Event Numbers |
895 Papers |
903 Abstracts |
8 Technical Reports |
8 Proceedings |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
A - B |
|||
A Comparative Survey among Emergy Indices and More Usual Sustainability Indexes P. A. Frugoli, A. P. Z. dos Santos, A. D. Frugoli (UNIP)
|
Abstract:The search for sustainability and the growing concern about the environmental degradation attract more and more researchers from all over the world, therefore, there is the need of development of indexes that include the economy, society and environment. This study applies the emergy synthesis with the aim of determine its indexes and compare them with well known indexes obtained from the literature. The natural resources flows (renewable and non renewable) and the resources from the economy of the countries are evaluated for the calculation of emergy indexes. Correlations were made between the calculated indexes with the well known indexes taken from the literature. The best correlation results were obtained between the Human Development Index and the Ecological Footprint (HDIxEF) and between the Surplus Biocapacity Index and the Environmental Sustainability Indice (SB x ESI). Keywords:Emergy synthesis, indexes, sustainability, countries. |
||
A Cleaner Production Process of Sodium Dichromate Via Pressure Oxidative Leaching of Chromite XU H. B.; SHI Y. L.; ZHANG H. L.; CHENG X. C.; PEI L. L.; LIU J. W.; QING P. H.; TIAN Y.; CAI. Z. H.; ZHANG Y. (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
|
Abstract: Chromium compounds are important basic chemicals and find application in various industrial fields. The environmental problems resulted from the traditional production process of sodium dichromate have spawned worldwide public concerns. With a design objective to eliminate pollution at the source, a cleaner production process of sodium dichromate was developed, and the cleaner process has successfully achieved higher resource utilization efficiency and zero emission of the chromium-containing residue. In the cleaner process, the conversion from chromite ore to sodium dichromate includes four steps: (1) the pressure oxidative leaching of chromite ore with concentrated NaOH solution; (2) the extraction of NaOH with CH3OH from the solid mixture of chromite ore leaching residues (COPRs) and sodium chromate crystal; (3) the distillation and recovery of CH3OH from aqueous concentrated NaOH solution; and (4) the manufacturing of sodium dichromate from the COPR containing sodium chromate crystal. It was found that, under the optimal conditions, the chemical conversion ratio of trivalent chromium in chromite through Step (1) can be up to 95% or higher, the trivalent chromium content in COPRs is below 1.2% by weight (counted as Cr2O3), and the hexavalent chromium content in COPRs is even lower than 0.1% by weight (counted as Cr+6). In Steps (2) and (3), the recovery efficiencies of NaOH and CH3OH are as high as 96% and 98%, respectively. Especially, the final emission amount of COPRs is only 750 kilograms per ton of sodium dichromate product, much lower than that in the traditional soda-ash roasting process and no higher than that in the calciumfree roasting process. Based on the cleaner process, a demonstrative pilot plant with an annual capability of 5000 tons of sodium dichromate is to be built up in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, China. The cleaner process has exhibited a promising prospect in the industrial production of sodium dichromate. Keywords: chromite, pressure leaching, sodium dichromate, extraction, CH3OH |
||
A Lean & Green Model for a Value Stream PAMPANELLI, A. B. (GKN Driveline Americas)
|
Abstract: Following the paper “A Lean & Green Model for a production cell”, published by Journal of Cleaner Production in December, 2014 (Pampanelli et al., 2014), the main objective of this paper is to propose the extension of the Lean & Green Model for the second level of flow, the Lean & Green Business Model (L&GBM) for a value stream (VS), understanding its main characteristics and differences. Studies developed confirmed that traditional VS thinking (divided by product families) is not applicable for solving with environmental problems in a manufacturing environment. Following this finding, theL&GBM for second level flow was developed and tested in a single multinational engineering company, including the results of the model application at the value stream level. Such findings confirm that the Lean & Green Model can reduce resources use in a VS level from 2 to 40% and save R$ 1,5Mi. Keywords: Lean, Lean and Green, Kaizen, Value Stream |
||
A Multidisciplinary Approach Towards the Introduction of Cleaner Production in Higher Education Curricula: A Case Study from TEC de Costa Rica ROA-GUTIERREZ, F.; ARIAS, A. L.; CHAVES ABARCA, R.; JAUBERT-SOLANO, W.; ROBLES OBANDO, N.; VALERIO-VINDAS, J. J. (Costa Rica Technological Institute, Costa Rica); ASHTON, W. S.; HURTADO-MARTIN, M. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
|
Abstract: During the execution of the project “Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas through the integration of Business, Engineering and Environmental Education”, the Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica(ITCR) established a multidisciplinary team including 6 professors from 4 departments (Environmental Engineering, Industrial Production Engineering, AgriBusiness, and Business Administration). Some courses ofthe above mentioned careerprograms originally included contents covering principles and concepts from Cleaner Production (CP) from a specific field perspective disregarding a multi and transdisciplinary approach of the CP. The academic profiles in terms of capacities and competences were analyzed to evolve towards a multidisciplinary approach by converging different professional capacities to achieve an improved implementation of CP in industries through a practicum. Presently, a pilot plan is being carried out using a multidisciplinary team of 6 advanced student from different programs. The methodology proposed includes short training in CP principles and concepts, data collection through visits to industries,data analysis in group sessions, improvement opportunities identification, and financial analysis. The recruitment of students for the pilot plan was carried out under voluntary and extracurricular terms, and supervised by the professors contributing in the Pathways project. The pilot plan will work with agrochemical formulation and distribution businesses located in Cartago. It is foreseen that in the near future, the methodology of CP implementation described in this paper could be formalized as an alternative modality to fulfill the professional practice required for most of ITCR programs. It is expected that the students would not only improve their CP knowledge and professional profile but also team work capacity. This paper presents the results of the project as a case study for ITCR. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Multidisciplinary Education, Higher Education |
||
A Multi-Sectorial Analysis of a Waste to Energy Plant CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila, Italy)
|
Abstract: Currently waste management is a critical issue for several countries. Separate collection and recycling activities are growing; Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Austria and Denmark have drastically reduced the use of the landfill while Italy, United Kingdom and Spain give half of their waste to landfill. Real case studies and scientific papers have demonstrated the benefits of the waste to energy (WTE) facilities compared to the traditional incinerators. Typologies of waste suitable for the energy recovery are: unsorted waste, dry fraction from mechanical biological treatment, refuse-derived fuels (RDF) and also some special waste (e.g. medical). To focus on waste management in Italy, this study uses a multi-sectorial analysis for a region, Abruzzo, reporting a high rate of landfilling. Plant dimensioning, comparison between WTE strategies, centralized or decentralized solution, location of plant are proposed and economic, environmental, financial and social analysis verify the sustainability of the suggested solution. The outcomes deriving from the present research could be extended in developing countries where ever-increasing amounts of solid waste accompany rapid economic and population growth. Relevant is the municipalities ability to sustainably manage it all and solutions to these problems may be found in the results of the present research. Keywords: quantitative analysis, sensitivity analysis, sustainability, waste to energy, multi-sectorial analysis |
||
A Phenomenologically Based Airline Model of a 2 MW Gas Engine VALENCIA, G. E. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); CONSUEGRA, F. E. (Universidade del Norte); OSORIO, M. (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Colombia)
|
Abstract: With the continuous advance and technological growth of society, the demand for energy has increased, more specifically the consumption of electrical power. This has led to the development of renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar energy. Despite their numerous advantages, such as environmental and economic benefits, at an industrial level, higher reliability and generating capacity energy sources are preferred. Because of this, nowadays many industrial sectors prefer fossil fuel-based energy generation, frequently using turbines and internal combustion engines as a primary energy source. The choice of one or other primary energy generation option depends on how variable the electricity demand is, as it causes continuous change in generator load. If a constant energy demand and economic feasibility study are required, a gas turbine can be chosen, despite having lower thermal efficiency than internal combustion engines. Otherwise, an engine is a better choice whether operating on diesel or natural gas as a fuel, because its high robustness allows it to adapt better to variable load rates. Considering the above, it is not surprising that in Colombia, a high percentage of industries uses generation engines to self-generate a part of its electric consumption. Considering that, usually, these generation engines must supply electrical power to industrial plants in a 24-7 regime, it is not feasible to keep them out of operation, neither in unexpected operation regimes for long periods of time. This, together with the manufacturer's restrictions and the laborious nature of making changes within the processing and control unit of an equipment, make it necessary to carry out a simulation of the system with its respective results, which can be transferred to the real system later. Therefore, the generator-engine assembly has been defined as a set of process systems, where the operational behavior of the equipment can be simulated using mathematical equations, obtaining a phenomenologically based semi-physical model that can be used to perform experiments in simulations. Finally, this work focuses on the implementation of the methodology for combining phenomenologically based semiphysical models to obtain a dynamic of the air line of a 2 MW Jenbacher natural gas internal combustion engine, focusing on modeling of mean values that involves the study of some engine parameters such as the intake manifold temperature and pressure, the mass flow through the throttle and turbo-bypass valve in the engine, the electric power and the gas emission. Keywords: Mean Value Model, Gas Engine, Phenomenological Semiphysical model |
||
A Profitability Analysis of Small-Scale Biomethane Plants CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University of Rome Tor Vergata - Italy)
|
Abstract: European countries aim to achieve a more competitive, safe and sustainable energy system. Biomethane is a promising renewable energy carrier and the main point of strength is its flexibility. In fact, this resource can be injected directly into the public gas grid, or can be converted into electricity and heat in cogeneration units, or can be used in the transport sector as vehicle fuel. Literature analysis highlights as the role of subsidies is strategic to develop the biomethane production and countries, as Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Netherlands, have registered a significant growth in the last years. This paper proposes a mathematical and economic model useful to evaluate the profitability of biomethane injected into the gas grid. The indicators used are Net Present Value and Discounted Payback Time. The baseline scenario analyses three different small-scale sizes (50 m3/h, 100 m3/h and 150 m3/h) concerning two typologies of substrates (municipal solid waste msw and a mixture of maize and manure residues). A sensitivity analysis on the main critical variables (subsidies, investment costs of biogas production, transport costs of substrates and percentage of maintenance and overhead costs in biogas production) is conducted. The profitability of biomethane, also for small-scale plants and when are recovered a wide range of waste, can contribute to develop the circular economy and consequently, it plays a role in a sustainable future. Keywords: biomethane, economic analysis, small-scale plants, subsidies, sustainability |
||
A Reflection on Product Development Oriented for Green Supply Chain Management CANCIGLIERI JR., O. (PUC-PR); RECHE, A. Y. U. (PUC-PR/SENAI)
|
Abstract: The product development process is an activity that that need integration with the supply chain: suppliers, manufacturers and customers. The objective of this article is to analyze publications about the subject product development and green supply chain. For the literature review, it was searched for the concepts of product development process, product development stages, suppliers and customers integration in product development, supply chain business processes, supply chain management, green supply chain management, sustainable supply chain management and triple bottom line. Methodology: A bibliographical survey was conducted in Capes database, covering the articles published in scientific journals up to 2016. Results: The topic of product development oriented to the green supply chain management still does not have a consensus, being treated with a broad approach. Keywords: product development, supply chain management, green supply chain management, triple bottom line [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
A Reflection on the Product Development Process Integrated with Sustainability TEIXEIRA, G. F. G.; CANCIGLIERI JR., O. (PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: The academic debate on sustainability plays a significant growth in several segments. Among these, there is the debate on integrating sustainability into the Product Development Process (PDP). Thus, the present study aims to identify which are the connecting elements between these two areas of knowledge. The work was carried out through a systematic bibliographic research and resulted in 14,891 searches, of which 101 were classified. The research covered the studies published in the period from 2006 to 2016. Finally, the research result describes that the dedication to the study is relevant. Study on the integration of sustainability into the product development process, based on the need for further studies in this field and also for its constant growth, thus proving to be an area with opportunities for future research. Keywords: Sustainability, Product Development Process (PDP), Systematic Bibliographic Research |
||
A Research on the Awareness Toward Sustainable Production Aspects A. R. Sacomano, P. L. O. Costa Neto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In this paper it is present part of a broader research named “Social Responsibility as an Element do Sustainability, Quality of Products and Services and Quality of Life”, part which deals with the awareness on sustainable production of entities related to the subject and professionals classified in lawyers and others. By selecting the mentioned part of the broader research, this one carried on during a master degree work, the authors aim to show points of Brazilian reality related to this awareness, in order to indicate its progresses and omissions with respect to the thought on social responsibility and sustainability, so wishing to contribute for the adoption of propositions able to improve this degree of awareness in Brazil, including a better commitment of the legal professionals. Keywords: Sustainability, social responsibility, lawyers, awareness, quality of life
|
||
A Short-Cut Model for Predicting Biomethane Avaliability after Biogas Upgrading JOPPERT, C. L.; PERECIN, D.; COELHO, S. T.; CAMACHO, J. L. P. (USP)
|
Abstract: Biomethane figures with increasing importance in the bioenergy sector. As a renewable energy source that promotes waste recovery and GHG (greenhouse gases) reduction, biomethane use aligns with cleaner production principles. However, many of the final uses to biomethane require an upgrading and cleaning process, to remove contaminants such as H2S and CO2. Facing the great amount of technological options to promote biogas upgrading and cleaning up to this date, it might be a rather challenging task to have a first estimate of biomethane availability required for a conceptual project level. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to propose a short-cut, mass balance-based model to predict biomethane availability after promoting a biogas cleaning and upgrading process regardless of the source of organic feedstock or the choice of the cleaning technology. The model development results into interesting dimensionless parameters, such as the gas contamination factors. Relevant parameters regarding biomethane use, such as its LHV and Wobbe index are also adapted to this model. The correlation with data from literature shows that the model has a satisfactory prediction when methane losses in the upgrading process are less than 3%. Keywords: Biogas, Biomethane, Upgrading, Availability, Shortcut |
||
A Study on the use of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) in Environmental Management Systems (EMS) D. M. Heinzen (IFSC), L. M. S. Campos e P. A. C. Miguel (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Environment issues have gained greater evidence on the corporate agenda nowadays. The view that pollution is only one undesirable consequence is no longer endorsed by organizations, bringing up the importance of managing their environmental issues. Facing this challenge, one of the actions taken by the companies has been the implementation and certification of an environmental management system (EMS). In this sense, the aim of this paper is to present a set of environmental performance measures used to manage the EMS and that can contribute to the effectiveness of ISO 14001 system. This research is exploratory and descriptive, conducted through a survey. Data was collected by an instrument sent to ISO 14001 certified companies in the Santa Catarina State in Brazil. The target companies were from various economic sectors. The target population consisted of 73 organizations and accessible population resulted in 62 companies. From those, 39 companies participated in the survey. The results show the characteristics of respondents and the most used environmental performance mesures according to the requirements of the standard. Findings have shown that companies mostly adopt environmental performance mesures more directly associated with the legal requirements (legal and other requirements, preparation and emergency response, evaluation of legal and other requirements and environmental aspects). In addition, the following economic sectors that "always" and/or "often" used most measures are: Pulp and Paper/Furniture/Wood, Textiles, Metals and Electrical/Electrical and Electronic. Keywords: Environmental performance indicators, EPI, environmental management systems, EMS, ISO 14001. |
||
A Survey about Multi-Objective Optimization for Green Vehicle Routing Problems FERREIRA, J. C.; STEINER, M. T. A.; CANCIGLIERI JR, O. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article presents a survey about multi-objective optimization for green vehicle routing problems (MOOGVRP), that is, with environmental considerations. It makes use of a taxonomy that divides the MOOGVRP in: Green VRP, Pollution Routing Problem (PRP) and VRP in Reverse Logistics (VRPRL). The goal of the present paper is to detect the gaps in the literature that make possible some advances related to MOOGVRP. For this, this research approaches, briefly, the following topics: bibliometric data; taxonomy; main variations of the VRP used; proposed objective functions; number of objectives; solution procedures; main softwares and languages for implementation; the most cited works of the sample and their approaches. Keywords: Survey; Green Vehicle Routing Problem; Pollution Routing Problem; Vehicle Routing Problem in Reverse Logistic; Multi-objective Optimization. |
||
Absence of the Impact of the Loss of Biodiversity in LCA Studies of Sustainable Construction: Unfamiliarity or Leniency? PIMENTEL, D. L. C. S.; SALLES, M. T. (UFF)
|
Abstract: Fundamental part of the LCA methodology, the definition of environmental impact categories does not usually incorporate in studies related to constructive sustainability, biodiversity loss. Among the reasons, it can superficially suppose a few reasons: the complexity of the issue, the difficulty of valuation, the anthropocentric view of society, ignorance of the importance of ecosystem services for the maintenance of the balance of the planet, among others. This paper recognizes the complexity of the issue and understands that there is no way to ignore the responsibilities of the Brazilian construction sector by the large participation in the deterioration of the natural environment framework. In this sense, using the exploratory research, seeks to deepen another possible cause: the lack of experts in sustainable buildings. Keywords: Biodiversity, Sustainable Building, LCA, Environmental Impact |
||
Accounting Contributions in Emergy for the National Solid Waste Policy C. A. Di Agustini (FGV); L. P. Vendrametto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The current Brazilian Bill for Solid Waste will impact 5564 Brazilian municipalities, which need to be mobilized to adopt policies and actions for waste treatment in accordance with the Act. The project may empower millions of businesses and individuals, because in case of damage involving solid waste responsibility for the implementation of corrective measures, they will be charged from the causer of the damage, jointly with its generator. Product life cycle, environmentally appropriate final destination, and flow of solid waste integrated management are objects of this Project Act. It presents the accounting in emergy as an alternative to consistently assess the impacts of solid waste on the biosphere, because its amplitude goes beyond the frontiers of economic and production systems (extraction, production, use and disposal), breaking into the environment of ecosystems. It also presents some experiences with this methodology as a tool to support integrated management of solid wastes, establishing performance indicators and assessment of environmental impacts. Mankind has walked to the degradation of the natural environment, and needs to decide whether “homo sapiens” will pollute the natural resources with enormous damage to the biosphere, or manage the waste in an integrated manner with the ecosystems in order to keep them sustainable. The accounting in emergy is an important step to assess the ability of Earth to sustain our species.
Keywords: Solid waste, legislation, life cycle, emergy, indicators of sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
ACS Summer School in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Energy: Fomenting Awareness and Creativity for Innovative Chemistry FLORÊNCIO, T. M.; MALPASS, G. R. P. (UFTM)
|
Abstract: The concept and applications of Green Chemistry are not a novelty in countries with a well-established chemical industry and universities. Since awareness about su stainability and environment is increasing exponent ially, investment in education and in academic areas is viable not only to foment research and development in side the scientific community but also to provide an exchang e of ideas potentially applicable to achieve the go als implicit in the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. Remarkab ly, the American Chemical Society has been committed to Sustainable Energy and Green Chemistry since 2003, with an initiative of holding a series of meetings as Summer Schools gathering graduate students and postdocs in volved with R&D in the areas of environment, green chemistry and sustainability with sponsorship of va rious oundations resulting in no cost for the acce pted applicants. The Summer School happens every year and offers in one week lectures, applied exercises and interactive activities, enabling networking between representatives of industries, researchers and the students themselves. Even though applications are only accep ted from students of the Americas, students from nationalities of all around the world who study in the Americas have attended the ACS Summer School. Keywords: Green chemistry, sustainability, sustainable energy, education. |
||
Action of Chemical Leasing in Production Processes aimed at Sustainability BARROS, M. J. (UNIMEP/IFPR), OLIVEIRA, M. C.; GONÇALES FILHO, M. (UNIMEP)
|
Abstract: The Chemical Leasing is a model geared to the activities of buying and selling of chemicals, where the manufacturer seeks to develop productivity, through the efficient use of chemicals and the interest of the parties involved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the proposal of chemical leasing as a more sustainable alternative of the manufactures and consumers of chemical in its manufacturing process. The attention turns to acceptance of a partnership model between manufacturer and consumer of chemicals attention turns to acceptance of a partnership model between manufacturer and consumer of chemicals with the provision of chemical solution service, consisting of orientation, process optimization and rationalization of usage, that shifts the focus from the increase in sales volume, to a value-added approach aiming to achieve sustainability. The approach used was the exploratory study designed from already published material. To the relationship between the traditional models oriented to sales volume, and the products and services-oriented model. The contribution is in possibly point out that companies using management model aimed at the sharing of responsibilities in the interests of sustainability, can expect a reduction of costs compared to traditional systems, and that this format of shared management saves natural resources. And so, possibly reducing the quantities of chemicals, which can have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainability, Chemical Leasing, Industry, Green Chemistry. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Additional Step in PET Recyling to Enhance Properties S. D. Mancini; J. A. S. Schwartzman; A. R. Nogueira; D. A. Kagohara (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Poly (ethylene terephthalate) –PET- recycling usually involves grinding, washing, drying and reprocessing. This study presents the results of an extra step in PET recycling: a chemical washing after the conventional one, aiming the production of more valuable recycled polymers. Oil PET bottles flakes were washed only with water and then submitted to reaction with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 5M at 90oC for 10 minutes (chemical washing). After rinsing and drying, the flakes were characterized by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis tests. The results indicated a higher purity of the chemical washed material in comparison with PET washed only with water: 99,3% and 96,7%, respectively. Keywords: Recycling, PET, washing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Adequacy of the Food Complex of the Goiás Engineering Club to Cleaner Production MELVIN, I. B.; MARENGÃO, M.; AVELAR, G.; PASQUALETTO, A.; MURO JR., A. (IFG)
|
Abstract: Operating with the technologies of Cleaner Production, it has been undertaken an analysis of the production processes of the food complex of the Engineering Club of Goiás (CENG), located in Goiânia, Brazil, in order to indicate the parts of the productive sector that potentially cause environmental and economic impacts. It was adopted a quantification methodology for the food residues generated by the kitchen in a midweek day and a weekend, from preparation and consumption of meals and use of disposable cups and charcoal. After the analysis, alternatives were proposed to optimize the processes, minimizing the problems found, so as to combine economic advantages with ecological advantages, suggesting practices of Cleaner Production associated with Environmental Education. The results showed the need for the adequation of the club’s food complex and implantation of Cleaner Production, once it has as its principles the application of Environmental Education, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development. With the demonstration of the viability of projects like this, many productive sectors that do not deal with sustainability for considering it inapplicable will recognize the importance of applying the concept in their services, in addition to using the necessary techniques and tools to adapt themselves into Cleaner Production. By this means, measures are implemented in order to improve the food processing in a sustainable manner and to raise awareness among the community and the employees involved. Furthermore, it is concluded that the productive activity in restaurants, kitchens and cafeterias has potential to implement sustainable practices, using the Cleaner Production program. Keywords: Cleaner Production; Sustainability, Restaurants, Kitchen, Food Residues [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Adequacy to environmental law and to economic production: a study of Missal municipality (PR) - 2005-2007 F. L. S. Campos; P. G. S. C. M. Gomes (Faculdade Anglo-Americana-PR); D. Mondardo; K. S. Fernandes; L. B. dos Santos (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The occupation of Brazilian territory has always been accomplished without planning, causing great damage to the environment. This study intends to compare the economical losses with the adaptation to the environmental legislation (Brazilian Law 4.771, of 15/09/1965), of economic activities performed in the municipal district of Missal (PR), in the period of 2005-2007, with the earnings of the environmental improvement and the "sale" of CO2 quotas. After visits to the studied area, use of GPS and economical calculations and adaptation, it could be concluded that the environmental and economical earnings are larger than the costs associated to the environmental handling. Keywords: Environmental legislation, economic production, Missal |
||
Adsorption of Acid Orange 8 from Aqueous Solution onto Zeolites Synthesized from Coal Fly Ashes Modified by Surfactant BERTOLINI, T. C. R.; MAGDALENA, C. P.; IZIDORO, J. C.; CUNICO, P.; FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN-CENEN/SP)
|
Abstract: The adsorption of Acid Orange 8 (AL8) over zeolites from coal fly ashes modified by surfactant was evaluated. The coal ashes used in the synthesis of zeolite (ZCC) by alkaline hydrothermal treatment were collected in thermal power plants Jorge Lacerda (SC) and Figueira (PR). The modification of zeolites was performed by mixing ZCC with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide a nd the materials obtained were modified zeolite Jorge Lacerda (ZMJ) and modified zeolite Figueira (ZMF). The dye adsorption equilibrium was reached after 90 min for ZMF and ZMJ. The experimental data were best fitted to the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order for both adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was described in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and Freundlich model was the most compatible with the experimental data for ZMJ and ZMF. The maximum adsorption capacities were 5.29 mg g-1 for the AL8/ZMJ and 1.79 mg g-1 for the AL8/ZMF. Keywords: zeolite; coal fly ashes; modified zeolites; acid dye; adsorption. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 Dye From Aqueous Solution By Coal Fly Ash P. Cunico; C. P. Magdalena; T. E. M. Carvalho; D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CENEN - São Paulo)
|
Abstract: The fly ash (CC6), a waste generated in a coal-fired electric power generation, was used as adsorbent to remove Reactive Black 5 (RP 5) dye from aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time was investigated on the adsorption process. The amounts adsorbed at equilibrium were measured. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested for their applicability. The isotherm adsorption data fit accordingly to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.58 mg/g. The experimental results showed a high percentage removal of 44 to 91% for CC6. The high percentage removal of RB 5 dye onto fly ashes revealed that these materials could potentially be used as adsorbents in the reactive dye removal from textile wastewater. Keywords: Adsorbent, dye, fly ash, reactive black 5 [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solution by Surfactant Modificed Zeolite from Coal Bottom Ash ALCÂNTARA, R. R., IZIDORO, J. C., FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN - CNEN/SP)
|
Abstract: Zeolitic material synthesized from coal bottom ash was modified by surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Surfactant modified zeolite (ZMSPB) was used as alternative low cost adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption equilibration was attained after 40 min of the contact time. The adsorption kinetics was tested for models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich. The adsorption isotherm was analyzed using non-linear equations of the model Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and the criterion of best fit was evaluated using error functions. The obtained adsorption data were better described by the D-R model. The results showed that ZMSPB is a good adsorbent for the removal of RB from aqueous effluent. Keywords: Zeolite, Adsorption, Rhodamine B, Coal bottom ash. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Advantages of Cleaner Production Implementation O. D. Perretti; N. Palmeri; G. Oliveira Neto; R. Kronig; O. Vendrametto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The increasing ecological awareness, ambient preservation, social justice and concern with the future generations are directly related to the sustainable development of the companies. This paper approaches the concept of Cleaner Production organized for activities of production and the positive effect to the environment. Through examples of improvement on packings, applied in a big multinational company installed in Brazil and in a small national industry, it is shown the search for the improvement in its processes and the phases of the production cycle that can adjust the environmentally acceptable criteria. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Aggregating the Environmental Benefits and Economic Benefits: A case study with application of CP K. Faccin (UCS); T. Benvenuti (UERGS); D. Maffessoni (UERGS); J. M. Rocha (UNIPAMPA)
|
Abstract: The new economic context, based on fierce competition in the quest for market leadership, coupled with the rigid posture of customers, focused on the expectation to interact with organizations that are ethical, with good corporate image in the market and act in environmentally responsible, makes that companies seek to increase efficiency in the use of raw materials, water and energy through the non-generation, minimization or recycling of waste and emissions generated, bringing environmental benefits, occupational health and economic. This article describes the implementation of a program for cleaner production (P + L) in a typical metalworking firm, located in the cluster's production serra gaúcha. The methods used were the single case study and action research. We used several sources of data such as: documents, index, written reports and spreadsheets used by the company. This study aimed to contribute to the clarification of this issue, considered in the emerging globalized world. We tried to also provide information that could help with the learning of other organizations that are in this same context, and emphasize the benefits of P + L for businesses. With the implementation of cleaner production methodology of the company significantly reduced the generation of waste and the costs associated with them. It also reduced costs to the consumption of raw materials. With minimum investment return in that small space of time could accumulate economic and environmental benefits. Keywords: Cleaner Production. productive efficiency. economic benefits, environmental benefits [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Agricultural Landscape Change and Land Footprint: The Case Study of Sardinia, Italy LOMBARDI, G.V. (University of Florence - Italy); ATZORI, R. (Uniser - Italy); COCCO, A. (University of Cagliari - Italy)
|
Abstract: Urban population growth has triggered a process of change in rural areas and landscape patterns. This transformation has a twofold consequence. On one hand, land conversion causes loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction (Deng et al., 2017). On the other hand, higher levels of food demand, together with the reduction of available land, endanger the capability of supplying food at local level. The local food systems and food security is increasingly dependent by trade and transport costs. Local food system conservation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the pursuit of sustainable and bio based economy perspective. Land food footprint is a significant tool in assessing food self-sufficiency, land displacement and thus food system sustainability. In this paper we analyse the evolution of land food footprint and landscape diversity in Sardinia over the period 1970-2010 to assess the impact of land use change and food systems evolution. Time series show a decrease in landscape diversity and greater degrees of few landscape elements dominance, agricultural specialization and declining selfsufficiency. In summary, these results show that diversified and traditional crops have been replaced by specialised, less labour-intensive crops and that the local food system is integrated by food imports, resulting in land unbalance (land displacement), in landscape features simplification and in rural settlements abandon. Keywords: Land food footprint; Landscape diversity; Food planning; Landscape quantitative analysis; Land use. |
||
Air Pollution Emissions Trade of State of São Paulo A. F. P. Pedro; S. P. Nogueira; F. D. Soler (Pedro Pinheiro Advogados)
|
Abstract: The necessity of compatible economic-social development with a minimization of the increasing effects of pollution levels, and the degradation of air quality took the Estate of São Paulo to publish Decrees number 48.523/04 and number 50.753/06, “Decrees of Aerial Basin”. Those norms conjugate instruments of command and economic control for environment management of emissions, relying on the strength of the market to change the behavior of the industrious. In this way, the Atmospheric Emission Reduction Units (CEAR’s) arise, as a tool of market that aims to ensure economic and environment efficiency for the control of air pollution, stimulating new sources to pay for the “right of polluting” and the existing sources to invest in new and clean technologies to generate credits that can be sold. After that, it was necessary to create the Paulista Market of Atmospheric Emission (MPEA), aim of this study, which is an environment for negotiating the rights to use the credits. This market is currently in phase of consolidation and is a simplified system, aiming to transmit credibility and transparency to the transference processes of CEAR’s, everything according to the environment protection and Brazilian Civil Code. The Paulista Atmospheric Emission Market aims allocating funds more efficiently, as the entrepreneur decides on the most convenient strategy, whether investing on atmospheric polluter emission reduction on industrial plant or on acquiring rights with sellers who produced and detain CEAR’s. Keywords: Emission market; aerial basin; economical instruments; atmospheric emission reduction units (CEAR’s) [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Air Treatment Station: A Proposal Air Pollution Reduction BREJÃO, A. S., MORAES, M. O., VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP), BREJÃO, L. F. (UFABC)
|
Abstract: Evaluate the implementation of a project to build Air Treatment Station (ATS's) that are designed to filter out polluting particles suspended in the air and humidifies it. Although the city of São Paulo is used as a reference for research, air pollution is a global issue that is the cause of serious problems to man, characterized as a public health problem. An ATS can be built in different scales and can contribute to improving air quality both indoors establishments like hospitals and underground stations subway as in open areas such as roads and industrial zones. Keywords: Air Treatment Station; Air Pollution; Particles in suspension; soot; Public health. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Alternative Fuels and Cogeneration for Reducing CO2 Emissions J. A. P. Balestieri (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Electricity cogeneration is growing worldwide based on the burning of fossil fuels – especially natural gas. Although its low emission factors, it is important to consider that the availability of natural resources must be taken into account for a long-term investment in the electricity generation sector. The identification of alternative renewable fuels and the integration of cogeneration to certain industrial processes that produce some of these alternative fuels are evaluated in this paper. Keywords: Cogeneration, alternative fuels, CO2 emissions minimization |
||
Alternative Sustainable Dyeing of Textiles with Ionic Liquid RIBEIRO, F. R. G. (UEM/UTFPR); CABRAL, V. F.; SILVA, C. (UEM); ANDREAUS, J. (FURB); CARDOZO-FILHO, L.; CROSCATO, G. S.; SILVA, A. B.; MORAES, M. R. (UEM)
|
Abstract: The dyeing processes are extremely important for the differentiation and marketing of textile products. The dyeing takes place by fixing the dye molecule to the fibers, usually aqueous, that is, using water as the primary solvent
for the process. It is estimated that spends on average 125 liters of water per kilogram of textile article produced.
Whereas there is currently great interest in finding environmentally sustainable substances for this process, one of
the alternatives is the use of Ionic Liquid (IL) as
solvent substance for dyeing textiles due to its low cost, simple
synthesis, biodegradation of high character and abi
lity reuse. The Protic Ionic Liquids (LIP) are prod
uced by acid-
base reaction. Until now, there has been few studies directed towards application LI for application to textile
dyeing thus justified studies in this area. This study will present multi-fiber textile dyeing fabrics using Ionic
Liquids base Diethanolamine (DEA) as a solvent instead of water. The analyzes of the results will be made in
equipment spectrophotometer, observing the graph of
K/S. Keywords: Textile Dyeing, Dye, Fiber, Ionic Liquid, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Alternatives Reuse for Waste of Treatment Plants Water and Sewage: The Brazilian Situation NASCIMENTO, C. M. S.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: The existence of an environmental sanitation system that meets the population for public water supply and sewage is so relevant for basic needs. This infrast ructure prevents water borne diseases and improves life's quality. However, the treatment process of water and out puts produces solid waste. Therefore, this activity has brought concerns about the proper disposal of these wastes produced by Treatment Stations Water –ETA, and Sewage-ETE. The waste accumulated during the treatment process has as destination the aquatic system and soils of land near the stations. This is deposited in nature form, without any pretreatment, which causes large environmental damage by insertion of chemical and biological contaminants in these environments, contained in the waste disposed. So-called sludge ETA and ETE possess highly toxic organic load to the environment. The adoption of alternative measures for proper disposal is an urgent issue. This approach brings work on reuse of material from the procedures operating of stations in some segments identified as units of utilization of these wastes. Keywords: Sanitation. Solid waste. Reuse.
|
||
Ambiental Valoration and Energy Generation with System Subproduct of Urban Solid Waste for Pirolysys FRIMAIO, G. (IFAC); FRIMAIO, C. A. (UFABC)
|
Abstract: The biosphere’s capacity to absorb the waste generated by society has been long overcharged. Every year it is generated around 1.8 billion tons of urban solid waste (USW) in the world. Brazil produces 7.5 million tons and disposes 58.3% in landfills, and the rest is deposited in controlled landfills and open dumpsites. The appropriate USW management problem has showed to be a challenge, as factors such as quantity, volume, variety and complexity of waste entail risks for human health and the environment. Regulations implanted in Brazil in 2010 encourage the adoption of new alternatives for waste treatment and the development of clean technologies as a way to minimize environmental impacts, as well as technologies that aim to the urban solid waste’s energy recovery. In this sense, this study uses the emergy synthesis to evaluate a pioneer USW treatment system in Brazil – the Natureza Limpa Project – installed in the municipality of Unaí in Minas Gerais state, where the slow pyrolysis treatment for urban solid waste is applied. The indicators justify that the system is capable of performing gains in joules of energy (J) and emergy (sej) and presents great potential not only for waste treatment in Brazil, but also as a promising energy source, which is capable to assist on the energy demand by means of the exceeding production of 2.3 tons of charred urban waste, which is capable of producing 3.25x103 joules of energy per gram of treated waste. Keywords: Emergy, USW treatment, pyrolysis, Natureza Limpa Project |
||
An Assessment Study of the Monthly Complementarity of Renewable Energy Resources in Colombia PEÑA GALLARDO, R. (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí - Mexico); OSPINO CASTRO, A. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In order to assess the feasibility of a combined use of renewable energy sources over a determined region, it is necessary to carry out complementarity studies. These studies let us know the generation profile of renewable energy sources, with high variability, over a specific interval of time and establish a possible match between two or more different energy sources. Such is the case of wind and solar energy sources. In this paper is presented an assessment study of the monthly complementarity of wind and solar resources over Colombia for electricity generation. It is proposed to assess the complementarity based on a novel approach, using a dataset obtained from high-resolution images of wind and solar monthly resource maps of Colombia; images previously treated using image processing techniques. Then, the dataset is used to calculate average energy generation on each month of the year, and the complementarity of both renewable resources is obtained calculating the degree of correlation between them, with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained results show a good degree of complementarity between both energy sources in some regions of Colombia, at the different seasons of the year. The results obtained in this study can be useful to identify regions with high potential of installation of power generation plants based on wind and solar energy. Keywords: Complementarity study, image processing techniques, photovoltaic energy, wind energy. |
||
An Eco-Friendly Harvesting of Microalgae Using Combination of Microbial Flocculant and Chitosan in Simulated Eutrophic Water JIANCHAO HAO (Nanjing Normal University - China/Tianjin Agricultural University - China); HUIFEN LIU; WEI ZHOU; LIJUN SHI; XIANZHI LU; BIN LIAN (Tianjin Agricultural University - China)
|
Abstract: Cyanobacteria usually occurred in eutrophic waters, but the harvesting of microalgal biomass by flocculation was still facing a major technological and economic challenge. In order to solve this problem, the combination of microbial flocculant (MBF) and chitosan was used to flocculate the biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa. The addition sequence of MBF and chitosan had an important influence on flocculation, and the best flocculation method was as follow: MBF (5 mL/L) was added firstly into algal culture, then the chitosan (30 mg/L) was added, MBF (5 mL/L) was added again at last. In this way, all the algal cells aggregated together, and the algal flocs floated on the surface of solution and the algal flocs could be harvested by net (0.15 mm) easily, which exhibited the highest separation efficiency of 98.33 %,the lowest total phosphorus of 0.74 mg/L and neutral pH (6.61) of supernatant. Zeta potential measurement confirmed the flocculation mechanism was charge neutralization. Microscopic observation revealed that some bubbles attached to the algal flocs which increased buoyancy of flocs. Some advantages above proved that combination of chitosan and MBF was a promising technology to harvest cyanobacteria. Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa, microbial flocculant, chitosan, flocculation, zeta potential. |
||
An International Review of Sustainability in Higher Education Studies: A Messy Concept with Contradictory Attitudes VIEGAS, C. V. (UNISINOS); BOND, A. J. (University of East Anglia, UK); SELLITTO, M. A. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE) represents a comprehensive and complex set of plans and initiatives involving institutional context (universities and their management board for “greening the campuses”), and educational actors (students, teachers, community stakeholders) in pursuit ofsuitable ways for a sustainable environment in teaching, learning and promoting community values. This paper reviews 26 international selected studies on SHEfrom a pool of 137 identified in academic databases, published between 2000 and 2014. The analysis identifiedfive constructs that pervade such studies: (i) students’ views on sustainability; (ii) students’ literacy; (iii) students’ attitudes; (iv) main pedagogies employed; (vii) universities’ roles. Based on these constructs it was found that: (i) students have a broad and confused view of sustainability, although they associate it with practice and attitudinal change, mainly towards the environment; (ii) they present low level of literacy for sustainability; (iii)their attitudes tend to be contradictory when compared with their beliefs, as they are inclined to remain in a comfort zone of no change; (iv)they are typicallytrained by technical meansor business modules on sustainability, but criticise lectures and tutorials, preferring participatory activities; (v) universities’ rolesare seen aspromotion of sustainability awareness and adoption of environmental management, although these are not clear missions for the managers of these institutions. Keywords: Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE); environmental literacy; environmental learning; environmental attitudes.
|
||
An Introduction to the Nature of Wicked Problems - Ecological Challenges as Super Wicked BITTENCOURT, E. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: In this paper the concept of “wickedness” is presented and discussed, considering the importance of this notion, to correctly deal with problems emerging in ecological systems. The term “wicked problem” was coined by Horst Rittel, who with colleagues perceived the failure of linear approaches to treat design and planning. Failing to recognize a problem as “wicked”, results in the utilization of inappropriate tools to solve challenges in climate change, leading to the use of inadequate methodology and management procedures, fit only to treat “tame problems”. Ecology is considered as a “super-wicked” problem, due to its innumerous uncertainties, interdependencies, and social fragmentation of the stakeholders involved. Ecological systems consist of an integrated and coherent association of dissipative structures, where the whole is not given by the sum o its parts, as known from complexity theory. Ecology consists of a network of open, nonlinear systems, hierarchically structured, highly integrated, adaptative whole of the living and non-living, entangled with social, cultural, and economic phenomena. How we perceive and manage this complex network will strongly influence the future of our planet, and hopefully, correctly orient the study of ecological issues as well as contribute to the effort to implement cleaner production practices. We strongly emphasize that this class of problems –wicked- should be made more fami liar to students. Keywords: Wicked, super-wicked, ecology, cleaner production
|
||
Analysis of Bordering Counties in Sao Paulo State and Oil Exploration from the Perspective of Integral Sustainability COSTA, H. K. M.; BARBOSA, L. G. N.; SIMÔES, A. F. A.; SANTOS, E. M. (USP)
|
Abstract: After the discoveries of the region known as "pre-salt" in 2007, the Brazilian government haschanged some of the Brazilian laws with the aim of capturing the maximum of the rents arising from the exploration and production of hydrocarbons in this area. The topic discussed here is crucial for the country because the wealth coming from national oil reserves are finite. The oil and natural gas wealth can make a big difference in countries which use those natural resources wisely, for example, Norway has been seen as a good example of how an efficient and clear oil and natural wealth management can become sustainable over time. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the institutional profile of the bordering counties in Sao Paulo state, one of the areas that possibly receive greater amount of income within Brazil in the coming years. The methodology is based on case study by qualitative analysis of development with a focus on socioeconomic profile and potential of the region studied. As a result, the article points out that each beneficiary city should look its own public needs, calling its inhabitants to conduct educational and health programs that are important to that county in order to make the wealth derived from oil sustainable. Keywords: Pre-salt´s rules, oil and natural gas government takes, bordering counties in Sao Paulo State [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of Circular Economy in the Administrative-Managerial Programs of Sustainability in the Public Sector SILVA, R. G. (UFPE); MELLO, D. P.(UFPE/UFRPE); MELO, M. B. C.; ALVES, L. S. (UFPE); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFPE/UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Faced with socio-environmental demands, economic growth marked by the socio-metabolic reproduction of capital is becoming increasingly exclusive and predatory. The existing structure of production of goods and services no answers to the new reconfiguration experienced by the current market. The 21st century sees a repositioning of the production chain in the sense of mitigating the negative impacts on the environment. From the study of management models proposed by the public service, it´s possible the implementing or encouraging the structuring for an economic model based on sustainability, since there are government programs that are aligned with the establishment of operational parameters linked to socio-environmental public policies. In this context, the identification of mechanisms that are targeted to the principles of circular economy is relevant to understand of development focused on the parsimonious use of natural resources and in the establishment of modus operandis that encourage the internalization of such precepts by the economy. The purpose of this paper assumes the importance of the aforementioned sector as an example of organization aimed at implementing environmental efficiency, with the possibility of spreading these initiatives in other productive sectors among public and private enterprises. In fact, the reality is still well behind a process of internalization and radical change in the internal management of the public sector regarding the rational use of natural resources and the full implementation of circular economy. Socio-environmental planning, be it voluntary or imposed (Agenda 21, Public Administration Environmental Agenda, Sustainable Logistics Program and Eco Committee of Pernambuco), arises as a regulatory and supervisory instrument of good practices, to assist the process of public governance, to achieve success in the process of changing the inertia toward conscientious action, through socio-environmental responsibility. In this context, it is possible to observe that there are feasible public initiatives that endorse, in many aspects, the ramifications of circular economy. Such initiatives denote the potential for replicability in other organizations under similar conditions. Keywords: Courts; Environmental efficiency; Public administration [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Computer Section of the Group Libra MUNIZ, A. G. L.; NOGUEIRA, M.; AMARAL, F. V. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: With technological advances under way, the issue of pollutant emissions and reduced operating costs are important topics to be highlighted in any organization, highlighting the need to accept a different attitude that we use the resources we have available today. From a holistic view, This fact occurs due to financial, business, government, strategic reasons or simply for environmental awareness. With the increase in mass of this problem, computers are part of a select group of pollutants, rated one of the major consumers of electricity, both in its production, and in your life, use and disposal on their behalf directly or indirectly, the increased emission of greenhouse gases that impact the environmental cond ition. This article is part of an abstraction on energy applied to Green IT, which is the sum of the energy management of the economy, with regard to resources. The main objective of this project is to present a proposal to implement a policy of standardization of equipment(laptop / desktop) added to a conscious use, in order to reduce energy consumption, which sees a reduction in electricity cost(TEPHEN, 2009). Keywords: Green IT, Efficiency Environmental, Assessment IT, Energy Consumption Estimation.
|
||
Analysis of Externalities in Production Services under Cleaner Production Model Perspective SILVA, L. F. da (PUC-SP/UNINOVE); GUEVARA, A. J. de H. (PUC-SP); OLIVEIRA, P. S. G. de (UNIB); CONTI, D. de M. (PUC-SP)
|
Abstract: This article aims to describe as the application of the methodology of Cleaner Production (CP) interferes with externalities arising out of a process of production services. Therefore, we attempted to as instruments the exploratory research with qualitative approach, ie, based on bibliographic and documentary research built the categories of analysis and subsequent construction of a model for the assessment of production services. In this case it was used to study the provision of receiving invoices services by a bank. Thus, when dealing with this process from the perspective of PML verified the existence of regressive and progressive positive externalities to adopt an electronic system of invoice payments. Keywords: Externalities; Clear Production; PmL; service; Production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Analysis of Metal Chip Recycling Methods Contaminated Considering Approaches to Eco-Efficiency and Eco-Effectiveness MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS/PPG); SIMON, L.; VARGAS, M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The Brazilian law requires that the proper disposal of industrial solid waste is mandatory of the generator. However, due to ignorance or lack of professionals in the environmental area on business, this issue becomes one of the main difficulties encountered in order that the manufacturing process generates, in most cases, waste and environmental impacts, which do not receive the due attention. In other hand, this waste can be utilized as an alternative source to increase eco-efficiency and as a larger object to eco-effectiveness, reducing the impacts, increasing the economic and environmental efficiency and contributing to sustainability. The metal-mechanical sector also faces the problem of environmental management, need urgently adapt to the production process, innovative technologies to act in order to achieve sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ecoefficiency and eco-effectiveness of the methods used in the cleaning of metallic chips contaminated with cutting fluid metallurgical enterprises. So, a study on the reuse of aluminum chips was done by analyzing the cleaning methods used, the method efficiency, the allocation if cannot be reused and evaluated within the aforementioned characteristics, which is the most eco-efficient and/or eco-effective. This review was performed by criteria identified in the literature, to which you can evaluate methods as eco-efficient and eco-effective. In practice found only eco-efficient methods, and among them, some with eco-effective practices. The results show that the culture of repair, reuse, recycle and intended instead to promote actions such as the remodeling of a production system in a closed cycle where no waste generation is now even more practical and realistic. Nonetheless, it is clear that eco-efficient and eco-effective principles improve the environmental performance of companies, reducing expenses related costs for inputs, raw materials and disposal of waste, and contribute to achieve higher levels of sustainability. Keywords: Eco-efficiency; Eco-efectiveness; Metalurgy; Metallic Chips [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Analysis of National Policy on Climate Change in Confrontation with the State Policy on Climate Change in the State of São Paulo L. C. Ribas (UNESP), A. L. Brauer (FSP), I. F. Barbosa (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: In this article were analyzed the new National Policy on Climate Change, Law No. 12.187/09, compared with the State Policy on Climate Change of the State of São Paulo State Law No. 13.798/09. To develop the study, the authors correlated the new National Policy on Climate Change, its challenges, new regulatory frameworks, difficulties in defining targets for economic sectors, the estimation of greenhouse gases reduction, such as commitment signed by the government in relation to the current State Policy on Climate Change of the State of São Paulo. They conclude that the São Paulo State is one step ahead of the National Policy on Climate Change, with respect to state law be earlier than federal law, and the provision by the end of the second half of 2010 Pioneer Inventory greenhouse effect. The new milestone in the National Policy on Climate Change constitutes a serious commitment of Brazil, which marked a change of attitude in the country face the discussions on climate, and highlighted the historical role of industrialized countries front the concentration of greenhouse effect, and their responsibilities in securing financial assistance to developing countries in carrying out mitigating actions in order to ensure a balanced environment of diffuse right for the good of all and future generations, and only with concessions for all countries to reach a new climate agreement. Keywords: National Policy, Climate Change. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of phenolic compounds, methylxanthins and antioxidant activity of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) residue: a new potential source of antioxidants M. A. Vieira; M. Maraschin; C. M. Pagliosa; R. Podestá; R. D. de M. C. Ambonie (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) is a plant found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, countries with the only producer worldwide occurrence, which holds significant social and economic importance. Due to the beneficial effects of erva-mate, its consumption is not confined only to producing countries. Among these tasks is their antioxidant properties, which can contribute to protection against oxidative processes in the human body, among these tasks is their, such as phenolic compounds and tannins the chemical compounds responsible for this effect and stimulant properties attributed to its contents of methylxanthins, such as caffeine. The aims of this research were to evaluate the phenolic, methylxanthinic and tannin composition of erva-mate residue (mate powder), to compare the quali/quantitative phenolic composition of extracts obtained from distinct solvent systems and the antioxidant potential of those extracts. Among the extracts prepared with different solvents, the 80% methanol extract showed the highest total polyphenol content (11.51 g/100g) followed by methanol acid, ethanol acid, 80% ethanol, distilled water and water acid. To compare the results of the TPC and antioxidant activity of the extracts is possible to observe that the higher phenolic content of the extracts resulted in increased antioxidant capacity in DPPH• e ABTS•+ methods. HPLC analysis showed 4,5 dicaffeoylquinic acid as the highest component of the phenolic fraction of mate powder followed by clorogenic acid. The caffeine, teobromina and tannin contents in mate powder were 1.01, 0.10 and 0.29 g/100g respectively. According to the results, this residue can be used as an ingredient in the formulation of functional foods adding value to the waste generated during processing of the erva-mate. Consumption of mate powder would significantly contribute to the antioxidant and stimulants intake, providing high amounts of phenolic acids, tannin and methylxanthins with potentially beneficial biological effects for human health. Keywords: Ilex paraguariensis, residues, mate powder, phenolic acid, antioxidant capacity, methylxanthins, tannin [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of the Application of AQUA Certification in Civil Construction in Brazil M. L. Oliveira, C. B. da Silveira, O. L. G. Quelhas, V. J. Lameira (UFF)
|
Abstract: The accelerated development of constructions of buildings in large cities brings degrading impacts on the environment and people's lives. One can consider another point of observation concerns not only the volume of inputs used, but the strong consumption of resources like water, electricity, discomfort in the vicinity of the project, ventilation. Society as agent of change has required the use of these resources better entrepreneurs associated with the economy, reduction and even total replacement forcing streamlined and sustainable innovation. In order to improve the quality of the built environment and minimize its negative impact on the natural environment, various methods for measuring sustainability is being developed by different countries and regions. The study aims to analyze the methodology High Environmental Quality (HEQ) of international review and adapted to Brazil by Vanzolini, its criteria, definition of parameters for the management and monitoring, structure and applicability. It is discussing its convergence with the dimensions of sustainability: social, cultural, environmental and economic criteria and the certification and maintenance of the title. As a result it was possible to verify which requirements are suitable for the methodology of sustainability certification, policies and proposed criteria, management and future studies. Keywords: Civil Engineering, Sustainable Construction, Green Buildings, Certification HEQ. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of the Efficiency between Different Adhesives for the Manufacture of Laminated Bamboo Panels KRAVCHENKO, G. A. (PUC-GO); FERREIRA, E. M. (PUC-GO/UFG); PASQUALETTO, A. (IFGOIAS)
|
Abstract: In each product production process, the incorporation of techniques and methods to reduce waste and environmental issues are generally facilitating the maintenance of a natural more balanced. The clean production is a good alternative for this to occur. Considering the whole production cycle and incorporating environmentally sustainable techniques, the life cycle of industrialized something is optimized, which prevents techniques pipe end. The bamboo plant easy to grow and good workability, has been applied in various purposes such as the production of flooring, furniture, fixtures and even decorative structures in civil construction and cement. This plant to be inserted in the manufacture of laminated bamboo plates avoids, for example, species of wood endangered may be used. When used, this plant is from crops specifically grown for various purposes which may have bamboo and features. Something has researched in countries like Brazil, specifically in Goiás. This work has as main goal to evaluate the efficiency of different adhesives used for making laminated bamboo panels. In forming laminated boards, the process can be summarized in the defoliation of the plant and general cleaning for the removal of unwanted parts, cutting planer four sides for finishing cutting, gluing of parts and finally finishing determine where this material may be applied. This technical-scientific research laboratory tests were performed, where properties of twelve laminated bamboo beams can be compared. The plant was chosen type Dendrocalamus giganteus. This genus is one of the best to perform carpentry work. For each type of adhesive applied to the plates of laminated bamboo, bending tests (reduced size), hardness, density, screw with drawal, shear stress and shear stress at the glue line, a tool constituted conclusive on the workability of the different Products promoters junction between the parts that form the plywood. In some types of adherent reviews have not responded well to tests, bringing the disruption of certain body-of-evidence, but one can prove the efficiency of adhesives used in the manufacture of laminated bamboo. The technology of bamboo utilization for the formation of products useful in our daily lives is something shown by research centers of renowned educational institutions, and this work is the result of a detailed study on the plates made with bamboo. In environments with significant levels of humidity and temperatures can shorten the use of furniture, laminate made with Dendrocalamus giganteus has higher efficiency over other matters falling in the furniture industry. Keywords: Bamboo laminate, sustainable technologies, clean production, furniture industry, environmentally sustainable materials |
||
Analysis of the Emergy Indicators for the Installation of a Landfill in the Southern Region of Minas Gerais FRIMAIO, C. A. (UFABC); FRIMAIO, G.; CECÍLIA, M. V. B. (UNIP); FRIMAIO, A.; SILVA C. C. (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: More than 50% of brazilian cities plae their urban solid wastes (USW) in places with no previous treatment and adequate control, according to data from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (PNSB/IBGE, 2002), although Law 12.305 (PNRS, 2010) forbids the existence of dumps and encourages more environment-friendly treatment techniques.In this sense, a study was made simulating a landfill implantation that contemplates some cities in south Minas Gerais, which residuals are placed in open dumps, based on studies of the emergy synthesis from São João Landfill in São Paulo. The calculations were made regarding the population average of each city in a period of 12 years. For the annual solid waste generation rate per habitant it was used data from Panorama de Resíduos Sólidos do Brasil (ABRELPE, 2011), that corresponds to 341,275 kgRSD.year/hab of waste. This paper concludes that approximately 5.45E+06 m3 of biogas and 2,72E+06 m3 of CH4 (Methane gas) would be produced.The indicators in emergy point that the landfill system simulated for south Minas Gerais area is not sustainable because it would use 73,98% of the resources coming from the economy. Although it worths highlight that without the implantation of a landfill in this area and the use of inputs from the economy the impacts to the environment would be much more overwhelming. Keywords: Emergy; landfill; sustainability; environment; Landfill waste.
|
||
Analysis of MSW to Energy Conversion Process for Sustainable Community GABBAR, H. A.; ABOUGHALY, M. (University of Ontario - Canada)
|
Abstract: Municipal solid waste witnessed an exponential increase globally due to plastic, paper and organic material high production without considering appropriate recycling strategies. Pyrolysis and gasification is considered the most promising chemical recycling techniques, which can help prevent incineration and landfilling. Both processes have low environmental impacts, high product value, ability of electricity generation illustrated in this work. The paper discusses the major process units in industrial chemical recycling plants, life cycle assessment (LCA) in terms of GHG emissions, process stages and system design and justifies gasification and pyrolysis over other thermal treatment methods. Pyrolysis and gasification produce hydrocarbon gaseous and liquid products which can be utilized for energy production or chemicals synthesis while only incineration produce thermal energy. Both processes also produce the highest electrical production per ton in comparison with incineration with higher carbon dioxide emissions than incineration but lower dioxins, NOx, HCl, CO emissions. Keywords: Sustainable engineering, clean energy, global warming, pyrolysis, gasification, incineration |
||
Analysis of Post-Retail Cardboard Chain from the Perspective of Green Supply Chain Management DIAS, K. T. S.; FERRARI, D. B.; BRAGA JR., S. S.; SATOLO, E. G.; PUTTI, F. F. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: To remain competitive, organizations establish integrations with their partners, customers and suppliers through a supply chain. This integration occurs through the sharing of resources and information, in a cohesive and high performance business model, in order to meet the needs of consumers. One of the competitive strategies adopted in the supply chain management (SCM) context is the green supply chain management (GSCM) approach. This approach, like SCM, helps organizations and their partners achieve corporate profit and market share goals, but incorporates environmental aspects related to operational activities that occur along the chain, since environmental concerns have been a frequent theme in the business world. One of the practices supported by GSCM is reverse logistics, which allows the return of products and packaging to the production cycle, thus promoting the mitigation of possible environmental impacts, if these products / packaging were incorrectly discarded. Regarding the packaging, the return activities correspond to the reverse logistics of post-consumption, and refer to those products that have reached the end of their useful life. However, when it comes to cardboard packs, these are commonly reused, since they have favorable characteristics for such accomplishment, such as: high strength, easy handling and low cost. Thus, it is considered that the shelf life of the cardboard is not limited to the final consumer and therefore the chain to which this product belongs is not restricted to this agent either, as SCM scope analyzes are generally conducted. In this sense, starting from the retail perspective, as the corporate agent closest to the consumer, this study aims to analyze the structure of the cardboard chain, given from the discarding of retail, from the perspective of the GSCM. Therefore, the methodology adopted is a qualitative approach, of a descriptive and exploratory nature. The data were collected through bibliographic research and the conduction of semi-structured interviews with the organizations belonging to the cardboard chain. The information obtained allowed the elaboration of a mapping, in which it was possible to identify that, after being discarded by the retail sector, the cardboard is directed to three different paths, being two chains of consumption and one of discarding. In addition, after this identification, we conducted analyzes of each destination of the cardboard by the environmental perspective given by the approach of the GSCM. As a result of this analysis, it was identified that the most appropriate way that cardboard can take after its disposal is to follow a recycling chain, which will allow the reduction of environmental impacts regarding the extraction of natural raw materials, as well as the economy of resources such as water and energy. Keywords: Cardboard. Retail. GSCM. Disposal of packaging [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of the Application of the LEED Methodology in a Building in the City of São Luís-MA FERREIRA, L. A.; NETO, A. F. V.; DEMETRIO, J. C. C.; DEMETRIO F. J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: Daily debates are held regarding the environment, resource rationalization and green building, and Brazil follows the worldwide trend of technological development in search of products that follow the sustainable line. Faced with this problem, which is not limited to this country, Green Buildings represent a significant contribution to reducing the consumption of natural resources, both in the construction and operation of buildings (maintenance). Within this framework, environmental certification is an important instrument that has great potential to implement better sustainability practices in the sector. This paper focuses on the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) methodology, which is a certification for sustainable constructions, conceived and awarded by the US Green Building Council (USGBC), according to rationalization criteria of resources (energy, water, etc.) served by a building. It will be presented the LEED certification, an application of the same in a work in the city of São Luís, its advantages and a comparison of costs in the implementation of the criteria of the LEED methodology. Keywords: Environmental Certification, Sustainable construction, LEED Methodology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of the Life Cycle of the Bioethanol Production of the Sugar Cane. Case Study: Ingenio Risaralda S.A. GONZÁLEZ, L.F. (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira/Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - Colombia); MONTOYA, J. A. (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira/ - Colombia); MARÍN, G.A. (Ingenio Risaralda S.A. - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The cultivation of sugarcane Sacharum officinaru, was introduced to Colombia in the fifteenth century, and due to the country’s climate it has the advantage that it can be grown throughout the year. The Sugar Bioindustrial Cluster is located in the geographical valley of the Cauca River (Colombia). This productive sector was industrialized with its core business the specialization in the process of sugar production and then expanding its industrial activity to the production of biofuels (ethanol fuel) and to the generation of electricity. The main objectives for the sustainability of the sector are to seek the reduction of fossil fuel use in the world and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This work presents the results of the analysis of potential environmental impacts of the bioethanol produced at Ingenio Risaralda SA, based on Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. To obtain the results, the LCA stages were examined following ISO 14040 standard. Among these stages, the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) phase was the most demanding, because it is the field data collection phase and its subsequent structuring for the LCA. With the inventory completed, the LCI information was introduced in SimaPro software, version 8.2.3. For the environmental impact analysis, the project focused on the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method, which evaluates 18 impact categories. The system studied includes the bioethanol supply chain at the Ingenio Risaralda S.A. at the field, harvest, factory, distillery and electricity cogeneration phases. It was found that the field phase is responsible for 4 of the 18 impact categories; that harvest phase contributes to 5 of the 18; the factory phase is responsible for 7 of the 18; the distillery phase contributes to 2 of the 18, and the cogeneration phase implies a positive environmental impact in the climate change category, since it uses the energy in the form of heat produced by the bagasse to generate steam and then through the use of turbogenerators to electric energy. For 2015, the calculated emissions from the bioethanol production of sugar cane at Ingenio Risaralda S.A.,were of 138 kg CO2 eq / m3. This result is very good when compared to the data obtained by the climate change studies of the Sugar Cane Research Center (CENIСAÑA) which for 2010 was 909 kg CO2 eq / m3 and for 2015 was 476 kg CO2 eq / m3. The Ingenio Risaralda S.A. study showed an environmentally clean behavior, due to the non-use of coal in its heaters and boilers, besides it was assumed that the cogenerated energy sold to external customers was environmentally beneficial. Keywords: Sugarcane, bioethanol, Life cycle analysis, SimaPro software, potential environmental impacts. |
||
Analysis of the Residual Generation in a Gemstone Processing Industry: A Case Study with Reuse Proposition SINDELAR, F. C. W.; BARDEN, J. E.; STULP, S. (UNIVATES)
|
Abstract: The gemstone productive chain and jewelry is an important income source and job generator in Brazil, since the country stands out worldwide for the extraction and processing of these materials. However, this activity generates a high volume of waste. In this way, this work aims at analyzing the generation of waste in a gemstone processing industry and at proposing alternatives for its treatment and reuse in other applications, like, for example, in the composition of ceramic clay. This is a quantitative approach research of descriptive and exploratory character, and there were used bibliographies and case study. As a result, it was observed that at the end of beneficiation process just 65% of the parts come into conformity, while 35% of them have some kind of defect. Furthermore, in terms of volume, it appears that only 15% of the gems become final finished product, and the remainder being transformed into various types of solid and liquid residues, infected by cutting o il that need to be treated properly so that they can have an environmentally correct destination and guarantee the sustainability of the activity. Keywords: Beneficiation process, gems and jewelry, residues. |
||
Analysis of the Technological Impact for Industry and its Effects on the Production and Destination of its Waste: A Case Study of the Industry of Surfboards BARCELOS, R. L. (Faculdades SENAC); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL); LERIPIO, A. A. (UNIVALI)
|
Abstract: The concept of Cleaner Production advocates the continuous application of preventive and integrated environmental strategies to processes, products and services, incorporating the most efficient use of natural resources and minimizing the generation of waste and pollution, as well as the risks To human health. But not always technological innovations in production bring with it an improvement for Cleaner Production. The surfboard industry has been dismissive of P & L. Works pointed to a concentration of the residues of the productive process in the manufacturers due to the verticalization of the production stages. But from the incorporation of the technology of machining of the blocks of polyurethane through Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) there was a horizontalizacion of the process. The introduction of the technology provoked the emergence of companies that started to incorporate the productive sector. From this structural change of the industry came the questioning of which actors produce waste and how they manage it. The objective of this work was to map the current process, identifying the residues in the actors inserted in the productive chain detailing how these wastes are managed. A case study was carried out where the object analysis was carried out through the application of a field study where a mapping addressed the qualitative and quantitative issues of the production of surfboards. The data collection was done through a visit to the pre-selected targets through the application of Cleaner Production forms. Throughout the research it was evident that the links of the production chain can be executed by different actors participating in the industry, with a decoupling of the links from the manufacturers, mainly related to the volume of production. That is, the largest concentration of outsourcing of steps occurs in the smaller manufacturers with a shift in the volume of materials and waste for large distributors, large manufacturers and rolling mills. It was clear that the introduction of CNC technology was responsible for the decentralization of waste, previously focused only on manufacturers, but that technological innovation had no impact on waste reduction or reuse, or even better disposal management. Keywords: Cleaner Production. Technological Impact. Waste Management. Surfboard industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analysis of Water Consumption in Toilets with Shewhart Control Charts GOLIN, L.; HENNING, E.; KALBUSCH, A. (UDESC - Brazil); KONRATH, A.C.; WALTER, O.M.F.G. (UFSC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The article aims to show if it is possible for Shewhart Control Charts to have competent data monitoring capabilities when observing a switch in toilet flush equipment from single flush to dual flush in a public University building located in Joinville, southern Brazil. Sensors collected data such as volume of water and time length of the flush. Such data was then trimmed and compiled into days and finally plotted into a Shewhart Control Chart. The switch in flush equipment indicated a reasonable reduction in water consumption for both male and female bathrooms presenting an average total reduction of 33.15% in water consumed during a day and a reduction in the average time length of flush of 23.95%. With periodic monitoring Shewhart Control Charts proved to be useful for observing large shifts of data, water consumption reduction and events such as leakages and droughts that occurred during the data gathering period. Keywords: Water consumption, monitoring, Shewhart Control Charts. |
||
Analysis of Yield of Aroeira Vermelha Fruit Extract via Solvent Extraction - Factorial Planning 2^03 SILVA, C.; DIAS, A. B.; MICHALCZUK, J. R.; SAKAI, O. A.; SILVA, L. K.; ROCHA, S. A. (IFPR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The main extraction processes function is the separation of components present in different materials. The isolation of different compounds, purpose of extraction, plays a prominent role in several industrial areas, including essential oils and essences in general. Therefore, the extraction process can be used to obtain substrates, which in this work will be aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius) the raw material used demands of special interest of the industrial sector in the medicines and foods areas. Researchs are necessary for operational improvements in this area, due to the high added value of essential oils and essences as final product, extracted from this material, linked to the inputs minimization used on sustainability. Still, there is scope for using new solvents, with the aim of guaranteeing the sustainability of the process. In this sense, the present work has the objective evaluating the solid-liquid extraction process to obtain oils and essences from fruits of aroeira vermelha, using less aggressive solvents, seeking the procedure optimization. After obtaining the necessary raw material, the extraction procedure was carried out using the technique of extraction by solvents, hexane and ethanol, with humidity and maceration like process conditions. The results obtained were analyzed by the use of factorial design 23, with the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the relevant variables statistically to obtaining better results. Better process conditions were verified using the solvent ethanil, with the raw material macerated, being the humidity condition irrelevant in this experimental procedure. Linked to the objectives of improvements and sustainable development and cleaner production, these results are satisfactory, considering the use of reusable solvents and optimization in the extraction processes due to the use of experimental planning. Keywords: Red Aroeira, Extraction, oils and essences, factorial planning. |
||
Analysis on Cleaner Production policy and its results in China Duan Ning, Bai Yan-ying, Yu Xiu-ling, Yin Jie, Song Dan-na (China National Cleaner Production Center)
|
Abstract: Divided into three stages, this paper elaborated the practice courses of Cleaner Production in China in last two decades, analyzing the characteristic of Chinese Cleaner Production policy in the different historical periods. It also analyzed the results of Cleaner Production policy in China according to the investigation and study data of Cleaner Production audit of national key enterprises from 2004 to 2007. The result indicated that the advancement pattern of the voluntary Cleaner Production audit and compulsory Cleaner Production audit effectively promoted the advancement of Cleaner Production in Chinese industry. The consciousness on Cleaner Production of the government, the enterprise and the public have had essential enhancement. The quantity of enterprises which implement Cleaner Production audit has been increasing. The Cleaner Production technical advisory services system was preliminary established. It is obvious to see the energy saving and emission reduction realized by Cleaner Production. Keywords: Cleaner Production, policy, results, analysis [Abstract] [Organizational Report] |
||
Analysis on the Status for Cleaner Production in China CHANGBO,Z.; ZI, L.; JINGJUN, L.; XIAOAO,WANG.; YANYING, B.; GANG, F. (CRAES, China)
|
Abstract: Cleaner production (CP), especially in the field of industry, is a key factor in achieving sustainable development in China. Chinese government made great efforts on implementing the strategy of sustainable development. Cleaner production has made remarkable achievements, and gained recognition world widely. Cleaner productionhas become a core policy of pollution prevention in China, while its meaning and connotation are continuously developing. After being implemented for more than 20 years in China, great progresses have been made in CP policies, capacity building and technical support system. In this study, unique set of practices of CP in China, including were analyzed, to summarize the main experience of CP implementing for other developing countries. Keywords: Cleaner production, Pollution prevention,Cleaner production policy
|
||
Analytical Ability and Participation for Sustainable Environmental Projects SOUZA, R. C. F. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: The article discusses the changing in research on the space of cities considering some new paradigms introduced by the Information Technology (IT) seeking for a cleaner, sustainable and smarter production. It also discusses the current conditions of the use of IT, confronting new opportunities for analysis and interactivity applied inenvironmental management. Finally, it tries to deduct an evolution of strategies aiming the sustainabilityoriented production, with the spreading of those resources through transdisciplinarity Keywords: Architecture, urban design, environmental management, sustainability and Information Technology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Analyzing Important Corporate Social Responsibility Activities with help of Analytical Hierarchy Process GOVINDAN, K. (University of South Denmark-Denmark); MATHIYAZHAGAN, K. (National Institute of Technology-India)
|
Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which industries use to improve their societal well -being through discretionary business practices and corporate resource contributions. It is a high profile notion perceived as deliberate by the production world in addition to being a well-known concept in academia and with its practionners. CSR now gets increasing attention in global sourcing and supply chains. Indian SMEs have started adopting CSR activities recently to ensure their social responsibilities. But, Indian SMEs struggle to identify major CSR acts to improve their social standing. Because of this, this study’s objective was fixed as identification of important CSR activities and categories for improving its performance aided by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This study was undertaken in 47 SMEs in Tamilnadu, South India. The results reveal employee satisfaction to be the most important CSR category followed by social activity rewards, society view and combined social activities to improve CSR performance. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility; analytical hierarchy process.
|
||
Analyzing the CDM Impact in the Brazilian Chemical Sector FREITAS, C. V. M. (Centro Paula Souza/Clavi Soluções Sustentáveis); SILVA, M. L. P. S. (Centro Paula Souza/USP)
|
Abstract: This work aimed to obtain a better understanding of the impact of the use of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Brazilian chemical industry. The CDM was a very important mechanism in the last two or three decades for the reduction of some greenhouse gases (GHG) with high environmental impact and global warming potential, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), with a potential of 310. In addition, the chemical sector has acted boldly to meet ambitious targets as set out in the UN Climate Convention. However, with the new standards and / or mechanisms created under the Paris Agreement, the options for maintaining such a reduction are rare, making it crucial to understand the importance of the CDM for the sector. The methodology used was documentary evaluation of the main CDM projects developed in the country and, in a second step, attention to the processes involving the removal of N2O. It was possible to observe three distinct moments in the process, the promising beginning that, in addition to causing a significant reduction in GHG emissions, corresponds to the good valuation of carbon credits, but with the new governmental positions and also increasingly restrictive rules, such credits devalued. With the implementation of the reduction targets, the Kyoto Protocol and its CDM can once again be a negotiation tool for the carbon market aligned with the new mechanisms now proposed that, if they use previous learning, can favor the country in meeting its own goals reduction. Keywords: CDM, Chemical Sector, N2O [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Applicability of Lean and Sustainable Production in Sanitizers and Cosmetic Industries in the State of Goiás ALMEIDA, S. (PUC-GO); SOUZA, F. F.; PASQUALETTO, A.; TEIXEIRA, D. (IFG)
|
Abstract: The objective of this study was to address the environmental practices in the companies of cleaning products (sanitizers) and products of personal hygiene, perfumery and cosmetics (HPPC) in the state of Goiás through concepts of lean production, green manufacture and analysis of management practices in order to reduce environmental impacts, highlighting its tools and principles, as well as the benefits and losses of the combination of both practices, and presents the concrete results, indicators and their effects, by means of explanatory analysis, exposing a hypothetical-deductive scientific method of questionnaires of national and regional sanitation companies supporting or not the theories already proven. The results demonstrate that the industries of these branches that are more familiar with good practices of lean production (PE) and environmental management (GA), obtain better operational performance. Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, sustainability, Environmental Management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Application of Cleaner Production in a Process of Sockets Lighting Package, a Case Study BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); MAFFESSONI, D.; TONIN, B. P. (Ftec)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production brings a differentiated approach on waste management, since it allows to the company to have a better knowledge of its manufacturing process; constantly monitoring the process, the generated waste becomes an opportunity for improvement. The aim of this study was to reuse and to optimize the use of packaging in a business outsourcer mounting sockets lamps. Since the packaging used in the receipt of parts for assembly and shipment of finished parts were large and contains a few pieces, it could be better used. It was carrying out a study to increase the capacity and reuse of the pack. The results were satisfactory, since it has increased the capacity for packaging receiving socket housing parts from 65% to 78% and the socket cover from 48% to 86.4%. The package mounted socket doubled its storage capacity from 50 to 100 pieces. The environmental benefit was the cutback of consumption of 16,075 units of plastic packaging. The economic benefits were R$ 4.191,25 per year, without investments.It was proved the efficiency of cleaner production even in small and simple projects. Keywords: Packing, sockets, cleaner production
|
||
Application of Cleaner Production tool in Plastic Recycling Process F. P. Faria; E. B. A. V. Pacheco (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: This work shows suggestions for the accomplishment of the plastic recycling process in an environmentally friendly way, based in the Cleaner Production tool. Besides reduction of plastic consumption or reuse of packing, it is necessary to invest in recycling technology and the selective garbage separation for guaranteeing the minimization of sending waste to landfills. The recyclers, which receive as raw material the plastic waste, carry out the recycling in stages that might guarantee the minimum quality standards for production of new objects. As a tool of environment management, Cleaner Production can be used by companies to reduction of consumption of energy and water, as well as minimization in generation of waste. The stage of laundering, for example, is the one that involves greater water consumption that needs to be saved, treated and reused. The extrusion of the plastic material for molding in new products generates solid residues that also need to be recycled. Although the recycling process treats of garbage generally dirty and contaminated, it shall be carried out with an environmentally correct process. Keywords: Recycling, plastic, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Application of electrochemical degradation of wastewater composed of mixtures of phenol - formaldehyde A. L. T. Fornazari (USP - São Carlos-SP); G. R. P. Malpass (UFABC); D. W. Miwa; A. J. Motheo (USP - São Carlos-SP)
|
Abstract: Environmental problems caused by industrial processes are of great concern to society due to the possible introduction of toxic waste from products generated by the industry. Thus, researchers increasingly study new techniques to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of industrial effluents, always respecting the laws and regulations aimed at environmental protection. Electrochemical degradation is a promising alternative for the treatment of wastewater that contains organic compounds. In this work a dimensionally stable anode (DSA®) of nominal composition Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 was used to study the degradation of solutions containing a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde. The oxides electrodes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The galvanostatic degradation of mixtures of phenol – formaldehyde were monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Total Organic Carbon Analysis (TOC). The effect of current density (10, 20, 40 and 50 mA cm-2), pH (3, 5, 7, 9 and 12) and supporting electrolytes (NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4) was investigated. Energy consumption during electrolysis is also presented. The electro degradation of mixtures of phenol – formaldehyde proceeds via two different mechanism: active and non-active. The non active mechanism results in the complete combustion of organics to carbon dioxide. The active mechanism results in a selective oxidation, via degradation products. The results demonstrate that the electrochemical removal of organics is pH- dependent. In the most an effective current density (40 mA cm-2) 60% of TOC is removed. Keywords: Dimensionally stable anodes, phenol, formaldehyde [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Application of Electrochemical Oxidation in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Evaluation of Toxicity in Allium cepa KLAUCK, C. R. (Feevale University); BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); SILVA, L. B.; RODRIGUES, M. A. S. (Feevale University)
|
Abstract: The disposal of waste in landfills is a practice in creasingly common in big cities, and it generates large volumes of leachate as a product of waste decomposition and rainwater percolation. This liquid is highly toxic and must be treated before its release in the environment. Due the problems presented by conventional systems, there is a growing need for procedures that offer higher treatment efficiency or can be integrated by conventional processes. In this regard, clean technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are considered an excellent alternative for the removal of color and organic matter, as well as to increase the biodegradability of leachate. The aim of this study was both to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced oxidation process of electrochemical oxidation in leachate treatment and to assess the toxicity of the sample before and after treatment. The experiments were performed with 150L sample of leachate and used an electrochemical reactor consisting of electrodes DSA® (Ti/70Ti/30 RuO2 De Nora ®), which were arranged parallel in batch regime. A current density of 10,04 mA.cm-2 was applied for a period of 40h and 60h. The results indicate excellent removals of COD, BOD5, ammonia and phosphorus within the first 40 hours of treatment. However, the evaluation showed the toxicity remained unaltered, which points to the importance of this type of study as a complement to traditional analyzes. The advanced oxidation processes are considered a clean technology, mainly for neither requiring the addition of chemicals nor generating sludge treatment. Still, assessment of toxicity of the treated effluent is necessary, considering the possible generation of toxic byproducts. Keywords: Leachate, Electrochemical Oxidation, Toxicity, Allium cepa. |
||
Application of Goal Programming in Sustainability Studies: Soybean Transportation in Brazil RICHARD SILVA, T. (UNIP/FATEC - Brazil); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil); MORENO GARCÍA, R.R. (Universidad de Oriente - Cuba); SEVEGNANI, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Richard Silva et al. (under review) studied the sustainability of road and rail systems in the transport of Brazilian soybeans between producer and exporter centers (1,982 km). For this, the FIVE SEctor SUstainability Model (5 SEnSU) was considered. Among ten indicators simultaneously evaluated by the 5 SEnSU model, the results indicated greater sustainability for rail transportation. However, due to the multimetric approach used, the graphical interpretation of results can become a difficult task that requires statistical tools as support. In this sense, this work applies the philosophy of goal programming in the results obtained by Richard Silva et al. (under review) to quantitatively assess the sustainability of road and rail soybean transport systems, integrating all the previously obtained indicators into a single global sustainability indicator named as WSI. Results show that rail system has a WSI of 3.47, while road system has 3.55, indicating that rail system is slightly more sustainable. Besides providing subsidies to decision makers on soybean transportation in Brazil, it is expected that this work can be considered as a reference of a multicriteria method in evaluating sustainability for other transport systems. Keywords: Multicriteria, goal programing, soybean, sustainability, transport. |
||
Application of Method 3R (Reuse, Remanufacture and Recycling) in a Machine Line Based on Circular Economy VICENTE NETO, L. (IFSP/UNIMEP); HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP)
|
Abstract: Given the demands of the market and maintaining competitive conditions, many companies are looking for technologies that enable them to innovate their processes and products. The environmental impact related to the exploitation of natural resources can be considered a problem due to the linear production-consumption flow. Therefore, this work focuses on the study of real initiatives to develop environmentally friendly processes and their results in relation to the concept of circular economy in the application of the 3R method in a line of machining. With an applied methodological approach and exploratory objective, we divided the application into three phases: (1) Reuse and Redistribution; (2) Remanufacturing and (3) Recycling. The products are machined in a turning line, where cutting tools (inserts) are the most commonly used objects. It can be observed that in the linear production model, there is an increase in tool disposal. Applying the concepts of based on circular economy we have a gain in the useful life of the cutting tools without the need to modify the production parameters. It is concluded that it is possible to apply the concepts of circular economy, but there is a need for everyone involved in the production process. Keywords: Circular Economy, Machining, 3R, Automotive Industry [Abstract] [Paper of Portuguese] [Presentation of Portuguese] |
||
Application of Strategy Planning Method to Integrated Development Sustainable Product Process (PEPDIPS) TEIXEIRA, G. F. G.; CANCIGLIERI, O. Jr. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: With the reduction of borders promoted by globalization, the level of consumption grew dramatically, characterizing our consumer society. However, if on the one hand this growth means progress, on the other hand, this means progress without a future, since consumption can only symbolize progress if it occurs within a form of sustainable development. Faced with this scenario, society and government have been pushing the industries to adopt more sustainable practices in their processes, especially the Product Development Process (PDP). In this new perspective, the PDP with sustainable characteristics can add a long-term competitive advantage to the company. Therefore, the present study presents the application of the conceptual method for the Strategic Planning of the Integrated Process for the Development of Sustainable Products (PEPDIPS), which aims to guide the integration of sustainability in the PDP through the qualitative evaluation of the requirements and phases of the PDP, from the initial phase of designing the project for the launch and distribution of the product. The PEPDIPS is characterized as a maturation method composed of a cyclic process with two macro phases and four micro phases. With the objective of developing a support evaluation focused on the process of continuous improvement that aims to integrate sustainability into the PDP, guiding the designers the best strategic choices applied in the planning and elaboration of a new or existing product. Extending your assessment to business management, necessary to structure and substantiate such changes. The application of the PEPDIPS method is presented through the case study developed in a textile industry. Keywords: Maturity Model, Sustainability, Strategic Planning, Product Development Process. |
||
Application of the Blockchain Architecture in Solid Waste Management in a Small Municipality FRANÇA, A. S. L. (USP/UNINOVE - Brazil); AMATO NETO, J. (USP - Brazil); GONÇALVES, R. F. (USP/UNIP - Brazil); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This research deals with the application of Blockchain digital architecture in solid waste management in a small municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The ongoing research is related to the technological transformation of a compensation system to the collection of waste in the municipality, aimed at the social inclusion of waste collectors through the use of social currency. The current system uses printed cards called Green Coins, and present vulnerabilities that should be overcome with the implementation of the new system. The new application uses social crypto-coins and security support through Blockchain in order to guarantee the necessary information integrity, enabling the management of an expressive number of collectors and contributing to the improvement of the quality of life in the municipality in relation to the typical aspects of sustainability: education, health, environment, social inclusion and local economy. Keywords: Blockchain, cryptocurrency, solid waste management; sustainability; social inclusion. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Application of the Concept of Industrial Ecology to the Integrated Management System: Advantages and associated environmental improvements J. Gameiro; M. L. P. Silva (Siemens)
|
Abstract: The need for making human systems part of the natural ecosystems and similar to natural environment is clearly stated. This approach, which is the basis of Industrial Ecology, aims to enhance industrial symbiosis that might contribute to mitigate process or material loss. However, it is not very common to amend Industrial Ecology principles to management systems and furthermore, to Integrated Management Systems. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the sustainability impact of integrating the Industrial Ecology approach to the existing Integrated Management System at an electro electronic company in Brazil. The defined methodology followed the most important premises of Industrial Ecology aligned to the Integrated Management Systems requirements in the electro electronic sector. The case study was based on a worldwide company that presented all the segments within the sector, that is, microelectronics, surface mounting technology, printed circuit board, mounting and logistics. Moreover, the study considered material flow and performance analysis in order to define potential industrial metabolism and sustainability degrees, besides implementing an Industrial Ecology computer program that enabled better information communication and control. It was possible to conclude that the Industrial Ecology concept tools used in the company did benefit its industrial sustainability because it allowed more efficient processes through the use of metrics, involved most of the employees and operations, favored better process standardization, enhanced the systemic approach making the decision process easier once it was based on real time facts. It was observed that it also contributed to the adoption of methods, systems and procedures that enabled deep strategic change and improved cultural change, which is one of the essential aspects of sound sustainable development. Finally, it is suggested that Industrial Ecology be used as a fruitful metaphor for facilitating the improvement of sustainability. The tools developed in this study might be easily applied to any enterprise, independently of its size, level or production processes. Keywords: Sustainability, industrial ecology, industrial metabolism, balanced scorecard, key performance indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Application of the Norm NTC-ISO 14064 at ITM Campus Robledo, for Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emission Measurement and its Carbon Footprint (CF) Determination ARISTIZÁBAL, C. E.; GONZÁLEZ, J. L. (Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The present work contains the result of the Carbon Footprint (CF) measurement of the Metropolitan Technological Institute of Medellin (ITM), which is a public institution that provides teaching, research and extension services. The calculation of this sustainability indicator was made for Robledo campus, in accordance with the methodology described in ISO 14064 (Greenhouse Gases Measurement), ISO 14040-14044 (Life Cycle Analysis), and the information provided by the Institution and endorsed by the different dependencies of its consumptions of materials and energy resources, necessary for its correct operation. Additionally, the data of conversion and emission factors associated to the Colombian context or subtracted from the literature are considered, being these the most approximate to the current technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of ITM. According to implemented methodology, the ITM carbon footprint for 2.016 was 912,302 Ton CO2eq and per student was 0,0925 Ton CO2eq /Student Keywords: Greenhouse Gases, Carbon Footprint, Life Cycle Assessment, Sustainability, University.
