study aimed to present the results of diagnostic generation of construction waste (RCC) in the City of Toledo-PR, for the period 2005 to 2010. The methodology included four stages, which are: development of a database with the evolution of films of the buildings in the city of Toledo-PR, during the years 2005 to 2010; estimate the potential of RCC according to the types construction (renovation, expansion and new), diagnosis of the current collection system in the city of Toledo RCC-PR, and finally the processing and systematization of the results by means of thematic maps and charts. As an example for the year 2010, the results showed a generation of 31 178 (t / yr) for RCC from the new buildings, 1815 (t / yr) for reforms and 3217 t / year for expansions. Thus the total RCC generated in the city of Toledo was 36,210 t / year. The topic maps show the total generation of RCC in each district during the years 2005 to 2010 and the central area is the neighborhood with the highest waste generation, followed by buildings located in neighborhoods Workers' Village, Coopagro Garden, Garden and Porto Alegre. Finally, a comparison was made between the total waste generated (36,210 t / in 2010) and total RCC collected (average 76.6% of total). Thus concludes that it is necessary to optimize the management system of RCC, as the research on the characteristics of the throne RCC shows that over 90% of these residues are likely to use, a situation which is not the case in the city of Toledo-PR. Keywords: Civil Construction Waste (RCC), RCC Estimate Generation, Collection of RCCs, Toledo-PR
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Diagnosis of the Cleaner Production in Amazonas State B. G. Pereira (INPA); I. R. Neto (UCB); K. Yuyama (INPA); H. G. Pereira (Kali-Umwelttechnik GmbH Sondershausen - Germany) ; C. L. P. de Matos (SEBRAE-AM)
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Abstract: This study, shows a diagnosis of the application of the Cleaner Production (CP) in Amazonas State. From the analysis of reports from the Nucleus of Clean Production (NPL) and open interviews with managers and consultants of the NPL, was verified that the program generates economic, environment advantages, of health and occupational security. The results demonstrate that, in Amazonas, the culture of Clean Production is spread out by SEBRAE/AM for the NPL, since 2003. Up to 2006, 25 companies had implemented the CP program, and these majority is classified as micron and small companies. Twenty four of these companies are located in Manaus and take care of the local market. Almost all of these companies belongs to the commerce segment, the sales representation and also in the segment of the transformation industry. 75% of the companies who had applied the Cleaner Production (CP) are part of the Productive Group of Oil and Gas in Amazonas. About the implemented techniques of CP, 72% represent the adoption of good practices, including operational and management action, with improvements in the administrative system, storage, election and preservation of the solid residues and elimination of obsolete materials that can be recyclable. These practices have reduced residues and often have being implemented with low cost and Sebrae-AM subsidiary at Technological Consulting Program. In this case, was considered environmental regulation (fines, penalties, etc.), searching the conformity of these companies, to prevent serious cuts in the profitability caused by harmful actions to the environment. The work conditions improvements, like small reforms, implementation of security systems and selective collection and equipment purchase are some examples of these applied technological measures (22%). Another example observed was the care with health and occupational security. It was observed that one of the biggest challenges of the involved companies is the continuous improvement of the processes from the program of CP, since is a program that does not certifies yet. The CP concepts and potentials are obscure for the most part of the society and government; in this case it is being necessary to build a new politics for spreading and use of CP, as well as application in micron and small companies. This will generate for the companies one better strategical vision regarding environment questions and consumer requirements. Keywords: Environment management, residues reduction, good practices, Amazonas [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Diagnosis of the Forest Fragmentation on Watershed Córrego Poço Grande, Ouro Verde do Oeste City, Paraná D. Mondardo; A. Uhlein; D. D. Castagnara; F. G. Klein; A. Feiden; C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: The forest fragmentation resulting from the antropic action threatens the biodiversity of ecosystems, be for the extinction or record reduction in the present genetic diversity in the fragments. The great devastation in search of new arable areas and of more space for growth of the cities has result in a mosaic of forest fragments an every chance minor and more isolated, still hindering more the conservation of the genetic and biological diversity of the natural ecosystems. The environmental adaptation of the rural properties proposed by the Project Management by Basins, integral of the Program Cultivating Good Water, idealized by Itaipu Binacional together with several partners, it seeks, besides other, the reduction in the impacts caused by the forest fragmentation, through the restoration of the areas of permanent preservation and of missing reservation legal. The present work evaluated the existent forest fragmentation in the Córrego Poço Grande watershed, municipal district of Ouro Verde do Oeste, Paraná. The microbacia was object of work of the Project Management for Basins, where the rising was accomplished to field of the cadastral data, the use of the soil, environmental liabilities and georeferencing of the rural properties. The data were processed for elaboration of the cartographic maps of the properties, map of environmental diagnosis and project of environmental control, and the mosaic of use of the current soil and proposed after environmental adaptation of the watershed. Through the formed mosaics the number and the size of the existent forest fragments were quantified in the watershed, the same ones were characterized as of area of permanent preservation or of legal reservation, and classified in agreement with the busy area. 65 forest fragments were observed in the watershed, and legal reservation's areas came more fragmented, totaling 60 fragments. Most of the fragments was considered small and very small, could be the bottle mouth for the preservation and survival of the fauna and flora native of the area. The presence can be observed of only three fragments considered exceptional, whose areas would supply conditions for the development of a lot of species, tends conditions of maintaining the natural biodiversity of the area. Keywords: Area of constant preservation, forest fragmentation, legal reserve [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Diagnosis of Waste from a Red Ceramics Towards to Cleaner Production SILVA, R. G. (IFRS); SILVA, V. P. (IFRN)
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Abstract: There are not many diagnoses and studies, produced on the waste situation and residue generation in the field of the production process of the red or structural ceramics industry. Also, there are not many qualitative and quantitatively information about the waste and residues that have been generated. Therefore, this study seeks to preliminarily diagnose the waste situation at the company Villar Produtos Cerâmicos de Tangará-RN, with a view to proposing cleaner production (CP). The research method consisted on bibliographical and documentary research, as well as a case study of the cited company, including technical visits, observations and analysis of inputs and outputs of the production processes, following the CP methodology of the Brazilian National Center of Clean Technologies . The results showed that the largest input waste was concentrated in the extrusion, cutting, drying and burning processes. The first three added up to a water waste of 39.88%. The last two together wasted 76.23% of electricity. And, only, the burning was responsible for 30.15% of the clay waste. It is concluded that it's imperative for the red ceramic industry to take advantage of CP techniques to reduce production waste. Keywords: cleaner production, sustainability, red ceramics, diagnosis, waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Diagnostic of Cleaner Production in the Industrial Sector DE LA CRUZ, G.M.; CONTRERAS, R. B.; ALONSO, M. (University Rafael Landívar, Guatemala)
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Abstract: This report sets out the findings, recommendations and benefits expected for the industry, through developed CP studies, at eleven companies from different industrial sectors, made by Engineering Students from Rafael Landívar University, to strengthen their knowledge and skills in CP applied to their discipline and increase the adoption of best practices in cleaner production and sustainable development, participating at small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMES). The activity is part of theprogram Academic Social Responsibility (RSA), and the research areasof the Faculty: productivity, energy, environment and food security. This should apply the students’ knowledge acquired during their career, evaluating and proposing improvements with solutions focused on cleaner production and sustainable development in different companies, as well as recommendations to be followed in the future for its implementation and/or continuity. The authors acknowledge the support of the "Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas" project in development of CPactivities at University. This initiative is funded by the U.S. Department of State, under the "Pathways to Prosperity in the Americas" initiative, through Higher Education for Development (HED). The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the article. The development of this activity was supported by the technical cooperation agreement signed between the University (URL) and the Guatemalan Cleaner Production Center (CGPML), with the aim of promoting and facilitating the implementation of better practices for cleaner production and sustainable development. The students participated in CP training activities and sustainable development. Diagnosis gavethe participants opportunities for production improvement, achieving integration between the industry and Academia. Keywords: Academic social responsibility, cleaner production, sustainable, small and medium enterprises development, production practices and environmental performance
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Diagnostic of the Domestic Effluents Management from Paraná State Rural Area SILVA, D. F.; ISRAEL, L. H.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
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Abstract: Environmental awareness in rural areas advances in relation to the preservation of water quality and their reservoirs, but the management of domestic effluents considers treatment and the appropriate final disposal moves at a slow rate across the country. In this way, the study aims to diagnose the conditions of the rural sanitation in Paraná State and the rural areas of Brazil. The data contained in IBGE, IPARDES, Water Institute of Paraná and OMS database was collected. The results showed that: a) in the Paraná State 1.531.834 inhabitants live in rural areas (in approximately 204.000 residences); b) the average of daily water consumption (for domestic use) is 326.000 m³; c) the domestic effluents generation potential is 261 mil m³ day-1; and d) the Rio Iguaçu watershed stands out among the others in all analyzed aspects, because it has the highest population density in rural areas, with approximately 690.000 inhabitants and the consequence of this is the higher water consumption (103 thousand m³ day-1) and the higher generator of domestic effluent (82.710 m³ day-1). Nationally it was found that 16% of the Brazilian population live in rural areas and that 75% of the rural residences use inadequate domestic effluents treatment and disposal methods. In Paraná State, only 19.35% of rural residences have a sewage collection system or septic tanks. On the other hand, the study indicated as one of the critical factors the lack of methods, processes and conventional technologies specific for domestic effluents treatment in rural areas. Keywords: Domestic effluents, rural sanitation, Paraná State rural areas. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Different Paths for Sustainability through PSS PEREIRA, V. R. (Mackenzie); KREYE, M. (Technical University of Denmark); CARVALHO, M. M. (USP) |
Abstract: Pressures from globalization lead manufacturing companies particularly in the healthcare sector to increasingly incorporate services into their offerings. They shift their core business processes to become solution providers such as Product-Service Systems (PSS) and create value for their customer base. This shift has also been termed servitization. The focus is often on business-to-business (B2B), where the PSS provider maintains and ensures operability of the equipment for a customer organization. Business models for PSS usually grow around the physical asset, which can be owned by the PSS provider who offers the asset’s use or owned by the customer who requests additional support for the asset. Value is added through ensuring the product performance and availability. Product-service Systems (PSS) increasingly characterize sectors with public-private partnerships such as healthcare. The adoption of such PSS can vary depending on the contingency of the business environment favoring different levels of servitization adaptations. This paper investigates how the pressures from the business environments constitute drivers for PSS development. The paper presents evidence from two case studies set in the healthcare industry in Brazil and Denmark. The presented data includes semi-structured interviews with managers and engineers involved in the PSS as well as secondary data. This paper shows that the business environments in the healthcare industry are characterized by increasing level of regulation and differ in their level of investments that determine whether the PSS development is customer pulled or provider pushed. The customer-pull in Brazil led to a quick adoption of result-oriented PSS while the provider-push in Denmark was characterized by a slower adoption of product-focused PSS. Both cases showed different levels of economic, social, environmental and operational issues. This paper contributes to current literature by understanding the different paths of PSS development is enhanced by explaining the drivers for providers and customers to engage in a servitization strategy and develop the required capabilities to be successful in this business opportunity. The most important drivers identified financial, operational and environmental. Keywords: Product-service system; case study; environment; healthcare |
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Different Perceptions of Corporate Citizenship in a Company in the Brazilian Power Sector PACHECO, L. M. (FGV); KRUGER, C.; LOURENÇÃO, M. T. A.; ALVES, M. F. R.; CALDANA, A. C. F. (USP)
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Abstract: Currently, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) gave basis to the SDG Compass which invites all companies to integrate SDGs into organizational practices and evaluate the company's position on the issue. Corporate citizenship gained space in the discussion of the responsibilities of the firms regarding sustainability. Several models were developed for the later, being corporate citizenship one of those. Some authors advocate that this is not a stagnant concept inside a company, which must flow through stages for achieving maturity on the subject. Based on a validated assessment tool, a Brazilian company was surveyed and the perception of 131 employees on eight dimensions of corporate citizenship was measured. Considering the internal stakeholders perception of the concept a prerogative for a company’s citizenship performance, it is relevant to understand the general organizational climate to improve the internal marketing strategies for sustainability. Through a cluster analysis, it was possible to identify two distinct groups among the employees: ones that classifies the company in an early stage of corporate citizenship maturity and other that consider the company in a high level of maturity and understanding of this concept. Therefore, the integration of the concept among the different organizational areas, an important step when developing a sustainability strategy, needs to be reinforced through internal communication and alignment to engage employees in the corporate citizenship actions of the company. Keywords: corporate sustainability; sustainable development goals; integration; internal marketing |
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Difficulties and Barriers Observed in Cleaner Production Implementation: Literature Review MATOS, L. M.; ANHOLON, R.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF)
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Abstract: This article has been written with the goal of contributing to the body of knowledge of Industrial Sustainability and, more specifically, initiatives utilizing the Cleaner Production methodology. As it is increasingly known in the academic and business community, industrial sustainability has nowadays become a matter of upmost importance. Therefore, the impetus to provide solutions and increase the knowledge basis of the different methodologies that aim to add up to this broader goal is highly relevant nowadays. The Cleaner Production approach is a preventive environmental eco-efficiency strategy that has been showing positive results since its debut in 1989. Since then, its goals have been broadened from the strictly operational dimension it had in its origins to a larger scope that seeks to embrace the goals of sustainability and, considering the triple bottom line strategy – economic, social and environmental goals – contribute to a more sustainable society. However, despite its dissemination, Cleaner Production methodology is not a unanimous consideration when companies’ strategies are formulated and there are factors that hinder its adoption. Aiming to address this issue, this article utilized the method of bibliographic survey to seek, in the recent literature, which ones were the main barriers and difficulties found at different levels in promoting and implementing Cleaner Production. A total of 111 articles about the theme and from well-known scientific publishers have been thoroughly reviewed and sorted by its relevance to the authors goal. After the broader review, 38 articles were chosen to comprise a table presenting the main categories of specific barriers and difficulties mentioned and how many and which authors brought up each category. The results and categories have then been discussed and a conclusion drawn. Observing the results, it is possible to state that there is still a significant number of factors hindering the adoption of Cleaner Production. Those refer to a myriad of internal and external factors such as the participation of social actors that include governments, labor force, financial institutions and also internal organizational and also businesses operational questions in knowledge management, funding, follow-up issues and lack of properly qualified labor force, among others. Keywords: Cleaner Production, barriers and difficulties, literature review, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Disrupting the Business of Producing Automobiles: Technologies for Cleaner Production C. Zapata (ESRC BRASS Centre - Cardiff University & University of California - UK); P. Nieuwenhuis (ESRC BRASS Centre - Cardiff University - UK)
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Abstract: The concept of innovation has been used in a wide range of contexts and the theoretical development has proven to be extremely valuable to provide important insights into intra-market competition and strategy. The automotive industry offers a fertile terrain for the progress of the uncompleted theory building process of innovation, especially with the introduction of alternative fuels and alternative powertrain technologies. The application of these concepts is fundamental for the sustainability of the entire industry. This paper will look at the concept of innovation in the context of the modern automotive industry focusing on the notion of regulatory innovation of alternative fuels and alternative powertrain. For the purpose of analysing this issue, special attention will be given to the concepts of radical and incremental innovation, which will be applied to existing alternative fuels and alternative powertrain technologies, including hybrids, biofuels and hydrogen power. The article will explore these three categories looking at representative case studies: the Brazilian ethanol experience with biofuels, the development of the Toyota hybrid vehicle and the technological development of hydrogen fuel cells. Keywords: Automotive industry, alternative technologies, innovation, biofuels, hybrids, hydrogen fuel cells |
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Dissemination of Cleaner Production Tool In the Brazilian Public Universities Flávia Pinheiro Faria; E. B. A. V. Pacheco (UFRJ)
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Abstract: The chemical industry can be considered one of the most responsible for dispersion of toxic substances in the environment, due to nature and to the amount of residues generated along its productive processes. It is not enough to attenuate and control the pollutants of this industry, but preventing or minimizing their generating source. Cleaner Production (CP) is a good tool for environment management, mainly in small and medium-sized companies which are the majority in Brazil, and it is considered an option for economical and environmental benefits, which can be tangibles and intangibles. Case studies in the industrial sector are being carried out by universities or governmental institutions, observing that independently of the branch of performance of the companies, the chemical processes are the ones that receive greater attention. A bibliographical research was done to verify the dissemination of the concept of CP in Brazilian universities through academic works. These studies showed that entrepreneurs’ awareness has been improved in relation to the environmental preservation. The digital libraries of public universities were accessed, concluding that Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Bahia states concentrated 63% of the documents found up to 2006. The majority case studies were developed in chemical companies and they were from master dissertations Keywords: Cleaner production, chemical industry, Brazilian universities, case studies [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Dynamic Model for Evaluation of Sustainability of Brazilian Ethanol Production: Elements for Modeling SILVA, O. R. (FMU); GUEVARA, A. J. H. (PUC-SP); PALMISANO, A., ROSINI, A. M. (FMU)
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Abstract: System dynamics is an approach to analyze the behavior of complex systems, such as the productive chains, strictly considering the inherent characteristics. This approach is based on mathematical concepts of nonlinear processes developed in mathematics and physics and consolidated in engineering. The concepts inherent in this approach assists in creating a mathematical model which represents a production chain by using computer simulation. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present the formalization of the dynamic model of assessing the sustainability of Brazilian ethanol production, its borders (external environment) and the scenarios needed for a deeper understanding of relation of cause and effect, causal loops and diagrams of flows and stocks as a result of the awareness stage, with regard to understanding the problems involved, the survey methodology known as design science. Keywords: ethanol, system dynamics, sustainability |
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Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Colombia BENAVIDES, A. E. (Universidad del Atlántico/CUC - Colombia); VALENCIA, G. E.; CARDENAS, Y. D. (CUC - Colombia)
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Abstract: The hybrid system switched to the production of electric energy allows supplying the energy demand in NonInterconnected Zones, contributing both to the improvement in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the rational use of energy. A comparative analysis of the performance of these systems was supported out in this study for four sites in the Colombian Caribbean region, using a dynamic model programmed in Matlab, which integrated the equations of a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine. AIR 403, a proton exchange fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyzer, a solar panel and a charge regulator based on PID controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flows in the cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power have obtained for the demand of 200 W for changes in solar radiation and wind speed for all days of the year 2013 in the Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso López airport and Simón Bolívar airport, by regulating the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell. The maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simón Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158,358W (9.45%). While the minimum has shown in Puerto Bolívar with 18,141W (3.745%), which allowed to evaluate the changes in the complementarity of these energies for this system. Finally, the simulations of the hybrid energy system allowed us to select Puerto Bolivar's location as the most efficient for the hybrid system's operation because the high potential of wind and solar energy makes it possible to have low consumption of hydrogen and oxygen flow. Keywords: Fuel cell, PID control, Hybrid energy system, Caribbean region, simulation. |