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
Applying Cleaner Production Concepts at a Casting Company M. C. Nehme; C. Quissini; J. Slovinscki (UCS)
|
Abstract: This article aims to identify a sustainability model to a Casting company located at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Such conceptual model should be obtained by considering a pro-asset approach of company’s managers focusing on maintain it competitive in the market. After applying cleaner production practices, preliminary results show the existence of a potential in reducing company’s generated wastes reduction and minimizing its inputs demand, as well as an increase on the company’s image for consumers and on its competitiveness for markets. Keywords: Casting company, Cleaner production, Participative sustainability model [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Application of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving as a Cleaner Production Method for Solar Heating Optimization Proposals POSSEBON, F. (UFSM); KUBOTA, F. I. (UFSC); SANTOR, C. G. (FAISA); ROSA, L. C. (UFSM)
|
Abstract: The global growing concern regarding minimizing negative environmental impacts of industrial and commercial products, processes and services has generated an increasing need for detailed studies related to clean technologies and renewable energy sources. In this context, this study applied the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) as method to identify and support to develop cleaner production opportunities, towards a contribution to the development of solar heating systems more efficient and innovative. Then, we conducted a case study on a solar heating systems manufacturing company, using TRIZ fundamental concepts and contradiction matrix as data collection and analysis technique. Results show the subsequent formulation of inventive solution proposals, based on the obtained information, to minimize harmful functions found in the technical system investigated. We concluded that TRIZ has potential contribution in the creative process for new solar heating systems. Keywords: Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, Fundamental concepts, Contradiction matrix, cleaner production, solar heaters [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Application of the Principles of Cleaner Production in a Galvanizing Company KITZBERGER, J.; PIRES NETO, V. S. (CatolicaSC); FRAZON E. M. (UFSC); DUCLÓS, L. C. (PUC-SC)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is a recurring theme and source of discussions in various fields, whether government, business and academic institutions. The need to reduce emissions of pollutants has become a constant concern, and in the racing companies, the focal point lies in manufactured goods and the generation of emissions to the environment resulting from their production processes. One of the concepts that is in evidence is called Cleaner Production (CP), which refers to a new way to see the productive operations, whose aim is to generate less environmental impacts during the production process, ie before the "end-of-pipe". In this context, this article aims to analyze the results obtained through interventions in the production process in an electroplating company. The research fits as an exploratory case study and the results show substantial gains occurred surveyed using the new method, both environmental and economic order, which represents an important opportunity for application in other companies. Keywords: Sustainability, Environmental Management, Cleaner Production, Plating [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Applying of Ecological Cost Accounting in a Dye Discoloring Process J. M. Rosa (UNINOVE/SENAI/UNICAMP), M. A. Pereira, F. H. Pereira, E. A. Baptista, F. A. Calarge, J. C. C. Santana (UNINOVE), E. B. Tambourgi (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This work sought to apply the Accounting of Complete Ecological Costs (ACEC) methodology in a textile segment company through the reutilization of colored wastewater, after treatment by advanced oxidation processes (POA) in reactors using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a catalysis activated by ultraviolet light (UV). Facing the worries with the sustainable development and the difficulty in measuring environmental costs through the traditional accounting method, the proposed methodology tries to integrate costs, either internal or external ones, into a single dimension. At reducing the environmental impacts, the company shows a proactive position regarding the sustainability, becoming sustainable itself. The study presented the financial and ecological economy obtained, thus showing this process is efficient and may be used by companies in the textile sector for reutilizing water, reducing the financial and ecological costs, as well as the negative externalities. Keywords: Advanced oxidation process, UV/H2O2, ecologic cost accounting, dye discoloring, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Are Sustainability Management Systems (SMS) really promising? J. Esquer-Peralta; L. Velazquez; N. Munguia (University of Sonora - Mexico)
|
Abstract: The concepts of Sustainable Development (SD) and Management Systems (MS) are finding increasing acceptance in a variety of fields, including academy, politics, and non-governmental organizations. These concepts are also being used by the general population. This paper describes the perception of different experts by discussing about the usefulness of Sustainability Management Systems (SMS) as holistic systems that might integrate environmental, social, and economic elements. Fourteen interviews have been conducted with several experts around the world. Some of them are professionals in Sustainability issues in general, and some of them in environmental, health and safety (EHS) issues in particular. The results have shown that, although there is a continuous debate on the sustainability approach, several core elements can be addressed through Sustainability Management Systems (SMS). Keywords: Sustainability Management System (SMS), performance-based approach, sustainable development |
||
Artificial Stone Produced with Stone Powder and Polymerica Agglomerant AGUIAR, M. C.; SILVA, A. G. P. (UENF); GADIOLI, M. C. B. (CETEM)
|
Abstract: Artificial stone are nowadays extremely important in civil construction, constituting remarkable branches of this industry. This material is produced by 95% of natural aggregates, that is, it is considered practically natural material. The objective of this work was to study the production of artificial stone for application in interior lining, using waste from the marble industry of the Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES region. The physical and mechanical properties of the plates and composites and matrix with resin were studied, with the addition of marble waste in a specific range of 20, 80 and 180 mesh granulometry. The plates were produced by means of the vacuum vibration technique. For the parts produced the density and the water absorption were determined. The material was submitted to tests of resistance to compression and flexion. The artificial marble presented good properties, with its maximum bending tensile strength of 37.75 MPa and maximum compressive strength of 72.47 MPa. The results indicated that the marble waste has great potential for its use in the production of artificial stone and is an alternative to give a destination for this waste generated in the order of millions of tons that represents serious environmental problem. Keywords: Artificial stone, marble, resin [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
As Simple Improvements Affect the Eco-Efficiency of Road Freight Transport VISCARDI, T.B.; HAMMES, G.; SOUZA, E.D.; RODRIGUEZ, C.M.T. (UFSC); ROJAS, R.H ; MOJICA, J.C. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Currently the demand for the reduction of the generated environmental impact is one of the objectives of the organizations due to the external and internal pressures, that make the companies look for environmentally correct solutions for their operations. However, the difficulty is to make these green practices economically viable. Eco-efficiency aims to measure the impact caused and compare it with the value of the product and / or service. This indicator allows generating information for decision making to introduce an environmental management considered financially viable. This article was based on a model of evaluation of the ecoefficiency of the sector of transport of loads, which, was tested in a company and presented the ecoefficiency of the vehicles, as well as suggestions of improvements. In this article we tried to simulate those results in an ideal scenario to understand how to maximize ecoefficiency in this sector. It was perceived that the proposed improvements have a greater impact on the emission of carbon generated in the transport and increase the indicator of ecoeficiencia of the organization. This shows that, when simple measures are applied, companies achieve good results in an environmental and financial way. The article still presents a comparison with the current scenario and the discussions on the subject. Keywords:Transport. Performance evaluation. Eco-efficiency. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Assessing the Application of Cleaner Production Techniques in a Dairy in Southern Bahia SANTOS, F. F.; ANDRADE, R. S.; LOPES, R. C. S. Q.; ALMEIDA NETO, J. A. (UESC)
|
Abstract: The dairy products are of great importance for southern Bahia, because they contribute to the development and regional economic diversification, but it is necessary to be aware of the possible environmental impacts arising from its activities. Given this, the adoption of preventive practices such as Cleaner Production (CP) can contribute the improvement of production processes and provide economic gains, environmental protection and better work environment. Thus, this study aimed to identify techniques and opportunities for cleaner production (CP) in a dairy ofthe region. For this, we carried out a literature review, technical visits and questionnaires, obtaining information about characterization, CP and Environmental Management, environmental aspects and impacts. The study indicated that the dairy has a high potential polluter, mainly due to the lack of structured environmental programs. However, it was already adopting some environmental practices, such as pluvial water reuse, treatment stations and standard techniques adoption. Furthermore, the study has given the opportunity to find Cleaner production actions that could improve production conditions and organization for long and short lines,associated withthe interest of the company in knowing others actions and methods that might contribute to minimizing its impact and propitiate economic gains. Thus, the opportunities presented themselves for CP adequate to company for its level. Keywords: Sustainability, environmental impacts, eco-efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Assessment and Implementation of a Cleaner Production Opportunity Furniture Industry in a Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais C. H. R. Massote (e2 Environmental Consulting), A. M. M. Santi (UFOP)
|
Abstract: Based on the application of concepts and methodology of Cleaner Production - CP in an industry of the furniture sector - Mod Line Soluções Corporativas Ltda -, installed in the municipality of Contagem, Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, as a management tool available for achieving eco-efficiency and obtain environmental benefits associated with economic gains, promoted himself in two productive sectors of the company an audit of generation of waste and effluent, using tools for evaluating material flows and water, to support the identification, assessment and deployment of nine preventive opportunities for CP, which resulted in minimizing waste and industrial effluents generation, and consequently, decreasing the inflow of raw materials, inputs and water. The deployment of nine opportunities for CP provided for undertaking an annual savings of about U.S. $ 103,000.00, obtained by minimizing of the generation of solid waste and wastewater emissions, in amounts equivalent to 374,000.00 kg and 200,000.00 L, respectively, added to reduce the annual consumption of 381,000.00 kg of raw materials and 200,000.00 L of water, ie, the minimization of process losses. This article will be a description and assessment of only one of the opportunities for CP, of which nine were implanted, through the adoption of technological innovations in the production process involved, resulted in considerable environmental and economic benefits. Keywords: Cleaner Production (CP). Optimization production processes. Environmental management. Industry furniture. Brazil (Minas Gerais). [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Assessment and Management of the Carbon Footprint in the Research Center Santa Lucia (UNIPAZ) (Barrancabermeja, Santander) ÁVILA, O.A.; PINILLA, L.; RAMIREZ, J. (UNIPAZ - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The investigation was made in the Center of Investigation of Santa Lucía (CISL) in the University Institute of Peace (UNIPAZ), in order to create the baseline of its main sources of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions (Methane, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen, etc.) generated directly (by use of fossil fuels and generation of animal faeces) and indirectly (by consumption of electrical energy) and to establish the level of atmospheric affectation, by means of the estimation of the carbon footprint (CF) under the Life cycle Analysis "LCA " method , according to the norm NTC-ISO 14040/14044 of 2006 (Software SIMAPRO 7.1®, IMPACT 2002 evaluation method) and NTC-ISO 14067 of 2013 (IPCC GWP method). The scope of the environmental assessment contemplated the energy consumption required during a month of academic activities (by 1.941 individuals) in the different areas: administrative (offices), library (library, auditoriums, systems rooms, cafeterias), external area (agricultural sector), public lighting, nursing), building of classrooms, power plants, combustion of ACPM in transport and generation of faeces (porcine, bovine, equine and poultry). The baseline was made from the collection of information through surveys, field visits and validation with bibliographic references, where the quantification of the global energy consumption associated with the use of electrical and electronic equipment was determined (2.75491,53 MJ/month), as well as the use of ACPM fuel for the personnel mobilization (5.282,39 gal/month) and finally the generation of feces (64,80 kg / day) for all the evaluated species. According to the environmental analysis obtained by the IPCC GWP method, over time the total effect of the power of global warming (225.109 kg CO2 eq) in periods of 20 years was estimated (impact of 55%, equivalent to 124.815 kg CO2 eq.), 100 years (impact of 28%, equivalent to 61.833 kg CO2 eq.) and 500 years (impact of 17%, equivalent to 38460 kg CO2 eq.). The monthly Carbon Footprint estimated by the CISL was 31.983,14 kg CO2 eq, equivalent to a monthly per capita of 15.07 kg CO2 eq, which means that the CISL has greater CO2 absorption capacity through the native forests and sown, that the same emission that is generated (> 97% approximately). When comparing the value obtained by the UNIPAZ, with the CF per capita in Colombia (141,7 kg CO2 eq), it is clear that the per capita emission generated by the CISL is much lower, because the activities carried out within the facilities of the campus are different and of shorter duration than those commonly done in the home. Keywords: Carbon footprint, life cycle analysis, greenhouse gases, potential environmental impact. |
||
Assessment of Demand and Potential Associated with Solid Waste Management in Emerging Cities: The Case of the City of Rio das Ostras, RJ VALLEJO, F. M. A.; MONTEIRO, L. P. C. (UFF)
|
Abstract: The rapid urban and population growth observed in some Brazilian cities in recent years, associated with the troubling framework of management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the country has as a consequence environmental problems that tend to gain scale in the future. Note that there is a technology and management lag relative to some efficient models adopted in developed countries that use waste as a feedstock in power generation and maintains high standards of environmental control. Therefore this paper addresses, holistically, the problems of urban waste management, as well as the main routes that can be taken to advance the department in accordance with the guidelines of the National Solid Waste. For a closer view of reality, a case study was conducted in the city of Rio das Ostras, RJ, where was diagnosed a scenario that, despite being above the national average, is still far of desirable standards characterized by difficulties in meet the growing demand, large wastage of materials and lack of adequate treatment for most waste. Based on collected data in the field and in the literature, were made projections of future scenarios considering population growth. It was estimated that if nothing is done, the city will need to triple its garbage disposal capacity in less than 10 years. On the other hand, from some actions and investments, is possible to reverse this framework using the economic and energy potentials associated with the management of MSW generating countless benefits to the city. Actions such as separating waste for recycling, installing biodecom position centrals and framing the landfill as CDM were considered most advantageous to be implemented in the short term considering the factors of technical, economic and environmental involved. Yet, not rule out the use of heat treatment for some types of materials, and eventually even to the RSU. However, it was concluded that a new approach of municipal administrations, especially those growing cities, it is possible to manage the waste more efficiently resulting economic advantages and also protecting the environment. Keywords: Waste management, MSW, urban growth, environment, waste to energy |
||
Assessment of Energy, Global, and CO2 Emission Efficiencies of Sand Production from Construction and Demolition Materials BORGES, R. F. M., AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: At the same time in which the market of building construction generates gross domestic product (GDP) and collaborates with social-economical growth, it generates large load on environment due to materials and energy use as well as the waste generated. Among others, the building construction waste (BCW) deserves special attention because it corresponds to about 50% of total solid waste generated in the Earth. Specifically for the São Paulo city, Brazil, the BCW corresponds to about 66% in mass of total solid waste generated within the city, which demands high economic and energetic cost for its transport to landfills. In an attempt to overcome the resources wasteful, the use of BCW as raw material in producing sand for building construction could be considered as a good alternative, because usually sand corresponds up to 50% of total recycled BCW in mass. On the other hand, recycling BCW to produce sand also demands resources as materials, energy and labor to transport the BCW until recycling plant and in all other related processes as separation, size reduction, classification, and sand transport until final user. This work aims to assess the energetic-environmental performance of BCW recycling process in producing sand for building construction in São Paulo city. For this, energy analysis, emergy accounting (with an “m”), and global warming potential (GWP) are the methodologies used. Results indicate that energy efficiency (0.12 MJ/kg sand), global efficiency (3.09E10 seJ/kg sand) and the GWP (0.016 kgCO2-eq./kg sand) of recycled sand from BCW have better performance when compared to referenced values of sand produced traditionally from natural extraction. It is recognized the need of higher amount and diversity of referenced values for comparison, but these preliminary results indicate that recycling sand from BCW suggests, a priori, a good alternative in comparison with sand obtained from natural extraction. Keywords: Embodied energy, Emergy accounting, Global warming, Recycled sand. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Assessment of Soil Fertility and the Elements Nickel, Chromium, Lead and Cadmium in Soil Cultivated with Coffee for Ten Years using Limestone Compared to the Use of Agrosilício® and these Two to Soil Under Natural Vegetation DAMATO NETO, J.; CUNHA, D. N.; SOUZA, C. M.; SANTOS, M. A.; SILVA, M. L.; PEDROSO, M. (UFV)
|
Abstract: Before Christ, the application of residues in agriculture was already a common practice. steel slag can be used for acidity correction. However, the soil contamination is a problem. The objective of this study was to analyze an area where Agrosilício® (steel slag) was applied comparing to two areas (one with no correction and another one with limestone application). The soil samplings weredonein native forest areas and coffee plantations, one area managed only withlimestone application and another with Agrosilício®, both with ten years of application of the products. The sampling depths were 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20; 20-30; 30-40; 40-60; 60-80 and under 80 centimeters, in two repetitions. It was analyzed routine fertility and the elements: boron, chromium, nickel and cadmium. Limestone and Agrosilício®showed similar results for the analyzed features. Keywords:heavy metals, native forest, silicon, steel slag, soil amendments [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Assessment of the Integration Between Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Management Processes in Brazilian Companies CAZERI, G. T.; ANHOLON, R.; COOPER ORDOÑEZ, R. E.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF)
|
Abstract: This article aims to assessment the integration between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and management processes in Brazilian companies, according to perception of professionals with expertise in the theme. The strategy used was a survey, using as instrument to collect data a questionnaire. Data were collected from 48 respondents, and these data were analyzed using the Multidimensional Scheduling (EMD) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) for one factor. The EMD was used to identify outlier respondents and AFE was used to order the practices studied. The results showed improvement opportunities in all practices and that some practices are developed superficially. When analyzed comparatively, using factorial scores, two practices were highlighted. The first one associated to report the results to the stakeholders and the second one associated to performance evaluation via indicators. On the other hand, it was also noticed that practices with lower application degrees are related to planning activities, which compromises better results in the integration process. The results presented here are important and can be useful for business managers and academics in future research.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Integration with Management Process, Survey [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Assessment of the Performance of Cajanus cajan in the Phytoextraction and Translocation of Lead CUNHA, D. N.; DAMATO NETO, J.; SOUZA, C. M.; SILVA, M. L. (UFV)
|
Abstract: Heavy metals are high molecular weight elements that, in high concentrations, put in risk all biodiversity. Lead (Pb) is one of the most soil contaminant heavy metals and one of the biggest environmental problems of the modern world. Hence, the development of methods and techniques are required for controlling the harmful effects resulting from contamination, especially in the soil. The technique that stands out most is the phytoremediation, which aims to decontaminate the soil and water through the use of plants. Cajanuscajan, also known as pigeon pea, is an annual or semi-perennial shrub legume with several uses, among them, as improving plant soil, due to its phytoremediation capacity, mainly through phytoextraction technique, since its potential in removing metals from soil by absorption and accumulation in roots and aerial part. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Cajanuscajan in phytoextraction and translocation of lead. We selected 50 Cajanuscajan seeds and put to germinate in a container containing chemically analyzed soil. The samples were dried in an oven and stored in identified paper bags. The dry matter production of root, aerial part and whole plant (root + aerial part) were determined using analytical scale. In laboratory the levels of lead in roots and aerial part were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental design was completely randomized and the results were submitted to analysis of variance, applying the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. Comparing the averages of fresh and dry weight of Cajanuscajan, in general, it was observed that they decreased, both aerial part and root, as increased the lead contents the samples were exposed to. The concentration of Pb in these compartments increased with increasing concentration of the solution added to the soil. Phytotoxicity symptoms were observed in some samples, such as yellowing and leaf drop. There was also a reduction in the growth of plants exposed to 1000 µmol L-1 of lead acetate in comparison with the other samples and the amount of Pb present in the roots was much higher than that amounttranslocated to the aerial part. As the roots showed a higher amount of lead, it is recommended that in the case of the process being used at larger scales, they must be incinerated or disposed of in appropriate trenches in landfills. The specie Cajanus cajan showed good efficiency in lead phytoextraction, proving its considerable importance and practical applicability in the recovery of areas contaminated by that element. Keywords: Phytoremediation, pigeon pea, heavy metals, contaminated sites, bioremediation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Assessment of the Presence of Ecodesign Principles in a Chemical Company M. Borchardt; M. A. Sellitto; G. M. Pereira (UNISINOS); M. H. Wendt (Artecola Indústrias Químicas)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a case study about ecodesign constructs assessment based on a
multicriterial decision support method, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The assessment
took place in a chemical firm. The methodology was developed considering that the application
in other organizations, belonging to other industries, is available. Firstly, a theoretical framework
about ecodesign concepts and practices was prepared. Then, a focus group with multidisciplinary
team of experts in eco-conception identified seven ecodesign constructs describing the top term
ecodesign. The constructs are: materials, product components, product and process
characteristics, use of energy, product distribution and stocks, packing and waste. Each
construct was deployed in items. Using the AHP, the ecodesign constructs were weighted by the
company respondents and it was possible identified the relative importance of each construct. Keywords: Ecodesign, design for environment, analytic hierarchy process [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Assessment of the Viability of Production of Ceramic Tiles from Waste Generated in the Casting Process Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxide of Aluminum Alloy SOUZA, C.S., ANTUNES, M.L.P. (UNESP), DALLA VALENTINA, L.V.O. (UDESC), RANGEL, E.C., CRUZ, N.C. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The casting process is the production of metal parts when a metal or molten metal alloy is placed on a hollow mold made of sand. During fabrication of sand molds is generated as a byproduct dust exhaust. Disposal of this waste has several environmental damage as a modification of the natural landscape and occupation of large areas with landfilling, beyond this material is potentially toxic if disposed in uncontrolled areas. In order to use this waste, this work proposes the use of this waste for the production and characterization of coatings, such as protection film on an aluminum alloy surface plasma electrolytic oxide (PEO). The PEO is a process where the atmospheric plasma and conventional electrolysis are combined for the change of metal surfaces in ceramic oxides. In this work, the coatings were obtained in aluminum alloys by means of plasma electrolytic, electrolyte solution prepared using an exhaust dust and distilled water in concentrations of 5g / L and 20g / L. The electrolytic plasma was obtained by applying a potential difference of 650V, 300Hz frequency, duty cycle of + 60% to -20% and utilizing deposition time of 600s and 1200s. Were asked the exhaust powder analysis and film analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The composition of the coatings showed the presence of O, Al, Si, Fe, K, Mg, Na, C, where all concentrations increased with longer deposition. This study also showed that the coatings obtained from concentration of 20g / L and 1200s deposition produce uneven coatings and low adhesion, the condition being discharged for further studies. Keywords: Casting residue, ceramic coating, plasma electrolytic oxide, aluminum [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Backcasting and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Contribution HOMRICH, A. S.; CARVALHO, M. M. (USP)
|
Abstract: Given the global needs for sustainable movement aligned to the concept of the Triple-Bottom-Line of Elkinton (1998) emerges the need for strategic planning and real engagement of stakeholders groups regarding the turning actions towards visions of the future, this is the approach known as backcasting. From these references, this paper aims to give an overview of the academic literature on backcasting for sustainability, describing trends, authors and the main topics discussed. The methodological approach used was a literature review with bibliometric analysis techniques and content analysis. Searches were conducted in the scientific database ISI Web of Knowledge. The initial sample for analysis consisted of 101 published articles between 1985 and 2014, expanded to the references cited in these articles. The sample was analyzed with respect to the evolution of publications, citations, identification of key journals, authors and works. To content analysis and main themes, proceeded to a selection based on the categorization promoted by the database and reading the abstracts, resulting in a total of 31 articles. The results indicate a significant increase of published papers and citations over the period. Models of backcasting studies identified in the literature converge: commitment and involvement of stakeholders; use of interactive modeling tools, workshops, questionnaires, interviews, etc. as well as efforts to monitor and stimulate the dissemination of social learning. Most studies focus on countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden Keywords: Backcasting, Sustenability, Framework, Stakeholders. Bibliometric study [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
BACON Project: Protecting Water Resources Against Potential Chemical Industrial Accidents A. Toledo; J. Galgaro (Rhodia)
|
Abstract: The Atibaia and Anhumas rivers are part of the Piracicaba and Capivari hydrologic region, which supplies water for more than three million people and it is essential for agricultural production at regional level. The RHODIA chemistry plant is located close to these rivers and the consequence of potential accidents/incidents would be very negative to the aquatic life and the people located at downstream. In this sense, it was projected and implemented the BACON project, which is a protection system to the Atibaia and Anhumas rivers. BACON prevents that contaminated water goes to the rivers. This paper describes the BACON project since when it was established in 1997 until its closure in 2000. Keywords: Rivers, Drippings, Protection, BACON [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Barriers to the Adoption of Green Buildings on Higher Education Institutions KASAI, N. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are responsible for significant environmental impacts, both for the massive amount of activities they develop every day, and for their resemblance with "small cities". In this context, HEIs have been suggested to search for a better environmental adequation, and one of the strategies for that to succeed is the adoption of green buildings. However, some researchs, especially the international ones, have been pointing that this kind of initiative usually faces several barriers, on organizational and financial basis, among others. These barriers may be occurring as well in Higher Education Institutions, more specifically in Engineering Colleges which have been receiving a special attention of the Brazilian government and organizations that provide research incentive to raise the quality and amount of graduate engineers in Brazil. In that context, the objective of this article is, therefore, to identify which are the most important barriers to the implementation of more environmentally sustainable buildings in Higher Education Institutions, and, based on research in the available literature, propose suggestions to eliminate these obstacles. Keywords: Green Buildings, Engineering College, Environmental Management, Higher Education |
||
Barriers to Implementation of the Waste Management Plan: A Case Study ARRAGE, H. A.; AL KHATIB, M. M.; ANTONIASSI, B. A.; PINTO, E. M.; PAVELOSKI, E. M. (Universidade do Sagrado Coração)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results from an evaluation of barriers encountered in the initial phase of implementation of an Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan carried out in a medium-sized commercial enterprise. The Shopping Center are currently passing for a process of implementing the Integrated waste management plan and, already at this stage, organizational, cultural, attitudinal, technical and economic obstacles have been detected, thus are being treated as challenge by its administration. So that, the integrated waste management plan is conducted in order to attend the Planning and Current laws. This evaluation, which consists of a diagnosis of the real situations involving employees, clients and management groups, has been followed throughout the entire process and will serve as a basis for the formulation of corrective strategies during the implementation of the integrated waste management plan. This seeks to comply with the legislation recommended in the National Solid Waste Policy through a correct classification, destination and or treatment of the main waste generated, as well as, the targets for reduction and better alternatives for the environmental sustainability. The results demonstrate barriers especially in the organizational, systemic, economic, technical and attitudinal order, with emphasis on the previous lack of knowledge of employees and , entrepreneurs, regarding compliance requirements of Brazilian Law 12305/2010. The results obtained support a parallel work that has just begun and that promotes environmental education and actions, with the aim to integrate the society in the process of reduction, reuse and recycling of waste. Keywords: Barrier, Waste Management, Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, National Solid Waste Policy, Urban Solid Waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Barriers to the Implementation of Cleaner Production as Ecoefficiency Practice in Small and Medium Enterprises in the State of Rio de Janeiro M. T. B. Rossi (UFF); M. M. L. Barata (IOC/Fiocruz-RJ)
|
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify how small and medium business in the state of Rio de Janeiro, can overcome the implementation barriers of cleaner production and as a consequence become more eco-efficient. In that context, the methodology used was the research and exploration of the available biography in order to identify the main known barriers for the implementation of cleaner production in the world and in Brazil, and its application and similarities to small enterprises located in Rio de Janeiro. As a result, a proposal for a strategic plan was developed including enabling actions for the adoption of cleaner production directed to the specific cases found in the small and medium companies of the Rio de Janeiro State. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Barriers, Eco-efficiency, Strategy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Behavior of the energy consumption of the air conditioning system for an office building in four climatic zones of Colombia BALBIS-MOREJON, M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); TOVAR-OSPINO, I. R. (Universidad Autónoma del Caribe/REFRINORTE S.A. - Colombia); SOUSA-SANTOS, V.; CASTRO-PEÑA, J.J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In Colombia, the use of air conditioning systems increases and becomes a fundamental need to ensure comfort in buildings. The analysis of the energy behavior was carried out for four climatic zones of Colombia, including Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla. For each location, a large office building with an air conditioning system was simulated with the EnergyPlus V8.6 simulation tool. The air conditioning system corresponds to a centralized system, where two scenarios were generated, one with variable VAV air volume and the other with constant air volume with Fan Coil FC type terminal units. The results indicate that in Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla the VAV air conditioning system, with 33.5%, 9.7% and 14.9%, respectively, presents greater savings in the total energy consumption of the building, in the case of Bogotá, the use of the FC system with 0.32% has greater potential. The cooling and pumping subsystems also present savings potentials, although to a lesser extent than the global system. The study showed the importance of verification and prediction of energy consumption, considering energy consumption data systems and subsystems installed in the building and basic configurations of air conditioning equipment. Keywords: Energy consumption, air conditioning systems, simulation, buildings, climate. |
||
Benefits of Integrating Life Cycle Assessment into the Product Development LUZ, L. M.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; PIERKARSKI, C. M. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The development of sustainable products has been perceived as a challenging issue in academia and industry. In order to meet the demands of sustainable development and minimize the complexity involved in this process, tools have been developed and applied to the product development process (PDP). Among them is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that has been increasingly used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and a new trend results in the application of LCA still in the PDP, from being retrospective to being prospective. This can bring several benefits to the organization. Therefore, the present article aims to make a survey of the main benefits obtained by the integration of LCA in the PDP. For this, a methodological approach was used to review the literature. With this study it can be noticed that despite the barriers found in the integration of the LCA in the PDP, the LCA has great potential to contribute significantly in the optimization of this process and to result in several benefits for the organization. Keywords: life cycle assessment, product development process, integrating, benefits [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Benefits of Optimization Process in Water Treatment Plants - Case Study SANASA Campinas SIQUEIRA, S. L. (UNICAMP/SANASA-Campinas); ISAAC, R. L. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: In many water drinking treatment plants, the chemical applications are made with manualsequipment. These dosing controls are very difficult and depend of the experience of the operators. The water drinkingtreatment depends on several factors such as pH, turbidity, color and origin of the sample to be treated. These and other factors can determine the best chemical to be used and the best pH of coagulation and flocculation. Generally the treatment in higher values of pH may lead to an increased consumption of coagulants with a consequent increase in the sludge production. The use of aluminum salts and iron is common in water treatment plants. These products have capacities of treatment in different ranges of pH and the correct choice will influence the kinetics of the reaction s involved with consequent production of a higher or lower amount of sludge. Another important factor is the high cost that a wrong choice will lead to the process, because, in addition to direct consumption of coagulant and increased sludge generation, there may be a higher consumption of other products indirectly. This work show the results of accurate control and the choice of the best product for water drinking treatment with environmental and financial benefits which provided a reduction of over 40% in the consumption of chemicals including the coagulant and lime, in addition to the almost total reduction of the use of powdered activated carbon. As a indirect consequence of optimization process, there was a large reduction in the generation of sludge that has a high cost for your treatment and disposal. Keywords: Dewatering, clean production, reduction of waste, water treatment, sludge treatment
|
||
Best Management Practices and Environmental Management in Aquaculture – Indicators for Monitoring in Multiple Scales RODRIGUES, G. S.; QUEIROZ, J. F.; FRIGHETTO, R. T. S.; SAMPAIO, F. G. (Embrapa); FRASCA-SCORVO, C. M. D. (APTA); COUTO, K. R.; RODRIGUES, I. A. (Embrapa)
|
Abstract: The promotion of sustainable aquaculture depends on the documented adoption of Best Management Practices (BMPs), associated with the monitoring of environmental health, of the availability of natural resources (especially uncontaminated waters and sediments), and of the efficient use of inputs. In order to ensure a traceable and organized procedure to help fish farmers to comply with these requisites, a set of environmental performance indicators has been integrated into an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system, under the coordination of the Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (MPA), through a research project carried out in the Furnas reservoir (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). This choice of location aims at supporting a national policy, dedicated to implement ‘Aquaculture Parks’ in the large reservoirs associated with hydroelectric facilities in the country. These ‘Parks’ have been delimitated in selected areas, following careful diagnostics of hydrodynamics, carrying capacity evaluations, multiple water uses and conflicting interests, to receive permits to install cages for fish production. One provision of said policy charges MPA to offer producers with monitoring programs related with environmental impact and social benefit assessments of these aquaculture ventures. A challenge for such monitoring programs is to encompass the multiple scales represented by (i) the individual aquaculture ventures (be these small or large numbers of fish cages for each fish farmer), (ii) the collective association of producers in an ‘aquaculture park’, and (iii) the community at large eventually affected by these businesses. Furthermore, the monitoring procedure should emphasize the ability to promote and recommend adoption of BMPs, while facilitating the record keeping of environmental quality and resource carrying capacity information. The primary component of this record keeping, environmental management and resource monitoring procedure has been formulated as a ‘Weighted Impact Assessment System for Best Management Practices in Aquaculture’ (APOIA-Aquaculture), comprised of 68 indicators integrated in a multi-attribute platform to assess the ‘Spatial organization’ of the enterprises (in a set of 22 indicators), the analytical conditions of ‘Water quality’ (14 indicators), and ‘Quality of the sediments’ (09 indicators), and the conditions regarding ‘Management, nutrition and safety’ (23 indicators). A series of case studies has been carried out at the Furnas reservoir, in order to check the flexibility of the impact assessment system towards the different enterprise typologies, and its applicability as an environmental management tool for producers. Interestingly, a subset of ‘sediment quality indicators’ is frequently showing sensitivity as a record of mismanagement, especially those linked with inadequate feeding management. For instance, organic matter and phosphate contents increased markedly from sediments sampled ~10m upstream (considering the local current flows) as compared to just under the cages. The main reasons for these changes seemed to be the inadequate identification of cages, with consequent poor control on feeding practices and impossible bookkeeping. Such indicator interactions, and related management tradeoffs and improved practice recommendations, are stressed in ‘Environmental Management Reports’ offered to producers’ decision making. Further development of the methodology is now focusing the formulation of a set of ‘Natural resources and environmental assets sharing’ indicators, to address the joint organization of the upcoming ‘aquaculture parks’, in compliance with the multiple uses intended to these territories around major water bodies. Keywords: Aquaculture, impact assessment, environmental management, water quality, Best Production Practices |
||
Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Product Life Cycle Management, Product Development Process and Sustainability and their Interfaces A. Varandas Junior (USP), P. A. C. Miguel (UFSC), M. M. de Carvalho (USP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a review, classification, codification, and analysis of the literature of the concepts Product Life Cycle Management (PLM), New Product Development (NPD), Sustainability and their interfaces. It seeks to map the literature on those concepts by bibliometric analysis. The analysis is supported by software (UCINET and SITKIS) to present the relations among the concepts, networks of citations and references, and related topics. Subsequently, the paper identifies a gap in the literature on perspectives for future research. ISI Web of Knowledge database is accessed as well as a Brazilian portal which is linked to various databases (CAPES). The analysis considers publications between 2006 and 2010, classifying according to various criteria. When classifying the papers, difficulties were encountered in identifying the research methods, since there was limited information on many articles. The results show that the papers are published in a dispersed way in different journals. The majority of them adopt case study as a methodological research approach as well as theoretical-based conceptual papers. Concerning the nature of the data, qualitative approach is more used than the quantitative one. Most papers are descriptive studies. One of the reasons might be due to the fact that these concepts are not well consolidated in the literature. The examined publications incorporated the concept of sustainability and PLM in the NPD process and are more extensively applied in industries, supply chain and software development. Papers usually emphasises the improvement NPD, performance assessment, and the integration of information from different areas. Finally, the article concludes that the literature converges to an integration of the concepts of sustainability and PLM, within the current practices of the NPD. There is a trend increased towards environmental issues demanded by society and the need of organizations to employ strategies that consider product end of life (remanufacturing, recycling and reuse). Keywords: Product development process (PDP). Product life cycle management (PLM). Sustainability. |
||
Bibliometric Mapping of Scientific Literature of Eco-Innovation (1978-2017) VAZ, C. R.; LEZANA, A. G. R.; URIONA MALDONADO, M. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: This article aimed to present a bibliometric mapping on the theme Eco-Innovation, to allow the researcher to understand the state of the art of the researched area. The research was classified as a review of structured, exploratory-descriptive literature. The Web of Science database was used in January 2017 with the combination of five keywords in the 40 year time period. Histology, VOSviewer and NAILS software were used to analyze the data. The results were presented as follows: i) the most representative versus most cited authors, ii) the main research centers versus the countries, iii) the more representative journals versus the more cited ones, iv) the cooccurrences of keywords, v) the more articles Quoted versus most cited references. In this way, it can be concluded that the first published work on the subject was in 1978 by Kostomo, the issue of Environmental Innovation in Finland. The most representative authors, both in the sample and in the number of citations, are the authors Rennings, Horbach, Mazzanti, Chen, Kemp, Wagner and Oltra. The most representative journals in the sample and number of citations are the Journal of Cleaner Production and Ecological Economics. In relation to research centers, the University of Ferrara and the University of Castilla de la Mancha stand out, both in terms of the number of documents and the number of citations. The most representative countries are UK, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. And finally, the paper that presented the most citation and is found in the cited references, is that of Rennings, entitled Redefining innovation - eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics, with 151 citations. Keywords: Green Innovation, Sustainable Innovation, Environmental Innovation, Eco-Innovation, Bibliometric Analysis |
||
Bibliometrics Analysis in the SJCP's Coming from IWACP: Ten Years Working Together for a Sustainable Future OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; PINTO, F. R.; COSTA, I. S. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The aim this research was assessment the papers published in the five Special Journal of Cleaner Production resultings of discussions and publishers in the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production to present drivers to future researchs. In data analysis was investigated the research methods utilized, researched countries, ecoeficiency tolls adopted and mainly the approaches of research in terms environmental, economics and social. The method adopted was bibliometric and content revision in 167 paper with data analysis through descriptive statistics and analysis of social networks with the use of UCINET-Draw. We conclude some opportunities for future research: (i) development of more research using the research-action methodology for the development of conceptual models and implementation in organizational practice; (Ii) although good foreign relations in SJCP publications from the IWACP could present cases that show comparisons among countries with Brazil to show means of technology transfer to improve the environmental management of Brazilian companies; (Iii) the opportunity to conduct research on industrial ecology and exergy; And (iv) future research focusing on the relationship between the three variables (environmental, economic and social), contributing to sustainability. Keywords: Bibliometrics analysis, International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production |
||
Biodiversity Loss due to Climatic Impact of Land Use in LCA: a Case Study in Regionalization of Carbon Transfer Data in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest M. V. Lange, C. M. L. Ugaya (UTFPR) |
Abstract: Land use leads to different impacts on nature, so that the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of land use should include at least the impacts on biodiversity, biotic production and regulatory functions in the natural environment. This study focuses on the climatic effect of land use, determined by the carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and atmosphere, considering reabsorption by the earth's surface, aiming to generate usable data for assessing the loss of biodiversity. There are current methods for LCA use, which provide data for the main world biogeographic regions. But considering that carbon transfers are very specific for each microregion of the globe and even the existence of a more detailed division of biomes in each country – each of them with significant differences in species, ecological dynamics, ecological interactions and environmental conditions – a regionalization of the data for the Brazilian biomes is proposed, considering the main land uses. As an example and for validation of the data regionalization process, the study is focused on obtaining data of carbon transfers in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Therefore, initially, data on carbon stocks in soil and vegetation, for each of the strata of the Atlantic Forest Biome, were collected and tabulated. Then, calculation procedures were performed, considering not only the amount transferred, but also the permanence of carbon in the atmosphere, to finally determine values for the carbon transfer to the air due to implantation of pastures in the different strata, expressed as fossil-combustion-equivalent tons of carbon. The case study allowed the conclusion that the regional data are quite different from the generic data previously found for rainforests. Furthermore, differences were found between the values of carbon transfer to the various strata that make up the same biome - the Atlantic Forest. Thus is reinforced the need to regionalize the data on carbon transfer in order to make them more realistic and reliable. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Carbon Transfers due to Land Use. Biodiversity Loss |
||
Biogas Production from Manure of the Fish Farming MACHADO, S. T.; JORDAN, R. A.; SANTOS, R. C.; PAOLETTO, A. M; REIS, J. G. M.; AVÁLO, H. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: This paper evaluated the potential of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of manure of the fish farming, species Tilapia Gift (Oreochromis niloticus). This study is part of a pilot project conducted in order to evaluate feasibility to biogas production from manure of the fish farming in zone of Grande Dourados-MS, conducted by Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). For construction of the biodigester and gasometer model used in this work was two plastic gallon with capacity of 50 liters and white PVC pipe. The results of this study indicate a potential of 917 cm³ / day per 50 gallons of the gross material with retention time 10 days. Thus, it is possible to use manure from fish farming to produce biogas. Keywords: Biogas. Pisciculture. Tilapia Gift (Oreochromis niloticus)
|
||
Biopaper Obtained from Microorganisms L. Xavier Filho (Universidade Tiradentes); P. Basmaji (Inovatecs); C. V. Córdoba (Complutense University - Spain)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose the production of biopaper from microorganisms’ biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose. The potential capacity of microorganisms to form biocellulose and hemicellulose fibbers was analyzed. Biocellulose/biohemicellulose is expected to be a new biodegradable biopolymer. Keywords: Biopolymer, fermentation, microorganisms, Acetobacter xylinum
|
||
Bird Survey as an Indication of Environmental Integrity in Preservation Areas SANTOS, E. N.; VENDRAMETTO, L. P.; VERAS, D. S. (Syngenta); CHRISTOFFOLETI, P. J. (ESALQ); RODRIGUES, R. S. O. (Syngenta)
|
Abstract: Preservation areas are mandatory for all Brazilian farmers, according to Forest Act – Law 12.651 of May 25th, 2012. The purpose of these areas is the maintenance of the flora, fauna quality of the soil and water. A Bird Survey was performanced on a preservation area of a small agricultural property in Holambra – São Paulo - Brazil. This property follows the good agricultural practices so that erosion, soil and water contamination are avoided. The preservation areas, including native vegetation and reforestation areas, are maintained without any anthropogenic activities. Bird survey was made in the preservation area in 2003, 2005, 2010 and 2013. The data indicated a trend of increasing diversity and species richness over the years. Despite the intense use of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, no dead or intoxicated birds were found. These data demonstrate that the agricultural activities were not impacting the birds diversity and richness. The careful maintenance of the preservation area and its surroundings also contribute to the conservation of local biodiversity. Keywords: Good agricultural practices, preservation areas, birds [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Bolivia's Lithium Frontier: Can Cleaner Technologies Harness a Mineral Development Boom? HANCOCK, L.; RALPH, N. (Deakin University - Australia); ALI, S. H. (University of Delaware - USA)
|
Abstract: In 2014, Bolivia’s President Morales announced a state investment of $995 million to develop the world’s largest lithium reserves, located in Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni. Lithium production is promoted as enabling development in this impoverished, indigenously populated country which has historically suffered terrible environmental and social impacts from mineral exploitation. Lacking expertise and capital to sustainably produce lithium, Bolivia’s plans for lithium industrialization through vertically integrated mineral development and public-private partnerships with foreign corporations, include a desire to harness the most environmentally appropriate technologies. We discuss the debate on cleaner production for lithium, challenges of Bolivia’s lithium industrialization, and investigate how the desire for clean technologies has cultivated unusual partnerships between state enterprises and foreign-owned private corporations. We consider this model for developing remote mineral reserves for advanced technologies that are necessary for the global transition from a fossil fuel to low carbon economy, and for addressing sustainable development goals. Lithium is vital for energy storage, renewable energy and the electric vehicle industry. To meet rising lithium demand, with minimal environmental and social impacts, novel approaches to international resource extraction partnerships transcending ideological biases will be needed, and their efficacy evaluated. Our research aims to pave the way to such an evaluative framework, using Bolivia’s lithium as a central case. Key research issues for developing the framework and initial criteria of evaluation are proposed. Keywords: lithium, Bolivia, extraction, public-private partnerships
|
||
Bottle-to Bottle PET Recycling A. F. Formigoni (UNESP); I. P. A. Campos (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Population growth and the continued incentive to consumption of disposable industrial products has led nowadays to a non-stop growing of the amount and the diversity of urban waste. The option to just dispose of industrial, commercial and home waste in landfill sites has led to their near saturation. Employment of these residues as raw materials has been adopted as a solution to this problem, but is young as an activity and thus, still not recognized as the best alternative. In the present dissertation a critical analysis of the problems posed by the bottle-to-bottle recycling of PET, for use in the food industry, in the general context of PET recycling is presented. The loss and recovery of the desired material properties, chemical and biological contaminations are discussed herein, as well as the fundamental question what the law about it is nowadays, and why, and how it might be better formulated. At this point in time, the Brazilian market recycles ca. 50% of the total produced PET, and this means that there is still potential for a lot to be done in what regards to PET recycling.Keywords: Recycling, environmental impact, PET, bottle to bottle[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Building an Ecodesign Transition Framework toward Sustainable Product Innovation BRONES, F. A.; CARVALHO, M. M.; ZANCUL, E. S. (USP)
|
Abstract: In order to effectively integrate environmental aspects into product development processes, companies have to significantly change some of the practices and habits of all involved stakeholders and organisation.To complement earlier research and the (technical) “hard side of ecodesign”, this article explores the promising “soft side” that considers company culture and human factors,through a multiple steps literature review.Whereas a consistent prescriptive change model is still lackinginecodesignliterature, astrong convergence and synergy is shown with the emerging Transition Management approach designed for sustainability issues facing organisations. The principles of an “ecodesign transition framework”are proposed, combining a three-level systemic approach, complementary top-down planning and bottom-up innovation, through new types of interaction and cycles of action and learning, with a deeper stakeholder management. This new combination could be capable toaddresschange management issues and help companies evolve toward a more effective sustainable product innovation process, in the context of evolving business management practices. Keywords: Ecodesign, integration, change management, transition, sustainability
|
||
Business Certifications for ISO 14001: Descriptive and Comparative Study of the Evolution Over the Period 2000 to 2010 PEIXE, B. C. S.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; SPENASSATO, D. (UFSC); TEZZA, R. (UDESC)
|
Abstract: The evolution of certifications in the last decade highlights the concern about aspects related to environmental
management in enterprises, based on a overview from every continent on the standards of the ISO 14000 series.
In this sense, the aim of this article is to demonstrate the growth of certificated companies based on information
consolidated from the descriptive and comparative analysis, identifying continents and countries that grew the
most from 2000 to 2010. The research is: bibliographic, documentary; descriptive and exploratory research.
Regarding on the approach is: qualitative and quantitative. The results demonstrated the evolution of the
certifications over the period studied, and gave visibility to the current stage of certifications by continent and
countries. It was found that companies use certifications as a requirement for improving the indicators of
competitiveness, innovation and for eliminate barriers imposed by importing and exporting countries. The
requirements to certify the environmental management system are related to the compliance of internal and
external procedures, where companies seek to meet of the stakeholders. Keywords: ISO 14001 certifications, environmental management system, continents, countries, companies. |
||
Business Cooperation Networks: Arrozeiras do Sul Experience D'OLIVEIRA, J. P.; PASQUALETTO, A. (PUC-GO); GUEDES, L. G. de R. (UFG/PUC-GO)
|
Abstract: Business Networking becomes a brilliant alternative so several objectives can be achieved in less time, with better quality, lower cost and meeting current production needs within the criteria of environmental sustainability. In this paper, considerations based on a field research, supported by a theoretical reference on the structuring and operations of Business Networks are presented, as well as validated by a praxis evidence of what occurred and still occurs in the Arrozeira do Sul Network in the south of Brazil. This network effectively establishes the search for the concept of Cleaner Production, achieving consistency in its criteria of environmental sustainability. Keywords: Cooperation Networks, Cleaner Production, Sustainability |
||
Business Cooperation Networks: Contributions to Sustainable Production D’OLIVEIRA, J. L. P.; PASQUALETTO, A. (PUC-GO); GUEDES, L. G. de R. (UFG/PUC-GO)
|
Abstract: Cooperation between companies in the form of networks, has been highlighted as an alternative organizational configuration in response to recent economic and technological change. Is also evident from the literature that the pursuit of sustainability and Cleaner Production (CP) contributes to increased flexibility and capacity in the case of this study, as guiding the Enterprise Cooperation Networks. Thus, it is studied two approaches Enterprise Cooperation Networks, produced by researchers from Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, from the perspective of the contributions of networks on sustainability and Cleaner Production. A literature review that allowed us to compare the approaches of establishment and operation of networks has been carried out with the proposed focus, concluding that the networks have in their essence the necessary elements to create opportunities to adopt the methodologies and methods of sustainability and Cleaner Production (P + L). Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainability, Business Cooperation Network. Competitive advantage [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Business Results of Eco-Innovation in Emerging and Developed Economies REZENDE, M. D. V.; SANTOS, D. F. L. (UNESP - Brazil); BASSO, L. F. C. (Mackenzie - Brazil)
|
Abstract:The article explored 323 sustainability reports certified by the Global Reporting Initiative, with the primary aim of assessing – at the company level – the structure of results of eco-innovation at firms established in developed markets and emerging markets in the period from 2012 to 2014. A valid sample of 231 companies was obtained, including 58 from emerging countries and 173 from developed countries. The methodology was based on Structural Equation Modeling and Panel Data Regression. The study found that virtually all environmental and social eco-innovation variables were significant for their respective dimensions in developed countries; however, in the emerging countries, only two environmental and social variables were significant, which shows that there is a more advanced stage of eco-innovation in developed countries. With regard to the results of the panel data regression, the environmental and social variables were significant only for the Return on Sales (ROS), and in a different way between emerging and developed countries. Keywords: Sustainable innovation, capacity to innovate, performance, emerging economies.
|
||
C |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Carbon Capture and Utilization by Mineral Carbonation with CKD in Aqueous Phase: Experimental Stage and Characterization of Carbonated Products PEDRAZA, J.I.(UNAL - Colombia); SUAREZ, L.A. (UNAL/Universidad ECCI - Colombia); MARTINEZ, L. A.; ROJAS, N.Y; TOBON, J.I.; RAMIREZ, J.H. (UNAL - Colombia); ZEA, H.R.(UNAL - Colombia); CÁCERES, A. A. (Universidad ECCI - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Carbon dioxide capture and reuse techniques are being developed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector at the same time that high added value by-products are obtained. Carbon capture by mineral carbonation of CO2 using industrial waste is an interesting technology. Its rate and effectiveness depends on four main parameters: water content of the sample (or amount of mixed water or liquid/solid ratio), particle size, temperature, and pressure. Cement kiln dust, which is a residue of the cement industry, could be considered the most suitable material for this purpose, with a high calcium and magnesium content. We used a responsesurface experimental design model to assess CO2 carbonation mineral techniques and determine its uptake potential, and the products’ physical-chemical and mineralogical properties. Diffractogram showed that a carbonated phase was formed after the reaction, increasing the amount of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Theoretical uptake was calculated as 23.4% w/t, instead, experimental yield was found out between 7-22% compared to the theoretically amount of CO2 sequestration. Keywords: Carbon capture and utilization, cement kiln dust, industrial waste, mineral carbonation. |
||
Carbon Footprint of Commercial Forest Plantations (Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula) and Protection Forest Plantation (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in Colombia MARTÍNEZ, L.A.; CUÉLLAR, Y.; PÁEZ, N.J.; PEDRAZA, J.I.; BELÁLCAZAR-CERÓN, L.C. (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)
|
Abstract: Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a criterion to identify and quantify environmental benefits for process or products. LCA is useful to determine different environmental impact categories in the whole production chain or part of it. Carbon dioxide mitigation improves the global environmental impact of a specific product expressed as carbon footprint by the substitution of raw materials and processes to combine environmental and economic benefits. In this work, LCA was performed to determine the carbon footprint for two commercial forest plantations (Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula) and one protection forest (Guadua angustifolia kunth) in Colombia. Forestry operations were divided into three categories: seedlings production, planting and soil preparation, and maintenance and control. The felling process was not considered. The amount of plants per hectare was established for each species. The OpenLCA® software was used to evaluate emissions in global warming potential, and the Ecoinvent v3.2 database for the inputs of life cycle inventory data for different secondary processes. The inputs that feed the forestry processes were obtained from the management and commercial forestry plans for the evaluated species. Results showed that the variations depend on species planted and their maintenance, which includes different levels of fertilization, as well as different intensity of forestry operations. The maintenance and control stage have the highest contribution to total emissions of CO2, being a considerable result that counteracts the CO2 captured by the plantations. Keywords: carbon footprint, life cycling analisys, OpenLCA. |
||
Carbon Footprint of Intensive Broiler Production LIMA, N. D. S.; NÄAS, I. (UNICAMP); GARCIA, R. G. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: The intensive broiler production is a significant economic activity when considering the increase in broiler production and the number of slaughtered birds. However, this commercial segment needs to adjust to the perspectives of low carbon emission economy. There is a lack of information of carbon equivalent emitted in the broiler production supply chain under certain rearing conditions. Therefore this study aimed to estimate the greenhouse gasses (GHG) from broilers reared in the dark-house system in Brazil and to find the carbon footprint for subsidizing future mitigation. Dark house systems consisted of a house 15 m wide, 150 m long and 3.8 m high, and a floor area of 31500 m2 with forced ventilation; exhaust fans (12 with an air flow of 580 m3 s−1), a highpressure fogging system, and internal built walls painted with a black coating. To evaluate the carbon footprint the total rearing time was considered (1d old to 42d old). Data from 5 similar houses were registered including electricity use, dimensions, and material of the house, the number of reared birds, litter management, the number of flocks in the same litter per year, and feed ration. GHG emissions were estimated using the method developed by the World Resources Institute using emission factors based on the region and the type of animal, according to the recommendations of the IPCC for inventories. Mechanical emissions were approximately 97% of the total emissions. Annual total emissions from mechanical sources added 740 tons of CO2eq/year. This value is a result of the use of electricity (21 tons of CO2eq/year) and the technological level of the system (exhaust fans, automatic feeders, and drinkers). Emission from the litter added up 55 tons of CO2eq/year. Feed represented nearly 75% of all emissions depending on the origin and the type of feed grains for the production of the feed ration. The total estimation of the environmental impact of broiler production under the dark-house system in the center-west of Brazil is 740 tons of CO2eq/year. Keywords: environmental impact, greenhouse gasses, broiler meat |
||
Case Study BrazilGlass - New Business Patterns MUNIZ, A. G. L. (UNIP); CORREA, D. A. M. (Ernest & Young); AMARAL, F. V. A.; NOGUEIRA, M. ABE, J. M. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This report is produced in accordance with the method of SWOT analysis of the company BrazilGlass, the strengths identified throughout the study suggest that the company has a good vision and strategy practice new standards. The research is made of numerous interventions in the company throughout its existence in search of a Cleaner Production. The company is technologically updated and seeks to offer products with new materials, better design, energy saving and respect for the environment. It knows the importance of airtightness, insulation and durability in its products and therefore moves towards a new phase within the universe of locks of facades made in the industry. The company provides its products in good lighting, minimizing the inconvenience caused by the incidence of the sun, wind and rain and developing systems that have gone through various stages of evolution. For this innovation in the production of laminated glass, tempered glass, screen printing, insulating glass and window frames and coatings. It is important that investments in advertising campaigns and reducing the cost of goods is on the orderpaper in the company to make the process more sustainable and have more possibilities in front of their direct competitors. We highlight environmental responsibility and cleaner production aiming for sustainability of their processes, including a margin of 100% reuse of materials and waste released into production Keywords: Glasses and Cleaner Production
|
||
Case Study for Recovering of Landfill Landscape of Toledo-PR C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE); J. C. Klein; S. Dimbarre (UNIPAR); D. Mondardo; P. P. Bellone; L. B. Santos; F. Scherer (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: The work was to propose guidelines for the recovery of landfill landscape of Toledo - PR. The development of a technology coverage aimed specifically end the establishment of a vegetation, initially was based on an established diagnosis of physical and chemical characteristics of soil used in the final layers of coverage. We collected samples of soil in the depth of 0-20 cm, which were established some parameters such as pH, Saturation of bases, cation exchange capacity, macro and micro nutrients. The spontaneous flora of the area studied is composed of species that escaped from cultivation; from the remnants of species in natural surroundings. In this study may notice that there were no significant differences in relation to the relevant witness, therefore, the results allowed the suggestion of studies and definitions of species that can be used revegetated in the cell and closed the surroundings of the landfill in the municipality of Toledo-PR. The determination of the chemical analysis of soil from landfill showed great concentration of organic matter, derived from waste, can avail of nutrients already deposited in the soil, however, requiring small levels of application of fertilizer and lime to promote better development and resistance of the species recommended. Keywords: Sanitary embankment, degraded area, revegetation, slope [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Case Study on Selective Colection in Electromechanical Laboratories: First Initiatives Based on an Evaluative Model DRAHEIN, A. D. (UNICESUMAR)
|
Abstract: The objective of this research is to verify the benefits of the selective collection in electromechanical laboratories in an educational institution that offers technical courses, with the aim of verifying the current situation of the institution regarding sustainable initiatives. An evaluation was first carried out by means of a model called Sustainability Assessment for Higher Technological Education (SAHTE), in a structure composed of five axes and 134 criteria. The model presents guidelines for beginners and highlights good practices found in educational institutions. In the first evaluation, there was a low adherence to the sustainable initiatives of the institution with the 134 criteria distributed in the five axes of the model, as only 26 criteria were met. After the evaluation, a meeting was held with teachers and coordinators in which the implementation of selective collection in electromechanical laboratories was chosen, the choice being justified due to the importance of the course for the region, the number of students involved, and the total absence of Selective collection in laboratories. After the implementation of the selective collection in the laboratories, the fulfillment of 16 criteria was observed, distributed among the five axes of the evaluative model. This demonstrates that in this case, a very specific point, selective collection in electromechanical laboratories, directs the institution to meet criteria not only in the fifth axis waste, but in all five axes. This was due to the environmental awareness generated by the activity, research of the students and teachers, involvement of the collectors association and the community during the implementation of the selective collection and the insertion of the activity planned for the next classes of the electromechanical course. Actions on selective collection are necessary in the future for the entire institution. Keywords: sustainability, laboratories, electromechanical, evaluation, selective collection |
||
Caso Cuba. Un Camino al Desarrollo Sostenible J. J. C. Eras (UCf-Cuba), D. G. Lorenzo, A. S. Gutiérrez, L. Hens (Free University of Brussels-Belgium), C. Vandecasteele (K. U. Leuven-Belgium)
|
Abstract: This work analyzes the cuban model for sustainable development and explain the causes in order to convert this country in the world the only that in accordance with World Wide Fund for Nature accomplish the requirements for sustainability. Explains the results in education and health sectors such improve the high value for IDH. Also analyzes the Cuban foot print and policies applied in both fundamental aspects, the carbon foot and agricultural lands. This makes available the economic growth without sensible increasing for the foot print. Keywords: Cuba, Sustainable Development, IDH, Foot Print |
||
Cell Layout Application in Product Recovery: a Lean Proposal to Increase Efficiency in Remanufacturing M. Bouzon, C. M. T. Rodriguez, A. A. de Queiroz (UFSC) |
Abstract: The growing demand of organizations for technological alternatives to reduce environmental damage and meet the new legislative requirements has brought greater focus to the activities of product recovery. Remanufacturing is a means of recovering a product. It is defined as the process of restoring a product to its original specifications with the reuse of materials, improving quality and functionality. However, the remanufacturing industry faces difficulties and is considered an unstable and inefficient environment if compared to manufacturing. Therefore, this paper proposes a cell layout based on lean manufacturing concepts and adapted to the remanufacturing context, aiming to minimize waste, reduce variability and ultimately increase efficiency. Keywords: Remanufacturing, cell layout, lean remanufacturing, product recovery |
||
Ceramic Incorporated with Ornamental Stones Waste Obtained from the Blocks Sawing Using Multiwire Technology: Environmental Characterization GADIOLI, M. C. B.; PIZETA, P. P. (Mineral Technology Center); AGUIAR, M. C. (UENF)
|
Abstract: In 2016, the ornamental stones production in Brazil was of 9,300,000 tons. The ornamental stones wastes are a growing concern in the country, due to the amount of material generated and your destination. As there are a wide variety of rocks and different technologies there is the need for characterization of waste, especially the environmental characterization. In recent years there has been major change in the use of technologies for stone sawing, where almost 50% of the materials are sawn with the multiwire technology. The objective of the present work was to the environmental characterization of ceramics with ornamental stones waste from processing the blocks in multiwire. The waste was characterized before your incorporation in ceramics. Were used the waste and the clay in the proportion of 25 and 75%, respectively, for the preparation of the ceramic body. Specimens were fabricated by uniaxial press-molding at 20 MPa, dried and sintered at 1030°C. The following properties were determined: linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural rupture strength. Were realized leaching and solution tests for characterization of ceramic residue. According to the parameters analyzed, the stones residue studied was classified as inert not and the ceramic material with 25% of waste as inert. This result shows that the use of waste in ceramic can be an alternative to the use of stones waste and consequently reducing the environmental impact. Keywords: waste, ceramic, environmental impact |
||
Challenges in the Integrated Management of Health and the Environment: The Case of a University Campus Z. A. I. Miranda (SENAC)
|
Abstract: In this article we can see the experience of the implantation and certification of an Environment Management System in a different atmosphere from the usual undertakers atmosphere. This is the Santo Amaro Campus of the SENAC University Center , settled in an area of approximately 120 thousand square meters, which has 21 undergraduate courses and 7 graduate, in the health and environment areas, fashion and art, hotel management and tourism, exact sciences and design. Almost 4.000 people, among pupils, employees and teachers, 1/4 of this total is renewed during the year, this fact brings an additional difficulty to be certain that there will be a good level of participation and knowledge of these people. The Ecoefficiency Program was created by SENAC/SP in 2002, with the purpose of committing all its 60 units to the environment, beyond its formal obligations of attending legal rules. 2005 was the beginning of the implantation of the SGA of the Campus, with the direct participation of 14 people, among directors, employees, teachers and pupils. In December of 2006 the campus concluded an exhaustive and well succeeded process of audit, as a way to guarantee its adjustment to the settled rules. The examined case presents peculiarities and changes relative to the usual processes of implementation and certification of environment management systems which are identified and discussed in this article. It is detachable that the adopted model anticipates 3 certification levels, with the purpose and growing, complexity, attending to a NBR ISO 14001:2004, and incorporating components of health and occupational security, creating an integrated management system. It was decided that to begin the certification process at once required the level II, because of the complexity of its activities and by the necessity to incorporate the participation of the pupils to give credibility to the SGA. Keywords: Environment management, auditing, certification [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Challenges of Inter-Municipal Public Sector Consortia in the Management of Solid Residue in Brazil: Case Study of Public Sector Consortia Santa Tereza Valley - ConVALE and Serra Dourada Valley – VALEcon MARTINS L. F.; AGUIAR, V. F. S. (PUC-GO); ASSUNÇÃO, S. G. S. (PUC-GO/UFG)
|
Abstract: This paper studies the challenges of federal entities interested in constituting public sector consortia with a proposal to solve issues related to solid residues in Brazil, following the requirements by the National Policy on Solid Waste. This analysis was based on a case study regarding public sector consortia: the Inter-municipal Consortium of Santa Tereza Valley – ConVALE– constituted by municipalities of Santa Tereza (state of Goiás) – Trombas , Formoso, and Montividiu do Norte; and the Inter-municipal Consortium of Serra Dourada Valley (state of Tocantins) – VALECon – constituted by municipalities of Paranã – Palmeirópolis, Jaú do Tocantins, and São Salvador do Tocantins. Our analyses, researches, interviews and training course led us to conclude that the development of regional solidarity, the formation of paradigms through investments in professional training, the service of consulting and training managers would solve the major problems in public sector consortia. Keywords: Public sector consortia, solid residues, National Policy on Solid Waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Challenges of Teaching Corporate Environmental Management in Brazil: The “5 Ls” C. J. C. Jabbour (USP-FEARP)
|
Abstract: Teaching corporate environmental management (CEM) is fundamental for the education of more responsible students. We analyzed the main challenges for CEM in Brazil from the viewpoint of teachers. Results indicate five types of barriers for teaching CEM, denoted here as the “5 Ls”, namely a lack of integration of other teachers in the teaching of CEM, a lack of acceptance of CEM as a subject by the peers teachers, a lack of focus on business while teaching CEM, a lack of CEM teaching materials appropriate for the realities of Brazil and a lack of interest among some students in CEM. Keywords: Corporate Environmental Management, Brazil, Education for Business, Environmental Management
|
||
Characteristics of Environmental Management Systems in the Construction Industry CAMPOS, L. M. S.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; CARVALHO, D. N.; BORNIA, A. C.; SANTOS, T. H. S.; SPENASSATO, D. (UFSC); SELIH, J. (University of Ljubljana-Slovenia)
|
Abstract: The managers seek to implement policies, procedures and techniques for managing the environmental impacts of business activities, which requires a systemic view. Environmental issues can no longer be treated in isolation; they integrate a system that requires planning, implementation and continuous improvement, demonstrating the importance of adopting Environmental Management Systems. The study of the construction sector is crucial as it allows the operation and expansion of other industries, but the environmental impacts that construction generates should be considered. This article aims to present the theoretical basis for preparation of items to be answered by the project participants of International Cooperation: Brazil, Slovenia. This project was signed between Santa Catarina Federal University and Santa Maria Federal University (Brazilian institutions), and by University of Ljubljana (Slovenian institution), which aims to conduct a comparative study of the construction industry in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazilian states) and Slovenia, from the standpoint of environmental management and ways to implement Environmental Management Systems. Regarding research methods, we proceeded to review the literature focusing on environmental management in construction. The first group of items aims to identify the profile of the respondent company, the second group of items is relative to the Quality Management System (although the aim of the paper is the Environmental Management System, it appears that there is the tendency of companies having ISO 9001 certification seek ISO 14001), the third group of items deals with issues related to the Environmental Management System. The preparation of the questionnaire came from a survey of literature, identifying the motivators and barriers to implementation of Environmental Management Systems, among the barriers listed for the respondent are: Lack of pressure from the government, lack of customer support, High costs for deployment, out sourcing creates problems in implementation, lack of technology, complex documentation, lack of support from employees, Weak environmental culture among competitors, lack of initiative among firms in the segment. Among the barriers are: Standardization of procedures for environmental management, social recognition (improvement of company image), increase the environmental awareness of contractors and construction sites cleaner. The concern with the implementation of Environmental Management Systems is notorious, surpassing market issues and become an important competitive advantage. Finally, the standards of ISO 14001 do not require of the organization an optimal level of environmental performance, but help it to achieve their own environmental goals. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Management System, ISO 14001, Quality Management System, ISO 9001
|
||
Characterization of Brazilian Red Mud (Bauxite Refinery Residues) and Assessment its Properties for Futures Applications M. L. P. Antunes, F. T. da Conceição, G. R. B. Navarro (UNESP) |
Abstract: Aluminum is an abundant element in the Earth. In contemporaneous World it has huge application and it is very important to economy. However, Production of aluminum is associated with the generation of red mud as the major waste material. Its disposal remains an issue of great importance with environmental concerns. The alternative is find and develop red mud applications. Its applications depend on its properties. This way, the present work aimed to characterize the Brazilian red mud and after heat treatment by different techniques (granulometric analysis, powder X-Ray diffraction, thermal analyses, gas adsorption – BET, transmission electron microscopy analyses and ICP analyses). The Heat treatment of red mud increases the surface area which can promote adsorption applications. With heating of red mud, the quantity of iron oxide increases. This allows other application to red mud as coagulant, catalyst or Fenton reagent. The heat treatment enables new applications for red mud. Keywords: Red mud, aluminium, thermal analysis, characterization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Characterization of Organic Coffee in Mexico LOPEZ, F. M.; VILLAR, G. H. L. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: Organic agriculture, considered by many researchers as sustainable by their production processes and their environmental advantages, as being opposed to using technological packages of the Green Revolution - use of transgenic seeds, high use of Agrochemicals, loans with high interest rates, peasants exclusion of markets and their traditional knowledge of crop management -. In rising from organic agriculture, either it creates new specialized marketing channels, by direct purchase of the property or by retailers and processor networks; however expectations of participating in the international market were slim to none. In this sense, certifying bodies create conditions to include the products of small producers in international market and create trust with consumers. The Mexican organic coffee is a good example of the organic production incentive policies and as organizations working on certifications, as is the case of Unión Ejidos de la Selva. However, it is necessary to generate information on current standards of certification and specialized public policies in organic production. The objective of this paper is to present certification of organic product models and how the Mexican organic coffee is within the international market. For the preparation of this work, were performed bibliographic research on the organic handling procedures, certifications, certifying bodies and the Mexican public policy specialized in organic production. Some data were obtained by the authors in 2013 at the professional residence in the Unión Ejidos de la Selva organization Keywords: Unión Ejidos de la Selva, Production Clean, Ley organic products, Organic Agriculture
|
||
Characterization of Resultant Effluent of the Washing Process of Plastic Film Evaluating Treatment Application for Electrolytic Process ORSI, M. C. V. L. (UNESP/FATEC); MANCINI, S. D.; LESSA, S. S.; GONÇALVES, L. B. F. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The water is a fundamental component for the process of raw material preparing for recycling plastic post-consumer, for participate as element of removing debris and dross that contaminate the raw material matrix used. The present work aims characterize the water washing of one recycler of plastic type film (bags) to estimate increments and pollutants as a general form to gross water, through the parameters indicators of characteristics physic-chemical, relating the influence of plastic volume prepared for recycling with solid volume. These results will serve as a basis for preparatory estimate of removal these solids through the application for electrolytic process, considering the effluent characteristics before the process and after the electrolytic process. Keywords: Treatment, water resources, recycling, film [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Characterization of Soil Mixtures and Waste Foundry Sand CARDOSO, S. M.; MACEDO, G. A.; SARRO, W. S.; FERREIRA, G. C. S.; SILVA, V. P. A.; PEREIRA, R. S. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The application of waste in several areas of the productive sector demands urgency in the application of sustainability concepts. Waste Foundry Sand (WFS), used for the granulometric stabilization of clay soils, is one of the residues with promising results to overcome the demand for reuse and sustainability in the transportation sector. This experimental work studies soil mixtures + WFS with the objective of verifying physical characteristics and mechanical behavior, aiming the application in structural layers of flexible pavements. Therefore, granulometry, plasticity, ultrasound and unconfined axial compression tests were performed. We conclude that the incorporation of up to 40% of ADF is indicated to compose the layers of base and sub-base of paving, besides the ultrasound technique is a promising tool for technological control of compacted soils. Keywords: Geotechnics, technological control, solid waste, sustainability |
||
Characterization of Textile Effluent Treated by Adsorption with Residual Adsorbent Generated in the Aluminum Industry ROSSI, T. R.; TANAKA Y. H.; CANO, V.; ANDRADE, H.; MIYADAL, C. A. G.; NOLASCO, M.; COSTA, S. M.; COSTA, S. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The textile industry uses large quantities of synthetic dyes in the process of textile processing. The generation of non-fixed dye in the textile substrates contributes to the pollution of the effluents. In order to comply with the legislation and strategies of Cleaner Production, the textile industries have been looking for sustainable alternatives for the treatment of effluents. A poorly exploited but potentially adsorbent material for the removal of color from textile effluents is the residue generated in the oil filtration process used in the lamination of aluminum sheets. For the textile industry to use this residue, an assessment of the characterization of their behavior becomes necessary. A textile effluent composed of 3BL solophenyl red dye and chemical additives commonly used by the textile industry was used. The experiments were performed in batch, adding 20 g of the residue and 500 mL of the effluent. The pH was adjusted to 4 with HCl, and the reaction was kept under stirring at 300 rpm for 30 minutes. The effluent was filtered through Buckner's funnel, centrifuged and the recovered liquid was evaluated for absorbance at 280 and 531 nm, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and anions. The results showed that the pH of the treated effluent did not change during the adsorption process. The reduction of the absorbance at 280 nm shows a possible reduction of the aromatic compounds and the absorbance at 531 nm indicated 95% of the color removal of the effluent color. The COD of the effluent treated in relation to the raw effluent showed a reduction of 64.1%. In terms of ions measured in the treated effluent, it was observed an increase in chloride and sulphate ion contents and a reduction of phosphate ions in relation to the effluent. It can be concluded that the adsorbent generated from the waste studied from aluminum industry may be an adsorbent used to treat effluents in textile industry. The increase of sulfate ions in the effluent treated by the adsorbent raises the need for future studies that demonstrate the potential of reuse of the treated water. Keywords: adsorbent, textile industry, aluminum industry, textile effluent, waste |
||
Characterization of Waterworks Sludge and Coal Ashes Aiming its Use in Manufacture of Brick M. V. da Silva, D. A. Fungaro (IPEN/CNEN-SP) |
Abstract: Sludge from treatment water Brazilian plant station are, frequently, disposed and launched directly in the water bodies, causing a negative impact in the environment. Also, fly ash is produced by burning of coal in coal-fired power stations and is the industrial solid waste most generated in southern Brazil: approximately 4 million tons/y. Efficient disposal of coal fly ash is an issue due to its massive volume and harmful risks to the environment. The present work is being developed with the objective of evaluating the viability of the use of the sludge of the treatment water plant stations along with the coal ashes to manufacture bricks. Samples of fly ashes from a cyclone filter from a coal-fired power plant located at Figueira County in Paraná State, Brazil and waterworks sludge of Terra Preta County in São Paulo State, Brazil, were used in the study. The materials were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, morphological analysis and granulometric analysis. Fly ash-sludge and fly ash-sludge-soil-cement bricks were molded and tested, according to the Brazilians Standards. None of the bricks produced in the studied conditions has attended the requirements of the Brazilian norms of quality of compressive strength. Keywords: Coal Ashes, Waterworks Sludge, Brick [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Chemical Characterization and Minerals of Roasted Pyrite Ash of an Abandoned Sulphuric Acid Production Plant CIVEIRA, M. S. RAMOS, C. G., TAFFAREL, S. R., KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (Centro Universitário La Salle)
|
Abstract: The obtention of sulphurgenerte a hematite-rich waste, known as roasted pyrite ash, which contains significant amounts of environmentally sensitive elements in variable concentrations and modes of occurrence. Whilst the mineralogy of roasted pyrite ash associated with iron or copper mining has been studied, as this is the main source of sulphur worldwide, the mineralogy, and more importantly, the characterization of submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles, in coal-derived roasted pyrite ash remain to be resolved. In this work we provide essential data on the chemical composition and nanomineralogical assemblage of roasted pyrite ash. XRD, HR-TEM and FE-SEM were used to identify a large variety of minerals of anthropogenic origin. These phases result from highly complex chemical reactions occurring during the processing of coal pyrite of southern Brazil for sulphur extraction and further manufacture of sulphuric acid. Iron-rich submicron, ultrafine and nanoparticles within the ash may contain high proportions of toxic elements such as arsenic, selenium, uranium, among others. A number of elements, such as arsenic, cromium, copper, cobalt, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, strontium, titanium, zinc, and zirconium, were found to be present in individual nanoparticles and submicron, ultrafine and nanominerals (e.g. oxides, sulphates, clays) in concentrations of up to 5%. The study of nanominerals in roasted pyrite ash from coal rejects is important to develop an understanding on the nature of this by-product, and to assess the interaction between emitted nanominerals, ultra-fine particles, and atmospheric gases, rain or body fluids, and thus to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of pyrite ash materials. Keywords: Coal rejects, sulphuric acid production, nanomineral impacts, potentially hazardous element
|
||