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Early Stage Investment and Cost Calculation Methodologies for NOx Reduction Measures in Large Combustion Plants MAYER, C.; MUELLER, A.-K.; FROEHLING, M.; SCHULTMANN, F. (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
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Abstract: The worldwide energy demand, especially in terms of electricity, has been rising significantly over the last few years. Even though the total share of renewable energy supply is growing, the global amount of fossil energy is still not declining. To lower at least the environmental effects of fossil fuel burning, the demand for emission reduction measures, especially in combustion plants, is becoming more prominent, in industrial as well as in emerging countries. The various implemented technologies differ in many technical and economic parameters. Consequently, their suitability depends on the specific application. A detailed estimation of investments and operating costs is an essential basis for plant operators in the early stages of an investment decision. Furthermore, policies may massively influence a national energy market and the depending industries by defining thresholds for emission levels and other technical parameters. In industrial countries detailed simulation models are used for this purpose on a micro- and macroeconomic level. In less developed regions, however, information on costs of large combustion plants and especially of emission reduction measures is scarce. Nevertheless, policy makers have a deep interest in methods for assessing possible effects of their decisions. The Task Force on Techno-Economic Issues (TFTEI, formerly known as EGTEI – Expert Group on Techno-Economic Issues), being part of the UNECE/CLRTAP (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/ Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) has therefore been working on a problem oriented cost and investment estimation tool for fossil fueled large combustion plants for the last few years. Its goal is to support policy makers to implement reasonable environmental protection standards by evaluating the microeconomic effects thereof. But TFTEI is not the only group working on that issue, other methods are in use as well, like (amongst others) the one published by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2003. The aim of this paper is to compare the two methods and show the specific advantages and disadvantages for cost and investment calculation of secondary NOx reduction measures. The two methods shall be introduced in detail, followed by a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the calculation results with regard to the usability of each method in the given context. The TFTEI method is based on specific investments of established plants that can be adapted to the needs of the considered application. The EPA method consists of a more detailed technical description of the process, which is then translated into investments and costs components via empirically determined conversion factors. Subsequently, the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies in the context of a cost calculation tool such as the one developed by TFTEI are discussed with a special focus on the characteristics and needs of the target group. The main outcome is that a calibration of the EPA method seems reasonable, as the calculation results are a lot lower than those of the TFTEI method, but within a steady proportion. Due to a lack of data, however, a calibration is not feasible at the current state. Further surveys are recommended to improve the data base and to reduce the uncertainty of the results. Keywords: Techno-economic assessment, Emission Reduction, Emerging Countries, SCR, SNCR
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Eco Industrial Park Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Paracambi EIP L. B. E. Veiga; A. Magrini (UFRJ)
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Abstract: This paper presents the Eco Industrial Park (EIP) concept, an environmental management tool that is being spread in many nations around the world as an industrial model that can reconcile the three “Es” of sustainability – environment, social equity and economic efficiency - as it reorganizes industrial practices and activities in order to meet sustainable development goals. Although being an emerging concept, there are many EIP projects being implemented, and many of them already operating in North America, Europe, Asia, Central and South America, including in Rio de Janeiro State (RJS), Brazil. This paper aims to present the development of EIPs in RJS focusing on Paracambi EIP, located in Paracambi municipality, the only pilot project to be developed in a greenfield site. This paper also presents a methodology developed for planning Paracambi EIP. This methodology was developed based on studies and projects developed worldwide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency US-EPA software Facility Synergy Tool (FaST) was a major tool used in order to plan this EIP. Keywords: Eco Industrial Parks, sustainable development, industrial ecology, Paracambi Municipality [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Eco Innovation in the Context of Green Supply Chain Management: A Proposal of a Conceptual Framework SOUZA, W. J. V.; SCUR, G.; HILSDORF, W. C. (FEI)
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Abstract: Both practitioners and researchers have been reporting a special interest in eco-innovation issues. The academic perspective points to the need that the number of researches should be increased in developing countries. A topic that has received little attention from the literature is the way in which a company can identify and develop ecoinnovations within the green supply chain management (GSCM) context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to analyze the eco-innovation deployment within the GSCM context considering: (1) the environmental practices implemented throughout the GSCM, classifying them by eco-innovation category (incremental or radical); and (2) the environmental performance indicators. Keywords: GSCM; Eco-innovation; Environmental practices; Environmental performance Indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Eco-Efficiency Analysis of Hand Drying Systems CARVALHO, J. S.; OLIVEIRA, S. A. (UFABC)
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Abstract: In order to meet current legal requirements that demand control and reduction of solid waste generation, as well as society's interest in more sustainable options in the execution of their daily activities, the paper addresses an Eco-efficiency Analysis comparing alternatives for hand drying in environments with different rates of movement of people: Shopping Center (high) and University Center (low). The Eco-efficiency Analysis, which analyzed the combined environmental and economic performances, was carried out based on internationally recognized methodologies, tools and databases, which follow ISO 14040 series standards. The technologies studied refer to those available in the market with the function of hand drying, from which the electric dryer by hot air jet was selected; alternatives of 5 and 15 seconds of constant use. The alternative in comparison consists on two or three towels of Paper offered in plastic dispenser. By means of a survey that counted with 1350 responses, it was possible to observe that about 75% of the target public has a preference for using paper towels, and this choice is mainly motivated by the requirements of practicality and hygiene. Despite this preference, 42% of the participants believe in the efficiency of electric dryers. It was also realized that the society is concerned about environmental and social issues arising from the production, use and final destination of both alternatives. In addition, approximately 69% of the respondents considered the option of electric dryers as the best alternative to reduce the impacts on the environment. After the analysis, the use of electric dryers by hot-air jet was pointed out as the most eco-efficient option. The drying time using the electric dryer is not significant in terms of environmental and economic impacts in either of the alternatives. However, the amount of paper towels used is determinant, and the alternative of three paper towels was presented as the less eco-efficient. It was also observed that in high circulation places, the use of electric dryer stands out as the most economical alternative. Thus, its use, in addition to bringing lower environmental and economic impacts throughout the life cycle, supplies the current governmental demands and the expectation of consumption of a significant portion of the target public of the research. Keywords: Urban Solid Waste, Hand Drying, Eco-efficiency Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Eco-Efficiency Assessment of a Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installation in Accommodation and Lodging Establishments (ALE). A Case in the Guajira, Colombia MEJIA, N. N. (Universidad de La Guajira - Colombia); VERA, L.D. (Universidad Nacional - Colombia); LOPEZ, G. J. (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Colombia); HERRERA, I. (CIEMAT - Spain)
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Abstract: Eco-efficient technologies for the production of electricity are those that when compared with other technological options generate lower environmental impacts and their cost within the energy system is less expensive. In Colombia and specifically in La Guajira, the potential of renewable energy (ER) is presented as an eco-efficient technological alternative to improve the environmental impacts caused in the production and consumption of electricity in the housing sector. In this sense, this document shows part of the results of a research developed as a doctoral thesis, carried out in the Accommodation and Lodging Establishments (EAH) of the department of La Guajira. The objective of this research is the development of a methodological model of eco-efficient technological solutions as a management tool that contributes to the environmental sustainability of the EAH taking into account that this region has great potential for the development of photovoltaic solar technology. In the current work, part of the results obtained in this doctoral thesis is presented. These results were obtained under a mixed experimental approach to a population of 375 ALE that had at least 5 years of operation and active registration at the Chamber of Commerce of La Guajira in 2016. A questionnaire of 58 items was designed and applied to a sample of 169 LAE. Likewise, for the construction of the Methodological Model of Eco-efficient Technological Solutions two methodologies were used: Methodology 1, consists in the technical evaluation through which the components of the solar photovoltaic system are dimensioned, either for autonomous systems or connected to the network, although in this research it was only designed for autonomous systems; Methodology 2, evaluates the eco-efficiency of photovoltaic solar technology by applying the Colombian Technical Norm NTC-ISO 14045 (2013). In this evaluation 2 methods were used, Method 1 involving environmental evaluation through the Cycle Analysis of Life (LCA), through the application of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 with the help of SIMAPRO software and the 2011 ILCD environmental impact method. Method 2 to assess the value of the product system. In this case, the solar photovoltaic system for the generation of electricity through the software HOMER PRO was created. Results show that although photovoltaic technology is more eco-efficient than the technology that currently works in the EAH (reduces the emission of CO2 by 74 %). From economical point none of the two technologies; it is ecoefficient because they do not have a rate of return on investment. This fact highlights the need to continue in this line of research. Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic Energy; Eco-efficiency Technologies; Sustainability management; Accommodation and Lodging Establishments. |
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Eco-Efficiency in a Metalworking Industry of Campinas/SP Region: Reduction of Setup time and Carbon Footprint LEME, R. D. J.; LOPES SILVA, D. A. (UFSCar)
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Abstract: Losses of time and resources, such as materials, infrastructure, financial capital, and labor can reduce productivity and competitiveness of industries. In order to promote cleaner production, lean solutions integrated to the sustainable manufacturing concept can be adopted to minimize such losses. This integration can generate competitive advantages not only in financial terms, but contributing also to reduction of environmental impacts, operational advantages, increasing productivity and creating more value to companies. In this context, aiming at reducing unproductive times, one can focus on minimizing setup time of machines and equipment. Considering a high precision mold making company from Campinas region of São Paulo State of Brazil, the following question arises: how to identify improvement opportunities to reduce setup times and activities on its machining processes? There are several approaches that could be applied to solve this question, however, this paper focused on the integration of sustainable manufacturing with lean manufacturing practices and, for this, an eco-efficiency study was carried out through the application of SMED tool integrated with Carbon Footprint of machining processes. The case study results showed that it was possible to reduce long setup times by up to 88.4%, while carbon footprint was also minimized by up to 81.3%. Simple improvements were performed at the evaluated machining processes based on simple changes, such as standardization of setup activities and time & methods procedures. Finally, the combined approach of SMED with Carbon Footprint can be used to assist more companies to improve ecoefficiency in manufacturing processes towards a more sustainable future. Keywords: Eco-efficiency. Carbon Footprint. Quick Tooling Change. SMED. Lean Manufacturing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Ecodesign and Cleaner Production: Production Inovation at the Furniture Sector M. G. Farias (UDESC); A. da Silva (Moveis Neumann-SC); R. Langer (UDESC)