Chemical Footprint of Brazil: A Case of Study of Dioxins and Furans SIMÕES, P. H. B. (Lisam Ecoadvisor Systems/UNIP - Brazil), GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Dioxins and Furans are part of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) with high potential to cause harmful impacts to humans and the environment. Considering that life quality is negatively affected by the presence of these substances into the environment, this paper calculates the potential damages to human health based on the USEtox risk model and the Brazilian inventory of Dioxins and Furans. The potential damage to health is indicated by the chemical footprint of the Brazilian states, which is associated with geographic and demographic characteristics of each region. The total calculated impact score for Brazil is 621 DALY, the state of São Paulo (SP) is the first in the ranking with 27% of the calculated impact, followed by Minas Gerais with 16%, Rio de Janeiro with 12%, Espirito Santo with 10%, Pará with 7%, Paraná with 4%, Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso with 3% each. These eight states concentrate 80% of the impacts caused by Dioxin and Furan emissions. The impact score indicates the potential impacts on human health and is an alternative reference for ordering the emission source categories and can aid in decision making for public policies. The impact scores based on the population ISUFpercapita, the Gross Domestic ISUF$, and the area ISUFkm² show a significant variation when comparing the ranking of each indicator, and it is possible to use them jointly or individually to compare the chemical footprint of the states. Keywords: LCIA, Chemical Footprint, Dioxins and Furans, USEtox. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Circular Economy and Bioeconomy: How Are They Related? FARIA, E. O.; CALDEIRA-PIRES, A. (UnB - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Given the consensus on the urgency of environmental issues and growing concern about the scarcity of natural resources, new models related to sustainable development have been proposed. Thus, the general objective of this article is to analyze how two of these concepts that permeate sustainability — Circular Economy and Bioeconomy — have been combined in the scientific literature. It also aims to identify how biorefineries are part of this context. In order to reach the proposed objective, it was decided to use the systematic literature review procedure following the protocol proposed by Cronin, Ryan, and Coughlan (2008), from Scopus database. Besides synthesizing knowledge about this subject, the article highlights the characteristics of the studies (temporal distribution of publications, main journals, major themes addressed, authors and their respective countries), as well as methodological aspects, main initiatives and programs, and the actors involved. The results showed that although the first studies date from 2016, the increasing interest of researchers in the subject is evident. The recent initiatives of Circular Economy and Bioeconomy formulated by the European Union in 2012 and 2015 and the United States National Bioeconomy Blueprint are policies guiding the actions of the countries that have published most about these subjects. As for the methods of analysis, there is a domain of the LCA method (Life Cycle Assessment) in the studies that deal with the environmental impacts of the productive processes. From the analysis of the network created by the most recurrent keywords, it was possible to perceive a greater centrality and strength around the term Circular Economy, and the second keyword with the greatest prominence is Bioeconomy, which reinforces the relation of complementarity of the approaches. Finally, studies point to the need for cooperation between the scientific community, private companies, government, and society to establish an effective environmental policy based on the principles of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy. Keywords: Circular Economy, Bioeconomy, Biorefinery, Sustainability, Systematic Literature Review. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Circular Economy Yesterday and Today: A Bibliometric Analysis DEUS, R. M. (UNESP); SAVIETTO, J. P.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP); BATTISTELLE, R. A. G. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Sustainability remains a significantly debated issue for both post-industrialized and industrialized countries, many of which are still in the early stages of sustainable development. Circular economy comes as a model to drive towards sustainability because material flows are like biological cycles, that is, products are designed and planned for a cyclical metabolism through the generation of value. Thus, this article aims to evaluate the current state of the art, based on bibliometric tools and discusses the role of the circular economy in the scientific literature in the past and present. We concluded that the topic of the circular economy is still emerging, that is, since 2006, articles on this subject have been published in the Web of Science database, and since then it has grown steadily. Several countries have issued on the subject; however, China has been highlighted both regarding publication and citation impact. The main institution with the best indicators of production is the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Journal of Cleaner Production is the main journal with 25.6% of all publications, being the bridge between all the others journals since it has the main publications. The circular economy has much to develop, especially in Latin America, which has a low representation of a subject of such importance. Keywords: Circular Economy, Bibliometrics, Systematic review [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cities Characteristics Impact in GHG Emissions DURAN JR., L. J.; PACCA, S. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Despite technology progress, world per capita energy demand is increasing. Relying mostly on fossil fuel sources, energy production and consumption causes environmental impacts and contributes to climate change. Almost 75% of the world's energy is consumed in the urban environment. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of energy consumption in cities enables effective mitigation actions. Based on an adapted STIRPAT model, this work analyzes the relationships between characteristics of ten Brazilian cities with CO2 emissions related to direct energy consumption. Model’s results indicate that population is the most important driver for emissions (elasticity, coefficient 0.996), followed by residential emissions (0.846), and direct energy consumption (0.481). It is verified that population affluence (0.161) and electricity generation emission factors (0.017) also contribute positively to increasing emissions. Amongst the modeled variables, just technological advance (-0.216) and increasing of the attractions points density (-0.018) contribute to CO2 emissions reduction. It is concluded that public policies, such as energy security, the use of renewable sources and the encouragement for decentralization, such as increasing attractions points, are alternatives to CO2 emissions reduction. Keywords: cities, emissions, energy, planning, modeling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects and Generation of Clean Technologies in Brazil C. Andrade (UFBA); A. Costa (UFBA); L. Nápravnik-Filho (UNIFACS); A. C. Telésforo (UFBA); A. Ventura (UFBA)
|
Abstract: One of the Kyoto Protocol’s innovations was stipulating mechanisms that aim at the cooperation among countries to mitigate the climate change. Only the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) makes the participation of developing countries possible. The article’s goal is to evaluate the contribution of Brazilian CDM projects related to the Energy Industries for the generation of clean technologies. From the analysis of the 37 projects that had received carbon credits up to 2007, it is possible to conclude that this contribution remains incipient: only 3% of them could be characterized by the development of clean technologies focused on cleaner production. Thus, considering that clean technology and cleaner production are the most adequate environmental strategies to reach a sustainable development, it is not possible to affirm that these 37 Brazilian CDM projects are effectively contributing for this target. So, the analysis of the Brazilian projects related to the Energy Industries reveal that, at least in Brazil, CDM is far from achieving the fundamental purpose of minimizing the global warming via the stimulation of a cleaner development model relied on the cooperation among countries. Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), clean technologies, cleaner production, brazilian energy industries [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Prospects for Production of Bioelectricity by the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry CLAUDINO, E. S. (UFGD); REIS, J. G. M. (UNIP/UFGD)
|
Abstract: The Bioelectricity is the most recent and promising product of Brazilian agribusiness. The new activity, the importance of which was recognized in recent years in the Brazilian scenario, is far removed from conventional industry standard for production, ie, requires new forms of knowledge and management before little used, especially in agricultural industry. Thus, through an exploratory research this paper aimed to identify the current situation in the Brazilian cogeneration plants identifying the potential for energy generation from all Brazilian plants and possible opportunities for creation of certificates for Clean Development Mechanism projects in the sector. As conclusions can be observed that the current technological capacity to generate bioelectricity from sugarcane bagasse is in the initial stage, but with potential to increase installed capacity. Keywords: CDM, sugarcane industry, sustainability, biomass, energy, cogeneration [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Clean Energy or Coal, Jobs and Displaced Carbon Emissions at Any Cost? Assessing Australia’s Brown Coal v. Solar-Produced Liquid Hydrogen Exports to Japan HANCOCK, L.; RALPH, N. (Deakin University - Australia)
|
Abstract: In a world shifting to a new global low carbon energy system and economy, renewable energy (RE) generation by Australia for export to its Asian neighbors could be part of a new renewables-driven political economy. We explore the complexities of energy exports and the tensions between the use of fossil fuels versus renewables for energy exports. We first outline Australia’s potential in the transition to renewables and its current national energy policy paralysis. The Australian government has entered into an agreement to export hydrogen to Japan in a purposebuilt Japanese shipping fleet. However, the agreement is based on using lignite (brown) coal from the ailing Gippsland mining industry. The comparison of solar versus coal-produced liquid hydrogen exports to Japan is assessed against seven lenses or filters: the public interest ‘No-net-detriment to Australian consumers’ test; Australia’s Paris 2015 carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction commitment; other environmental impacts such as production-related emissions and embedded energy in shipping infrastructure; socio/political national benefits to GDP; impact on Australia’s energy security; socio/political assessment of impact on Australia’s energy-related foreign policy and Australia-Japan relations; and the way that using coal to generate hydrogen for export to Japan undermines Australia’s commiment to the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Keywords: Liquid hydrogen, lignite coal, solar hydrogen generation, hydrogen exports to Japan, UN SDGs, product life cycle emissions. |
||
Clean Technologies (Bio-Fertilizers) Alternative to Urea for Production of Basil in and Out of Season C. Cabanillas, D. Stobbia, A. Ledesma (National University of Córdoba-Argentina) |
Abstract: The growth in the use of pesticides and fertilizers which cause pollution of surface and belowground water, soil, air, flora, fauna and produce negative effects on the health of the population, has increased interest in clean technologies like bio-fertilizers. In the context of sustainable agriculture, the objective of this research is assess the effects of different biofertilizers (vermicompost) and urea in the production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) variety Catamarca INTA (wide leaf) in and out of season. The seeds were sown in the greenhouse in March (out of season) and in October (in season). The treatments used were: vermicompost from bovine ruminal content 50%:50% soil (LCR), vermicompost from rabbit manure 50%:50% soil (LEC), urea 100 kg/ha and the soil (control). Completely randomized design was applied with three repetitions and thirty plants per treatment. The variables were analyzed by ANOVA and the mean comparison was performed by Fisher LSD (p<0.05). The results indicate that the variables are significantly increased in season: the number of leaves and branches are greater and is double the height and aerial fresh weight, of the root and the total fresh weight, and aerial dry weight are fourfold greater while the total dry weight, of the root and leaf area produced three times the amount produced out of season. The time-substrate interaction was highly significant for height. In both seasons it can be observed the highly beneficial effects of vermicompost than the ones achieved with urea and control, but urea station has a more favorable effect than the control. In season the LEC performs better in terms of the number and area of leaves and chlorophyll content compared to LCR. In both periods, the use of vermicompost produces better results due to its effects on all production variables. These clean technologies are a sustainable alternative to the application of urea in the production of basil both in and out of season. Keywords: Clean technology, biofertilizers, vermicompost, basil, production |
||
Cleaner Energy Production and Sustainable Investments: A Portfolio Analysis in the Italian Electricity Market CUCCHIELLA, F.; GASTALDI M.; TROSINI M. (University of L'Aquila, Italy)
|
Abstract: The recent climate change, global warming, environmental disasters and the economic crisis are only the first signs of the failure of an economic system that, for too long, shows an uncontrolled utilization of the planet wealth. The Italian electricity market, which is strongly dependent on hydrocarbons, only in recent years has seen a first attempt to change towards renewable resources for electricity production aimed at self-consumption and for feeding into the grid. This paper presents an economic analysis whose purpose is to evaluate the sustainability of investments in renewable technologies for the production of electricity. Each renewable source has its own profitability dependent on a number of factors and subject to market fluctuations, cost and frequent changes on the incentive policies. Applying Portfolio Theory is it possible to select the right mix of renewable energy sources to be included within the renewable energy balance and simulate its evolution. Moreover the presented analysis can be useful for energy planners to select future green scenarios finalized to the reduction of emissions and energy imports through the increasing use of renewable energy. Keywords: Renewable Energy Sources, Portfolio Analysis, Sustainability, Sharpe Index
|
||
Cleaner Machining Through a Toolholder with Internal Cooling L. E. A. Sanchez, V. L. Scalon, G. G. C. Abreu (UNISC)
|
Abstract: This work treats of a cooling system for cutting tool in turning based in a toolholder with cooling fluid flowing inside its body being that this fluid must necessarily be able to phase change due to heat generated from machining processes. In this way the fluid evaporates just under the cutting tool allowing a heat transfer more efficient than if were used a fluid without phase change once the latent heat of evaporation is beneficial for removal heat. Following, the cooling fluid evaporated passes through a condenser located out of the toolholder where it is condensated and returns to the toolholder again and a new cycle is started. In this study the R-123, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) fluid, was selected for the turning of a Cr-Ni-Nb-Mn-N austenitic steel of hard machinability. As result, the developed system allows a tool life equal to or better than the conventional cutting fluid method, moreover there are environmental and economics advantages once the cooling fluid is maintained in a loop circuit. Keywords: Turning, internal cooling, dry machining, tool life, coolant fluid |
||
Cleaner Production and Aspects of National Policy of Solid Waste in the Clothing Manufacturer Sector BIERMANN, M. J. E. (PUC-RS)
|
Abstract: It is estimated that Brazil annually manages more than 8,000 tons of waste originated from the clothing industry, of which more than 80% may be irregularly arranged in landfills and dumps. The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) requires a change of this scenario by establishing management tools for all waste generated in productive and service sectors. The proposal brings ambitious goals for public and private managers for non-generation and proper disposal of waste at all stages of the production process. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the Cleaner Production (CP) can contribute to the development of a culture that seeks elimination, reduction and reuse of scraps generated in the clotting industry, with actions that encourage efficiency in the production process. Unlike traditional management methods that focus on stocks of generated waste, the CP seeks improvements in the process itself, increasing the potential for reducing the generation of waste and minimizing the amount to be allocated. Implementation of Cleaner Production in seven (7) Clothing industries in the state of Paraná reduced around 12% of the generation and the possible re-use of up to 100% patchwork generated in the industrial process, exceeding the goals established by PNRS. Keywords: Sustainability. Process. Textile. Environmental Indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production and Environmental Aspects in Sugar-alcohol Industries R. P. Alvarenga; T. R. Queiroz (UNESP-Tupã)
|
Abstract: The sugar-alcohol sector can provide an important form of production with an efficient and environmentally correct. The problem of burning the straw of the cane for hand made harvest is already near-end. The law that puts an end to the burns, the current advance in the agro-mechanization and the increasing technological advancement of the cane harvesters are contributing in a systematic way to eliminate the problem of pollution from carbon dioxide. The management model used by the Cleaner Production of sugar mills and alcohol is not always what actually characterizes what happens in many sugar-alcohol industries. Moreover, the production of electric energy made by the sugar cane bagasse, the way of waste bagasse and filter sediments released to the environment weakened the production really clean. These are released to the ground often disregard the ability of the soil behaves. Keywords: Sugar-alcohol Industries, sediments emission, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production and Environmental Management as a Sustainable Product Innovation Antecedents: A Survey in Brazilian Industries SEVERO, E. A.; GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (IMED); DORION, E. C. H. (UCS)
|
Abstract: Cleaner production(CP) methods and environmental management practices are tools that strive for production process efficiency, the use of its input and the generation of industrial waste. These tools can significantly contribute to sustainable product innovation, due to the rational use of natural resources and the minimization of generated wastes. This study aims to measure the relations between the conditions for sustainable product innovation, considering the constructs of CP and environmental management. It alsoexamines the relationship between sustainable conditions and product innovation and financial performance as well as the size of the moderating effect of the companies on the relationship between the constructs. In this context, a Survey in 762 companies of different sizes was carried out in the metal-mechanic sector in Brazil. Structural Equation Modelingmethods were used for results analysis.The results show that the constructs of CP and environmental management are important antecedents for sustainable product innovation, and relevant mediator of financial performance. Accordingly, the way for companies to produce new environmentally sustainable products is through the presence of cleaner production and environmental management practices. For the academic field, the make-up of a framework for the analysis of the relations of the categories constitutes the main contribution, as well as providing management information to decide on the implementation of sustainability programs, resulting in higher financial gains through product innovations sustainable. Keywords: Cleaner production, Environmental management, Innovation sustainable product, Financial performance, Brazilian Industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability: Case of a Plastic Industry in Serra Gaúcha J. C. F. Guimarães (FTSG), E. A. Severo, E. Dorion, P. M. Olea (UCS)
|
Abstract: Given the large consumption of natural resources, environmental impacts, the organizations have been incorporating into their strategies the concept of sustainability. Today, the organizations are becoming the object of new expectations about their responsibilities to society as agents that dispose of financial and technological resources to solve with more agility, decisiveness and direction environmental problems. Cleaner Production (CP) incorporates technological, economic and environmental processes, products and services in order to increase efficiency in the use of inputs and raw materials to reduce waste, nongeneration, minimization and recycling of waste generation, providing economic and environmental benefits. The most important aspect of CP is that it requires not only technological improvement, but the application of know-how and a change in management behavior. These three factors together are what makes the difference compared to other techniques related to production processes. The objective of this research is to examine the results obtained by the implementation of CP in production processes in a plastic industry of the Serra Gaúcha. The current case produces accessories for the furniture industry and construction, is active on the national and international markets for about fifty-six years. In implementing a CP strategy, the company has developed a new process for producing a polystyrene handle. From this case study, a qualitative research was executed and the results show a reduction of 90.3% of the waste of raw materials and other contaminants, as well as a reduction in production costs by 36,4% of the polystyrene handle. Another improvement from the CP process occurred in the substitution of materials for the painting of handles through the use of new technologies, causing a 60% reduction in loss of material in use, and a 9.6% reduction in acquisition costs inputs for the painting. Furthermore, it is noteworthy to mention that in addition to CP practices, the company treats all its effluents and wastes from the production process, contributing to the economic and environmental sustainability of the organization. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, plastic industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production and Ergonomics: a case of waste minimization and improvement of work conditions E. C. Batiz; S. M. Alves; O. Gallo (SOCIESC); A. J. de Souza (Whirlpool)
|
Abstract: This paper was made in a thermal treatment area, in salt bath oven of an enterprise of North of Santa Catarina. Its goal was to determinate the factors that influence waste generation of salt used in process. It was observed that the mean cause of wastefulness is the position which the workers are obligated to adopt due to pre-determinate procedure, as well, the layout and tools used. The impossibility of workers to maintain the workpiece draining of salt inside of oven, due to weight, tool characteristics and the area conditions causes an additional worker position problem. With direct observation technique, mo, filming, pictures and spaghetti diagram it was verified that due to layout the workers walk 430 m daily and this is one of the causes of salt quantity that is wasted. This quantity is around 2.1 ton/year. With use of ergonomic and cleaner production principles the detected problem of worker position could be eliminated, as well as the unnecessary passage of workers and workpieces. It was proven the existence of strong synergy between ergonomic and cleaner production. Also both can be applied to improve the environment and to preserve the health, as well, to guarantee the workers safety. Keywords: Work conditions, waste minimization, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production and Innovative Processes for an Industry of Re-Manufacturing Automotive Plastic Parts in Hermosillo, Sonora MUNGUIA, N. E.; POOM, T. G.; VELAZQUEZ, L. E.; ESQUER, J. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: Currently, industries are required to include best practices in order to reduce the impact of their activities with their environment. The nature of the production process of industry will be the determining factor in efforts to prevent pollution. So making a precise characterization of the process is an essential part for cleaner production. This work, with this recognition, aims to propose a program of cleaner production and pollution prevention in a remanufacturing industry of automotive plastic parts in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, this program is based on the eight steps of a Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook, taking place within the period of May to December 2012. During the development of this research was detected the existence of environmental and occupational risks. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was made for the assessment of these, in order to broaden the scope of understanding. Increase the scope of the project is recommended in order to take advantage of the corporate interest in improving their practices due to the importance of achieving a greater competitiveness on terms of sustainability. Keywords: Cleaner production, pollution prevention, industry |
||
Cleaner Production and Product Life Cycle Design of the Upholstered Furniture in the State of Alagoas, Brazil A. Rapôso (UFBA-IFAL), A. Kiperstok, S. F. César (UFBA)
|
Abstract: This paper presents some results concerning environmental and organizational aspects obtained from analysis of the manufacture processes of upholstered furniture in the Furniture Cluster in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The methodology is based on concepts of Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production. The data were collected through interviews with employees and direct observation in the local. The results indicate the need for advanced studies to identify possible changes in the product and / or in the development process of upholstered furniture of that cluster. The partial conclusions suggest a future application of Life Cycle Assessment on one of upholstered furniture to improving the manufacturing efficiency through the cleaner environmental practices. Keywords: Cleaner production, product life cycle design, furniture production, upholstered furniture |
||
Cleaner Production Application in a Wood Industry in Amazon State B. G. Pereira (INPA); I. R. Neto (UCB); K. Yuyama (INPA); H. G. Pereira (Kali-Umwelttechnik GmbH Sondershausen - Germany); C. L. P. de Matos (SEBRAE-AM)
|
Abstract: This study shows the proposal of implantation of a Clear Production program (PmaisL) in the company Portela Industry and Commerce of Wood, located in Manaus-Am. Currently, the Portela company, wood floor producer for the external market, operates at 25% of its full capacity, due to difficulties acquiring legalized raw material. In this current situation, the practice of low cost PmaisL has been suggested, as well as the Sebrae-AM subsidy for the Technological Consulting Program, with economic and environmental benefits. Starting from the application of PmaisL methods and based on the opportunities identified, the option taken was to work on the improvement of operational practices in the wood drying sector, as it is directly related with quality control, besides this being the initial basic process for wood improvement. As an intervention proposal, an accompaniment timetable of temperature and humidity of the drying controller/programmer was created to be followed by an employee put in charge of this function. This measure generated a reduction of four days in heater drying time, with a 1,4% reduction in defective raw material, 50% reduction in water consumption in the heater, 25% in energy consumption, 25% in reuse of residues in the ovens, thus decreasing pollutant gases emission by 25%. Other generated benefits were the creation of a new job position, reduction of risks with burning equipment and accidents caused by lack of control and the increased drier yielding. The good acceptance of the PmaisL by the manager was due to it implying no cost for the company, therefore the implementation occurred by means of behavioural changes and insertion of procedures in the task assignments. Keywords: Environment management, residues reduction in the source, good practical, wood company, Amazon [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production applied in the Pre-Printing and Printing Phases in a Graphical Industry F. P. Canesin; M. B. P. dos Santos (UFF)
|
Abstract: This work describes the implementation of Cleaner Production (CP) practices in a graphical industry located in the state of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil. Cleaner Production practices were put into practice in a six month period, consisting in phases and steps as established by UNEP. The production of two printed products was considered as study case: individual sheets with an annual production around 3.9 million, and books of 232 pages with an annual production around 12,600 units. Environmental diagnosis phase showed several opportunities for cleaner production in the pre-printing and printing phases related to water and energy consumption, solid waste reduction, effluents and emissions minimization. After implementing some CP practices, it was obtained a reduction of 37% on the effluent generation, 45% reduction in water consumption, and 45% reduction in plate solution reagent used. One of the main operational obstacles faced during CP practices implementation was related to a lack of budgetary forecast to implementation. Also, it was observed an organizational culture not fully directed towards an efficient resource use and the difficulty in implementing projects that generate expenditure increases. Keywords: Cleaner Production Implementation, Graphical industry, Material reduction, Waste reduction [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production Applied in Sealer Process of Paint Shop from an Automotive Company L. Wiemes (FAMEC); U. Pawlowsky (UFPR)
|
Abstract: In an automotive company, much kind of residues are generated diary. They are of the most variety possible and have to be disposed properly too, according to the specifications that the company has to follow. To study a specific process or residue it took much time and trained people to evaluate the best way to avoid his generation. Normally, the person responsible to realize this study is a technical or an engineer and as the companies nowadays have greats dimensions and as the work realized in a department may cause impacts in another it was decided and more convenient to create a work group to develop and solve this problem. The work described in this article was developed in a sealer process of an automotive paint shop and the author’s presents here some of the steps adopted in cleaner production to reduce in the process application: quantity of material applied, numbers of operations and quantity of residues generated. A little discussion is elaborated at the end of the article and some considerations are showed to diffuse the best practices identified in this company. Keywords: Painting process, protection, residues |
||
Cleaner Production applied to the Hotel Sector S. P. López; R. R. Rodríguez; S. L. Funes (Centro de Producción Más Limpia del Bajío - Mexico)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Bajio Cleaner Production Center (Bajio CP Center) in its project conducted jointly with the Tourism Development Secretariat (SEDETUR) and the Guanajuato’s Environmental Protection Office (PROPAEG). The project called "Cleaner Production - Clean Company" focused on the hotel sector in the major cities of the state of Guanajuato. The objective of this project was to detect the potential savings in the use of raw materials, water and energy, and also contribute to a productive efficiency and reduction of operating costs of companies in this sector. In addition to the economic and environmental benefits achieved by the Cleaner Production (CP) and Energy Efficiency (EE) Implementation, PROPAEG joined efforts to design guidelines based on terms of reference for conducting environmental audits in the state of Guanajuato, to complement the Cleaner Production Diagnosis and Implementations. Therefore, under this scheme all the hotels that make a Cleaner Production project can get the "Clean Company" Certificate issued by PROPAEG, so in a single project the hotel can get environmental regulatory compliance, financial savings, improves public image, increases competitiveness, minimizes negative environmental impacts and the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy. So far, 34 hotels in the cities of León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Silao and San Miguel de Allende have participated in this project. Some of the results obtained are: awareness and training to over 100 employees from the participating hotels, in terms of productive efficiency, pollution control and pollution prevention. The detection of areas of opportunity in CP and EE in 34 hotels can lead to an estimated savings potential of $3 million of Mexican pesos (around 250,000 USD). The implementation of CP and EE at four different hotels is being translated in a decrease in water consumption of 52,987 m3/year, a decrease in polyethylene bag of 1740 kg/year, a decrease of 1,532 l/year of liquid chemicals and 2,065 kg/year of solid wastes. In regard to energy, there will be a decrease in diesel consumption of 5,790 l/year, a decrease in the consumption of LP gas of 47,374 l/year and a reduction in electricity consumption of 20,308 kWh; all this translated also in a decrease in CO2 emissions to the atmosphere of about 135 ton/year. The economic benefits are savings for $ 1,191,300 pesos/year, with a required investment of about $ 218,592 pesos, which has a simple recovery rate of 2 months. Also, 3 hotels obtained the "Clean Company" certificate with a total compliance with environmental laws of the state of Guanajuato. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Guanajuato, hotels |
||
Cleaner Production as a Corporate Sustainability Tool: An Exploratory Discussion H. C. D. Pimenta (IFRN), R. P. Gouvinhas (UFRN)
|
Abstract: This study brings form an exploratory discussion on the CP as a corporate sustainability tool, describing some subjects like sustainable development and cleaner production. These subjects were investigated in studies conducted by several researchers and institutions from Brazil and abroad. Thus, it was considering the three aspects of corporate sustainability, corporate social responsibility (improving quality of life), eco-efficiency (optimizing natural resources usage and reduction of pollutant burden considering the life cycle of products) and competitive position. Thus, it is possible to associate CP as a tool to assist the promotion of corporate sustainability, hence this tool allows continuously search for the environmental efficiency of operations through optimizing of natural resources usage and eliminating waste, improving the environment working by the elimination or minimization of risk to employees and community, and change the consciousness of employees facing the environmental problem, while allowing economic gains with the elimination of waste and risks, as well as increased productivity. Thus, Cleaner Production can be considered a ‘win–win’ strategy, can protect the environment, the consumer and the worker while also improving industrial efficiency, profitability and competitiveness. Keywords: Sustainable Development, corporate sustainability, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper] [Presentation (ENG)] [Presentation (POR)] |
||
Cleaner Production at an Environmental Agency: 15 Years of Experience at CETESB, Sao Paulo - Brazil F. M. Ribeiro, J. W. F. Pacheco (CETESB)
|
Abstract: The State of São Paulo concentrates about 40% of Brazilian industry, which although conferred a large economic force to the state has also brought several environmental challenges in its history. In order to ensure and improve the environmental quality, in 1968 the State government created CETESB, the São Paulo State Environmental Company, which has served on permitting pollution sources, monitoring the environment and transferring technology in its 40 years of existence. In 1996, CETESB made its first contacts with cleaner production (CP) and since then has developed several initiatives to foster CP in the State. This paper presents the main initiatives and the most relevant achievements, with emphasis on the institutional development and the relationship improvement with industrial sectors representatives, concluding with a brief view of the main prospects for the near future. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental agency, public policy, environmental regulation |
||
Cleaner Production Criteria and Project Management Maturity: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis in Brazilian Industries GUIMARÃES, J. C. F.; SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); SENNA, P. (CEFET/RJ)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) is an important mean to systematic reduce losses of both product reuse and manufacturing processes. For the successful implementation of CP is essential to ensure effectiveness of factors that can influence this process, such as identification of used decision criteria together with an effective methodology for managing the implementation strategies of projects in order to reach the expected results. Based on the relevance of the themes, this research has the objective of measuring relationships and correlations between constructs criteria of CP, Project Management Maturity and Success CP, considering the moderating effect of Business size. This study tested 238 manufacturing industries. For the analysis and data interpretation we used the Structural Equation Modeling methodology, which was implemented by a descriptive research method. The survey results show relationships strength and correlations between the constructs, contributing to the research of CP as well as presenting a new research area that can support the assertiveness of management actions. Keywords: Cleaner production, Decision criteria, Project Management Maturity, Brazilian Industry, Structural Equation Modeling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cleaner Production Evaluation System (SAPmaisl): Encouraging The Continuous Improvement R. F. W. Neetzow; J. M. Oliveira (SENAI-RS); A. V. Souza (Apoio Consultoria)
|
Abstract: This report presents the experience carried out for the development and validation of a methodology based on the concepts of the Cleaner Production (CP) through a checking system on the continuous improvement of the CP actions implemented by the companies, with the aim to monitor and contribute for the reduction of the environmental impact generated by them. The study was developed as the extent of a Project under the technical coordination of Cleaner Technologies National Center – CNTL – at SENAI RS, with the financial support by SENAI – National Department and the Regional Departments of the states Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Twenty three (23) companies took part on the study as pilot companies. The standard environmental performance evaluation methodology was developed based on the concepts of the CP. The norm worked out defined the following: the selection criteria of the companies to take part on the pilot project, the requirements of the Cleaner Production Evaluation System (CPES) which where verified by specialists, the certification steps in compliance to the CPES, the goals, the conditions to make pre evaluations, the issue of the CPES Support Certificate, the criteria used in order to reach the goals and the evidences to prove the compliance, the evaluation criteria, how would the company be recommended, how would this recommendation be validated, the expiring date of the certificate and how would the evaluation cycles be. The pilot companies have defined three (3) Environmental Aspects which were monitored during three (3) months, through Operational Performance Indicators. After that, in each state a technical consultancy was made in order to adjust the companies, with the aim to validate the methodology of Environmental Performance Evaluation, based on the concepts of CP. A group of specialists was selected and trained to make environmental performance evaluation at the companies, based on the concepts of CP. The results were presented by the companies showing the environmental benefits and the economic outcomes obtained. Finally, it was made a Verifying Auditory on the compliance of the proposed goals by the trained specialists and the companies who showed the proposed reductions received the CPES Approval Certificate and the CP Seal. This study presents as an example the case study of a pilot company in RS that took part in the study. Keywords: Indicators, cleaner production, environmental performance evaluation, environmental performance indicator, operational performance indicator [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production for Rock Quarrying 'Campel Construções e Máquinas Pesadas LTDA' PONTES, J. C.; SILVA, V. P. (IRFN); LIMA, V. L. A. (UFCG); NASCIMENTO, P. H. M. (IFRN)
|
Abstract: At this turn of the century, several sectors of Brazilian industry still maintain investments in end-of-pipe control, when it should be in preventions, which would avoid or minimize pollution during the production. In the mineral sector, mainly in the mining operation, it still makes use of end-of-pipe technologies. Regarding the rock blasting operation using explosives, loading and transportation, numerous socio-environmental problems have been occurring as wastage and generation of residue throughout the operation process, affecting workers' quality of life, the well-being of communities and the surrounding environment. In this mineral sector, the environmental problems seems to be related to the fly rock, the vibrations, the wastes generated, the emission of dust and gases after the detonation, the increase of the noises, besides the visual and landscape alteration. Therefore, the present study aimed to propose the application of the cleaner production on the rock blasting in the rock quarry of Campel Construções e Máquinas Pesadas Ltda, located in Taipu-RN, aiming at the reduction of waste and the generation of residues. Proceeding the study, the following methodological procedures were used: survey of references, book reports and field research at the mentioned quarry. A diagnosis was made of the mining operation process, followed by the loading and transport phase of the disassembled material. The results of the study and the diagnosis of the situation in which the quarry is located in relation to the waste that has been generated in the phases of the mining operation. It is concluded that the application of cleaner production techniques: it will imply in optimizing the explosive load ratio in the rock blasting carried out in the quarry object of study, it can provide a greater efficiency in the productive process and decrease of the problems listed above, as well as, quality of life. Keywords: Cleaner production. Pollution Prevention. Rock Blasting. Quarry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production Implementation within Textile Industry: Economic and Environmental Benefits H. C. D. Pimenta, R. P. Gouvinhas (IFRN)
|
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the environmental and economic benefits from the Cleaner Production implementation within a furniture industry from Natal-RN. For this, an analysis was made including operational and environmental aspects (process flow diagrams, inputs and outputs information, mass balance, environmental aspect and impact analysis, waste studies) and Feasibility analysis (technical, economic and environmental evaluation, select options for implementation). According the results, it was possible to implement the three levels of CP, through housekeeping practices (cutting and handling of chemicals); technological modification (installation of a pressure washer with the printing of fabrics); internal recycling and external recycling. Regarding economics, there was an annual savings of R$ 55,946.96, making the company more productive and tend to become more competitive. Keywords: Cleaner production, operational and environmental adequacy, textile industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production in a Steel Industry FISCHER, Y. R.; MELO, I. V.; SILVA, L. C. S. (UFPE)
|
Abstract: This paper focuses on the efficiency of steel production process of a steel industry located in the Northeast of Brazil through the eyes of eco-efficiency that integrates the three aspects of sustainable development which are economic, environmental and social. Aims to analyze the critical inputs and residues from the point of view of industrial eco-efficiency according to the Cleaner Production program on your electric steelworks. It is work based on information obtained directly in the industry. Although steelworks (unit where it becomes pig iron or scrap in liquid steel) is one of the most critical units of the steel plant, where the slag is formed, which represents the largest amount of residue generated and the greatest financial waste, it was observed that the industry in question the use of slag as a co-product for the cement industry was the choice for process improvement. Considering that the scrap, pig iron and lime are the inputs with more expensive costs in steelworks, the process temperature control is a practice that allows the reduction of these inputs, and lower energy consumption. Another practice adopted in the steelworks is the purification of scrap. It follows, therefore, that the application of the Cleaner Production program provides a significant improvement in industrial processes, particularly the steel industry. Keywords: steel industry, steelwork, sustainable development, eco-efficiency, Cleaner Production. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cleaner Production in Construction Sector L. S. Goron (PPGEM); R. M. C. Tubino (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Brazilian National Environmental Council created, in july 2002 the resolution number 307, which started to be value in January, 2005. Since then the construction sites had to adequate their site works. In this way, trying to reduce the environmental impacts and a better efficiency of the construction process, it was created in Porto Alegre, Brazil, a group of 7 contractors partially sponsored by SEBRAE and supported by National Center of Clean Technologies- CNTL and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul- UFRGS, with the objective of the application of the Cleaner Production methodology. This paper reports this experience of the construction sector, with very good economical results to the participants enterprises. Keywords: Construction solid waste, clean production, environmental impacts [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production in Construction Sector: a proposal of minimization of residues in the source C. Mattosinho (UFPE); P. Pionório (FASETE)
|
Abstract: The industrial residues make possible to verify an enormous inefficiency in the productive processes, being been that the same ones directly affect the conditions of life of the humanity. The construction sector possesss an enormous parcel of contribution in the deterioration of the ambient quality, since one of its characteristics is the used raw material wastefulness and assistant in the constructive processes of urban enterprises. The present work has as objective to consider a solution to minimize the generation of solid residues in Construction Sector, through the application of the Clean Production methodology. Thus, the main contribution of this work was to demonstrate the possibility of if acting in the cause of the generation of the residues of the sector of civil construction, that is, to breach the paradigm of that wastefulnesses are characteristic of the sector and that the techniques of external recycling are the only exit to reduce the ambient degradation of constructive processes. Keywords: Construction solid waste, clean production, environmental impacts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production in Sector for the Manufacture of Leather Artifacts: Overview and Considerations K. M. C. Mattos; M. R. Monteiro (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: The environmental concern with the residues of the Sector of Manufacture of Leather Devices is justified by the high generated volume and by the degree of contamination with toxic metals of these residues. The residues of the leather contain high dosage of chromium - substance used in the tanning of bovine skin. It’s not degradable, chromium is a risk of contamination of soil and groundwater in areas where residues are deposited. The substance is a heavy metal that can cause allergies and even cancer, if present in large quantities in the human body. Heavy metals, such as chromium, differ from other toxic agents because they are not synthesized or destroyed by man. Residues containing toxic metals have high power to contamination, than the cost of the high cost for its disposal in industrial landfills. Within this context, the paper presents an overview on the sector, the importance of the methodology of Cleaner Production and the first steps of this tool to evaluate the productive process and try to minimize residues generation, reduce costs, increase competitiveness and gain environmental sector and the population as a whole. Keywords: Residues, leather, chrome, cleaner production, management system [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production on Bakeries: Perspectives and Oportunities E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland); A. F. F. Queiroga; E. P. de Almeida; L. R. Porto (CEPIS-PB)
|
Abstract: The relationship between mankind and nature has suffered many mutations through the years, leaving different marks in the landscape with different effects. Among these marks, one can emphasize the desertification process which is caused by predatory anthropic actions and the exploitation of natural resources in very fragile environments, generating desert-like areas which affect, as a result, the life quality of thousands of people in the entire world. In the State of Paraíba, firewood is nearly disappearing and is becoming rare for it has been used in an unplanned and random way by many industries. The intense use of firewood in the State of Paraíba justifies and motivates CEPIS – Centro de Produção Industrial Sustentável (Centre of Sustainable Industrial Production) which is an action of SEBRAE-PB and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland (SECO), and is technically supported by the University of Applied Sciences of Northwestern Switzerland (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz). CEPIS aims at taking C+P actions in the bakery sector in order to reduce the environmental impacts through the rationale use of energetic resources and through the optimization of the productive process. The main goal of the project is to identify opportunities to improve the productive process of bakeries, applying the Cleaner Production Methodology. To achieve this goal, data is collected (Quickscan), the results are analyzed (EcoInspector), there is a discussion and identification of potential opportunities for improvements, and suggestions of Cleaner Production are raised. After analyzing the obtained results, it is observed that the identified options may be considered the first step to finding feasible Cleaner Production solutions, However, it is important to emphasize that some options such as good housekeeping practices may be identified and implemented straight away to bring economic and environmental benefits to the company in a short time. Keywords: Bakeries, cleaner production, wood and energetic efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production Opportunities in a Dairy Farm and Cheese Factory J. Esquer, C. D. Cordero, L. E. Velazquez, N. E. Munguía (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: According to the National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development (INAFED by Spanish acronym), Sonora´s livestock activity possess the national prestige of being one of the main livestock producers in Mexico because of its magnificent quality and its ability to cover the demand of products as well as its important contribution to the national exports. Internationally, this state has been recognized by the United States of America for being a disease free zone referred to livestock production. One of the derivates obtained from the cattle is cheese; all around the state is possible to find different places where this food is produced, from small producers who make the cheese in a home-made manner with gas or even wood stoves in some small communities, to big industries who count with sophisticated equipment and a big investment capacity to commercialize and also export this product. As the cattle raising and cheese production are common activities within the region, analyzing this industries from the cleaner production perspective takes a higher relevance. The aim of this paper is to show relevant results from a study conducted on a cheese production facility in a small city at the northwestern side of the state. The most important opportunities found were those for reducing the energy demand for thermal processes and improving the manure management system, among others; such things will not only achieve an improvement on the company´s environmental performance, but also it will provide a considerable economical benefit which is expected to work as a motivation for further and deeper research and analysis. Keywords: Dairy farming, cheese, cleaner production |
||
Cleaner Production Opportunities in Furniture Manufacturing Process Custom-Made: a Case Study of a Wardrobe LINS, P. S.; DÓRIA, M.V.C.; RAPÔSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA); KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: This article aims to present cleaner production opportunities in furniture manufacturing process custom-made from a case study of a wardrobe.The method applied in this mapping was the UNIDO / UNEP for the implementation of Cleaner Production Programs from simplified model of the Clean Technology Network of Bahia report (Teclim), Polytechnic School of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA).The results indicate significant production losses, that generated suggestions for improvement in the areas of planning, metal cutting, physical layout, safety, inventory of raw materials.Also identifies strategies to increase the eco-efficiency of processes and products in several orders of magnitude (factor 10).One is the creation and implementation of software to optimize the process of project design and budget. Keywords: cleaner production, furniture production, custom-made furniture, opportunities [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cleaner Production Philosophy Applied to Metal Covers Packaging Industry of Seafood S. M. Kakuda A. L. Berreta-Hurtado, C. A. K. Gouvêa (SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: A packaging manufacturer company produces metal covers as part of the package to stow fish. In this process the metal sheets are submitted to a stage where they are cut and it is necessary after-varnishing to avoid any oxidation and a consequent reduction of the package life cycle and food contamination. The pre-existing varnishing process consisted of mixing varnish and hardener by gravity, but it did not allow a total control over the two components. Besides, it was necessary to maintain mechanical agitators working constantly even during weekends and holydays in order to prevent curing inside pipes. As a consequence, the process resulted in residue incrustation in the equipment and pipes, as well as solvent waste and uncontrolled residues destination. Cleaner production philosophy was implemented through installing an air compressed equipment to mix the two-component varnish and control their quantities, what led to a considerable varnish economy even with metal covers production growth. This allowed cleaning pipes and shutting off the equipment after use with no risks of obstruction. Waste control and solvent recycling were implemented and resulted in material economy and product quality. Keywords: Cleaner production, waste reduction, environmental impact |
||
Cleaner Production Practices in Military Organization Service Provider Industry (MOSP-I): a study in the Naval Base of Val-de-Cães, Brazil R. A. Maranhão (USP)
|
Abstract: The increase and diversification of activities within the Military Organizations Service Providers Industrial (MOSP-I) have provided increased waste generation and consumption rates of energy and water, making it necessary to support the planning for the integrated management of environment in order to maintain the environmental quality, from stock control and waste treatment, energy efficiency and waste-water. The methodology known as Cleaner Production (CP), based on practical principles that include integrated actions between aspects of environmental quality, occupational health and safety, promoting development and transfer of clean technologies. The results show decline and improvement in various sectors through programs of the organization itself to reuse waste projects and solutions to improve the functioning of elements of different subsystems and prevent waste. Other products expected to include a program that will include workshops on environmental education, improvements in handling, packaging and disposal of waste generated, as a condition for improving the quality of the environment at the Naval Base of Val-de-Cães. Keywords: Cleaner Production, environmental management, military organization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production Practices Towards Circular Economy Implementation at the Micro-Level: An Empirical Investigation of a Home Appliance Manufacturer SOUZA-ZOMER, T. T. (UFSC); MAGALHÃES, L.; ZANCUL, E. (USP); CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC); CAUCHICK-MIGUEL, P. A. (UFSC/USP)
|
Abstract: The concept of circularity has been widely discussed in the literature, but the implementation of the circular economy (CE) concept at the micro-level remains unexplored. Manufacturing companies should develop new business strategies and implement new practices in the transition process towards a circular economy model at the bottom-up. Cleaner production (CP) principles and practices have been discussed as essential for CE adoption at the micro-level, but specific studies should be conducted regarding the adoption and effects of cleaner production in promoting CE. Thus, this paper aims to explore the cleaner production principles and practices adopted by a manufacturing company located in an emerging economy in order to understand how those were valuable to foster CE implementation. A case-based research was adopted in this investigation. The CP practices introduced by the company were analyzed, their connections with the requirements to be measured when transitioning to a CE paradigm, and with CE areas at the micro-level. An inductive approach was adopted to develop some propositions regarding CP and CE interactions. The main findings revealed that CP practices for product optimization are valuable to CE implementation regarding circular product design strategies. The CP principle of input substitution is valuable to reduce input and use of natural resources as well as to increase the share of renewable and recyclable resources. Technological optimization can contribute to reducing emissions level. In addition, it could be noticed that CP practices at the production area enable CE practices implementation at the micro-level and a connection with other CE areas (i.e. waste management, consumption, and support). Moreover, the findings confirmed that all CP practices and principles implemented by the company were enablers to the CE issues implementation regarding the new business strategy. Further studies may focus on testing the propositions developed in this study in other manufacturing contexts as well as on the investigation of possible cause-effect relationship that may exist between CP and CE practices adoption. Keywords: circular economy, product-service systems, cleaner production, home appliance manufacturer |
||
Cleaner Production Program in the cut sector of a textile industry F. F. Rubino; J. C. Campos; L. Yokoyama (UFRJ); D. S. A. Batista (FIRJAN)
|
Abstract: One of the largest challenges of the organizations is to keep the competitiveness in the global market in a sustainable way and to assist the need to minimize the environmental impacts. In this way, this paper has as objectives the application of the Cleaner Production in the section of cut of a big textile industry, aiming to modify old habits of the company. Through the minimization of the generation of residues and better use the raw material, there are obtained environmental and financial benefits. So, the enterprise will be fortified. Cleaner Production in the cut sector of the textile industry reached the economic benefit about R$ 550 thousand; improvements in the system of information; beyond the awareness on the part of the company of the importance of the employees training. Keywords: Cleaner production, sustainable development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production, Process Innovation and Environmental Benefits: A case from the Metal-Mechanic Industry in Serra Gaúcha, Brazil E. A. Severo (UCS), J. C. F. Guimarães (FTSG), M. R. da Cruz, E. Dorion (UCS)
|
Abstract: The Cleaner Production methodology (CP) provides organizations with viable alternatives to minimize and prevent solid waste production, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions, efficient use of raw materials, especially water and energy, reducing environmental risks to human beings and bringing economic benefits to companies. Process innovation occurs through the adoption of new forms and methods of production. These methods allow improvements in productivity, reduce costs and waste; increasing the productive life of equipment and processes, among others. The aim of this study is to analyze the environmental and economic benefits for a company, through the use of the CP methodology and the process of innovation that were implemented in a companu of the metal-mechanic Pole of the region of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil. The research method is exploratory and applied to a case study. The company is active on the Brazilian market since 1954, producing a number of products for the construction, furniture, automotive and housewares industries. The CP methodology of CP was implemented in 2007 and the teams are currently undertaking improvement, articulating the innovations in the search of waste reduction from the source, the incorporation of new technologies; bringing benefits to the work environment. The implementation of these process innovations has generated a 65% reduction of the production of oil and water wastes. These innovations resulted in a 67.9% savings on treatment and final disposal of these wastes. Through the CP methodology, the innovations developed caused economic and environmental benefits, which contribute to the sustainability of the company. Keywords: Cleaner production, process innovation, metal-mechanic industry, Serra Gaúcha. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production, Social Responsibility and Eco-Innovation as Antecedents of Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Consumption: The Generations's Perception of a Sustainable Future SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (UFPEL); DORION, E. C. H. (UCS); GIRARDI, G. (IMED)
|
Abstract: The increase in population, the high consumption of food and products, as well as the generation of domestic and industrial waste has triggered impacts on the environment, which compromises the maintenance of natural resources for a sustainable future. Cleaner production (CP), social responsibility (SR) and eco-innovation (EI) aim at sustainability, where environmental awareness (EA) and sustainable consumption (SC) include the principles and values linked to the environment issues that contribute to a sustainable future. The purpose of this study is to measure the EA antecedent relations, considering the constructs of CP, SR and EI. The study also analyzes the relationship between EA and SC, as well as their moderating effect on the Baby boomers and the X and Y generations on the relationships between the constructs. The research a based on the perception of 1123 participant from different generations from the region of south Brazil and the method includes a quantitative and descriptive research, through modeling of structural equations. The results highlight that there is an important relationship between CP, SR and EI, which positively influence EA and consequently, SC. The study also shows a strong correlation between CP and IE. In this context, both generations present different perceptions about those constructs, however the “Baby boomers” generation presented a greater perception from the CP actions carried out by the companies. Consequently, it is evident for the companies to start disclosing CP as an opportunity window, which stimulates SC and benefit the environment. Such positioning may become fundamental for the maintenance of natural resources and the quality of life for future generations. Keywords: Cleaner production, Social responsibility, Eco-innovation, Sustainable consumption, Generations [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production to Adapt to Climate Change: A Stakeholder Delphi Survey in a Heavily Affected District in Vietnam HENS, L. (Vito - Belgium); NGUYEN, A.T. (Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment - Vietnam); SAGASTUME, A.; CABELLO, J.J. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia); BLOCK, C. (2C Ecosolutions - Belgium); VANDECASTEELE, C. (KU Leuven - Belgium)
|
Abstract: As compared to mitigation of climate change, adaptation is often the poor cousin. Nevertheless the combination of the increasing reality of climate change effects and the inertion of the international community to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions makes adaptation (in combination with mitigation) increasingly important. Adaptation measures and actions are indicated in each sector affected by climate change impact. Most obvious they gradually appear managing: - Biodiversity, - Agriculture and forestry, - Green and smart cities, - Water security, - Tourism, - Extreme climate conditions and disasters. The challenges raised in each of these domains differ, which results in a wide variety of actions, replies and responses: from nature-based solutions, over green roofs and bio-economies, to region tailored policies. This contribution analyses the diversified role of cleaner production in a context of adaptation to climate change related hazards in middle-Vietnam. Ky Anh is a district which is heavily and increasingly affected by recurrent storms. The adaptation capacity of the 20 coastal villages of the district is analyzed using a two rounds Delphi approach involving 36 panel members, representing the four major stakeholder groups in the area (authorities, farmers, fishermen, fish traders). They were invited to complete a questionnaire covering pressures, state, and responses of the local climate change associated events. The replies to the adaptation part of the questionnaire revealed that after the main storms the measures by the local authorities, including construction policies, upgrading of dykes and irrigation systems, and the provided postdisaster assistance, were qualified as inadequate. The panelists suggested acting on: - Planting larger areas of mangroves and other coastal protection forest. - More investment in waste management. - More investment in renewable energy (wind, solar, biomass). Acting on “cleaner production” is an effective concept increasing the environmental, economic, social and health sustainability of the most necessary actions in these heavily affected regions. Keywords: Climate change, adaptation, Delphi. |
||
Cleaner Production: A Bibliometric Study in Scopus Data Base GIACCHETTI, M. C. M.; AGUIAR, A. O. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: Environmental issues have influenced the industry regarding changes in their production processes to minimize environmental impacts. The growth of this concern has enabled many researchers to develop scientific research on cleaner production practices, making enough frequent theme. In order to understand the scientific literature on this topic, we performed a bibliometric study. The analysis was divided into three periods: until 1999, from 2000 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2014. Information on the articles were obtained from Scopus. It was possible to evaluate the main authors of published works, the main journals, the productions took place a year and the keywords associated. Among the most productive authors, there is a great permeability of the area because only one of the authors figured in the list of the most productive in the three periods. The application of Lotka's law that the distribution of articles by authors adheres to the model, although over time there is a change in the shape of the curve due to changing patterns. Among the journals there was a significant predominance of the Journal of Cleaner Production and a scattering among periodicals related areas, showing the interdisciplinary aspect of the area. The study of keywords indicated a recent increase approach of practical issues and specific environmental issues such as biodiesel and biofuels Keywords: Clean production, bibliometrics, scopus, lotka [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cleaner Production: Application Analysis in Mass Services and Professional Services SANTOS, H. O. (UFPE - Brazil); ALVES, J. L. S. (UFPE/ FESURV - Brazil); MELO, F. J. C.; MEDDEIROS, D. D. (UFPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Currently, the society and the market have a holistic view of environmental questions and they are concerned not only with economic benefits but also with the consequences they bring to the environment. The growth of the service sector means that the service rendering knows and measures its environmental impacts and minimizes its negative influence. The Cleaner Production Program uses tools that associate economic, social and environmental benefits to an organization's activities. In this sense, this study proposes to analyze the Cleaner Production two companies providing professional and mass services, according to the Schmenner classification. Two stages were used, from the five of the Cleaner Production methodology, pre-evaluation and evaluation, followed by an approach that integrates concepts and principles of Quality Management in the Process proposed by Paladini, Cleaner Production and the methodology PDCA. As a result, it was observed that the organizational culture determines the vision of the purpose for the implantation of the Cleaner Production. However, it is possible to affirm that, with the adoption of Cleaner Production, service providers will know the environmental aspects and impacts of the process and the service, and identify opportunities for cost reduction, resulting in the growth of the organization. Keywords: Cleaner production; services; sustainability. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production: The Case of the Automotive Metal-mechanic Local Productive Arrangement from Serra Gaúcha E. A. Severo; P. M. Olea; G. S. Milan; E. Dorion (UCS)
|
Abstract: Industrial production allied to a vertiginous economic improvement, during the last decades, has provoked negative impacts to the planet’s natural resources, what reflects in society’s life quality and environmental health. Currently humanity has faced extremely complex environmental problems, whose solution seems to be in applying a preventive environmental strategy, instead of having corrective actions. Undertaker strategies, up to then summarized to the economic matter, such as competitiveness, efficiency, profitability, etc, start to concern about environmental variables, and it is, then, vital to incorporate them to productive processes. Organizations started to adopt new technological strategies, by means of implanting environmental management systems. Face the environmental matter, these systems are seen as a competitive difference, as well as a factor of organizational improvement, in order to rationalize the consumption of natural resources. The expectation is environmental management strategies, besides decreasing the environmental impacts, may generate more profit, increasing the company’s competitiveness and efficiency. Within this scenery, there are different methodologies in environmental management, as well as practices of Cleaner Production, which consider the opportunity of reducing costs, once a polluting organization is usually an entity that wastes raw material and inputs. The objective of this study was to identify environmental innovations, Cleaner Production methodologies and the results of implementing all of this. Three companies were analyzed in the Automotive Metal-mechanic Local Productive Arrangement from Serra Gaúcha (South of Brazil). It is a multi-case qualitative research. From the results, it is possible to highlight companies implemented technological innovations, once the objective was to improve the productive process. Results from the implementation of Cleaner Production methodologies show the studied companies had improvements in factors related to the productive process, such as increasing the operational efficiency, reducing costs with raw material and energy, and improving the product’s environmental quality. Consequently, all these improvements have generated competitive advantage for the company that is placed in a more and more global scenery. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental management, operational efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production: the report of an experience Presented by: F. C. F. Clementino; F. J. P. Pereira (SEBRAE-RN)
|
Abstract: The SEBRAE of RN, in partnership with CNTL/SENAI-RS carried out a course to form consultants in cleaner production for small and micro companies. As a participant, I carried out the practical part of the consultance in cleaner production in the company Tecniplas Nordeste Plásticos Reforçados Ltda., situated in Natal/RN. Therefore, it was used a software involving several determinations, being presented in this narrative some information regarding cleaner production and the reduction of waste as: case study and economics and environmental results. Keywords: Cleaner production, waste reduction, environment [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Technologies and Sustainable Development: contributions of Brazilian Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects A. Costa, J. C. S. Andrade (UFBA)
|
Abstract: This paper evaluates the contribution of ten Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects for the generation of cleaner technologies and the promotion of sustainable development in Brazil. The results of this multiple-case study demonstrate the prevalence of projects that: a) use end-of-pipe technologies; b) have a single or double bottom line profile with regard to sustainable development; c) show endogenous technology transfer, with the acquisition/development of most of the know-how and equipment in Brazil. In short, this paper defends Brazilian CDM projects make only a modest contribution to cleaner technology generation and to the promotion of triple bottom line sustainable development. Keywords: Cleaner technologies, sustainable development, the Clean Development Mechanism - CDM [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cleaner Production with Emphasis on Environmental Sustainability and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Southern Brazil SEVERO, E. A.; GUIMARAES, J. C. F.; DORION, E.. NODARI, C. H. (UCS)
|
Abstract: As a result of globalization and breakneck industrial development, concerns about pollution and the environment encompass a global level. However, environmental degradation can undermine an entire local ecosystem, and some negative impacts may also be felt in different biomass. Accordingly, organizations can minimize the environmental impact by making use of environmental practices, such as methodologies on Cleaner Production (CP). Cleaner Production refers to actions that allow a company to qualify itself as an efficient user of raw materials and energy during the production process, aiming to increase productivity and consequently, to increase competitiveness and improve organizational performance. The Automotive Metal-Mechanic Cluster (AMMC) of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, is seen as an important industrial Pole in Brazil, due to its high concentration of spare parts, agricultural machinery and transport vehicles production companies.The AMMC is currently the second largest cluster of its kind in Brazil. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between CP, environmental sustainability and organizational performance, in 298 companies of the Serra Gaúcha Cluster. In this regard, a survey was realized and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) was implemented for data analysis. The results show that companies the AMMC in the Serra Gaúcha seek alternative processes to reduce costs and contribute to the company's image for their customers. Moreover, practices related to environmental sustainability, such as CP are often used among Metal-MechanicCompanies. It was also observed that CP practices influences environmental sustainability, as well as organizational performance, showing that the CP methodologies contribute to increase production capacity and flexibility, and improving aspects of health and safety. It is evident the contribution of CP for the performance and competitiveness of organizations. It is worth noting that companies in the Serra Gaucha tend to work committed to environmental sustainability welfare workers, society and the environment, while still moving up by coercive and normative pressures. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, organizational performance, Brazilian metal-mechanic industry.
|
||
CO2 Flow Accounting in a Commercial Bamboo Plantation Aiming the Paper Production L. Ghelmandi Netto; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Given the significance of climate change for the sustainability of human society, the need for studies that address the storage of CO2 is increasingly important. Thus, this study evaluates the potential for mitigation of global emissions of CO2 in commercial plantations. In this case, the system chosen for study is a commercial plantation of bamboo for the paper production industry, located in northeastern Brazil. Besides the main activity of the plantation, additional scenarios has been adopted, heading a more complete evaluation of CO2 released and stored in the lifetime of the bamboo plantation (25 years). Alternatives for reducing the CO2 released in the use of plantation’s resources were also studied. Keywords: Commercial plantation, bamboo, CO2 emission, CO2 storage, paper production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Coagulation/Flocculation Process with Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam for the Removal of Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Water L. Nishi, G. S. Madrona, A. M. S. Vieira (UEM), F. J. Bassetti (UFTPR), G. F. Silva (UFSE), R. Bergamasco (UEM)
|
Abstract: Waterborne diseases occur worldwide, and outbreaks caused by the contamination of community water systems have the potential to cause disease in large numbers of consumers. Among waterborne diseases, gastroenteric ones are the most frequent. Approximately, 19% of outbreaks in the USA are attributed to parasitic protozoans, especially species of Giardia and Cryptosporidium because of their wide distribution in the environment, high incidence and resistance to conventional chlorination treatment. In conventional water treatment, several chemical coagulants are used, most commonly aluminum sulfate, although the production of non-biodegradable sludge and indications of damage to health have led to a search for other coagulants that are less harmful to the environment and to human health. Therefore, several natural coagulants are being studied, such as the seeds of Moringa oleifera. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of moringa seeds as a coagulant for the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts, color and turbidity from raw water. To carry out the coagulation assays, raw water was artificially contaminated with these protozoans. This water was submitted to coagulation/flocculation with different dilutions of a stock solution of 1 % moringa seeds, and the mixtures were tested in a jar test apparatus. The water samples were analyzed before and after the coagulation assays. In order to assess (oo)cysts removal, samples were analyzed by the membrane-filtration technique, with mechanical extraction and elution followed by direct immunofluorescence technique. Water color and turbidity were measured according to the procedure recommended by the Standard Methods. Concentrations above 150 mg/L from the 1% solution of moringa seeds gave the best (oo)cysts removal, about 94% to Giardia cysts and 90% to Cryptosporidium oocysts. Turbidity removal ranged from 0 to 97.4%, color removal varied from 6.7% to 73.5%. Color and turbidity removal were found to be dependent on the initial turbidity of the water sample and the concentration of coagulant. Coagulation with moringa seeds gave satisfactory results in reducing the number of protozoan parasites (oo)cysts. The use of M. oleifera Lam seeds can be considered advantageous and a promising step towards improving the processes of water coagulation/flocculation to remove these protozoans. Keywords: Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Moringa oleifera, coagulation/flocculation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Coals Industrial Beneficiation Processes from Santa Catarina, Brazil: Inorganic Components Geochemical DALMORA, A. C.; LIMA, B. D.. TAFFAREL, S. R.; OLIVEEIRA, M. L. S. (La Salle Universitary Center)
|
Abstract: Comparative research of the mineral matter and trace elements in 12 pairs of run-of-mine (ROM) and clean-coal products from beneficiation plants in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, have been developed out using lowtemperature oxygen-plasma ashing, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis techniques with the aim of estimate the effect of coal preparation on the mineralogy and chemical composition of the final coal products. The results showed that substantial reductions in mineral matter and ash levels are associated with beneficiation of coals mined from the different deposits. These reductions are accompanied by changes in the levels of Fe2O3 in the respective coal ashes, due to the reduction in the proportion of pyrite in the mineral matter, and also by a reduction in the level of Na2O, possibly due to ion exchange within the clay minerals. The relative proportions of quartz, clay minerals, and minor phases such as calcite and feldspar (mainly albite) within the mineral matter are not, however, significantly changed by the beneficiation processes. The concentrations of most trace elements in the beneficiation products are similar to the respective concentrations in the relevant ROM materials, or are reduced to an extent similar to that of the total mineral matter level for the respective coal samples. This indicates an association mainly with the clay-rich mineral matter. The concentrations of As and Pb, however, are reduced to a greater extent for most samples by the beneficiation processes, in accordance with a pyrite association. Concentrations of Ge, U and Zr are higher in many of the clean coals than in the respective run-of-mine materials, indicating the possibility of preferential association, at least for some deposits, with the organic-rich fractions of the coals concerned. Comparison of ROM and clean coal products from Santa Catarina preparation plants shows significant reductions in ash, mineral matter and total sulphur percentages associated with beneficiation, and also in the relative proportions of pyrite within the mineral matter. With the exception of pyrite, the mineral matter of the clean coals, as determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction, is similar to that of the respective ROM materials, with abundant quartz, kaolinite, illite and interstratified illite/smectite, and minor proportions of calcite and other accessory phases, and appears to have been little changed by coal preparation. Keywords: Mineral matter, X-ray diffraction, coal preparation, pyrite, trace element
|
||
Colombian Clean Fuel Matrix: Current Scenario and Opportunities for Biofuels Enhancement LUNA-DELRISCO, M. A.; QUINTERO SUAREZ, F.; GONZÁLEZ PALACIO, M.; VILLEGAS MONCADA, S.; ARREDONDO OROZCO, C.A.; CUATINDIOY IMBACHI, J.; GONZÁLEZ PALACIO, L.(Universidad de Medellin - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In Colombia, since 2005, diverse technologies for biofuels production have been studied and implemented in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels. The main biofuels produced in the Colombian fuel matrix are bioethanol and biodiesel. Only few cases are reported on industrial biogas production. This study presents the Colombian biofuel potential and the actions expected for its development in the national market. The main findings of this research study are: Colombian biofuels regulatory framework is constantly being updated, strategies for the development of bio-based economies on rural areas in small-scale production facilities is being promoted, and sustainable rural developments practices based on GIS modelling are being considered. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of biofuels on the transportation sector, to assess the opportunities for the Colombian fuel matrix, and to assess the preparedness of the regulation to promote and sustain biofuels on the market. Further research is expected to forecast biomass valorisation scenarios in which studies based on second generation biomass conversion technologies are needed to validate economic feasibility of new projects of industrial facilities. Keywords: Biofuels, energy matrix, diversification strategies, regulatory framework. |
||
Colombian Oil Market: Keys to Sustainable Development GRIMALDO-GUERRERO, J. W.; SILVA-ORTEGA, J.(CUC-Colombia); OSORIO-TOVAR, J. (Instituto Universitario Politécnico Santiago Mariño - Venezuela)
|
Abstract: This paper analyzes the conceptual and methodological relevance of the ten features of successful proposed for the design of an energy market, which was used to recognize drivers, barriers and / or inhibitors in the Colombian oil market. The design involved the analysis of the costs associated with the projects, a list of the ten features that can support the recognition of ideas for the Colombian context and the proposal of recommendations that are the basis for the generation of sustainable policies. These recommendations are designed with a comprehensive view, which allows strengthening the decision making from the different points of view under which they are put on trial. The results show that the integration of policies for sustainable development must consider public and private actors, to give a greater scope that can strengthen the improvement in decision making and the quality of the processes. Keywords: Energy market; sustainability; energy policy; Oil&Gas; self-sufficiency. |
||
Combining Sustainability and Quantitative Models - An Analysis for the Countries of The BRICS - SARTORI, S.; CAMPOS, L. M. S.; SAMOHYL, R. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The interest in the development of indicators to measure sustainability is growing, but there are few studies about the changes of these indicators over time. In this context, this paper presents a temporal analysis of CO2 emissions for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) on period of 1980 to 2010, except for Russia (1992 to 2010). The analysis of CO2 emissions here treated as an indicator of sustainability, presenting in the preliminary current situation and future emissions of these countries on a horizon of 10 years. Although the series analyzed and estimated to be short, it revealed some important information. The estimation by means of ARIMA models and exponential smoothing coefficients showed statistically significant. From a practical point of view, the ARIMA model has better adhesion to the series since it had the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The estimated growth of CO2 emissions confirms the unsustainability of the BRICS future. Finally, the experience of this study suggests the use of predictive models for quantitative analysis of sustainability. Keywords: Sustainability, CO2 emissions, ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Comparative Study Between Conventional and Clean Extraction Techniques and Characterization of the Biocomposites of Brazilian Ginseng Pfaffia glomerata Using FT-RAMAN and FT-NIR BALASTRERI, C.; SAKAI, O. A. (IFPR - Brazil); BARROS, B. C. B.; SEIXAS, F. A. V.; SATO, F.; OGAWA, C. Y. L.; ROCHA, S. A.; MELLO, J. C. P. (UEM - Brazil)
|
Abstract:The Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen is a native plant of Latin America. Its therapeutic properties had been discovered by the Japanese pharmaceutical industry, since many researches have been carried out to obtain biocomposites. The main compound of interest is β-ecdysone, a natural steroid present in the plant roots. The therapeutic properties attributed to ginseng are anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, memory enhancer and tonic. In addition to β-ecdysone, terpenes, triterpenes, nortriterpenes and phenols are also found. It´s use has also been explored by the food industry as a surfactant technological agent and emulsion stabilizer. The objective of the present study was to compare conventional and clean biocomposite extraction techniques, as well to characterize the Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata using FT-RAMAN and FT-NIR spectrophotometers. The results showed that roots are an excellent source of carbohydrates when extracted by the clean technology via subcritical water (SWE), with a yield of 13.22% higher than the classical organic solvent methodology via Soxhlet. The use of clean supercritical fluid extraction technologies, specifically SWE, corroborate with the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS), as they are environmentally sound technological innovations. Near-infrared spectrophotometric (NIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (FT-RAMAN) analyzes demonstrated several chemical groups with technological potential, with emphasis on mineral selenium (Se). This mineral imparts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity to the human organism, which have been observed in several peaks of the spectra. When compared the β-ecdysone standard with the extract of the ginseng root in the FTRAMAN spectrum, we observed eight identical peaks, confirming the presence of the compound in the roots of P. glomerata. Keywords: ODS, supercritical fluids, clean technology, spectrophotometry. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Comparative Analysis of Cleaner Production Implementation in South American Countries: Brazil, Chile and Colombia PEREIRA, G. R. (UFSC); SANT’ANNA, F. S. P. (IFSC)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP), proposed by UNEP, concerns an environmental management strategy that seeks to prevent environmental impacts and risks, and increase the efficiency of processes, products and services. This strategy has been adopted by governments and companies worldwide alongside increased environmental degradation and stricter legal requirements. This paper presents an analysis of the implementation of Cleaner Production policy, in the context of public policies, in three countries in South America with a history of environmental sustainability: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. The goal was to clarify which institutional arrangement contributed the most to encourage companies to adopt Cleaner Production strategies. The methodology consisted of a qualitative exploratory research using bibliography and public documents. The results indicate that the three countries have different institutional-political arrangements concerning Cleaner Production, which explains the different reactions from companies and the different levels of success of CP in each country. Governments most active, with strong policies and environmental management frameworks, such as Chile and, in part, Colombia, show the best results. It is observed that when the environmental management is actually government policy, the production sector is motivated to continue to improve its environmental impact over the years. Keywords: Cleaner production, public policy, environmental management framework.
|
||
Comparative Analysis of Houses Construction Using Emergy Accounting C. S. Carvalho (Universidad Alberto Hurtado - Chile), Y. Ogura (UNIP), E. Grinover (Grinover Associados), A. R. P. L. Albuquerque (UNIP)
|
Abstract: We present an application of the methodology of environmental accounting in emergy, comparing the environmental impact generated by a house designed in a timber production system of "exploitation", the second wood of the first use and third, masonry type, from the same architectural project. By using the graphical tool - ternary diagram - , rates the emergy flow and environmental indicators in emergy, in the three models studied. The results showed a favorable trend for the home designed in wood production system of "exploitation", all indicators were higher than the other two cases under study, highlighting the environmental sustainability index of 125 times larger than the house of masonry. This system proved to be less constructive aggressive to the environment, which may allow the adoption of this house as a habitation solution of Vilhena in the state of Roraima, the city adopted as a model for this study. Keywords: Environmental sustainability, emergy account, environmental indicators, sustainable constructive system, "exploitation" wood [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Comparative Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Polyester to Epoxy Matrixes Composites Reinforced with Hemp Fibers MANTOVANI, D. P.; ROHEN, L. A.; NEVES, A. C. C.; VIEIRA, J. S.; PONTES, L. A. P.; VIEIRA, C. M. F. (UENF); MARGEM, F. M. (Faculdade Redentor); MONTEIRO, S. N. (Instituto Militar de Engenharia - RJ)
|
Abstract: This present work consists in comparing the tensile properties of polyester and epoxy matrix composites reinforced with hemp fibers. According to ASTM D-638-14 the matrix, polyester and epoxy reinforcing specimens reinforced with different volumes of hemp, 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% fibers were made and suitably tested by a universal machine INSTRON model 5582 of the LAMAV / UENF. The epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 30% of fibers presented tensile strength, of 53.08 MPa, while those of polyester matrix, 25.44 MPa. The elastic modulus, epoxy matrix composites, in a volume of 30%, was 1.75 GPa and the polyester matrix 4.05 GPa. The tests showed comparatively that the resistance of the epoxy reinforced with hemp fiber composites is superior to the composites of polyester matrix. However, the stiffness of these polyester / hemp fiber composites is higher than the epoxy / hemp fiber ones. The determination of the mechanical properties of these new composites materials contributed to the search for new sustainable materials, economically viable and technologically advanced. Keywords: tensile properties, composites, polyester, epoxy, hemp fibers |
||
Comparative Environmental Assessment for Public Luminaires O. Sanchez Júnior (IPT)
|
Abstract: A comparative analysis was performed to compare the design of two distinct products, ie, luminaires manufactured by different processes (manufacturers) to obtain sensitivity and validate the technique of LCA for product redesign. Following recommendations of ISO 14040, was defined the scope of study to ensure that its breadth, depth and degree of detail to attend the established objective. The inputs and outputs relevant to all stages of life were recorded. With the support of software GaBi 4.0, the environmental impacts were obtained from environmental surveys. The functional unit was customized in order to promote a gain in sensitivity when comparing the environmental performance of both products. The products were then compared according to the environmental impacts considered. From the strategies prescribed by the ecodesign approach, we identified the main points to be improved in the redesign of products to mitigate the potential environmental impacts associated with its life cycle and improve on their environmental performance. Thus there was the potential of technology as a development tool for this type of product. Keywords: Acv of lighting products, acv of luminaires, environmental assessment of lighting products, products redesigning by acv, ecodesign of lighting products. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Comparative Study Between the per Capita Generation of Solid Residues of two buildings - Lago and Caraíbas, Goiania, Goias RABELO, B. L. (PUC-GO); ASSUNÇÃO, S. G. S. (PUC-GO/UFG); VENTUROLI, F. (UFG)
|
Abstract: The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative research between horizontal and vertical buildings in middle-class condominiums in the city of Goiânia regarding their respective per capita residues by assessing the specific weight of solid residues in the location and indicating the factors of possible influence on their production. Using the collected data, we quantified the per capita generation of these residues in Condominium do Lago (Horizontal) as well as inCaraíbas Building (Vertical). The methodology employed in this study was divided into five stages: bibliographical review; definition of thearea ofresearchwith technical visits;information; collectionin loco, residue quartering. The results led to the conclusion that both buildings generate practically the same amount of residue; it is required to enable alternative destinations for urban solid residues as well as to develop effective and permanent programs for environmental awareness and improvethe management of solid residues in the location. Keywords: Urban solid residues, gravimetric composition, quartering [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Comparative Study of Methods for the Synthesis of Silica Gel from Biomass Residue Ash of Sugarcane HELENO, R. A.; REIS, T. V. S.; FUNGARO D. A. (IPEN/CNEN-SP)
|
Abstract: Biomass residue ash of cane sugar (ACS) was used on synthesis of silica xerogel (SG) by three different routes. SG was produced using alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation. The process of synthesis was optimized by applying a wide range of experimental conditions. No SG was obtained using classic hydrothermal treatment for silica extraction. SG was successfully synthesized via fusion with NaOH followed by hydrothermal reaction used to prepare sodium silicate solution. The best condition for silica gel productionwas achievedwith gelation of silica carried out at 80 oC. Our experimental data suggest that the ACS could be converted into a value added product, minimizing the environmental impact of disposal problems. Keywords: Silica xerogel, Biomass residue ash, Sugarcane [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Comparative Study of the Sustainability and the Human Development Index F. J. C. Demetrio; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. de Almeida (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the environmental and economic study of the city of São Luís was used in the accounts came to calculate the ESI. It develops also study about the HDI and related method is by comparison with other cities. It is the result that the city of São Luís has a medium ESI, equal to 2.9. The ESI is much better than the other cities under study have a high HDI, thus generating a discussion between the development model adopted by the cities. Keywords: Emergy, Human Development Index, urban sustainability, ternary diagram [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Comparative Study with Emphasis on Emergy Environmental Sustainability of food with nutritional similarity R. L. Guarnetti; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Well known and traditional foods such as potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and beans have important place in the world’s alimentation. Options for not so well known foods in the West, but rather consumed in Asian countries such as bamboo shoots, offer nutritional value comparable to many of these traditional aliments. In this sense, aspects of environmental sustainability of these aliments were evaluated and compared. Among them, bamboo shoots are more sustainable. When the study considers the production efficiency, the potato is the better option. The main nutrients of each aliment according to the emergy per unit invested were also evaluated to find more sustainable options for obtaining a specific nutrient from these aliments. Keywords: Bamboo shoot, ternary diagram, emergy, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Comparing the Environmental Performance of two Cosmetics Soaps using the LCA´s Technique ROMEU, C. C.; SILVA, G. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The society ́s environmental awareness growth resulted in a need to produce consumer goods and services in a more rational and harmonious way with the environment and, within this scenario, new environmental techniques have emerged, and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) achieved prominence, since it can be used by companies as a tool for decision support environment, from environmental relevant indicators and characterized as a competitive opportunity for diverse sectors of economy. In search of an opportunity for differentiation, there are the cosmetic industries that have the need to present news and may, with the application of LCA methodology, develop more sustainable products. The cosmetic products more consumed are the soap, bar and liquid, which may in its manufacturing processes, favoring the use of plant ingredients and use the appeal of being environmentally friendly products, but a more detailed study of all its processes, may include the use of somenon-renewable source materials and the use of soap in the bath, may disqualify itfrom the eco-friendly appeal. Therefore, in this study, sought it the application of LCAtool chain management of two cosmetic soaps, bar and liquid, allowing the identification of critical steps and their assessment of their environmental effects, performingan environmental comparison between the results for the choice of which soap isless harmful to the environment. It was conducted a case study in a cosmetic companymanufacturer of bar soaps and liquid and were evaluated the production processesin the suppliers of raw materials soaps, its use in the bath step process andthe packaging dispose of these soaps. Through this model, it was possible to identifythe most critical stages of manufacturing processes, to observe the impact that thestage of use of cosmetic soap in the shower and compare the differentiation of impact that the type of packaging promotes in a life cycle assessment' study. The RECIPE2008 was used as the LCIA methodology and at the environmental comparison of the two soaps, it was possible to conclude that the liquid soap had less over-allimpact than the bar soap. The impact categories like Climate change and Fossil depletion were the most significant for both soaps and the Transformation of land was significant only for the bar soap. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment, Soap,Cosmetic Industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Comparison of Environmental Assessment Methods in the Analysis of the Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Production Systems MÉNDEZ, C.; RENGIFO, C. F; CORRALES, J. C.; FIGUEROA, A. (University of Cauca - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In recent years, various environmental assessment methods have been developed. The aim of this paper is to compare these methods to identify their advantages and disadvantages when used to analyze energy efficiency in agricultural production systems. A systematic review of information helped to identify six environmental assessment methods: ecological footprint, material flow analysis, ecological network analysis, life cycle analysis, exergy and emergy. A multi-criteria comparison was carried out, taking into account the level of formalization, system modeling, spatial scale, inventoried flows, type of indicators, relationship with the concept of efficiency and usability of each of the methods. This work allowed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each environmental assessment method. Proving that the Emergy approach, could provide a relevant framework for the analysis of the multiple energy flows that interact in an agricultural production system, and achieving an integral understanding of energy efficiency in the whole system.
Keywords: Environmental Assessment (EA), Energy Efficiency (E.E.), Agricultural production systems, criteria. |
||
Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Two Forms of Ice Cream Palletising LEOPASSI, A. P. F.; MORIS, V. A. S.; SILVA, D. A. L.; NUNES, A. O. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: Currently, among the resulting environmental impacts of everyday contemporary life, those caused by packaging are one of the most serious and worrying, since these materials are necessary for almost all consumer goods purchased daily. In addition, the growth of consumerism leads to an increase in the quantity of waste generated that negatively impacts the environment. Given the high volume of packaging consumed each day, the present work aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts between two different ways of palletizing ice cream pots in a company at São Paulo countryside through the use of Life Cycle Assessment methodology and SimaPro software. It was possible to identify the reduction of the environmental impacts of the current scenario to the scenario with the new palletizing way, mainly due to transportation, which decreased and consequently reduced CO2 emissions considerably, followed by reduction in consumption of cardboard and, lastly, of plastics. Keywords: environmental impacts, packaging, palletizing, cardboard, LCA [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Concepts, Principles and Tools for an Urban-Industrial Environment More Sustainable T. S. Dalbelo, R. A. Freire, E. W. Rutkowski, E. Z. Monteiro (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to understand how the concepts of Industrial Ecology, the principles of the certification of buildings and the tools of sustainability indicators can relate to achieve a more sustainable industrial architecture that integrates and benefits the urban environment. Such a search is made from a survey of the applications of environmental certification systems in industrial buildings and also the main concepts related to indicators of environmental performance in buildings and Industrial Ecology. We propose a comparative analysis of key concepts and there is a correlation between certification and Industrial Ecology. Keywords: Industrial Ecology, building certification, sustainability indicators and industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Conceptual Framework and Principles for Selection and Definition of Sustainability Indicators: An Study Applied at Ecoinnovation in Smartparks Project (Spain and Brazil) HANAI, F. Y. (UFSCar); FELICIO, M. C. (USP); SILVA, S. P.; GABARRELL, X. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain); OMETTO, A. R.(USP); RIERADEVALL i PONS, J. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain); ESPOSTO, K.; AMARAL, D. C. (USP)
|
Abstract: This study is inserted in jointly developed project (Eco-innovation in Smartparks) with researchers from Spanish and Brazilian universities (Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Carlos e Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), aiming to define and to propose specific tools and indicators to contribute for addressing sustainability from the perspective of Ecoinnovation in Smartparks.The concept of Eco-innovation in Smart parks is a proposal that seeks to develop and to apply (in an innovative, integrated and significant way, with an improvement of production processes) new sustainable approaches of conceiving planning and territorial management, integrating symbiosis on industrial, urban and agricultural fields. The concept of Eco-innovation in Smart parks includes new ideas, actions and operations in order to reach: the optimization of the efficiency of processes; the reducing of consumption and use of natural resources; the reuse of supplies and materials; and the reduction and/or proper disposal of wastes. Smart parks require indicators that are appropriate for addressing sustainability from the perspective of Ecoinnovation and, today it was observed the insufficiency or even the absence of indicators in comprehensive scales that consider the planning and management of Smartparks, and incorporate the various relations of symbiosis and practical approaches and applied sustainability. Thus, the research has studied approaches and principles for Smart parks conception, as well models, criteria and frameworks of sustainable indicators, in order to define and to stablish a Indicators framework for Smartparks application. The framework is composed by three categories representing stages of a Smart Park development (Planning, Monitoring and Management): “Infrastructure and services”; “Activities and Operation”; and “Interactions and symbiosis between institutions and Smartpark”. Twenty one aspects of these categories detail and help to guide the development of a set of indicators for Eco-innovation in Smartparks. It is expected that these results support the improvement and implementation of specific indicator systems for parks with industrial, agricultural and urban symbiosis, providing scientific basis for future researches on Eco-innovation and SmartParks. Keywords: Indicators, Smartparks, Ecoindustrial Parks, Eco-innovation, Symbiosis
|
||
Confection and Evaluation of Properties of Polyurethane Plaques with Waste Recovery from Surfboard Fabrication BARCELOS, R. L. (UNIVALI); CUBAS, A. V.; AGUIAR, A. R. (UNISUL); SILVA, L. (UNESC); LERIPIO, A. A. (UNIVALI); MAGNAGO, R. F.(UNISUL)
|
Abstract: This study allowed information to be obtained regarding the most important aspects which affect the production process of polyurethane (PU) surfboards in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. It was observed that the main residue from the production process is PU solid waste. The intended reuses of this solid residue it as raw material for the manufacture of new polyurethane sheets for making surfboards. Polyurethane sheets were prepared by incorporating different percentages of the PU waste collected, with two particle sizes (9 mesh and crude), into the matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties the tensile strength of the sheets are influenced by the particle size and the percentage of PU incorporated. The degradation of the material begins at 200 oC and thus this material is stable in environmental temperature for use surfboards. Finally, in addition to the experimental results, it is noted that the production process of surfboards in Santa Catarina has sought ways to reuse their waste, aiming at cleaner production. Keywords: Productive process, Polyurethane, Waste, Recycling [Abstract] Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Consumers of Organic Products : Understanding their Behavior FREITAS, T. M.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The market for organic products is growing, it is necessary to deepen the studies on the behavior of the consumers, their real motivations of purchase as well as, the difficulties and limitations in the structures of production, supply and commercialization. The objective of this article was to perform an analysis of the literature on organic products and related topics, to elaborate a previous version of the research questionnaire that will applied, in a future survey, with current and potential consumers of organic products, their consumption motivations. This is a stage of the Work of Completion of Course of the main author of the article, which also intends to use social networks to promote organic products. Finally, we believe that this article contributed to new proposals with the organic food sector and, furthermore, we can do a broader reflection on the need for new consumption patterns. Keywords: Organic products; Consumer behavior; Social networks [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Continuous Improvement of Processes on the Electronic Sector: obtaining Environmental Indicators using Software E. F. de Queiroz (CPMBraxis IT Services-SP); M. L. P. da Silva (USP & FATEC)
|
Abstract: The need to ensure the sustainability of human endeavors makes the business management tends to change and, therefore, the concept of Industrial Ecology and the use of control software can be of great value. The objective of this work was the development of a methodology for use of software in implementing the concept of Industrial Ecology in electronics industry companies. The software is used to define appropriate sustainability indicators to the system and indicate potential process improvements for the formation of Industrial Ecosystems. The electronics sector was evaluated and presented various cost reduction opportunities, environmental and social improvement in the supply chain due to the reuse of by-products generated internally or by other companies, suggesting an effort to increase the formation of industrial ecosystems in this sector. As the formation of industrial ecosystems is very dependent on the exchange, the fact of the case studies is relevant show the importance of the distances and thus among the likely significant impacts, carbon emissions must be strongly considered. For the area of raw materials for microelectronics, the possibility of using silicon and sugarcane bagasse chips is hampered by the distances between the products and their carbon emissions resulting from the transport. Other inputs are typically acquired and disposed of in even more open cycles. In microelectronics, water reuse cycles with galvanic exist, but not other products, such as acidic or alkaline aqueous solutions, which could be recycled in steel. In printed circuit, area and surface mount several co-products are already recycled, however, an exchange between producers, not involving recycling, would provide greater economic gain. The recycling of complete equipment runs into several difficulties, including the legal aspects. For the micro and small business, the development of a database enables the deployment of Industrial Ecology without high costs. Keywords: Industrial ecology, electronic sector, software ERP, industrial ecosystem [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Contribution of Packaging to Cleaner Production Goals G. Radonjič (University of Maribor - Slovenia)
|
Abstract: Packaging industry is faced with challenges of using different strategies to prevent emissions at the source and to initiate continuous preventive improvements of its production processes. However, numerous other industries and services use packaging products which gives packaging products a specific feature. Thus, firms should be aware of modern trends of packaging products. Dematerialization of packaging is a continuous trend which has important role in source reduction but at the same time has detrimental effects on recyclability. However, the latter is still often believed to be one of the most important environmental criteria for packaging in different cleaner production programmes. Considering such dilemmas, two major questions arise with regards to packaging role within the concept of environmental protection and cleaner production. First, how to quantitatively evaluate its environmental impacts and, secondly, to what extent packaging contributes to the reduction of overall (life-cycle) pollution prevention. Namely, protective role of packaging is too often neglected in discussions on packaging and environmental pollution problems. In a paper different aspects of packaging in line with the environment are discussed which confirm that packaging must be viewed in a wider context as usual because not only technological but also demographic and social changes significantly influence its environmental image. This effects not only the production optimization but also the environmental profile of the whole product supply chain. Keywords: Packaging, environmental impacts, dematerialization, supply chains |
||
Contribution to the Electric Matrix of Brazil in 2050 - Decentralized, Cleaner, Efficient and Renewable WITTMANN, D. (USP)
|
Abstract: There is an aggravated prospect in the Brazilian electricity production, due to a shortage of affluent energy in the hydric production, requiring a greater thermal use. For the future, the insertion of hydroelectric power plants predominantly without reservoirs will make this need even more evident. Due to the thermal structuring, there will be more emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumption of fossil resources per unit of electricity produced. A model that does not align with the search for sustainable development.The objective of this paper is to present an alternative future scenario, elected 2050, of electricity supply in the country, beaconed on the acceleration in the use of renewable sources, premise postulated in alignment with the pursuit of sustainable development for the country. The "research, analysis and synthesis" is adopted, with a systemic approach, and applying the indicators elected the paramount to reach the goal. Part of author's doctorate thesis is synthesized, this systematized from data and information from different types of documents produced by international and national authors and organizations as well as governmental plans of expansion of electric energy production. From the theoretical and methodological framework adopted, the results obtained have shown that it is possible to establish a long term plan, based on the use of the available resources, with decreased social and environmental pressure, fossil consumption, and emission of GHGs per unity of energy produced. A greater participation of renewable sources is achieved, while the participation of hydric sources, the emissions of GHGs and consumption of oil-fuels are reduced. There is no increase in the production costs. The result is a decentralized, hybrid system with larger expansion of renewable thermal, wind and solar sources, larger participation of independent production – co-generation, auto-generation and distributed generation – and a diminished load on the transmission network, compared to the current scenario. Keywords: Renewable energy, sustainable development, energy planning, energy efficiency, emissions of greenhouse gases [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Contributions of Environmental Accounting in Emergy for Understanding of Soybean Production System on the Perspective of Sustainable Agriculture L. P. Vendrametto; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Brazil is considered the world’s granary because of its territorial extension and the possibility of transforming into agricultural land. In this context, the most outstanding commodity produced by the country is the soybean crop. About 21 million hectares of soybean are planted and approximately 61 tons are produced (harvest 2008-2009). The introduction of this Asiatic species in Brazil was recent, about 120 years ago, and so was its genetic and transgenic improvement. Due to these processes and advanced technology, improved knowhow of nutritional demands and greater access to information by the farmers, Brazil has stood out in the international scenario as a region with excellent production and productivity indices. Currently, other important issues have appeared that need to be managed such as the principles and methods that guide this type of production, the economic, social and environmental sustainability as well as the costs and environmental impact involved in obtaining these indices. The objective of this article is to discuss some examples of soybean production using the environmental accounting methodology and applying the Emergetic Ternary Diagram. Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, sustainable soybean, emergy eccounting, emergy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Contributions of Knowledge Management Tools Applied To Sustainability Based on a Systematic Review of Literature MUÑOZ, D. L. C.; COELHO, C. C. S. R.; STEIL, A. V. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: This research aims to raise the contributions of knowledge management tools for advancing sustainability, from technology studies. We used the systematic review method to collect and analyze technology studies available in the databases ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus, in a ll the years available until May 2010. The results present descriptive analyzes of technological studies regarding the application area, the main aspects of the problem situation and the proposed solutions. Also highlighed they are the main features found in the proposed solutions, such as scope, approach, ability to integrate knowledge, among others. The article discusses the contributions and limitations of the systematic review, the connection between knowledge management and knowledge engineering, and managerial implications. Keywords: Knowledge management, sustainable development, sustainability, knowledge management tools. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cooperative Recycling as a Tool for Social Inclusion and Reduction of Urban Solid Waste HASEGAWA, H. L.; VENANZI, D.; FRANÇA, J. F.. (UNISO); SILVA, O. R. (FMU)
|
Abstract: The recycling cooperatives have been considered as a good alternative for removal of solid waste from the cities and also as a way to create a source of income for these workers. The present study demonstrated the difficulties and the contributions that this cooperative promotes to removing the solid wastefrom the city through a case study based on a survey carried outin the Cooperativa Central de Reciclagem da Zona Norte (CRZN) located in Sorocaba-SP. As the survey results showed that the cooperative must operate consistently and be managed properly can result as increasing the efficiency of collecting, segregation and selling the recyclable material can be resulting in higher income for workers. During the 2011 for 2014 period the average income grow to R$ 785,29 to R$ 1.409,49 and in the same period, the amount of waste removed from the city, grew three times at least. This result was possible by applying an organized management and due to use of a quality tool known as the Ishikawa diagram. The adoption of the tool also, contributed to increase the productivity and workers began to participate more actively in the strategic decisions and therefore improved self-esteem and provide good relationship with other workers. Keywords: Recycling, Cooperative, Management [Abstract] [Organizatinal Report in Portuguese]
|
||
Corporate Social Responsibility Integrated Cleaner Production, Industry Case Study of Recife-PE PAZ, Y. M.; CAVALCANTI, N. S.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (Gampe-UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Organizations are increasingly aligned with consumer demands. These companies are driving the guiding their processes under the basis of sustainability, advances rampant economy has a strong impact on society and because of this, the population has positioned itself against organizations and local governance in order to have responses that contribute positively to social, environmental and economic. A corporate Social Responsibility refers to a business posture in order to attain sustainability throughout its supply chain, from suppliers, customers, employees how they relate to the environment. This can be aligned to the principles of Cleaner Production (CP) if the organization has integrated some action in the company. For the P + L seeks a complex analysis of the production process in order to increase efficiency. The aim of this paper is to describe actions for Environmental Responsibility and check which of these alignment with the principles of Cleaner Production in the productive sector organizations, using as a case study of a chemical branch Cleaning and Hygiene located in the city of Recife-PE, regarded here as Industry X. Keywords: Environmental Responsibility, Cleaner Production, Industry, Sustainability. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Correlation of management indicators in the sectors of household solid waste collection of the Recife/PE, Brazil SILVA, R. C. P.; BEZERRA, R, P. L. (UFPE - Brazil); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE - Brazil); JUCÁ, J. F. T. (UFPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Searching for solutions in solid waste management is a continuous challenge for municipal managers. Faced with the growing scenario of generation of these materials, especially in urban areas, the need to elaborate an integrated, participatory, viable and appropriate management model to the reality of the municipality becomes essential. In this sense, the in-depth study of indicators related to the managerial dynamics of solid wastes is the basis for proposing management models that meet the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the region. In this way, the present article studies the correlation of four indicators (population, income, generation and gravimetric composition) in 31 sectors of solid waste collection in the city of Recife, through Principal Component Analysis, in order to identify the indicators defining the realities of the sectors. The results elucidate a strong positive correlation between income and per capita generation of household solid waste (HSW), which is evident in the upper-class areas of the city and in the essentially commercial areas. The identification of indicators of greater influence in the collection sectors will assist the municipal manager in the elaboration of RSD sectorial management models that seek to understand the particular socioeconomic characteristics listed. Keywords: Solid Waste Management. Collection Sectors. Management indicators. Principal Component Analysis. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Covenants and Partnerships with Municipalities Ran by SABESP North Business Unit for Water Resource Management E. G. V. Souza (SABESP)
|
Abstract: The Rational Use of Water Programme – translated in portuguese: “PURA” – is a programme developed by SABESP and its objective is reduce water consume population through the world water deficit perception and economize water equipments association. The programme is developed in a public institutions and the financial support is originating from water use charges. This written work objective is illustrate this programme applied in public institutions in the São Paulo north districts, managed by Sabesp - North Business Unit. Keywords: Rational use of water, world water deficit, public institutions [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
CP as a Competitive Advantage of the Product: The Consumer’s Point of View MORAES, W. L. (UNIBRATEC/IMI); BAUDEL, R. M.; PONTES, V. R. (UNIBRATEC); LIMA, S. C. (IMI)
|
Abstract: Producing quality and competitive price does not guarantee the success of the product. The new consumer has specific needs and starts charging industries social and environmental responsibilities. The industries engaged in society in which they operate, begin to worry about processes Cleaner (CP).The CP deployment opportunity of CP deployment, besides cost reduction, can become a competitive advantage of the product. Being a cleaner industry and portray it in the packaging appears as an opportunity to beat the competition and get into the consumers houses. More demanding consumers are aware of the industries pollution and are willing to consume cleaner products. Thus, the CP becomes not only improvements in the production process and becomes a communication tool with the society and the consumer. Keywords: CP, Differential, Product, Consumer [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
CP Promoting System in China Yin Jie, Duan Ning, Yu Xiuling, Bai Yanying (National Cleaner Production Center - China)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production has been introduced into China since 1993. After the development in nearly two decades, a comparatively completed cleaner production promoting system has been established in China. This paper makes a detailed illustration on the regulatory system, administrative system, technical supporting system and educational system for promoting cleaner production in China. Furthermore, the paper proposes some recommendations for the further development of cleaner production in China. Keywords: Cleaner production, China, promoting system, recommendations [Abstract] [Organizational Report] |
||
CP: Sustainable Development and Environmental Higher Education P. A. O. George (Independent Researcher)
|
Abstract: This work presents briefly the results obtained in the reduction and reuse of waste generated in various processes by applying CP principles. The aim of this work is not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of such principles in the management of industrial processes, but also to show the science required to perform such work, with the aim of highlighting the need to include CP principles in Environmental Higher Education, as the work of university graduates have a major impact on achieving or not sustainable development. Keywords: CP, Environmental Higher Education, sustainable development |
||
Cradle to Cradle: An Analysis of Certified Cleaning Products and Clothes Washing ALIGLERI, L. (UEL/USP); ALIGLERI, L. A. (UEL/FACCAR); KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: High economic growth and the growing demand for materials are jeopardizing the balance between the planet and human life. Thus, several innovative management models have been developed to rethink the usual production process and the lifecycle of products. Therefore, this article seeks to know companies, general cleaning products and the process of clothes washing that have the Cradle to Cradle certified program. The research involved desk research with secondary data and analyzed the official website of The Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute, as well as the email addresses of the producing industries. Information was collected on the production process, certification level, products characteristics and the strategic profile of companies. This is an exploratory, descriptive study using a convenience sample including 29 products. The analysis showed that the products are produced by a small number of industries seeking to stand out by environmental positioning from technological innovation. It was possible to notice concerns with the use of green chemistry, the reduction of the anthropogenic load on the aquatic environment and the paradigmatic break with the conventional cleaning products and clothes washing. Keywords: Life cycle, circular economy, sustainable production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Criteria for Performance Evaluation in Municipal Solid Waste Management FERNANDES, M. L.; RODRIGUES, A. P. (UTFPR); SOARES, A. C. (UNISEP); GOUVÊA DA COSTA, S. (UTFPR/PUC-PR); BORTOLUZZI, S. C. (UTFPR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (UTFPR/PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: The sustainability issue and sustainable development are terms of relevance in recent years, particularly associated with debates of corporate social and environmental responsibility. In this sense, the instruments of evaluation of environmental performance have the function of reflecting the management strategies integrating with the sustainability actions. Based on this context, the present work has the objective of evaluating the performance of sustainable operations in the management of solid waste in a city in the southwest of Paraná. For this, the particularities of the context are taken into account, identifying the indicators that meet the dimensions of social, economic and environmental concern. For the development of the model an adaptation of the Multicriteria Methodology for Decision Aid – Constructivist - MCDA-C was made, allowing the comparison of the proposed objectives with the indicators obtained from the literature and specialists in the area. From the conception of the model, it was diagnosed that the sustainability that involves the solid waste management operations of the city obtained a score of 30 points, presenting a market-level performance, with a great potential of upgrading to be implemented through improvement actions. Keywords: Performance evaluation, Waste management, Multicriteria decision support, Sustainable operations [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Critical Analysis of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles in Brazil WITTMANN, D.; BERMANN, C. (USP); WITTMANN, T. F. (Professional of the Private Sector)
|
Abstract: The transport sector is a drag on worldwide search for sustainability. More than 850 million vehicles annually burn trillions of liters of fuel, across the planet, emitting almost three billion tons of carbon dioxide. One alternative that has established itself around the world is about electric vehicles. 4.5 million of them, 95% hybrids, are already in circulation. Brazil, with its fleet of 35 million vehicles, was licensed by 2012, less than 100 electric vehicles (not 100000, are 100). Why? This study aims to provide a critical analysis for large-scale integration of electric vehicles in Brazil. Specifically are presented and discussed aspects related to charging, autonomous, acquisitive investment, operating cost, impacts on the Brazilian electrical system, on the chain of ethanol and gasoline, reflexes in the country's energy matrix, and other related factors. Data are presented by classical methodology of research, analysis and synthesis, occurring under their treatments multidisciplinary perspective. It developed a quantitative and qualitative scientific vision of the present facts and future projections, presenting them with answers about the ideality. The study concludes (1-6): 1) Electric vehicles represent a clean option from urban centers, consuming less fuel and advantageous for countries with renewable resources for processing in electricity, the case of Brazil, 2) The government has refrained meaning barrier integration, due to the concentration of efforts on ethanol and flex-fuel engines, 3) The main determinant of growth will be represented by public policies that may be adopted; 4) In the current parameters, the integration should occur slowly without introducing large array of problems in the country's electricity generation, 5) In the long term, large-scale integration could provide reduction of final consumption for the energy matrix; 6) The big risk would not integrate: the country would lag behind of the forefront of technology and by consequence lose the participation opportunity of the Brazilian economy in an international market that already grows and tends to loom. Keywords: Energy, electric vehicles, energy planning, renewable resources, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Crude Coconut Oil for Biodiesel Synthesis G. S. Araújo; R. H. R. Carvalho; E. M. B. D. Sousa (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Biodisel production has become an attractive process, aimed at stimulating the production of alternative fuels. This study presents the results of biodiesel produced from coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.), using acid catalysis (with H2SO4), followed by basic catalysis (with NaOH). A 1L jacketed pyrex glass reactor with 3 outlets was used. A mechanical agitator, thermocouple and bath for thermostat regulated refrigeration were introduced. The analysis of oil composition was carried out by gas chromatography and esters compounds were identified.The effect of oil/alcohol molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature on conversion was assessed using experimental 23 planning with a central point, in triplicate, for the route analyzed.. The molar ratio variable had the greatest effect according to statistical planning analysis. The maximum conversion reached was 85.3% for a molar ratio of 1:6, temperature of 60ºC and reaction time of 90 minutes. The Coconut oil was characterized by their physical and chemical properties and key constituents in the oil. The lauric acid was its main component and even showed high acidity. The biodiesel produced was characterized by its main physicochemical properties that had very satisfactory results when compared with the standard values from the National Petroleum Agency. Keywords: Biodiesel, catalysis, Cocos nucifera, crude oil, coconut [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cryogenics Containers for Cargo Transport J. L. A. Lima; M. S. Nogueira Neto; J. B. Sacomano; J. P. A. Fusco (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to present cryogenics as an element in transportation systems, utilizing carbon dioxide as refrigerant. This technology is not current, although its effective application in transportation gain force after the Protocol of Kyoto, besides that studies found out new ways to sequest CO2 at lower prices. Another feature to be considered is the difficulty and high costs of the technology, used nowadays, to transport frozen and cooled cargo, generically names reefer. This led the logistic community to search for alternatives that minimized costs and maximized profits. The market for frozen and cooled cargo has been increasing dramatically in emerging countries, such Brazil and China, and those countries don’t own effective methods to evacuate and store the production of perishable goods, creating logistics bottlenecks. Comparatively the proposed technology is more ecologically correct, because uses recycle CO2, which would be emitted to the atmosphere, in addition to that it doesn’t use electrical power in its application. Studies corroborated that this technology is economically feasible, for the fact of being cheaper and is a bactericide agent, joining to the legislation related to food security. Keywords: Transportation, cryogenics, carbonic dioxide [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Cultural Differences in Environmental Behavior and its Antecedents: Comparative Analysis between University Students IZAGUIRRE OLAIZOLA, J.; VICENTE MOLINA, M. A.; TAMAYO ORBEGOZO, U. (Universidad del País Vasco-Spain); CORDEIRO FILHO, J. B.; DA SILVA GOMES, S. M. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to make a comparison of the ecological behavior of University students from two regions in different contexts: Bahia (Brazil) and the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Spain). In this regard, 347 surveys from the Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) and 456 surveys of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) are analyzed. College students are a study collective especially interesting for their role as future decision-makers. It is intended to emphasize the educational aspect, analyzing the role that environmental knowledge exerts in the development of pro-environmental Keywords: Education, sustainability, pro-environmental behaviour, international comparison [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Cycle Assessment of Jeans Pants Production MORITA, A. M. (UEM); MOORE, C. S.; KULAY, L. A. (USP); RAVAGNANI, M. A. S. S. (UEM)
|
Abstract: Brazil is the second major manufacturer and the third greater consumer of fabric for jeans pants production in the world. Considering this situation, in the present work it was studied the environmental impacts of the jeans pants production chain in Brazil. It was considered an analysis since the fiber extraction to the finishing stage of the jeans pants or a cradle to gate analysis. Life Cycle Assessment was used in the evaluation of the environmental performance of the jeans pants production considering practices, proceedings and operating conducts regularly in use in Brazil. The environmental impacts relative to the gas and liquid emissions and solid waste in the environment were considered. ReCiPe Midpoint method was used to the categories climate change, territorial acidification, fresh water eutrophication, territorial eco-toxicity, photochemical ozone formation and water depletion. After this, the impacts related to the resources consumption were computed, using the method Cumulative Energy Demand, to the categories non-renewable fossil, non-renewable nuclear, non-renewable biomass, renewable biomass, renewable wind, renewable solar and renewable water. Results showed that the stages of the cotton cultivation, thread transportation and jeans pants finishing have very important contribution in the environmental impacts categories evaluated. In terms of primary energy the consumption of crude oil and natural gas are the most important contributions. It is suggested for the reduction of these impacts substituting natural cotton by synthetic fibers, changing technology for finished jeans pants washing, using steam generators that burn biomass and, finally, developing studies to identify lower distances between the fiber production and the pants manufacturing to reduce the environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Keywords: LCA, environmental impacts, jeans pants [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
D - E |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Data Envelopment Analysis in the Sustainability Context - a Study of Brazilian Electricity Sector by Using Global Reporting Initiative Indicators SARTORI, S.; ALVARENGA, T. H. P.; GIBIM, C.; CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: A set of stakeholders (customers, employees, suppliers, public authorities, investors and others) pursuing different economic, environmental, and social interests determines the performance of an organization. In an effort to understand the corporate sustainability performance, this research focuses an analysis of sustainability indicators published in the reports of Global Reporting Initiative, disclosed by 24 Brazilian electricity sector in 2012. Indicators were identified and analyzed following: (i) a communication of economic, environmental, and social performance; and (ii) efficiency determined through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The results indicate that disclosures are often incomplete, and lack a pattern for similar indicators. Based on DEA, there is no direct relationship between economic value generated and distributed and efficiency, given that there are efficient large-scale hydroelectric plants and medium. In general, partial results are consistent with the conceptual assumptions that informal systems of enterprises promote sustainability, but their formal systems apparently have a very traditional focus on financial performance. Keywords: Global Reporting Initiative, Data Envelopment Analysis, Triple Bottom Line, Brazilian electricity
|
||
Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment A. J. G. Santos (Anhembi Morumbi University), M. B. Nisti (IPEN)
|
Abstract: This paper describes a study for cleaner production liquid effluent assessment. The radioisotope Tritium (3H), generated in the routine operation plant was stored in a 300m3 capacity tank. The tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid controlled dispenser. The Tritium, potential pollutant was used as radiotracer for estimate the dilution factor liquid effluent. A planned release for stored effluent tank was carried-out. Simultaneously it was made sampling upstream of the storage tank discharge point, monitoring the tritium concentration in the mix sewerage system point. The initial concentration of the 3H was determined as 56881±3255 Bq L-1. The estimated dilution factor for the aqueous effluent, in the discharge point E1 was of 4.3 and 7.4 respectively relative to two consecutive days of planned release and diluted effluents sampling. The developed methodology was rapid and without additional environmental or monetary costs, being able to use in industry, mining, milling, agriculture and others human production field. As the used radiotracer Tritium is already existent routinely in the effluent, doesn't increment radioisotope concentrations into sewage and environment, the goal of cleaner production practices and procedures. Keywords: Liquid effluent, environmental assessment, radiotracer, tracer, cleaner production |
||
Decision Criteria for the Implementation of Cleaner Production GUIMARAES, J. C. F.; SEVERO. E. A. (UCS); ROCHA, J. M. (UNIPAMPA); OLEA, P. M. (UCS)
|
Abstract: In the last three decades, but specifically after the conference ECO-92 (Rio-92) emerged a lively discussion around the business world, on alternatives to improve organizational performance with a focus on sustainability, with an explicit objective to minimize the environmental impacts caused by production systems. The use of environmental practices has become a key strategy to achieve these great goals. Among the alternatives are the methodologies of Cleaner Production (CP), which integrates a technology strategy, economic and environmental processes/products in order to increase efficiency in the use of inputs and raw materials, by reducing waste, not generation, minimization or recycling of waste generated, providing economic and environmental benefits for society and organizations. This study aims to analyze the critical success factors of CP, found in five medium and large southern Brazil, as well as identifies organizational performance as a result of CP. The methodology used in this research is qualitative, scoped multiple case study conducted through semi-structured interviews and content analysis. The key contribution of this study is to develop a qualitative analysis of companies of varying sizes, using a model of critical factors, presenting an option to the academic and business analytics implementation of CP. Among the results of this research identified that companies that have deployed CP have different characteristics, with different levels of maturity, however there is an improvement in the performance of the five companies due to CP. Keywords: Cleaner production, environmental sustainability, decision criteria, organizational performance.
|
||
Decrease Environmental Impact in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process Givaildo Alencar Costa (Tecnel Eletrônica)
|
Abstract: Due to the huge technological development and globalization phenomenon, Brazilian society has been pushed towards searching for new alternatives, in order to maintain competitiveness on a global market. One possible alternative is the use of standardization, especially ISO 9000, ISO 14000 and IEC standards. However, in the Brazilian market, a large number of manufacturers are far from the international scenario reality and that causes several losses on local and global market share. Nonetheless, this situation can be reverted by the adoption of Quality as a tool, and by providing small changes in the entrepreneurship attitudes. Therefore, that is the most important characteristic of standardization. This report shows preliminary results regarding the benefits acquired with the standardization for process, project, product, service, etc., if the target is not only economical benefits but also environmental protection. The methodology used was the case study. The process evaluated was Printed circuit board, single-face. The improvements achieved with this case study showed: a) significant environmental impact reduction, with less water and energy consumption; b) process efficiency increase; c) less raw material losses; d) less waste formation. Thus, a standardized process is useful for several stakeholders; it is a way to increase security for stockbrokers, clients and society in general. It is clearly a way to increase revenues because it is a way to diminish costs, to improve technological skills and to decrease environmental impact. Keywords: Circuit, PCB, environmental, standards and process [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Denim Weaving Technologies: Environmental and Economic Evaluation SANCHES, A. G. O.; LUCATO, W. C.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. (UNINOVE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The textile sector is relevant in the Brazilian economy due to both job creation and industrial production value. Currently this sector faces the necessity to implement Cleaner Production tools for achieving the sustainable development goals as a consequence of pressures exerted by government and market. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the economic and environmental gains resulting from the utilization of the Design for the Environment considering two main technologies used to manufacture denim fabrics. To achieve this objective, a case study was developed in one of the major Brazilian denim producers where the two waving technologies are used in parallel. As a result of the case study, it was possible to conclude that air jet looms are more efficient than the older rapier looms, not only in terms of economic gains but also in terms of lower impact to the environment. Keywords: Cleaner production; Design for the Environment; textile industry. |
||
Design for Environment: Framework with Theoretical and Empirical Practices ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J.; MENDES, J. V. (UFSCar - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Design for Environment (DfE) is a product development technique that contemplates principles of environmental management covering the entire product cycle and can be an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact and to minimize the resources used by a product in its life cycle. In the face of growing pressure from society and governments in organizations for the development of products and services that reduce environmental impacts, the dissemination of DfE practices can facilitate the adoption of environmental practices, thus contributing to product life-cycle management. Theoretical studies on DfE did not show the existence of a systematized set of these practices. Thus, to fill this gap, this study aims to gather DfE practices in a framework. For this, the theoretical practices of DfE were mapped in the literature, by systematic review and, through a case study, DfE practices were identified, empirically observed. After the theoretical-empirical identification, they were analyzed, compared and gathered in a framework that presents the practices classified according to the stages of the product development cycle. Keywords: Design for Environment. Theoretical Practices. Empirical practices. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Design of Cleaner Production Frameworks: an Operational Tool for Sustainable Transition KHALILI, N. R. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); ROA-GUTIÉRREZ, F.; CHÁVES-ABARCA, R.; JAUBERT-SOLANO, W.; VALERIO-VINDAS, J. J. (Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Costa Rica)
|
Abstract: Growing out of macroeconomic agenda, streamlined resource efficient cleaner production guidelines emphasizes more than ever on the importance of organizational sustainability.The cohesion between resource efficient cleaner production and social and environmental responsibility policies also suggests that if institutionalized, cleaner production guidelines rooted in the concepts and depositions of sustainability couldresult in development of strategic managerial frameworks with micro and macroeconomic benefits. Appropriately, and in support of such principle, this paper suggests development of an interconnected managerial framework that can translate general principles of sustainability into formulation of the resource efficient cleaner production guidelines. The applicability of theproposed approach was tested in a pilot study in Costa Rica. While emphasizing on the importance of the local policies and perceptions of the internal and external stakeholders, results highlighted the need for institutionalization and customization of the frameworks according to organizational type, size, culture, capability, capacity and location. Although universal, the proposed framework could be specifically instrumental to the developing nations aiming at a sustainable transition. Keywords: Sustainable development goals(SD), Sustainable transition, Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Cleaner production (CP), Costa Rica.
|
||
Design Methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Ethanol Fuel by CML 2000 with SimaPRO I. D. Zapparoli (UEL), S. S. da Silva (UEM)
|
Abstract: The aim of research is to study through life cycle assessment (LCA) economic and environmental aspects related to the production of fuel ethanol from sugarcane, fuel be auditable environmental improvements during its lifecycle and be forward alternative to fossil fuels is of great strategic importance for Brazil. The methodological framework is based on the recommendations of series ISO 14040 and CML method is used in 2000, life cycle assessment, identifying impacts the following categories: climate change; destruction of the ozone layer; acidification; eutrophication; ecotoxicity of freshwaters and human toxicity. This research identify the environmental impacts at each stage of the lifecycle of ethanol fuel, can contribute to the debate on the new forms of action of the State and of the challenges and market prospects for the sugar-alcohol sector, after the deregulation of agroindustry, seeking a better economic and environmental efficiency. Keywords: Methodology, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), fuel ethanol, CML 2000, agroindustry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Detailed Evaluation of Cleaner Production in a Red Ceramic Industry in the State of Paraíba L. R. Porto; E. P. de Almeida (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland); A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB)
|
Abstract: This paper is based in technical, economic and environmental strategies application integrated to process and products on a red ceramic industry with the objective to increase the efficiency in the use of raw materials, water and energy, through reduction, no generation or recycling of wastes and emissions generated, with environmental, economic and occupational health benefits. The Cleaner Production program aims to identify actions of ecoefficiency in the areas, processes and machines of companies, in order to generate economic results, reduce the consumption of resources and prevent environmental impacts generated from inputs of processes. An evaluation methodology was developed by University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland to determine the potentials through the QuickScan Report and the software EcoInspector. Next step was the quantification of inputs, outputs, mass, energy flow, identification of opportunities to improve the performance through research, presentation of the best technical alternatives, economic and environmental feasibility. The stages of the productive process that where detached as eventual potentials of Cleaner Production are: preparation of the raw material, drawing, cuting and burning. 28 option were identified and 01 option was rejected, 21 options of immediate implementation, 06 feasible options, 03 options were implemented by company, being: to cover the clay with canvas, to use cut wire of 0,9 mm and levelling of drying area. One of the options of immediate implementation was to arrange an employee to clean the clay, this option represented reduction in electricity consumption, and an increase in the production. After the approval of the options by the company, it was set an action plan in order to certify the implementation of them. Keywords: Red ceramic, cleaner production, energetic efficiency, ecoeficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Determination of Moisture in Tobacco Leaves through The Microwave Technique GOUVEA, C. A. K.; FOLLETTO, M. A.; HURTADO, A. L. (SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: The determination of moisture in various industrial processes is very important to monitoring the quality of raw materials and products. As a result, a technique fast, cheap and reliable for determining moisture is an object of interest to all companies. In the tobacco industry, traditionally, determines humidity by the mass loss, a destructive technique, slow and random sampling. This study aims to validate the technique for determination of moisture in processed tobacco leaves through the use of microwaves. The microwave moisture determination technique is fast, easy, low-cost analysis, earnings stability and able to analyze 100% of the population, so this study is justified by the importance in seeking improvements in the process. Through the variance analysis as statistical tools for analysis of results these two techniques, weight loss and microwave, was compared and verified that there is a low dispersion of the measured values and similarity in the measures. So, in addition to again in time and preservation of samples, there is no waste generation with the microwave technique, when compared to the technique of mass loss, demonstrating environmental gains beyond the technical gains, also showing up as reliable as conventional methodology for moisture content determination. Keywords: Microwave, tobacco moisture, techniques for moisture determination [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Determination of Relevant Environmental Impacts and Benefits Caused by Balbina Hydropower at Amazon D. Wittmann; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: While Brazil exploits less than 30% of its hydrological potential to generate electricity, the hydroelectric generation system operates near the limit of capacity. In parallel, more than 10 projects, totaling approximately 2,500 MW (megawats), are hampered, some of them about from 20 years, without generating electricity, due to environmental issues. There is uncertainty in terms of new investments, and controversy about the losses and environmental benefits, this the central point. This study engages in determining relevant environmental impacts and benefits beyond the generation itself, using the methodology of accounting emergy (Odum, 1996), which based on the ecology, thermodynamics and systems analysis, is able to assemble in a common unit (joules of solar energy), values both physical, as social and economic. For both is studied the hydropower Balbina, in the Amazon, selected, first by being considered the worst Brazilian example in terms of environmental performance, second because the northern region of Brazil is that most shows potential to be exploited. This paper presents that Balbina shows favorable environmental sustainability. There are apparent signs, but left doubts about the beneficial role socio-economic. The most representative environmental damage is represented by the emission of gases causing the greenhouse effect, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane), mainly due to the extensive and shallow flooded area, and their inappropriate preparation for flooding, in combination with the natural and complex climatic condition of the Amazon. Keywords: Production of hydroelectric power, emergy, environmental sustainability, Balbina hydropower, Amazon [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Determination of the Amount of Emitted Carbon Dioxide Due to the Construction and Operation of Refrigerating Cycle with Ammonia Vapor Compression and Evaporation Temperature between -30ºC and 5ºC P. S. G. Carvalho (UNIP), M. M. Pimenta (USP)
|
Abstract: The refrigerating cycle for ammonia vapor compression has its use very spread out, because it can generate very low temperatures and operate in some temperatures of evaporation. The present work aims at to quantify the emitted carbon dioxide due to the construction and operation of a refrigerating cycle for ammonia vapor compression that operates using the hydroelectricity. As Costa (1982) the temperature of evaporation must be enters 5 ºC the 15 ºC inferior to the cooled environment. It adopts the case more criticize considering environment cooled in the -20 band ºC the 5 ºC implying temperature of evaporation between -35 ºC and -10 ºC. In the development of this article it will be used the computational program Engineering Equation Solver (E.E.S) and methodology developed for the authors. Keywords: Refrigerating systems, conservation of fish, refrigerating cycle for absorption |
||
Determining CO2 emissions and storages in a commercial bamboo plantation L. Ghelmandi Netto; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This work aims to quantify emissions and storages of CO2 in a commercial bamboo plantation using a CO2 eq. mass balance. The species of bamboo examined in this work is Bambusa vulgaris, the main bamboo species cultivated in northeastern Brazil. Labor inputs were not taken into account as they do not emit CO2. In both sceneries considered in this study to perform the CO2 balance, and the CO2 captured in the bamboo plantation exceeded that emitted. Keywords: CO2, commercial bamboo plantation, CO2 emissions and storages [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Developing a Conceptual Framework for Assessing Printing Companies Operations Sustainability Pratices KAI, D. A. (PUC-PR/SENAI-PR); LIMA, E. P.; GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E.(PUC-PR/UTFPR)
|
Abstract: There is a worldwide concern with sustainable development and this has compelled organizations to modify their management systems and operations design in order to fit to this new environment. To have a sustainable business and operations means to be economically viable, to reduce or even not generate waste, to conserve energy and natural resources, to be safe to workers, communities and consumers, to improve quality of life, and to share value. It is noticed that Brazilian printing companies understand these demands and they are promoting changes in their strategy, business models and operations systems. The main goal of this research is to propose a conceptual framework for organizing sustainability practices in printing industry companies’ operations. It is intended to answer the following research question, based on manufacturing operations analysis: Does the printing industry runs its operations in a sustainable way? Observing standards practices for economic, environmental and social sustainable aspects. It was conducted a literature review and also it was recovered secondary data from governmental institutes and agencies as well from printing companies associations. These elements helped in characterizing the context, structures and processes for designing, implementing and managing printing enterprise sustainable operations. The proposed framework intends to contain best practices for developing a sustainable operation and to be used for auditing and normative purposes. This will allow companies to adapt their operations models and systems in order to create a real sustainable enterprise. Keywords: Printing industry, operations management, sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable manufacturing
|
||
Development of a Complement for Animal Feeding from Microalga Chlorella sp Biomass CANTU, L. C.; PRADO, M. R.; BALLAO, M. C. R.(UTFPR); RAMALHO, A. M. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: This work had as objective to cultivate the microalga Chlorella sp., and use their freeze-dried biomass to produce a fish feed supplement, comparing the characteristics of microalgal biomass with a commercial fish feed. After the culture, separation and lyophilizing process for preservation of the samples, characterization tests were carried out, such as proteins, lipids, ashes, moisture, carbohydrates and biological assays. The physical-chemical tests were carried out on the micro-algae Chlorella sp., in the diet for pure fish (Bottom Fish), and in mixtures of fish feed with the microalgae Chlorella sp. in different proportions. An increase of the protein content by 0.83% and the lipid content of 239.47% was observed. There was a decrease of 6.97% in the carbohydrate content, as well as in the ash and moisture content, which were 34.65% and 24.26%, respectively, in the substitution of 50% of microalgae in the feed composition. As fish demand a higher protein demand for their development than the other animals, the greater protein growth is measured when a microalga is incorporated. The Chlorella sp. presents as a promising complement for fish feed presenting a crude protein content of 36.9%. Keywords: food technology, bioenergy, centesimal composition, alternative foods [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Development of a Environmental Methodology for Solid Wastes Management in Higher Education Institutions C. R. Vaz; A. B. Fagundes; P. C. Machado; I. L. Oliveira; J. L. Kovaleski (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: This work aimed to present a critical analysis about the development of a methodology for solid wastes management in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Researches were undertaken on technical rules and on the specialized literature on Environment over the last ten years. In a comparative study between methodologies ISO 14001 and Cleaner Production (CP), it was verified convergent and complementary points to its implantation in a HEI. It was done a case study at UTFPR-PG, where factors like environmental aspects and impacts, initial environmental diagnostic, purposes and targets and the way the campus fits with CP were surveyed and analyzed. It was possible to conclude that the application of ISO 14001 altogether with CP can effectively contribute for an improvement in the competitivity of HEI´s and magnify the vision about the environmental tools application in this sector. Keywords: Higher education institution, cleaner production, ISO 14001 |
||
Development of a Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Industrial Symbiosis Indicators PIERE, B. A.; MANTESE, G. C.; AMARAL, D. C. (USP)
|
Abstract: The concept of Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) consists in a business community that aims to improve the economic, social and environmental performance through the cooperation and sharing of services and waste among companies, which characterize the Industrial Symbiosis (SI) process. It is possible to find, performance indicators for the measurement and monitoring of symbiosis, however, there is not a consolidated indicator, which purpose is to guarantee the quality, reliability and objectivity of environmental and social impact assessments. This article has as main objective to adapt the criteria proposed by Mantese et al. (2016) in the development of a questionnaire to be applied with specialists in the evaluation of indicators of industrial symbiosis, using the methodology of Cloquell-Ballester et al. (2006) for the validation of environmental indicators by specialists. It presents the developed study and the online form and the results of its test with an expert of indicators. The result shows that the questionnaire is able to be applied and presents the future stages of this research. Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Validation of Indicators, 3S Methodology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Development of a Tool to Enhance the Monitoring of Licensed Industrial Activities and Promote Continuous Improvement RODRIGUES, V. I. (UFRGS/Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente-RS); TUBINO, R. M.; MALFATTI, C. F. (UFRGS); BERWANGER, J. A. (UFRGS/Fundação Estadual de Meio Ambiente-RS)
|
Abstract: Environmental licensing in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul is an instrument used to command and control, which requires compliance with legal requirements and environmental standards, but does not encourage continuous improvement. This approach is carried out at all stages of the licensing process, and because it is focused on controlling environmental aspects, and not minimizing or reducing them, it encourages the use of end-of-pipe technologies and not the search for cleaner technologies. Instrument of command and control, it is important in the beginning of the implementation of the environmental management, but it can not remain for long, as it does not generate evolution, paralyzes environmental development, and generates a dependence on state oversight to maintain the system. This work aims to propose a methodology for the use of a licensing and monitoring policy for industrial activities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based not only on an instrument of command and control, but also on an economic instrument. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a matrix to determine the environmental performance of companies. As requirements of this matrix will be placed, the mandatory compliance (laws and conditions and restriction of the environmental permition), the environmental management and the ones that indicate continuous improvement. The input data from this matrix will cover the period from 2013 to 2016. The sum of the requirements in this matrix will result in a percentage from 0 to 100%, where the closer to 100%, the better will be the performance. The objectives and goals of each indicator were initially established, assessing compliance with legislation and improving its best outcome. In this first moment the calculation of the index will be evaluating the best performance of the enterprise itself and with the evolution of the tool the objective is to make comparisons with the results of the same branch and finally the best practices performed in the world. The performance evaluation could be used by the Environmental Agency as an indicator for which projects to supervise, but also, by the Secretary of the Environment, as a tool to begin to change the environmental management policies, working with environmental incentives for those companies with the best performance. Initially, the matrix was applied to companies in the metal mechanic sector, from the activity of surface treatment activity with painting and without casting, of the city of Caxias do Sul. This will be the pilot group, but the matrix will be elaborated so that it can be used By all branches of industry activity. The results obtained with the matrix, demonstrate exactly what the theory describes, in an environment where the control imposed to the entrepreneur is by the attendance of a legislative standard and not the demonstration of continuous improvement, there is no evolution of the environmental performance over the 3-year period of the companies. Therefore, the inclusion of a tool to evaluate environmental performance is a necessary instrument for the country's environmental evolution. Keywords: Environmental permtion, Instrument of command and control, environmental performance, continuous improvement [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Development of Actions of Socio Environmental University Responsibility in Semiarid Northeastern G. D. Silva, Y. M. Paz, C. M. C. Rocha, A, L. Jacob , S. G. El-Deir (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Socio Environmental Responsibility University (RSU) is the way universities relate to the environment and stakeholders. This term can be given to actions taken by other social groups, including Corporate Social Responsibility (RSC). The capacity that the university has to put into practice the knowledge, through processes such as management, teaching, research and extension, giving answers to the academic community and the country itself, featuring the RSC. The Environmental Management Group in Pernambuco (Gampe), Department of Rural Technology (DTR), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) developed actions in the community of Poço da Cruz, Municipality of Ibimirim – PE. The RSC activities were structured by the group through three distinct actions, such as Easter, Christmas and Reading Solidary. The projects were based on the methodology of action research, given this community to be under focus in several research projects and extension UFRPE. This initiative represents a mutual gain for the university and society, as humanize the process of teaching and learning, raises the social commitment of the student, creates greater connection with the various segments of society and contextualizes the academic knowledge. The communities of the semiarid region of Pernambuco are characterized as places of lower Human Development Index in Brazil, to the detriment of the lack of basic infrastructure, as a poverty state of the population, privation and total absence of the presence of public power, as concerning the structure of the minimum conditions for a life with human dignity. This way UFRPE and GAMPE Group has been developing projects and actions that can subsidize the empowerment of this community in endogenous processes of local development. In this sense the present paper aims to portray the actions of RSU and discuss the results derived from these activities. Keywords: University extension, semi-arid, rural communities [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Development of Biosorbents from Canola Biomass to Pb2+ Removal GONÇALVES JR., A. C. (UNIOESTE - Brazil); SCHWANTES, D. (UFPR - Brazil); CAMPAGNOLO, M. A.(PUC-PR - Brazil); BRACCINI, A. L.(UEM - Brazil); CONRADI JR., E.; ZIMMERMAN, J.; MANFRIN, J.; DE OLIVEIRA, V. H. D. (UNIOESTE - Brazil)
|
Abstract:The quality of water is a subject that has been discussed a lot nowadays, mainly regarding the removal of various contaminants of this environmental compartment. Since the importance of this resource it was included into the global objectives of the UN sustainable development - which aiming to asseguarate the sustainable disponibility and management of the water. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potenctial of Pb2+ removal of waters trhough solid waste (pie) of hybrid Hyola 411 canola by adsorption proccess. In this study four adsorbents were developed, being them: C. in natura, which was the precursor of the modified adsorbents (C. H2O2, C. H2SO4 e C. NaOH). These adsorbents were characterized by MEV, FT-IR, pHPZC, TG/DTG, BET and BJH. It was also realized studies relating the possible interaction between the pH of the Pb2+ solution and adsorbent masses, as well as the kinetic (through linear models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion) and adsorption equilibrium studies (through linear models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich), and some thermodynamic parameters (∆G, ∆H and ∆S). The obtained results for pseudosecond order suggest the chemical adsorption of Pb2+ (Ho & McKay 1999). It was observed a good adjustment for the models of Langmuir and Freundlich suggesting adsorption in mono and in multilayers. The highest values of Qm and Kf were obtained for C. NaOH. Good adjustment was also observed for D-R with C. NaOH exhibiting value of E > 8, suggesting chemisorption of Pb2+. According to the results obtained for thermodynamic studies C. H2O2 was the exception among the modifications, showing positive values of ∆H suggesting an endothermic system. The other adsorbents exhibited ∆H < 0, ie., exothermic systems. The values of ∆G < 0 indicate the ocurrence of spontaneous adsorption of Pb2+. The positive values of ∆S ilustrate the increase of disorder and randomness of the solid/solution interface, suggesting the irreversibility of the reaction. In this way, it is concluded that the modified canola with NaOH presents great potential for use in the removal of Pb2+ with increase of 2,6 times in the adsorption capacity, representing an excellent environmental and economic alternative for the removal of this toxic element from the environment. The use of these renewable adsorbents can contribute significantly in water treatment systems, besides being a new and important destination for canola agroindustry wastes, thus helping in the development of a sustainable society. Keywords: modified adsorbents, toxic metals, contamination, sorption. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Development of Catalytic Materials for Degradation Photoelectrochemical of Pesticides G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM), S. Aquino Neto, A. R. de Andrade, A. L. T. Fornazari, D. W. Miwa, A. J. Motheo (USP)
|
Abstract: The application of electrochemical methods is an interesting and clean alternative for the
abatement of toxic organic pollutants. The present communication details the study of the
synthesis of electrode materials of nominal composition Ti/PbXTi1-XO2 (onde X = 0; 0.05;
0.10; 0.20 e 0.30) and their subsequent use as electrodes for degradation of organic
pollutants using both electrochemical and photo-assisted electrochemical techniques.
The results obtained demonstrate that the materials produced are interesting from the point
of view of organic removal. The application of simultaneous UV radiation with electrical
current was capable of removing greater amounts of the organic load (32% in under 1 h)
than the purely electrochemical technique alone.
Keywords: Photo-assisted electrochemical degradation, formaldehyde, pollution control [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Development of Environmentally Friendly Products: Case Study in a Germany Company Producer of Household Appliances J. B. Fonseca, F. C. A. Santos (USP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents results of an investigation into the development of environmentally friendly products: case study in a Germany company producer of dishwashers. Concepts of eco-design and life cycle analysis are shown in the literature review. The case study uses these concepts to investigate the dishwashers produced by the German multinational company called Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte. Historical quantitative analysis of water and electrical energy consumption from the first versions of dishwashers until the most modern ones, as well as the systems which were implemented and improved in order to achieve the targets linked to the reduction of water and electrical energy consumption, are presented. Keywords: Product development process, life cycle analysis, case study [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Development of Industry Sugarcane in Mato Grosso do Sul State: Impacts and Benefits of the Production Energy from Cane Sugar Farming REIS, J. G. M. (UFGD); COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP); MACHADO, S. T.; OLIVEIRA, R. V.; SANTOS, R. C.; JORDAN, R. A.; OLIVEIRA, E. R.; DELIBERADOR, L. R. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: This study analysis the production of the bioenergy from the benefits and environmental and social impacts of the supply chain of sugar and ethanol. Thus, it was analyzed papers and data about scenario of Mato Grosso do Sul State, considered the fifth largest producer of ethanol from Brazil. Data are showed regarding the production and productive process discussed from the viewpoint of production cleaner. The research results showed that the benefits have been measured and presented as a great alternative to fossil fuel, however has not the systems and data that measure the environmental impact of these plants in Mato Grosso do Sul State, mainly regarding the heating region. Keywords: Sugarcane industry. Bioenergy. Clean Production. Environmental Impacts. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Development of Public Policies that Enhance the Reuse of Materials in the Brazilian Industry MURAKAMI, F. K.; SULZBACH, A.; PEREIRA, G. M.; BORCHARDT, M.; SELLITTO, M. A. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: This study analyses the definition of public policies designed to encourage the reuse of waste. A multiple case study with nine Brazilian industries was performed. All these companies reuse materials in their production process, or have the potential to do so. The follow ing elements were investigated: types of public policies, market and technology. The question that guided the research was: How to define public policies that lead to sustainability without compromising the public funds? The findings showed that the penalties imposed by the government can induce the reuse of materials. However, the low market value of the waste, the absence of a technology to reuse the material, the reduced availability or the high geographical dispersion of the waste can reduce the efficiency of those penalties. In such cases, the policy makers must analyze the waste market value and the type of technology available. For some materials the combination of these elements is enough to induce the reuse of materials. Public funds or policies are not required in such case. High sums of public resources may be needed to finance the development of new technology. But such public investment is restricted to a short period of time. Other materials only require public funds to support the workers that collect and segregate the materials. The support to these workers may be more effective than the granting of economic benefits to companies that reuse the waste. Such support may save a huge amount of public resources, as well as generate a more decent income for several poor people in Brazil. Keywords: Environmental sustainability, public policies, industrial waste.
|
||
Development of Wood-Thermoplastic Pellets Made of Starch Adhesive to Injection Molding GONDAK, M. O.; ARAÚJO, M. S. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The techniques of conformation of pellets of thermoplastic-wood composite involve the use of extrusion machines or hot mixers. However, the manufacturers of wood dust can not afford such expensive equipment, so this work shows the possibility of cold conformation of pellets of plastic wood with the help of an adhesive based on starch and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The adhesives were prepared with 10, 15 and 20g of soluble starch for each 100mL suspension. Then, the adhesives were mixtured with 30% of sawdust and micronized LDPE. Laboratories tests were performed evaluating Melt Flow Index and mechanical characterization in the compounds, as well as testing of injection molding, which indicated that the material has great potential to be used, since the resistance increases with the concentration of starch in the adhesive and with the amount of adhesive in the compound. Keywords: wood-plastic, LDPE, composite, starch adhesive, injection molding [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Diagnosis of Civil Construction Waste Generation in the Toledo-PR City - Analysis from 2005 to 2010 MOREJON, C. M. F.; BIANCO, T. S. D; FERRERA, J. L. (UNIOESTE); PLEC, O. (IDR-OESTE)
|
Abstract: The current profile of Brazilian economic development, based on various production processes, intense industrial activity and population growth are some of the factors responsible for the rising generation of municipal solid waste. In the present scenario of growth of the Brazilian economy, the construction industry is one of the activities with the greatest growth potential and at the same time constitutes a sector with significant volume of waste generation, with serious implications for the environment. In this context, the study aimed to present the results of diagnostic generation of construction waste (RCC) in the City of Toledo-PR, for the period 2005 to 2010. The methodology included four stages, which are: development of a database with the evolution of films of the buildings in the city of Toledo-PR, during the years 2005 to 2010; estimate the potential of RCC according to the types construction (renovation, expansion and new), diagnosis of the current collection system in the city of Toledo RCC-PR, and finally the processing and systematization of the results by means of thematic maps and charts. As an example for the year 2010, the results showed a generation of 31 178 (t / yr) for RCC from the new buildings, 1815 (t / yr) for reforms and 3217 t / year for expansions. Thus the total RCC generated in the city of Toledo was 36,210 t / year. The topic maps show the total generation of RCC in each district during the years 2005 to 2010 and the central area is the neighborhood with the highest waste generation, followed by buildings located in neighborhoods Workers' Village, Coopagro Garden, Garden and Porto Alegre. Finally, a comparison was made between the total waste generated (36,210 t / in 2010) and total RCC collected (average 76.6% of total). Thus concludes that it is necessary to optimize the management system of RCC, as the research on the characteristics of the throne RCC shows that over 90% of these residues are likely to use, a situation which is not the case in the city of Toledo-PR. Keywords: Civil Construction Waste (RCC), RCC Estimate Generation, Collection of RCCs, Toledo-PR
|
||
Diagnosis of the Cleaner Production in Amazonas State B. G. Pereira (INPA); I. R. Neto (UCB); K. Yuyama (INPA); H. G. Pereira (Kali-Umwelttechnik GmbH Sondershausen - Germany) ; C. L. P. de Matos (SEBRAE-AM)
|
Abstract: This study, shows a diagnosis of the application of the Cleaner Production (CP) in Amazonas State. From the analysis of reports from the Nucleus of Clean Production (NPL) and open interviews with managers and consultants of the NPL, was verified that the program generates economic, environment advantages, of health and occupational security. The results demonstrate that, in Amazonas, the culture of Clean Production is spread out by SEBRAE/AM for the NPL, since 2003. Up to 2006, 25 companies had implemented the CP program, and these majority is classified as micron and small companies. Twenty four of these companies are located in Manaus and take care of the local market. Almost all of these companies belongs to the commerce segment, the sales representation and also in the segment of the transformation industry. 75% of the companies who had applied the Cleaner Production (CP) are part of the Productive Group of Oil and Gas in Amazonas. About the implemented techniques of CP, 72% represent the adoption of good practices, including operational and management action, with improvements in the administrative system, storage, election and preservation of the solid residues and elimination of obsolete materials that can be recyclable. These practices have reduced residues and often have being implemented with low cost and Sebrae-AM subsidiary at Technological Consulting Program. In this case, was considered environmental regulation (fines, penalties, etc.), searching the conformity of these companies, to prevent serious cuts in the profitability caused by harmful actions to the environment. The work conditions improvements, like small reforms, implementation of security systems and selective collection and equipment purchase are some examples of these applied technological measures (22%). Another example observed was the care with health and occupational security. It was observed that one of the biggest challenges of the involved companies is the continuous improvement of the processes from the program of CP, since is a program that does not certifies yet. The CP concepts and potentials are obscure for the most part of the society and government; in this case it is being necessary to build a new politics for spreading and use of CP, as well as application in micron and small companies. This will generate for the companies one better strategical vision regarding environment questions and consumer requirements. Keywords: Environment management, residues reduction, good practices, Amazonas [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Diagnosis of the Forest Fragmentation on Watershed Córrego Poço Grande, Ouro Verde do Oeste City, Paraná D. Mondardo; A. Uhlein; D. D. Castagnara; F. G. Klein; A. Feiden; C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: The forest fragmentation resulting from the antropic action threatens the biodiversity of ecosystems, be for the extinction or record reduction in the present genetic diversity in the fragments. The great devastation in search of new arable areas and of more space for growth of the cities has result in a mosaic of forest fragments an every chance minor and more isolated, still hindering more the conservation of the genetic and biological diversity of the natural ecosystems. The environmental adaptation of the rural properties proposed by the Project Management by Basins, integral of the Program Cultivating Good Water, idealized by Itaipu Binacional together with several partners, it seeks, besides other, the reduction in the impacts caused by the forest fragmentation, through the restoration of the areas of permanent preservation and of missing reservation legal. The present work evaluated the existent forest fragmentation in the Córrego Poço Grande watershed, municipal district of Ouro Verde do Oeste, Paraná. The microbacia was object of work of the Project Management for Basins, where the rising was accomplished to field of the cadastral data, the use of the soil, environmental liabilities and georeferencing of the rural properties. The data were processed for elaboration of the cartographic maps of the properties, map of environmental diagnosis and project of environmental control, and the mosaic of use of the current soil and proposed after environmental adaptation of the watershed. Through the formed mosaics the number and the size of the existent forest fragments were quantified in the watershed, the same ones were characterized as of area of permanent preservation or of legal reservation, and classified in agreement with the busy area. 65 forest fragments were observed in the watershed, and legal reservation's areas came more fragmented, totaling 60 fragments. Most of the fragments was considered small and very small, could be the bottle mouth for the preservation and survival of the fauna and flora native of the area. The presence can be observed of only three fragments considered exceptional, whose areas would supply conditions for the development of a lot of species, tends conditions of maintaining the natural biodiversity of the area. Keywords: Area of constant preservation, forest fragmentation, legal reserve [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Diagnosis of Waste from a Red Ceramics Towards to Cleaner Production SILVA, R. G. (IFRS); SILVA, V. P. (IFRN)
|
Abstract: There are not many diagnoses and studies, produced on the waste situation and residue generation in the field of the production process of the red or structural ceramics industry. Also, there are not many qualitative and quantitatively information about the waste and residues that have been generated. Therefore, this study seeks to preliminarily diagnose the waste situation at the company Villar Produtos Cerâmicos de Tangará-RN, with a view to proposing cleaner production (CP). The research method consisted on bibliographical and documentary research, as well as a case study of the cited company, including technical visits, observations and analysis of inputs and outputs of the production processes, following the CP methodology of the Brazilian National Center of Clean Technologies . The results showed that the largest input waste was concentrated in the extrusion, cutting, drying and burning processes. The first three added up to a water waste of 39.88%. The last two together wasted 76.23% of electricity. And, only, the burning was responsible for 30.15% of the clay waste. It is concluded that it's imperative for the red ceramic industry to take advantage of CP techniques to reduce production waste. Keywords: cleaner production, sustainability, red ceramics, diagnosis, waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Diagnostic of Cleaner Production in the Industrial Sector DE LA CRUZ, G.M.; CONTRERAS, R. B.; ALONSO, M. (University Rafael Landívar, Guatemala)
|
Abstract: This report sets out the findings, recommendations and benefits expected for the industry, through developed CP studies, at eleven companies from different industrial sectors, made by Engineering Students from Rafael Landívar University, to strengthen their knowledge and skills in CP applied to their discipline and increase the adoption of best practices in cleaner production and sustainable development, participating at small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMES). The activity is part of theprogram Academic Social Responsibility (RSA), and the research areasof the Faculty: productivity, energy, environment and food security. This should apply the students’ knowledge acquired during their career, evaluating and proposing improvements with solutions focused on cleaner production and sustainable development in different companies, as well as recommendations to be followed in the future for its implementation and/or continuity. The authors acknowledge the support of the "Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas" project in development of CPactivities at University. This initiative is funded by the U.S. Department of State, under the "Pathways to Prosperity in the Americas" initiative, through Higher Education for Development (HED). The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the article. The development of this activity was supported by the technical cooperation agreement signed between the University (URL) and the Guatemalan Cleaner Production Center (CGPML), with the aim of promoting and facilitating the implementation of better practices for cleaner production and sustainable development. The students participated in CP training activities and sustainable development. Diagnosis gavethe participants opportunities for production improvement, achieving integration between the industry and Academia. Keywords: Academic social responsibility, cleaner production, sustainable, small and medium enterprises development, production practices and environmental performance
|
||
Diagnostic of the Domestic Effluents Management from Paraná State Rural Area SILVA, D. F.; ISRAEL, L. H.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: Environmental awareness in rural areas advances in relation to the preservation of water quality and their reservoirs, but the management of domestic effluents considers treatment and the appropriate final disposal moves at a slow rate across the country. In this way, the study aims to diagnose the conditions of the rural sanitation in Paraná State and the rural areas of Brazil. The data contained in IBGE, IPARDES, Water Institute of Paraná and OMS database was collected. The results showed that: a) in the Paraná State 1.531.834 inhabitants live in rural areas (in approximately 204.000 residences); b) the average of daily water consumption (for domestic use) is 326.000 m³; c) the domestic effluents generation potential is 261 mil m³ day-1; and d) the Rio Iguaçu watershed stands out among the others in all analyzed aspects, because it has the highest population density in rural areas, with approximately 690.000 inhabitants and the consequence of this is the higher water consumption (103 thousand m³ day-1) and the higher generator of domestic effluent (82.710 m³ day-1). Nationally it was found that 16% of the Brazilian population live in rural areas and that 75% of the rural residences use inadequate domestic effluents treatment and disposal methods. In Paraná State, only 19.35% of rural residences have a sewage collection system or septic tanks. On the other hand, the study indicated as one of the critical factors the lack of methods, processes and conventional technologies specific for domestic effluents treatment in rural areas. Keywords: Domestic effluents, rural sanitation, Paraná State rural areas. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Different Paths for Sustainability through PSS PEREIRA, V. R. (Mackenzie); KREYE, M. (Technical University of Denmark); CARVALHO, M. M. (USP) |
Abstract: Pressures from globalization lead manufacturing companies particularly in the healthcare sector to increasingly incorporate services into their offerings. They shift their core business processes to become solution providers such as Product-Service Systems (PSS) and create value for their customer base. This shift has also been termed servitization. The focus is often on business-to-business (B2B), where the PSS provider maintains and ensures operability of the equipment for a customer organization. Business models for PSS usually grow around the physical asset, which can be owned by the PSS provider who offers the asset’s use or owned by the customer who requests additional support for the asset. Value is added through ensuring the product performance and availability. Product-service Systems (PSS) increasingly characterize sectors with public-private partnerships such as healthcare. The adoption of such PSS can vary depending on the contingency of the business environment favoring different levels of servitization adaptations. This paper investigates how the pressures from the business environments constitute drivers for PSS development. The paper presents evidence from two case studies set in the healthcare industry in Brazil and Denmark. The presented data includes semi-structured interviews with managers and engineers involved in the PSS as well as secondary data. This paper shows that the business environments in the healthcare industry are characterized by increasing level of regulation and differ in their level of investments that determine whether the PSS development is customer pulled or provider pushed. The customer-pull in Brazil led to a quick adoption of result-oriented PSS while the provider-push in Denmark was characterized by a slower adoption of product-focused PSS. Both cases showed different levels of economic, social, environmental and operational issues. This paper contributes to current literature by understanding the different paths of PSS development is enhanced by explaining the drivers for providers and customers to engage in a servitization strategy and develop the required capabilities to be successful in this business opportunity. The most important drivers identified financial, operational and environmental. Keywords: Product-service system; case study; environment; healthcare |
||
Different Perceptions of Corporate Citizenship in a Company in the Brazilian Power Sector PACHECO, L. M. (FGV); KRUGER, C.; LOURENÇÃO, M. T. A.; ALVES, M. F. R.; CALDANA, A. C. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: Currently, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) gave basis to the SDG Compass which invites all companies to integrate SDGs into organizational practices and evaluate the company's position on the issue. Corporate citizenship gained space in the discussion of the responsibilities of the firms regarding sustainability. Several models were developed for the later, being corporate citizenship one of those. Some authors advocate that this is not a stagnant concept inside a company, which must flow through stages for achieving maturity on the subject. Based on a validated assessment tool, a Brazilian company was surveyed and the perception of 131 employees on eight dimensions of corporate citizenship was measured. Considering the internal stakeholders perception of the concept a prerogative for a company’s citizenship performance, it is relevant to understand the general organizational climate to improve the internal marketing strategies for sustainability. Through a cluster analysis, it was possible to identify two distinct groups among the employees: ones that classifies the company in an early stage of corporate citizenship maturity and other that consider the company in a high level of maturity and understanding of this concept. Therefore, the integration of the concept among the different organizational areas, an important step when developing a sustainability strategy, needs to be reinforced through internal communication and alignment to engage employees in the corporate citizenship actions of the company. Keywords: corporate sustainability; sustainable development goals; integration; internal marketing |
||
Difficulties and Barriers Observed in Cleaner Production Implementation: Literature Review MATOS, L. M.; ANHOLON, R.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF)
|
Abstract: This article has been written with the goal of contributing to the body of knowledge of Industrial Sustainability and, more specifically, initiatives utilizing the Cleaner Production methodology. As it is increasingly known in the academic and business community, industrial sustainability has nowadays become a matter of upmost importance. Therefore, the impetus to provide solutions and increase the knowledge basis of the different methodologies that aim to add up to this broader goal is highly relevant nowadays. The Cleaner Production approach is a preventive environmental eco-efficiency strategy that has been showing positive results since its debut in 1989. Since then, its goals have been broadened from the strictly operational dimension it had in its origins to a larger scope that seeks to embrace the goals of sustainability and, considering the triple bottom line strategy – economic, social and environmental goals – contribute to a more sustainable society. However, despite its dissemination, Cleaner Production methodology is not a unanimous consideration when companies’ strategies are formulated and there are factors that hinder its adoption. Aiming to address this issue, this article utilized the method of bibliographic survey to seek, in the recent literature, which ones were the main barriers and difficulties found at different levels in promoting and implementing Cleaner Production. A total of 111 articles about the theme and from well-known scientific publishers have been thoroughly reviewed and sorted by its relevance to the authors goal. After the broader review, 38 articles were chosen to comprise a table presenting the main categories of specific barriers and difficulties mentioned and how many and which authors brought up each category. The results and categories have then been discussed and a conclusion drawn. Observing the results, it is possible to state that there is still a significant number of factors hindering the adoption of Cleaner Production. Those refer to a myriad of internal and external factors such as the participation of social actors that include governments, labor force, financial institutions and also internal organizational and also businesses operational questions in knowledge management, funding, follow-up issues and lack of properly qualified labor force, among others. Keywords: Cleaner Production, barriers and difficulties, literature review, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Disrupting the Business of Producing Automobiles: Technologies for Cleaner Production C. Zapata (ESRC BRASS Centre - Cardiff University & University of California - UK); P. Nieuwenhuis (ESRC BRASS Centre - Cardiff University - UK)
|
Abstract: The concept of innovation has been used in a wide range of contexts and the theoretical development has proven to be extremely valuable to provide important insights into intra-market competition and strategy. The automotive industry offers a fertile terrain for the progress of the uncompleted theory building process of innovation, especially with the introduction of alternative fuels and alternative powertrain technologies. The application of these concepts is fundamental for the sustainability of the entire industry. This paper will look at the concept of innovation in the context of the modern automotive industry focusing on the notion of regulatory innovation of alternative fuels and alternative powertrain. For the purpose of analysing this issue, special attention will be given to the concepts of radical and incremental innovation, which will be applied to existing alternative fuels and alternative powertrain technologies, including hybrids, biofuels and hydrogen power. The article will explore these three categories looking at representative case studies: the Brazilian ethanol experience with biofuels, the development of the Toyota hybrid vehicle and the technological development of hydrogen fuel cells. Keywords: Automotive industry, alternative technologies, innovation, biofuels, hybrids, hydrogen fuel cells |
||
Dissemination of Cleaner Production Tool In the Brazilian Public Universities Flávia Pinheiro Faria; E. B. A. V. Pacheco (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: The chemical industry can be considered one of the most responsible for dispersion of toxic substances in the environment, due to nature and to the amount of residues generated along its productive processes. It is not enough to attenuate and control the pollutants of this industry, but preventing or minimizing their generating source. Cleaner Production (CP) is a good tool for environment management, mainly in small and medium-sized companies which are the majority in Brazil, and it is considered an option for economical and environmental benefits, which can be tangibles and intangibles. Case studies in the industrial sector are being carried out by universities or governmental institutions, observing that independently of the branch of performance of the companies, the chemical processes are the ones that receive greater attention. A bibliographical research was done to verify the dissemination of the concept of CP in Brazilian universities through academic works. These studies showed that entrepreneurs’ awareness has been improved in relation to the environmental preservation. The digital libraries of public universities were accessed, concluding that Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Bahia states concentrated 63% of the documents found up to 2006. The majority case studies were developed in chemical companies and they were from master dissertations Keywords: Cleaner production, chemical industry, Brazilian universities, case studies [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Dynamic Model for Evaluation of Sustainability of Brazilian Ethanol Production: Elements for Modeling SILVA, O. R. (FMU); GUEVARA, A. J. H. (PUC-SP); PALMISANO, A., ROSINI, A. M. (FMU)
|
Abstract: System dynamics is an approach to analyze the behavior of complex systems, such as the productive chains, strictly considering the inherent characteristics. This approach is based on mathematical concepts of nonlinear processes developed in mathematics and physics and consolidated in engineering. The concepts inherent in this approach assists in creating a mathematical model which represents a production chain by using computer simulation. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present the formalization of the dynamic model of assessing the sustainability of Brazilian ethanol production, its borders (external environment) and the scenarios needed for a deeper understanding of relation of cause and effect, causal loops and diagrams of flows and stocks as a result of the awareness stage, with regard to understanding the problems involved, the survey methodology known as design science. Keywords: ethanol, system dynamics, sustainability |
||
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Colombia BENAVIDES, A. E. (Universidad del Atlántico/CUC - Colombia); VALENCIA, G. E.; CARDENAS, Y. D. (CUC - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The hybrid system switched to the production of electric energy allows supplying the energy demand in NonInterconnected Zones, contributing both to the improvement in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the rational use of energy. A comparative analysis of the performance of these systems was supported out in this study for four sites in the Colombian Caribbean region, using a dynamic model programmed in Matlab, which integrated the equations of a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine. AIR 403, a proton exchange fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyzer, a solar panel and a charge regulator based on PID controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flows in the cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power have obtained for the demand of 200 W for changes in solar radiation and wind speed for all days of the year 2013 in the Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso López airport and Simón Bolívar airport, by regulating the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell. The maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simón Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158,358W (9.45%). While the minimum has shown in Puerto Bolívar with 18,141W (3.745%), which allowed to evaluate the changes in the complementarity of these energies for this system. Finally, the simulations of the hybrid energy system allowed us to select Puerto Bolivar's location as the most efficient for the hybrid system's operation because the high potential of wind and solar energy makes it possible to have low consumption of hydrogen and oxygen flow. Keywords: Fuel cell, PID control, Hybrid energy system, Caribbean region, simulation. |
||
Early Stage Investment and Cost Calculation Methodologies for NOx Reduction Measures in Large Combustion Plants MAYER, C.; MUELLER, A.-K.; FROEHLING, M.; SCHULTMANN, F. (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
|
Abstract: The worldwide energy demand, especially in terms of electricity, has been rising significantly over the last few years. Even though the total share of renewable energy supply is growing, the global amount of fossil energy is still not declining. To lower at least the environmental effects of fossil fuel burning, the demand for emission reduction measures, especially in combustion plants, is becoming more prominent, in industrial as well as in emerging countries. The various implemented technologies differ in many technical and economic parameters. Consequently, their suitability depends on the specific application. A detailed estimation of investments and operating costs is an essential basis for plant operators in the early stages of an investment decision. Furthermore, policies may massively influence a national energy market and the depending industries by defining thresholds for emission levels and other technical parameters. In industrial countries detailed simulation models are used for this purpose on a micro- and macroeconomic level. In less developed regions, however, information on costs of large combustion plants and especially of emission reduction measures is scarce. Nevertheless, policy makers have a deep interest in methods for assessing possible effects of their decisions. The Task Force on Techno-Economic Issues (TFTEI, formerly known as EGTEI – Expert Group on Techno-Economic Issues), being part of the UNECE/CLRTAP (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/ Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) has therefore been working on a problem oriented cost and investment estimation tool for fossil fueled large combustion plants for the last few years. Its goal is to support policy makers to implement reasonable environmental protection standards by evaluating the microeconomic effects thereof. But TFTEI is not the only group working on that issue, other methods are in use as well, like (amongst others) the one published by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2003. The aim of this paper is to compare the two methods and show the specific advantages and disadvantages for cost and investment calculation of secondary NOx reduction measures. The two methods shall be introduced in detail, followed by a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the calculation results with regard to the usability of each method in the given context. The TFTEI method is based on specific investments of established plants that can be adapted to the needs of the considered application. The EPA method consists of a more detailed technical description of the process, which is then translated into investments and costs components via empirically determined conversion factors. Subsequently, the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies in the context of a cost calculation tool such as the one developed by TFTEI are discussed with a special focus on the characteristics and needs of the target group. The main outcome is that a calibration of the EPA method seems reasonable, as the calculation results are a lot lower than those of the TFTEI method, but within a steady proportion. Due to a lack of data, however, a calibration is not feasible at the current state. Further surveys are recommended to improve the data base and to reduce the uncertainty of the results. Keywords: Techno-economic assessment, Emission Reduction, Emerging Countries, SCR, SNCR
|
||
Eco Industrial Park Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Paracambi EIP L. B. E. Veiga; A. Magrini (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the Eco Industrial Park (EIP) concept, an environmental management tool that is being spread in many nations around the world as an industrial model that can reconcile the three “Es” of sustainability – environment, social equity and economic efficiency - as it reorganizes industrial practices and activities in order to meet sustainable development goals. Although being an emerging concept, there are many EIP projects being implemented, and many of them already operating in North America, Europe, Asia, Central and South America, including in Rio de Janeiro State (RJS), Brazil. This paper aims to present the development of EIPs in RJS focusing on Paracambi EIP, located in Paracambi municipality, the only pilot project to be developed in a greenfield site. This paper also presents a methodology developed for planning Paracambi EIP. This methodology was developed based on studies and projects developed worldwide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency US-EPA software Facility Synergy Tool (FaST) was a major tool used in order to plan this EIP. Keywords: Eco Industrial Parks, sustainable development, industrial ecology, Paracambi Municipality [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Eco Innovation in the Context of Green Supply Chain Management: A Proposal of a Conceptual Framework SOUZA, W. J. V.; SCUR, G.; HILSDORF, W. C. (FEI)
|
Abstract: Both practitioners and researchers have been reporting a special interest in eco-innovation issues. The academic perspective points to the need that the number of researches should be increased in developing countries. A topic that has received little attention from the literature is the way in which a company can identify and develop ecoinnovations within the green supply chain management (GSCM) context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to analyze the eco-innovation deployment within the GSCM context considering: (1) the environmental practices implemented throughout the GSCM, classifying them by eco-innovation category (incremental or radical); and (2) the environmental performance indicators. Keywords: GSCM; Eco-innovation; Environmental practices; Environmental performance Indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Eco-Efficiency Analysis of Hand Drying Systems CARVALHO, J. S.; OLIVEIRA, S. A. (UFABC)
|
Abstract: In order to meet current legal requirements that demand control and reduction of solid waste generation, as well as society's interest in more sustainable options in the execution of their daily activities, the paper addresses an Eco-efficiency Analysis comparing alternatives for hand drying in environments with different rates of movement of people: Shopping Center (high) and University Center (low). The Eco-efficiency Analysis, which analyzed the combined environmental and economic performances, was carried out based on internationally recognized methodologies, tools and databases, which follow ISO 14040 series standards. The technologies studied refer to those available in the market with the function of hand drying, from which the electric dryer by hot air jet was selected; alternatives of 5 and 15 seconds of constant use. The alternative in comparison consists on two or three towels of Paper offered in plastic dispenser. By means of a survey that counted with 1350 responses, it was possible to observe that about 75% of the target public has a preference for using paper towels, and this choice is mainly motivated by the requirements of practicality and hygiene. Despite this preference, 42% of the participants believe in the efficiency of electric dryers. It was also realized that the society is concerned about environmental and social issues arising from the production, use and final destination of both alternatives. In addition, approximately 69% of the respondents considered the option of electric dryers as the best alternative to reduce the impacts on the environment. After the analysis, the use of electric dryers by hot-air jet was pointed out as the most eco-efficient option. The drying time using the electric dryer is not significant in terms of environmental and economic impacts in either of the alternatives. However, the amount of paper towels used is determinant, and the alternative of three paper towels was presented as the less eco-efficient. It was also observed that in high circulation places, the use of electric dryer stands out as the most economical alternative. Thus, its use, in addition to bringing lower environmental and economic impacts throughout the life cycle, supplies the current governmental demands and the expectation of consumption of a significant portion of the target public of the research. Keywords: Urban Solid Waste, Hand Drying, Eco-efficiency Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Eco-Efficiency Assessment of a Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installation in Accommodation and Lodging Establishments (ALE). A Case in the Guajira, Colombia MEJIA, N. N. (Universidad de La Guajira - Colombia); VERA, L.D. (Universidad Nacional - Colombia); LOPEZ, G. J. (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Colombia); HERRERA, I. (CIEMAT - Spain)
|
Abstract: Eco-efficient technologies for the production of electricity are those that when compared with other technological options generate lower environmental impacts and their cost within the energy system is less expensive. In Colombia and specifically in La Guajira, the potential of renewable energy (ER) is presented as an eco-efficient technological alternative to improve the environmental impacts caused in the production and consumption of electricity in the housing sector. In this sense, this document shows part of the results of a research developed as a doctoral thesis, carried out in the Accommodation and Lodging Establishments (EAH) of the department of La Guajira. The objective of this research is the development of a methodological model of eco-efficient technological solutions as a management tool that contributes to the environmental sustainability of the EAH taking into account that this region has great potential for the development of photovoltaic solar technology. In the current work, part of the results obtained in this doctoral thesis is presented. These results were obtained under a mixed experimental approach to a population of 375 ALE that had at least 5 years of operation and active registration at the Chamber of Commerce of La Guajira in 2016. A questionnaire of 58 items was designed and applied to a sample of 169 LAE. Likewise, for the construction of the Methodological Model of Eco-efficient Technological Solutions two methodologies were used: Methodology 1, consists in the technical evaluation through which the components of the solar photovoltaic system are dimensioned, either for autonomous systems or connected to the network, although in this research it was only designed for autonomous systems; Methodology 2, evaluates the eco-efficiency of photovoltaic solar technology by applying the Colombian Technical Norm NTC-ISO 14045 (2013). In this evaluation 2 methods were used, Method 1 involving environmental evaluation through the Cycle Analysis of Life (LCA), through the application of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 with the help of SIMAPRO software and the 2011 ILCD environmental impact method. Method 2 to assess the value of the product system. In this case, the solar photovoltaic system for the generation of electricity through the software HOMER PRO was created. Results show that although photovoltaic technology is more eco-efficient than the technology that currently works in the EAH (reduces the emission of CO2 by 74 %). From economical point none of the two technologies; it is ecoefficient because they do not have a rate of return on investment. This fact highlights the need to continue in this line of research. Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic Energy; Eco-efficiency Technologies; Sustainability management; Accommodation and Lodging Establishments. |
||
Eco-Efficiency in a Metalworking Industry of Campinas/SP Region: Reduction of Setup time and Carbon Footprint LEME, R. D. J.; LOPES SILVA, D. A. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: Losses of time and resources, such as materials, infrastructure, financial capital, and labor can reduce productivity and competitiveness of industries. In order to promote cleaner production, lean solutions integrated to the sustainable manufacturing concept can be adopted to minimize such losses. This integration can generate competitive advantages not only in financial terms, but contributing also to reduction of environmental impacts, operational advantages, increasing productivity and creating more value to companies. In this context, aiming at reducing unproductive times, one can focus on minimizing setup time of machines and equipment. Considering a high precision mold making company from Campinas region of São Paulo State of Brazil, the following question arises: how to identify improvement opportunities to reduce setup times and activities on its machining processes? There are several approaches that could be applied to solve this question, however, this paper focused on the integration of sustainable manufacturing with lean manufacturing practices and, for this, an eco-efficiency study was carried out through the application of SMED tool integrated with Carbon Footprint of machining processes. The case study results showed that it was possible to reduce long setup times by up to 88.4%, while carbon footprint was also minimized by up to 81.3%. Simple improvements were performed at the evaluated machining processes based on simple changes, such as standardization of setup activities and time & methods procedures. Finally, the combined approach of SMED with Carbon Footprint can be used to assist more companies to improve ecoefficiency in manufacturing processes towards a more sustainable future. Keywords: Eco-efficiency. Carbon Footprint. Quick Tooling Change. SMED. Lean Manufacturing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Ecodesign and Cleaner Production: Production Inovation at the Furniture Sector M. G. Farias (UDESC); A. da Silva (Moveis Neumann-SC); R. Langer (UDESC)
|
Abstract: This article has as objective to demonstrate the importance and the results of the process of integration of the University of the State of Santa Catarina with the business sectors - in special, by means of the companies nets called “Local Productive Arrangements” at Furniture Sector, in the advances of the use of the concept of the Innovation, Ecodesign and Cleaner Production for the endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development. Keywords: Cleaner production, innovation, ecodesign, local productive arrangement, furniture sector [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Ecodesign applied to sugarcane productive chain: cooperative mobilizations I. K. Makiya (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Sugar-cane productive chain presents a strong potential for ecologically maintainable options, which is important in Brazil due to a large number of sugarcane plants existing. Some positive aspects obtained by the Brazilian sugarcane chain during last years are the Genoma project that identified 50 thousand genes present in sugar cane, production of biodegradable plastic, the obtained sugar type white pollen (WHP) that requests less effort in industrial and technology process for using residues of the cane agro-industry in co-generation of electric energy, and so on. All these results in a high social-economic importance of sugar-cane chain to Brazil, but still there is a lack of studies on sustainability issues. In this sense, alternatives towards sustainability by considering a cooperative view are needed including programs for alternative energy sources (i.e. ethanol, biodiesel and biomass), alternative sources of biodegradable packings, and an ecoefficient redesign of the productive chain as a whole. Keywords: Ecodesign, sugar-cane, alternative energy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Ecodesign Integration Models: Systematic Literature Review with a Systemic Focus BRONES, F. A.; CARVALHO, M. M.; AMATO NETO, J. (USP)
|
Abstract: The concept of integration plays a key role in Ecodesign, defined as incorporating environmental aspects with a life cycle perspective into projects and the Product Development Process (PDP) of businesses. Assuming that a broad framework for a comprehensive integration adhering to the principles of innovation management is still missing, this article seeks to make a scientific state of the art of the theme, focusing on published Models. The methodology associates bibliometric techniques and content analysis, based on searches conducted on two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) and several complementary sources giving priority to the primary publications of the Models.The research identified 52 modelsthat were analyzed in depth, comingfrom various types of publications and worldwide geographical origins, predominantly from northern Europe.It was possible to trace a systemic pattern of the Models, using scientific concepts associated with the success factors of innovation management together with principles of environmental sustainability in business.The adopted three levels segmentation (micro, meso and macro) covers the main issues and challenges of the Ecodesign integration in the PDP of business, contributing to the analysis and comparison of the Models.Throughout the scientific literature reported in this paper, a convergence and consolidation of Ecodesign knowledge was initiated, gathering scientific constructs and best practices from various areas. The proposed systemic approach is a promising way to synthesize the main constructs involved in Ecodesign integration and Life Cycle Management, and is a useful step towards the construction of a complete integration Model. Keywords: Ecodesign, integration, models, systemic, development. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Ecodesign Methods focused on Remanufacturing D. C. A. Pigosso; E. T. Zanette; A. Guelere Filho; A. R. Ometto (USP)
|
Abstract: The consumption and production of products throughout its lifecycle is at the origin of most of the pollution and resources depletion that our society causes. The environmental impact of products at the end of their life can be considerably reduced by the application of remanufacture. Encouraged by environmental legislation, such as the WEEE in Europe, and motivated by aftermarket reasons, the importance of the remanufacture industry has increased lately, worldwide. Remanufacturing is defined as the transformation of an end-of-life product into an ‘as good as new’ product. The remanufacturing process includes several stages, including product disassembly, cleaning and identification of parts, parts recovery, testing and product re-assembly. To implement remanufacturable products successfully, they ought to been previously designed for that purpose. Thus, the initial phases of the product development process must consider the aspects of remanufacturing such as disassembly opportunities, facilities and reverse logistics. The consideration of theses aspects can be made by means of Ecodesign, which is a proactive posture of environmental management that, by integrating environmental concern to the product development process, aims to reduce the total environmental impact of products throughout its entire lifecycle, without compromising other important aspects, such as quality, costs, ergonomics, aesthetics, etc. There are several Ecodesign’ methods that focus on the remanufacturing process and can be successfully applied in order to obtain more sustainable products, minimizing its adverse environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to present some Ecodesign methods that focus on end-of-life strategies, including, among others, remanufacturing. It is important that all end-of-life strategies be related, since not all products’ components can be remanufactured. Hence, other end-of-life strategies, such as recycling and reuse, should be made possible and viable. Keywords: Ecodesign, remanufacture, methods |
||
Eco-Efficiency: A Case Study in a Chemical Industry H. M. de Pinho; M. N. Catanzano; P. J. C. Candeira (FAENG)
|
Abstract: Eco-efficiency is of vital importance for the maintenance of organizations nowadays, not only to maintain an ecologically speech accepted by society, but also because it brings all kinds of benefits. As more companies seek respectability, the better the prospects for growth and environmental integration. Moreover, it is a management tool which main function is the environment preservation. This work addresses questions related to environmental management through a system of eco-efficiency. During the development of this work, a research was conducted at a chemical industry located in a petrochemical pole in Maua city, Sao Paulo State. The methodology was based on a case study, therefore a questionnaire was designed to answer what this organization has done in order to save resources. The results show that this organization has carried out activities related to the topic, although there are great opportunities for improvement in the management system currently applied. Keywords: Eco-efficiency, management system, environment and sustainable development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Ecoefficiency in Portuguese WWTP HENRIQUES, J.; CATARINO, J. (LNEG, Portugal)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production is a strategy that supports companies on their way towards sustainability by focusing their efforts mainly on the reduction of materials’ and energy’s use, on processes’ improvement, on cycles’ closing and on waste flows’ valorisation or elimination. This approach was used in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) by considering their running as an industrial process. In a flowchart all the inputs and outputs were identified. Energy was quantified and the associated costs were allocated. Special attention was paid to energy use in the treatment processes and therefore the higher electricity consumptions were measured. In each WWTP the efficiency in the removal of the pollution load was related to the energy consumption. For each WWTP an indicator (Value) relating removal efficiency to cost (or energy consumed) was established and used for benchmarking between the target WWTP. Possibilities, of reduction of materials and energy consumption in the normal functioning of the WWTP, were identified. Other improvement opportunities were detected in what concerns the inputs related to population training and information, namely those related to water savings, internal housing water reclamation and chemicals use. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Sustainable Value, wastewater treatment plant, energy efficiency, eco-efficiency [Abstract] [Organizational Report]
|
||
Eco-industrialism: The Potential for Inclusive Growth with Bio-Plastic Production in Brazil Using Sugarcane Ethanol P. Wells (Cardiff University-UK), C. Zapata (UNDP) |
Abstract: Eco-industrialism embraces the concept of spatially-concentrated and inter-connected industrial activities that collectively are eco-efficient in the use of resources, though not necessarily premised on renewable resources. One area of activity that has potential for renewable eco-industrialism is that of bio-plastics; specifically in this case the production of plastic feedstock from sugarcane ethanol along with downstream products manufactured from bio-plastic feedstock for industrial or consumer markets. Eco-industrialism, in addition, has little to say about the subject of inclusive growth – an important element in the social and economic dimensions of sustainability. Inclusive growth means bringing some of the wealth created by growth to the marginal elements of society. This paper examines the nascent sugarcane ethanol bio-plastic industry in Brazil with a view to understanding the potential of the sector for renewable eco-industrialism in general, and for inclusive growth to mitigate rural poverty in particular. It is concluded that while the sector and the underlying technology is only in the formative stages, there are reasons to suppose that there is potential for inclusive growth and alleviating rural poverty by broadening income flows and reducing income volatility risk to rural areas. The paper explains that the concept of ecoindustrialism has thus far been limited in that it is not based on renewable resources per se. Hence in theoretical terms the paper seeks to explain the significance of two possible developments of the concept: a basis of on renewable resources; and an extension with ‘inclusive growth’. The analysis is grounded in an understanding of contemporary definitions of bio-plastic and why it might be important e.g. in the automotive industry. Information on the technology and scale of production, etc. is used to compare the bio-plastic sector with the mainstream petrochemical plastic sector. We then present a case study of Brazil in which it is shown that an embryonic bio-plastic industry exists, though it is far from being an ecoindustrial cluster. The subsequent analysis argues that there is a strong sustainability basis for developing a Brazilian bio-plastic eco-industrial complex based on sugarcane ethanol, and outlines some potential policy frameworks to further encourage the development of such a sector. It is concluded that there are broad social and economic benefits, such as greater inclusive growth and higher retention of added value within Brazil, alongside the environmental advantages of using sugarcane such as lower carbon emissions. The wider theoretical conclusions are that eco-industrialism based on renewable resources could be the foundation of a new form of materialism in modern society. Keywords: Inclusive growth, sugarcane ethanol, eco-industrialism, ethanol, Brazil |
||
Eco-Innovation and Knowledge Management: How Are These Practices Related? MADEIRA, L. M. M.; VICK, T. E.; NAGANO, M. S. (USP)
|
Abstract: The article aims to analyze, using three different tools, the relationship between the practices of eco-innovation and knowledge management (KM). It is known that the commitment of top management through education, training, and deep intervention in the organizational culture, organizational change is essential for the implementation of environmental management systems. Due to the importance of these aspects, management should promote the creation of knowledge. As a way to demonstrate the relationship that is the subject of research, the S Curve of innovation, the Standard Design Process Form (SDPS) and the PIT Diagram (Product Ideas Tree) are studied. These methodologies were selected in order to characterize and enlighten the process of generating ideas in the eco-innovation. In addition to the relationships found between the KM and eco- innovation, a set of five assumptions is listed in order to emphasize the results found in the discussion. Keywords: Eco-innovation; Knowledge Management; Knowledge Creation; Environmental Management. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Ecological Construction a Model for the Sustainable Development R. C. Kanning; E. C. C. de Aguiar (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The materials that constitute the urban garbage, the home deficit, the raised consumption of natural resources and the generation of residues for civil construction are subjects of great importance and concern for all nations. The project Unit Knowledge is presented as a proposal to minimize these problems, therefore the EPS (styropor), the PET plastic bottles, tire and bombonas, besides reducing the use of natural resources, such as sand and crushed rock, and propitiates an avoidance on the use of nesting mortar, provides raw materials for producing blocks and mortar, thus reducing the volume of the garbage to disposed; it has low cost of production and, under technical orientation, they allow to the future inhabitants the building of home units in reduced time. Keywords: Unit knowledge, ISOPET, EPS, bottles PET, tire [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Ecological Cost Account Application in a Lean Manufacture Brazilian Automotive Project SERRA, F. G.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; CALRGE, F. A.; SANTANA, J. C. C. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: Currently, the society has demanded attitudes from companies to reduce environment impacts derived from manufacturing processes and to reduce emissions from greenhouse gases. The Ecological Costs Accounting (ECA) is a theory for the companies to measure these impacts and then apply practices to solve them in an economically feasible, with social attitude and environmentally friendly. Thus, this study aimed to apply the Lean Manufacturing practices together with ECA’s theory in an automotive company, in order to verify their gains in Economic, Social and Ecological Dimensions. Thus, a study of case was developed in a Brazilian automotive company, in which was implemented a Lean Manufacturing project and their economic, social and environmental gains in seven years period. The obtained results show that it is possible to mix Lean Manufacturing practices with ECA’s theory, in order to minimize company’s social and ecological impacts. It was verified that the company obtained a cost reduction about R$ 118 thousand/year, improving their image for the society and reducing employees efforts, reducing their emissions in 481 t of CO2, which can be commercialized as carbon credits and there was a reduction of electrical energy consumption over 2.803 thousand kW/year. Keywords: Ecological costs accounting, lean manufacture, environmental credits, reduction of environmental impacts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Ecological Recuperation of Palácio dos Leilões NOLLI, A. C. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: This paper analyzes a proposal in the form of an early stage of a architectural, urban and paisagistic project aiming the ecological recuperation for the area of the so-called “Palácio dos Leilões”, at the county of Contagem, Minas Gerais state. That area is being considered e nvironmentally poor, unhealthy as it has being used as car crashed deposit. The cars wait for dismantling and their parts to be sold in order to be re-used. In this paper it will be demonstrate new concepts which are related to a cleaner and sustainable reuse since the shred process of pieces and collection of fluids will be more sensible as to open spaces to create new forests surrounding the factory. A small existing wetland in the place will be recovery in order to integrate and adapt itself to the ecological system treated. The paper concludes towards a conceptual framework to support the architectural, urban and paisagistic projects, reflecting on the main steps to achieve cleaner, sustainable and cheaper projects for industrial demands. Keywords: Clean construction industry, recycling, reforestation, sustainable architectural design [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Economic Viability and Flammability of Polyurethane Composites, Aluminum Sludge and Polyethylene Terephthalate Residue MARQUES, D. V.; AGUIAR, A. C. (UNISUL - Brazil); BARCELOS, R. L. (UNISUL/SENAC - Brazil); SILVA, H. R. T.; EGERT, P.; MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Polyurethane is used in the construction industry because of its excellent thermal performance in roofs, floors, and concrete slabs. However, its high flammability restricts the use. The study reports the use of polyethylene terephthalate and aluminumanodizing sludge residues in the production of boards with different densities and fire resistance. Boards with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of polyethylene terephthalate residue were prepared to replace primary polyurethane raw materials, to which 20% aluminum sludge was added. In the horizontal burning test (UL94), the boards presented a combustion deceleration until flame extinction due to the presence of aluminum-anodizing sludge. There was a cost reduction of about 70% for the boards with the greatest amount of residues incorporated. The construction industry should consider incorporating waste into the life cycle of products from other segments as part of its formulations, saving natural resources and becoming more sustainable. Keywords: Aluminum sludge; Polyethylene terephthalate (PET); Polyurethane (PU); Recycling; Flammability. |
||
Effect of Extractive Removal on the Calorific Power of Wood Residues T. Rossi, L. F. de Moura, P. R. Torquato, J. O. Brito (USP)
|
Abstract: In mechanical processing of wood, the generation of residues is an unavoidable factor. The
use of wood residues has gained increasing importance due to the large amount generated
and improper disposal, which causes serious environmental damage. Burning of such
residues to energy generation is an increasingly usual practice. However, the wood residues
hold substances that could be recovered before burning. These substances are the wood
extractives, which may have many uses as natural dyes for fabrics, foods and cosmetics, as
well as substances of interest to medicine. Thus, it is of great interest to study the effect of
extractive removal on the calorific power of wood. In this work, the calorific power of four
species of woods commonly used in sawmills (ipe, cedroarana, and jatoba) and residues of
urban arborization (Brazil wood ) were evaluated before and after extraction in hot water. In
woods studied, the calorific power showed three patterns of behavior after removal of
extractives soluble in hot water. For Brazil wood, the removal of extractives caused no
significant change in calorific power, which suggests that there is no potential energy in
these wood extractives. For cedroarana and jatoba, extractive removal led to a decrease in
wood calorific power of 161.3 kcal/kg and 40.1 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates that the
extractives from these species have a positive energy potential. Finally, for ipe, the removal
of extractives resulted in an increase in calorific power of wood (67.6 kcal/kg), which might
encourage the recovery of extractives from wood residues before burning for energy
generation.