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Abstract: This article has as objective to demonstrate the importance and the results of the process of integration of the University of the State of Santa Catarina with the business sectors - in special, by means of the companies nets called “Local Productive Arrangements” at Furniture Sector, in the advances of the use of the concept of the Innovation, Ecodesign and Cleaner Production for the endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development. Keywords: Cleaner production, innovation, ecodesign, local productive arrangement, furniture sector [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Ecodesign applied to sugarcane productive chain: cooperative mobilizations I. K. Makiya (UNIP)
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Abstract: Sugar-cane productive chain presents a strong potential for ecologically maintainable options, which is important in Brazil due to a large number of sugarcane plants existing. Some positive aspects obtained by the Brazilian sugarcane chain during last years are the Genoma project that identified 50 thousand genes present in sugar cane, production of biodegradable plastic, the obtained sugar type white pollen (WHP) that requests less effort in industrial and technology process for using residues of the cane agro-industry in co-generation of electric energy, and so on. All these results in a high social-economic importance of sugar-cane chain to Brazil, but still there is a lack of studies on sustainability issues. In this sense, alternatives towards sustainability by considering a cooperative view are needed including programs for alternative energy sources (i.e. ethanol, biodiesel and biomass), alternative sources of biodegradable packings, and an ecoefficient redesign of the productive chain as a whole. Keywords: Ecodesign, sugar-cane, alternative energy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Ecodesign Integration Models: Systematic Literature Review with a Systemic Focus BRONES, F. A.; CARVALHO, M. M.; AMATO NETO, J. (USP)
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Abstract: The concept of integration plays a key role in Ecodesign, defined as incorporating environmental aspects with a life cycle perspective into projects and the Product Development Process (PDP) of businesses. Assuming that a broad framework for a comprehensive integration adhering to the principles of innovation management is still missing, this article seeks to make a scientific state of the art of the theme, focusing on published Models. The methodology associates bibliometric techniques and content analysis, based on searches conducted on two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) and several complementary sources giving priority to the primary publications of the Models.The research identified 52 modelsthat were analyzed in depth, comingfrom various types of publications and worldwide geographical origins, predominantly from northern Europe.It was possible to trace a systemic pattern of the Models, using scientific concepts associated with the success factors of innovation management together with principles of environmental sustainability in business.The adopted three levels segmentation (micro, meso and macro) covers the main issues and challenges of the Ecodesign integration in the PDP of business, contributing to the analysis and comparison of the Models.Throughout the scientific literature reported in this paper, a convergence and consolidation of Ecodesign knowledge was initiated, gathering scientific constructs and best practices from various areas. The proposed systemic approach is a promising way to synthesize the main constructs involved in Ecodesign integration and Life Cycle Management, and is a useful step towards the construction of a complete integration Model. Keywords: Ecodesign, integration, models, systemic, development. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecodesign Methods focused on Remanufacturing D. C. A. Pigosso; E. T. Zanette; A. Guelere Filho; A. R. Ometto (USP)
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Abstract: The consumption and production of products throughout its lifecycle is at the origin of most of the pollution and resources depletion that our society causes. The environmental impact of products at the end of their life can be considerably reduced by the application of remanufacture. Encouraged by environmental legislation, such as the WEEE in Europe, and motivated by aftermarket reasons, the importance of the remanufacture industry has increased lately, worldwide. Remanufacturing is defined as the transformation of an end-of-life product into an ‘as good as new’ product. The remanufacturing process includes several stages, including product disassembly, cleaning and identification of parts, parts recovery, testing and product re-assembly. To implement remanufacturable products successfully, they ought to been previously designed for that purpose. Thus, the initial phases of the product development process must consider the aspects of remanufacturing such as disassembly opportunities, facilities and reverse logistics. The consideration of theses aspects can be made by means of Ecodesign, which is a proactive posture of environmental management that, by integrating environmental concern to the product development process, aims to reduce the total environmental impact of products throughout its entire lifecycle, without compromising other important aspects, such as quality, costs, ergonomics, aesthetics, etc. There are several Ecodesign’ methods that focus on the remanufacturing process and can be successfully applied in order to obtain more sustainable products, minimizing its adverse environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to present some Ecodesign methods that focus on end-of-life strategies, including, among others, remanufacturing. It is important that all end-of-life strategies be related, since not all products’ components can be remanufactured. Hence, other end-of-life strategies, such as recycling and reuse, should be made possible and viable. Keywords: Ecodesign, remanufacture, methods |
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Eco-Efficiency: A Case Study in a Chemical Industry H. M. de Pinho; M. N. Catanzano; P. J. C. Candeira (FAENG)
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Abstract: Eco-efficiency is of vital importance for the maintenance of organizations nowadays, not only to maintain an ecologically speech accepted by society, but also because it brings all kinds of benefits. As more companies seek respectability, the better the prospects for growth and environmental integration. Moreover, it is a management tool which main function is the environment preservation. This work addresses questions related to environmental management through a system of eco-efficiency. During the development of this work, a research was conducted at a chemical industry located in a petrochemical pole in Maua city, Sao Paulo State. The methodology was based on a case study, therefore a questionnaire was designed to answer what this organization has done in order to save resources. The results show that this organization has carried out activities related to the topic, although there are great opportunities for improvement in the management system currently applied. Keywords: Eco-efficiency, management system, environment and sustainable development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Ecoefficiency in Portuguese WWTP HENRIQUES, J.; CATARINO, J. (LNEG, Portugal)
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Abstract: Cleaner Production is a strategy that supports companies on their way towards sustainability by focusing their efforts mainly on the reduction of materials’ and energy’s use, on processes’ improvement, on cycles’ closing and on waste flows’ valorisation or elimination. This approach was used in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) by considering their running as an industrial process. In a flowchart all the inputs and outputs were identified. Energy was quantified and the associated costs were allocated. Special attention was paid to energy use in the treatment processes and therefore the higher electricity consumptions were measured. In each WWTP the efficiency in the removal of the pollution load was related to the energy consumption. For each WWTP an indicator (Value) relating removal efficiency to cost (or energy consumed) was established and used for benchmarking between the target WWTP. Possibilities, of reduction of materials and energy consumption in the normal functioning of the WWTP, were identified. Other improvement opportunities were detected in what concerns the inputs related to population training and information, namely those related to water savings, internal housing water reclamation and chemicals use. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainable Value, wastewater treatment plant, energy efficiency, eco-efficiency [Abstract] [Organizational Report]
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Eco-industrialism: The Potential for Inclusive Growth with Bio-Plastic Production in Brazil Using Sugarcane Ethanol P. Wells (Cardiff University-UK), C. Zapata (UNDP) |
Abstract: Eco-industrialism embraces the concept of spatially-concentrated and inter-connected industrial activities that collectively are eco-efficient in the use of resources, though not necessarily premised on renewable resources. One area of activity that has potential for renewable eco-industrialism is that of bio-plastics; specifically in this case the production of plastic feedstock from sugarcane ethanol along with downstream products manufactured from bio-plastic feedstock for industrial or consumer markets. Eco-industrialism, in addition, has little to say about the subject of inclusive growth – an important element in the social and economic dimensions of sustainability. Inclusive growth means bringing some of the wealth created by growth to the marginal elements of society. This paper examines the nascent sugarcane ethanol bio-plastic industry in Brazil with a view to understanding the potential of the sector for renewable eco-industrialism in general, and for inclusive growth to mitigate rural poverty in particular. It is concluded that while the sector and the underlying technology is only in the formative stages, there are reasons to suppose that there is potential for inclusive growth and alleviating rural poverty by broadening income flows and reducing income volatility risk to rural areas. The paper explains that the concept of ecoindustrialism has thus far been limited in that it is not based on renewable resources per se. Hence in theoretical terms the paper seeks to explain the significance of two possible developments of the concept: a basis of on renewable resources; and an extension with ‘inclusive growth’. The analysis is grounded in an understanding of contemporary definitions of bio-plastic and why it might be important e.g. in the automotive industry. Information on the technology and scale of production, etc. is used to compare the bio-plastic sector with the mainstream petrochemical plastic sector. We then present a case study of Brazil in which it is shown that an embryonic bio-plastic industry exists, though it is far from being an ecoindustrial cluster. The subsequent analysis argues that there is a strong sustainability basis for developing a Brazilian bio-plastic eco-industrial complex based on sugarcane ethanol, and outlines some potential policy frameworks to further encourage the development of such a sector. It is concluded that there are broad social and economic benefits, such as greater inclusive growth and higher retention of added value within Brazil, alongside the environmental advantages of using sugarcane such as lower carbon emissions. The wider theoretical conclusions are that eco-industrialism based on renewable resources could be the foundation of a new form of materialism in modern society. Keywords: Inclusive growth, sugarcane ethanol, eco-industrialism, ethanol, Brazil |
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Eco-Innovation and Knowledge Management: How Are These Practices Related? MADEIRA, L. M. M.; VICK, T. E.; NAGANO, M. S. (USP)
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Abstract: The article aims to analyze, using three different tools, the relationship between the practices of eco-innovation and knowledge management (KM). It is known that the commitment of top management through education, training, and deep intervention in the organizational culture, organizational change is essential for the implementation of environmental management systems. Due to the importance of these aspects, management should promote the creation of knowledge. As a way to demonstrate the relationship that is the subject of research, the S Curve of innovation, the Standard Design Process Form (SDPS) and the PIT Diagram (Product Ideas Tree) are studied. These methodologies were selected in order to characterize and enlighten the process of generating ideas in the eco-innovation. In addition to the relationships found between the KM and eco- innovation, a set of five assumptions is listed in order to emphasize the results found in the discussion. Keywords: Eco-innovation; Knowledge Management; Knowledge Creation; Environmental Management. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecological Construction a Model for the Sustainable Development R. C. Kanning; E. C. C. de Aguiar (UTFPR)
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Abstract: The materials that constitute the urban garbage, the home deficit, the raised consumption of natural resources and the generation of residues for civil construction are subjects of great importance and concern for all nations. The project Unit Knowledge is presented as a proposal to minimize these problems, therefore the EPS (styropor), the PET plastic bottles, tire and bombonas, besides reducing the use of natural resources, such as sand and crushed rock, and propitiates an avoidance on the use of nesting mortar, provides raw materials for producing blocks and mortar, thus reducing the volume of the garbage to disposed; it has low cost of production and, under technical orientation, they allow to the future inhabitants the building of home units in reduced time. Keywords: Unit knowledge, ISOPET, EPS, bottles PET, tire [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Ecological Cost Account Application in a Lean Manufacture Brazilian Automotive Project SERRA, F. G.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; CALRGE, F. A.; SANTANA, J. C. C. (UNINOVE)
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Abstract: Currently, the society has demanded attitudes from companies to reduce environment impacts derived from manufacturing processes and to reduce emissions from greenhouse gases. The Ecological Costs Accounting (ECA) is a theory for the companies to measure these impacts and then apply practices to solve them in an economically feasible, with social attitude and environmentally friendly. Thus, this study aimed to apply the Lean Manufacturing practices together with ECA’s theory in an automotive company, in order to verify their gains in Economic, Social and Ecological Dimensions. Thus, a study of case was developed in a Brazilian automotive company, in which was implemented a Lean Manufacturing project and their economic, social and environmental gains in seven years period. The obtained results show that it is possible to mix Lean Manufacturing practices with ECA’s theory, in order to minimize company’s social and ecological impacts. It was verified that the company obtained a cost reduction about R$ 118 thousand/year, improving their image for the society and reducing employees efforts, reducing their emissions in 481 t of CO2, which can be commercialized as carbon credits and there was a reduction of electrical energy consumption over 2.803 thousand kW/year. Keywords: Ecological costs accounting, lean manufacture, environmental credits, reduction of environmental impacts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Ecological Recuperation of Palácio dos Leilões NOLLI, A. C. (UFMG)
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Abstract: This paper analyzes a proposal in the form of an early stage of a architectural, urban and paisagistic project aiming the ecological recuperation for the area of the so-called “Palácio dos Leilões”, at the county of Contagem, Minas Gerais state. That area is being considered e nvironmentally poor, unhealthy as it has being used as car crashed deposit. The cars wait for dismantling and their parts to be sold in order to be re-used. In this paper it will be demonstrate new concepts which are related to a cleaner and sustainable reuse since the shred process of pieces and collection of fluids will be more sensible as to open spaces to create new forests surrounding the factory. A small existing wetland in the place will be recovery in order to integrate and adapt itself to the ecological system treated. The paper concludes towards a conceptual framework to support the architectural, urban and paisagistic projects, reflecting on the main steps to achieve cleaner, sustainable and cheaper projects for industrial demands. Keywords: Clean construction industry, recycling, reforestation, sustainable architectural design [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Economic Viability and Flammability of Polyurethane Composites, Aluminum Sludge and Polyethylene Terephthalate Residue MARQUES, D. V.; AGUIAR, A. C. (UNISUL - Brazil); BARCELOS, R. L. (UNISUL/SENAC - Brazil); SILVA, H. R. T.; EGERT, P.; MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL - Brazil)
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Abstract: Polyurethane is used in the construction industry because of its excellent thermal performance in roofs, floors, and concrete slabs. However, its high flammability restricts the use. The study reports the use of polyethylene terephthalate and aluminumanodizing sludge residues in the production of boards with different densities and fire resistance. Boards with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of polyethylene terephthalate residue were prepared to replace primary polyurethane raw materials, to which 20% aluminum sludge was added. In the horizontal burning test (UL94), the boards presented a combustion deceleration until flame extinction due to the presence of aluminum-anodizing sludge. There was a cost reduction of about 70% for the boards with the greatest amount of residues incorporated. The construction industry should consider incorporating waste into the life cycle of products from other segments as part of its formulations, saving natural resources and becoming more sustainable. Keywords: Aluminum sludge; Polyethylene terephthalate (PET); Polyurethane (PU); Recycling; Flammability. |
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Effect of Extractive Removal on the Calorific Power of Wood Residues T. Rossi, L. F. de Moura, P. R. Torquato, J. O. Brito (USP)
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Abstract: In mechanical processing of wood, the generation of residues is an unavoidable factor. The
use of wood residues has gained increasing importance due to the large amount generated
and improper disposal, which causes serious environmental damage. Burning of such
residues to energy generation is an increasingly usual practice. However, the wood residues
hold substances that could be recovered before burning. These substances are the wood
extractives, which may have many uses as natural dyes for fabrics, foods and cosmetics, as
well as substances of interest to medicine. Thus, it is of great interest to study the effect of
extractive removal on the calorific power of wood. In this work, the calorific power of four
species of woods commonly used in sawmills (ipe, cedroarana, and jatoba) and residues of
urban arborization (Brazil wood ) were evaluated before and after extraction in hot water. In
woods studied, the calorific power showed three patterns of behavior after removal of
extractives soluble in hot water. For Brazil wood, the removal of extractives caused no
significant change in calorific power, which suggests that there is no potential energy in
these wood extractives. For cedroarana and jatoba, extractive removal led to a decrease in
wood calorific power of 161.3 kcal/kg and 40.1 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates that the
extractives from these species have a positive energy potential. Finally, for ipe, the removal
of extractives resulted in an increase in calorific power of wood (67.6 kcal/kg), which might
encourage the recovery of extractives from wood residues before burning for energy
generation.
Keywords: Calorific power, extractives, wood residues, recovery [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' - Italy) |
Abstract: Uncontrolled CO2 emissions and excessive energy dependence strongly contribute to climate change preventing economic and sustainable development. The European mitigation program is very ambitious: new objectives up to 2030 provide for a 40% reduction of GHG emissions and an increase of 27% for renewables and energy efficiency. Competitiveness would save on imports of oil and gas, to increase the gross domestic product and create new jobs in the renewable energy and energy efficiency. This study uses GHG emissions, total energy consumption and renewable energy consumption as input variables for the evaluation and the analysis of the economic and social sustainability performance of Countries belonging to the European Economic Area. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model allows the identification of the less competitive areas in terms of sustainable growth and the Zero Sum Gains Data Envelopment Analysis model is used to determine how they should vary the inputs so that the economic system reaches efficiency. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Management, Renewable Energy, ZSG DEA |
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Electric Supply and Autonomous System for a Cleaner Production of Pesticide-Free Aeroponic Food Products HOYOS, F. E.; CANDELO, J. E. (Universidad Nacional de Colombia); CHAVARRIA H. J. (Colombian Aeroponics Company)
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Abstract: Aeroponics allows a more efficient agriculture because the possibility to grow plants in places where conventional open-field agriculture is difficult. The use of technology allows to improve efficiency of the processes, although some energy control and irrigation system solutions must be improved. This paper presents the application of an autonomous power supply and an irrigation control system for the pesticide-free aeroponic food production. The system was designed using Matlab-Simulink-MPLAB tool to perform the control model and to be applied to the crop. Besides, a dsPIC was programmed for the irrigation cycle control algorithms using Matlab-Simulink blocks. The results show that the irrigation cycle and power supply help to maintain uniform plants in the crop, which allows a better development of the aeroponics. Keywords: Pesticide-free food, aeroponics, autonomous irrigation system, cleaner production, electric power. |
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Electricity from Poultry Manure: A Clean Alternative to Direct Land Application BILLEN, P. (University of Leuven - Belgium); COSTA, J. (BMC Moerdijk - Belgium); VAN CANEGHEN, J.; VANDECASTEELE, C. (University of Leuven - Belgium)
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Abstract: In the EU direct land spreading of animal manure is restricted to avoid excessive fertilization of agricultural areas with resulting eutrophication problems. The combustion of poultry manure in biomass power plants is an interesting alternative to direct land spreading. In this paper, the environmental impact of combustion and of direct land spreading of poultry manure are compared, considering three aspects of cleaner production: sustainable energy production and GHG emissions, pollution prevention and recycling of materials. In a life cycle perspective, it is shown that the production of electricity from poultry manure reduces the emissions of GHGs, NH3, nitrates, SO2 and NOx to the environment. The reduction of the emissions and resulting decreased environmental impact is partly due to the diversion of poultry manure from land spreading and partly due to the replacement of electricity production by the combustion of fossil fuels. The combustion ash is rich in phosphorus and potassium, but low in nitrogen, so that it can be recycled as an inorganic soil conditioner. The ash is dry, odorless, and free of pathogens, which are beneficial properties compared to fresh poultry manure. Moreover, the amount of heavy metals with respect to the macronutrient phosphate, is unchanged compared to the poultry manure as it enters the combustor. Therefore, land application of the poultry manure ash has the same environmental impact as poultry manure spreading. It may be considered a means to balance the needs and use of phosphorus between regions. Keywords: Poultry manure, land spreading, combustion, environmental impact |
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Electrochemical Discoloration of Alizarin Red S Solutions in Dimensionally Stable Anode E. M. Moreira, F. L. Souza, D. W. Miwa (USP), C. R. Costa (UFTM), A. J. Motheo (USP)