Keywords: Calorific power, extractives, wood residues, recovery [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
CUCCHIELLA, F.; D'ADAMO, I.; GASTALDI, M. (University of L'Aquila - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' - Italy) |
Abstract: Uncontrolled CO2 emissions and excessive energy dependence strongly contribute to climate change preventing economic and sustainable development. The European mitigation program is very ambitious: new objectives up to 2030 provide for a 40% reduction of GHG emissions and an increase of 27% for renewables and energy efficiency. Competitiveness would save on imports of oil and gas, to increase the gross domestic product and create new jobs in the renewable energy and energy efficiency. This study uses GHG emissions, total energy consumption and renewable energy consumption as input variables for the evaluation and the analysis of the economic and social sustainability performance of Countries belonging to the European Economic Area. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model allows the identification of the less competitive areas in terms of sustainable growth and the Zero Sum Gains Data Envelopment Analysis model is used to determine how they should vary the inputs so that the economic system reaches efficiency. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Management, Renewable Energy, ZSG DEA |
||
Electric Supply and Autonomous System for a Cleaner Production of Pesticide-Free Aeroponic Food Products HOYOS, F. E.; CANDELO, J. E. (Universidad Nacional de Colombia); CHAVARRIA H. J. (Colombian Aeroponics Company)
|
Abstract: Aeroponics allows a more efficient agriculture because the possibility to grow plants in places where conventional open-field agriculture is difficult. The use of technology allows to improve efficiency of the processes, although some energy control and irrigation system solutions must be improved. This paper presents the application of an autonomous power supply and an irrigation control system for the pesticide-free aeroponic food production. The system was designed using Matlab-Simulink-MPLAB tool to perform the control model and to be applied to the crop. Besides, a dsPIC was programmed for the irrigation cycle control algorithms using Matlab-Simulink blocks. The results show that the irrigation cycle and power supply help to maintain uniform plants in the crop, which allows a better development of the aeroponics. Keywords: Pesticide-free food, aeroponics, autonomous irrigation system, cleaner production, electric power. |
||
|
Electricity from Poultry Manure: A Clean Alternative to Direct Land Application BILLEN, P. (University of Leuven - Belgium); COSTA, J. (BMC Moerdijk - Belgium); VAN CANEGHEN, J.; VANDECASTEELE, C. (University of Leuven - Belgium)
|
Abstract: In the EU direct land spreading of animal manure is restricted to avoid excessive fertilization of agricultural areas with resulting eutrophication problems. The combustion of poultry manure in biomass power plants is an interesting alternative to direct land spreading. In this paper, the environmental impact of combustion and of direct land spreading of poultry manure are compared, considering three aspects of cleaner production: sustainable energy production and GHG emissions, pollution prevention and recycling of materials. In a life cycle perspective, it is shown that the production of electricity from poultry manure reduces the emissions of GHGs, NH3, nitrates, SO2 and NOx to the environment. The reduction of the emissions and resulting decreased environmental impact is partly due to the diversion of poultry manure from land spreading and partly due to the replacement of electricity production by the combustion of fossil fuels. The combustion ash is rich in phosphorus and potassium, but low in nitrogen, so that it can be recycled as an inorganic soil conditioner. The ash is dry, odorless, and free of pathogens, which are beneficial properties compared to fresh poultry manure. Moreover, the amount of heavy metals with respect to the macronutrient phosphate, is unchanged compared to the poultry manure as it enters the combustor. Therefore, land application of the poultry manure ash has the same environmental impact as poultry manure spreading. It may be considered a means to balance the needs and use of phosphorus between regions. Keywords: Poultry manure, land spreading, combustion, environmental impact |
||
Electrochemical Discoloration of Alizarin Red S Solutions in Dimensionally Stable Anode E. M. Moreira, F. L. Souza, D. W. Miwa (USP), C. R. Costa (UFTM), A. J. Motheo (USP)
|
Abstract: Alizarin red S is a dye utilized by textile and leather industries. As it is a dye, alizarin red S is a potential environmental aggressor because it inhibited the photosynthesis in water bodies. In this work we evaluated the discoloration kinetic of alizarin red S in dimensionally stable anode in presence of phosphate buffer and, in some cases, in presence of sodium chloride also. Removal values of color higher than 90% were obtained after 5 hours of treatment of alizarin red S solutions containing 700 mg L-1 of this dye. Keywords: Electrochemical discoloration, alizarin red S, rate constant [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Electrochemical Remediation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol under Different Agitation and Electromotive Force R. C. Batista, D. D. Cordeiro, S. Manzani (UFGO), I. A. Silva, L. Angnes (USP), E. S. Gil (USP/UFGO)
|
Abstract: Among many species that exist in urban or industrial wastewater, endocrine disrupters are substances that can alter the functioning of the reproductive system, causing feminization of species, causing diseases like breast cancer, uterine cancer and prostate cancer, abnormal sexual development, reduced male fertility, increased incidence of polycystic ovaries, disturbances in the functions of the ovary (follicular growth and ovulation), fertilization and pregnancy. In animals may deregulate the reproduction and development of organisms. Among these substances is the 17α-ethinylestradiol as synthetic estrogen developed for medical use in hormone replacement therapies and contraceptive methods , havinghigh potential estrogen and has been ranked as one of the most responsible in triggering endocrine changes in organisms exposed to surface water . This paper presents a study of the use of sheets of carbon as electrode material for electrochemical remediation of 17α-ethinylestradiol. In this context we evaluated the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation for ethinyl estradiol at different flow conditions, potential and electrolytic means. Keywords: Endocrine disrupters, cardboard, carbon electrochemical oxidation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
|
Electrodialysis as an Alternative for Treatment of Nickel Electroplating Effluent: Water and Salts Recovery BENVENUTI, T. (UFRGS); RODRIGUES, M. A. S. (FEEVALE); KRAPF, R. S.; BERNARDES, A. M.; ZOPPAS-FERREIRA, J. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Galvanic processes are one of the main activities contributors of metal discharges into the environment. The wastewater generated contains high load of salts and metals that must be treated for recovery chemicals and water, saving resources. In this work the treatment of effluents from bright nickel electroplating process by electrodialysis (ED) was studied in order to concentrate and extract nickel (Ni)and its salts and recover water for reuse, saving industrial and environmental resources. This study was started as a case requested by an European company, manufacturer of ED plants, due the operation of equipment used in the treatment of nickel plating wastewater at an Brazilian enterprise.. After many tests using real and synthetic nickel plating effluent and determination of limiting current value in previous works, one bench scale electrodialysis system was evaluated, containing five compartments cells separated by four 16cm2 membranes. It was used a synthetic effluent based on industrial baths composition, including salts and organic additives. Nickel extraction, pH and conductivity were evaluated for all compartments. After ED, the treated effluent was evaluated by chemical analysis for verify its quality. It was found that ED treatment generates, as product, a very low conductivity solution, allow ing the reuse as rinsewater, and a concentrated solution able to fortify the bath and recover volumes lost by evaporation and drag during the nickel electroplating process. Keywords: Nickel electroplating, effluent treatment, electrodialysis, reuse
|
||
Eletrical and Eletronic Wastes: A Challange for Sustainable Development and the New National Policy for Solid Wastes R. Y. Natume (UTFPR), F. S. P. Sant´Anna (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The growing concearn with the generation of solid wastes in Brazil and worldwide has challanged managers in several areas due to the scope of the emerging impacts, being either environmental, economical, social or cultural. The 12.035 Act which establishes the National Policy for Solid Wastes demonstrates how the brazilian leaders are worried about this issue. The growth in the generation of electric and electronic wastes is due mainly to the growing technological revolution in the past years which has produced equipments in large scale, with varied uses. This growth results in an increase of the amount and diversity of equipments, which for becoming obsolete fast, represent a significant percentage of discarded wastes today. These electric and electronic wastes are considered dangerous due to their diverse composition, mainly heavy metals which cause serious problems to human lives, animals, vegetables, water beds, among others. In this perspective, this work tries to cooperate to broaden the knowledge about this kind of residues and find possible solutions which could minimize their environmental impacts. Companies cases are presented and analysed which have already properly managed their electo and electronic residues. Other cases such as some companies which have not yet implemented any kind of management of the residues they produce and their difficulties to discard these wastes are also presented. Keywords: Eletrical and electronic wastes, sustainability, recycling, reuse, national policy for solid waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Elimination of Mercury (Hg) in the Health Sector: the Case of a Hospital in the City of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico C. R. A. Chávez, M. M. Grano, M. E. A. Corrales, L. E. V. Contreras (UNISON-Mexico), P. Markkanen, C. Galligan (UMass Lowell-USA), M. B. Hernández (UNISON-Mexico), M. M. Quinn (UMass Lowell-USA)
|
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to provides an analysis of policies that are related to the Hg, management practices (acquisition, storage, use and final disposal), as well as the inventory of the sources of Hg in different areas of the hospital and propose actions for the implementation of a cleaner production (CP) program in a hospital in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and interview assessment and inventory sheet. With the information gathered and an assessment glass clinical thermometer was selected as the source of the most important Hg. Finally was developed a pilot program of CP for a hospital, to assist in the implementation of alternatives to reduce and / or eliminate Hg. This case study showed some deficiencies in the hospital, such as lack of employee training, inadequate practices for cleaning up spills, lack of policies for the removal of Hg, the lack of identification of equipment and laboratory chemicals containing Hg. The actions recommended include: promoting the creation of a policy to reduce and/or elimination of Hg, to form a team in the hospital, develop support material for an awareness campaign, training of nursing staff and medical material supply for cleaning spills of Hg, formulate policies for the purchase of mercury-free devices, starting with the replacement of mercury thermometers for digital thermometers. This case is part of Elimination of Mercury project in Ecuador and Mexico Hospitals led by University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA, aims at gradual elimination of mercury from healthcare facilities. Participation in the project is voluntary. Keywords: Mercury, hospital, pollution prevention, cleaner production |
||
Emergy Accounting and CO2 Emissions: Accessing and Remaining in the Physical and in the Virtual Learning Environment OLIVEIRA, J. H. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to compare the environmental cost of accessing and remaining in the physical learning environment, during a typical school nigh, by the students attending a technicians' level course of Management at the IFSULDEMINAS' (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais) pole located in the city of Jacutinga-MG to the environmental cost resulting from a session- accessing and remaining for a given amount of time - on the virtual learning environment (VLE) by the students from the Inconfidentes-MG pole enrolled in a Distance Teaching version of a similar course carried by e-Tec (Open Technical School of Brazil) during a typical distance teaching study session. By means of emergy environmental accounting it was possible to verify that a typical virtual instruction session carried by students living in locations where the typical Brazilian matrix hydroelectricity is used to feed their computers will demand more from the environment than their counterparts' use of public transportation to commute to the physical classroom. On the other hand, calculations for CO2 emissions caused by each system unveils a reverse situation , as far as environmental impact is concerned. This study also presents a simulation by which one is able to verify that a student who uses thermo-electric power from a Diesel- operated generator when accessing the VLE would cause higher CO2 emission levels than does his counterpart who uses public transportation to go to and from school and use classroom facilities. Keywords: Distance Teaching, physical learning environment, emergy, VLE [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Emergy Accounting in the Two Systems of Generating Electricity Using Waste I. Corsini; B. S. Carvalho; E. M. Pereira, M. C. A. Cunha, C. C. Silva (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: This article aims to assess by emergy accounting, two systems of electric power production. Comparing two different realities, one that uses a power generation system installed on a standalone mill in São Paulo and another in a Sewage Treatment Station (STS) located in Uppsala, Sweden. The systems were measured by indicators that indicate the environmental burden. This methodology presents the results, synthetic and easy to understand that aid in the pursuit of sustainable development and environmentally friendly. Based on our analysis of the digestion system installed at the station ETE indicates disadvantages over the plant unattended. This is due to higher utilization that makes the plant independent of renewable resources (R, N), thus Transformity better, lower environmental burden and reduced pressure on the environment. Keywords: Emergy, STS, independent power plant, waste, energy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Emergy Accounting of a Course of Management at the Federal Institute of Southern Minas Gerais: A Case Study OLIVEIRA, J. H. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to carry out the environmental accounting of a technicians' level programme of Management given by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) at an external unit in Jacutinga, MG using the emergy accounting method. This work is an integrating part of a broader case studyfeaturing a comparison between the implicit environmental costs behind this programmeand the Distance Teaching version of a similar course carried by the same institution. Keywords: Emergy, information, CO2
|
||
Emergy Accounting of Milk Production System: Is the Organic Label a Synonymous with Sustainable Production? OLIVEIRA, M.W. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Agricultural production under organic handling can be found in different regions of Brazil and it is still under continuous expansion. Organic handling is an alternative production system which produces healthier food compared to chemical traditional agriculture. To be labeled as organic, the production system must comply with requirements of Law no. 10,832/03 which supplies definitions and rules aiming to constrain the use of some inputs into the production system.Notwithstanding, organics are usually considered as synonymous of sustainable products, but quantitative information supporting this statement is rarely found in literature. This raises doubt about the sustainable label associated to all organics. This work aims to evaluate the relation of binomial organicssustainable by considering as case study a certified organic milk production systemlocated in São Paulo State, Brazil. Emergy accounting (with an “m”) is the scientific methodology used to quantify sustainability. Results indicate that organic system (OS) has low renewability (%R of 19%), it explores natural resources in an inefficient way which results in high demand for resources from economy (EIR of 3.63 and EYR of 1.23), it demands high amount of non-renewable resources which causes moderate load on environment (ELR of 4.07), and finally it has low sustainability (ESI of 0.30). All these obtained emergy indices show lower performance when compared to values for agricultural ecological systems found in literature. In this sense, the OS evaluated should not be labeled as sustainable, overthrowing the thesis of which organics are synonymous of sustainable. Anyhow, it is suggested that other methodological approaches be used simultaneously with emergy accounting to assess sustainability under different perspectives of scale and time. Keywords: Emergy, Organic milk production, Sustainable indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Emergy Analysis for Brazilian Cotton Agriculture BLATT, E. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper is applying environment accounting in Emergy to analysis the Brazilian cotton agricultural production system. To determine which cotton agricultural production items, have more relevance. This study takes into consideration the diversity of Brazilian cotton production characteristics per region, the calculation data are the weighted mean per production per productive area. The results of this paper are compared into with two Brazilian and one North American Articles and the Emergy Sustainability Index results at all studied cotton production systems shown results <1 that characterize cotton agriculture as a short term value for sustainability classification. Demanding high amount of fertilizers and pesticides. Those are purchased inputs into the production system. Keywords: emergy; environmental accounting; cotton agricultural systems, environmental sustainability metrics in cotton agriculture [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Emergy and Hydroelectricity TASSINARI, C. A.; BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The construction of hydroelectric plants is a controversial issue when negative effects are focused on, since social disruption, material or financial loss, crops, forest and soil loss, etc. On the other hand, benefits that would otherwise take years to occur, such as employment increase, arise in shorter run due to this region's development. In Brazil, the construction of “Run-of-the-river” plants, hydroelectric plants capable of operating with small or even without reservoirs, have been in tensified. In 2005, 93 % of the electric energy available for consuming was generated by hydroelectricity plants and according to the national planning elaborated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, hydroelectricity will remain the predominant source up to 2030. Global environmental benefits and costs for two Brazilian plants (Porto Primavera and Jupiá) were accounted for in terms of emergy terms. The traditional emergy in dicators were calculated as well as new indicators were proposed in order to evidence other aspects, such as matching between hydroelectric enterprise and region, more adequate use of water, influence of reservoir dimension and loss of ecosystem services. Keywords: Emergy, Hydroelectricity, Environmental accounting, Ecosystem service
|
||
Emergy Synthesis and Sustainability: Analysis of Emergy Flows in the Territorial Dynamics in the Municipality of Pitalito - Huila SEPÚLVEDA, J,D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); RIAÑO, N,M. (ASOHOFRUCOL - Colombia); MERIÑO, L,I.; CARDENAS, Y. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This work shows the application of emergy synthesis in the municipality of Pitalito a small territory located in the Department of Huila in southwestern Colombia, the purpose of this application is to establish a basis of analysis for the identification of environmental, social and productive relationships in the systems under study, as well as the dynamics of generation, use and exploitation of energy in their processes, analyzing the energy intensity, environmental pressure, the structure of existing resources and the efficiency of their use. The analysis allowed to quantify the primary renewable flows and reserves, the dynamics and effects of productive and extractive activities in the territory, as well as the different interrelationships between flows, energy efficiency and sustainability in the framework of the integration of energy, territory and development -ETD- with a systemic vision, allowing the identification of critical points for the formulation of measures, decision making and policy approaches for territorial sustainable development. Keywords: Emergy synthesis, sustainability, territory. |
||
Emergy–based Environmental Accounting of the Engineering Course at a Paulista University Campus A. P. Z. Santos; A. D. Frugoli; C. M. V. B. Almeida, P. A. Frugoli, C. A. F. Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This study applies emergy accounting to assess an Engineering course offered in an educational building at Paulista University- UNIP. The building used by the Engineering course at Campus Indianópolis is occupied by teachers, students and staff. Energy and material flows used for construction and use of the building are evaluated. Information provided to students is also accounted. The total emergy of the building (construction and use) is 1.25 x 10e18 sej / year, where the concrete presents the most significant contribution due to to the large number of classrooms and laboratories used by the Engineering course. The second major contribution is due to the large investment in equipments, suggesting a concern of the University with an appropriate engineer training. The total emergy of the Engineering course (including information) is 5.20 x 10e19 sej (for a course with duration of five years). This value is much higher than that corresponding to the building construction, due to the high emergy of information. The emergy of the building contributes with 12.1% in the engineers training and the emergy from information received by students accounts for 87.9%. The transformity of the graduated engineer is 7.4 times higher than that of students entering the University. This increase is mainly associated to the knowledge acquired during the five years course. Keywords: Environmental accounting, emergy, university, ungineering, information [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Energetic & Environmental Framework of Biofuels Plants F. D. Soler (Siqueira Castro Advogados)
|
Abstract: This article addresses the variables of energy and environmental of Biofuels Plants, especially when licensed in the State of São Paulo, with focus on the National Planning of the Electricity Sector, the National Plan of Proálcool and Agroenergy, the Bioenergy in São Paulo State Environmental and Licensing Biofuels Plants. Under the National Energy Policy are considered the studies that prioritize the long-term vision of the sector of energy and are developed by the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) and National Energy Plan 2030 (PNE-2030) and the Ten Year Plan for Expansion Electric Energy (PDEE). It is then reviewed the Proálcool, program for the production of ethanol from sugar cane that the federal government sought to encourage in the 70s, the production of alcohol in place of pure gasoline, reducing imports of oil. Recently established the National Plan of Agroenergy, which presents some challenges for ethanol such as the development of technologies sparing of inputs and the elimination or mitigation of environmental impacts. The State of São Paulo, in turn, has said and also established a goal to create a Bioenergy Plan Paulista, considering not only the issues related to national and international markets for ethanol, but also the environmental aspects as management, legal reserve, emissions weather and fire, mechanized harvesting, water consumption and carbon emissions. Finally, this article discusses the administrative procedure of environmental licensing of Biofuels Plants, giving emphasis to studies and reports on environmental impact (EIA / RIMA) of such business, and stating the main environmental variables related to licensing, such as: Public Hearing ; Strategic Ethanol Project Green and Agro-Environmental Protocol; Zoning AE, Agricultural Policy, Master Plan, Soil Use and Occupancy; Impact Assessment Neighborhood, Fauna, Flora; Permanent Preservation Area (APP); Legal Reserve (Reserve Legal); harvest of the Cana - -Sugar; Conservation Units; Compensation Environmental, Water, Waste and Wastewater; Fertirrigação System - Vinhaça, noise emission, Atmospheric Emissions, Environmental Education and Heritage Paleológos, Archaeological and Historical Monuments of Cultural Value. Keywords: Energy, environmental, licensing, biofuels plants [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Energetic-Environmental Assessment of Milk Production Systems in South of Minas Gerais State: Traditional Small Family-Managed Versus “Minas Leite” Program OLIVEIRA, M. W. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In the state of Minas Gerais, which is considered Brazil's top milk producing state, a program named "Minas Leite" (Minas Milk) aims at increasing the productivity of small family-managed agricultural properties by introducing efficient farming management techniques. The program's goal is to reach every small family-managed producer statewide, which would probably result in a social-economical shift within the producing regions. On the other hand, such program focuses on economic and social issues, raising doubts about the actual energetic-environmental cost of its implementation. Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis regarding the energetic-environmental performance between the traditional model of small family-managed milk production and the system intensified by the Minas Leite program, both of which are representatives of the southern region of Minas Gerais state. The embodied energy analysis and the emissions inventory are taken as scientific methodologies. Results show that for the hectare/year functional unit the traditional model performs better as compared to the "Minas Leite", because it demands 295% less energy for its activities (11,454 versus 33,768 MJ/ha/yr) and releases the same percentage ratio of gas emissions to atmosphere, indicating that production intensification requires higher energetic cost and causes higher environmental loading. On the other hand, when considering the amount of milk produced as functional unit, the traditional model performed worse, because it demands 177% more embodied energy than Minas Leite system 17.40 versus 9.83 MJ/Lmilk) and has higher global warming potential (2,675 gCO2-eq./Lmilk ) compared to Minas Leite (1,508 gCO2-eq./Lmilk). Considering that milk production is the main role of the two an alyzed systems, the system intensified by the Minas Leite program has better energetic-environmental performance when compared to the traditional model. Keywords: Milk production, sustainability, embodied energy analisys, gas emissions inventory [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Energetic Inefficiency and Environmental Unsustainability in a Brick Making Industry in Alagoas CALDAS, S. A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Some brick making industries in Alagoas are still using outdated technics and types of kilns. This situation was seen in an enterprise visited in the county of Matriz de Camaragibe which uses a typology of intermittent kiln, locally known as “caieira”. This paper tries to evaluate how and if the performance of this type of kiln could be seen as a model that widely wastes energetic resources. The study dimensions the losses and tries to understand how an industry could keep this equipment operating. The study faced problems, basically, in obtaining data from the operators of this type of kiln. These gaps were filled by the bibliography and data borrowed by similar cases seen in industries located in the same region. The study concluded two convergent aspects: that the losses were derived from the precarious structures of the industry itself; and that, economically and environmentally, the poor performance of the kiln is unbearable. At last, the study considers the necessity of knowledge about how is the energetic and environmental performance of the different types of kilns used by the brick making industry in Alagoas. These data could be used not only to mitigate the damages produced in the environment but, mainly, for limiting the usage of kilns by the brick making industry. That perspective can be decisive for the developing of a technology in which the bricks could be made without usage of a significant amount of heat. Keywords: kiln, brick making industry, sustainability, energetic efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Energetic Inventory in Automotive Industry MURBACH JUNIOR, E.; MANCINI, S. D. (UNESP); GIANELLI, B. F. (IFSP)
|
Abstract: The constant automobile production growing in Brazil has lead the society and industries to review the concepts of product and process development, including environmental concerns. In Brazil, automotive industries develop their products using tools like Eco-Design (DfE – Design for Environmental), (DfR – Design for Recyclability), (DfD – Design for Disassembly) in a shy way. However, lean tools that reduce the production time are widely used. For environmental impact process researches Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the methodology that best adapts to this kind of approach for allowing ecological and economic feasibility studies. The main objective of this paper was to perform a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), restricted to electric power consumption, in a needle roller bearing manufacturing process. The manufacture of this roller bearing comprises 3 production steps: internal and external rings manufacturing, needle manufacturing and cage manufacturing. Considering only the power consumption of the equipment used in the roller bearing manufacturing, the rings production represents 69%, needle manufacturing 27% and cage manufacturing 4%. The heat treatment furnaces used consumes 58% of all electricity used inf the roller bearing production and should be the main focus concerning environmental impact reduction. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Inventory, automotive industry, Roller bearings [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Energy Analysis of the Productive Life Cycle of the MDP Wood-Based panel In Brazil SILVA, D. A. L.; VARANDA, L. D.; ROCCO LAHR, F. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a life cycle study of the MDP (medium density particleboard) produced in Brazil. This study considers an energy analysis of the cradle to gate life cycle of the product, divided into two subsystems: forest production and industrial production. For this, it was assumed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique, normalized by ISO 14040 and 14044 documents, and applying the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) method, that computes the total primary energy used throughout the life cycle. According to results, it was checked that the industrial production subsystem was responsible for the major consumption and losses of energy, wi th 87.0% of the total life cycle energy consumption, and 96.4% of all energy losses. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency use, the industrial production subsystem showed inferior results, with 79.8%, while the for est production subsystem showed 95.0% of efficiency. In this sense, we proposed some improvement opportunities focused on the industrial production subsystem, considering some possibilities of optimization of energy use. We suggested the utilization of wooden residues generated during industrial manufacturing of MDP as an energy resource. This residue could be applied on cogeneration systems, to reduce electricity demand, and also reducing demand for fossil fuels used at energy matrix from industrial production subsystem. Keywords: Forest biomass, MDP wood-based panel, life cycle assessment, energy balance. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Energy Audits: Ecological Sustainable Research Center VELAZQUEZ, L.E.; MUNGUIA, N. E.; HERRERA, J.; ESQUER, J.; ZEPEDA, D.(UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the obstacles to carry out the conduction of an Energy Audit in the Ecological Center of the State of Sonora with the final purpose of increasing the energy efficiency in its facilities. It is called Energy Efficiency (EE) when a reduction is achieved in the amount of electric power and fuels that are used without affecting quality (ACEE, 2017); to achieve EE, it is necessary to promote actions where technological innovation projects are linked (Huitron, 2017) because this type of technology leads to the reduction of energy consumption in order to regulate energy intensity (EI) (Factor Energia, 2017). EI is a relevant development factor to achieve an improvement in energy efficiency (World Energy Council, 2010), and this improvement is achieved through the reduction of energy consuming activities, as well as being more efficient in the use of it energy (Mendiluce and Linares, 2010). Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Energy Audits, Energy Intensity |
||
Energy Consumption vs. Investiments on Electric Sector: A Case Study on Eletrobrás-PI OLIVEIRA, J.C . (Faculdade Santo Agostinho/UNIP); IBIAPINO, T. R. (Faculdade Santo Agostinho); MOURA, L. S. (UNINOVAFAPI), COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to study the evolution of energy consumption in the State of Piauí in relation to investments in renewable energy. Therefore, a bibliographic review was performed to collect the main data. The results show that in the period there was a considerable increase in the consumption of electric energy and few investments in the generation of renewable energy for the State. It was also observed that despite Piauí's potential in clean energy sources, investments continue to grow, giving Piauí a prominent role in the production of renewable energy. Keywords: electricity, energy consumption, renewable energy |
||
Energy Efficiency Assessment of the Brazilian Pre-Salt Petroleum CLASEN, A. P.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The recent discoveries of petroleum storages located at Brazilian coast could push Brazil as an important player in the world energy sector. A large volume offshore petroleum reservoir was found close to Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States; this reservoir is located in deep seawater (8km) after the pre-salt layer. Among others, due to all technological, economic, energetic, environmental and political issues regarding the extraction of this pre-salt petroleum creates challenges at the same time put uncertainties on the potential benefits obtained after its extraction. Focusing on energy issues, the large demand of materials and energy needed to extract the pre-salt petroleum raises doubts about its real energy benefit provided to society. This work assess the energy efficiency of petroleum extracted from the Brazilian pre-salt layer. Results shown an Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of 17.5; this indicates that for 1 Joule of fossil fuel invested on the pre-salt petroleum extraction would provide an average of 17.5 Joules of fossil fuel. This number points out a positive performance for the Brazilian pre-salt petroleum, which is similar to other systems as found in scientific literature; for instance, oil and gas production in China and Canada in 2010 with an EROI of 10 and 15 respectively, and a value from 0.8 to 10 to the ethanol from sugarcane. Keywords: Embodied energy, EROI, Petroleum, Pre-salt layer |
||
Energy Efficiency Based on Cleaner Production Approach on an A/C System within a Wire Harness Industry in the State Of Sonora ESQUER, J.; JUAREZ, B.; ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: This paper shows relevant results on a study conducted into a wire harness industry in the city of Hermosillo,
Sonora, about Energy Efficiency into air conditioning (A/C) system.
The adaptation of the manual from the UN Programme Environment (UNEP) for a cleaner production program with a focus on efficient use of electricity was
used as a guide for the study.
Several options were generated in order to reduce consumption with different solution plans. A compilation of
technical data of the equipment used was necessary, thus making crucial the characterization of the electrical
energy consumption in the production area in KWH and how the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent would be
reduced by the implementation for each of these by taking into consideration the investment and savings plans, leaving top management the decisions for their potential implementation. |
||
Energy Efficiency in Maquiladoras of Electronic Components: A Cleaner Production Approach VELAZQUEZ, L.; ESQUER, J.; GARCIA, R.; VARGAS, N.; VELDERRAIN, R. (UNISON)
|
Abstract: Estimates by the International Energy Agency show that the world’s demand for energy will increase 1.6% annually until 2030; this is mostly due to the rapid growth in the economies of developing countries. Currently, almost two thirds of the world’s energy resources are used in production lines; therefore, not only is energy management an operational and administrative priority for entrepreneurs, but has also become a matter of public and governmental concern. Given the fact that the manufacturing industry is a powerful energy consumer, energy efficiency has become a key element to maintaining competitiveness and core advantages, since not only it does contribute to cut costs and reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG), but it also aids maquiladoras in their efforts to build an image of prestige and repute in the eyes of the competitors, the employees and other stakeholders. It also helps them developing strong policies to grow as a socially responsible company and paves the way to true sustainable development. Despite the obvious economic and social benefits that efficient energy management means for companies and entrepreneurs, the manufacturing industry in developing countries still lacks strong energy policies. It is usually the international corporation that adopts and adapts energy conservation measures in host countries; if only as an extension of similarly built management techniquesused by the parent company in the countries of origin. Energy audits in Mexican maquiladoras have shown diverse results, this is mostly due to lax regulations and lack of rigor in compliance, poor employee training and significant differences in infrastructure and in the size of the plants. Nonetheless, opportunities for improvements have been identified in all maquiladoras audited and could, potentially, greatly reduce energy costs and GHS emissions. Keywords: Energy audits, maquiladora, energy efficiency, energy management systems, cleaner production
|
||
Energy Efficiency; A Step Towards Cleaner Production. An Integrative Case Study of the Meat Processing Industry in Hermosillo, Sonora MUNGUIA, N. E.; POOM, T. G.; VELAQUEZ, L.; ESQUER. J. (UNISON, Mexico)
|
Abstract: The efficient use of resources within industrial systems is a key aspect to consider in order to achieve sustainability, this perspective leads to the necessity to integrate production practices that incorporate economical, ecological and social perspectives limiting the negative impact of industries toward the environment (Blenginin and Shields, 2011). In matters of resource efficiency, energy to empower production processes is now a priority, correspondingly, there is a relevance on the reduction of the use of energy and its negative impacts towards the environment such as carbon emissions. Therefore the intersection of cleaner production and energy efficiency is reinforced as a more integrative approach to achieve sustainability (UNEP, 2004). This work shows the results of the application of energy efficiency audit with the objective to reduce the negative impacts to the environments due the operation of a meat processing industry. In order to increase efficiency and upgrade its competitiveness. Keywords: Energy efficiency, cleaner production |
||
Energy Efficiency Management J. M. A. Godoi; S. Oliveira Junior (USP)
|
Abstract: Starting from the evidence that, in their forms of natural resources extraction, transformation, transportation, storage and energy use, the energy systems interfere in socio-environmental sustainability components, this work establishes the direct and irrevocable correspondence between kilowatt-hour (kWh) or tons of oil equivalent (toe) produced units, which their equivalent pollution emissions, like tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2), nitrogen oxides (tNOx), etc, or human contingents that have to leave their habitat to hydroelectrical plants, etc. In front of this absolute certainty and the high industry energy demand, it’s revealed the crucial necessity of the industrial systems for sistematic energy efficiency programs. This article also demonstrates that, in its activities of planning, production and treatment of final products and waste (of increasing entropy) and in its high level activities, as research and development of new tecnologies, processes, materials and products whose result in best efficiency of resources, the Cleaner Production has connection with the energy and with the energy efficiency. Keywords: Cleaner production, energy efficiency, energy efficiency management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Energy Embodiment on Assembly Phase of Self-Propelled Sugarcane Harvesters MANTOAM, E. J. (CNH Latin America); ROMANELLI, T. L. (ESALQ)
|
Abstract: The energy subject is one the main challenges of 21st century. The geopolitical and environment aspects, they are concern sources to the current economic model. Energy analysis is necessary in order to monitor of scarce natural resources, to supply, a world population in constant growth. Studies of embodied energy in agricultural machinery are rare. The study aimed to determine the embodied energy on assembly phase in the self-propelled sugarcane harvesters. Two models were evaluated, so called: Machine 1 - equipped with wheels and tires; and Machine 2 - equipped with metallic tracks, manufactured by a company located at Piracicaba region, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The consumption of the input used in the assembly phase, was accounted, however, there is no difference in the consumption of those inputs for both machines, because its use from a same infrastructure and assembly time cycle. The consumption data of the inputs were processed, presenting the materials flows used, which they were multiplied by their energy index, resulting in the embodied energy required by the production system. The results show that electricity presented higher embodied energy (16,706.70 MJ). The embodied energy by demanded by labor, as well as, in the infrastructure, was low, could be disregarded. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, industry, mechanization, administration, life cycle analysis
|
||
Energy Generation from Biomass Residues in the Municipality of Xapuri /AC BOYADJIAN, B. L. F. (USP/FAAP); ESCOBAR, J. F. TUDESCHINI, L. G. (USP); SANCHES-PEREIRA, A. (USP/c. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden); COELHO, S. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: The municipality of Xapuri is located in a region characterized by a diverse logging and agricultural expansion. As a result, Xapurihas a great potential for power generation from biomass residues so as to foster its local development. This study estimatesthe theoretical biomass volumes available in the region that has a potential for energy generation. For this, we used a 4 MW steam cycle turbine (Rankine cycle) as the baseline equipment. Our results show that local biomass residues are able to supply the energy demand of 26 houselholds. Keywords: Xapuri municipality, Biomass, Residues, Electricity generation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Energy Planning for the Development of the RECP: A Case Study in the Hotel Sector RODRÍGUEZ TOSCANO, A.D.; GARCÍA SAMPER M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The hotel sector is among the activities with the highest energy consumption, constituting one of its main operating costs. The efficiency in the use of resources and cleaner production (RECP) as a preventive environmental management strategy enables the efficient use of energy through the application of various options and relying on components of the energy management system, such as energy planning. they facilitate the process and allow quantifying their benefits. This article focuses on the study of energy planning tools, their integration in the RECP methodology and their catalytic effect in the development of the same. A case study is presented in a hotel in the city of Barranquilla-Colombia, the energy planning tools support the development of the RECP's application methodology in the case of the hotel, providing relevant information for pre-evaluation, implementation and planning of continuity. Keywords: Energy planning, Efficiency in the use of resources and cleaner production (RECP), Energy management system. |
||
Energy Production from Microalgae Biomass: The Carbon Footprint and Energy Balance MEDEIROS, D. L.; SALES, E. A.; KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Bioenergy sources are promising alternatives for energy production in a sustainable world. Nevertheless many research and detailed analysis are necessary to measure in which circumstances they can contribute to it. This paper focuses on microalgae biomass combustion to produce heat and compares the use of different electricity sources with respect to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and Net Energy Ratio (NER). Some fossil sources were used as reference. The methodology was based on ISO 14040/44 standards and most of the data were obtained from scientific publications. The results showed that NER from microalgae combustion is still disadvantageous compared to fossil options. Microalgae GHG emission s were higher than fossil using the United States e lectricity grid but lower using the Brazilian one. Regardless of the fossil options show slightly better yields related to microalgae in the two categories analyzed, the fossil energy technology is mature and has less space for improvements while microalgae is in its infancy and have many technological solutions being developed. Keywords: Microalgae, Life Cycle Analysis, Greenhouse Gas, Net Energy Ratio.
|
||
Environmental accounting in emergy for a house construction J. G. A. Carvalho; S. H. Bonilla; C. M. V. B. Almeida (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The present study uses the environmental accounting in emergy to analyze a house construction. The energy and materials inflows are evaluated for each stage of the construction. The final emergy flow for the building manufacturing process is 2,07E+17 sej (solar energy joules). The results highlight the environmental cost relative to the different constitutive parts of the building as groundwork, building frame, walls and covering. Materials that are the major emergy contributors are cement, sand and stone. Keywords: Emergy, environmental accounting, building manufacturing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Accounting in Emergy for the Reserves of Clay, Gypsum and Limestone from the Point of View of the Brazilian Population Deficit J. G. A. Carvalho, S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The present study uses the environmental accouting in emergy to evaluate the behavior of the reserves of clay, gypsum and limestone when planned the construction of 4,468 million houses (deficit Brazilian urban population). Through constructive alternatives 3 (blocks of clay brick, concrete block and gypsum blocks) are evaluated the effect on reserves and a discussion is made. The alternative to concrete blocks is that has a smaller impact (investment) in emergy in the three stocks studied. Keywords: Emergy, environmental accounting, building manufacturing, mineral reserves, population deficit [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Accounting in Emergy of Limestone Rock Processing for Agricultural Use CORSINI, I.; SILVA, C. C.; TAGLIAFERRO, K. (IFSULDEMINAS); RODRIGUES, G. S. (Embrapa); LABIGALINI, I.; FRIMAIO, A. (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: This study performs the environmental accounting processing of limestone rock for agricultural use by the emergy synthesis of an enterprise operating in that sector, located in the municipality of Arcos - MG. In agricultural limestone is used in order to correct the soil pH and provide calcium supplement for plants. The environmental accounting literature of agriculture have only used the transformity of limestone. In this sense, the study calculates the transformity of the agricultural lime including its processing. The methodology presents results that are synthetic and easy to understand and that help the pursuit of environmentally correct and sustainable development. The analysis indicates that the total system is emerging of 8.70 E+21 sej / year, resulting in a transformity of 2.81 E +6 sej / J as a co-product of 4.30 and E+6 sej / J as' Split '. Regarding the limestone transformity calculated by Odum (1996, 2000) the Agricultural Limestone represents a 2% increase in co-product and 55% in 'Split'. Keywords: Environmental Accounting, Emergy; Agricultural Limestone [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental Accounting of a Building Used as an English School in Ouro Fino – Minas Gerais LUPINACCI, D. M. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper analyses a building used to hold an English school in the city of Ouro Fino – Minas Gerais. This analysis was made only for the construction of the building using a Brazilian norm that states all the material used to build a house in mass unit per km². Using the methodology in emergy accounting developed by Odum (1996) it shows the percentage of the materials used in the building that holds the English school. According to the emergy analysis it is noted that the material that has been used the most in it is the cement (34.78%) of the total emergy, followed by labor (18.16%), copper (17.70%) and the sand (14.16%). When the analyses is performed by mass unit the material that has been used the most is the cement (48.21%), followed by the sand (35.45%) and the ceramic (4.69%). Keywords: Emergy accounting, transformity, building construction, building maintenance, building use
|
||
Environmental Accounting of ABC Paulista Using the Emergy Synthesis F. Sevegnani, C. M. V. B. Almeida, P. A. Frugoli (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The great growth of the urban population generates a great change in the life style, land use, energy demand and consequent environmental pressure. In this way, studies related to environmental sustainability of urban systems and the availability of natural resources are of major importance. Emergy is considered to be a powerful tool to environmental accounting and measures both natural and human resources to generate products and services. The evaluation through emergy synthesis of cities, states, nations and its base resources provides large scale perspective to evaluation of environmental areas and can help selection of policies for public benefit. This preliminary study applies the emergy synthesis to evaluate the sustainability of the cities that compose the ABC Paulista, accounting the local free renewable resources that give support to the cities. It’s also done an evaluation of the results based on the GDP’s and the HDI’s of each municipality. Keywords: Emergy synthesis, environmental accounting, environmental sustainability, urban systems [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Accounting of Data Centers: Traditional Versus Cloud Computing SALVO, A. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The growing demand for information technology services occurs in parallel to the ongoing technological advances both in the computation and the me ans of communication areas, in which data processing centers (DPC’s) are either constantly updated or implemented. In order to optimize the DPC’s, several concepts and technologies have arisen in the last few years, among which the so-called cloud computing is the most recent one and plays an important role. Such technique allows for improvements in the equipment use rates and, consequently, a reduction in the expenses with electricity and infra-structure. Several studies display the technological and economical benefits from the DPC’s in the clouds. However, there is a call for complementary studies in order to assess the environmental costs for this new technology. In that sense, applying eMergy synthesis features great potential. The aim of this work is to assess the environmental cost for the implantation and operation of DPC’s for academic use by comparing a virtualized environment to a non-virtualized one. Results show that the non-virtualized DPC demands 3,39E+17 seJ/yr, 67% of which refers to operation and maintenance routines, including expenses with electrical energy, labor and communication links. The virtualized DPC demands 86% more eMergy than the non- virtualized one, and its main cost comes from the acquisition of equipment, which reaches 60% of the total eMergy. While the virtualized DPC demands a higher eMergy amount, it is nevertheless advantageous as compared to the non-virtualized one when the benefits provided are accounted, i.e. the number of users and the total processing power (seJ/user and seJ/Benchmark). In a general way, the technique of virtualization tends to offer a better cost-benefit relation when compared to the non-virtualized environment. Keywords: Data Center, Emergy, cloud computing, virtualization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Accounting of Strawberry Conventional Production FRIMAIO, A.; SILVA, C. C.; DALLÓ, A. A. (IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate and present the results
obtained by the emergy account of the strawberry
conventional production process. The strawberry production was evaluated by the environmental indicators and
compared with the orange juice conventional production system from Pereira (2008). The strawberry production
system has its Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR) of 1,53; Emergy Investment Ratio (EIR) of 1,88; Environmental
Load
Ratio (ELR) of 1,88; Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) of 0.81; Emergy per unit value (EUV) of
1,15E+13;
renewable resources percentage (%R) of 34,68%. These numbers show that the strawberry production system
has a better performance than the orange juice when
analyzed with the emergy account technique, if we
consider
both as food products. Keywords: Emergy, strawberry, Environmental indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental accounting: the change of zinc plating for organometallic coatings to enhance performance and to minimize emissions J. F. Faro; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This work evaluates the use of resources by two different surface finishing processess for metallic pieces, using environmental accounting. Organometallic finishing is gradually substituting the traditional electrolytic zinc finishing, as it improves corrosion resistance and diminishes efluent emission. Moreover, organometallic coatings donot use chromium in their composition. Results show that organometallic coatings are environmentally friendlier than zinc coatings. Keywords: Coating, zinc, organometallic, chromium, environmentally friendlier [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental and Economic Assessment of the Adoption of Cleaner Production in Textile Spinning Process OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; SILVA, P. C.; CORREIA, J. M. F.; LUCATO, W. C. (UNINOVE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The energy efficiency and reduced consumption of raw materials in the textile spinning process contribute to the goals to achieve sustainable development in terms of ensure sustainable consumption and production. The aims at developing economic and environmental assessment of the adoption of technological change as a cleaner production action in the textile spinning process. The method adopted was case study and for data collection used interview and observation in two spinning processes in a textile industry. The economic and environmental advantages were calculated based on the reduction of emissions and waste. Used Mass Intensity Factor for environmental analysis. The results measure economic and environmental gains, contributing to the decisionmaking process of new investments and evidence of optimization of raw materials, reduction of electric energy consumption, intermediate reuse and reduction of waste for disposal that are relevant factors to ensure sustainable consumption and production. Keywords: Cleaner production, Sustainable Consumption and Production, technological change, Reduction in energy and raw materials consumption, Textile spinning process. |
||
Environmental and Economic Assessment of the Replacement of Grease based on Mineral Oil for Fiberglass fabric with Teflon® as Release Agent in Dubbing Process STALTER, C. F.; MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The search of the companies by cleaner and more sustainable technologies has grown considerably. An alternative is the Cleaner Production actions (CP), aimed at non-generation, minimization or recycling. In this sense, this work aims to seek and apply CP concepts in the dubbing process of a company located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. In this particular case, dubbing, also known as collage, is held in a cabine with cubic format, whose sticky material is polyurethane adhesive. As the adhesive is applied onto the substrate, which is done with a specific gun, as a result of that a mist formation occurs and therefore its deposition concentrate on the walls of the cabin. Eventually adhesive layers are formed which must be removed and discarded as waste. In order to prevent sticking and facilitate removal of this residue, the walls were covered with grease based on mineral oil, and which turned the contaminating residue as class I (dangerous). With stocks of CP, we sought to eliminate the need of grease. To assess the feasibility of modifying the bonding process, the economic and environmental evaluation was performed. A better option would be to remove grease by a product that act in the same way. A release agent was tested: fiberglass fabric with Teflon, an excellent non-stick. As the tests showed satisfactory results, the product was applied to the walls of the cabin and began to replace the grease. Thus, we observed a reduction of costs, reduction in cabin cleaning time, not generating waste grease, possibility of reuse of polyurethane residue, eliminating contact between the operator and grease, transforming a residue class I (dangerous) in a residue class II (not inert) and financial return of the amount invested in 1.1 months. Keywords: Cleaner production, Collage Booth , polyurethane adhesive, grease, Teflon® [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Implementation of Cleaner Production of Polymers in a Company OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. UNINOVE/UFSCar); SHIBAO, F. Y.; CHAVES, L. E. C.; SANTOS, L. C. (UNINOVE); GODINHO FILHO, M. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental and economic advantages of implementing the Cleaner Production in a plastic manufacturing company in the closed-loop recycling of polymers. The research methodology was qualitative single case study, developed through semi-structured interviews and participant observation and quantitative through Wuppertall method to evaluate the environmental gains. The results of the research show economic and environmental advantages fairly representative. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Polymer Recycling, Environmental Advantage, Advantage economical
|
||
Environmental and Economic Benefits in the Implementation of Cleaner Production in a Galvanic Company G. C. de Oliveira Neto (UNINOVE), O. Vendrametto (UNIP), L. E. C. Chaves (UNINOVE) |
Abstract: The chemical components, base of surface treatment processes generate chemical waste and effluents that will drastically affect the environment and causes serious health problems in the population. The main objective of this study is to show the economic and environmental advantages in the implementation of Cleaner Production (CP) in wastewater treatment in a galvanic plant. In this study occurred on proper disposal of solid waste and water reuse in the production process while eliminating the plastic blister packaging equipment and investment in rationing electricity. In particular it will show the calculation of return on investment and the comparison between the economic and environmental gains resulting from the implementation of Cleaner Production. The results were obtained at first by means of qualitative research, reviewing the literature, then exploratory case study participant observation. In possession of the data, we assessed the economic and environmental advantages. For the evaluation of environmental benefits will be used the methodology of Material Intensity (Wuppertal Institute). The tool was applied to assess the benefits on the scale of the biosphere as a result of emissions reduction intervention on behalf of P + L. Keywords: Cleaner production, economic advantage, environmental advantage, galvanic plant [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental and Energetic Performance Evaluation of Mouthwashes with Different Sensorial Aspect from a Latin American Plant LOPES, L. C.; KULAY, L. (USP)
|
Abstract: Personal care industry is competitive and consumers’ opinion – based on sensorial perception – is decisive for success of a product or brand. In this context, environmental factor may be a market differential. Hence, this study compared energetic and environmental performance related to the production of 1.0 m3 of two mouthwashes which meet different consumers for organoleptic aspects, but presenting the same primary function. The evaluation was conducted according to Life Cycle Assessment technique. This brought up that Product ‘A’, a formula with short chain alcohol, presents Primary Energy Demand equal to 77.4 GJ/FU, while Product ‘B’, containing alcohol with multiple hydroxyl groups, requires 20.3 GJ/FU. In terms of impacts from emissions, Product ‘A’ again demonstrated lower performance versus Product ‘B’. In this case, unfavorable results of Climate Change, Agricultural Land Occupation and Water Depletion categories are pointed out. For all these impacts, significant contribution of inerting fluid is noticed in Product ‘A’ processing. Thus, consumption quantity of this utility material was varied for a Sensitivity Analysis. As reference for this estimative, the equivalence between Climate Change performance of ‘A’ and ‘B’ was assumed. In this condition, Product ‘A’ Primary Energy Demand decreased to 38.8 GJ/FU: a 50% reduction. In other exploratory assessment, Carbon Balance was carried out to both products, which sequestered CO2 portions from air were incorporated and biogenic quantity of the same compound was emitted to atmosphere. From this perspective, environmental performance of ‘A’ significantly surpassed ‘B’, since the first product was able to capture more carbon than its emission. The conclusions of this study are useful for future developments which can be implemented in the product systems of both personal care items. Keywords: personal care; environmental performance; energetic performance; LCA; chemical processes |
||
Environmental Assessment of Natural Resources Located in Urban Areas: A Case Study in the Bacia do Pina and Parque dos Manguezais T. B. Jerônimo (UFPE)
|
Abstract: Population growth in urban centers causes the reorganization of space, causing serious consequences, and long-term shortages of natural resources. In this sense, there is a preoccupation with the measures for conservation of natural resources in metropolitan areas as the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco. The importance of this work is the proposition preservation and conservation measures in areas affected by the inappropriate use of natural resources. This article analyzes the environmental impacts, using the method of Rodrigues et al. (2000), suffered by the Bacia do Pina (this consists of rivers, and represents a key element in the dynamics of estuarine ecosystem) and the Parque dos Manguezais (one of the last remnants of mangrove preserved at Recife). It was observed that these areas suffer from the ground due to speculation - building, highway and proximity to a shopping mall near by the mangrove, deteriorating by the deposit of waste affected by the disorder of the urban area, among other factors. This shows the indifference of the public on these sites and the need to integrate the community on environmental issues. Keywords: Urban space, natural resources, preservation, conservation and tourism [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Assessment of the Production of Sunflower Oil Epoxidized Esters Seeking Employment in the Machining A. L. Klafke, F. Bock, M. Schneider, R. C. S. Schneider, J. A. R. Moraes (UNESP) |
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the production of sunflower oil epoxidized methyl order to their implementation in cutting fluids for machining process. The steps of epoxide ester producing were inventoried and the impacts were analyzed in an interaction Leopold matrix. The impact relationship were 170 and 48.8% were identified. 18% of the identified impacts were positive, corresponding to economic gains for the region and 82% were negative, corresponding to the use of solvent, solid waste generation, energy consumption for heating and accidental release of organic vapors into the atmosphere. The interaction of these impacts with the biotic and anthropic environment is temporary and reversible, and most are direct and scope local. The production of these epoxides, because they are by catalysis and allow the reuse of raw materials, may be a promising alternative and cleaner for the replacement of components in the formulation of cutting fluids in machining activities. Keywords: Epoxides, cleaner production, metal cutting, sunflower, biocatalysis [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Assessments of Transportation Biofuels in Europe: A Survey C. P. Pappis; E. C. Petrou (University of Piraeus - Greece)
|
Abstract: A substantial transportation biofuels sector is present in the EU-27 countries raising controversy about their environmental impacts. A survey of the literature regarding assessments of these impacts is presented, following a brief outline of the EU-27 biofuels production. The main assessments’ results, based on extensive search in sources of scientific evidence and information related to the paper’s topic, are cited and compared, combined with a discussion about these findings. Several conclusions are drawn and comments are made regarding, among others, the “splash and dash” system of European biodiesel, the uncertainty in the parameters related to LCIA of biofuels, the economic basis of their environmental impacts, the insufficient treatment of the land use impact category, etc. Keywords: Biodiesel, bioethanol, environmental impacts, LCIA |
||
Environmental Benefits of Water Recovery in a Tilapia Production System, by Using Emergy Environmental Accounting J. L. Pierobom; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The emergy environmental accounting developed by Odum was applied to evaluate the water recovery system used to treat water released from a tilapia production system known as acquaponic. For this purpose, the whole acquaponic system (including the water recovery process by a coupled rhizospheric-hydroponic system) was compared with the same tilapia production system but in the absence of the water recovering system. The present work aims to quantify the emergy environmental benefits when water is treated and recover through the coupled rhizospheric-hydroponic system. Benefits related to renewable inputs (R) were negligible but purchased inputs (F) show an emergy decrease of 29% when water is recovered inside the acquaponic system. Also tilapia transformity shows an improvement of 24 % with water recover. Emergy flow difference resulted from water recovering is 5,86x10e15 sej, representing an improvement of global efficiency of 25%. The emergy sustainability índex shows that both systems are within the range of non-sustainability. Even so, water recovering inside the acquaponic systems enables an improvement of 50%. Keywords: Environmental accounting, emergy, aquaculture, water recovery, tilapias [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Dimension Rating of the ISE Member Companies of BM&FBOVESPA in 2013 DI AGUSTINI, C. A. (USCS); VENDRAMETTO, L. P (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Stock market is the place where companies can raise capital, stimulating entrepreneurial activity and generating capital accumulation. Investors seek to invest in sustainable companies. Given this demand, in Brazil, it was created in 2005, the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) - a pioneering initiative in Latin America a nd fourth indicator of the kind in the world, comparing the performance of companies listed on the Securities, Commodities and Futures (BM&FBOVESPA) under the aspect of sustainability. It is a stock index benchmark for socially responsible investments, comprised of companies that excel in sustainability in the long term. The ISE is a tool for benchmarking the performance of companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA. The purpose of this index is to create an investment environment compatible with the demands of sustainable development of society and encourage more sustainable practices in businesses. Investments in sustainable companies create shareholder value in the long term because they are more prepared to face economic, social and environmental risks. Integrating ISE is like having a seal of quality recognized by the market as a company that operates with sustainability. For the 40 companies comprising the ISE in 2013, it is considered as a critical environmental impact that one which in terms of technical, social or legal criteria (severity, reversibility, magnitude, spatial extent), demands specific actions for prevention, control and monitoring. However, the ISE do not include the impact of the economic ladder when they classify the environmental dimension of business activities/enterprises in terms of potential pollution and use of renewable and nonrenewable environmental resources. According to the classification of potential pollution and use of natural resources, 12 companies are not classified by the ISE in 2013. When considering the impact of the economic scale of the companies comprising the ISE, assigning weights (intensity 3 = low, 6 = average and 9 = high) to the respective impacts of environmental ISE, widening the original classification ISE, enabling stakeholders to measure interference of these compa nies according to classification by the impact of the economic scale. Keywords: ISE BM&FBOVESPA, potential pollution, use of environmental resources, economic scale ranking impact
|
||
Environmental, Economic and Technical Performance: A Comparative Study of Carrier Bags CARVALHO, J. S.; MACEDO, J. R. N.; OLIVEIRA, S. A.; ROSA, D. S. (UFABC)
|
Abstract: The concept of sustainable development arose from the questioning about the availability and rate of consumption of natural resources. The methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the concept of Eco-efficiency have been making a high contribution to the literature. The main objective of these is to manage sustainability with results that clarify less impacting alternatives to a process or product. In this context, the unfavorable scenario of the inadequate final destination of the plastic material after its use needs further deepening. The present article presents results of an analysis performed comparing different materials for application in disposable bags according to NBR ISO 14040 standard series. Biodegradable bags developed with Ecovio® compositions (biodegradable polymer, composed of poly (butylene adipate coterephthalate) (PBAT) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Ecoflex® (based on PBAT), Economical and technical analysis of these compositions was compared with conventional alternatives (kraft paper bag - PAPEL and polyethylene - PE). The simultaneous balance with environmental, economic and technical impact indicators was carried out to verify the alternatives with the best behaviors. In the development of the analysis were used methodologies that evaluate both environmental performance and also characterize polymer films. The results showed that among the 12 categories analyzed, the most relevant were Solid Residues / Energy Consumption (environmental performance) and Contact Angle / Water Sorption (technical performance). Conventional bags did not obtain a financial return after final destination, however they presented the lowest cost throughout the life cycle. Finally, the combined Environmental Impact and Characterization matrices showed that the ECO sample presented the best balance, showing the lowest environmental impact and a satisfactory technical performance. Keywords: Biodegradable polymers, disposable bags, Life Cycle Assessment, Characterization of polymers [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental efficiency as enhanced productivity generating factor - Presentation of the results obtained in a ceramic industry from Ceará State C. H. A. Bezerra (SENAI-CETAE); J. A. Gomes (UFC); K. M. A. Morais (SENAI-CETAE); I. C. Mattos (UFC); R. B. Silveira (SENAI-CETAE)
|
Abstract: The research was carried through in the Cajazeiras Ceramics, industry of the ceramic sector located in Cascavel-Ceará. The main products produced and commercialized for the company are sealing blocks, flagstone and structural blocks. Clay is the main raw material. Effluent liquids, solid residues and atmospheric emissions are generated during production. Solid residues are generated from the loss of materials for defects in the finished product. A production of more than 2500 thousand-pieces of blocks damaged per year is esteemed. The consumption of water, raw material, energy and solid residues production per product were defined as environmental indexes, with the aim to identify consumption rate per ceramics block produced, besides identifying the economic loss generated by waste of blocks damaged during production. With this analysis, some alternatives were suggested for minimizing production of residues, effluent and emissions, inside the Program of Cleaner Production, such as modifications in the product, change of technology, reuse and recycling, composting, alterations in the process, among others. From the evaluation of the data collected, the company was divided into sectors (preparation, extrusion and burning) for identification of opportunities and/or problems, plan of action and strategies, barriers and necessities, besides the identification of the priority level. Due to the use of an inadequate extruder nozzle, the extrusion process of the ceramic blocks presented an index of verified reworking of up to 30%. With the switch to a new and balanced nozzle, a decrease of 12% in the index of re-work was verified, generating a better exploitation of the natural resources and energy and, consequently, faring better indices of productivity and income. Associated with the technological improvement of the change of the nozzle, a survey of impurities was carried through that allowed for the planning of a more adequate handling of the extraction and preparation of the clay, allowing the clay to get into the productive free of impurities, thus faring better production results. Through in loco surveys, it was evidenced that the use of single door Hoffman ovens generates a consumption 0,08m³/thousand-piece-pack higher than with the use of double doors. As for environmental improvements: lower consumption of firewood per produced piece. At the end of one year we will have an area of 36Ha of non-deforested bushes of bioma caatinga, considering that 1ha of bioma caatinga bushes produces 52m³ of native firewood (data from FIERN), providing a lower environmental impact than the one before the implementation of the Program of Cleaner Production. Keywords: Cleaner production, ambient impact, solid residues, generation of effluent [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Friendly Food. Choice Experiment to Assess Consumer’s Attitude Toward “Climate Neutral” Milk: The Role of Information LOMBARDI, G. V.; BERNI, R.; ROCCHI, B. (University of Florence, Italy)
|
Abstract: The livestock sector has a high impact in terms of carbon footprint. Lowering GHG emission from the livestock sector deals with implementing climate neutral production techniques in a cost effectiveness way and with developing market communication to make carbon free milk competitive with alternative products. This study aimed at analyzing how information and communications could impact on the consumer’s attitude toward climate neutral fresh milk. The research focused on a case study carried out in Tuscany among a sample of supermarket customers, to assess consumer attitude toward fresh climate neutral milk using choice experiments methods. The participants were asked to attend a focus group meeting made of four different sessions. During the first session participants were asked to fill a background questionnaire and to watch a short documentary video showing the climate change risks. A second session consisted in a choice experiment in which participants were presented with 12 choices, each describing a scenario in which the milk key attributes were planned at different levels (price, organic labeling and carbon footprint labeling). During a third session the focus group discussions was developed following a semi-structured debate about environmental labeling, climate neutral labeling and the environmental impact of individual’s purchasing behavior. In the last fourth session participants were asked to express their preferences on the choice-sets with the same scenarios presented in the second session, in order to assess variation in individual WTP toward climate neutral and organic milk. Results show that information could play a role in changing consumer attitude toward carbon free products. Keywords: Carbon footprint, choice experiments, food, consumer behaviour. Multinomial discrete choice models
|
||
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Structural Ceramics Industry as a Cleaner Production Tool SANTOS, JR., E. L.; LIED, E. B.; ACERGO, C. V. (UNIOESTE); FAQUIM, V. (UTFPR); FRARE, P. R.; MOREJON, C. (UNIOSTE)
|
Abstract: The manufacture of ceramic materials is one of the oldest industrial processes and after the development of numerous technologies worldwide, the ceramic industry plays an important role in the Brazilian economy. The process of manufacturing ceramic artifacts consists basically of four stages, namely: preparation of the raw material and the mass, formation of the parts, heat treatment and the finishing step. In parallel with this process, there are environmental concerns, since several residues are generated by this activity in each of the above stages, which will vary with the ceramic typology, ie, with a red or white base. The structural ceramics industry, also known as red ceramics, produces perforated bricks, massive bricks, slabs or slabs, structural and structural blocks, tiles, shackles and rustic floors. It is a basic activity, when making civil construction, in general, from the simplest to the most sophisticated. The present study aimed to demonstrate the process of manufacturing redbased ceramic artifacts, analyzing the potential for degradation to the environment, as well as presenting possibilities of applicability of the cleaner production methodology in this sector, with a view to optimizing the production process, reducing Of the generation of waste in the generating sources, as well as the possibility of transforming some waste into co-products, minimizing the use of raw materials and inputs. In relation to the methodology applied in the development of this work, it is classified as basic, qualitative, descriptive and bibliographical. The literature review indicated the existence of low technological density in the ceramic sector in Brazil. The sector of the red ceramic industry is little dynamic in the development of new products. Keywords: red ceramics, environmental impact, reduction, waste, production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Impact Assessment under the view of the elaborators and their Knowledge Management activities C. V. Viegas; C. S. C. R. Coelho; P. M. Selig (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Multidisciplinary action, founded on team’s experiences, but few systematized and highly individualized. These are some of the features of the nowadays Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practices according their elaborators. This paper presents a theoretical scheme developed to analyse Knowledge Management in EIA, and some results of a survey carried out with 33 EIA’s consultants. We investigate acquisition, validation and integration knowledge processes, as well as the elaborators’ perceptions regarding to the EIA’s aims. Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, knowledge management, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Impact of Agriculture: Ecological Aspects and Need for Changes DEUS, R. M. (Independent Researcher)
|
Abstract: In recent decades, changes that have occurred in agricultural production systems have caused a major environmental impact, which includes the planet and mankind. Agriculture has expanded the use of pesticides, abused water resources and soil unduly. However, researchers have sought better and more sustainable alternatives to assist in the development of agriculture. As the use of natural substances to prevent pests instead of pesticides, the use of soil and water, such as drip irrigation, which provides development for the plant and water savings. Therefore this study is aimed to show the ecologic impacts of agriculture and to propose investment solutions for a sustainable and long lasting development. Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, environmental impact, organic farming, ecology. |
||
Environmental Impacts and Biodiesel Production in Pilot Scale J. Kaercher; R. C. S. Schneider; R. A. Klamt; W. L. T. Silva; W. L. Schmatz (UNISC)
|
Abstract: The biodiesel production in pilot scale could be accomplished with minimum environmental impact. In this work was evaluate a prototype produces at UNISC for production of sunflower oil biodiesel using Leopold interaction matrix. It was consider the process stages and the actions for minimization of the environmental impact this equipment. It was observe that after the needs environmental actions for improvement of equipment it was reduce the environmental impact during biodiesel production. Therefore, the impact in relation to order (direct or indirect), time (long, average or short term), dynamics (permanent or temporary) and of plasticity (reversible or irreversible) was reduces and, it can be observed as a positive actions control, when adopted, they had affected the ambient factors in its excellent characteristics and allow to greater the sustainability of the process. Keywords: Biodiesel, environmental impacts, pilot scale [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Impacts Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Soybean in Brazil O. Cavalett; E. Ortega (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from soybean in Brazil. For this objective it were used the environmental impact indicators provided by emergy accounting method, the embodied energy analysis and the material flow accounting. Results show that energy content in a liter of biodiesel is only 2.3 times greater than the fossil-based energy required to produce it. The transformity of biodiesel (4.59E+05 seJ/J) is higher than those calculated for fossil fuels (coal, 6.70E+04 seJ/J; natural gas, 8.04E+04 seJ/J; oil 9.05E+04 seJ/J; gasoline and diesel, 1.11E+05 seJ/J) and also for other biofuels (Ethanol from sugarcane, 3.15E+05 seJ/J; Biodiesel from sunflower, 2.31E+05 seJ/J) indicating a higher demand for resources. Similarly, the biodiesel emergy yield ratio was 1.46, while it ranges from 3 to 7 for fossil fuels indicating lower net emergy that is delivered to consumers. When crop production and industrial conversion to fuel are supported by fossil fuels (considered as non renewable energy sources) in the form of chemicals, goods, and process energy, the fraction of fuel that is actually renewable is low (around 25%). In this way, the future of biodiesel production is very likely to be linked to the ability of clustering biofuels production with other agro industrial activities at an appropriate scale and mode of production to take advantage of the potential supply of valuable co-products. Keywords: Emergy accounting, energy balance, material flow accounting, soybean biodiesel |
||
Environmental Impacts of the Brazilian Shrimp Culture K. R. Tancredo, R. O. Nobrega, T. Dias, K. R. Lapa (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The possible environmental impacts caused by shrimp culture affect the biological, social and physical area, due to the launch of its effluents in water used in public. Non adequately managed farms may cause several problems. These problems are the appearance and fast dissemination of diseases. The environmental degradation due to high concentration of nutrients. Low quality food results in greater quantity of phosphorus and organic matter release. The shrimp production is an alternative to social development, but it can also generate social impacts. It can cause the expulsion of aquaculture local farmers from their local of work. This can socially exclude the traditional communities’ dependents on the mangrove. The ecosystem and landscape degradation is related to the physic impact. The risks of land cover loss, reduction of protected areas, soil salinization are potential impacts to the area of shrimp production. The shrimp production should be adequately planed. If it does not happen it causes several environmental impacts that harm the nearby environment. In other hand, if it is adequately organized it may become environmentally positive. Besides, there is a problem about the mangroves areas. These areas are destroyed to the implementation of shrimp farms. There is a great biological impact because several species lost their habitat. As these impacts advance it may affect the bio atrophic interface, affecting the humans. This paper has a bibliographical review about the main impacts caused by the shrimp culture. These impacts are related to organic matter discharge from bad management practices. This economic activity is growing because it is an alternative to the extractive fish industry but it also contributes to the marine environment degradation. In order to minimize the environmental impacts is take decisions to promote mitigating actions and improve the technology to produce shrimp. These actions include the super-intensive production, use of macrophytes, bioflocs and quality food. The use of macrophytes to treat the liquid effluent minimize the impacts on the aquatic systems, reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus availability. The biofloc shrimp culture technology consists in the use of heterotrophic bacteria that are naturally present in the aquatic environment. The bacteria are capable of assimilate nitrogen compounds and convert it in to biomass when carbon sources are available. Keywords: Shrimp culture, environmental impacts, sustainable development, mitigating actions [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Indicators of the Industrial Companies in São Paulo F. Hourneaux Junior (UNIP), H. Hrdlicka, I. Kruglianskas (USP) |
Abstract: A major challenge for organizations is to establish an appropriate measure for their performance, considering the growing need for inclusion of more stakeholders other than the traditional ones and issues related to sustainability, such as the insertion of a Triple Bottom Line approach - which comprises the economic, social and environmental dimensions. The aim of this paper is to highlight the use of indicators within the environmental dimension, using as its basis the proposal of the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). The field research is of the survey type and had the participation of 149 companies both in the industry sector and associated to CIESP (Center of Industries of the State of São Paulo). Its main results suggest different uses of environmental indicators, with an emphasis on those more directly linked to the industrial productive processes. Keywords: Environmental indicators, performance measurement, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
|
||
Environmental Impacts of the Potential Nationalization of the Production of Li-Ion Cells for Electric Vehicle Batteries in Brazil VELANDIA VARGAS, J. E.; MANZI, G. H.; COOPER, R. E.; SEABRA, J.; ANHOLON, R. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Life Cycle Assessment in order to compare the benefits of a potential nationalization of the production of Li-Ion battery cells in Brazil. To elaborate the analysis, several sources of the specialized literature and the Brazilian productive sector were consulted to modify the Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) for battery cells, present in Ecoinvent V 3.1. The results, obtained through the CML2000 method, indicate that potential nationalization of batteries would cause a product that has disadvantages in five of nine categories of environmental impact compared to a battery that reflects conditions of production in the world average. Additionally, it has been found that the anode and cathode are the main contributors to most impact categories. Finally, impact contributions throughout the manufacturing process lifecycle were analyzed, without including final provision, for three categories of impact: global warming, human toxicity and eutrophication, in order to look for the critical or major contribution steps. The results for global warming show that aluminum production is the main contribution due to the intensive use of energy in aluminum production. Regarding human toxicity and eutrophication the results show that the extraction of metals such as copper are linked to the greatest impacts. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Inventories, Lithium Battery Cell, Product Nationalization, Electric Vehicles |
||
Environmental labelling - a study on NR's M. F. Preussler; M. Vaz; J. A. R. Moraes; D. A. R. Lopez (UNISC)
|
Abstract: Currently it is possible to note that the society seeks to consume environmentally correct and healthy products. Several countries, as manifestation of environmental concern, adopted voluntary mechanisms of environment labelling with attribution of "green stamps" to products that meet criteria of control previously established. In this direction, the environmental labelling is becoming a powerful instrument of market, suggesting the importance of analyzing the related laws and elaborating studies on this subject, since the Programs of Environment Labelling were created, mainly, like a result of a change in the standards of consumption and production. It was noticed, by the analyses that the environment labelling can help to contribute in the formation of the consumer environmental concerns, in sight of the standards of production and consumption. The environment labels configure a system information of the origin of the product, the studies of life cycle evaluation and if a process uses clean technologies. Keywords: Environmental labelling, green stamp, ambiental education [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Management on the Project of Serra do Mar´s New Immigrants Highway: Study case D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CNEN-São Paulo); L. Martins (UniABC); A. F. Margarido (Figueiredo Ferraz Consultoria e Eng. de Projetos)
|
Abstract: The Environmental Management System considers restrictions on the project, on the product or on the service, by environmental agencies as challenges to innovation and creating solutions that will provide sustainable development. This is the ecological philosophy that can be found in this project of the New Immigrants highway, where specialists through a scientific methodology solved a complex equation, involving the environmental aspect versus the impact, whose solution produces sustainable development. The implementation of Environmental System in the project brought the commitment in favour of two pillars of management: to prevent the environment impact and the continuous improvement of this project. One could say that the project met the goal to satisfy the socio-economic interests of the population of São Paulo, and produced benefits such as: environmental benefit, through the production of a work environmentally clean, with a reduction of the intervention in the forest reserve, technical advantage, to enter the rock mass, reduced the trajectory of the highway with more quality and institutional advantage, by providing a good institutional image among the public and governmental departments. Keywords: Environmental management, New Immigrants highway, sustainable development, environmental impact [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Management Program at Tyco Electronics L. Velázquez, R. E. R. Medina, N. Munguía, J. Esquer (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: The project "Environmental Management Program in Tyco Electronics' aims to help on preventing, eliminating and / or reducing environmental and occupational hazards that are generated in the production process of one of the company's work teams. To achieve this, we will work on the development of an environmental management program that reduces the generation of pollutants and waste in this production line. In a society increasingly aware of the need to protect natural resources and environment, the company Tyco Electronics has the need to start with this type of project due not only to state and national standards that regulate corporations But also as a strategy to reduce costs and increase competitiveness, and especially for its social commitment to preserve and conserve the environment. The team that is going to be in charge of the EMP has experience in developing and implementing such programs within the company. In addition, the company has an approach on caring for the environment, facilitating the teamwork among the rest of the staff of the company. Keywords: Pollution prevention, cleaner production
|
||
Environmental Management Promotion through Collaborative Activities: the Project Quatro+ Experience C. Henkels; B. Frank (FURB); A. Grothe-Senf (Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft (FHW) - Berlin - Germany)
|