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Abstract: Alizarin red S is a dye utilized by textile and leather industries. As it is a dye, alizarin red S is a potential environmental aggressor because it inhibited the photosynthesis in water bodies. In this work we evaluated the discoloration kinetic of alizarin red S in dimensionally stable anode in presence of phosphate buffer and, in some cases, in presence of sodium chloride also. Removal values of color higher than 90% were obtained after 5 hours of treatment of alizarin red S solutions containing 700 mg L-1 of this dye. Keywords: Electrochemical discoloration, alizarin red S, rate constant [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Electrochemical Remediation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol under Different Agitation and Electromotive Force R. C. Batista, D. D. Cordeiro, S. Manzani (UFGO), I. A. Silva, L. Angnes (USP), E. S. Gil (USP/UFGO)
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Abstract: Among many species that exist in urban or industrial wastewater, endocrine disrupters are substances that can alter the functioning of the reproductive system, causing feminization of species, causing diseases like breast cancer, uterine cancer and prostate cancer, abnormal sexual development, reduced male fertility, increased incidence of polycystic ovaries, disturbances in the functions of the ovary (follicular growth and ovulation), fertilization and pregnancy. In animals may deregulate the reproduction and development of organisms. Among these substances is the 17α-ethinylestradiol as synthetic estrogen developed for medical use in hormone replacement therapies and contraceptive methods , havinghigh potential estrogen and has been ranked as one of the most responsible in triggering endocrine changes in organisms exposed to surface water . This paper presents a study of the use of sheets of carbon as electrode material for electrochemical remediation of 17α-ethinylestradiol. In this context we evaluated the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation for ethinyl estradiol at different flow conditions, potential and electrolytic means. Keywords: Endocrine disrupters, cardboard, carbon electrochemical oxidation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Electrodialysis as an Alternative for Treatment of Nickel Electroplating Effluent: Water and Salts Recovery BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); RODRIGUES, M. A. S. (FEEVALE); KRAPF, R. S.; BERNARDES, A. M.; ZOPPAS-FERREIRA, J. (UFRGS)
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Abstract: Galvanic processes are one of the main activities contributors of metal discharges into the environment. The wastewater generated contains high load of salts and metals that must be treated for recovery chemicals and water, saving resources. In this work the treatment of effluents from bright nickel electroplating process by electrodialysis (ED) was studied in order to concentrate and extract nickel (Ni)and its salts and recover water for reuse, saving industrial and environmental resources. This study was started as a case requested by an European company, manufacturer of ED plants, due the operation of equipment used in the treatment of nickel plating wastewater at an Brazilian enterprise.. After many tests using real and synthetic nickel plating effluent and determination of limiting current value in previous works, one bench scale electrodialysis system was evaluated, containing five compartments cells separated by four 16cm2 membranes. It was used a synthetic effluent based on industrial baths composition, including salts and organic additives. Nickel extraction, pH and conductivity were evaluated for all compartments. After ED, the treated effluent was evaluated by chemical analysis for verify its quality. It was found that ED treatment generates, as product, a very low conductivity solution, allow ing the reuse as rinsewater, and a concentrated solution able to fortify the bath and recover volumes lost by evaporation and drag during the nickel electroplating process. Keywords: Nickel electroplating, effluent treatment, electrodialysis, reuse
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Eletrical and Eletronic Wastes: A Challange for Sustainable Development and the New National Policy for Solid Wastes R. Y. Natume (UTFPR), F. S. P. Sant´Anna (UFSC)
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Abstract: The growing concearn with the generation of solid wastes in Brazil and worldwide has challanged managers in several areas due to the scope of the emerging impacts, being either environmental, economical, social or cultural. The 12.035 Act which establishes the National Policy for Solid Wastes demonstrates how the brazilian leaders are worried about this issue. The growth in the generation of electric and electronic wastes is due mainly to the growing technological revolution in the past years which has produced equipments in large scale, with varied uses. This growth results in an increase of the amount and diversity of equipments, which for becoming obsolete fast, represent a significant percentage of discarded wastes today. These electric and electronic wastes are considered dangerous due to their diverse composition, mainly heavy metals which cause serious problems to human lives, animals, vegetables, water beds, among others. In this perspective, this work tries to cooperate to broaden the knowledge about this kind of residues and find possible solutions which could minimize their environmental impacts. Companies cases are presented and analysed which have already properly managed their electo and electronic residues. Other cases such as some companies which have not yet implemented any kind of management of the residues they produce and their difficulties to discard these wastes are also presented. Keywords: Eletrical and electronic wastes, sustainability, recycling, reuse, national policy for solid waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Elimination of Mercury (Hg) in the Health Sector: the Case of a Hospital in the City of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico C. R. A. Chávez, M. M. Grano, M. E. A. Corrales, L. E. V. Contreras (UNISON-Mexico), P. Markkanen, C. Galligan (UMass Lowell-USA), M. B. Hernández (UNISON-Mexico), M. M. Quinn (UMass Lowell-USA)
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Abstract: The objectives of this study were to provides an analysis of policies that are related to the Hg, management practices (acquisition, storage, use and final disposal), as well as the inventory of the sources of Hg in different areas of the hospital and propose actions for the implementation of a cleaner production (CP) program in a hospital in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and interview assessment and inventory sheet. With the information gathered and an assessment glass clinical thermometer was selected as the source of the most important Hg. Finally was developed a pilot program of CP for a hospital, to assist in the implementation of alternatives to reduce and / or eliminate Hg. This case study showed some deficiencies in the hospital, such as lack of employee training, inadequate practices for cleaning up spills, lack of policies for the removal of Hg, the lack of identification of equipment and laboratory chemicals containing Hg. The actions recommended include: promoting the creation of a policy to reduce and/or elimination of Hg, to form a team in the hospital, develop support material for an awareness campaign, training of nursing staff and medical material supply for cleaning spills of Hg, formulate policies for the purchase of mercury-free devices, starting with the replacement of mercury thermometers for digital thermometers. This case is part of Elimination of Mercury project in Ecuador and Mexico Hospitals led by University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA, aims at gradual elimination of mercury from healthcare facilities. Participation in the project is voluntary. Keywords: Mercury, hospital, pollution prevention, cleaner production |
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Emergy Accounting and CO2 Emissions: Accessing and Remaining in the Physical and in the Virtual Learning Environment OLIVEIRA, J. H. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The aim of this work is to compare the environmental cost of accessing and remaining in the physical learning environment, during a typical school nigh, by the students attending a technicians' level course of Management at the IFSULDEMINAS' (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais) pole located in the city of Jacutinga-MG to the environmental cost resulting from a session- accessing and remaining for a given amount of time - on the virtual learning environment (VLE) by the students from the Inconfidentes-MG pole enrolled in a Distance Teaching version of a similar course carried by e-Tec (Open Technical School of Brazil) during a typical distance teaching study session. By means of emergy environmental accounting it was possible to verify that a typical virtual instruction session carried by students living in locations where the typical Brazilian matrix hydroelectricity is used to feed their computers will demand more from the environment than their counterparts' use of public transportation to commute to the physical classroom. On the other hand, calculations for CO2 emissions caused by each system unveils a reverse situation , as far as environmental impact is concerned. This study also presents a simulation by which one is able to verify that a student who uses thermo-electric power from a Diesel- operated generator when accessing the VLE would cause higher CO2 emission levels than does his counterpart who uses public transportation to go to and from school and use classroom facilities. Keywords: Distance Teaching, physical learning environment, emergy, VLE [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Emergy Accounting in the Two Systems of Generating Electricity Using Waste I. Corsini; B. S. Carvalho; E. M. Pereira, M. C. A. Cunha, C. C. Silva (IFSULDEMINAS)
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Abstract: This article aims to assess by emergy accounting, two systems of electric power production. Comparing two different realities, one that uses a power generation system installed on a standalone mill in São Paulo and another in a Sewage Treatment Station (STS) located in Uppsala, Sweden. The systems were measured by indicators that indicate the environmental burden. This methodology presents the results, synthetic and easy to understand that aid in the pursuit of sustainable development and environmentally friendly. Based on our analysis of the digestion system installed at the station ETE indicates disadvantages over the plant unattended. This is due to higher utilization that makes the plant independent of renewable resources (R, N), thus Transformity better, lower environmental burden and reduced pressure on the environment. Keywords: Emergy, STS, independent power plant, waste, energy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Emergy Accounting of a Course of Management at the Federal Institute of Southern Minas Gerais: A Case Study OLIVEIRA, J. H. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The aim of this work is to carry out the environmental accounting of a technicians' level programme of Management given by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) at an external unit in Jacutinga, MG using the emergy accounting method. This work is an integrating part of a broader case studyfeaturing a comparison between the implicit environmental costs behind this programmeand the Distance Teaching version of a similar course carried by the same institution. Keywords: Emergy, information, CO2