Abstract: This paper describes the Project Quatro+, an experiment designed to promote cleaner production in small and medium size companies around the city of Blumenau. The project develops collaborative activities between university and companies, mainly workshops and consultancy. Industrial Engineering students take part in all steps of the project. The project is developed as part of a cooperation program between German and Brazilian Universities, financed by CAPES and DAAD. At the local level it is supported also by Municipal Environmental Foundation of Blumenau and by Regional Labor Agency. The results shown that the project succeeded in having management and technical improvements in the companies, and also in the organizational learning among the eco-teams. However, it also shows that environmental legislation is difficult to be dominated by small and medium -sized businesses. Keywords: Clean production, environmental management, learn organization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Management System and the Pillar of the Environment - Eletronorte Rondônia Experience for the Sustainable Production of Electricity F. I. B. S. Bastos, J. M. Degan, E. Temporim Filho (Eletrobrás Eletronorte-Brasil)
|
Abstract: This work shows the development and implementation of the results of the Environmental Management System, and the experience of Eletronorte in Rondônia to reduce losses and hazards in the electric power plants, from TPM Program (Total Productive Manager), whose goal is zero loss. This system is crucial for the compatibility of corporate goals, environmental sustainability, allied to the principles of clean production of energy, values of great significance in the Amazon. Its implementation demonstrates the company’s commitment to environmental issues, reducing risk and incidence of environmental fines, and describes the advantages and difficulties of implementation. Keywords: Environment, power, sustainability, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental Management System ISO 14001: Comparative Analysis of Business Sectors between Regions and Countries CAMPOS, L. M. S.; SANTOS, T. H. S.; SPENASSATO, D.; TRIERWEILLER, A. C.; BORNIA, A. C.; CARVALHO, D. N. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The enterprises show growing concerns regarding environmental issues, which can no longer be treated in isolation, because they are part of a system that requires planning, implementation, monitoring and continuous improvement, ie the implementation of Environmental Management Systems. Thus, this article aims to analyze the growth of ISO 14001 certifications in industries, worldwide, between regions and countries. The article was built by literature review and document analysis with the acquisition of the database provided by ISO - International Organization for Standardization (ISO, 2011). It has a quantitative and descriptive focus, having been made the processing and analysis of data with the help of Excel spreadsheets and descriptive statistical techniques using the Statistica® software, version 7.0. The analyses occurred in four steps: (i) Grouping of valid certifications in 39 industrial sectors in 2010 for each country into regions, (ii) Separation of valid certifications in industry in 2010 by the countries of Latin America (20 countries), South America (11 countries) and Brazil (iii) The regions were the focuses - 2006 to 2010 - to identify the sectors with the largest number of certifications and annual growth, and (iv) The analysis of data on emissions ISO 14001 from 2006 to 2010 by industry sector and by region. It consisted of some intersections based on techniques such as cluster analysis and descriptive measures of data. The main results are that: Brazil is the country with the largest number of certifications (885) Latin America, while Guyana has no certifications, this may be a consequence of low industrial development, and there is no pressure to deployment of Environmental Management Systems. The sector that had the highest number of certifications in Latin America and Brazil was the Basic metal & fabricated metal products, because Brazil is a major exporter of iron ore, impacting in the leadership of this sector. The country with the highest growth in number of certifications in 2010 was China. The growth largest of certifications was in 2008 with 22%, while in 2010 the increase was 12%. There is an evident concern with the implementation of Environmental Management Systems and ISO 14001 certification, exceeding market issues and becoming a key differentiator for building the company's image. This article is not intended to exhaust all possibilities of research; the data available can be used in different ways, with applying other statistical techniques. Keywords: Environmental Management System, EMS, ISO 14001, Cluster Analysis |
||
Environmental Performance Comparison of Carbon Black Production Process with the Implementation of Environmental Control Actions C. P. Monteiro (Axia Value Chain-SP) |
Abstract: This study presents initiatives to improve the environmental performance applied in a specific sector of chemistry industry – carbon black production. The first step of this project was to study all the manufacturing technologies off carbon black in Brazil and abroad and understand all the energy and mass flows in the manufacturing step in order to indentify all environments aspects. The second step was to identify the major environmental aspects and impacts in order to propose Cleaner Production initiatives – enhance efficiency in the use of natural resources; energy and raw materials; reduction, reuse and recycling all effluents generated (solid, liquid and gaseous), which provide environmental, occupational health and economics benefits. This project also considered the adoption of Environmental Post- Combustion Control techniques applied for the wastewater treatment and air pollution control system associated in the industrial process to attend environmental regulations and decrees. Is important to point that the benefits generated are classified according to the approach used (cleaner production initiatives or environmental post-combustion control). As final result of this study was obtained the improvement of environmental performance of carbon black both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and proposed various management actions to reduce the environmental impacts of this activity, for example: reduction of 100% wastewater sent out to the environment (total wastewater generated is reused), reduction of the energy used (100% to electricity energy and savings in thermal energy sources) and approximately 80% of reduction in nitrogen oxide emitted into the atmosphere (NOx), and others improvement. Keywords: Carbon black production, environmental performance, cleaner production, best practices [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Performance Comparison of Two Microalgae Oil Production Routes CHIUMENTO, G.; BARRANTES, L. S. (UTFPR); TAHER, D. M.; BALMANT, W.; PEIXOTO, P. R. (UFPR); UGAYA, C. M. L. (UTFPR); VARGAS, J. V. C.; MARIANO, A. B. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Among the various types of biodiesel surveyed, one type is biodiesel produced from biomass of microalgae oil. It has potential to be a promising biomass in the production of biodiesel since microalgae present great accumulation of lipids and fast photosynthetic growth when compared to other vegetable crops. Its production includes four main steps: cultivation of microalgae, biomass separation, oil extraction and transesterification. The present study aims to compare the environmental performance of the extraction step by wet and dry route. It was used the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique for comparative decision-making in case of the practice being adopted on a large production scale. In addition, simulations identified the points of environmental improvement of processes. The scenarios created and the analyses carried out indicated that the most critical point of the dry route is the great amount of electricity involved in step of biomass drying and this must be targeted for optimization. In the wet route, the use of citric acid was shown to be more problematic and is recommended to find alternatives for replacing this substance by another with the same function and lower impact. On both routes, the recovery of the solvent hexane showed environmental benefits and additionally in the wet route, ethanol recovery must occur in order to improve the performance of the process. For decision-making about which route to take, it is evident that the dry route presents major advantages. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Microalgae Oil, Biodiesel [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental Performance Evaluation - A New Tool for the Industry MACENO, M. M. C.; PAWLOSKY, U.; MACHADO, K. S.; SELEME, R. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Several tools are available in the literature to evaluate environmental performance. However, there is a lack of scientifically addressed analytical tools focusing industrial processes. Thus, based on a literature review, this study aimed to construct and test a new analytical tool for environmental performance evaluation specifically in the industry. This tool named EPIP (Environmental Performance of Industrial Processes) has as main function to identify environmental aspects with worst performance and to drive decision-making toward environmental improvements. In order to assess the effectiveness of EPIP, this tool was applied in a manufacturing industry packaging yogurt cup. The analysis of the results showed that the environmental aspects with worst performance were related to the thermoforming activities, such as energy consumption, solid waste generation and air pollution emissions. Altogether, the outcomes of this study showed that EPIP is a significant contribution to the industry, mainly those with low level of environmental management maturity, which are starting to move toward the environmental sustainability. Keywords: Environmental Performance Evaluation; Environmental Sustainability; Industrial Processes; Environmental Impact Assessment |
||
Environmental Performance Evaluation as a Tool for Environmental Management D. Fiori; M. Montaño (COC)
|
Abstract: The present paper brings a discussion about the use of Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) as a tool for environmental management. Due to its characteristics, EPE can be coupled to other management instruments focused at the improvement of the efficiency at using raw materials and energy, like cleaner production. The paper presents a case study applied to a beverage company, sited near Ribeirão Preto, a large-sized district of São Paulo estate (Brazil). The paper concludes that the use of EPE as a support at decision-making process is helpful to organizations, especially if integrated to cleaner production methods. Keywords: Environmental Performance Evaluation, environmental management, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Performance Evaluation Based on the Concept of Cleaner Production A. Coelho; M. A. Macedo; L. N. L. Vidal; E. S. Correia (SENAI -Bahia)
|
Abstract: The SENAI National Department (ND), under the NCCT - National Center of Clean Technologies of the SENAI Rio Grande do Sul technique coordination, in joint with the São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia Regional Departments, developed a project pilot whose objective was to establish an Environmental Performance Measurement Methodology to identify and validate the environmental and processes indicators in companies who implemented the methodology of Cleaner Production developed by the UNIDO/UNEP and intended to get a Certificate of Environmental Performance. In the first phase of the project a listing of companies registered in cadastre as participant of the Suppliers Qualification Program - SQP was elaborated by the Euvaldo Lodi Institute - ELI, in which the Environment Area of the SENAI Bahia Regional Department, located in the CETIND Unit, promoted the environment workshops. Based on the involvement level of the high administration companies, the physical structure, evaluation of the processes block diagrams and action plans were suggested for the SQP, where the possible companies candidates were selected to be part of this project, that demanded as minimal requirements, to belong at least, of one of the following sectors: metal-mechanic, construction civil, chemical, paper-graph and editorial and clothes-textile, that have implemented action of Cleaner Production and they did not have any legal nor environmental no conformities together the regulatory environmental agency. The selected companies signed the Adhesion Term, having committed themselves to support their development of the activities foreseen in the scope of the project; which included the accomplishment of environmental diagnosis of the company, through the study of the stages of the productive process; environmental, economic and social identification of the aspects and impacts; definition of the environmental and processes indicators to be monitored during six months and in an annual basis per more 3 years, as goal proposal and was committed between the parts; fulfilling the Performance Evaluation Data with the measurements of the indicators during the six first months; justifications and evidences of the attendance; an environmental external audit carried through by SENAI ND. The project had as premise to issue an Environmental Performance Certificate for companies who reached 80% goals and to establish a process of external audit for verification of conformity and proposal of new indicators to be pursued as continuous improvement. Keywords: Cleaner Production, environmental and processes indicators, metal-mechanic, chemical, clothes-textile [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Performance of Cement Industry in Vietnam: The Influence of ISO 14001 Certification N. Q. Ahn; L. Hens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels - Belgium)
|
Abstract: The cement industry is one of the oldest and most important industries in Vietnam’s developing economy. It is also one of greatest environmental polluters, especially in terms of air pollution. Several causes contribute to the adverse environmental impacts of cement industry, including backward technology (many factories use stand kiln production technology), weak environmental management, and lack of environmental awareness, etc. To reduce environmental impacts of industries and improve environmental performance, the Vietnamese Government encourages introducing ISO 14001-based environmental management systems into businesses. While much has been written on Western experiences, there are hardly documentation and analysis the effectiveness of ISO 14001 in Vietnam. This research examines the influence of the international ISO 14001 norm in the environmental performance of Vietnam’s cement factories. The study focuses on: i) finds out the changes in environmental performance between pre- and post- 14001 certification; ii) compares the environmental performance between certified and uncertified cement factories. The impact of ISO 14001 certification on the industry is studied by using a self-assessment questionnaire survey mailing to 56 factories in the whole country and the response rate is 26% overall (15 factories). In additional to the self-assessment, the annual environmental data, focusing on air emission from 15 responses are used. For the management performance, the preliminary results demonstrate that the environmental awareness and attention among certified factories was clearly better than those in uncertified factories. For the operational performance, the results show that there is no clear different between certified and uncertified group as well before as after adopting the ISO 14001 standard. The emission values are all below the Vietnamese National Standards for Air Quality. These results advocate the need for more research on environmental management systems, to explore the causal links between EMS and environmental performance in Vietnam. Keywords: Environmental management systems, ISO 14001, environmental performance |
||
Environmental Pollution: Quantitative Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) by SR-TXRF A. S. Melo Júnior, S. Moreira, D. M. Roston, J. E. Paternianni (UNICAMP), P. J. G. Ferreira, F. Camargo (UNIP)
|
Abstract: To study is the air quality in the region of Campinas was set up three collection sites in different locations: Barão Geraldo, Campinas, downtown and Paulinia. Environmental monitoring in addition to researching the amount of total suspended particles (PM10) by comparing the values with the reference value for air quality considered regular CETESB (Technology Company Environmental Sanitation) for 150 μg.m-3. After the samples were prepared by a chemical process for measuring technique the total reflection (SR-TXRF) synchrotron radiation at the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The technique detected 19 chemical elements: Al; Si; P; S; Cl; K; Ca; Ti; V; Cr; Mn; Fe; Co; Ni; Cu; Zn; Se; Br and Pb, addition to measuring the percentage of chemicals related to particulate matter collected. Even with the help of the statistical method – PCA (Principal Components Analysis) grouping the elements according to one of four emission sources that they are: soil re-suspension, vehicular, industrial and sulfates. Getting the percentage of pollution emitted by each source. Keywords: Environment, particulate, total reflection [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Protection and the Sustainable Use of the Water Resources: The CONAMA´s and SMA-SP´s Resolutions in 1984-2010 Period RIBAS, L. C. (UNESP); BRAUER, A. L. (FSP); DETTMER, M. C. M.(UNESP); DELMANTO, C. C. (Delmanto Lawyers)
|
Abstract: The preoccupation, both technical and judicial points of view, with the environmental protection and sustainable use of the water resources in the economic activities developed in the country and, specifically, in Sao Paulo State is something so much evident. About this, one of the main mechanisms used in last years is the edition of resolutions by Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), in the federal scale, and by Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo (SMA-SP), in the state scale. This work intends the study and the analysis of the federal and state resolutions that are connected with the environmental protection and sustainable use of the water resources during 1984- 2010. About this, it is used the Compared Law and Literature Research. The conclusions are: (i) the CONAMA ́s resolutions follow some instruments and principles of the Politica Nacional do Meio Ambiente law and it are linked, in specific way, with the rural sector and with the rural activities; (ii) the SMA-SP's resolutions have the same behavior of the CONAMA ́s resolutions, but with a difference in the time; (iii) finally, it isn ́t possible, in accordance with the historic analysis of both CONAMA and SMA-SP's resolutions, verify some correlation between this kind of specific judicial norm and one stability, constant and long politic of environmental protection and sustainable use of water resources in the period studied. Keywords: Resolutions, Water resources, Environmental protection, Sustainable use, Environmental law
|
||
Environmental Public Policy and Performance Improvement Induction: an Initial Review F. M. Ribeiro (CETESB); I. Kruglianskas (USP)
|
Abstract: Recently it has been possible to verify great advances in corporate environmental management, in part due to environmental regulation - that imposing cost for legal accomplishment stimulates the search for preventive solutions and cost reduction. Environmental public policy instruments on this sense have grown beyond traditional standards and permits to economic tools, and more recently to innovative mechanisms called as “performance based”. This kind of instrument, characterized by the consideration of the enterprise own environmental performance as a criteria to regulation enforcement has been adopted on several countries, mainly United Sates. The present article, preliminary result of a doctorate research on the theme, brings an analysis of some important studies concerning corporate (and more specifically industrial) environmental public policies, environmental performance measurement and tool, to summarize and evaluate some performance based experiences. At the end it is possible to perceive a high potential to implement this kind of instrument in Brazil, and more specifically on São Paulo State, both to allow differenced sector criteria negotiation and to face new environmental challenges still not covered by actual legislation, as greenhouse gas emissions and endocrine disruptors. Keywords: Environmental public police, environmental management, environmental performance, regulation, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Regulation Reform: Case Study for Extended-Responsibility Adoption in São Paulo State Waste Policy RIBEIRO, F. M.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: The establishment by the government of a set of requirements for businesses to operate in an environmentally responsible manner, generically named as "environmental regulation" has been one of the most successfully policies implemented on last century. However the evolution of social dynamics demanded reforms of the most traditional models for environmental regulation, for which various recommendations have been made internationally. Starting with a brief summary of"regulatory quality characteristics" summarized from literature, the present article examines a case study regarding the adoption of the extended responsibility strategy at Sao Paulo State Waste Policy. After an introduction and the methodological procedures presentation, the case study is described and the most relevant results are presented, mainly from interviews with selected key stakeholders. It is highlighted that the case illustrated an important example of the regulatory process inversion, which brought a significant change in the regulated behavior. It is also verified that, although the program does not intentionally included those characteristics, many of them are present, mainly participation, decentralization, flexibility, and the use of multiple instruments, among others. At the end suggestions for improvement are collected, recommending that those must be accompanied to ensuring its effective adoption in the future. Keywords: Environmental regulation; waste policy; environmental agency; environmental public policy
|
||
Environmental Regulation Reform: Case Study for the Cleaner Production Fostering by CETESB RIBEIRO, F. M.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: The establishment by the government of a set of requirements for businesses to operate in an environmentally responsible manner, generically named as "environmental regulation" has been one of the most successfully policies implemented on last century. However the evolution of social dynamics demanded reforms of the most traditional models for environmental regulation, for which various recommendations have been made internationally. Starting with a brief summary of "regulatory quality characteristics" summarized from literature, the present article examines a case study regarding the cleaner production fostering by CETESB, Sao Paulo State environmental agency. After an introduction and the methodological procedures presentation, the case study is described and the most relevant results are presented, mainly from interviews with selected key stakeholders. It is highlighted that although there has been no specific planning, many of those “characteristics” are already presented at the program, especially with regard to participation, flexibility, preventive focus and innovation. It also stressed that this presence influences the behavior of regulators and regulated, although most at those who participated directly in the activities, since there was little diffusion effect. Finally, suggestions for improvement are collected, among which the need for cleaner production consideration in the agency ́s strategic planning and its incorporation in the main regulatory routines, especially the environmental permitting. Keywords: Environmental regulation; cleaner production; environmental agency; environmental public policy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Regulation Reform: Case Study for the Introduction of the Renewable Operating Permits in Sao Paulo State RIBEIRO, F. M.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: The establishment by the government of a set of requirements for businesses to operate in an environmentally responsible manner, generically named as "environmental regulation" has been one of the most successfully policies implemented on last century. However the evolution of social dynamics demanded reforms of the most traditional models for environmental regulation, for which various recommendations have been made internationally. Starting with a brief summary of "regulatory quality characteristics" summarized from literature, the present article examines a case study regarding the introduction of the renewable operating permit in Sao Paulo State. After an introduction and the methodological procedures presentation, the case study is described and the most relevant results are presented, mainly from interviews with selected key stakeholders. It is highlighted that even with different quality characteristics and intense planning, the program still faces operational difficulties. It is also emphasized the need for greater definition of rules - including for measurement and performance evaluation and reward. Among the proposed improvements were also noted a broader change of behavior on the part of regulators, as well as the need to improve communication of program results and public disclosure of information. Keywords: Environmental regulation; environmental permitting; environmental agency; environmental public policy
|
||
Environmental Regulation to Sustainability: Contributions to Build a Theoretical Reference on the Limits of Traditional Models F. M. Ribeiro (CETESB), I. Kruglianskas (USP)
|
Abstract: Under the argument that environmental regulation should accompany changes in how society perceives its relationship with the environment, this paper presents some limits of the current regulation model, based on a selected literature review. Through a proposed taxonomy of these limits, some hurdles to sustainable development attaining are presented, concluding that the transition depends not only, and perhaps not even mainly, on technology, but on profound social changes. Keywords: Environmental regulation, sustainability, environmental public policy |
||
Environmental Requirements on the Product Process Development Applied in Furniture Industries P. A. Azevedo; A. M. Nolasco (ESALQ)
|
Abstract: This study aimed at identifying the environmental requirements adopted by small industries of furniture to make to order process of product development, the internal and external factors that led to the adoption and those needed for greater sustainability in the production system. In recent years, the complex issues that cross the process of industrial transformation and the interest in the environment have multiplied, increasingly affecting the micro and small enterprises, the most affected by the difficulties of adapting their corporate culture to the new challenges of environmental compliance and sustainable development. To that end, 18 were considered micro and small enterprises in the Furniture Pole of Itatiba - SP on the adoption of environmental requirements in the PDP. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and site visits, analyzing each activity of the PDP and environmental requirements associated with them, identifying the end of testing the feasibility of improvement for the industry. The results indicate that economic factors also dictate the way businesses respond by environmental issues, is the adaption by the laws and regulations or by reducing production costs. Moreover, the absence of trained professionals in the field of sustainable development of products provides the increased difficulties in structuring the sector. Keywords: Products development process, environmental requires, furniture industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Study of Disorder and Social Vulnerability of Santos City after the Arrival of the Production Chain of Oil and Gas PRANDO, G. (FATEC); VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The extraction of petroleum, a nonrenewable natural resource, generates disturbance to the environment and requires measures to minimize these impacts. This study identified and analyzed the impacts generated in the city of Macae after the arrival of Petrobras and project ed impacts for the city of Santos. To conduct this research were heard representatives of civil society and local go vernments, and analyzed data from government agencies, research institutes and census. To expedite the discovery of the most relevant, hierarchical criteria were identified and used the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for structuring and solving the problem. The impacts were studied: Population density, Labor Market, Economic Development, Environmental, Mobility and Quality of Life (Education, Public Safety and Health). The research aims to generate an analytical model that manages grants for public policies, creating agendas for government stepped priorities. Keywords: Oil & Gas, Social Impacts, Public Policy, AHP [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental Sustainability and Lean Production: A Case Study QUEIROZ, G. A. (UFSCar/USP); ESPOSTO, K. F. (USP); ALVES FILHO, A. G.; HAYASHI, A. P. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: This research intends to address, in a preliminary way, the possibility of integrated implementation of environmental sustainability and lean production practices, considering the roles of such practices in the company's operations strategy. It examines the case of a subsidiary of a multinational company inserted in a highly competitive and dynamic environment and operating in several market segments (security, automotive products, electrical products and graphic communication). The research had as objective to verify how the environmental sustainability is inserted in a strategy of operations guided by the lean production. For this, the research methods were used: exploratory bibliographic review and case study. The results of the research show that environmental sustainability has been considered in the decisions oriented to the implementation of lean production practices in the company, but, in the managers' view, the integration of the practices can be quite laborious. Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Operations Strategy, Lean Production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Southeastern Brazil with Accounting in Emergy DEMETRIO, F. J. (UEMA/UNIP); DEMETRIO, J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: The Southeast region has an area of over 920,000 km square and consists of the states of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo. In the Southeast, focuses not only the greatest proportion of national GDP, but also the most populous - 77,873,120 inhabitants. In order to highlight and distinguish the differences between the states, a review was conducted in emergy environmental and signatures are presented. Emergy indices in each state (ESI, EYR, and ELR) are presented and compared. The ternary diagram of the triangle was used to display the level of sustainability of the region's states. Keywords: Emergy, sustainability, southeast, development, economy |
||
Environmental sustainability in small enterprises: interactive implementation of cleaner production M. S. Borges; E. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The Brazilian metals sector and, mainly its automotive section, is mostly composed by small enterprises which are exposed to a competitive global demand: permanently improve their environmental quality standard. However, for such enterprises, there is still a meaningful discrepancy in participation as far as self-regulatory environmental management instruments adoption is concerned when compared, for instance, to large companies. Amongst these instruments, the cleaner production stands out as a vigorous environmental management approach based on an integrated platform with a preventive focus. Under this point of view, this study proposes to develop and to apply an interactive cleaner production implementation methodology. This methodology is built by a cleaner production implementation program, especially conceived and created for the small enterprises profile and by a set of questions and answers structurally connected to the phases and activities of such program. This approach allows its interactive implementation as well as increasing value for the human capital, the knowledge and the language in small enterprises. Keywords: Environmental management, interactive methodology, human capital, cleaner production implementation program [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Sustainability Indexes’assessment for Water Supplying and Sewage Treatment Companies Listed on BM&FBOVESPA in 2014 DI AGUSTINI, C. A. (FGV/USCS); LUCAS, E. C. (FGV)
|
Abstract: The critic level of the water in the storages of the brazilian hydroelectrical power plants represents the breaking point of the first condition for sustainability. The total affluence volume minus the total effluence volume results in 6,418 m³ of water per second, which is unfavourable for the national system.The investors of BM&FBOVESPA acnowledge and perceive positive value of the companies labeled as sustainable. In the period between 2006 and 2013 the ESI obtained a performande index of 190% above the Ibovespa index.The clients of the companies CASAN, COPASA, SABESP and SANEPAR paid in theis fees for water and sewage treatment, in R$ average value, 72,5% of the total eMergy they have received. There is a disadvantageous relation between the biosphere and the water and sludge treatment system that is operated by the companies that were assessed.Every company assessed in the present work violates the first conditio for sustainability due to the reduced volume of rain in the last 84 years, but shows to be sustainable in the long range if the defluence ever balances with the affluence at some point. Keywords: Environmental sustainability, Water supplying companies, BM&FBOVESPA, eMergy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental Sustainability of a University Institution by Calculating the Ecological Footprint SOARES, D. F.; LIED, E. B. (UTFPR); MAGALHÃES, A. P. (UEMG); TREVISAN, A. P. ; MOREJON, C. F.; ARCEGO, C. V.; SANTOS JR., E. L. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: The methodology of Ecological Footprint (EF) is to calculate the size of bioproductive area needed to produce resources and assimilate the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by population. In this context, it sought to quantify the average consumption of the main resources used every day in Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Medianeira (UTFPR-MD) during the year 2015. The results indicate a total Ecological Footprint of 177.41 hectares, equivalent to an area about 15 times larger than the campus. It was found that the consumption of food and infrastructure and buildings, together account for 84% of CO2 emissions and EF composition. The electricity consumption resulted in an area twice the area of the campus. While the consumption of paper, mobility and transportation, those are with less impact, less than 4% of the total. The per capita contribution of EF at campus corresponds to 0.0753 ha/person/year, this score is near to EF national score which is 0.0725 ha/person/year. Keywords: Sustainability indicators. Universities. Envinronmental Impacts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Environmental Sustainability Practices in Logistics Service Providers: A Literature Review FROIO, J. P.; BEZERRA, S. B. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Environmental sustainability is a topic that has captured attention by both scientific community and organizations due to increased environmental concern throughout the world. In this context, companies from various sectors have adopted environmentally friendly practices in theirs activities making processes, services and goods environmentally sustainable. Logistics Service providers (LSP) from several countries act in this direction, carrying out internal and external environmental practices. This literature review sough articles published in international journals that bring many types of green practices undertaken only by LSP companies around the world, different from other studies already published. To analyze the selected articles, a classification in form of a framework with seven approaches was used to classify both internal and external environmental practices. This study showed that the logistics sector has been trying to cooperate with other sectors to minimize impacts on the environment. Some results are presented: several practices are still incipient; most of them are internal to the company; there is no compliance of practices among the sector, so most LSP companies try individually to take actions in favor of environmental sustainability, with little involvement of supply chain partners or customers. This study contributes: to the literature, since it has gathered studies about environmental sustainability practices adopted only by LSP, as for the sector which can benefit from the knowledge of practices carried out worldwide. Keywords: Outsourcing Logistics, Green Initiatives, Green practices adoption, Third-party Logistics, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmental Technology for Tanneries and their Adequacy for Projects of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) E. A. Ananias; S. A. Pacca (USP)
|
Abstract: This work identifies and describes residue treatment technologies for the tannery industry. The objective was considering each technology face to its potential to fulfill the requirements of a clean development mechanism (CDM) project. The CDM offers a source of revenues that might facilitate the adoption of environmental benign technologies by the industry, and therefore, aligns global and local benefits. Through a literature review we identified technologies that could be associated with CDM approaches and the CDM methods that already have been applied to the industry. Despite their high cost, low thermal conversion and gasification of residues are among the most promising technologies. Our next efforts consists of an emission inventory of the tanneries coupled to technical and economic feasibility studies of the most promising alternatives so that we propose a CDM road map for the sector. Keywords: Tanneries, alternative waste treatment, clean development mechanism [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Environmentally Sustainable Innovation: Attributes Expected in the Purchase of Green Vehicles and Furniture DE MEDEIROS, J. F.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D. (UFRS)
|
Abstract: This article investigates the perception of potential consumers regarding the offer of environmentally sustainable products. Employing projective techniques for sentence completion, it sought to discover which attributes of green products and processes are expected by automobile and furniture consumers, along with the risks associated to the offer of said characteristics. Considering the completions made, it was possible to observe that the 12 respondents are aware of the product and process attributes that the studied industries provide in terms of environmentally sustainable innovations. Nevertheless, it is inferred that green innovations in automobiles may generate a perception of functional risk among consumers, that is, that the product does not offer the desired performance. By the other hand, the completions revealed that the respondents perceive lower social and financial risk in green automobiles and furniture. The results obtained allow companies of the analyzed sectors to steer their innovation and communication efforts towards the attributes listed as qualifiers, while also assisting the theoretical investigation about the decision-making process for purchasing green products. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Environmentally sustainable Products, Choice Attributes |
||
Environmentally Sustainable Product Development Process: Diagnostic and Suggestions for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises LAGO, N. C.; KOLLING, C. (UPF); MEDEIROS, J. F. (UPF/UFRGS); RIBEIRO, J. L. D.; MARCON, A. (UPF)
|
Abstract: The present study aimed (i) to investigate the approaches and the advances made in the academic discussion regarding the alignment between environmental sustainability and the product development process, and (ii) to develop a diagnostic on small and medium-sized enterprises that operate in southern Brazil. To that end, an exploratory research was performed in two steps: a bibliographical and a field research. The bibliographical research was carried out on Web of Science and Scopus databases. The field research was performed with the managers of 18 industries of different segments. Regarding the theoretical research, the results indicate that some studies highlight that sustainability practices must be integrated into the existing product development processes, other studies propose that specific models should be developed, and, finally, another field of research highlight tools that can be used in sustainable development processes. As to the field research, it can be stated that the organizations sampled understand the need for environmental sustainability in products and processes, and define internal drivers for the adoption of the adequate practices, adapting to the regulatory pressures and to the market demands. Nevertheless, the results also show that the companies’ present structural gaps in the product development processes, perform incomplete sustainable design actions and do not possess broad experience in the specific activities of the green product development process. Considering the results, a referential system to orient the practice of an environmentally sustainable product development process is proposed. Keywords: Green Product Development Process. Environmental Sustainability. Green Product Innovations [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Equilibrium and Kinetic Modelling Studies of Adsorption of Crystal Violet dye onto Zeolites of Coal Fly and Botton Ashes T. C. R. Bertolini, D. A. Fungaro (IPEN-CENEN)
|
Abstract: The adsorption of the crystal violet dye (CV) over zeolites from coal fly ash (ZCL) and coalbotton ash (ZCP) was evaluated. The coal ashes were used in the synthesis of zeolites by alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The dye adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained after 8 min and 10 min contact time for ZCL and ZCP, respectively. Pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models have been applied to the experimental data and pseudo-second-order kinetic was found to describe the adsorption of the dye on the adsorbents. Intra-particle diffusion studies revealed that the adsorption rates were not solely controlled by the diffusion step. The equilibrium data of ZCL was found to best fit to the Langmuir model, while ZCP was best explained by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities were 19,6 mg g-1 for the CV/ZCL system and 17,6 mg g-1 for the CV/ZCP system. Keywords: Coal fly ash, coal botton ash, zeolite, basic dye, adsorption [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Establishment of Energy-Production and Environmental Indicators in the Physical Refinery Area of a Colombian Food Company DURÁN, M. P.; PEÑA, M. A.; VANEGAS, M. C. (a. Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); MORENO, A. (b. e2 Energía Eficiente S.A E.S.P. - Colombia); MEJÍA, J. (Team Foods S.A - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the application of the strategic decision stage for the implementation of an Integrated Energy Management System, based on the NTC ISO 50,001:2011 standard, in the physical refinery area of a company in the food area, a vegetable oil and grease producer located in Colombia. The principles for obtaining control charts and consumption indexes are shown as a complement to the implementation of the equivalent production method to obtain the base and target lines in terms of natural gas and electric energy consumption for the elaboration of its products from three different raw materials: palm, soybean and sunflower. Through the analysis of each of these graphs, some representative saving potentials were obtained of 30.7, 31.37 and 50.4% in electricity, for soybean, palm and sunflower, respectively, and 23.10, 22.7 and 45% in natural gas in the same order above. These savings are reflected also in the equivalent reduction of CO2 emissions with an average of 670.43 CO2Eq annually, where 229.7 tons of CO2 correspond to savings in the physical refinery area due to electrical energy saving consumption and 430.73 tons of CO2 refer to the impact of reducing the consumption of natural gas. Keywords: Energy characterization, food area, saving potential, energy performance indicator, CO2 emissions.
|
||
Evaluación de un Proceso Microbiológico de Compostaje Acelerado de la Fracción Orgánica de los Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios D. Di Giusto, A. Ledesma, J. Dutto (UNC-Argentina) |
Abstract: In this organizational presentation was developed a biotechnology, for the planet's health care and quality of life for its habitants. The main solution consists of a pool of natural microorganisms, which combine synergistically to accelerate and improve the biotransformation of organic solid waste source at home. This method generated as a result a number of economic, social and environmental as well as an excellent cost-effectiveness. This system of waste treatment is intended to minimize the amount of waste to be disposed of, and is considered to be transformed into the perfect complement to any landfill technology by accelerating time to degrade the material and reduce the space usedfor this process. This initiative aims to transform the philosophy which sees waste, harnessing the potential they have, when considered not as mere waste, but as important renewable resources. The proposed method is a microbiological process accelerated composting the organic fraction of domestic solid waste. Under controlled conditions of aeration, temperature and moisture, organic waste is converted into a biological fertilizer in a period not exceeding 20 days. The speed of the process prevents the occurrence of disease vectors, flies, rodents, and the emergence of odors associated with anaerobic decomposition of waste. Is performed on concrete cradles to prevent runoff of liquids, and every time you finish the biotransformation of waste can be used the same crib. The resulting compost is high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which makes it a high quality fertilizer. Keywords: Accelerated compost, microbiological inoculums, organic waste
|
||
Evaluating the Global Productivity of a Medium Size Agribusiness A. D. Frugoli, C. M. V. B. Almeida, Pedro A. Frugoli, Ana P. Z. Santos, M. V. Mariano (UNIP)
|
Abstract: A medium size agribusiness located at São Sebastião do Paraíso, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is evaluated in order to determine the effects of the integrated production process in its productivity. Results are compared with those obtained for agribusiness without integration. The farm is composed by an integrated production of corn, eggs, pigs and milk. Emergy accounting is applied to evaluate the energy and materials flows driving the production process. The farm total emergy is 1,23 x 10e+18 seJ/ano. The values obtained for eggs, pigs and milk are, respectively, 24, 5 e 6 times higher than the results observed in literature for traditional production systems. Global productivity values for the three by-products are indicate that integrated production processes are more environmentally efficient. Keywords: Emergy, agribusiness, transformity, environmental efficiency, global productivity [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Evaluation of a Wastewater Treatment System for Constructed Wetland with Aeration Step ANDRADE, H. H. B. (USP)
|
Abstract: The constructed wetlands (CW) represent an increasingly used way around the world for the wastewater treatment, this technology is based on natural processes of nutrient cycling and degradation of organic matter in the wastewater at similar rates found in nature. The CW have satisfactory efficiencies in the removal of compounds such as organic matter, has low power consumption and operational simplicity, however, may require significant areas for construction and show instability in the removal of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the initial performance of a wastewater treatment system by evaluating the physical and chemical parameter settings carried out in a bench scale apparatus treating synthetic substrate. The system consists of septic tank, decanter, free aerated flow wetland and wetland drowned vertical subsurface flow. Efficiencies were obtained up to 89% removal of organic matter in terms of TOC, 87% of total nitrogen removal and 8% free of phosphorus. Keywords: Constructed wetlands, aeration, wastewater treatment, nitrogen removal [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Evaluation of Aerobic Biodegradation from Polymers Poli(3-hidroxybutirate) and Synthetic Based on Additives by Action of Activated Sludge F. S. M. de Souza; M. A. Henning; F. J. Bassetti (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the aerobic biodegradation of two different polymers by the action of activated sludge. This aim is reached bringing face to face a biopolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutirate), and a synthetic polymer based on additives. The present work has been conducted in two batches, employing an Activated Sludge System with extra aeration. The evaluation of biodegradation was based on polymers analysis – weight loss and scanning electron microscopy - and on microbial development - production of CO2 and substrate analysis. Based on the results it was possible to conclude that the biopolymer was completely degraded. On the other hand, the results observed with synthetic polymer based on additives do not allow qualifying it as biodegradable in tested conditions. Keywords: Biodegradable polymers, biodegradability, activated sludge [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of Cleaner Production in the Mechanical Metal Sector of the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul HOLLVEG, S. D. S.; ADAMY, A. P. A.; ROSA, L. C. (UFSM)
|
Abstract: More and more companies should be alert to trends imposed by the market, such as fitness for clean technologies. In this context, there are tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), which help organizations to suit their processes and products. Given these aspects, it is important that companies adopt environmental policies solidified in its corporate culture. Thus, research to identify how the CP tool could be applied to companies belonging to the mechanical metal sector of the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, we identified which PML actions are used and analyzed the impact of the same in the companies surveyed. We used an assessment of the use of CP, characterized as a study of case of qualitative-quantitative character. It was concluded that the companies surveyed follow the CP premises more directly at levels 1 and 2, through reduction actions at source and internal recycling, showing an engagement of the sector in accordance with environmental policies. Keywords: CP, Mechanical Metal, Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Evaluation of Cleaner Production Opportunities for the Horizontal Packaging Process STALTER, C. F.; MORAES, C. A. M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: Bioriented polypropylene (BOPP) is a type of flexible polymer widely used in the film format for the packaging of various materials, including in the food market. The packaging route begins with the production of the film that goes into the flexographic printing process and then reaches the horizontal packaging process. The three processes are carried out by different companies and each one presents its environmental impacts, in this sense, this work aims to carry out the diagnosis of these processes and from this survey, to point out Cleaner Production (P + L) opportunities in the packaging process seeking reduction of waste in the generating source. The potential environmental impacts of each of the processes were identified and the packaging process also identified opportunities for improvement aimed at reducing the generation of waste at source. For this, it was taken into account that the company that carries out the packaging process has two different machines for the same type of process: one old and one of a more current model. From a simple process follow-up, it was identified that the old machine generates a greater amount of waste when compared to the new one. In this way, it was highlighted as an opportunity to improve the proper quality control of the coils, to replace the manual feeding of the mats by the automatic feeding and the installation of a stop sensor so that the machine interrupts the process when there is no material on the mat, avoiding the generation of empty packages that are discarted as waste. Keywords: BOPP, packaging, Cleaner Production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of Costs, Benefits and Externalities Associated with the Product Life Cycle in the Context of the Circular Economy: A Study for Aluminum Packaging ALBUQUERQUE, T. L. M.; MATTOS, C. A.; SCUR, G.; KISSIMOTO, K. (FEI)
|
Abstract: The Circular Economy aims to transform waste into resources and seeks to link the production and consumption activities. Conceptual logic for value creation is based on the economic value obtained by reusing a product for the production of new offerings. The development of business models in the context of the Circular Economy is gaining importance in the academic, corporate and government environments. The transition of companies from a linear to a Circular Economy (CE) brings a series of challenges, and it is essential to understand the impact of changes in their business models. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate the costs, benefits and externalities by applying tools that capture the variables involved throughout the life cycle of a product. Thus, objective aims to analyze the benefits of using aluminum packaging in the food industry, combining the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method and externalities, since in the context of the circular economy one should consider not only the cost of one Product during its life cycle, but also the economic benefit or added value for society. The study seeks to contribute to the evolution of concepts and methods by helping to integrate nd optimize economic, social and environmental considerations to provide more sustainable scenarios in the future. The results obtained through the LCC method and externalities indicated economic benefit and reduction of CO2. Keywords: Circular Economy, LCC, aluminum packaging, Externalities [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of Essential Drivers of Green Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Approach GOVINDAN. K. A. (University of South Denmark-Denmark); SHANKAR, M. (Anna University-India)
|
Abstract: Green Manufacturing (GM) issues became the wide biased debate over the last decade because of its environmental concerns an economical importance. This paper attempts to analyze the drivers of GM with a fuzzy approach. The common drivers are identified through the existing literature and with the combined assistance of industry experts. The Common drivers are provided as stakeholders (D1), company image (D2), competitors (D3), financial benefit (D4), environmental conservation (D5), customers (D6) and compliance with regulations (D7).These seven drivers are getting compared over one another based on the data provided by the firm which is situated in the southern part of India. This paper concludes with the priority among common drivers to find out the essential driver of GM. This study helps to identify the essential driver of GM and in the future it also assists to stimulate that essential driver for implementing GM. Keywords: Green Manufacturing, Drivers, Fuzzy AHP |
||
Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity on Raw Influents and Treated Efluents on Urban Area LOPES, V. R. (USP), FRANÇA, D. D., QUINAGLIA, G. A., SATO, M. I. Z. (CETESB)
|
Abstract: The wastewater raw influent have a high pollutants concentration and conventional (WWTP) may be not enough to remove endocrine disruptors compounds. This study evaluates estrogenic activity on samples of urban area and viability of Blyes (Bioluminescent Yeast Estrogen Screen) bioassay on these matrices. Were collected raw influent, treated effluent and recycled water of two WWTP. This assay were able to detected estrogenic activity about 14,66 a 24,41 ngE2equiv.L reduction on estrogenic activity comparing to i other it was under the limit of detection (0,10 ngE2equiv. L indicate that this bioassay may be useful micropollutants on effluents that can achieve environment. Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, estrogenic activity, water quality, recycled waters [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Purchase of a Vehicle, Based on the Vehicle Brazilian Labeling Program A. C. Reis (CEFET-RJ/PUC-Rio), B. F. Silvestre(SENAC-RJ), A. C. S. Barros (CEFET-RJ) |
Abstract: At the end of the twentieth century many countries designed laws and benefits in order to reduce the waste of energy. Thus, is created in Brazil in 1993, the Brazilian Program Labeling that aimed to inform consumers the energy performance standard of domestic appliances. However, cars, which are responsible for a large share of fossil fuels, were not included in the program. So in 2008 was created the Brazilian Labeling Program (PBE vehicle), which aimed to classify vehicles in terms of energy consumption. Thus the present study analyzed the EBP vehicular regarding their knowledge to consumers, and its use when buying a vehicle. As a result it was evident that the program requires greater dissemination to be more recognized by the market consumer, and a new policy for the participation of assemblers, since some cars that have greater popularity are not included in the program Keywords: Vehicle Brazilian Labeling Program, brazilian automotive industry, car passengers [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Evaluation of Key Factors, Productive Losses and Environmental Impacts in Palm Oil Production Process MERIÑO, L. I.; ABIANTUN, A.; GERMÁN, L.; SEPÚLVEDA, J. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Palm oil production is a coordinated activity that includes the execution of procedures, the application of specific techniques and processes and the integration of resources as equipments, labor, people, and materials in a way that each of them has a direct influence not only in the production, but the positive impacts of this activity as well. In this work it is applied a process of analysis, applied in a palm oil producing company located in the north Caribbean of Colombia. It is focused in the evaluation of five specific dimensions of the productive process and its resources complemented with the study of causes and effects according with Ishikawa. All of this work is intended to search for the particular conditions that determine the main loses and impacts attached with the extraction of palm oil, showing the effects of process standardization, the productive impact of the correct selection of materials, the level of education and training of people, the actual status of machinery and equipment and all the relationship between these elements over production loses, critical points of control in the process, biological, physical and social-economic impacts of extraction.
Keywords: Loses, production, palm oil, Ishikawa. |
||
Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Bio-Fertilizer as Energy Disposals from Biomass Degraded by Bio-Digestion in the Production of Horticultural Bedding Plants at the Department of Agricultural Sciences – Cordoba - Argentina STOBBIA, D.; VIERA FERNÁNDEZ B.; DUTTO J.; LEDESMA A. (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Argentina)
|
Abstract: The use of bio-digesters is a clear example of Socially Appropriate Technology, generating biogas at domestic or commercial scale plus liquid and solid bio-fertilizer. Bio-digestion is a natural process that corresponds to the anaerobic cycle of carbon, actioned and combined with different groups of bacteria in total absence of oxygen, using organic materials to feed and reproduce. In this digestion it is possible to identify two type of products as fertilizers: the liquid bio fertilizer called “boil” (effluent) and the solid bio fertilizer called “biosol” (digested mud). This bio-factors promote the growth of vegetables and can be apply both to the foliage as to the seed through imbibition. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the behavior of liquid and solid bio-fertilizer, coming from the biomass of solid urban disposals (SUD) on the germination and growth of horticultural bedding seeds. Five experiments for the biol were proposed, T1: 100% Water, T2, 75% Water and 25% Biol, T3: 50% Water and 50% Biol, T4: 25% Water and 75% Biol and T5: 100% biol. For the biosol, the experiments were T1: 100% Water, T2, 75% Water and 25% Biosol, T3: 50% Water and 50% Biosol, T4: 25% Water and 75% Biosol and T5: 100% Biolsol. Even though both bio-fertilizers energetically promote higher growth of bedding seeds and higher percentages of germination, the doses used are different depending whether it is liquid or solid. The solid urban disposals provide a residual biomass with an important biological potential to improve degraded soils and horticultural or biointensive production. Keywords: bio-fertilizer, bio-digestion, germination, bedding seed growth, bio-production |
||
Evaluation of Mercury-Free Alternatives in Hospitals of Sonora, Mexico ÁLVAREZ CHÁVEZ, C. R.; LOUSTAUNAU PELLAT, A.; ARCE CORRALES, M. E.; MUNGUÍA VEGA, N. E. (UNISON-Mexico); GALLIGAN, C. (University of Massachussets Lowell-USA); QUINN, M. (UNISON-México)
|
Abstract: Mercury pollution is a global problem because its toxicity and because when it is released remains circulating in the environment and is spread through the air. This paper shows the evaluation of mercury-free measuring instruments such as digital thermometers and sphygmomanometers as safer alternatives in two pilot hospitals of Sonora Mexico. The data collections were obtained from hospital nurses through questionnaires. The Hg-free devices were in general well accepted by nurses as adequate and safer alternatives to reduce and/or eliminate mercury. The actions recommended in this paper include following a guide with accurate requirements and specifications when hospitals acquire digital thermometers and mercury-free sphygmomanometers, a calibration system for thermometers and mercury-free sphygmomanometers, provide batteries disposal services to the digital thermometers and replacement of batteries when needed in order that the nurses accept better this instrument, promote the use of solar digital thermometers that avoid the problem caused by the use of batteries in digital thermometers, work closely with the manufacturers so that they take over the composture of the sphygmomanometers, and continue Hg training in hospitals staff in order to be aware of Hg hazards and take into account the costs of the harm of the health and environment of Hg pollution Keywords: Mercury, hospital, pollution prevention, safer alternative |
||
Evaluation of Pelletization Methods of Zeolitic Material from Coal Ash BERTOLINI, T. C. R.; GHILEN, S. N.; FUNGARO, D. A. (IPEN)
|
Abstract: The evaluation of different methods of pelletization of zeolitic material synthesized from coal ashes was described in this work. The coal fly ash used in the synthesis of the zeolite by alkaline hydrothermal treatment were collected in the Thermoelectric Complex Jorge Lacerda, located in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil, the largest coal burning thermoelectric complex of Latin America. The raw material and synthesized zeolite in powder form were characterized to obtain chemical composition, mineralogical composition and cation-exchange capacity. The pellets were formed by mixing of zeolitic material with one or more binders and addition of deionized water. The obtained plastic mass was molded manually in the form of spheres in the size range between 4 mm and 7 mm. Different methodologies of pelletization of zeolite material were evaluated by determining the cation exchange capacity of the obtained products, workability, physical strength and water stability. The pelletized zeolitic material obtained by the best method evaluated in this study was selected for future application as adsorbent material in the effluent treatment. Keywords: coal fly ashes, hydrothermal treatment, zeolite, pelletization, pellets, adsorbent material [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of Sustainability in Service Operations in Seven Higher Education Institutions in Brazil DRAHEIN, A. D. (UNICESUMAR)
|
Abstract: The objective of this research is to identify good sustainability practices in service operations in seven higher education institutions, through an evaluation model in the service operations of higher education institutions. The model consists of a structure composed of five axes: 1) Governance / Policies, (2) People, (3) Food, (4) Energy / Water, (5) Waste / Environment and 134 criteria. To do so, a field study was conducted in Brazil by the first author of this article to obtain in-depth data on sustainability in the higher education institutions analyzed. In addition to direct observations and document collection, interviews were also conducted with teachers / academics, students, and staff. It was verified that the absence of government incentives for sustainability in the HEI is a point present in five of the seven HEI surveys. Another crucial point is the difficulty in associating the curriculum with service operations, as the managers are unable to associate these two areas, which prevents or delays studies on sustainability in service operations. Keywords: sustainability, evaluation, higher education institutions, operations, services [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of the Electrodialysis Process in the Treatment of Phosphate Containing Solution ROTTA, E. H.; BITENCOURT, C. S.; MARDER, L.; BERNARDES, A. M. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is inherent to all life forms. The increasing in crop production requires an increase in the use of P as fertilizer, usually produced from phosphate rocks, a non-renewable source that are being depleted. On the other side, high levels of P on surface water from wastewater and agricultural may lead to environmental problems, such as eutrophication. Therefore, the present work evaluated the technical feasibility of a 5- compartment electrodialysis (ED) cell in the treatment of phosphate containing solution, prepared using Na2HPO4.7H2O and NaH2PO4.H2O salts, aiming the recovery of P from municipal wastewater. Heterogeneous cation- (HDX100) and anion- (HDX200) ion-exchange membranes were used. Current-voltage curves (CVCs) showed that the current density to be used in electrodialysis tests was limited by the HDX200 anion-exchange membrane. The average percent extraction (pe%) of sodium was 92%, while for phosphate-containing species was 61%. The phosphate-containing species removal may be restricted by the formation of a non-chargeable specie, H3PO4, resulted from changes on the pH conditions in the diluted compartment. Keywords: phosphorus, sewage, membrane process, P-recovery |
||
Evaluation of the Environmental Management System at Industry of Leather P. C. Setter; C. Schimuneck; J. A. R. Moraes (UNISC)
|
Abstract: This case study aimed to evaluate an environmental management system of a company in the leather sector of the city of Novo Hamburgo, where we analyzed the production process of the company, since the arrival of hides and chemicals until the proper disposal of each waste generated in the process. This study was based on the GAIA method proposed by Leripio (2000), and the company has adopted an environmental management in their processes, which facilitated the analysis and interpretations of issues by staff involved with the research. Keywords: Evaluation of impacts, ambient management, leather [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of the Physical and Virtual Water Transfers for Beijing City in China FANXING MENG; GENGYUAN LIU; ZHIFENG YANG (Beijing Normal University - China); CASAZZA, M. (Beijing Normal University - China/Parthenope University of Naples - Italy); GIANNETTI, B. F. (Beijing Normal University - China/UNIP)
|
Abstract: Freshwater resources are unevenly and geographically distributed in China. In Beijing city, located in the North China Plain with per capita water availability under 150m3 /y, the Water Stress Index (WSI) has been over 100% under extreme water stresses. Water supply gap threatens to sink Beijing's ambitious develop goal as one of the center of political, economic and cultural in the world. Therefore, China has started to construct the world’s largest physical water transfer project — the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) since 2010. Of which, 13 Gm3 water is transferred from the Yangtze River Basin to Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin annually through the Middle Route project to Beijing and Tianjin in the Northern. Besides physical water transfer project, virtual water strategy is another solution to remedy regional water scarcity. Virtual water defined as the water required for the production of goods and services along their supply chains, is transferred along the domestic and international economic trade. Based on virtual water transfer, water scarce region, such as Beijing, imports water-intensive products instead of producing them locally in order to save local water resources. In this paper, a model linking the interregional trade data in China and in the world was built and applied to account the virtual water flow throughout the entire supply chain from the domestic provinces to the world. Based on this, we accounted the physical and virtual water transfer for the social economic system in Beijing city and evaluated the impact on the regional water stress in China. Keywords: Water transfer, virtual water, Beijing city, multiregional input-output analysis |
||
Evaluation of the Pollutant Removal Mechanisms of a Reed Bed System: Biochemical Parameters A. M. Islam; T. Tudor; M. Bates (University of Northampton - UK)
|
Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the key biochemical mechanisms that occur within a reed bed system or constructed wetland during the treatment of landfill leachate. Soil respirations, dehydrogenase activities and urease activities within a horizontal subsurface flow reed bed were extensively examined to determine these mechanisms. Variations in biochemical parameters because of change in space and leachate applications were investigated. Correlations among the biochemical parameters and between biochemical parameters and pollutant removal efficiency were undertaken. No biochemical activities showed any horizontal variations across the reed bed. For both preloading and during-loading conditions, soil respirations and dehydrogenase activities did not have any vertical variations whereas urease activities at 5cm depth were significantly higher (P<0.001) than those at 50cm and 90cm depth. When during-loading conditions were compared with preloading conditions, soil respirations showed no variation at any depth, whereas significant reductions were observed at 50cm (P=0.034) for dehydrogenase activities and at 50cm (P=0.018) and 90cm (P=0.004) depths for urease activities. A modest correlations (r= 0.474, P=0.023) between soil respirations and dehydrogenase activities was observed. A strong correlation (r=0.777, P<0.001) was found between dehydrogenase activities and urease activities. No correlation existed between the biochemical parameters in the reed bed soil and the pollutant removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD) or total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Aerobic microbial activity showed equal potential for the degradation of pollutants in the wastewater which suggests the importance of creating suitable conditions for aerobic microbes within the root zone in the reed bed. Significant reduction of total microbial activities at the middle depth suggests that it was influenced more by heavy metals due to more exposure to leachate. The top layer reed bed soil needs to be properly utilised to maximise the reduction of nitrogenous pollutants from leachate. A biochemical activity can be utilised to predict another biochemical activity but not the removal of COD and TKN. Keywords: Reed beds, leachate, respiration, dehydrogenase, urease |
||
Evaluation of Key Factors, Productive Losses and Environmental Impacts in Palm Oil Production Process MERIÑO, L. I.; ABIANTUN, A.; GERMÁN, L.; SEPÚLVEDA, J. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The methodology of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) according to the typology by attributes, was implemented to the general poultry process (transport of fertile egg and chicken meat, laying hens farm, broilers and / or reproduction farm, Plant of profit or sacrifice, wastewater plant and storage and distribution plant for chicken meat). The purpose of the LCA analysis was to identify, classify and evaluate the potential environmental impacts (PEI) generated in the different unit operations that make up the life cycle of chicken meat in Santander, Colombia. The construction of the inventory was carried out with data from the poultry industry of a confidential nature (consumption of chemicals, natural resources, fuel and the generation of liquid and atmospheric waste) and literature (emissions associated with the generation of chicken manure, consumption of electric energy and fossil fuel). The scope of the LCA includes the evaluation of the PEIs from door to door, and the impacts associated with the consumption of raw materials such as: water, electricity, natural gas, chemical inputs (additives, coagulants, disinfectants, etc.) and the final disposal of waste (liquid, solid and gaseous). The ACV methodology took as reference the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC-ISO 14040 and NTC-ISO 14044), which establish the criteria for the identification and creation of the environmental inventory, the analysis and interpretation of results, all with the help of the tool (SimaPro software 7.1, available version) according to the EDIP evaluation method 2003. The functional unit of production was 1 ton of chicken meat. The consumption of the mass and energy flow was quantified with a calculation base of 1 hour (mass in ton, energy in MJ). From the analysis obtained, alternatives were proposed to improve the process under study. The processes that contributed most to the generation of environmental impacts were in a 50.84% Reproductive farm associated with the consumption of energy and chemical inputs, followed by the Incubation plant (27.16%), the storage and distribution area ( 10.63%), the benefit plant (8.93%), the fattening farm (1.71%) and finally the transportation by 0.73%. An analysis was carried out based on a modification of the overall process, which consisted in suppressing the housing subprocess (laying hens) that contributed an environmental contribution of 47.1% (88% of 53.4%), as a result of the energy consumption in the Reproduction Plant; obtaining the following results; the order of maximum energy consumption was obtained by the beneficiation plant, with a percentage of participation of 39.5%, evidenced by the treatment of wastewater generated in the processes by 20% and by the consumption of energy. From the above, the importance of using alternative energies was inferred, as well as controlling the consumption of energy in the different processes that make up the poultry industry. Keywords: Life Cycle Analysis, Potential Environmental Impact, Environmental Impact Category, poultry, greenhouse gases. |
||
Evaluation of Procedures of the Party in SICONV VIEIRA, L. L. (Ministry of Planning/UnB)
|
Abstract: This article consolidates the efforts of the Research Group of Information Systems for the construction of a reference model for the management of agreements concluded on the basis of voluntary transfers funds from the Brazilian government. Here is the Consolidated Reference Model for Product Evaluation Process of the contracting party, scheduled for the 3rd stage of the research project. This model will be used as a reference to the 4th. stage of the project will be submitted when the reality of some selected sample with agreements. Experience gained in this next step will allow the consolidation of the Reference Model. An important contribution of this instrument is to facilitate the understanding of the proposals for the improvement of the processes discussed here, available to all interested parties with information regarding process redesign, since the organization to the detail of the activities of each of these processes. The results presented here do not have a character finalistic. Unlike this, aim to guide the next stage of the project which is the Survey of the Reference Model along with a set of states and municipalities, with their experiences, can contribute to the idealized model now. Keywords: Transparency in government, new technologies and public policies, government, information systems, e- Government |
||
Evaluation of the Potential of Absorption Refrigeration in Shopping Centers in Barranquilla, Colombia RODRÍGUEZ TOSCANO, A.D.A.; SAGASTUME GUTIÉRREZ A. A.; CABELLO ERAS, J.J. (Universidad de La Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This study analyzes the energy potential of an absorption cooling system with solar collectors in different shopping centers in Barranquilla. Field measurements of the refrigeration systems were made and the benefits of this technology compared to the compression refrigeration systems in use were analyzed. The results show that introducing refrigeration by absorption, can generate electricity savings of up to 74.25%, with a decrease of up to 47.12 Tonnes / year of CO2 equivalent for the percentage without the use of electricity. Keywords: Refrigeración, absorción, electricidad, colector solar y centro comercial. |
||
Evaluation of the Reverse Logistics Performance in Civil Construction HAMMES, G.; SOUZA, E.D.; RODRIGUEZ, C.M.T. (UFSC - Brazil); ROJAS, R.H.; MOJICA, J.C. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Reverse Logistics is an activity that excels adding value to customers upon returning the consumer product to its origin. This return, when applied to products at the end of its useful life, makes this practice a "green" dimension because it provides an environmentally correct disposal of waste and assists the reuse of material, recycling and remanufacturing. Therefore, the operations performance evaluation arouses interest and acquires relevance. However, this activity is still little practiced in developing countries, such as Brazil and Colombia. It is the purpose of this article, to present a model for the Reverse Logistics performance evaluation in the construction industry - one of the sectors that most generates waste and which has a tremendous economic impact on the nations. The research began with a search in databases for publications concerning the performance evaluation of this practice with the aim to serve the model construction. The search resulted in only one article in the civil construction sector. Thus, it was researched in an exploratory way for studies that would enable the mapping of reverse flows of civil construction in developing countries. From this mapping a model was elaborated with indicators that address the logistics of supplies, internal and reverse, in order to evaluate the companies performance of this sector. A test was performed in a Brazilian construction company and in another Colombian one with the aim to demonstrate its applicability, where it was possible to highlight improvement points for each company and for the model that can be reapplied in other organizations of the sector. Despite the excellent performance presented by companies, it was noticed the lack of attention with this logistics area. Keywords: Reverse logistics, Civil construction, Performance evaluation. |
||
Evaluation of the Use of Recyclable Materials for Heating Water in Swimming Pools D. V. B. Pereira (PUC-GO), A. Pasqualetto, O. R. dos Santos (PUC-GO/IFG)
|
Abstract: With the population growth and mechanization increased the demand for electricity in Brazil that causes significant environmental impacts with the construction of hydroelectric plants. Solar power helps reduce energy consumption in power plants, due to high levels of solar radiation and by being a source of renewable energy. The construction of solar collectors of recyclable materials such as PET and Tetra Pak is a way to minimize the cost of a solar collector system, solar water heating in swimming pools and consumption of electricity. This project aims to evaluate the use of recyclable materials for heating water in swimming pools, through library research and its deployment on a farm with surface area of 50 m². In assessing the thermal system (solar collector and tank), has an efficiency of 28% and a reduction of deployment costs by 50 % with other systems. Keywords: Solar energy, warming, economy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evaluation of the Removal of Heavy Metals in Sewage with the use of Wetland A. S. Melo Júnior (UNICAMP-UNIP), S. Moreira, D. M. Roston, J. E. Paternianni (UNICAMP), P. J. G. Ferreira, A. Frugoli (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Currently only 10% of sewage produced in Brazil is undergoing some kind of treatment. Getting a volume of approximately 10 billion gallons to be played every day in the country's rivers and streams, causing major environmental impacts on water resources. The deployment of wetlands also known internationally for wetlands represent an efficient technology for wastewater treatment in places of low purchasing power. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a pilot constructed wetland system, installed at UNICAMP, the removal of metals and other chemicals present in sewage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, UNICAMP using the technique for Synchrotron Radiation Total of X-Ray Reflection Fluorescence (SR-TXRF). This study is important because many researchers have studied the rate of removal of total phosphorus, DBO, DQO, fecal coliform, turbidity, etc., but there are not many studies related to analysis of metals. For the project macrophyte species were used: Typha sp. and Eleocharis sp. for the purification of sewage. There was, for example, that the system input concentration of Cr ranged from 0,050 to 2.9 mg.L-1, while the output with Typha sp concentration ranged from 0,001 to 0,050 mg.L-1 and output with Eleocharis sp rate ranged from 0,003 to 0,500 mg.L-1. Comparing the removal of P for the two macrophyte species Eleocharis sp showed better efficiency, as the removal averaged for the entire sampling period was 71,04%, while to Typha sp. the value obtained was in 23,20%. Keywords: Wetland, environment, heavy metal, total reflection [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evolution of Environmental Performance Indicators in Colombia: Case Study in Industrial Sector Cali - Yumbo GRANADA, L. F. (Universidad Libre - Colombia); COOPER, R. E. (UNICAMP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This paper shows the results of the monitoring of the application of Environmental Performance Indicators in the industrial sector between the cities of Cali and Yumbo - Colombia from 2005 to 2013. The lack of an evaluation of the indicators makes it difficult for organizations, community and state establish policies, priorities and organizational, sectoral and municipal strategies in matters of environmental management, public and commercial health. The methodology used was environmental management procedure techniques such as ISO 14031 for the selection and evaluation of 34 Indicators of Productive Action (IAP), Environmental Conditions (ICA) and Directive Performance (IAD), through a survey. The results of the evaluation of the indicators allowed identifying opportunities for productive, environmental and managerial improvement of the organizations. Likewise, to specify the potential that the manufacturing industry of these cities must participate in eco efficiency chains, markets and green businesses in the world. Keywords: Environmental Performance Indicators; ISO 14031; Cleaner Production; Environmental management. |
||
Evolution of Industrial Environmental Approaches J. C. F. Lima, E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The industrial sector has began, in the 21st century, to rethink and redesign its production processes aiming to minimize natural resources depletion, to foster the use of environmental friendly materials, to research the impact related to the products throughout their life cycle, and to recognize the interdependence between environment and industrial systems in order to change from processes based on unidirectional flows of energy and materials into closedloops systems. During this period, a number of instruments were developed to fulfill the industry needs. For that reason, this study analyzes the evolution of environmental approaches in the industrial scenario in order to discuss the instruments used to achieve the environmental sustainability of business. Keywords: Environmental approaches, corporate environmental sustainability, environmental management tools, industrial ecology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Evolution of the Environmental Management System for Enterprise in Brazil: an Exploratory Study of Certifications B. C. S. Peixe, A. C. Trierweiller, A. C. Bornia, F. S. P. Sant'anna (UFSC) |
Abstract: This research tries to reveal the information to demonstrate the performance improvement of the environmental management of businesses, from the evolution of environmental certifications as a way to give more visibility to stakeholders. The objective this research is to elicit information related to the certifications to show the evolution of the Environmental Management System (EMS) companies. This research is qualitative and its nature as it is applied, his approach is descriptive and exploratory investigations with regard to the goal, besides being made of a literature search. Was identified in the results to performance evaluation of the environmental management of companies, based on the authors of the research scope and in relation to issue certifications by the certifying body, the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO). It was found that firms use certification as one of the indicators to influence the improvement of performance and competitiveness, indicating the evolution of the system certification of environmental management in businesses and demonstrate the importance of performance evaluation in this process. Keywords: Evolution of certification, evaluation of environmental management, ISO 14001, ISO 14031 [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Experience of Recycled Paper Use in Certification Exams: on the Impacts of Convincing Suppliers to Improve Environmental Management L. R. Calado (Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität - Germany)
|
Abstract: Paper-based test application is a field in which environmental sustainability has a long path to improve before reaching desirable standards, especially at the light of techniques such as the Tree Savings Formula, whereby this Organizational Experience Report show a definite example of such statement. This paper presents a case study in which the organization that runs a countrywide test was able to convince the examination manufacturers, thereby increasing the environmental efficiency of the exam in a national scale. This result provides evidence that in persuading the agent responsible for the actual production of the exam’s paper copies to use recycled paper the leading organization executive responsible for the test achieved its goal of enhanced sustainability, with several known general benefits. Keywords: Cleaner production, recycled paper, company culture |
||
Experiential Learning: Lessons Learned from Global Higher Education Programs for Cleaner Production in Latin America MCPHERSON, S.; ANID, N. M. (New York Institute of Technology, USA)
|
Abstract: Environmental education is linked to both business and engineering in a multinational partnership called Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas. In this partnership, faculty from seven Latin American universities are collaborating on the development of curriculum, and practicum/internship experiences that will equip engineering, environmental science and business students with the technical knowledge, skills and expertise required for the promotion of cleaner production in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in each country. The anticipated outcome is to generate a workforce equipped with new knowledge, skills and attitudes toward sustainability through cleaner production, and capable of facilitating and implementing sustainable industrial development. The partner universities modified or developed new courses, conducted workshops for capacity building of faculty and businesses in their communities, and incorporated experiential learning in practicums and internships. This paper focuses on the following research questions generated for determining the impact of the experiential learning:
A student survey was developed and administered to 72 students from six participating countries. The results reflect gains in knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward cleaner production; the challenges of the experience in the context of working with a business; teamwork, communication and problem-solving work skills; and the changes in perceptions of cleaner production, social responsibility, and their role in a work setting. The survey results for the question regarding what was learned from teamwork indicate that the students perceived that they gained skills in multiple areas attributable to their experience in the practicum or internship when working as a team. Particularly strong across all participants were responses indicating increased skills in collaboration, communication, commitment to the project tasks and work ethics. Students indicated that the experiential learning changed their perceptions of teamwork and the value of working with others. The students also overwhelmingly reported that the biggest challenge of teamwork is miscommunication. The second most common response was lack of similar backgrounds within an interdisciplinary field such as sustainability in cleaner production. It is clear that students successfully gained technical skills from the course work but the experiential learning provided the context for gaining and applying social skills needed for working with others in the workplace. Keywords: Experiential Learning, Cleaner Production, Sustainable Development, Education, Practicum, Internship, Global Partnership
|
||
Exploration and Practice on the Compulsory Cleaner Production Auditing of Key Enterprise in China Song Dan-na, Duan Ning, Bai yan-ying, Yin Jie (China National Cleaner Production Center-China)
|
Abstract: The very big result in the enterprise voluntary cleaner production auditing has been obtained since cleaner production was carried out in our country, and our country has been generally acknowledged as in the best development country for cleaner production. More and more key enterprises have implemented the cleaner production auditing in recent years. The work for cleaner production has been done in recent ten years. With the annunciating key enterprises from each province environment protection hall for recent years, cleaner production auditing has been done by thousands of enterprises involving in more than twenty industries. Through the key enterprises of compulsory auditing of exploration and practice, this article on the key enterprises of compulsory cleaner production auditing need, innovation, implementation of status and elaborating the problems. Keywords: Key enterprise, compulsory cleaner production auditing, auditing practice |
||
Exploring the Potentialities of Emergy Accounting in Studying the Limits of Growth for Urban Productive Systems BALASTRERO JR., O. (IFSP); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Cities are important urban productive systems in which its main goal could be considered as the innovation supplierto generate economic growth. As well as all social organization managed by economies of scale, cities have a tendency of eventually reduce or even stop its growth. In this scenario, public policies are essential to avoid a potential collapse of society. The sustainability of cities have been studied through different methodological approaches, but few scientific works assessed the limits of its growth. This work aims to explore the potentialities of emergy accounting (with an “m”) in the discussions about the limits of growth for urban productive systems. The cities named Araraquara, BragançaPaulista, Campinas, São Paulo, and Taubaté were considered as case study due to their socio-economic importance within São Paulo State boundaries, Brazil. Time leg considered was from 1999 to 2011. Results indicate that all assessed cities have the same development pattern as showed by the dynamics of “empower” (in seJ/yr), in which the differences are related to current development degree of cities. In parallel, all assessed cities showed an increase in their efficiency estimated by the conversion of input materials and energy (measured in seJ) into outputs of goods and services (measured in $), however, the efficiency stabilization along all evaluated period was not observed. This suggests that limits of growth as hypothesized in this work does not exist, or it was not reached yet, or even the time leg considered was not long enough to observe that stabilization. Although results did not allow to verify the limits of growth for the assessed cities, this work can be considered important due to its methodological approach used in assessing urban productive system, including the top-down approach, the input-output model of systems functioning, and the proposition of rainfall transformity calculates as the thermal exchange (14,150 seJ/J). Keywords: Cities, Emergy, Empower, Limits of growth, Rainfall transformity [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
External Auditing of Corporate Social Responsibility Projects: Case Study of CSR Projects for Energy Company in Thailand NIYOMMANEERAT, W.; BOONPRAMOTE, T.; CHAVALPARIT, O. (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok - Thailand)
|
Abstract: The concept of auditing CSR toward sustainble development is connected with social, environmental and economic dimensions. Today, growing number of companies issuing such CSR projects is a part of their annual reporting. Despite there are problem in evaluting their quality. Each of the projects is different in the contexts and characteristics; consequently, the results of the CSR project are diverse. The aim of this paper is to design and determine the key performances indicators for comprehensive evaluation of sustainability CSR projects. Four CSR project case studies of energy company in Thailand are also used to verfiy the proposed methodology which based on ISO26000:2010 and GRI:G4 guideline. The study showed that the projects are worth for the investment as the “Social return on investment” (SROI) was greater than 1 in all of the CSR projects. Also, the CSR projects can reduce the cost and increase revenue for participating communities according to the value of direct economic value generated and distributed from the positive impacts of environmental and social conditions by the project operation. For the environmental indcators, GHG emission mitigation from the project operation is considered and converted to carbon credite value. Socail performances indicators were evaluted in the form of the value or benefit for community or society from project operarion. Sustainbility of CSR projects offers a comprehensive principle to create shared value in order to build a more satisfaction on stakeholders, sustainable development toward society in collaboration with economic success. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability Development, Economic indicators, Environmental indicators, Social indicators.
|
||
Extraction of Caffeine from the Husk of Coffea arabica C. R. Cardoso, F. F. G. Telles, J. V. Nicolini, R. Santório, M. R. T. Halasz (DEQ / FAACZ) |
Abstract: The high amount of waste generated in coffee stimulates studies of valorization ways of these. In order to make use of the coffee husk and decrease the generated environmental impacts in this activity, this study aims to define a caffeine extraction and purification methodology from Coffea arabica husk using dichloromethane as extracter solvent. The extraction of caffeine was performed using coffee husk roasted at 160 ºC for a period of 5 minutes, by direct contact with agitation, indirect contact using Soxhlet and direct contact without agitation for 8 hours, resulting in 50% , 47% and 40% efficiencies respectively. Aiming to evaluate the direct contact with agitation method, the extraction efficiency behavior was determined according 1, 4 and 8 hours extraction times, obtaining 32%, 33% and 55% respectively, suggesting efficiency increase in over time. For the same method in order to analyze the extraction efficiency behavior according the husk/solvent ratio of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20, getting 51%, 55% and 21,1% respectively, indicating an efficiency decrease according to husk/solvent ratio decrease. The caffeine extraction efficiency from this study was compared with some references data and these reviews can be seen that dichloromethane is another alternative of organic solvent to extract caffeine. In the caffeine purification was used a methodology in which the caffeine was treated with calcium oxide, activated coal and submitted to crystallization and adsorption process. The results showed that is possible to obtain an 99,95% efficiency and a 90,58% purity. Keywords: Coffee husk, caffeine, extraction, purification [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
F - L |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Factors Analysis on Promotion of Cleaner Production in Compulsory Enterprises Dan Zhigang; Duan Ning; Yu Xiuling; Yin Jie; Bai Yanying; Song Dan-na (National Cleaner Production Center - China)
|
Abstract: Effects of economy, pollution press and external conditions on promotion of cleaner production (CP) in compulsory enterprises were analyzed by regression method. As results, promotion of CP in compulsory enterprises depend on economy and pollution press presently. This drives greater role of the driving forces are internal, external role to be strengthened. At present, the per capita GDP for each additional 10,000 Yuan increases compulsory enterprises audited rate by 5.9 percent, sulfur dioxide emissions per capita for each additional 10kg will lead to compulsory enterprises audited rate increased by 0.8%. In future, the main power for promotion of CP in compulsory enterprises come from improving external conditions such as relevant systems, regulatory policies, incentives and public participation. Keywords: Compulsory enterprises, cleaner production, promotion, factors analysis |
||
Factors that Influence the Consumption of Organic Foods TRENTO L. (UNISINOS - Brazil) GOECKS L. S. (UNISINOS/UNIPAMPA - Brazil); SOUZA, M.; DAUER, M. (UNISINOS - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that contribute to the consumption of organic foods in the southern region of Brazil. To identify the factors that influence the consumption of organic foods, a questionnaire was applied, resulting in 312 respondents. Where the method used to analyze the responses was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research showed that the main factors that influence consumption are: health, price, knowledge about organic foods. Producers are encouraged to invest in increasing knowledge diffusion; the benefits provided by organic food and work to reduce costs to match prices to conventional products. Future studies may review the question of the influence of relationships, family, and partners, on organic consumption. Also, the deepening of the factors that would influence nonconsumers because it is the largest existing market. Finally, we believe that increasing organic consumption will enable cleaner food production. Keywords: Organic food; consumption of organic foods; consumer behavior; incentive factors; influencers. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Feasibility of Using Scrap Tires How the Composition of Concrete Aggregates Sidewalk to Rubber A. C. A. Romualdo, D. E. dos Santos, L. M. de Castro (IFG), W. P. de Menezes (Furnas Electric Center), A. Pasqualetto, O. R. dos Santos (IFG)
|
Abstract: The disposal of scrap tires has become an environmental problem evident. The objective is to develop a technology that is capable of reusing these wastes inserting them into the composition of concrete paving of sidewalks, replacing the fine aggregate. For four traits that were made of concrete, one conventional and three with the addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of zest tires. The tests were conducted at ages 3, 7 and 28 days in body-in- cylindrical specimens of dimensions 10 cm x 20 cm and body-of-proof prismatic of dimensions 5cm x 5cm x 20cm, evaluating properties such as tensile and compressive strength in flexion, respectively. The results showed that the trait that best satisfy the use for paving sidewalks was 5% plus tire fibers, however, despite losing in strength, the concrete rubber won in other mechanical properties inherent in conventional concrete, mainly related to flexibility. The use of concrete could promote the reduction of scrap tires improperly disposed into the environment. Keywords: Scrap tires, fiber, rubber, concrete, resistance [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Fencing Blocks Using Recycled Rubble R. M. Abreu; R. W. Lopes; R. Arzak, A. E. Salvi (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The study checks the possibility of making fencing blocks from civil construction rubble and residues, RDC, the latter in compliance with the classes established by Resolution 307 of the CONAMA, which are residues of class A, B and C. Two methods of blocks production were prepared: the first one using wooden forms in non commercial sizes and smaller scales; the second method using forms and industrial equipments which are currently in use for the production of commercial concrete blocks. The results showed the viability of making fencing blocks by recycling the rubble. Keywords: Recycling, rubble, blocks of fence [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Fenton-Like Reactions for Effluent Remediation of Cassava Processing LEIFELD, V.; ZENI, J. C.; LEON, G. V.; IGARASHI-MAFRA, L. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Manipueira is an effluent derived from processing of cassava flour and starch. Due to its high organic load, attributed to presence of high concentrations of carbohydrates, it causes an environmental impact when untreated. Conventional treatment processes are inefficient and, thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate Fenton and photo-Fenton like reactions for treatment of manipueira, using ferrous ions derived from preliminary coagulation step. Raw effluent was characterized and compared with subsequent results in terms of turbidity, absorbance (A/A0), electrical conductivity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The reactions were evaluated by 3 variations of pH and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, verifying more relevant analytical responses in terms of color and turbidity. At higher pH and peroxide concentration, a decay of 64% was observed in relation to turbidity and 27% in relation to COD. Therefore, the use of iron remaining in preliminary treatment stage shows a great potential for making tertiary treatment more economical and less aggressive to environment, by the reduced production of residual sludge, which reduces polluting potential of the effluent also in terms of solid waste. Keywords: Agroindustrial Effluent, Advanced Oxidative Process, Tertiary Treatment |
||
Fenton's Reaction by Sulphide Oxidation on Coal Mining Rejects CIVEIRA, M. S.; LIMA, B. D.; SILVA, L. F. O.; OLIVEIRA, M. L. S.; KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (La Salle Universitary Center)
|
Abstract: Fenton’s reaction is used in acceleration weathering test for sulphides associated with Brazilian Coal Mining Residues (CMR), that are vulnerable to oxygen and water during the mining of coal. TEM and SEM/EDX were used to determinate the origin, occurrence and ordering of minerals in remaining coals and other lithological units, before and after applying the test. Oxidation of CMRs was analysed by determination soluble sulphur (sulphate) and dissolved metals by ICP-MS or ICP OES. As dissolved sulphate increases, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu and Co concentrations increase, conducting to undetectable amounts in the remaining solid phases; dissolved Ni and Mn also increase with the mobilized sulphur, but the remainder in the solids is the most relevant fraction; Fe and Pb are not mobilized due to precipitation as jarosite or hematite in the case of Fe or as sulphate in the case of Pb. Agreement between the observed results and the predictions by geochemical modelling is discussed. The accelerated weathering procedure based on Fenton’s Reaction has shown the release of toxic metals from the sulphide fractions associated with coal residues. The use of SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD, ICP-MS and ICP OES analyses were conducted on various samples from the Santa Catarina coal region with the aim of improving the understanding of the mineralogy and geochemistry of CMRs. The measurements were conducted on the original materials as well as on the materials left after applying the accelerated oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly with the theoretical predictions by geochemical modelling, the experimental results demonstrate the effective oxidation of pyrite, as well as the other metal sulphides, by hydrogen peroxide within a short time period complete after 72 h. In terms of relative mobility (% of total metal released during the test), Cu, Co, Cd and Zn appear as metals of high mobility, liberating practically all total content. The released concentration of Ni and Mn increases as sulphate increases but a considerable concentration of both metals remains immobile in the solid phases. The Fe presentes a relatively lower release, because it suffers processes of further immobilization after pyrite oxidation, even at lower pH values, due to secondary mineral precipitation, such as jarosite; this fact considerably limits its mobility. Finally, Pb presents a practically null mobility and it does not represent a risk of potential contamination even in samples with high sulphide concentrations due to the possible formation of insoluble lead sulphate. Keywords: Fenton’s Reaction, accelerated weathering, coal mining residues, environmental impact
|
||
Financial analysis of electric shower substitution by gas heater: a final user perception C. C. Silva (UNIP); F. R. M. Marques (BSP-Business School - SP)
|
Abstract: Natural gas has gained importance as a multiple-use fuel, and its use as substitute for the electricity used in electric shower is gaining attention. This study aims to use financial methods to obtain indicators which allow a comparison among the most common domiciliary water heating systems as found in the market. The consumer’s view is considered by accounting for all costs related to acquisition and usage of the compared water heater systems. Keywords: Electrical shower bath, electrical and gas heating [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Firewood Consume Reduction through Cleaner Production: A Red Ceramic Industry Case A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; E. P. de Almeida; L. R. Porto; T. C. B. Pereira (CEPIS-PB); C. Buser (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz - Switzerland)
|
Abstract: The consumption of firewood by some companies is responsible for the third highest production cost, thus the misuse of this energetic resource may cause many economic and environmental losses. By recognizing this important issue, this work is focused on the energy and mass balances assessment of a tunnel kiln of a red ceramic manufacturer. From the assessment of the main inputs and outputs of the company – ‘green’ (unfired) bricks, fired bricks, firewood, energy and gas -, results show that there are some potentialities in implementing cleaner production practices to allow the company achieves economic and environmental benefits, such as: heat recovering of the chimney, standardization of the heat distribution in the heated zone, and an increase in the air flow from the cooling area to the firing zone. Keywords: Tunnel kiln, firewood and heat [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Firm’s Sustainable Performance: Proposal of an Evaluation Index for a Chemical Brazilian Company SCHOLL C. A. (Braskem-SP); HOURNEAUX JUNIOR, F. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to propose a model for building a Composite Index of Sustainable Development - ICDS (in Portuguese), from the aggregation of various indicators of economic, environmental and social dimensions, for the purpose of tracking sustainability-related performance of a particular company. Indicators related to the topics considered strategic for one company, after selection, are normalized, weighted and aggregated into three sub-indices to finally be joined and make it possible to generate an overall indicator. The method was applied in Braskem, a the biggest chemical Brazilian company, where the composite index was calculated using the indicators reported by this company in the past four years, according to what is recommended by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The weighting of indicators was supported by the macro-objectives from company’s vision, and to strategic indicators higher weights were considered. The results of the application of this model were considered satisfactory, because in addition to providing partial numbers for each performance dimension evaluated, it was shown that the tool showed great flexibility in the steps of selection, normalization and weighting of indicators, making it possible the application in different contexts and companies. Keywords: SustainabilityiIndicators, sustainability evaluation model, chemical industry, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) |
||
Flexible PVC, Plasticizers and New Trends MANCINI, S. D.; MATTOS, B. B.; PINTO, L. M. H.; SILVA, G. B. (UNESB); RODOLFO JUNIOR, A. (Brasken)
|
Abstract: In 2011, the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) consumption in Brazil was more than double than the total of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), reaching more than 1.16 million tons. From this, almost 38% were employed in flexible application such as packaging (films, mainly), laminates (e.g. floorings), wire, cables and hoses. In this application, it is common the use of plasticizers, chemical components that stay between polymeric chains, decreasing the attraction between them by diminishing the strength of the secondary bonds that, and consequently, decreases the material resistance to deformation. The objective of this paper was to present the national and international trends related to the replacement of plasticizers employed in flexible PVC, mainly the most consumed of them, the dicotylphthalte (DOP). This plasticizer, despite the excellent cost/performance ratio, presents restrictions related to its use in some applications (for instance, packaging, toys and school supplies), due to the possibility of contaminating the products in which they are employed. Outside Brazil, one of the most common options is dioctylterephthalate, that can be produced from chemical recycling of PET bottles and does not present any restrictions. Keywords: PVC, PET, DOP, DOTP, plasticizer [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
From Modern Thermodynamics to How Nature Works – a View of Emergent Paradigms Associated with Sustainability E. Bittencourt (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The importance of the second law of thermodynamics, already called the most metaphysical of all laws of nature, as key to understand the questions of ecology and sustainability is discussed, as well as the a fast paced conceptual evolution that gained momentum in the last 50 years, changing our view of Nature. Classical thermodynamics, is associated with the tendency to disorganization, while nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics, introduces the concept of emerging ordered dissipative structures, a necessary tool to deal with the nature of living beings and its social, economic and ecological aggregates. Most introductory texts in thermodynamics are limited in scope , restricting the expositions to the study of equilibrium systems- meaning the study of idealized, infinitely slow process, hardly a situation encountered by the professional life, and far away from how nature works, as an coherent and complex aggregate of dissipative processes. Dissipative structures are living (i.e. amoeba and humans), and non-living (i.e. tornadoes, hurricanes, the gulfstream), or composed by non-living and living, like economies, factories, social structures. The author’s teaching experience gives evidence that undergraduate students are ill prepared for the discovery and fascination of how nature works, and consequently striving for sustainability. Systems of major interest to the issue of sustainability are open, coherent, purposive, and irreversible. Irreversible thermodynamics is presented as an element for the understanding and unification of a wide range of disciplines needed by the student, but still subjected to a fragmentation of a somewhat bureaucratic nature. This integration benefited from the enormous development of computers, and its use in the study, as an example, of nonlinear dynamics system with wide applications in various fields including engineering, biology, ecology, economics, and sociology. Keywords: Thermodynamics, open systems, non-linear dynamics, sustainability |
||
From the Amazon’s Traditional Knowledge to Innovation: An Study of SME Natural Medicines Producers in Manaus BOTELHO, L. (IFAM/Erasmus University); PUGA, S. M. F. (IFAM) CAMPOS, I. (UFPA); CHAVES, F. C. M. (EMBRAPA)
|
Abstract: Using the approach of Local Productive Arrangement we did a case study on innovation in Manaus (Amazonas/Brazil) with the goal of researching Micro and Small Companies which, together with local research and fostering institutions, make up an agglomerate which produces cosmetics and medicines based on indigenous knowledge and natural prime materials from the Amazon. Considering the neo-schunpeterian methodology, we found that there are product and process innovations, and at the same time we find characteristics of an underdeveloped economy. In spite of the difficulties we show that it is possible to innovate in regions on the periphery of global capitalism, such as the Amazon. There is a need for more robust institutions to increase feasibility of cooperation based on mutual trust. We conclude that to intensify the innovation processes in the value chains we need greater local content and not only prime materials, thus including specialized services and products and capital assets. Notwithstanding, even recognizing recent conquests, we finalize this Project also mentioning huge barriers in the regulatory apparatus (legislation) that need to be overcome. Keywords: Micro and Small Companies, Amazon, Traditional Knowledge, Innovation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Fiscal Stimulus to the Green Economy. A case Study about a Tax Incentive for PET Recycling DENNY, D. M. T. (USP/Pinheiro Pedro Lawyers); PEDRO, A. F. P.; MEKHITARIAN, K. C.; SILVA, E. M.; FIORINI, K.; LIBARDI, I.; ONOHARA, A.; MEDICI, F. (Pinheiro Pedro Lawyers)
|
Abstract: This paper discusses the importance of Brazil for the implementation of the Green Economy, the role of laws inducing sustainable development and the role of taxation to promote socially and environmentally responsible development. Consider the specific case of positive results obtained mainly in São Paulo, Brazil, with the taxwaiver of 60% of the tax ‘imposto sobre a circulação de mercadorias e serviços’- ICMS, done by the National Tax Policy Committee. The agreement 08/03, which was consolidated by tax waives encouraged the collection of PET packaging, created jobs, protected the environment and stimulated recycling. Keywords: Development, Environment, Taxation, PET Packaging
|
||
Fuzzy Logic Controller of Voltage for a Permanent Magnet Wind Generator PARDO GARCIA; A.; CAZES ORTEGA, R.; DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, J. L. (Universidade de Pamplona - Colombia); FANDIÑO PELAYO, J. (Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo - Colombia)
|
Abstract: In this article, a diffuse voltage controller is designed to perform the battery charge control, increasing the useful life of the battery, ensuring that the voltage of the three-phase permanent magnet wind generator (PMWG)-rectifier system is improved. The use of clean energies has become more common in our environment due to the low contamination that these systems present, such as wind generation systems. The design and simulation of a controller is done through the fuzzy tool box of the Matlab, a controller in fuzzy logic for a permanent magnets wind generator. With the simulation we can observe the behavior of the controller at different disturbance signals. Keywords: Clean energy, fuzzy logic, PM wind generator, wind energy. |
||
Gas Mitigation Strategies Greenhouse In Brazilian Livestock SANTOS, K. A. (UFGD), TEDESCO, B. (UFGD/IFRS), RUVIARO, C. F. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: Efficient practices for reducing emissions has a direct link between the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions and the efficiency with which producers use natural resources. Possible interventions to reduce emissions are largely based on technologies and practices that improve production efficiency levels in animals and herd. They include the use of a better quality and power balancing to reduce breakthrough emissions. Breeding improvement and animal health helps reduce flock overhead and related emissions. Management practices of waste to ensure the recovery and recycling of nutrients and energy contained in manure and improvements in efficiency of energy use over supply chains can further contribute to the mitigation. Keywords: Mitigation, greenhouse gases, livestock [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Geochemical of Volcanic Rock Powder Sample from Serra Geral Formation: An Important Remineralizer DALMORA, A. C., RAMOS, C. G., SILVA, L. F. O.; KAUTZAMNN, R. M. (La Salle Universitary Center)
|
Abstract: Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of volcanic rock residue, from a crushing plant in the Nova Prata Mining District, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in this work named rock powder, were investigated in view to define its potential application as soil amendment in agriculture. About 52,400 m3 of mining waste are generated annually in the city of Nova Prata without a proper disposal. The nutrients potentially available to plants were evaluated through leaching laboratory tests.Nutrient leaching tests were performed in Milli-Q water; citric acid solution 1% and 2% (AC); and oxalic acid solution 1% and 5% (AO). The bulk and leachable contents of 57 elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Mining waste was made up by CaO, K2O, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and P2O5. The analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the major occurrence of quartz, Ca-plagioclase, cristobalite, sanidine, and augite. The water leachable concentrations of all elements studied were lower than 1.0 mg/kg, indicating their low solubility. Leaching tests in acidic media yield larger leachable fractions for all elements being studied are in the leachate of the AO 1%. These data demonstrates that volcanic rock powder is a potential natural fertilizer for agriculture in the Mining District of the Nova Prata, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Keywords: Mining waste, volcanic rock, particle characterization, leaching of nutrient, nutrient availability
|
||
Geospatial assessment of the wind energy for an onshore project in the Caribbean region of Colombia - PABÓN HERNÁNDEZ S. M. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Colombia is setting a national renewable energy target providing a clear indication of the level of renewable energy development and the timeline envisioned by 2020 with almost the 7% of the energy production excluding large hydropower plants shall be generated from renewable energies. In Colombia the wind potential is outstanding, the Northern Caribbean region of the country alone has almost 20.000 MW of capacity (Huertas L., 2007) but the real wind energy potential of all Colombia´s regions has to be defined, for this reason, this study is a useful start to generate research findings to uncover suitable sites for developing wind energy. This study provides a more precise and differentiated assessment for an onshore wind energy farm in the Northern Caribbean region of Colombia selecting study areas of three Colombian’s departments (Atlantic, Magdalena and La Guajira). Likewise, wind energy potential assessment integrates socio-political, environmental and techno-economic criterion in a geographic information system (GIS) combining with a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) with its analytical hierarchy process approach. The purpose to find potential sites for build wind farms combining geographic information systems (GIS) and multi criteria decision making (MCDM) with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach.Since onshore wind energy siting is inherently multifaceted, an approach capable of evaluating several criteria simultaneously must be used. Geographic information system(GIS) have the ability to assimilate, analyse, and visualise multiple spatial data sets that pertain to the different factors used for site selection, but GIS is limited in its capacity to assign values to these factors. Thus, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) must be generated since this approach has been shown to be an effective technique for assigning values to different criteria, and it is compatible with the functionality of GIS. Generating three models, the restriction model, which will indicate the areas excluded to develop wind farms, the rated model performing an evaluation of the different criteria used to develop a wind farm. The result of these models can be easily displayed on the web to provide free, quick access for those interested in onshore wind energy siting, and increasing access to this type of information has been shown to enhance public participation in the siting process, Following the result of the suitability model, 3.1% of the total study area is characterized by very high suitability (value score 5), 37.73% by high suitability (value score 4), 2% medium suitability (value score 3), low suitability (value score 2), and the rest 55.24% is excluded area (value score 0). Based on these findings, there is sufficient space available for developing a wind farm in the north Caribbean region, especially in the selected study area. This study can have an extraordinary impact on the public through the production of interactive web-based maps, promoting wind energy planners and renewable energies students to develop wind farms with different constraint and criteria. Keywords: Affordable and clean energy, climate action, onshore wind farm, wind potential, geographic information system (GIS), multiple criteria decisions, MCDM, analytical hierarchy process (AHP). |
||
Global and Local Environmental Issues in Brazilian Semiarid, a Study Sertão of Moxotó EL-DEIR, S. G.; PINHEIRO, S. M. G.; SANTOS, L. A.; MELO, M. B. C.; LOPES, I. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Global environmental problems and local shape in daily challenges to the adaptation potential of people, by changes in their modus operandi and the advance of technology focused on possible solutions. However, to do so, there´s an initial need, realize and understand these changes. Among the identified areas that suffer greater consequences fruit climate change, we highlight the Brazilian semiarid region, which is to have lower rainfall and higher concentration of rainfall, which will set a worsening water security problems, food and nutrition present in the region. This article studies the environmental perception in the semiarid through a time series from 2009 to 2013, also seeking to understand the impact of university extension activities. Keywords: Environmental perception, Climate change, Social empowerment, Environmental management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Global Efficiency of the Brazilian Soybean Transportation for Exportation: Road Versus Railroad Systems RICHARD SILVA, T. (UNIP/FATEC); AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The efficient flow of Brazilian agricultural and industrial production to the exporting ports is considered as fundamental to guarantee quality and competitiveness to Brazilian products. Currently, the road system comprises 61% of the Brazilian transport matrix, followed by rail 21% and waterway 18%. Strategic plans by the government point to subsidizing the growth of the railway modality to reach 35% of the transport matrix, but generally these decisions are based exclusively on economic indicators. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the emergy (written with "m") global efficiency of the road and rail modes in Brazil. Due to its importance in the Brazilian gross domestic product, the soybean commodity is considered as a case study (year 2014/2015), and the boundaries of the evaluated system includes its production at Mato Grosso State to the Port of Santos city. Results indicate an emergy demand for the road system of 6.25E5 sej/ton.km, while the rail system demands 73.9E5 sej/ton.km. These values represent an emergy global efficiency of approximately 12 times higher for the road system, being, therefore, the modal that should be promoted from an emergy perspective. Anyhow, it is recognized the need in considering other aspects as economic, social, logistics, etc., to subsidize a better informed decision. Keywords: Emergy accounting, Santos port, Soybean, Road transport, Railroad transport |
||
Global Productivity and Ecoefficiency on Sustainable Performance of Agroindustrial Chains PREVEZ, L.; BONILLA, S. H.; GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two green coffee supply chains for export. Results show that there is a compromise between the efficient of direct and indirect use of fossil fuels included in the whole process and reflected in the global Eco efficiency index, developed during this work, and the global productivity that accounts for the total services of biosphere. The combination of both indices seems promissory as a tool to assess economic, social and environmental performance of agro-industrial supply chains. Keywords: Global Productivity, Global Eco-efficiency, supply chain, coffee [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Global Reporting Initiative's Sustainability Report: What Does It Really Indicates? AMARAL, P.L.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The growing number of stakeholders that consider aspects of sustainability in their decisions requires larger amount and quality of information. In this sense, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) proposed a standard to disclose sustainability aspects of companies, named sustainability report. The use of GRI standards by companies has been growing worldwide and it is considered a step forward in the search for sustainability. Companies that disclose sustainability aspects based on the GRI standards are being labeled as sustainable, and generally they achieve benefits compared to those ones that do not belong to GRI. Although considered a positive approach towards companies sustainability, the GRI does not has a metric or scientific approach in calculating quantitative sustainability indicators, which raises doubts about the sustainability degree for those GRI companies. This work evaluates comparatively the performance of companies that belong to the GRI with the sustainability indicator based on the input-output thermodynamic analysis (YLR). One representative company from the 33 economic sectors was considered as case study. Surveys were applied to experts in sustainability, and the content analysis method was used to quantify the existing information in the GRI reports. Results show a non-correlation between GRI G4 and YLR, because the Pearson and Spearman coefficients obtained were -0.167 and 0.193 respectively; this indicates a non-linear correlation and non-similar classification between GRI G4 and YLR. The obtained results highlights that GRI companies are not, mandatorily, synonyms of sustainable companies. Sustainability reports as the one supported by GRI are important alternatives and should be promoted, but the GRI developers could demand for quantitative aspects into the reports, mainly those aspects related to resource usage and waste generation by companies. Keywords: GRI, Sustainability, Sustainability Report, TIOA. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Glycerol: An Innovative Energy Source From Biodiesel Production B. R. L. Gonçalves; L. Perez; A. C. D. Ângelo (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The world concern on applying public policies focused mainly on environmental-friendly energy production is observed in a great deal nowadays. In this viewpoint biofuels assume an outstanding position since they present a large number of benefits and advantages when compared to the fossil ones. Among those benefits it is possible to point out the reducing emanation of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect, possibility of carry out regional, social and agricultural development and both in a sustainable way. Biodiesel is an example of biofuel that has been carried a great deal of effort to become applicable in the productive net. This fuel is obtained from biological and, consequently, renewable sources as vegetable oils and animal fat, and it presents a strong biodegradable characteristic. No less important, biodiesel produces a low amount of pollutant gases from its oxidation process and it can replace with advantages several fossil derivative compounds. Biodiesel is obtained from the transesterification reaction of distinct kind of oils that, under the action of a catalyst, chemically react with an alcohol (usually methanol or ethanol) producing esters (biodiesel) and glycerol as sub-product. Brazil has assumed a remarkable position in the world energy scenario with the biodiesel production and policy of use in its fleet oh heavy duty vehicles. As a consequence of this policy (PROBIODIESEL) is it planned for the next decades a gradual addition of the biodiesel to regular diesel (up to 20% rich biodiesel fuel in 15 years). It can be easily predicted a real problem concerning the use of the waste glycerol from this growing demand of biodiesel. As a matter of fact, for each ton of produced biodiesel it is parallelly obtained 100kg of waste glycerol that can become an adverse result to the biodiesel economy. This paper proposes the use of waste glycerol from biodiesel production as a fuel in fuel cells. This highly promising proposal corresponds to the oxidation of this alcohol in a Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell. The reaction can potentially produce three times more energy than methanol under the same experimental conditions, with the additional advantages of non-flammability and non-volatility characteristics. In conclusion, the paper will discuss the state-of-the-art of this technology in the light of the future Brazilian bio-energy scenario. Keywords: Biofuel, biodiesel, glycerol, fuel cell [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Green Analysis of Steroids for Clinical Purposes: The Use Of Ethanol as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Solid-Phase Extraction CARDOZO, K. H. M.; NAKAMURA, O.; ERNESTO, V. A. R. T.; CAVASSIN, E. D.; GONÇALVES, A. S. E. (Fleury Group); GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP); CARVALHO, V. M. (Fleury Group)
|
Abstract: The paper describes the use of a “green” automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for the analysis of androstenedione and testosterone in human serum. The on-line SPE was performed using aqueous ethanol for cleanup and analyte extraction instead of aqueous acetonitrile. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, a range of samples were extracted using aqueous ethanol and the result s were compared with the traditional method with acetonitrile. Results showed good agreement between extraction, however, on-line SPE with ethanol provides more environmentally friendly alternative by reducing hazardous waste and potential environmental pollution. Ethanol has better EHS (environmental, health and safety) properties than acetonitrile, such biodegradability and it is considered to be a “bio-solvent”, i.e. produced with renewable resources (by fermentation processes). Therefore, its manipulation is less harmful for analysts. The strategy showed to be possible allied efficiency, safety and high quality with cleaner production practices. Keywords: Cleaner production, ethanol, steroids, green solid-phase extraction, LC-MS/MS [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Green Issues in the Supply Chain Management Training TRAMARICO, C. L.; SALOMON, V. A. P.; MARINS, F. A. S. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Green Supply Chain Management is an important issue for organizations that spend significant yearly investments on personnel training. Although these investments present positive effects, the manner to assess the effectiveness of training is unclear. A research that carries out multi-criteria training assessment for Green Supply Chain Management through the process and presentation of the model based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model is hereby depicted. Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied in the solution considering Plan, Source, Make and Deliver as criteria, and individual and organizational benefits are identified alternatives in a chemical industry. The modelling considered pairwise judgments for criteria and ratings or absolute measure for alternatives. The main result of the analysis revealed that training essentially contributes to the organization, resulting in the perception of 88% for organizational benefits, and 78% for individual benefits. This result was presented to managers of the company, and they validated it as consistent and applicable in practice. Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process, Green Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Management, Training
|
||
Green Manufacturing Process of Vanadium Pentoxide Via Ammonium Leaching of Vanadium Slag ZHANG H. L.; XU H. B.; DONG Y. M.; PEI L. L.; TIAN Y.; ZHU G. J. (CRAES, China); LIU Y. Y. (CRAES/Hebei University of Science and Technology, China); YU, K. P. (CRAES/Fuzhou University, China); ZHANG Y. (CRAES, China)
|
Abstract: As the major resources for vanadium extraction, vanadium slag is typically obtained from the oxygen blowing of the molten pig iron during steelmaking process using titanomagnetite ores. At present, sodium salt roasting is the most commonly used process for extracting vanadium from vanadium slag. Unfortunately, serious environmental problems are created through discharging sodium sulfate waste residue, ammonium-nitrogen waste water, and caustic gases from the roasting process. Besides, the overall vanadium recovery is no higher than 85%. A green process has been developed at the laboratory scale for the extraction of vanadium and the manufacturing of vanadium pentoxide from vanadium slag. The process involves the following steps: (1) the selective oxidization of vanadium by roasting the vanadium slag in oxidative atmosphere; (2) the extraction of vanadium from the roasted slag by ammonium leaching; (3) the separation of the leach liquor from the extracted vanadium residue; (4) the cooling crystallization of ammonium metavanadate from the liquor; (5) the manufacturing of vanadium pentoxide by calcination of the ammonium metavanadate; and (6) the recovery of ammonium salt solution. In comparison with the sodium salt roasting technology, the new process is environmentally friendly and cost efficient. The ammonia gas was absorbed and recycled as ammonium salt solution by carbonation. The crystallization mother solution and the washing water could be recycled in the leaching step. Therefore, the low value-added sodium sulfate waste residue and ammonium-nitrogen waste water can be eliminated. Besides, as chromium in the roasted slag was remained trivalent attributed to the selective oxidization, only vanadium could be extracted out in the ammonium leaching step. Consequently, the puzzling problem for separating chromium and vanadium was settled, and the reduced vanadium-chromium precipitate in the sodium salt roasting process was eliminated. Moreover, the extracted vanadium residue obtained in this process, with a relatively low sodium content, was mainly comprised of chromic oxide and iron oxide and can be utilized economically via recycling in the blast furnace or manufacturing chromium-iron alloy. The overall vanadium recovery could reach 95% or higher. The purity of the vanadium pentoxide product was even higher than 99.5%. Keywords: Vanadium slag, leaching, ammonium, ammonium metavanadate, vanadium pentoxide
|
||
Green Seal and Cleaner Production for the Furniture Sector: A Theoretical Discussion SILVA, C. (UFBA/IFAL); CÉSAR, S. F. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: The furniture companies start to adopt a new approach incorporating the environmental variable in their strategic decisions as a way to gain competitive advantage in the market. Thus, the pursuit of sustainability shall constitute a new market opportunity. Obtaining a Green Seal has been one of the ways that companies found to present themselves as green companies. In Brazil, the furniture sector is at a more advanced stage due to be a sector with export profile and have to meet the new requirements of international trade. This work aims to discuss the prospects of the adoption of green seal for the furniture sector based on Cleaner Production methodology as a way to adapt and obtain green label. The theoretical discussion presented in this paper will serve as a basis for the research project of the Industrial Engineering Program at Federal University of Bahia - PEI / UFBA with the Clean Technology Network - TECLIM aiming to get the Doctor's degree in Industrial Engineering from one of the authors. Keywords: Green Seal, cleaner production, furniture sector [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Green Supply Chain Management: A Study on Criteria Selection and Collaboration with Suppliers AGUIAR, J. A. (IFRN); PIMENTA, C. D. (IFRN/Cranfield University-UK); BALL, P. D. (Cranfield University-UK)
|
Abstract: The aim of the work presented is to understand the green supply management practices in terms of criteria selection of suppliers and partnership to improve environmental stance of suppliers adopted by a textile industry responsible for yarn manufacturing, located in Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). Therefore, it was analyzed the company's behavior with the suppliers regarding the adoption of sustainable supply chain management practices. A questionnaire whose analysis criteria were selected from literature was applied with key individuals of the company.Regarding the practice of environmental management in the supply chain, it was found that the company worked with its suppliers through collaborative approach. Direct involvement activities justified this positioning of the company, since it promotes training activities to improve the environmental performance of its partners, and collaborates in the development of the initial suppliers’ weaknesses and works with them to develop products. Again, the company uses the environmental variable in a competitive way, including its suppliers in its strategic environmental approach. Keywords: Green supply chain management, selection criteria, collaboration, suppliers |
||
Greenhouse Gas Inventory of the State of Sonora, México ZEPEDA, D. S.; MUNGUIA, N.E.; SANCHEZ, B. C.; MACHADO, C. L.; ESQUER, J.; VELAZQUEZ, L.E. (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: In the last decades, as part of the urgency of solving environmental problems, several agreements have been generated regarding the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) (Diamantoudi and Sartezetakis, 2006). The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC for its acronym in English) seek the stabilization of GHG emissions with respect to the preindustrial era (Duarte, 2006). The Paris Agreement in 2015 established GHG reduction targets for developed countries and committed them to financially support developing countries (Martínez, 2017). However, the commitments of the nations involved in taking strategic measures to reduce the generation of GHG are still insufficient to minimize climate change (La Jornada, 2017). The main objective of this work is to show the results and experiences obtained during the creation of an inventory of greenhouse gases for the State of Sonora, Mexico and expose the limitations in the generation of this type of inventories. Keywords: Greenhouse Gases Inventories, Climate Change. |
||
GRI – Global Reporting Initiative: Viable Tool for Small Companies Competitive Profit J. L. S. Alves (UFPE), F. O. Lima (Évora University-Portugal), D. D. de Medeiros (UFPE)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to show a possibility of GRI – Global Reporting Initiative implantation. At first, it´s presented a literature review about environment to discuss some important questions and reports GRI models as a valuable way to add SME competitive value. A case study was done with a SME hotel to identify differences with sustainable practices, according GRI. The results indicate a waste reduction, function and market image improvements through cleaner production practices. Furthermore, production patterns changes didn't add costs. On the other hand, environment and socioeconomic gains were perceived, which contributes to a sustainable achievement. It was observed that the adoption of reports of support of the GRI viable must its simplicity of implementation, such reports yearn for to describe the economic, ambient and social impacts, triple bottom line, beyond allowing to measure the actions of the company. Keywords: Sustainable reporting, GRI, competitiveness, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Growth of Basil from Inoculated Organic Household Solid Refuse LEDESMA, A.; CABANILLAS, C.; STOBBIA, D.; VIERA, B.; TABLADA, M. (National University of Córdoba-Argentina)
|
Abstract: One of the main environmental issues in Córdoba (Argentina) is the large volume of urban solid refuse produced
that pollutes soil, surface and groundwater streams, and affects flora and fauna. From this problem, a need of a
sustainable strategy arises, such as biodegradation
of organic household solid refuse using microorganisms, and
its reuse as amendment in aromatic plants production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect
of organic
household solid refuse biodegraded by aerobic microorganisms inoculation in the growth of basil
Ocimum basilicum
L. var. Genovese. 1.7 kg of waste of vegetables and fruits were inoculated and after twelve days of microcomposting process microcompost was obtained which dried at room temperature weighed 0.249 kg.
Different quantities of the amendment thus produced
were applied to an entic haplustoll soil, and the
effect on
basil plants was studied. Significant differences were found in plant height
both the time elapsed since the
emergency as
using the substrate T5 with highest amendment application respect to the other treatments. This
substrate has higher content of organic matter, N,
P, K+
and
Ca2++Mg2+. An advancement of reproductive stages
was observed in treatments T3, T4 and T5 with higher amendment dose. These substrates have higher content of
organic matter, N, P and K+. Thus, a sustainable strategy was achieved, consisting in the reduction of organic
household solid refuse and its reuse as amendment in growing basil var. Genovese. Keywords: Organic household solid refuse, basil organic production, microcompost, inoculation |
||
Health Impact Assessment in Southern Brazilian EIAs: Too Far Away from Recommended Practices C. V. Viegas (UFRGS), A. Bond (University of East Anglia-UK), A. M. F. Danilevicz, J. L. D. Ribeiro (UFRGS), P. M. Selig (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Health impact assessment practice, although listed as mandatory under Brazilian legislation on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), is still in its infancy mainly because it lacks the support of detailed tools that can enable it as a systematic process. In this paper, we investigate how far away health assessment stands from best practice, taking two departures points. The first one is a theoretical basis for advised practices in HIA that we propose from a literature review and compilation. This comprises 25 requirements for analysis, divided in three categories: theoretical lines of argumentation (biomedical/risk, promotion, and social/political features), broad measurability (which includes impacts magnitude and mitigation), and detailed measurability (going deep into biological, behavioral, circumstantial, environmental and institutional aspects). The second one is a set of six EIAs documents delivered by practitioners in Southern Brazil, that we take as a case study in order to assess their performance in relation to the international best practices outlined. EIAs selected are two from landfills, performed in 1992 and in 2006 by the same consulting firm; two from Small Hydropower Facilities (SHF), finalized in 1997 and in 2005, both by the same consulting firms; and two from a road (2004) and from an industrial plant (2007) projects, each one carried out by different consulting firms. Descriptive results are divided into three: a requirements’ conformity analysis; a gap analysis, in which we assess the level of full, partial and non-completion of requirements; and a peer analysis, in which we compare, respectively two landfills and two SHF EIAs between each other, in order to highlight differences in health assessment in EIAs performed by the same consulting firms. With respect to theoretical lines of argumentation, we find that: biomedical risks are common but not considered in detail in all EIAs; epidemiological and toxicological models are rarely used; cause-effect relationships for environmental-health issues are only partially described; quantification is poor, but not so much in more recent documents; health promotion is not targeted by practitioners, and collective health is of more concern in EIA’s landfill projects; regarding social aspects, they are partially considered in just two documents. Concerning broad measurability aspects, EIAs performed before 2000 have neither magnitude description nor investigation parameters, and wellbeing indicators are absent in all documents. With respect to detailed measurability, we highlight that health data are not accurate and/or reliable in all cases; biological issues are disregarded, as well as equity issues, which implies that there is no understanding of how the same impacts can affect different profiles of people. Keywords: Health impact assessment, environmental impact assessment, social impact assessment, best practice, evaluation |
||
Hospital Enviornmental Performance Measurement: A Biliometric Review of Literature (1987-2017) PASQUALINI BLASS, A. (PUC-PR/UNIDAVI); GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR); BORGES, L. A. (UNIDAVI)
|
Abstract: New environmental regulations and ongoing pressures on cutting costs and improving quality have forced hospitals to improve the performance of their operations, especially in developing countries. Healthcare deals with a significant amount of hazardous and non-hazardous materials and produce polluting outputs. Frameworks that directly address the measurement of environmental performance are regarded as paramount. The present study represents a bibliometric review of the literature on the topic ‘hospital environmental performance measurement’ during the period 1987-2017, i.e, since the publication of the Brundtland Report. A set of 10 papers was regarded as relevant to the study. A certain prevalence of studies placed in high-income countries was found, but a growing focus on the specific context of developing countries was also identified. The content analysis revealed that the proposal and testing of frameworks for the measurement of environmental performance in hospitals are still needed. Keywords: Environmental performance. Measurement. Hospitals. Bibliometric review. |
||
How Can Green Supply Chain Management Contribute to the Product Development Process? UEMURA RECHE, A. Y. (UTFPR/SENAI) CANCIGLIERI JUNIOR, O.; ESTORILIO, C. C. A.; RUDEK, M. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The product development process has phases as concept, research, analysis, develop and launch. The supply chain management needs integration with suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. The goal of this study is to link two topics, product development process, and Supply chain management, aiming to understand how this concept join can become more sustainable. To search this answer, it is analyzed the main bibliography references about "product development process" and "green supply chain management". For the literature review development, it was searched at Capes Periodical/MEC, for the concepts of product development process, supply chain, and green supply chain management. The year of publication was not limited, aiming to understand the evolution of all materials already published. The first section is about market demands, laws, regulations and green products. In the second section is discussed green supply chain management and product development process. The second section considers supply chain tiers, like supplier, manufacturer, and customers, all connected with product development process. As results, it was checked that green supply chain management and product development process does not have a consensus, being treated with a broad approach; there is no specific model that orients the companies to develop a product oriented to green supply chain management. Keywords: Green supply chain management, green products, product development process. |
||
Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means Model for Solar Energy Facilities Clustering on American Contaminated Sites FRANCO, D. G. B.; STEINER, M. T. A.(PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: The present article used a hybrid fuzzy c-means model to cluster and define suitable locations, in terms of mapped area, distance to transmission lines and daily solar incidence, for solar energy capture facilities in the continental United States. The data used came from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB), a collection of hourly measurements of solar radiation and meteorological data, and the RE-Powering America's Land project of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), whose purpose is to identify abandoned and contaminated areas that are ideal for renewable energy projects. Initially, data preprocessing was performed for substitution of missing data, normalization and principal component analysis (PCA). Then, the proposed hybrid clustering algorithm was applied. It is a fuzzy c-means model initialized by metaheuristics, namely genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The number of clusters was validated by three metrics: Calinski-Harabasz Index, Davies-Bouldin Index and Silhouette Coefficient. The three tests were unanimous, indicating two clusters as the ideal number, that is, a cluster for locations with potential for allocation of solar energy capture facilities and another for sites with no potential. As a result of the proposed hybrid approach, there was an increase in the training speed of the fuzzy c-means algorithm, which required a smaller number of iterations to reach the same objective function value. Visually, we can see the predominance of the allocation of the facilities in states with a higher average incidence of solar radiation, which is therefore the predominant factor in the convergence of the algorithm, which is in line with what was expected. Finally, the environmental-economic-social gains are considered with the revitalization of unproductive and contaminated land for the implantation of solar plants. Keywords: Clustering, Fuzzy c-means, Metaheuristics, Solar energy, Soil reuse [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Identification of Cleaner Production Opportunities in a Plastic Recycling Cooperative SANTOS, F. F.; PAIVA, J. M. F.; MORIS, V. A. S. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: Recycling is considered an important strategy to meet the challenge of waste generation and to develop more sustainable practices. The recycling chain in Brazil is considered complex because it involves multiple actors, among them, it is possible to highlight the performance of the scavengers as fundamental agents in the viabilization of recycling. However, the scavengers are not always recognized, they are the ones that benefit least in the chain and they face several difficulties. In the quest to overcome difficulties and obtain a better position in the chain, the collectors have organized themselves in cooperatives, networks and recycling centers of materials. From the environmental point of view, recycling processes, especially of post-consumer plastics, can also have an impact on the environment, if management is not established from the collection until the final disposal of the same. Thus, it is important to adopt environmental management tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), for example, that result in benefits to the environment, society and organizations. The objective of this study was to identify opportunities for improvement in the plastic recycling process in a cooperative in Sorocaba - SP, through the use of the CP tool. A literature review and technical visits were carried out in a cooperative that performs the recycling process of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), transforming them into flakes and / or pellets. It was sought to obtain general characterization information and the environmental aspects of the recycling process, in order to suggest improvements to the process and to identify the main barriers of CP in the cooperative. The study revealed that the recycling process of the cooperative is passive to generate several environmental impacts, mainly due to the absence of standardization of the raw material and the high consumption of water in the washing stage and consequent generation of effluents, which in turn is not treated. 25 improvement opportunities were identified, focusing mainly on level 1 of housekeeping. There were several CP barriers in the cooperative, especially those related to financial issues and lack of government support. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these barriers to an effective implementation of the CP and obtain the consequent economic, environmental and social benefits. Keywords: Environmental management, Cleaner Production, Recycling, Cooperative. Plastics [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Identification of Opportunities for Cleaner Production in Plastic Covers Alagoas Industry SILVA, C.; SOUSA, S.; RAPOSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA); KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: In Brazil, in 2012, the industry of plastic processing comprised 11,690 companies and employed 348,000 direct workers. In this important sector, it’s important understand the productive process and ally it to a purpose that hold a realistic view of sustainability. In this sense, the present work is a study of case that aims to assess the opportunities in improvement of productive process into a plastic industry located in the state of Alagoas – Brazil. This company is specialized in manufacturing of plastic caps. The data were collected through direct nonparticipant observation to the production line; together with unstructured interview with the operator of the process. The concepts of “cleaner production” and eco-efficiency” were used like base to construct the analysis. These concepts were employed in the present study because they promote the idea of generate mutual benefits to the both sides (industry and environment). The findings indicated that the investigated company potential to increase its operational efficiency and also reduce its costs. The production process had been evaluated and it was constructed some purposes to improve the operational efficiency, costs optimization and reduction of wastes. This study indicates that the evaluation developed in this work can be replicated to other companies with similar characteristics to the company in this study, even in different sectors. For future works this study indicates the analysis of the costs of waste reuse generated by this industry, especially the “galhas”; the comparison between investments in the redesign of machines used by this sector and the increase on productivity and operational efficiency of this industry; and the repair of defective products generated. Keywords: Industrial ecology, cleaner production, production of plastic caps [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Immobilization Study of Toxic Elements Present in Coal Ash through the Treatment with Immobilizing Agents CAMPELLO, F. A.; IZIDORO, J. C.; GHILEN, S. N.; FUNGARO, D. D. (IPEN)
|
Abstract: The capacyity to immobilize toxic elements present in coal ashes using organosilane (OS) and surfactant (SF) as immobilizing agents was determined by batch experiments. The coal ashes used in the study was collected at the Figueira Thermal Power Plant, located in the city of Figueira, State of Paraná. Firstly, the influence of ash mass/water volume ratio on the concentration of the elements in the leachates was evaluated. Subsequently, the capacities of immobilization of toxic elements using the different immobilizing agentes, pH and conductivity of the leachates were determined. A significant reduction in the concentration of the elements was observed for all leachate samples obtained from the ashes treated with OS. Concentration reductions using OS were 89%, 77%, 42% and 11% for Cr, Mo, As and Se, respectively. When SF was used to the ashes treatment, the concentration reduction in the leachates was above 60% for all elements. These results show that both the organosilane and the surfactant can be used as immobilizing agents for the retention of toxic elements present in coal ashes. Keywords: coal ashes, metal immobilizing agents, organosilane, surfactant [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Implementing Sustainability Strategies in Emerging Economies: Challenges and Opportunities for Supply Chain Management SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Winnipeg-Canada)
|
Abstract: Although research on sustainable supply chain has made many valuable contributions, there is a dearth of empirical evidence and theoretical reflection on sustainability strategies adopted by supply chains operating in emerging economies. Consequently, the literature still lacks a framework that incorporates the context and dynamics encountered in such settings. The aim of this paper is to help to fill this gap by exploring a successful case of a focal company that was able to deal with the challenges and exploit the opportunities associated with such contexts towards the incorporation of cleaner production innovations and sustainability strategies into supply chains. Drawing from capability accumulation, innovation and sustainability literatures, this paper develops a theoretical framework that provides a more fine-grained understanding of the dynamics, challenges and opportunities associated with the incorporation and management of sustainability within supply chains in emerging economies. This research employs case study method in the oil and gas supply chain in Brazil based on 52 interviews with key informants between 2004 and 2012. Our findings suggest that incorporating cleaner production innovations and sustainability strategies into supply chains in emerging economies presents additional barriers and higher levels of uncertainty when compared to supply chainsoperating elsewhere. This research contributes to the literature by identifying and discussing those salient barriers and arguing that inemerging economies, due to unique institutional idiosyncrasies, focal companies play an even more important role to endorse cleaner production innovations and promote sustainability strategies than in other countries. Also, it contributes to the research by asserting that sustainable supply chains can only be successfully pursued and implemented through innovation, which is a critical driver for supply chain enhanced sustainability performance. Keywords: Sustainable supply chains, barriers to sustainability strategies, emerging economies, innovation, oil and gas, Brazil. |
||
Implementing the SDG15: Business Climate Index in the Context of the Forestry Sector of Tocantins, Brazil TEIXEIRA, D. M. C.; ZAPATA, C. (UnB - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The forestry sector is one of the key sectors indicated in the SDGS, with a specific SDG Goal 15, and crucial for Brazil. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of the role government needs to play in shaping the business environment to foster the achievement of the SDGs by investigating how can business climate indexes be used to shape public policy. In order to do that, the Forest Investment Attractiveness Index (FIAI) has been applied to the state of Tocantins, in Brazil, to further comprehend which areas of public policy intervention would be more relevant to support the development of a sustainable forestry sector. The results indicate that the sort of tool can only be used in a preliminary analyzes of the economic, political and institutional environment related to the forestry sector. Keywords: Forest resource policy, forest investment, investment climate. |
||
Improvement of Gray Water Footprint Calculation Method Based on Comprehensive Evaluation HUI LI; GENGYUAN LIU; ZHIFENG YANG (BNU - China); CASAZZA, M. (Parthenope University of Naples - Italy); GIANNETTI, B. F. (BNU - China/UNIP)
|
Abstract: The Gray Water Footprint (GWF) analysis method, defined as the volume of fresh water required to assimilate the load of pollutants discharged into water based on natural background concentrations and existing ambient water quality standards, has been widely used in regional water quality management. In traditional calculation method, GWF value is obtained by dividing the load of critical pollutant by the difference between the ambient water quality standard for that pollutant and its natural background concentration in the receiving water body. In other words, GWF refers to the volume of freshwater that is always only required to assimilate the load of the largest concentration of pollutants based on existing ambient water quality standards. However, many studies have raised questions about this traditional single factor evaluation method, since it lacks the consideration to the combined effects of multiple pollutants, which will lead a higher GWF result in confidence-limit rate. In this study, a new GWF calculation framework oriented the solutions of multi-pollutants is proposed based on a 2-phases calibration model. In the first phases, we consider the dilution and autopurification process of multi-pollutants in natural waters. In the second phases, several comprehensive evaluation methods, such as the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE), principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy inference system (FIS), are applied to determine the “ecological threshold” of GWF. The application conditions and uncertainties of the three multi-factors appraisal methods have also been discussed. Our research gives the methodological support for the precise calculation of GWF. Keywords: Gray water footprint, singe index method, comprehensive evaluation, fuzzy inference system, principal component analysis, fuzzy inference system |
||
Improving Cleaner Production through Biologically Inspired Urban-Industrial Networks MORRIS, Z.; BRAS, B. (Georgia Institute of Technology - USA)
|
Abstract: Biologically-Inspired Design is a growing field that has many applications. While this is normally used for individual products or materials, applied at a systems level, the inspiration stems from the structure and makeup of ecosystems. Over the last few decades, ecologists have developed Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) to better understand ecosystems, and both industrial and urban systems have been analyzed using ENA. Specifically, EcoIndustrial Parks (EIPs) that look to mimic the cyclic nature of food webs have been analyzed using ENA showing that these networks can still be improved significantly before they reach the levels of observed natural food webs. Similarly, urban networks (such as water and energy networks) have been looked at with ENA at a high level with insight gained about trophic levels in a city and how they compare with food webs. However, the industrial and urban networks have been analyzed at different scales and in separate systems. In this paper, we propose to further the use of ENA for industrial and urban networks. Specifically, the industrial networks will be combined and analyzed with the urban networks. This better represents how these networks function in reality whereas before some critical connections may have been ignored. A case study will be used to exemplify the method and benefits of our approach. Keywords: Biologically-inspired design, ecological network analysis, industrial ecology |
||
Improving Product's Environmental Performance by Integrating Ecodesign Methods into a Reference Model for Product Development Process D. C. A. Pigosso; A; Guelere Filho; H. Rozenfeld (USP)
|
Abstract: The rising consumption of products is the origin of most of the pollution and resources depletion that our society causes. The environmental impacts observed throughout a product lifecycle are, largely, determined during its development phase. Hence, taking environmental aspects into consideration during the product development process (PDP) phase plays an essential role in reducing product lifecycle-related environmental impacts. Despite the fact that the number of available ecodesign methods and tools has been increasing in the last decade, its implementation has not reached companies worldwide mainly due to the gap between eco-oriented and product-oriented researchers. The eco-oriented researchers fail to see PDP as a business process crucial to competitiveness, leading to partial and poor integration of ecodesign methods and tools into PDP, not generating the expected ecodesign competitive advantages. On the other hand, product-oriented researchers pay too little attention to environmental aspects, focusing generally on legal compliance and ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions due to little knowledge about ecodesign methods. This gap generates a lack of systematic use of ecodesign methods and tools in NPD leading companies to low levels of environmental performance. This paper aims to propose a systematic approach to bridge the aforementioned gap by introducing some ecodesign methods and tools into the early phases of a reference model for NPD, which is a way to structure activities in a business process. The ecodesign methods to be integrated have been selected through literature review using a structured classification method. The reference model, used as integration baseline resulted from experiences accumulated since 1990. The expected result is a set of NPD-oriented structured activities that can successfully combine environmental and business perspectives to help companies worldwide to follow the path of sustainability by making new and “green” products successful into the market. This paper presents some preliminary results conducted by the authors. Keywords: Product development process, reference model, ecodesign, methods [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Incineration: An Inevitable Alternative for Waste Disposal R. M. C. Coutinho (UNIP), A. L. O. Coutinho, L. C. Carregari (Independent Researchers)
|
Abstract: According to the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, Brazilian population (about 180 million inhabitants in 2004) produces close to 85 million tons of waste per year, or 225 tons per day, and this amount is household waste only, generated in homes or workplaces. This research aims to expand the general knowledge through literature review in scientific databases regarding the use of techniques, and methods or processes that can minimize the effects of solid wastes may pose a risk to life, the quality of life and the environment. Specific objectives: to describe the use of key technologies in solid waste management and reporting major damage that solid waste pose to public health and the environment. The most common methods in Brazil for the disposal of non-recyclable solid waste are the landfills or the famous dumps. The latter have caused many problems, such as the emission of odors and water and soil contamination. It is noticeable that many of the toxic elements present in the original residues are still present in the landfill, uncontrolled and unknown, and this is contributing to air pollution, soil and water bodies, besides facilitating the proliferation of macro and micro arrays. This research aims to expand the general knowledge through literature review, regarding the use of techniques and methods or processes that can minimize the effects of solid wastes to expose life to risk, quality of life and the environment. Fortunately the dumps are prohibited, and landfills have become unviable due to its cost and the rejection of the population directly affected is no longer possible to forget the trash or hide it. We must not turn it into garbage, and chances are many, but not equally efficient and viable. The only viable solution in the relatively short time, with proven technology and without major environmental impacts, is to convert municipal waste into industrial feedstock for the production of electricity through incineration. We know that the European Union, North America and some other developed parts of the globe, incineration is very widespread and used in hospitals, airports, industries and even cities. But in Brazil, this type of waste for disposal is not explored yet and one of the main reasons is the low cost of disposal in landfills and also the lack of legal requirements that require the total destruction of waste. Undoubtfully, after the enactment of Law 12.305/10, establishing the National Policy on Solid Waste, incineration is has a larger consideration, because the law provides for the waste management hierarchy that includes the recovery. Keywords: Incineration, solid waste, environmental law, industrial waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Incorporation of Industrial Wastes in Bricks WIEMES, L. (IEL/UFPR); PAWLOWSKY, U. (UFPR); MYMRIN, V. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: This article presents a case study conducted as an experiment with the incorporation of different kind of wastes in the production of bricks (red building ceramics). Three types of wastes were directly mixed with clay: automotive waste sludge (AWS) containing concentrations of heavy metals, glass waste (GW) consisted primarily of microspheres (from a galvanic plant) and wood ash (WA)from a pottery furnace. The materials used in the formulation were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). They were separately dried, milled and then dry mixed. Water was added to contribute to the compaction process, to obtain the samples. Samples were dried and then heated to similar temperatures to those used in firing kilns bricks.The resulting ceramics were analyzed for dimensional and then subjected to flexural resistance test which presented results above of 4 MPa.To assess the environmental impact caused by the samples obtained, they were analyzed by XRD, XRF and SEM. At the end, leachability and solubility were realized to evaluate the chemical aspect of the obtained ceramic. According to Brazilian standards, the tested sample achieves the conditions to be classified as inert. In conclusion, it means that this new ceramic has conditions to be classified as capable to be produced. However, it is necessary to evaluate how a production in large-scale will behave. Keywords: Industrial waste, recycling, environmental friendly materials [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Incorporation on Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Post-Consumer Packaging in Production of Concrete Blocks CASTRO, M. V.; ANTUNES, M. L. P. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The worldwide production of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is over 92.95 million tonnes each year. The reuse or recycling of EPS still considered uneconomic due to its low market value, by taking up too much space and there are just a few recycling plants. Find an economically attractive solution for EPS is extremely necessary. The process of incorporate waste is one way to minimize environmental damage and reduce waste also providing cleaner production. With that in mind, this work aimed to evaluate the incorporation of post-consuming packaging of this material in the production of concrete blocks without structural purposes in construction. Samples were produced with triturated EPS from electronics packaging and food. Incorporating the waste produces concrete with compressive strength lower compared with the reference sample, it is observed that the incorporation of 50% of waste reduces by about 20% to 30% of the resistance bodies. However, the produced samples are in accordance with the values established by NBR7173, also produce lighter concrete blocks which can serve to seal and to be of great utility in construction. Keywords: Portland cement, expanded polystyrene, waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Increasing the Sustainability of Pasta Production Through a Life Cycle Assessment Approach RUINI, L.; FERRARI, E. (Barilla G e R. FratelliS.p.A.-Italy); MERIGGI, P.; MARINO, M. (HortaSrl-Italy); SESSA, F. (StudioLCE-Italy)
|
Abstract: Durum wheat cultivation is responsible for most of the environmental impacts of pasta production. Due to this reason, Barilla put forth a specific project aimed to increase widespread use of cereal sustainable cropping systems. Analysis were based on a holistic approach, taking into consideration economic, agronomic, food safety and environmental indicators. The first part of the project was focused on identifying potential improvements in the most diffused cropping systems for the cultivation of Durum wheat in Italy, while maintaining high levels of quality and food safety standards. It has been demo nstrated that the well-known low input agronomic practices are environmentally friendly and also often economically advantageous. Implementation of dicotyledons into a cereal-only rotation allows a reduction of environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced up to 36%), a reduction of DON risk and an increase in net income for farmers(up to 31%). In the second part of the project Barilla gave about 15 farmers a decision support system (DSS) called granoduro.netTM to see if this instrument could help them in reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Results show that the only adoption of the DSS contribute in reducing carbon footprint (-10%), and costs for pesticides and fertilizers (-10%). Keywords: Life cycle assessment; LCA; Food; Pasta; Durum wheat. |
||
Indicator of Environmental Development as Auxiliary Instrument of Controlling in the Program of Clean Production of the Painting Sector in a Company of the Wood Furniture Local Productive Arrangement M. G. Farias (UDESC); E. Paul; C. A. Garbe (Móveis América - SC)
|
Abstract: This article aims to demonstrate the importance and the results of the process of integration of the University of the State of Santa Catarina with the business sectors and the society - in special, by means of the companies net called “Local Productive Arrangements”, in the advances of the use of the Environmental indicators and of the cleaner production for the endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development. Keywords: Sustainable development, local productive arrangement, cleaner production, Furniture Sector, Environmental indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Indicators for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Preliminary Comparison PEREIRA, R. S. C.; RIBEIRO, F. M. (CETESB); GÜNTHER, W. M. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: The growth of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generation is a global phenomenon that tends to be intensified. WEEE management presents deficiencies and challenges, and reverse logistics (RL) has emerged as one of the instruments to improve it. The purpose of this work is to identify and compare sets of indicators related to WEEE management, in order to evaluate its applicability to the Brazilian context. Indicators proposed in two international publications were comparatively analyzed, using two criteria: relevance and data availability. Among 68 analyzed indicators, 44 were considered as applicable to the Brazilian context, through few adaptations. These indicators may be divided into two major categories: one related to the global evaluation of the implementation of WEEE RL in the country, and the other related to the performance evaluation of WEEE RL systems, to contribute to definitely implement WEEE RL in Brazil. Keywords: WEEE, Reverse Logistics, Indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Industrial Cleaning with Ultra-Clean Water According to the Qlean-Method – A Case Study of Printed Circuit Boards E. Sundin, N. Svensson, M. Lindahl (Linköping University - Sweden)
|
Abstract: The manufacturing industry today uses many kinds of chemicals in its cleaning processes. The industrial cleaners often contain some sort of degreasing chemical to clean parts and components before the main processes, for instance assembly or surface treatment. These types of cleaning methods are often expensive and involve hazardous handling of chemicals in manufacturing, as well as in the transportation of hazardous waste. In addition, the cleaning processes often use a substantial amount of energy for cleaning. The aim of this paper is to explore how ultra-clean water cleaning, using a method called Qlean, can be applied in the manufacturing industry. In order to meet this aim, a case study was conducted at Flextronics, in Karlskrona, Sweden. The data for this research was collected through interviews and functional tests at different industries, which then was analysed further. The results from this research show that using solvent-free industrial cleaning with ultraclean water is beneficial from the perspectives of quality, environment and business. The quality improvement derived from using solvent-free industrial cleaning in the case of cleaning printed circuit boards was the most important benefit. Keywords: Ultrapure, de-gassed, cleaner production, Qlean, SOFIQ project |
||
Industrial Ecology as strategic tool for environmental policy-making process in Brazil A. S. Pereira (UNICAMP); A. Vilela Jr (SENAC); E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Most of today’s environmental policies in Brazil rely on controlling the growth of pollution by “command and control” techniques. During the last two decades, these instruments have been designed to control sources of environmental impacts using industrial zoning, environmental licensing, and emission standards. The present structure of environmental law and policy focuses almost entirely on the activities of manufacturing companies and does not recognize strategies related to pollution prevention and/or cleaner production — such as product life cycle assessment, environmental labeling, environmental management systems, interconnectivity of production process, extended producer responsibility strategy, and environmental certification — as important instruments for auto-regulation. Recognizing that environmental policy must become more focused on “command and covenant” than “command and control”, this article attempts to provide an expanded perspective of environmental policy innovation based on a more holistic approach — Industrial Ecology — as a strategic tool for environmental policymaking process in Brazil. Keywords: Industrial ecology, environmental policy, cleaner production |
||
Industrial Ecology in the Environmental Public Policies Context A. Vilela Junior (SENAC-SP); F. M. G. Ribeiro; A. S. Pereira (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Industrial ecology offers a number of methods and approaches which offer much potential for the environmental public policies. The adoption of a systems perspective in environmental analysis and decision making could significantly improve environmental policies effectiveness. Therefore, adjustments in the legal and organizational framework as well a deep change in the public environmental management would be necessary. Keywords: Industrial ecology, environmental policy, environmental management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Industrial Ecology, Production and Environment: a discussion about interconnectivity of production A. S. Pereira; J. C. F. Lima; E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Industrial Ecology (IE) initiatives are presented by isolated strategies. As a result, there is a need to understand the eco-efficiency of approaches in order to plan strategically the IE implementation and to correct possible imperfections. One of the approaches is the Industrial Symbiosis (IS). This concept is based on synergy between different productive activities, which lead to a greater efficiency of resources uses allied with environmental and economical benefits. Contrarily to the IS concept, where all integrants are benefited locally, the Brazilian approach is based on supply/demand relations. Thus, the necessary information for this interrelation are: the logistic and the market information. Keywords: Industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis, eco-efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Industrial Ecology: are there companies without symbiosis possibility? V. Madeira (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Besides the majority of the definitions indicate that the geographical proximity is a key factor for Industrial Symbiosis, there are examples of synergetic relations between companies independently of their proximity. Some examples are presented in this paper allowing the conclusion that pursuing the environmental performance improvement at all activities, a company contribute in its pathway to sustainable development, independently of its geographical localization. Keywords: Industrial Ecology, industrial symbiosis, sustainable development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Industrial Ecology: contributions to the Reverse Logistics Post-Consumer J. C. F. Lima, A. Avoleta, O. F. Lima, E. W. Rutkowski (UNICAMP) |
Abstract: In Brazil with the approval of the National Solid Residues Politics of the industrial sector starts to be obliged to incorporate reverse logistic of after-consumes to it’s products. This study it analyze the concept of reverse logistic points and the Contributions of the Industrial Ecology in this process. Keywords: Industrial ecology, reverse logistics, waste management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Industrial Losses Cause by Floods: Is it Worthwhile to Stay in Risk? VIEGAS, C. V.; LAMBIASE, J. A. J. (UNISINOS); BOND, A. (University of East Anglia - UK/North-West University - South Africa); BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. M. (UNISINOS); VAZ, C. R. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Disasters are harmful events that damage natural and anthropogenic environments. Urban floods are a type of natural disaster with high negative impact to society. The economic effects of urban floods are under-researched within the Brazilian industrial sector. Esteio municipality, in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, is rated in 18th place in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) among 497 State municipalities, and it has the highest demographic density in Rio Grande do Sul, with almost 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is also highly vulnerable to floods, given its low topography and the presence of a main river and two tributary streams that run along its 32.5 square kilometers. This study employs open interviews with six private, two governmental, and four non-governmental agents based in Esteio. It has the aim to clarify their understanding of resilience to floods, and to unveil experiences of industrial losses in the main flood events, recorded in 2013 and in 2015. Private firms avoid talking about losses, and prefer instead to emphasize their mitigation actions, thereby taking risks regarding the high probability of future floods. The perception of resilience by firms is disguised or shallow, focused on palliative measures. Local firms, mainly small ones, usually accept the risk of keep their business in the municipality, because they have roots in Esteio. Further research is necessary to better classify and quantify industrial losses caused by floods. Such data would enable business owners to get better prepared for future natural disasters. Keywords: Industrial losses. Supply chain disruption. Floods. Resilience |
||
Industrial Solid Waste Management and Cleaner Production, Case Study in Red Ceramic Industry MORAIS, M. M.; GOMES, C. A.; PAZ, Y. M.; JERONIMO, R. A. S.; HOLANDA, R. M. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Waste management is a great importance tool for a company to get a cleaner production in the process . The importance of the application of this tool is given by the fact that, in addition to providing lower costs due to lower generation losses , contributes to the preservation of the environment. Therefore, in quantitative and qualitative, in the present study , we sought to quantify the loss in the production process of a ceramic industry . With that aimed to show the relationship that these data losses have with the generation of industrial waste, and identify the main waste generated in the production process. In addition, we sought to associate the management of solid waste with cleaner production. Thus, it was revealed the company has sought eco- efficiency in order to get better results during your process. Keywords: Environmental management, environmental impact, red ceramic, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Industrial Symbiosis Expanded for Building a Sustainable Society SILVA, L. F. (UNINOVE/PUC-SP); OLIVEIRA, P. S. G. (Universidade Anhembi Morumbi); GUEVARA, A. J. H. (PUC-SP); FERNANDES, K. R. (UNINOVE/FGV)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this theoretical conceptual article is to present a framework for a conceptual model of Industrial Symbiosis Expanded, to build such model the consumer was inserted in your role such as prosumer. The reason for the relevance of this proposition is that most of the time the concept of Industrial Symbiosis is related only to interorganizational relationships (Ammenberg et al., 2015, Martin, 2015, Trokanas, Cafelja and Raafat, 2015). Consumers in turn are treated as inert parts in the industrial chain. In this way, by inserting consumers into the industrial system, adopting a perspective under the concept of prosumer (Ritzer, Dean, Jurgenson, 2012, Seran, Izvercian, 2014), It is possible to promote synergistic activities in which the individual can generate benefits not only to himself but to other agents. This situation can be evidenced in the studies of Nazari et al. (2014) and Rathnayaka et al. (2014) on the production and consumption of energy and the gains in establishing synergistic relationships between companies and consumers, the latter also producing and re-feeding the electric system. The proposition of the presented conceptual model followed a three-dimensional perspective aligned with the dimensions of the Triple Botton line (Elkington, 1998), demonstrating the symbiotic interaction and cooperation between the three synergetic systems - natural, industrial and prosumer. Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Sustainability, Sustainable Production, Industrial Ecology, Prosumer |
||
Industrial Symbiosis: What Have Been Researching? CAVALCANTE, E. T. D. (UFPI/Faculdade Adelmar Rosado); SILVA, E. A. (UFPI)
|
Abstract: The issue of industrial waste is wide and can generate several by-products when properly utilized. The analogy of industrial activity to ecology is a tendency to perceive the need to look the processes in a cyclical and non-linear way. In this way the Industrial Ecology has several approaches, among them the industrial symbiosis that is the object of this research. The objective of this paper was to analyze the scientific production on industrial symbiosis in the period from 2006 to 2016. In this article we used the EndNote, an online software that manages some international bases and assists in the cataloging the bibliography, there are the Brittish Library and Library of Congress. The Science Direct database was used as well as the CAPES database and also BDTD – Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (both brazilians).To this purpose , a bibliometry was performed in which the first moment was the choice of key words for research in the databases: industrial waste, industrial symbiosis. More than 130,000 researches on industrial waste were found, however exclusions were made for the final qualitative analysis on 10 articles to content characterization. It was noticed that the brazilian Law 12,305 / 2010 dealing with the National Solid Waste Policy has not been addressed directly in the surveys even for the Brazilian researches. And it was identified some gaps for future researches such as the need of public policies for the success of ecoparks and industrial symbiosis. Keywords: bibliometry, industrial symbiosis, industrial waste management |
||
Inertialising Thermal Reactor E. A. R. Veloso (Super Zinco)
|
Abstract: Brazil generates around three million tonnes of industrial residues per year, which are qualified as Class I – Dangerous and Class II – Not dangerous. Activities considered potentially pollutant can only occur after the obtaining of the environment license. The residues can be deposited in waste disposal with ACIR – Approval Certification of Industrial Residues. The Brazilian environment legislation imposes administrative, civil and criminal responsibilities on federal, state and municipal ambits. The companies of the galvanic sector generate galvanic mud compound of heavy metals as chromium, nickel, zinc, copper, iron and others. Super Zinco is the Brazilian leader in processes of plastic galvanization with production of more than a million square decimeter per month and generates 1400 tonnes of galvanic mud per year. It adopted the use of Inertialising Thermal Reactor projected by the author of this work. It reduces the volume and inertialises the mud that becames qualified as Class II – A, resulting in an annual economy of more than three hundred ninety thousand dollars. Keywords: Galvanic mud, heavy metal [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Influence of the Urea in the Colour Intensity on Digital Printing BARROS, A. A. R. C.;TAMBOURGI, E. B.; FILETI, A. M. F. (UNICAMP); ROSA, J. M. (UNICAMP/SENAI); BEZERRA, R. N.; ARAÚJO, M. C. (USP); SANTANA, J. C. C. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: It was studied the influence of urea in the digital printing of cotton in yellow, red and blue colours. In the first tests, the amount used were in the preparation recipes was 0 (without), 50 and 100 g∙L-1, demonstrating high influence in medium (60 %) and dark shades (90 %), in the all three colors assessed. Therefore, another test was performed in order to verify the minimum possible amount to be used, without detriment in the colour intensity (K∙S-1), concluding that the quantities above 80 g∙L-1 does not influence in a significant increase in the K∙S-1. Keywords: Urea, colour intensity, digital printing |
||
Influence of thermodynamic parameters on a cooling absorption cycle using biomass energy P. S. G. Carvalho (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Absorption cycle is one of the several available ways to obtain low temperature conditions for food storing. This technique operates from a hot source and is able to reach low temperatures close to -20ºC. This article analyses the influence of two thermodynamic parameters (evaporation temperature and condensation pressure) on the coefficient of cooperation performance (COP) of an absorption cycle which uses biomass as energy source. The software Engineering Equation Solver is used to support mathematical modeling, and the fish storage is considered as study case. Keywords: Cooling systems, fish conservation, absorption cycle [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Infrastructure as a Key Factor for the Sustainability of Logistic Agricultural Production I. K. Makiya; R. C. Traballi (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Infrastructure as a key factor for the sustainability of logistic agricultural production. Agricultural production has showed some paradoxes with their competitiveness, when you see its system of storage, distribution and logistic delivery of system as a whole. This paper has goal analyse some issues related to infrastructure of the distribution of soybeans, because logistics has represented 30% of final costs. Keywords: Infrastructure, agricultural, logistic [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Initial Evaluation of the Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands in the Post-Treatment of UASB Reactor V. Cano, B. G. L. A. Gomes, M. A. Nolasco (USP)
|
Abstract: This study aimed to implement and monitor 03 units of sewage treatment by constructed wetlands systems in the post-treatment of a UASB reactor. The deployment of the units occurred in the Sewage Treatment Station of School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of São Paulo - EACH / USP, São Paulo, between September-October 2010. For system monitoring and tracking performance, were analyzed dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity (qualitative per-view), NH4 e PO4. Two units of vertical flow wetlands and a horizontal flow have been deployed, both with emerging macrophytes (Typha sp.), rated for hydraulic loadings between 135 and 733 mm.day-1. The vegetation of the three units showed good adaptation, with the presence of new seedlings and increased plant density. Furthermore, they showed high oxygen uptake capacity, increasing the concentration of DO in the effluent (2.76 to 3.46 mg.L-1), with a good removal of suspended solids and turbidity. The vertical units showed removal of NH4 ranged from 10 to 76%, indicating good nitrification. For PO4, the vertical units presented, at the beginning, an increased concentration, and subsequently a removal between 34 and 44%, while the horizontal unit showed removal rates of 7 and 40% during the whole period. Thus, we conclude that the units presented satisfactory performance, resulting in promising systems for the posttreatment of effluents from UASB reactors. Keywords: Constructed wetlands, post-treatment, UASB Reactor [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Initiatives of Cleaner Production in the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industry ZAMPOLLO, D. M.; NEDER, L. T. C. (PETROBRAS)
|
Abstract: Taking into consideration the global scenario involving questions related to environmental management and protection, in addition to the initiatives generated as consequence from environmental legal advances in gas and oil exploration & production area, Petrobras has been working, since 2011, in the development of projects based in the Cleaner Production methodology, within a corporative program. Petrobras exploration & production segment is composed by more than a dozen operational units, which act in scattered spots in the Brazilian territory, performing a great amount of off and onshore activities, involving the complete chain of the exploring and producing area. In a certain way, this characterizes an intense challenge in the implementation of Cleaner Production projects, since its methodology predicts the selection and execution of actions in productive or administrative processes, both of which composed, several times, by a sequence of stages. The beginning of the slow implementation (considering the existing universe) of projects based in the Cleaner Production methodology was predated by the availability of a HSE personnel training in Petrobras Units , provided by an institution with proven expertise in the theme. This training, designed in a scholastic shape, contributed in building and solidifying the methodology stages knowledge. In sequence, it was suggested to the Units to develop the creation and execution of a pilot project, that exemplified the methodology, but of easy and quick implementation. Thus, several ideas of projects emerged, some regarding the minimization of wastes generation and some the minimization of effluents, allowing their use in a wide range of situations. In the course of the implementation of each pilot project associated with the generation of wastes/effluents in the different productive/administrative processes, despite the construction of interesting ideas that could be shared among the Units, there were also found several operational and organizational obstacles that, sometimes, contributed to the discussions about shared solutions, favoring experience gathering. This paper discusses the experience accumulated during the realization of the training and the execution of the pilot projects as a contribution to the Cleaner Production theme towards the oil and gas industry, considering its size and the particularities of its processes, which not always match the classical linearity of a regular industry structure. Keywords: Oil and Gas Industry, Cleaner Production, E&P |
||
Innovation and Cleaner Production: The MONGEE SYSTEM – GREEN GASES TRACKING INFORMATION SYSTEM M. G. Farias; T. C. D. Bueno; A. T. Nicolini; S. P. M. Bedin (UDESC); T. P. S. Oliveira (Instituto I3G - Florianópolis-SC)
|
Abstract: Monitoring greenhouse gases information on the North Santa Catarina Plateau, at Brazil South Region, aims ensure the timber industry to share relevant and accurate information supporting positive environmental actions in an increasingly competitive export focused market. With this in mind, the deployment of an Information Management System based on Artificial Intelligence and Ontologies intends to support the process management of cleaner production to be implanted, assists and accelerate decision-making with regard to best practices on environmental management at the regional forestry activities. An intelligent storage and retrieval information system for cleaner production management at the timber industry will allow innovative technology results, integration the production chain through the use of a knowledge database in addition encouraging the establishment of an integrated management model for the industry focused on the uniform growth of the chain and improvement in environmental management. Keywords: Intelligent Systems, Monitoring, Green Gases Effect, Environment, Cleaner Production. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Innovation and Life Cycle Assessment in the Sustainable Context SALVADOR, R.; HORCHULHACK, B. W.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; PIEKARSKI, C. M.; LUZ, L. M. UFTPR)
|
Abstract: The intense competition encourages organizations to innovate to remain active and competitive in the current market. Furthermore, due to the importance that the environmental issue has gained in the current set, the sustainable development encourages the use of environmental management tools in order to reduce the impacts caused by products. One of available tools that can help in this aspect is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which encompasses all stages of the product life cycle. In this sense, this article presents the role that technological innovation together with LCA plays in Sustainable Development. For this proposal has been made a theoretical research about Sustainability, Innovation and LCA. Was observed that the LCA and Innovation when integrated tread a path towards a production more attentive to environmental issues and collaborate on sustainable development, because while that technological evolution achieves economics benefits, the LCA indicates the route that causes the least impacts. Keywords: Sustainable Development, LCA, Technological Innovation, Social Responsibility [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Innovation and Sustainability in the Project of Skyscrapers: A Case Study Focusing an Educational Approach SOUZA, R. C. F. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: This paper describes a experiment of proposing the early stages of design of skyscraper, questioning how those mega-structures will interfere over contemporary and future living and respective urban scene. A politic and economical background framed the context but was also flexible enough to not narrow students’ imaginations and decisions. It starts describing the main problems skyscrapers in the 20th Century, proposing new approaches with new technologies and programmatic interpretations of those structures. A case study presents three significant projects which were considered satisfactory as to represent the pedagogical bias adopted, which was describe as “Problem based Learning” It ends observing that 70% of the projects collect during 3 years adopted traditional approaches to project, despite the scenario described. It finally suggests that new research should take in consideration not only the module, but the stages where the students are, comprising other modules that can be highly influential. Keywords: Architectural projects, skyscrapers, technological innovation, sustainable buildings, education towards cleaner production |
||
Innovation in Cleaner Production through Concrete and Cement Composite Recycling M. Osmani (Loughborough University-UK)
|
Abstract: In the United Kingdom, most glass reinforced plastic (GRP) waste is currently sent to landfill due to its intrinsic thermoset composite nature, lack of information relating to its characteristics and insufficient knowledge of potential recycling options. Experimental attempts were made to recycle GRP waste in concrete and cement composites. As such, more than 190 concrete specimens were prepared in accordance with BS EN12390-2:2000 and BRE 1988 mix design for normal concrete and used GRP waste powder content varying from 5% to 50% as replacement for fine aggregates. Results showed that GRP waste can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate as well as an admixture in cement concrete. Additionally, the presence of polymer and short glass fibre content in GRP waste powder can significantly contribute to improve the quality of various concrete products and has ample scope for use in several applications in the construction sector. Keywords: Glass reinforced plastic (GRP), recycling, concrete composites; cement composites, UK |
||
Innovation Management as a Factor in Small Business Competitiveness MORAIS, K. M. A. (SENAI-CE); GOMES, J. A. (UFCE)
|
Abstract: Considering the characteristics of small businesses and has representation on the economy of the State of Ceara, the purpose of this article is to present the situation of innovation management in three small industries, as well as relevant aspects in the management, able to drive growth through dynamic improvements in processes and products. Survey data, combined with literature exploratory and descriptive, it was established that the management of innovation as a continuous process is a factor of great importance for a company to grow and strengthen its competitive position; being necessary, however, a model strategic, integrated and manageable to deal effectively with business innovation. The article presents the six dimensions of innovation management used by SENAI-CE as the basis of actions developed with the small scale industries, preparing them to take advantage of opportunities for financial incentives both government projects developed by the Federation System Industries. Keywords: Innovation Management. Competitiveness. Strategies. Small Business. Products |
||
Innovative Proposals for the Architectural Design of Skyscrapers: Recycling from a New Perspective MIGUEZ, C. S. M.; RIZZI, M. T. G. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: This paper describes the earliest stages for an architectural project of a skyscraper in a site near Minas Gerais County Council, at Belo Horizonte city. It is intended to reflect about new usage and functions of tall buildings researching a bunch of alternatives by design. The article derives from a module of the course of Architecture from Federal University of Minas Gerais. The heuristic form of research is justified since the designing process is used as for investigate the main difficulties and possibilities of innovation of the project, aiming cleaner and sustainable solutions. The skyscraper will be a machine that recycles solid residual rubbish which will be collected in the neighbourhood, to whom a prospection including politic and social concept of 30 years onwards were defined by the government. Keywords: Architectural projects, skyscraper, recycling, sustainable buildings.