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Emergy Accounting of Milk Production System: Is the Organic Label a Synonymous with Sustainable Production? OLIVEIRA, M.W. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: Agricultural production under organic handling can be found in different regions of Brazil and it is still under continuous expansion. Organic handling is an alternative production system which produces healthier food compared to chemical traditional agriculture. To be labeled as organic, the production system must comply with requirements of Law no. 10,832/03 which supplies definitions and rules aiming to constrain the use of some inputs into the production system.Notwithstanding, organics are usually considered as synonymous of sustainable products, but quantitative information supporting this statement is rarely found in literature. This raises doubt about the sustainable label associated to all organics. This work aims to evaluate the relation of binomial organicssustainable by considering as case study a certified organic milk production systemlocated in São Paulo State, Brazil. Emergy accounting (with an “m”) is the scientific methodology used to quantify sustainability. Results indicate that organic system (OS) has low renewability (%R of 19%), it explores natural resources in an inefficient way which results in high demand for resources from economy (EIR of 3.63 and EYR of 1.23), it demands high amount of non-renewable resources which causes moderate load on environment (ELR of 4.07), and finally it has low sustainability (ESI of 0.30). All these obtained emergy indices show lower performance when compared to values for agricultural ecological systems found in literature. In this sense, the OS evaluated should not be labeled as sustainable, overthrowing the thesis of which organics are synonymous of sustainable. Anyhow, it is suggested that other methodological approaches be used simultaneously with emergy accounting to assess sustainability under different perspectives of scale and time. Keywords: Emergy, Organic milk production, Sustainable indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Emergy Analysis for Brazilian Cotton Agriculture BLATT, E. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is applying environment accounting in Emergy to analysis the Brazilian cotton agricultural production system. To determine which cotton agricultural production items, have more relevance. This study takes into consideration the diversity of Brazilian cotton production characteristics per region, the calculation data are the weighted mean per production per productive area. The results of this paper are compared into with two Brazilian and one North American Articles and the Emergy Sustainability Index results at all studied cotton production systems shown results <1 that characterize cotton agriculture as a short term value for sustainability classification. Demanding high amount of fertilizers and pesticides. Those are purchased inputs into the production system. Keywords: emergy; environmental accounting; cotton agricultural systems, environmental sustainability metrics in cotton agriculture [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Emergy and Hydroelectricity TASSINARI, C. A.; BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The construction of hydroelectric plants is a controversial issue when negative effects are focused on, since social disruption, material or financial loss, crops, forest and soil loss, etc. On the other hand, benefits that would otherwise take years to occur, such as employment increase, arise in shorter run due to this region's development. In Brazil, the construction of “Run-of-the-river” plants, hydroelectric plants capable of operating with small or even without reservoirs, have been in tensified. In 2005, 93 % of the electric energy available for consuming was generated by hydroelectricity plants and according to the national planning elaborated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, hydroelectricity will remain the predominant source up to 2030. Global environmental benefits and costs for two Brazilian plants (Porto Primavera and Jupiá) were accounted for in terms of emergy terms. The traditional emergy in dicators were calculated as well as new indicators were proposed in order to evidence other aspects, such as matching between hydroelectric enterprise and region, more adequate use of water, influence of reservoir dimension and loss of ecosystem services. Keywords: Emergy, Hydroelectricity, Environmental accounting, Ecosystem service
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Emergy Synthesis and Sustainability: Analysis of Emergy Flows in the Territorial Dynamics in the Municipality of Pitalito - Huila SEPÚLVEDA, J,D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); RIAÑO, N,M. (ASOHOFRUCOL - Colombia); MERIÑO, L,I.; CARDENAS, Y. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
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Abstract: This work shows the application of emergy synthesis in the municipality of Pitalito a small territory located in the Department of Huila in southwestern Colombia, the purpose of this application is to establish a basis of analysis for the identification of environmental, social and productive relationships in the systems under study, as well as the dynamics of generation, use and exploitation of energy in their processes, analyzing the energy intensity, environmental pressure, the structure of existing resources and the efficiency of their use. The analysis allowed to quantify the primary renewable flows and reserves, the dynamics and effects of productive and extractive activities in the territory, as well as the different interrelationships between flows, energy efficiency and sustainability in the framework of the integration of energy, territory and development -ETD- with a systemic vision, allowing the identification of critical points for the formulation of measures, decision making and policy approaches for territorial sustainable development. Keywords: Emergy synthesis, sustainability, territory. |
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Emergy–based Environmental Accounting of the Engineering Course at a Paulista University Campus A. P. Z. Santos; A. D. Frugoli; C. M. V. B. Almeida, P. A. Frugoli, C. A. F. Lima (UNIP)
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Abstract: This study applies emergy accounting to assess an Engineering course offered in an educational building at Paulista University- UNIP. The building used by the Engineering course at Campus Indianópolis is occupied by teachers, students and staff. Energy and material flows used for construction and use of the building are evaluated. Information provided to students is also accounted. The total emergy of the building (construction and use) is 1.25 x 10e18 sej / year, where the concrete presents the most significant contribution due to to the large number of classrooms and laboratories used by the Engineering course. The second major contribution is due to the large investment in equipments, suggesting a concern of the University with an appropriate engineer training. The total emergy of the Engineering course (including information) is 5.20 x 10e19 sej (for a course with duration of five years). This value is much higher than that corresponding to the building construction, due to the high emergy of information. The emergy of the building contributes with 12.1% in the engineers training and the emergy from information received by students accounts for 87.9%. The transformity of the graduated engineer is 7.4 times higher than that of students entering the University. This increase is mainly associated to the knowledge acquired during the five years course. Keywords: Environmental accounting, emergy, university, ungineering, information [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Energetic & Environmental Framework of Biofuels Plants F. D. Soler (Siqueira Castro Advogados)
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Abstract: This article addresses the variables of energy and environmental of Biofuels Plants, especially when licensed in the State of São Paulo, with focus on the National Planning of the Electricity Sector, the National Plan of Proálcool and Agroenergy, the Bioenergy in São Paulo State Environmental and Licensing Biofuels Plants. Under the National Energy Policy are considered the studies that prioritize the long-term vision of the sector of energy and are developed by the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) and National Energy Plan 2030 (PNE-2030) and the Ten Year Plan for Expansion Electric Energy (PDEE). It is then reviewed the Proálcool, program for the production of ethanol from sugar cane that the federal government sought to encourage in the 70s, the production of alcohol in place of pure gasoline, reducing imports of oil. Recently established the National Plan of Agroenergy, which presents some challenges for ethanol such as the development of technologies sparing of inputs and the elimination or mitigation of environmental impacts. The State of São Paulo, in turn, has said and also established a goal to create a Bioenergy Plan Paulista, considering not only the issues related to national and international markets for ethanol, but also the environmental aspects as management, legal reserve, emissions weather and fire, mechanized harvesting, water consumption and carbon emissions. Finally, this article discusses the administrative procedure of environmental licensing of Biofuels Plants, giving emphasis to studies and reports on environmental impact (EIA / RIMA) of such business, and stating the main environmental variables related to licensing, such as: Public Hearing ; Strategic Ethanol Project Green and Agro-Environmental Protocol; Zoning AE, Agricultural Policy, Master Plan, Soil Use and Occupancy; Impact Assessment Neighborhood, Fauna, Flora; Permanent Preservation Area (APP); Legal Reserve (Reserve Legal); harvest of the Cana - -Sugar; Conservation Units; Compensation Environmental, Water, Waste and Wastewater; Fertirrigação System - Vinhaça, noise emission, Atmospheric Emissions, Environmental Education and Heritage Paleológos, Archaeological and Historical Monuments of Cultural Value. Keywords: Energy, environmental, licensing, biofuels plants [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Energetic-Environmental Assessment of Milk Production Systems in South of Minas Gerais State: Traditional Small Family-Managed Versus “Minas Leite” Program OLIVEIRA, M. W. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: In the state of Minas Gerais, which is considered Brazil's top milk producing state, a program named "Minas Leite" (Minas Milk) aims at increasing the productivity of small family-managed agricultural properties by introducing efficient farming management techniques. The program's goal is to reach every small family-managed producer statewide, which would probably result in a social-economical shift within the producing regions. On the other hand, such program focuses on economic and social issues, raising doubts about the actual energetic-environmental cost of its implementation. Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis regarding the energetic-environmental performance between the traditional model of small family-managed milk production and the system intensified by the Minas Leite program, both of which are representatives of the southern region of Minas Gerais state. The embodied energy analysis and the emissions inventory are taken as scientific methodologies. Results show that for the hectare/year functional unit the traditional model performs better as compared to the "Minas Leite", because it demands 295% less energy for its activities (11,454 versus 33,768 MJ/ha/yr) and releases the same percentage ratio of gas emissions to atmosphere, indicating that production intensification requires higher energetic cost and causes higher environmental loading. On the other hand, when considering the amount of milk produced as functional unit, the traditional model performed worse, because it demands 177% more embodied energy than Minas Leite system 17.40 versus 9.83 MJ/Lmilk) and has higher global warming potential (2,675 gCO2-eq./Lmilk ) compared to Minas Leite (1,508 gCO2-eq./Lmilk). Considering that milk production is the main role of the two an alyzed systems, the system intensified by the Minas Leite program has better energetic-environmental performance when compared to the traditional model. Keywords: Milk production, sustainability, embodied energy analisys, gas emissions inventory [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
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Energetic Inefficiency and Environmental Unsustainability in a Brick Making Industry in Alagoas CALDAS, S. A. (UFBA)
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Abstract: Some brick making industries in Alagoas are still using outdated technics and types of kilns. This situation was seen in an enterprise visited in the county of Matriz de Camaragibe which uses a typology of intermittent kiln, locally known as “caieira”. This paper tries to evaluate how and if the performance of this type of kiln could be seen as a model that widely wastes energetic resources. The study dimensions the losses and tries to understand how an industry could keep this equipment operating. The study faced problems, basically, in obtaining data from the operators of this type of kiln. These gaps were filled by the bibliography and data borrowed by similar cases seen in industries located in the same region. The study concluded two convergent aspects: that the losses were derived from the precarious structures of the industry itself; and that, economically and environmentally, the poor performance of the kiln is unbearable. At last, the study considers the necessity of knowledge about how is the energetic and environmental performance of the different types of kilns used by the brick making industry in Alagoas. These data could be used not only to mitigate the damages produced in the environment but, mainly, for limiting the usage of kilns by the brick making industry. That perspective can be decisive for the developing of a technology in which the bricks could be made without usage of a significant amount of heat. Keywords: kiln, brick making industry, sustainability, energetic efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Energetic Inventory in Automotive Industry MURBACH JUNIOR, E.; MANCINI, S. D. (UNESP); GIANELLI, B. F. (IFSP)
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Abstract: The constant automobile production growing in Brazil has lead the society and industries to review the concepts of product and process development, including environmental concerns. In Brazil, automotive industries develop their products using tools like Eco-Design (DfE – Design for Environmental), (DfR – Design for Recyclability), (DfD – Design for Disassembly) in a shy way. However, lean tools that reduce the production time are widely used. For environmental impact process researches Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the methodology that best adapts to this kind of approach for allowing ecological and economic feasibility studies. The main objective of this paper was to perform a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), restricted to electric power consumption, in a needle roller bearing manufacturing process. The manufacture of this roller bearing comprises 3 production steps: internal and external rings manufacturing, needle manufacturing and cage manufacturing. Considering only the power consumption of the equipment used in the roller bearing manufacturing, the rings production represents 69%, needle manufacturing 27% and cage manufacturing 4%. The heat treatment furnaces used consumes 58% of all electricity used inf the roller bearing production and should be the main focus concerning environmental impact reduction. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Inventory, automotive industry, Roller bearings [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Energy Analysis of the Productive Life Cycle of the MDP Wood-Based panel In Brazil SILVA, D. A. L.; VARANDA, L. D.; ROCCO LAHR, F. A. (USP)
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Abstract: This paper presents a life cycle study of the MDP (medium density particleboard) produced in Brazil. This study considers an energy analysis of the cradle to gate life cycle of the product, divided into two subsystems: forest production and industrial production. For this, it was assumed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique, normalized by ISO 14040 and 14044 documents, and applying the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) method, that computes the total primary energy used throughout the life cycle. According to results, it was checked that the industrial production subsystem was responsible for the major consumption and losses of energy, wi th 87.0% of the total life cycle energy consumption, and 96.4% of all energy losses. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency use, the industrial production subsystem showed inferior results, with 79.8%, while the for est production subsystem showed 95.0% of efficiency. In this sense, we proposed some improvement opportunities focused on the industrial production subsystem, considering some possibilities of optimization of energy use. We suggested the utilization of wooden residues generated during industrial manufacturing of MDP as an energy resource. This residue could be applied on cogeneration systems, to reduce electricity demand, and also reducing demand for fossil fuels used at energy matrix from industrial production subsystem. Keywords: Forest biomass, MDP wood-based panel, life cycle assessment, energy balance. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
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Energy Audits: Ecological Sustainable Research Center VELAZQUEZ, L.E.; MUNGUIA, N. E.; HERRERA, J.; ESQUER, J.; ZEPEDA, D.(UNISON - Mexico)
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Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the obstacles to carry out the conduction of an Energy Audit in the Ecological Center of the State of Sonora with the final purpose of increasing the energy efficiency in its facilities. It is called Energy Efficiency (EE) when a reduction is achieved in the amount of electric power and fuels that are used without affecting quality (ACEE, 2017); to achieve EE, it is necessary to promote actions where technological innovation projects are linked (Huitron, 2017) because this type of technology leads to the reduction of energy consumption in order to regulate energy intensity (EI) (Factor Energia, 2017). EI is a relevant development factor to achieve an improvement in energy efficiency (World Energy Council, 2010), and this improvement is achieved through the reduction of energy consuming activities, as well as being more efficient in the use of it energy (Mendiluce and Linares, 2010). Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Energy Audits, Energy Intensity |
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Energy Consumption vs. Investiments on Electric Sector: A Case Study on Eletrobrás-PI OLIVEIRA, J.C . (Faculdade Santo Agostinho/UNIP); IBIAPINO, T. R. (Faculdade Santo Agostinho); MOURA, L. S. (UNINOVAFAPI), COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP)
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Abstract: This paper aims to study the evolution of energy consumption in the State of Piauí in relation to investments in renewable energy. Therefore, a bibliographic review was performed to collect the main data. The results show that in the period there was a considerable increase in the consumption of electric energy and few investments in the generation of renewable energy for the State. It was also observed that despite Piauí's potential in clean energy sources, investments continue to grow, giving Piauí a prominent role in the production of renewable energy. Keywords: electricity, energy consumption, renewable energy |
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Energy Efficiency Assessment of the Brazilian Pre-Salt Petroleum CLASEN, A. P.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
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Abstract: The recent discoveries of petroleum storages located at Brazilian coast could push Brazil as an important player in the world energy sector. A large volume offshore petroleum reservoir was found close to Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States; this reservoir is located in deep seawater (8km) after the pre-salt layer. Among others, due to all technological, economic, energetic, environmental and political issues regarding the extraction of this pre-salt petroleum creates challenges at the same time put uncertainties on the potential benefits obtained after its extraction. Focusing on energy issues, the large demand of materials and energy needed to extract the pre-salt petroleum raises doubts about its real energy benefit provided to society. This work assess the energy efficiency of petroleum extracted from the Brazilian pre-salt layer. Results shown an Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of 17.5; this indicates that for 1 Joule of fossil fuel invested on the pre-salt petroleum extraction would provide an average of 17.5 Joules of fossil fuel. This number points out a positive performance for the Brazilian pre-salt petroleum, which is similar to other systems as found in scientific literature; for instance, oil and gas production in China and Canada in 2010 with an EROI of 10 and 15 respectively, and a value from 0.8 to 10 to the ethanol from sugarcane. Keywords: Embodied energy, EROI, Petroleum, Pre-salt layer |
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Energy Efficiency Based on Cleaner Production Approach on an A/C System within a Wire Harness Industry in the State Of Sonora ESQUER, J.; JUAREZ, B.; ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
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Abstract: This paper shows relevant results on a study conducted into a wire harness industry in the city of Hermosillo,
Sonora, about Energy Efficiency into air conditioning (A/C) system.
The adaptation of the manual from the UN Programme Environment (UNEP) for a cleaner production program with a focus on efficient use of electricity was
used as a guide for the study.
Several options were generated in order to reduce consumption with different solution plans. A compilation of
technical data of the equipment used was necessary, thus making crucial the characterization of the electrical
energy consumption in the production area in KWH and how the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent would be
reduced by the implementation for each of these by taking into consideration the investment and savings plans, leaving top management the decisions for their potential implementation. |
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Energy Efficiency in Maquiladoras of Electronic Components: A Cleaner Production Approach VELAZQUEZ, L.; ESQUER, J.; GARCIA, R.; VARGAS, N.; VELDERRAIN, R. (UNISON)
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Abstract: Estimates by the International Energy Agency show that the world’s demand for energy will increase 1.6% annually until 2030; this is mostly due to the rapid growth in the economies of developing countries. Currently, almost two thirds of the world’s energy resources are used in production lines; therefore, not only is energy management an operational and administrative priority for entrepreneurs, but has also become a matter of public and governmental concern. Given the fact that the manufacturing industry is a powerful energy consumer, energy efficiency has become a key element to maintaining competitiveness and core advantages, since not only it does contribute to cut costs and reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG), but it also aids maquiladoras in their efforts to build an image of prestige and repute in the eyes of the competitors, the employees and other stakeholders. It also helps them developing strong policies to grow as a socially responsible company and paves the way to true sustainable development. Despite the obvious economic and social benefits that efficient energy management means for companies and entrepreneurs, the manufacturing industry in developing countries still lacks strong energy policies. It is usually the international corporation that adopts and adapts energy conservation measures in host countries; if only as an extension of similarly built management techniquesused by the parent company in the countries of origin. Energy audits in Mexican maquiladoras have shown diverse results, this is mostly due to lax regulations and lack of rigor in compliance, poor employee training and significant differences in infrastructure and in the size of the plants. Nonetheless, opportunities for improvements have been identified in all maquiladoras audited and could, potentially, greatly reduce energy costs and GHS emissions. Keywords: Energy audits, maquiladora, energy efficiency, energy management systems, cleaner production
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Energy Efficiency; A Step Towards Cleaner Production. An Integrative Case Study of the Meat Processing Industry in Hermosillo, Sonora MUNGUIA, N. E.; POOM, T. G.; VELAQUEZ, L.; ESQUER. J. (UNISON, Mexico)
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Abstract: The efficient use of resources within industrial systems is a key aspect to consider in order to achieve sustainability, this perspective leads to the necessity to integrate production practices that incorporate economical, ecological and social perspectives limiting the negative impact of industries toward the environment (Blenginin and Shields, 2011). In matters of resource efficiency, energy to empower production processes is now a priority, correspondingly, there is a relevance on the reduction of the use of energy and its negative impacts towards the environment such as carbon emissions. Therefore the intersection of cleaner production and energy efficiency is reinforced as a more integrative approach to achieve sustainability (UNEP, 2004). This work shows the results of the application of energy efficiency audit with the objective to reduce the negative impacts to the environments due the operation of a meat processing industry. In order to increase efficiency and upgrade its competitiveness. Keywords: Energy efficiency, cleaner production |
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Energy Efficiency Management J. M. A. Godoi; S. Oliveira Junior (USP)
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Abstract: Starting from the evidence that, in their forms of natural resources extraction, transformation, transportation, storage and energy use, the energy systems interfere in socio-environmental sustainability components, this work establishes the direct and irrevocable correspondence between kilowatt-hour (kWh) or tons of oil equivalent (toe) produced units, which their equivalent pollution emissions, like tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2), nitrogen oxides (tNOx), etc, or human contingents that have to leave their habitat to hydroelectrical plants, etc. In front of this absolute certainty and the high industry energy demand, it’s revealed the crucial necessity of the industrial systems for sistematic energy efficiency programs. This article also demonstrates that, in its activities of planning, production and treatment of final products and waste (of increasing entropy) and in its high level activities, as research and development of new tecnologies, processes, materials and products whose result in best efficiency of resources, the Cleaner Production has connection with the energy and with the energy efficiency. Keywords: Cleaner production, energy efficiency, energy efficiency management | ||