|
||
Installation of the Head Office of the Superintendence of Environmental Management of SABESP from the Reuse of an Operational Building M. F. S. Minucci (SABESP) |
Abstract: The project concept for the head office of the Superintendence of Environmental Management of SABESP was based in the cleaner production and sustainable construction principles. The head office was installed in a existing building, a disabled sewage pump station, at SABESP Costa Carvalho unit, São Paulo, SP – Brazil. The retrofit project to utilization of these facilities shows singularities like impact minimization, energy efficiency, management and water saving and eco-efficient materials utilization. Nowadays, the retrofit works is almost finished and the building allows the perception of its role in the past, as a living record of one of the stages in the history of SABESP, and provides experience for new sustainable buildings in the company. Keywords: Eco-efficiency, sustainable building, retrofit [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Instruments for environmental management in Espírito Santo do Pinhal, SP A. A. F. da Silva; A. C. Sais; A. R. R. Bineli (Geosystec)
|
Abstract: From the facts and trends, the high rate of urbanization, the increasing problems of environment and the reduced capacity of the municipal government to solve these problems, take the necessity to create instruments for environmental management, which will assist the change for a sustainable society. Actions that embody the reforestation of the riparian forest, the forestation of streets and squares, the recovery of degraded areas and the environmental education are being developed to strengthen the city of Espírito Santo do Pinhal, SP, Brazil. Therefore, this paper intends to show the viability of these solutions in such a way of the environment point of view, as economic and social, and at the same time, to use activities in the scope of the Clean Development Mechanism to promote the sustainable development local.Keywords: Environmental education, Management, Reforestation, Riparian forest, Urban forestation[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Integrated Energy Management of Buildings Using Computer Network Protocol SNMP for the Integration of Clean Production and Sustainability SANTOS, F. S. (IFSP/UNESP); CAGNON, J. A. (UNESP); SILVA, E. C. G. (IFSP/UNESP)
|
Abstract: Energy consumption is a constant concern for the generation and consumer, and to reconcile with cost productivity is always a task that requires long periods of study to learn how to use it rationally. It's pretty aconsensus that the survival of the planet requires profound changes in industrial society, changing patterns of technological production, consumption habits and even cultural roots. It is also consensus that the transformation of the construction supply chain is crucial in this process. Sustainability is now the main driver of technological innovation in all sectors, including construction. Companies and professionals that position themselves at the forefront will get major benefits. Sustainability is now a key point in the development concept. Sustainable development ensures that present needs are found without, however, compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs. This term is closely linked to two concepts: energy and the environment. So the better management of energy resources with consumer demand, the better their productivity. In order to collaborate with the process of energy management, the technology employed in this context can use the SNMP protocol, developed for equipment management of computer networks, switches, routers, servers and workstations. To this end, they will use the same infrastructure of a network of computers: in place of traditional equipment, enter the motors, generators, lamps. Keywords: Home automation, Energy, Sustainability, Management, SNMP protocol [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Input-Output Analysis for the Assessment of Ethanol Greenhouse Gases Emission in Brazil WATANABE, M. D. B.; CHAGAS, M. F.; CAVALETT, O. (CTBE); CUNHA, M. P. (UNICAMP); BONOMI, A. M. (CTBE)
|
Abstract: The increasing ethanol production in Brazil is deeply related to the global demand for alternative energy sources which can both decrease the reliance of economic sectors on non-renewable energy and drive global energy production towards a more sustainable situation. Simultaneously, it is important to improve techniques that allow the assessment of environmental impacts from different scenarios of biofuel production, aiming to improve its sustainability. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is recognized as a powerful methodology that provides detailed information about the environmental impacts related to agricultural production, industrial stage and consumption phase of sugarcane-based products and co-products. However, LCA has some limitations regarding the definition of system boundaries and also requires huge effort during the data collection for Life Cycle Inventory. In this sense, a different technique such as the LCA integration with Input-Output Analysis (IOA) emerges as an alternative approach which allows expanding the boundaries of LCA studies to the country's economy without losing important information provided in the life cycle inventory. This approach is based on the country's input-output matrix, which allows calculating the direct and indirect impacts related to all production sectors of a country. In this paper, such integrated approach will be used to simulate the greenhouse gases emission related to different technological scenarios of bioethanol production in the Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery (VSB), under development by the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE). Data for the assessment were obtained from literature and computing simulation. Preliminary results show that integrated first and second generation ethanol production (1G2G) has the lowest global warming potential (measured in CO2-eq) when compared with first generation ethanol production technologies in Brazil. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, input-output analysis, ethanol production, greenhouse gases emission |
||
Integration of Sustainability Aspects to Supplier Selection Processes – The Role of Locational Criteria M. A. S. de Castro, M. A. G. Figueiredo, V. Schalch, F. A. S. Vecchia (USP)
|
Abstract: The consideration of sustainability-related aspects provides nowadays a competitive edge, but, due to factors such as public and market pressures, may soon become the only way for an organization to subsist. In this shift, supply chains play an important, strategic role, because of the amount, importance and implications of the decisions taken during its planning, such as the supplier selection process. However, despite the attention publicly given by the organizations to environmental and social issues, supplier selection processes have been based mainly on economical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the decisions regarding supply chain planning in the search for a higher degree of sustainability, through an analysis of the locational criteria used for supplier selection. Initially, a literature review was conducted in order to point out such criteria, as well as the corresponding models of application in the decision making process. They were, after that, evaluated and classified according to the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept of sustainability. As a result, the paper identified three historical moments, which currently represent three possible approaches for locational criteria adoption in the supplier selection process: the consideration of purely economical aspects, and the subsequent addition of environmental and social aspects in decision making. Further, the paper presents some closing remarks and suggestions for future research. Keywords: Supply chain, supplier selection, sustainability
|
||
International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production: Bibliometric Analysis of the Years 2007, 2009 and 2011 OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C. (UNINOVE/UFSCar); SHIBAO, F. Y.; GONÇALVES, A. C.; MORA, R.; LAMDIM, F. C. S (UNINOVE); GODINHO FILHO, M. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the universe of articles published in the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production in the years 2007, 2009 and 2011. The methodology included bibliometric analysis, using the software UCINET-Draw that quantified and evaluated the scientific production of the years in question in qualitative and quantitative terms. We investigated the number of publications in the years of achievement, allowing to know the issues, methods, and the authors who published their networks of relationships, universities / companies affiliated authors and their networks of relationships, and quantify the contribution domestic and foreign. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed the overview of the elements that have been discussed in IWACP in Brazil, focusing on the implementation of Cleaner Production in the production system. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, UCINET-Draw, International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production |
||
Intervening Factors in the Consumption of Water in Residential Buildings in the City of Joinville DIAS, T. F.; KALBUSCH, A.; HENNING, E. (UDESC)
|
Abstract: This article aims to identify the factors that may influence water consumption in residential buildings in the city of Joinville (Southern Brazil), through the analysis of socioeconomic constructive variables. A non-probabilistic sample was established with the application of a questionnaire with 23 questions to survey characteristics of 47 residential buildings, totaling 1422 residential units. The model describing water consumption was identified from a multiple linear regression analysis. Within the analysis, it was verified that the variables related to the constructive aspects of the building are statistically significant to explain water consumption (m³ / day). However, both constructive and socioeconomic aspects were statistically significant for the water consumption index (liters per person per day). The results contribute to a better understanding of the variables related to water consumption in residential buildings, and may be useful for local government when planning sustainable policies. Keywords: Consumption index, water consumption, buildings [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Inventory Analysis for the Life Cycle Assessment of Packaging for Soft Drinks PRADO, M. R. (FTPR); KASKANTZIS NETO, G. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: The knowledge of the life cycle of a product is the first step in the search of the sustainable development. The present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of packaging for soft drinks: glass bottles, aluminum cans and bottles of PET. The study considered processes since the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption of the soft drink. They had been identified and quantified the main critical points of generation of negative environmental impact during the life cycle of each packaging. The consumption of natural resources and energy, the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The results showed that, in accordance with the scenes and defined variables, the bottle of glass presented a less favorable scene to the environment in comparison with the other packaging. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, packaging, soft drinks, sustainable development. |
||
Investigating the Environmental Damage: A Detailed Study about the Main Reference Methods for Economic and Social Aspects Integration LUCCHETTI, M. C. (Roma Tre University - Italy); ARCESE, G. (University of Bari Aldo Moro - Italy); MAIORINO, C. (ISPRA - Italy); MERLI, R.; PREZIOSI, M. (Roma Tre University - Italy)
|
Abstract: In 2013, ISPRA (Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) and the Department of Business Studies of Roma Tre University signed a cooperative framework agreement to launch a joint research project for the development and the implementation of methodologies and tools able to accurately quantifying and assessing Environmental Damage, also considering the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and its application in the field (M.I.D.A. Research Program, Methodologies for environmental damage individuation). In this view, the scientific literature on the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) has been reviewed, in order to find those LCIA methods that could be suited to accomplish the goals of Environmental Damage Assessment. Recent developments are leading to advances in the practice of LCIA. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is definitely a useful tool in order to assess and quantify environmental impacts, but its appropriateness as a methodology to address the requirements of environmental damage remains uncertain. As a first step, we have defined the environmental damage and so fully understand its requirements. Then, we have tried to find how, under the light of recent developments, the LCA methodology could offer opportunities to match these specific requirements. After that, in the second phase we have considered different aspects for the assessment and quantification of environmental damage, including the risk assessment methods, and integrated it in a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Strategy in a managerial perspective. This paper shown these actual results and the outlook of these research project goals. Keywords: Environmental Damage, Risk Assessment, Environmental damage indicators, WTP, DALY, Impact Pathway |
||
Investing in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects R. B. Kerr; L. C. J. Perera; H. Kimura (Mackenzie); F. G. Lima (USP)
|
Abstract: The discussion about the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) began with the effects of global warming and its consequences. Al Gore who produced An Inconvenient Truth, which was granted the Oscar of Best Documentary in 2007, kept the flag of climate defender flying. 2005 International Energy Agency Statistics show that developed and developing countries like the United States (21.4%), Japan (4.5%), China (18.7%), Russia (5.7%) and India (4.%) are responsible for just about 55% of the global CO2 emission. Apparently, no one is discussing the need for radical measures aiming to reduce the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Bjorn Lomborg, in his 2007 book Cool It, questions the practicality of CO2 reduction with respectable economic arguments; he recognizes the problems, but questions the way to face them and the Kyoto Protocol (KP) itself. In this context Brazil appears as a bastion with a very small contribution of just 1.2% of the global CO2 emission, especially considering its vast territorial extent. The main contribution of this research is to answer the following questions: CDM projects are profitable? What is the role of Brazil in reducing GHG emission? What is the future of the market for carbon credits after Kyoto? Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Greenhouse Gases (GHG), Kyoto Protocol, CO2 emission, Carbon Credits (CC) |
||
Is Healthy Eating, Healthy For The Environment? Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition Double Food Pyramid RUINI, L.; CIATI, R. (Barilla G. e R. FratelliS.p.A.-Italy); PRATESI, C. A.; PRINCIPATO, L. (Roma TreUniversity-Italy); MARINO, M.; PIGNATELLI, S. (StudioLCE-Italy)
|
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that agriculture and animal farming are among the sources that yield the greatest amounts of greenhouse gasses (beating out transportation) and it is generally known that proper nutrition is an essential condition to health. In 2010 Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition (BCFN) decided to re-propose the food pyramid (the first time proposed by the US Department of Agriculture in the 1990s) elaborated and updated to carefully integrate the latest findings by research, involving global warming and the impact of food on the environment. The results wereobtained with the use of Life Cycle Assessment methodology. But, a need for both communicational conciseness and clarity imposes a simpler method that accounts for all outcomes. This is why the ecological footprint served as base indicator in the construction of the double pyramid. Thus, it has been made a reclassification of food that goes beyond their positive impact on health, encompassing their impact on the environment as well. These values are overlapped in descending order to obtain an upside-down pyramid that re-proposes the same succession ongside the Food Pyramid, created a Food-Environmental Pyramid called “Double Pyramid”. It shows that those foods with higher recommended consumption levels are also those with lower environmental impact. Contrarily, those foods with lower recommended consumption levels are also those with higher environmental impact. Applying the model to everyday life and in order to estimate the extent to which the food choices of individuals affect the environmental impact, two different daily menus were analysed: both are balanced from a nutritional point of view, but in the first one, the protein is of plant origin (“vegetarian menu”), while in the second, it is mainly of animal origin (“animal protein-based menu”). The vegetarian menu has an environmental impact that is two and a half times lower than the beef one. It may be affirmed that the Mediterranean diet is the cheapest if the foods are selected judiciously, preferring those, which have a low cost and high nutritional value, such as pasta, legumes, certain types of vegetables, oil, and dried fruit. The creation of a single-course meal based on vegetables enriched with a modest addition of meat may be the best method to provide the proper caloric and nutritional intake at a limited cost. Sustainable eating definitely does not necessarily mean spending more money; accordingly it is also possible saying that eating well and healthy does not cost much more. Keywords: Nutrition, ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, costs of diets. |
||
KAIZEN Management Model and its Application in the Fertilizer Industry ASSUNÇÃO, D. S.; MOURA, L. B.; MAMEDES, T. C.; SIMÕES, T. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: This article aims to demonstrate how the KAIZEN Management Model, through its three key elements–waste elimination, five senses practice ("5S")and standardization of repetitive tasks – it is possible to identify a way to improve performance in the process of loading road-rail of sulphur in a fertilizer company in Cubatão. It is concluded that, through the application of the Management Model of continuous improvement, KAIZEN, the sector of loading road-rail of sulphur achieved a significant change in its working method, resulting in the elimination of rework and in the reduction of time and costs, contributing as well to the increase of operation’s productivity. Keywords: KAIZEN, Productivity, Performance, Sulfur [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Knowledge and Understanding of Cleaner Production Theme in Specialized Courses: A Case Study FRANKENBERG, C. L. C.; CANTELLI, M. (PUC-RS); DE OLIVEIRA, P. G. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: For new solutions in engineering education, as subjects or corporate social responsibility and sustainability courses do not have a mere decorative function in the curriculum, become necessary to define more clearly the methodology and content of the courses offered. Thus this study came from an academic need, and proved the need for further discussion of the topic in the different courses and areas. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of students Specialization course in Production PUCRS sore it. As a result it was noted the need for further study and the creation of a more detailed project to understand and possibly assist in the various academic curricula. Keywords: Academic training, cleaner production, specialization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Knowledge in Sustainability: (Self-) Perceptions of Rural Extension Technicians in Santa Catarina A. W. L. da Silva (UDESC), P. M. Selig, A. A. Lerípio (UFSC), C. V. Viegas (UFRGS) |
Abstract: Knowledge is the basis for a sustainable attitude and, as such, of sustainability itself. This assertion – valid for any social sector – seems particularly relevant to agricultural activities, which are acknowledged as a source of environmental disturbances. A survey based on a semistructured questionnaire was used to assess the perceptions of rural extensionists of the Western Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The focus was on their knowledge about agricultural sustainability as well as on their interests as regards the qualification in this matter. The technicians assessed that their present understanding of the topic is from reasonable to good, and that technical events were the principal means of obtaining the knowledge they possess. All extensionists showed interest in participating in professional training processes, showing a preference for practical activities and short courses. Most technicians consider the possibility of using their own financial resources for their own qualification. Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, sustainability knowledge, rural extension, agricultural production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Landfill Leachate Treatment by Constructed Wetland: Operation Strategies CANO, V. (USP); VICH, D. V. (UFBA); NOLASCO, M. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Landfill leachate is an important issue related to waste management, due to its high contaminants concentration and toxicity, making treatment by conventional technologies and operational parameters more difficult. Thus, this study aimed the evaluation of leachate treatment, focused on organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, by constructed wetlands, an alternative and low cost technology, using different operational strategies. The leachate taken from a landfill located in the city of Guarulhos, Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, has been treated in a laboratory scale horizontal flow constructed wetland (HF-CW) system (total volume of 30.8 L). The units werefilled with calcareous gravel andplanted with Cyperus papyrus, Heliconiapsittacorum and Gyneriumsagittatum, and a control was maintained without vegetation. The system was fed with leachate diluted in water with different proportions (between 10% and 30%) with mean Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration between 336 and 750 mg.L-1 and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) between 47 and 199 mg L-1. The operation was divided in three stages: (1st) continuous feeding with mean Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT) between 2.7 and 5.3 d; (2nd) regime of effluent recirculation to evaluate the effect of increasing the HRT to 21 days; (3rd) continuous feeding with two wetlands units in series, aiming HRT increasing (between 8.1 and 9.9 d) without recirculation. The COD removal was low, with averages below 40%, resulting in effluent concentration between 270 and 750 mg.L-1. However, there was removal of NH4-N, especially in the 2nd and 3rd stages, with average removal between 43% and 81%, resulting in concentration between 20 and 223 mg.L-1, showing HRT influence. The low efficiency for COD is probably related to the recalcitrance of the leachate, or due to inhibition of microorganisms by toxicity. For NH4-N, it is inferred that the increase of the HRT provided greater time for oxygen diffusion to the wetland system, meeting the demand of heterotrophic bacteria, which allowed the use of excess oxygen by nitrifiers, culminating in the oxidation of NH4-N. Thus the HRT is an important parameter that must be taken into account during dimensioning of HF-CW, since it influences the treatment efficiency and is related to the area demand. Keywords: Landfill leachate, constructed wetlands, recalcitrance, nitrification Hydraulic Retention Time. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
LCA as Support for P+L in the Lighting Industry SANCHEZ JUNIOR, O. (IPT)
|
Abstract: The emergence of concerns about the environmental sustainability of economic activities eventually leveraging the use of the approach of Cleaner Production-P + L for production processes and techniques of Life Cycle Assessment-LCA to evaluate the environmental performance of products and services. The present study sought to identify key indicators of the LCA that could support the implementation of the P + L for the lighting industry. In the first stage there was a structured survey of published papers dealing with LCA studies in lighting. In the second step, we carried out a search in journals to identify studies published among those that address the application of LCA to the development of products for lighting and found what the major parameters that potencialized the approach of P + L. In the third phase proposes a comprehensive model for the application of criteria for P + L with technical support from the LCA. The authors conducted an analysis of published papers that use LCA for design and product development that provided the possible indicators for use in decision-making approach of P + L. From the survey was conducted a mapping of interrelations between the processes of the LCA and the sequence P + L and identified himself as the flow of information could occur in a complementary way. It is concluded by the complementarity between process P + L and ACV technique, with the advantage of leveraging the desenpenho environmental analysis on the production process. Keywords: LCA of lighting products, comparative LCA. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
LCA of MSW Management. The Environmental Impacts of Wrong Choices RIPA, M.; FIORENTINO, G.; VACCA, V. (Partenope University of Naples, Italy); ULGIATI, S. (Parthenope University of Naples, Italy/Beijing Normal University, China)
|
Abstract: The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is currently one of the most serious and controversial issues faced by the local and regional authorities of a country.The member countries of the European Union (EU) are required to propose waste management systems that comply with the hierarchy of options, based on the following order of priority: prevention (in waste generation), preparing for reuse, recycling,other types of recovery (including energy) and, finally, the disposal of waste. To demonstrate the performance of management alternatives in the decision-making process, authorities, communities, industry and waste management companies should consider environmental aspects in addition to the evaluation of technical and economic aspects. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been demonstrated to be a suitable tool for evaluating waste management systems, although its performance strictly depends on the detailed knowledge of the state of the art and on the “localness” of data used. This paper summarizes the main results of the application of LCA methodology to the MSW management systemcurrently adopted in Naples (Italy), affected in the past years by a wastedisposal emergency, notyet completely solved. The mainstreams of MSW generated in Naplesare assessed in terms of theirenvironmental impacts and a general picture of the management system is drawn through a detailed collection of local data concerning all waste streams’ routes and destinations.In such a way, LCA allows the identification of criticalities and bottlenecks of the complex issue of waste management, thus highlighting the effects that wrong choices can generate as a starting point for future improvements. Keywords: Waste Management, Life Cycle Assessment, Municipal Solid Waste
|
||
LCA of Public Luminaires: Proposal for Mapping Production Flow for Inventory O. Sanchez Júnior (IPT-SP)
|
Abstract: Considering the efforts of the various instances of government and the productive sector to minimize the consumption of electricity for lighting and thereby budget gain, there is a generalization of procedures exclusively towards the replacement of technology from a simple analysis focused only on saving energy. However, there is a number of parameters whose analysis should compose an inventory and thereby assist the decisions of the energy concessionaires of municipality administration, and to subsidize manufacturing projects. This inventory could aid decisions with a focus on sustainability in the use of equipment for lighting and so there would be an aggregation of value and promote greater environmental responsibility within the framework of public policies apply. This paper proposes a mapping of the flow of production of luminaires for street lighting to be used as reference for the application of the Life Cycle Assessment - LCA methodology. With this methodology, the results may provide support for product development from the perspective of sustainability. Keywords: Public luminaires LCA, street lighting production inventory [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Leaching of Mo, Cd, Zn, As and Pb of Fly Ash from Figueira, Paraná Power Plant C. N. Lange, J. C. Silva C. S. Bocci, I. M. C. de Camargo (IPEN)
|
Abstract: Fly ashes are frequently disposed inadequately on soil at thermoelectric power plants proximities, where toxic elements may be leached by the rain, transported to natural water sources and absorbed by plants and animals in soil. Fly ash columns were leached using a solution that simulated an acid rain for one year to evaluate the liberation of As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mo. The results had showed that some of these elements, such as Mo, As and Cd were leached in amounts that may cause underground water contamination. Keywords: Ash, coal, metal, leaching and thermoelectric [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Lean and Green: Study on Integrated Practices SANT’ANNA, P. R.; CAMPOS, L. M. S. (UFSC) |
Abstract: Context - Increasingly, organizations find themselves forced to expand their productivity by reducing costs and ensuring quality. In addition, the strong scarcity of resources and high levels of pollution have led the government to interfere in this process, by creating laws to control the environmental impact that these companies generate. Firms willing to reduce waste have already adopted lean manufacturing and also environmental management as an approach to control impacts. Gap - The joint action of both models leads to the new management approach called Lean and Green (LG). However, it appears that studies on LG are few, not showing how organizations can act in order to achieve results for both models. Purpose - This paper aims to propose a list of practices that companies could adopt in case it wishes to lean and to be environmentally friendly at the same time. Methodology - For this purpose, an exploratory research was carried out, resulting in 43 papers related to Lean and Green practices. Secondly, all practices found in each paper were listed up, to finally filter those that can be classified as LG, in agreement with previous studies. Results - As a result of the research, a table of LG practices is presented. It can be consulted by organizations wishing to reconcile the two theories in their production routines. It happens that some lean practices need to be adapted in order to be classified as LG. Conclusions - The results show being possible to apply the LG management model in practice, with only the adoption of lean manufacturing and environmental management practices that converge on purpose. There is a wide gap in the field of how environmental management can influence on lean manufacturing, since most of the analysis presented are given in the opposite direction. Finally, the implementation of lean practices itself do not guarantee outcomes enough to meet the requirements of environmental laws. Keywords: Lean and green, lean manufacturing, environmental management, practices [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Lean Maintenance: Perspective of Competitive and Sustainable Manufacturing SOUZA, J. B.; SACOMANO, J. B.; KYRILLOS, S. L. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This article focuses on the integration of operations management processes and with the paradigm of Lean Maintenance, specifically models of production systems in the context of a competitive and sustainable manufacturing. The research method is based on a critical analysis of the literature using two complementary approaches. The research also has shown that adopting the paradigm "Lean Maintenance" in businesses and organizations is still in its embryonic state; however our results suggest that the implementation of the paradigm "Lean Maintenance" can act as a catalyst for operational performance, i.e. making competitive and sustainable manufacturing, especially providing synergy to corporate sustainability. It is important to note that this research will be the basis for a more detailed for medium and small project. Keywords: Environmental, Operations, Production, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Lean Six Sigma and Sustainability: Literature Review Analysis WALTER, O. M. F. C.; PALADINI, E. P. (UFSC); KALBUSCH, A.; HENNING, E. (UDESC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Lean Six Sigma (LSS) has contributed to many organizations around the world to adopt this in their operations to become more competitive. The evolution of production systems and government requirements has led companies to develop strategies to achieve more sustainable operations. Evidences suggest that LSS and sustainability (LSSS) contribute to organization performance and environmental issues. However, the theoretical contribution from LSSS has been insufficiently discussed in literature. This article aims to analyze articles on literature reviews on the LSSS theme, in order to present its main characteristics. This study verifies what has been published on the theme in order to point out similarities and differences in research findings. Additionally, there is a comparison on what has been discussed in LSS literature reviews to what is available in LSSS literature reviews. The results show that there are few publications on LSSS. Even so, there are similarities in research findings among LSS and LSSS literature reviews, which can lead to many research opportunities in the theme. Keywords: Lean Six Sigma, Sustainability, and literature review. |
||
LEGOLEVE Blocks R. C. Kanning; J. A. Cerri (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Topics like the urban solid waste management, the housing deficit, the increasing consumption of natural resources and the waste generation in the building industry are concerning for the majority of countries. The development of LEGOLEVE project is presented as a potential solution to minimize these problems. The use of EPS (styropor) and PET bottles as components of material for constructions shows several advantages, such as: reduces of natural resources consumption (ex. sand); reduce the urban solid waste volume to be disposed; it has a low production cost, reduces the overall time for completing the project and its application can be conducted by anyone with some technical habilities. Finally, these materials do not need nesting mortar. The proposal of this work is discuss about the properties of the LEGOLEVE blocks, which is made of lightweight concrete using recycled EPS aggregate and joined by PET bottles. The development of LEGOLEVE blocks has been based on the following definitions: the amount of EPS in the light concrete, the casting mould design and the processes of casting and setting point, using in this stage cylindrical specimens. After defining the best composition (amount of EPS) and the process parameters, several blocks had been prepared and analyzed, comparing the results with values from ceramic blocks. The water absorption level and mechanical results show that LEGOLEVE blocks partially reach the values set by NBR 15270/2005, although the LEGOLEVE has no specific standard to be evaluated. Additionally, it was observed that the blocks are horizontally connected by bottles, substituting with advantages the lime-based mortar. Comparing ceramic blocks with LEGOLEVE blocks, in regards to productivity and costs of masonry, shows the following advantages of the last one: use 75% less of constructive elements, very low consume of mortar (about 100 times less) and allows executing the task in 75% less time with reduced effort of the workman. Keywords: Lightweight concrete blocks, styropor, PET [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Level of Disclosure of Environmental Information in the Electricity Sector: an Empirical Study of Brazil and Iberian Peninsula C. Braga (UFCE), P. P. Silva (Coimbra University-Portugal), G. P. Santos (UFCE)
|
Abstract: The world is faced with a challenge in the world market for electricity: energy security, protected environment and competitiveness in the search for the sustainable energy. The balance of these three elements enables the production of cleaner and compatible energy with sustainable development. One way to assess the environmental performance and level of disclosure of a company is the use of indicators. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) indicators are highlighted. In the first decade of this century there was an increase in social and environmental disclosure in the electricity sector in Brazil. The demand of stakeholders for environmental reporting and accountability by promoting the dissemination of the environmental report, especially in an industry sensitive to the environment. With the privatization of the sector in Brazil, some of the Iberian Peninsula enterprises made investments in companies that integrate various links of the industry value chain. This paper aims to identify the Environmental Information Disclosure Level (EIDL) of Brazilian and the Iberian Peninsula companies, which have made environmental disclosure using the GRI indicators, G3, posted on the GRI, in the period 2006 to 2008. The conclusions show that Brazilian companies are in the process of improving the level of disclosure and the Iberian ones are divided between those that grew in the dissemination and those that experienced a reduction. The analysis between the level of disclosure and the location of the firms suggests that the Iberian companies are better positioned than the Brazilian. The definition of stakeholders for companies is similar in all three countries. Regarding the company's communication process with stakeholders there are also similarities. Keywords: Disclosure, GRI, environment, Brazil, the Iberian Peninsula
|
||
Life Cycle Analysis for Cow Beef in Sonora: Slaughtering Stage C. R. Álvarez-Chávez, A. A. Flores-Soto, R. Pérez-Ríos (UNISON-Mexico) |
Abstract: By using a life cycle analysis, impacts to the environment were identified and assessed during the slaughtering stage of the production system of beef from Mexico Supreme Quality official brand in a Federally Inspected Type (TIF by Spanish acronym) Slaughterhouse within the state of Sonora, Mexico. The weight of two channels was the functional unit considered. To this end, the slaughter process characterization was carried out on the slaughterhouse, where qualitative and quantitative data was obtained as inputs into production processes and cleaning, and emissions to water, air, solid waste, etc. The following environmental impacts were identified and analyzed using software GaBi Education: global warming potential, eutrophication of water, air acidification, photochemical ozone creation and human toxicity. The results showed that the main environmental impacts include the potential for water eutrophication and global warming due to pollution of wastewater, which contained organic matter and chemicals during the production process, and due to emissions of CH4 and CO2 from livestock enteric fermentation, manure management, and use of fossil fuels. Opportunities were proposed to improve the environmental aspects on the slaughterhouse such as improving sewage treatment, optimizing water use, introducing the use of renewable energy, among others. The results of this study are useful in efforts to improve environmental issues and to prevent pollution at this stage of the production chain of beef. Keywords: Life cycle analysis (LCA), Global Warming Potential, Eutrophication Potential, beef, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions
|
||
Life Cycle Assesment – Comparative study of extruded Aluminium profile and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ESPITIA, A. C.; GONDAK, M. O.; SILVA, D. A. L. (USP)
|
Abstract: The growing concern about the quality of the environment has driven the development of new techniques to support decision-making in companies, aimed at creating new models of production and selection of materials that are environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Among these new techniques, stands the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA identify and quantify is a systematic form the materials flows, energy, wastes, and emissions caused during the product life cycle, allowing quantify previously the potentials environmental impacts. In this paper was made a comparative LCA between two materials used in the automotive industry: Aluminum profile Vs. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Those materials were compared using the bulkhead’s profile manufacturing process, showing the characteristics of each one and the most relevant importance about the mains environmental indicators: Energy Consumption, and potential environmental impacts. For this, were modeled two scenarios of product´s manufacturing process, having as main variable the number of recycling aluminum and PVC. The results showed that the energy consumption in the aluminum life cycle was 494 times higher than for PVC.Additionally, the impacts categories Ecotoxicity water acute, Ecotoxicity water chronic, Human toxicity air, Human toxicity soil, Human toxicity water, Human toxicity water, Photochemical oxidant potential, were responsible for 90% higher impact for on the aluminum comparatively with the PVC, considering the recycling scenarios modeled. These results are presented gave mainly due to the amount of resources required for the production of aluminum. Therefore, the bulkhead profile for use in the studied (Automotive Industry) should be produced in PVC, so that environmental impacts are minimized in support of environmental sustainability. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, PVC, Aluminum, Environmental Performance, Automotive Industry. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Discussion on Full-Scale and Simplified Assessments to Support the Product Development Process D. C. A. Pigosso (USP), S. R. Sousa (USP/Center for Information Technology Renato Archer)
|
Abstract: The environmental impacts observed throughout a product life cycle are, to a large extent, determined during its development phase, especially on the initial stages of product development process. These stages are characterized by a high level of uncertainty, environmental performance improvement potential and by the unavailability of quantitative and detailed data of the product for performing fullscale LCAs, since it is still under development. Companies are more than ever recognizing the need for adopting a systemic view of the environmental impacts in the first stages of product development but, the complexity and slowness of fullscale LCA studies coupled with the lack of technical expertise of the designers to apply LCA, prevents the use of the results in the decision making process of product development. In order to overcome this problem, a large amount of ecodesign practitioners and academics has developed simplified methods and tools to assess the environmental impacts in the product life cycle. In this context, the main goal of this study is to discuss the use of full-scale and simplified LCA in product development process context and present an overview of the so called simplified LCA, obtained during a systematic literature review on ecodesign methods and tools. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Simplified Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), ecodesign, Product Development Process (PDP)
|
||
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Automotive Sector: Case Study in an Exhaust Valve Producer LOPES SILVA, D. A. (UFSCar); OLIVEIRA, J. A. (UNESP); SILVA, E. J.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: Depending on the production sector and type of product, the environmental impacts of products placed on the market may be more significant outside the "factory-gate", i.e., those impacts may be more associated with the upstream and/or downstream life cycle stages of manufacturing. This is the case in many automotive industries, where environmental impacts of vehicles and their components show more significant contributions during the use phase compared to the manufacturing. Thus, this article aims to contribute to further research involving Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in the automotive sector, focusing on the case involving the production of exhaust valves in Brazil. For this, a LCA was applied in a cradle-to-grave perspective of exhaust valves, and the results indicated that more than 90% of the impacts are due to the use phase of the product in vehicle engines. Thirteen midpoint impact categories were evaluated, including global warming potential, particulate matter formation potential, and human toxicity potential. Finally, suggestions for improvement were proposed to minimize part of the environmental hotspots identified in the study. Keywords: Environmental Management. Sustainable Production. Automotive Industry. Life Cycle Management |
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Biobutanol Production Integrated to Sugarcane Biorefineries in Brazil PEREIRA, L. G.; CHAGAS, M. F; DIAS, M. O. S.; CAVALETT, O.; BONOMI, A. (CTBE/CNPEM)
|
Abstract: New sugarcane biorefinery routes considering the integral use of biomass have become more important to the strategic objectives of the bioenergy production expansion in Brazil, especially for diversifying and adding value to the sugarcane production chain. Among these new products, biobutanol has been increasingly investigated, mostly for its use as a fuel, since its energy density is greater than that of ethanol, but also to replace an established use as feedstock in the chemical industry. In view of the new green chemistry technological routes development, it becomes interesting and necessary assessing the viability of the butanol production from sugarcane. In this study, the sugarchemical route characterized by the fermentation of sugarcane juice was evaluated using the Life Cycle Asessment method considering arrangements for the process integration in the existing Brazilian sugarcane biorefineries: first and second generation using ABE fermentation (acetone-butanol-ethanol) with wild and genetically modified strains. The evaluation approach took into account the whole production chain, from the agricultural stage, through the transportation of sugarcane and vinasse, to the industrial process of biobutanol production and its use as liquid fuel for transport. The software package SimaPro and the CML 2 Baseline 2000 v2.05 method were used as tools for the environmental impact assessment. The life cycle inventories were obtained from literature and mass and energy balances taken from process computer simulation. Results showed that butanol produced from the lignocellulosic material (cane bagasse and straw) presents lower environmental impacts compared to first generation scenarios evaluated. As well as previous biofuels production assessment studies have already pointed out, the agricultural stage is the most relevant to the total environmental impacts in the butanol case. Nevertheless, the use of water, enzyme, equipment (carbon steel), and the emissions from the bagasse combustion could be highlighted as the most important in terms of environmental impacts for the industrial stage. Results for the productivity per tonne of sugarcane in first generation scenarios indicate that the efficiency of the ABE fermentation process needs to be improved so biobutanol could turn into an economic viable alternative. The production of second generation biobutanol, on the other hand, could be a viable alternative for the integral use of biomass adding value to the sugarcane production chain. Its analysis accounting for production and use as liquid fuel for transportation has shown that results are at the same level as the impacts related to ethanol from sugarcane, presenting advantage if compared with gasoline in terms of global impacts, such as global warming and ozone depletion potentials. Nevertheless, categories related to local impacts such as eutrophication and acidification potentials presented higher values for butanol in comparison with gasoline. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, butanol, sugarcane, biorefinery |
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Cleaner Electricity Generation Systems: An Analysis of Scientific Production BARROS, M. V.; PIEKARSKI, C. M.; SALVADOR, R. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The search for electricity cleaner production has become a research and development item in several countries. There are demands for investments, developments of new technologies and knowledge generation about the environmental performances of different sources of electricity generation. Thus, this work aims to perform a systematized theoretical analysis of scientific research on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of electric power generation systems. The systematized theoretical analysis was constructed using Methodi Ordinatio method. The criteria for theoretical analysis were: keywords ("LCA + Electric* Mix*", "LCA + Electric* Energy + Life Cycle Assessment + Energy Production"), author, year, country, university, periodic, JCR, number of citations and Methodi Ordinatio. After the application of the method 26 articles were selected for discussion. that the results show that there is a higher incidence of articles published in European countries. Among the main evaluation methods used are the ReCipe, CML, Impact 2002+, CED. Another highlight is that the studies show that wind energy has one of the lowest environmental impact indexes in its generation compared to other sources according to the articles addressed. In some countries, cleaner sources are promising due to their capacity to generate electricity through locations with high wind rates and high sunlight capture. In this way, the results can be used in public policies, development actions and incentives of different energy matrices and contribute to the scientific literature on LCA and electric power generation. Keywords: LCA, Electricity, Environmental performance, Energy matrix [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Composite Wood-Based Panels: Case Study in OSB FERRO, F. S.; BRUGNERA, R. R.; SILVA, D. A. L.; ROCCO LAHR, F. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The use of wood panels hasgrown in Brazil, and one panel that could be highlights is the OSB (Oriented Strand Board), which could replaces, in many cases, the plywood.At the same time, is also growing environmental concerns related to products, from it manufactured, use and disposal.Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an important technique for environmental assessment of entire products life cycle, inholistically way.Thus, combining the increasing of OSB use and environmental concerns, this study makes an LCA crade-to-gate for OSB panels. The aim of this study was to identify the main potential environmental impacts related to the OSB manufacture in laboratory scale and to propose some opportunities for environmental improvements to their life cycle.The functional unit as well as the flow reference adopted was 1m³ of uncoated OSB manufacture. For the environmental impacts assessment, it was used the EDIP-97 method for 12 impact categories.The LCA results indicated that theLaboratory Manufacture stage was responsible for the greatest environmental impacts (from 0.38% to photochemical ozone formation to 100.00% for ozone depletion, and 100.00% for Ecotoxicity by air), and was also where there are the largest consumption of renewable resources and energy. Finally, based on the identified environment hotspot, environmental improvements have been suggested for the OSB panellife cycle manufacture. Keywords: Life cycle assessment (LCA), Oriented Strand Board (OSB), environmental performance, environmental impact [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Metalic Structures COELHO, M. B. O. (EESC); BRANDÃO M. S. (ESALQ)
|
Abstract: A life cycle assessment is a method that helps to identify the magnitude of the environmental impact of a product within their chain of production and consumption. The results of this evaluation may be usefulin designing strategies for more sustainable use of natural resources. This work studied the life cycle of steel structures of a company from São Paulo, Reccom Industrial Equipment during the ministry of matter Engineering Product Lifecycle, taught by Professor Aldo Roberto Ometto the University of São Paulo - São Carlos . It was found that the production of the same could be revisited is the realization of a project to minimize waste production, or through a system of reverse logistics or implementing actions CP (Cleaner Production), thus making more sustainable products. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, environmental impact, case study, metallic structures |
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Steel Framing Wall Systems: Hotspots for Environmental Improvements and Possible Trade-offs BUENO, C.; ROSSIGNOLO, J. A.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: Purpose: Identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of steel framing wall systems by evaluating their main emissions contributing to impact categories, and identifying hotspots for environmental improvements and the possible trade-offs. Methods: The research is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of steel framing wall systems performed by the authors. The processes that have demonstrated higher contribution to environmental impacts were identified in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) phase using the methodology ReCiPe and a detailed analysis was carried out on the mitigation strategies and possibilities of trade-offs. Results and Conclusions: The highest potential impacts in the life cycle of the steel framing wall systems can be attributed mainly to emissions coming from the production of steel and fiber cement in most part of the categories. However the highest contributions have shown to come also from fiber wood production for the categories Agricultural Land Occupation and from gyp sum fiber board production for the category Particulate Matter Formation. The results of this LCA study are part of a major research on the comparative analysis of different typologies of external wall systems, which aims to contribute to the creation of a life cycle database of major building systems, to be used by the environmental certification of buildings. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Steel Framing Wall Systems, Contribution Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis
|
||
Life Cycle Assessment of the production of biodiesel from the Seeds of Tabaco Solaris CARVALHO, F. S.; FORNASIER, F.; LEITÃO, O.M.; SCHNEIDER, R. C. S.; MORAES, J. A. R.(UNISC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze the life cycle of the agricultural production of Seed Solaris for purposes of obtaining biodiesel in the region of Santa Cruz do Sul. Mainly in this municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, there is a high tobacco production aiming at obtaining leaves to be used in the manufacture of cigarettes. Solaris tobacco, known as energetic, has been installed in experimental farming and has an agricultural production similar to conventional tobacco. In this sense, we performed the evaluation of the stage of seed production using Life Cycle Analysis and thus, recognizing, during the stage of experimental crops, what can be improved in the production to reduce the environmental impact. The work was done taking into account the resources needed to obtain 1kg of seed as a functional unit in the SimaPro 8.5 software, using the Ecoinvent 3.4 database, and the ReCiPe 1.06 evaluation method in the hierarchical perspective, other methods were also used for comparison purposes. It has been found that compared to other biodiesel production lifecycle assessment initiatives, it is understood that producing Solaris tobacco seed biodiesel leads to similar impacts to those identified with other crops, with total damage to the production of 1 kg of Solaris tobacco oil biodiesel of 1.07E-05 Daly, 7,13E-08 species.yr and 1,42E + 01 $, for categories related to human health, ecosystem and natural resources, respectively. Keywords: Energetic Tobacco, Solaris, LCA, LCIA, SimaPro. |
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Wardrobe Made of Medium Density Particleboard (MDP) SILVA, D. A. L.; IRITANI, D. R.; GRAEL, P. F. F.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to assess the environmental performance of a wardrobe made of medium density particleboard and propose environmental improvements focused on life cycle perspective. The Life Cycle Assessment technique was used based on ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, which has the following phases: Goal and Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and Interpretation. The life cycle considered in this study was cradle-to-gate type which comprises obtaining raw materials, manufacturing and distribution of the wardrobe. The functional unit was 40 kg of stored goods for 5 years and the reference flow defined was one unit of wardrobe. The life cycle modeling was conducted in GaBi software, version Education 4.4, based on attributional modeling and EDIP-97 method was used for LCIA phase, including normalization step. The results shows that the most significant environmental impacts occur in obtaining raw materials and distribution of the wardrobe steps, and the categories of environmental impacts most relevant were Human Toxicity, Global Warming and Acidification, totaling 68,0% of total environmental impact of life cycle. The proposed actions for environmental improvement aim to optimize product distribution through the use of cleaner fuels and reducing distances of transport routes. Furthermore, a additional study was recommended to analyze and optimize the MDP panel consumption, for example, combining its use with alternative materials. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental performance, Sustainability, Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), Environmental Impact |
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Systems for Conventional Activated Sludge and UASB Reactor followed by Activated Sludge RESENDE, J. D., RODRIGUES, P.F.M.A., PACCA, S. A., NOLASCO, M. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Concern about the environmental dimension of sustainability has gained increasing importance in society, however, studies that make a comparative analysis of the technological wastewater treatment alternatives in the design stage of the treatment systems still show up incipient and restricted with regard to the to the consideration of environmental variables in decision making. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) a tool initially designed for the analysis of the environmental performance of products, has been very efficient to evaluate the potential environmental impact of sewage treatment plants. In this context, in the present work, the Life Cycle Assessment tool was used in order to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of two sewage treatment systems: conventional activated sludge and UASB reactor followed by activated sludge. The modeling of systems and calculations involved in the evaluation of the impact of the life cycle have been achieved by the use of OpenLCA software, in order to be identified the most significant environmental issues and make a comparison of the environmental performance of the systems. Of the ten categories of the environmental impact evaluated by the CML method, LAC system showed worse environmental performance than UASB reactor followed by activated sludge system in eight of them. Through sensitivity analysis, it was found that for the impact categories acidification and marine ecotoxicity,the electricity required for aeration systems had a great influence on the results. Keywords: Wastewater treatment; LCA; Conventional Activated Sludge System; UASB reactor; Sensitivity Analysis [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Systems Including Constructed Wetlands RESENDE, J. D.; NOLASCO, M. A.; PACCA, S. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Decentralized wastewater treatment systems, although having some advantages in relation to centralized systems, also cause environmental impacts. This characteristic, must be taken into account in the selection of an alternative technology to treat wastewater or in propose improvements to existing systems. One of the tools that can be used to assess the environmental performance of wastewater treatment systems is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In this study, LCA was used in order to analyze and compare the potential environmental impacts of two configurations of decentralized wastewater treatment systems involving constructed wetlands. The constructed wetlands studied were built using two distinct materials: fiberglass and brick masonry. The modeling of systems and calculations involved in the assessing of the life cycle impacts were realized through the use of openLCA software. The impact assessment method used for the categories of terrestrial acidification, climate change, eutrophication of fresh water, formation of photochemical oxidants, formation of particulate matter and freshwater depletion was the ReCiPe method. The results showed that the potential impacts related to the use of masonry with bricks for the construction of the systems are greater than the potential impacts related to the use of fiber of glass for all impact categories studied. Keywords: LCA, Life Cycle Assessment, constructed wetlands, ReCiPe, OpenLCA [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Life Cycle Impact Assessment Panels Obtained from Green Coconut Husk FREIRE, A. L. F. (UECE); FIGUEIRÊDO, M. C. B.; ROSA, M. F. (EMBRAPA); ARAÚJO JÚNIOR, C. P. (UFCE)
|
Abstract: This study evaluates the environmental impact of coconut husk panel with dimensions 11 cm x 11 cm x 5 mm with a mass of 0.071 kg, density 1.29 g / cm3, whereas their life cycle. The product system comprises the processes: opening the coconut, husk processing, transportation of raw material (dust and fiber), energy production and panel production. The panel production is a macro process unit comprises the following processes: sieving the powders and kiln-drying, grinding fiber, fiber oven drying, and pressing of the panel. The impacts were evaluated by the CML method (2001), for the categories: depletion of abiotic resources, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, depletion of the ozone layer and human toxicity. The results indicate the panel pressing as the largest contributor to the analyzed impact categories. The production of electrical energy required in the press is responsible for these impacts. The processing of the bark contributed 71% to the eutrophication category, given the high organic content of the effluents. The transport contributed 18.9% of impacts on acidification categories and depletion of abiotic resources by truck operation and fuel use. The results show three critical points: Energy consumption in the panel pressing stage, transportation of raw materials and the effluents generated in the processing step of the shell. To improve the environmental performance of the panel suggests to evaluate: i) reduction of energy consumption in pressing, ii) and evaluation of wastewater reuse in irrigation of plants. Keywords: Evaluation of the life cycle (LCA), environmental impact, green coconut husk panel [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Life Cycle Management for Plastic Waste Management: A Life Cycle Assessment of Polyethylene Bag in Thailand TREENATE, P.; RUANGRIT, C.; CHAVALPARIT, O. (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok - Thailand)
|
Abstract: This study applied life cycle assessment method for the evaluating the environmental impact of post-consumer polyethylene bag for food packaging. The system boundary was defined as the cradle-to-grave which included the production of ethylene, HDPE, LDPE and LLDPE resins and plastic bag, transportation and end-of life management. The results showed that most of environmental impact came from polyethylene resins production and raw material acquisitions including the energy consumption as well. The Strategies for mitigating the environmental impact of polyethylene bag for food packaging in order to achieve sustainability should cover the life cycle management of plastic bag product. For the raw material consumption, bio-materials and recycled plastic resins should be considered for the substitution of virgin material. For the production system, the 3Rs concept should be utilized in all production stages in order to increase the resource efficiency. For the end-of-life management, plastic waste should be recovered as a fuel for the substitution of coal instead of the incineration of municipal solid waste or landfilling method. This option can minimize the impact of global warming and non-carcinogen potential as well. Keywords: Plastic waste management; 3Rs policy; waste management law and legislation. |
||
Linking Sanitation to Agriculture: Recycling Nutrients from Human Excreta in Food Production CHRISPIM M. C.; SALINAS, D. P.; CANO, V.; NOLASCO, M. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: Poor sanitation services and water scarcity have become a global issue and not only a problem relevant to arid zones. In addition, hunger and malnutrition, poverty and limited energy access that constrain the achievement of human wellbeing and economic growth are worldwide problems, including Brazil. Large conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants are often expensive to establish and difficult to operate. As a result many cities and villages in developing countries are unable to set up such facilities and operate them. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems have proved to be successful in many communities, particularly in peri-urban settlements in Asia and Africa. This approach is based on the principles of decentralization of responsability, simplification of technology and the focus is on recycling the waste and nutrients. Keywords: Human urine, ecological sanitation, unfertilized soil, urban agriculture, permaculture
|
||
Los Residuos Agrícolas y Cañeros como Alternativa Energética del Presente y del Futuro P. F. Beltrán, J. B. C. Martínez, J. R. F. Veja, I. F. Acea, A. S. Medina, V. Mencia (UCf-Cuba)
|
Abstract: This work presents biomasses uniaxial deformation experiments in a cylindrical matrix, and mathematical models of the biomasses physical behaviour are obtained. These models were very useful in the design of hydraulic briquettes- molders. The results in the production of tubular are relevant. Thus, the technical and economical standards of these briquettes are equal or superior to those appearing in the specialized literature for the technology in question. The higher effectiveness of the tubular briquettes over the solid ones has been demonstrated theoretically and practically in the cases of thermochemical processes and transformation of biomasses. This is feasible for biomasses coming from not wooden waste, and which geometrical dimensions have been conveniently modified. It is important to highlight the sources and conditions of the waste used. It is obtained mainly as a result of the agricultural processes and the sugar cane industry. This waste is often found in the harvest fields or recollection centres at a humidity between 12-20%. The levels of humidity cannot be easily reduced, since there are serious difficulties to create the technical and technological infrastructure that the improvement of these conditions requires. Because of the briquettes- molder adaptability and mobility, the hydraulic densification technology is the most viable alternative to address the above stated problem. They can be taken to the diverse places where the biomasses are located. |
||
M - O |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Management of Aspects and Environmental Impacts in the Production and Transport of Chemical Products: Study of Case J. A. Kaercher; S. R. Allebrandt; J. A. R. Moraes; E. L. Machado (UNISC)
|
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate and provide improvements in environmental performance in a company production line located 100 km from Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil, manufacturer and carrier of chemicals. For this, the GAIA method was applied to evaluate the management aspects and environmental impacts. The proposed method was to offer the organization a management tool to improve the its environmental performance, as the focus of GAIA is to develop a critical awareness in the people who make up the organization of the raw material waste levels and inputs of production process and the effects on the environment and people. The method consisted of applying a questionnaire, which was the basis for suggestions for improvement, and the most significant would be the adequacy of the filling and handling of products, the risk of leaks occur and generation of gases, causing contamination of soil, water, air and people. Keywords: Method GAIA, environment, environmental aspects, environmental impacts, continuous improvement [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Management of the Use of Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production: A Case Study McDonald's T. N. Lopes, V. A. Belo (Unicastelo), A. Formigoni, E. F. Rodrigues, I. P. A. Campos (UNIP) |
Abstract: In view of the currently rising awareness on the sustainability and environmental questions on the part of the general public, the present work reflects on the importance of implementing an Environmental Management System, both as an image improving iniciative, and as a source of financial return, for the companies that decide to take this step, and as a source of environmental benefits for both the company itself and the society it exists within. A case-study was performed to investigate the actuality of those concepts, focusing on the fast-food services sector, McDonald's having been selected as a very representative large company in this sector, which, therefore, presents the ideal conditions for the application of environmental management techniques, in view of the high volume of residues it generates. Hence, the present state of the solution McDonald's has implemented for its management of used cooking oil, which nowadays is integrally converted to biodiesel, in particular, and its policy for residue management, in general, are described and discussed herein. Keywords: Environmental management, sustainability, biodiesel from organic residues [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Management of the Use of Vegetable Oils in Order to Restaurant Cleaner Production R. C. S. Schneider; E. Santos; R. A. Klamt; E. L. Machado (UNISC)
|
Abstract: The process of frying is an operation that provides characteristics of scent, flavor, color and texture to food. The oil can become an ingredient capable of introducing chemical changes provoked by a lingering warming. This work has the objective to develop strategies of management of the use of vegetable oils in restaurants through opportunities of PML, viewing the minimization of consumption of energy and raw materials, and the reuse of waste for the production of biofuels. In this work, it was studied the soybean oil used in frying of immersion in two restaurants, viewing to evaluate in what conditions the oil used for frying is discarded and relating these conditions with its use as raw material for the production of biodiesel. As a result, materials with different degrees of oxidation and contaminant material were obtained, and it was identified that the oil that was discarded after being used for too long can be inadequate for feeding animals, and for this reason they are collected in restaurants of the region, and they demand more care for the production of biodiesel. From the monitoring of production activities of the restaurants, stages in the preparation of food with higher consumption of raw materials and generation of waste were identified, and based on approaches of a cleaner Production it was developed a prognosis to minimize environmental impacts. Keywords: Biodiesel; frying oil, PML, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Managing I/O material flows in industrial processes – A key step towards sustainable production P. J. Partidário; J. M. Figueiredo (INETI - Lisbon-Portugal)
|
Abstract: Industrial wastes consist of unused resources in the production process, which create costs and no added value. Measuring input-output material flows at a company level is therefore crucial for waste prevention, which is a key path towards higher resources productivity. Waste prevention strategies focus in particular on reducing or eliminating undesired waste streams, and managing by-products within the production process, rather than treatment and disposal approaches. In the long run, prevention strategies are more cost-effective and environmentally sound than conventional pollution control approaches. Waste prevention strategies apply to any manufacturing process and range from relatively easy operational changes and good housekeeping practices to more extensive changes such as replacing input materials, fine tuning or replacing equipment, or even making use of state-of-art technology. This paper provides insights on the development and testing of a toolbox for the inventory and management of waste flows looking forward to implementing a ‘zero waste’ strategy. Twelve case studies selected within seven Portuguese industrial branches were explored. The toolbox included an activity based costing methodology, as well as detailed process mapping and material balances used at company level to measure resource flows and undesired waste streams, and thus to fix optimisation targets by integrating waste prevention into business strategies. In each company, empirical results showed: a) The usefulness of the approach; b) how powerful waste prevention is providing strategic inputs for decision taking (a hierarchy built on a economic and environmental basis); c) how critical operating conditions are, and therein both branch or company’s culture, in order to influence the implementation of waste prevention initiatives. Main conclusions drawn from those case studies enable to propose both: a) at a micro level, new options for strategic improvement; b) at a macro level, hypotheses about how public policies may address waste prevention and about the diffusion of eco-efficiency in those industrial branches in order to pave the way towards sustainable production. Keywords: Manufacturing, strategy, performance-measure(s), methodology, innovation |
||
Mapping Drivers and Inhibitors Factors for the Integration of Stakeholders in the Development of Green Products Innovation CARA, J. M.; D’AGOSTIN, A.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F. (UPF - Brazil); RIBEIRO, J. L .D. (UFRGS - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The present study aimed, through a systematic review of the literature, identify drivers and inhibitors for the integration of stakeholders in the developing process of environmentally sustainable products. From the 37 articles selected, it was mapped that both internal and external resources tend to facilitate or hinder the process of integration and collaboration between companies and stakeholders in the development of green product innovations. The main drivers are the variables “joint development of resources and capacities”, “competitive advantage”, “non-linearity of processes”, “market and stakeholder pressures”, “organizational learning” and “commitment of managements”. As for the inhibitors, “knowledge socialization”, “initial costs” and “trust” are the variables with the highest frequency of citation in the articles analyzed. In addition to the listing factors, the article summarizes micro, meso and macroenvironment variables, relevant for implementation of integration and collaboration practices between company and stakeholders. Keywords: Cross-functional collaboration; Sustainability; Product development; Eco-innovation. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Mapping for the Treatment of Electrical and Electronic Waste in a Higher Education Institution RIBEIRO, K. A.; SANTOS, R. G.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; POMPONE, E. C. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to present and analyze the processes of treatment of technological waste from the activities of the area of information technology in a higher education institution. Therefore, interviews with the technical teams involved in these processes were conducted, with emphasis on the equipment and inputs used by the area of information technology. In this study, the policy developed for the asset management of the organization that deals with the life cycle of Information Technology equipment, from its acquisition to disposal was analyzed. It was possible to conclude that in this institution the treatment is carried out in accordance with the norms and regulations in force. In addition, it was verified that before discarding the product, donations are made to registered companies if the equipment is in operation. In the case of non-operating equipment, the components in good condition are removed and the remainder is discarded and withdrawn by specialized and governmentaccredited companies. The contribution of this paper is the presentation of the policy of use, update, reuse, donation and disposal of assets, and the mapping of the life cycle process of equipment and information technology inputs. Keywords: Electrical and electronic equipment waste, Asset policy, Life cycle, Donation and disposal [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Mapping the Stockholm Vehicle Gas Supply Chain using Network Theory to Assess Local Upgraded Biogas Supply and Demand Relations SANCHES-PEREIRA, A. (KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden/USP); LÖNNQVIST, T. (KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden); TUDESCHINI, L. G. (USP)
|
Abstract: The paper uses Stockholm County as a case study to guide our analysis. The region not only concentrates the largest number of inhabitants in Sweden but also holds alone around 35% of the Swedish fleet of passenger cars using gas as fuel. The region’s potential vehicle gas demands are 460 GWh by 2020 and 1202 GWh by 2030. The methodological approach relies on Network Theory to guide the numerical analysis of the vehicle gas supply chain in the region. Our results indicates that local vehicle gas supply chain is a rigid structure that might be averse to new entrants such as new distribution companies but, at the same time, it offers opportunities for biogas producers. Distribution companies, especially those placed in the 1st-tier segment are averse to new entrants because they present high homophily and strong ties. Hence, they are more prone to maintain the network’s status quo since the Swedish vehicle gas market is not yet well developed, which results in a lack of multiple players, which leads to cluster formation. Keywords: Biofuels, upgraded biogas, vehicle gas supply chain, network analysis, Stockholm County
|
||
MAS: A Proposed Tool for Assessing the Sustainability C. A. C. Guimarães, L. M. S. Campos (UFSC), G. Buso (Paripassú Florianópolis) |
Abstract: This article describes a tool called Map of Sustainability Assessment (MSA). This tool was developed in order to find ways to assess the sustainability of the processes of a network of company's customers in the food sector in nature. This tool aims to achieve a final grade of sustainability and its dimensions in order to avoid risks and returns indicating progress or the practices of their clients. Existing data from questionnaires submitted to hundreds of clients over five years was used to draw the main results of this work. The article is descriptive and exploratory, addressing a theoretical discussion of concepts used for the development of the tool. The proposal also shows the methodology used and the results of a pre-test implementation conducted by a customer of the company. Finally, the article shows some strengths and weaknesses of the instrument and some aspects of implementation and development of the tool. Keywords: Sustainability, assessment, indicators, tool, map [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Mass Balance of Wood Cut to Manufacturing Sofa Grid With Retractable Seat LINS, P. S.; SILVA, C.; SOUSA, S.; RAPOSO, A. (IFAL/UFBA)
|
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the production efficiency of wood cut for manufacturing sofa grid with retractable seat through mass balance. On the sofa manufacturing process there are three steps, namely: structure and strap; upholstery; and coating / assembly. The study was conducted in the wood cutting process in step on the structure and strap on a company in the furniture industry of the State of Alagoas. The result showed 25.86% loss material; waste of one plank and a half every 6 tablets of 3 meters long acquired for the production and financial loss. Keywords: Mass balance, productive efficiency, wood cut, retractable sofa [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Matter study case: the present situation of recycle selective of sorocaba city and study for partners between zone factories to more cleaning production M. Carvalho; M. Lopes; G. Simões (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The organizations need the maximization of their profits and life time. The consciences that the factory is involved in big environment, in the biosphere, it is almost none, such as the moment, in any time, the changes cause though its activities, in biosphere, influenced in results. The most of parts of bibliography, materials logistics, will be treat with some perspective of supply efficiency and the collaborative relation with some factories of productive chain, so this subject was mapped exhaustively in the Supply Chain Management. Increasing the studies in the materials production area and power consumption, we enter in the universe of Cleaning Production. This task has been main goals analyze in Sorocaba environment that is state of recycle´s selective collective. The second goal is to start a macro exploratory study with some industries residues discard in the main productive chains for futures studies and give some solutions that take advantage for everyone. Involving the Executive, the factories and the organized society. The principal results prove in the big progress of recycling with City Hall supports, in the recycling cooperatives. For that some industries residues should be start serious study, because some residues could be reutilized how prime substance for others industries. So if you have in a detail studies could be contribute for improving the process and eco-design. Keywords: Management environmental, recycling, clearing production [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Meaningful work: a review of an organizational change towards health and well-being at work BELLA, R. L. F.; QUELHAS, O. L. G.; FERRAZ, F. T.; HECKSHER, S. D. (UFF - Brazil); ANHOLON, R. (UNICAMP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article aims to present a literary review of workplace spirituality as an approach for meaningful work. This topic has been discussed in regards to organizational changes by journals. As the authors discuss spirituality, it may be noted that this topic is about a tendency of the last generation of workers seeking more meaningful labor. However, job satisfaction cannot be measured only by financial returns and growth opportunities for recent workers. Old working objectives were replaced by new work objectives that could increase the experience of meaningful work. In this article the preview literature about workplace spirituality was reviewed with the objective of finding the main work attributes that support this new perspective for job satisfaction. A systematic literature review was done to identify the key work attributes and propose a job satisfaction diagnostic instrument in order to attend new jobs’ expectations. The diagnostic instrument was based on Kano’s Model, which maps the workers’ satisfaction level related to the work attributes. It is expected that the proposal of this instrument contribute to the organizational efforts of developing more health and well being in workplaces through job satisfaction. Keywords: meaningful work; organizational changes; health and well-being.
|
||
Mechanistic Study of the Fenton and Cupro-Fenton Reactions by Voltammetric Analysis in situ L. C. Friedrich (USP), C. L. P. S. Zanta (UFAL), A. Machuleck Jr (UFMS), F. H. Quina (USP)  |
Abstract: Although Fe(II) exhibits a high initial rate of degradation, the degradation is not complete due to he formation of compounds refractory to the hydroxyl radical. In the presence of Cu(II), the degradation is lower, but results in a greater reduction of TOC at the end of the reaction (t = 120min). The addition of Cu(II) ions classical Fenton reaction (Fe(II) plus H2O2 at pH 3) is found to accelerate the degradation of organic compounds. This synergic effect causes an approximately 15% additional reduction of the TOC. Voltammetric studies confirm the catalytic role of catechol in the presence of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I). Addition of aliphatic acids to the reaction medium, did not interfere with the cupro-Fenton reaction, but had an inhibitory effect on the classical Fenton reaction, consistent with the following order of interaction with the ion Fe(III): Oxalic Acid (OA) >> Formic Acid (FA) ~ Acetic acid (AA). Keywords: Phenol, ions Cupper and Fenton reaction [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Megacity Food-Energy-Water Pathway Analysis Based on a Systems Thinking Dynammic Circular Economy Calculator JINGYAN XUE; GENGYUAN LIU (BNU - China); CASAZZA, M. (Parthenope University of Naples - Italy)
|
Abstract: Circular economy is regarded as a policy for fulfilling the sustainable development which has been implemented for 9 years by the government in many cities of China. Chinese circular economy view insists to overcome the dilemma between the economic depression and energy shortage in the nationwide. However, a circular economy may have a different flavor in different megacities, depending on geographic, environmental, economic or social factors. Besides, few literatures contribute to checking the efficiency of current circular economy policies, especially in the aspect of regional wide, which will be practically helpful in guiding China’s future development. In this paper, we proposed an Urban Circular Economy Calculator based on a full Excel version emergy-based urban dynamic model, which is a feasible approach to help the policy-makers create circular economy pathway under different food-energy-water (FEW) policies. The scenario analysis approach has been used in this Urban Circular Economy Calculator to illustrate a greener economy under alternative assumptions of the FEW Circular Economy policy. What’s more, long-term simulation will be provided by the calculator to test the trajectories of Circular Economy policy effects under the assumptions of the associated levels. Taking Beijing city as a case, the impact of different circular economy policies can be observed by using real scientific data. This model can be applied to other cities as well in the light of their actual situation respectively. In that case, suggestions on regional management, which make sure our cities achieve friendly and sustainable development over a long period of time can be proposed for our government accordingly. Keywords: Emergy analysis, Urban dynamic model, Circular economy, Food-Energy-Water (FEW) policies, Scenario analysis |
||
Metal Removal in a Sewage Treatment System by Slow Filter A. S. Melo Júnior, S. Moreira, D. M. Roston, J. E. Paternianni (UNICAMP), P. J. G. Ferreira, M. Wagner (UNIP) |
Abstract: The survey aimed to measure the degree of heavy metal removal in a pilot wastewater treatment by slow sand filtration using the technique Synchrotron Radiation Total of X-Ray Reflection Fluorescence (SR-TXRF). The slow sand filtration is a relatively simple process where the removal of chemical residues in organic and biological materials occurs through the passage of sewage by means of textural differences. The filter consists of a filter with sand and gravel of different sizes in order of decreasing porosity. The use of slow sand filtration has great relevance to conservation of water resources. The pilot treatment system was installed in the experimental field of Agricultural Engineering College, UNICAMP, consisting of barrels (60 L) containing sand and gravel with different particle sizes. Samples were collected weekly for 16 weeks. The samples were collected in the influent and effluent system, detected the following chemicals: P, S, Cl, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn in almost all samples. The maximum concentration of Fe was 5,66 mg.L-1 input and 1,54 mg.L-1 in output, while for the Zn concentration was 1,68 mg.L-1 and 0,73 mg.L-1 input and output, respectively. For the element Cr values were 0,250 mg.L-1 in input while the output was 0,11 mg.L-1. For the K variations in input and output were 41,80 and 28,40 mg.L-1, respectively, showing an efficiency of 78,10% na the removal of this element. Thus it was concluded that the removal efficiency was high for most elements detected, which proved the feasibility of this technology for the removal of metals present in domestic sewage. Keywords: Slow sand filtration, metals, total reflection, environment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Method for Data Collection and Analysis of Environmental Performance Assessment Inmetal Mechanic Industries ANTUNES, C. V.; UGAYA, C. M. L. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The Metal Mechanic industry stands out for relevance in the economy and the broad scope, including metallurgy, manufacture of metal products and machinery manufacturing. In view of the inputs used and waste generated during industrial processes, there is an important cause of environmental impacts. A methodology to reduce environmental impacts in the production process is the Cleaner Production (CP). Therefore, it is necessary to identify what the root causes of these impacts. In this context, both the CP as well as the environmental standard ISO 14001, in item 4.3.1 titled Environmental Aspects, states that the organization should establish procedures to identify the environmental aspects of activities, products and services within the defined scope of the environmental management system. Moreover, both not recommend or determine a specific method geared to this purpose. Moreover, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a technique used to evaluate the environmental impact of products, depends on data of each process from extraction to product disposal and Frischknecht et al (2007) present a consistent collection data along this chain processes. Thus, in order to optimize data collection by organizations for environmental assessments, it is suggested that both the implementation of the CP as the ISO 14001, use the form of data collection in ACV. In this paper we present a case study in manufacturing products of the metalworking industry, demonstrating the viability of this proposal. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Life Cycle Assessment, Environment, Sustainability |
||
Methodological Inconsistencies from Greenhouse Gas Estimations in the Brazilian Electricity Matrix MEDEIROS, D. L. ; OLIVA, S. T.; KIPERSTOK, A (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Concern about climate change is moving actions in both directions: adaptation to possible disasters that may occur and mitigation of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions. In order to control such emissions is necessary to measures them accurately at first. The present study examined the concept of carbon footprint, emission GHG factors resulting from sector generation and distribution of electricity in the country available in the literature, the difference between scopes of analysis for the same product (electricity) and some practical implications. It was found that depending on the scope of analysis adopted the emission factor varied considerably, and within the same scope variations were also realized. Regarding the scope of approach, it was concluded that both are necessary: Scope 1 is indicated for the environment al management of businesses and Scope 3 for the preparation of environmental labeling of products. Moreover, there is a need for transparency with respect to the data source or the basis of calculation used in some cases and discrimination of the method adopted, if Scope 1, 2 or 3. Keywords: Greenhouse Gases, Carbon Footprint, Electricity, Scope, Life Cycle Assessment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Microorganisms Growth Rate Evaluation and Proposal of Model for Biomass Production of Haematococcus pluvialis R. M. Galvão, T. S. Santana, C. H. O. Fontes, E. A. Sales (UFBA) |
Abstract: The use of microalgae for production of biofuels has been pointed by many researchers as essential to reduce the emissions of gases that cause global warming. Microalgae cultivation can act in the process of CO2 sequestration and the biomass formed can be used to replace fossil fuels. Thus, the interest in optimization of the microalgae cultivation is not only in high added value products but also in the formation of biofuels. This paper presents a study the growth of microalga Haematococcus pluvialis considering light conditions equal to 10000 lux, temperature 298 ± 1 K and pH in the range 7-9. The formation of biomass was evaluated by an exponential model where the parameters were adjusted in order to describe the growth of the microalgae over time. Keywords: Biomass of microalge, growth rate, Haematococcus pluvialis, modeling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Mineralogical and Leaching Characteristics of Beneficiated Coals CIVEIRA, M. S.; RAMOS, C. G.; TAFFAREL, S. R.; OLIVERIA, M. L. S. (La Salle Universitary Center)
|
Abstract: Petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical studies have been carried out on beneficiated coal products from mines and preparation plants in the Santa Catarina Basin, southern Brazil, to investigate the range of characteristics exhibited by the materials and the potential impact of their stockpiling and storage on the environment. The coals contain varying proportions of vitrinite and inertinite macerals, and have vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 0.44 to 1.38%. With the exception of one material blended with peat from an external source, they have relatively high percentages of ash (30–58%) and mineral matter (36–66%). The mineral matter consists mainly of clay minerals (kaolinite, illite and illite/smectite), together with 15–25% quartz, up to 10% feldspar, up to 5% calcite and/or dolomite and up to 5% pyrite, and around 1% anatase and/or rutile. Most of the trace elements in most of the coals have higher concentrations than average values for world coals generally, probably due to the relatively high mineral matter content. A lower-ash product representing a blend of coal and peat has similar to lower concentrations of most elements, but higher concentrations of B, Ba, Be, Cd, Ge and Mn, which may be associated with the peat component. Interaction of relatively fresh coals with water in laboratory tests produces leachates with near-neutral to mildly acid pH values, but leaching of oxidized, jarositebearing coal produces a strongly acid leachate, with higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn. Leachates derived from coals in which the pyrite has been oxidized during storage would thus be expected to have a more adverse environmental impact than leachates derived from coals in which such oxidation has not had an opportunity to develop. Keywords: Coal petrology, Mineral matter, Trace elements, Leaching, Environmental impact
|
||
Minimization of Foundry Sand Generation Using Tools From the Cleaner Production Program C. B. Maciel (Tecnoambi); C. A. M. Moraes (UNISINOS); C. E. Teixeira (UCS); I. A. Schneider (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: The metal casting process generates several kinds of solid wastes, where the used foundry sand is the main one and most of it is generated during the check out of the solid metallic parts from the molds. The increase of the solid waste deposition costs, the creation of specific environmental legislation, and the low environmental performance of end of pipe technologies have brought efforts in the development of more effective solutions. The waste minimization means to change paradigms, because it constitutes a new concept of environmental management based on the principle of prevention of pollutant generation, and the reduction of the solid waste amounts being treated or disposed. Based on the cleaner production methodology tools, the present work evaluated the process of metal casting focusing in the minimization of the solid waste used sand generation from the Foundry Company Metalcorte Metalurgia Ltda, suggesting minimization opportunities for this waste. It was also considered some environmental, technical and economical aspects, which are important to choose the best opportunities to be implemented. The suggested opportunities have several levels of complexity. Some of them may be implemented immediately, while others require research development to become viable considering technical, economical and environmental aspects, depending on the type of opportunity, such as regeneration of used molding sand, reutilization processes, and the substitution of materials, which generate toxic gases. The implementation times are variable and an implementation chronogram can be elaborated, focusing those ones which can be implemented in a short and medium term. On the other hand, the long term alternatives need more profoundly studies. It must be emphasized that from the 19 opportunities studied in this research, 9 are low cost opportunities and can be easily implemented by the company in a short term. The foundry sand waste presents a good potentiality of minimization accordingly the extensive list of opportunities which were identified. At the same time, considering the complexity of metal casting processing and also the methodology developed by UNIDO-CNTL, the implementation of a cleaner production program in this kind of company needs investigation like the one presented here to stimulate the company managers for applying efforts to waste generation prevention, using effective and viable tools to search the sustainable development in this industrial sector. Keywords: Metal casting, used sand, minimization, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Minimization of Mass Flow in District Heating Network Equipped with One Stage Domestic Hot Water Production Substations ŻARSKI K. (University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz-Poland)
|
Abstract: The paper presents the possibilities of decreasing the mass flow in district heating system supplying district heating substations for residential buildings. In majority of district heating system in Western, Eastern and Central Europe the type of district heating substation with two stages of domestic hot water preparing is deeply rooted. The main aim of the paper is to show lack of arguments for grounds to use this technical solution in contemporary district heating networks. On the basis of computer simulation, the possibilities of decrease the mass flow and electrical energy consumption in heating (power) plant have been presented. Keywords: District heating system, domestic hot water, DHW priority, energy saving |
||
Mitigating actions for the Drug Industry in the Comarca de Londrina-PR, Brazil: Environmental Impact of Waste Dump in Water Bodies I. D. Zapparoli, M. R. G. da Camara, C. Beck (UEL) |
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse the consequences of disposing of pharmaceuticals in water bodies in the city of Londrina, in the light of the economic theory of the environment. The study focuses on the analysis on the impact of pharmaceutical industry production, in particular the Group antibiotics and hormones and its different forms of disposition in the environment. The research makes a cut for the processes used in sewage treatment plants (ETE), proposing measures that solve problem for some processes already tested for drugs. The results leads to the conclusion that the pharmaceutical industry has an important role in the process of problem minimize making use of environmental management system (EMS), evaluating control equipment and treatment system, elaborating programs dump of followup and monitoring of impacts, making use of waste treatment centre (CTR) and reverse logistics. The use of agricultural waste as bioadsorventes is efficient and economically viable alternative, minimizing environmental impacts. Keywords: Environmental impact, water bodies, pharmaceutical industry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Mitigation Evaluation Potential of Environmental Impacts Associated with Leds Recycling SANCHEZ JUNIOR, O. (IPT - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The growing demand for e-waste management studies has not found significant answers in the countries of South America, despite the increase in consumption of electrical and electronic equipment, in particular, for lighting services. This sector is responsible for the consumption of approximately 20% of the global electric energy and it is estimated that more than 15% of it already uses LED. It is evaluated that until 2030 the sector tends to be a great generator of electronic waste. It was studied the recycling routes of LED lighting products available to compare them with each other and with other destination processes, in order to identify potential opportunities to mitigate impacts associated with each one, in order to subsidize managers in their decisions. The LCA protocol was used to map the environmental impacts. We tried to use modeling with local databases, when available. The results point to significant differences in depression in the use of some materials (such as rare earths, germanium, gold and silver) and environmental impacts associated with the disposal of potentially toxic materials (such as arsenic, zinc, copper, nickel, lead, iron and silver). The results vary according to the route of separation and depending on the application niche of the product, since it involves different designs and use of different materials. It was concluded that the choice of route for recycling, compared to other destination processes, can mitigate environmental impacts, but can also generate design requirements for manufacturers of lighting products. These can make your products more environmentally sustainable. Keywords: LED recycling, impact mitigation potential, recycling route, recycling in lighting. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Mitigation of Barriers to Implement Cleaner Production in a Small Metallurgical Company OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; LEITE, R. R.; LUCATO, W.C.; SHIBAO, F. Y. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The Cleaner Production is an interesting approach to be applied in small and medium sized enterprises, providing viable alternatives for improvements in their manufacturing processes, generating both economic and environmental gains. It is a strategy that prevents environmental risks, allowing an increase in the efficiency of production processes, improving product quality and services. The aim of this study is to analyze if the opportunity to obtain economic performance with the adoption of Cleaner Production principles could motivate the managers of a small metallurgical company to deploy them. Specifically it aims to analyze the main barriers that affect the decision of implementing cleaner production and assess the possible economic and environmental advantages that this company could get. A case study using semi-structured interviews and analysis of data through environmental and economic evaluation was developed. For the environmental impact assessment it was applied the Mass IntensityFactor (MIF). The results showed that the economic, financial and technical barriers are the most striking ones. Furthermore, with the implementation of the Cleaner Production principles it was possible to reduce 83.8% of the losses in terms of water and oil consumption, resulting in cost savings of around 25%. This would make it possible toobtaineconomic gains for investment in machinery and equipment for reducing the environmental impact. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Barriers, Small and Medium Business, Economic and Environmental Advantage [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Mobile Computation to Contribute to Education and Sustainability Case Study - COSTA, P. M.; MONTEIRO, R. L. (UFMG)
|
Abstract: A research conducted in the School of Architecture of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), sought tools to assess the environment of your campus, in Pampulha. In this research a mobile app and a website were developed to enable users to make georeferenced reports about the quality of the space. In addition, the research also sought the formation of a focused awareness of environmental education of his members, and the opportunity to achieve advances in citizenship, co-responsibility and sense of belonging of these people. Keywords: Education, Ambiental, App, Citizenship [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
||
Model of analysis of Performance of Healthcare Waste (HW) Management by indicators, São Carlos-SP, Brazil K. S. Ventura; L. F. R. Reis (USP - São Carlos-SP); Angela M. M. Takayanagui (USP - Ribeirão Preto-SP)
|
Abstract: Healthcare Waste (HW) management in Brazil has been discussed since last years, mainly by RDC 306/2004 and Resolution Conama 358/2005, which laws require improvements in all stages of this management (segregation, internal collection and packaging, external transport and storage ), and give the responsibility of these wastes to theirs generators. The city of São Carlos produce, monthly, about 20 tonnes of HW and, approximately, 50% come from Santa Casa of São Carlos. The management of the realized procedures in this hospital was never evaluated until now considering performance improvement. Investigated methods pointed to some applications using performance indicators and these can be evaluated by Factorial Analyses (FA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A framework of interview was elaborated containing 29 qualitative observation variables, which questions were applied to 98 employers in this hospital. The obtained information were associated a different scales of response, according suggestions of Saaty. The SAS and Statistica programs were used to generate several simulations by FA, which results (performance indicators) were analyzed by experts. AHP method was used to compare the indicators to both groups (workers and experts). This paper illustrated the application of two different methods as analyze model to identify satisfactory performance indicators to evaluate HW management in the health establishment. Keywords: Performance indicators, healthcare waste, factorial analyses, AHP method, waste management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Modelling of a DR Shaft Operated with Pure Hydrogen Using a Physical-Chemical and CFD Approach A. R. Costa (Institut Jean Lamour - Nancy, France); D. Wagner (Arcelor Mittal - Metz, France); F. Patisson (Institut Jean Lamour - Nancy, France)
|
Abstract: In an effort to develop breakthrough technologies which enable drastic reduction in CO2 emissions from steel industry (ULCOS project), the reduction of iron ore by pure hydrogen in a Direct Reduction shaft furnace was investigated. After experimental and modelling studies, a 2D, axisymmetrical steady-state model called REDUCTOR was developed to simulate a countercurrent moving bed reactor in which hematite pellets are reduced by pure hydrogen. This model is based on the numerical solution, by finite volume method, of the governing equations, including continuity and local mass, energy and momentum balances of the gas and solid species. A single-pellet sub-model was included in the furnace model to simulate the successive reactions (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe) involved in the process, using the concept of additive reaction times. The different steps of mass transport and possible iron sintering at the grain scale were accounted for. The kinetic parameters were derived from reduction experiments carried out in a thermobalance furnace, at different conditions, using small Fe2O3 cubes shaped from industrial pellets. The results were extrapolated to full-size pellets taking into account the size and shape effects. Solid characterizations (SEM, X-Ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry, pycnometry and mercury porosimetry) were also carried out to further understand the microstrutural evolution. The current version of REDUCTOR is suited to the reduction with pure hydrogen, but an extension of the model to CO is planned so that it will also be adapted to the simulation and optimisation of the current DR processes. First results have shown that the use of hydrogen accelerates the reduction in comparison to CO reaction, making it possible to design a hydrogen-operated shaft reactor quite smaller than current MIDREX and HYL. Keywords: Direct reduction, hydrogen, shaft furnace, kinetics, mathematical model [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Modelling the Generation of Waste Electrical Household Appliances: Characterization of the Home Flow in the City of Campos-RJ PESSANHA, L. P. M.; MORALES, G. (UENF)
|
Abstract: The management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) or electronic waste (e-waste) has been a major concern for urban communities due to the large volumes of waste generated, from the end of the 20th century. In this context, this research seeks to collect important information for the implementation of an embracing and regular system of Reverse Logistics for WEEE in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. This information corresponds to an estimation of the potential of generating WEEE (such as, mobile phone, computers and tablets) in the city, characterizing the home flow and its peculiarities. Therefore, was proposed an estimation model based on the indicator of equipment present with the consumer The data required for this research were collected through the application of questionnaire to a representative and random sample in the city under study. It was observed that the results found support as decisions taken in the WEEE management system. It important to emphasize that this research was carried out under current sustainability considerations according to which Brazilian solid waste legislation is determined. The results are approximate as global estimates of the specific, researched electronic waste. Keywords: Electronic waste, Reverse logistics, Generation models [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Modification of the Sour Cassava Starch Production Process to Improve Organic Acids in the Wastewater V. Reginatto; D. Kurtz; M. J. A. Marcon; J. J. M. Xavier; V. M. Scussel; E. R. Amante (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Sour cassava starch is a very typical Brazilian product used as raw material in bakery products. It is produced by a natural submerse fermentation, with about 20 cm of superficial water, during a period of 45 – 60 days. However its manufacture produces the fermentation wastewater with high organic matter content which is normally discharge in the environment. The chemical composition of this wastewater is not very well known. However, many compounds present in this wastewater could be commercially interesting. In this way could be cited the organic acids formed during the fermentative process. Lactic, acetic and propionic acids have been used in many kinds of industrial activities, mainly in the food and veterinary industries. In the present work, 0.5 % (w/v) of glucose syrup and different concentration of nitrogen, as ammonium chloride, was added in the cassava starch fermentation water. It was observed the effect of such nutrient supplementation on the organic acids production and on the characteristics of the final product, the sour cassava starch. The concentrations of ammonium chloride tested in the fermentation water were: 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 % (w/v). The process was monitored during 45 days. In the fermentation water were periodically evaluated the pH, the acidity and the organic acids concentration (acetic, lactic and propionic) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was verified that the nutritional supplementation, promote an increase on the organic acid concentration, mainly on the propionic one. The better results were obtained by the addition of 0.1% (w/v) of ammonium chloride, increasing about 50% in the organic acids content. On this condition the sour cassava starch maintained its expansion property. This work reveals that the enriched sour cassava starch wastewater could be used as organic acids source. Keywords: Sour cassava starch, fermentation water, organic acids [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Molten Salt Oxidation – A Safe Process for Hazardous Organic Wastes Decomposition P. E. O. Lainetti (IPEN/CNEN)
|
Abstract: In the last decades, there were significant changes in the perception of the necessity of environmental preservation. The main actions that have been used to impede the migration of pollutants to the environment are: the inventory of the hazardous chemical compounds, their safety collection and their suitable treatment. One of the predominant concepts currently is that the wastes should be destroyed in some point of their cycle of use, specially the dangerous ones, in reason of the risk that they represent for human beings, animals and plants. The worldwide interest in the development of advanced decomposition technologies of wastes elapses, mainly, of the problems created by the denominated POPs - persistent organic pollutants. The thermal decomposition has been commercially used in the disposal of hazardous wastes, mainly the incineration, whose most important characteristic is the combustion with flame. However, the incineration technologies have failed to meet some performance criteria. An alternative to the incineration, for the treatment of a vast range of dangerous wastes or not, it is the thermal decomposition by means of the submerged oxidation in molten salt baths. The interest in the decomposition of hazardous wastes by advanced methods, as alternative to the incineration, and especially through the molten salt oxidation has elapsed mainly by the adoption of more restrictive air emissions legislations in several countries. Among several advantages, such as oxidative reactions that transform completely the components of the organic solvent in just CO2 and water, the process equipment can be built in small scale. Molten salt oxidation equipment has already been built at IPEN and different organic wastes have been tested. During the program the selection and the performance tests of the employed materials, the construction of components and auxiliary systems, their assembly and the operational tests have been carried out. Several decomposition tests of different organic wastes have been performed in laboratory equipment developed at IPEN, with excellent results (dichlorethane, dichlorodifluoromethane and toluene). The completeness of the oxidation reactions in the range of temperatures studied (900 to 1020°C) was evaluated by mass spectrometry of the gases released. This paper describes the main characteristics of the molten salt process, besides the conception, the construction, the development of equipment with this purpose in IPEN and its effectiveness. During the activities the main accomplished tasks were the selection and the performance tests of the employed materials, the construction of components and auxiliary systems, their assembly and the operational tests carried out. Keywords: Oxidation, molten, salts, hazardous, wastes
|
||
Monitoring the Environmental Sustainability of a Coffee Farm Y. Ogura; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The Cerrado, a savannah region, is Brazil’s second largest ecosystem after the Amazon rainforest and is also threatened with imminent destruction. A graphical tool was employed to assess the environmental performance of the production of coffee in a traditional farm in Cerrado region, Brazil. The graphical tool allies the properties of the equilateral triangle and the emergy concepts. The present study presents the environmental assessment performed in the farm located in Coromandel, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results indicate that Brazilian green coffee production is adequated to environment index evaluated by other academic studies, about agriculture. They also allow to analyze production’s data related to environment indicators, in which can be observed an optimized production range with fine environment performance. Keywords: Coffee production, environmental account, emergy, ternary diagram [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
More Demand for Resources with the Same Resources: Increased Vehicle Fleet in São Paulo M. S. Nogueira Neto (FEI), A. C. S. Nogueira (Mackenzie), J. B. Sacomano, J. L. A. de Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The economic growth of Brazil, observed in recent years has brought benefits in terms of people's lives. However, all growth requires planning for it to occur adding as many possible advantages to this process. Vehicle sales in Brazil have grown every year raising concerns about the infrastructure available to support it. This article, exploratory, says such growth with main focus on the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo warning of the increased emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. Keywords: Air pollution, motor vehicles, emission of pollutants [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
More Sustainable Production of Concrete: Replacement of Natural Sand for Brita Powder Concrete Simple Cooking SILVA, L. S., DEMETRIO, J. C. C., DEMETRIO, F. J. C. (UEMA)
|
Abstract: The work in this paper was to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of substitution of natural river sand by crushed powder in the mixture of conventional concrete, checking to reduce the environmental impact through the use of crushed stone powder, show the feasibility of using the crushed powder conventional concrete dosage and present a more sustainable concrete dosage environmentally. The crushed powder has the advantage, in addition to being more economical in the composition of services, also because of its use delete a waste of crushing process giving a meaningful way, to reduce the damage caused by the exploitation of sand in riverbeds. Keywords: Gravel, sustainable, concrete, sand, viability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Motivations Behind the EMAS Stagation and Enabling Measures to Stimulate new Registrations: Characterization of Public Administrations and Private-Owned Organizations MERLI, R.; LUCCHETTI, M. C.; PREZIOSI, M. (Roma Tre University - Italy); ARCESE, G. (University of Bari)
|
Abstract: The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is a voluntary Regulation that defines a management instrument developed by the European Commission for companies and other organisations to evaluate, report, and improve their environmental performance.Today the EMAS is undergoing a revision process, in order to fit organizations’ and stakeholders’ requirements and increase its diffusion. Italy accounts for roughly 1,000 of the 4,000 certified European organizations, and, especially during the last five years, a growing number of organizations have not renewed the certification. This context determined a stagnation in the number of EMAS registered organizations. Thus, the aim of the survey is to investigate why a growing number of Italian organizations have dropped out of EMAS, and to identify which enabling measures would be more effective in order to encourage organizations to move back to the certification. The target of the questionnaire were the 339 Italian organizations that did not renew their EMAS registration between 2010 and 2015, there were 99 respondents. In this paper, certified Public Administrations and private-owned organizations are compared in order to delineate significant differences between the two groups. Concerning motivations for not renewing EMAS, implementation costs were the key reasons for both groups. Conversely, considering the possible enabling measures, while private-owned organizations demand long term tax benefits, Public Administrations prefer a greater consideration of EMAS in public funding. This paper systematically addresses the phenomenon for the first time, contributing to reducing the existing gap in literature, and providing an input to decision-makers who are overseeing the EMAS revision process. Keywords: EMAS, Environmental Management Systems, ISO 14001, EMAS barriers, public Organizations |
||
Motivations for Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility: Bibliographic Mapping and Research Hypothesis Proposition PIETZSCH, N.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: The present study aimed to identify the main motivations for the adhesion to Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSER) and, subsequently, it aimed to propose research hypotheses to be validated in future studies. Methodologically, a bibliographical research was conducted through keyword searches in scientific databases. As to the results, initially the motivations mapped in the 54 articles analyzed were classified into internal (derived from the needs and beliefs that arise from within the company) and external motivations (derived from the influences exerted by external or the competitive environment, such as stakeholders). Afterward, the diverging nomenclatures for the same motivation were standardized, and the result originated a list of fifteen motivations: build employee trust; seek innovations through CSER; integrate CSER practices to quality management; improve process productivity and efficiency; increase the company’s economic performance; mitigate risks; reduce costs; develop corporate responsibility actions for the society and for the environment; prevent and control pollution and minimize waste generation; managers' personal values; to adequate the organization to stakeholder pressure; add value to the brand through brand differentiation (competitive advantage); seize market opportunities; comply with legislations and regulations; increase customer satisfaction; improve the company’s image; The research hypotheses about the distinct corporate motivations for CSER were developed considering three levels of analysis: (i) institutional; (ii) organizational; and (iii) individual levels. Keywords: Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility, Motivations, Organizations and sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Multicriteria Analysis Applied to Alternate Study of Environmental Control in Agro-Industrial Sector: Qualho Cheese Production OLIVEIRA, E. D.; ANTUNES, D. E.; MENDES, D.; DEMETRIO, J. C. C.; DEMETRIO, F. J. C. (UEMA) |
Abstract: This article is a case study that is being conducted in Agroindustrial production sector (Cheese Qualho production), located in Sao Luis - Maranhao. Adopting the tools of Analysis and Multicriteria Decision Support, which enabled the identification of the best alternative for environmental control, whose purpose is also the record for the production, marketing, economic viability of new product in Sao Luis, capital of Maranhão. The result found was satisfactory because the criteria showed that the serum of the problem from the qualho cheese, was resolved by promoting the best alternative, the production of yoghurt, avoiding whey disposal in groundwater and soil. Keywords: Multicriteria, cheese, environmental control, viability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Multi-Infra Curbs – New Model for Urban Infrastructure ASSAN, M. C. S. (LEVENOX); LOPES, E. F. B. (BRAVANIR)
|
Abstract: Active now for over 20 years in the civil construction market we have always been aware of an enormous material waste which has generated large amounts of debris. Focusing on this fact we searched for alternative uses for this residue and began to study ways in which to incorporate the debris as a recycled aggregate in the concrete used to fabricate curbs and gutters for street right-of-ways, in accordance with NBR 15116/2004 regulations. After we began to develop and analyze the utility of this new piece of urban equipment we realized the enormous potential of a novel way in which to use it. We are aware that curbs and gutters sit in parallel with all the utility networks necessary to supply our cities. It was along these lines that we developed a project for a curb able to double as a support for these distribution networks as presented below. We also became aware of the necessity for connections with the sewage system and concluded that these connections have to be adapted to the city’s new necessities in improving the use of our water supply as well as that of collecting and reusing rainwater and reusable sewage waters, the concepts of which we will present here. We are a private entity and as such always interested in the economic viability of our projects in order to attain to our objectives. To this end we have drafted a contract and cessation model for the distribution of these utilities, as well as processes for metering and charging for consumption, monitoring methods and distribution control, connectivity with consumer units and other innovations to be presented herein. Keeping in mind that a solution such as this depends on high investments as well as the political will to implement them we are unable to present any effective projection of results of implementation. We do however believe that what we propose below will be easily understood and its benefits easily comprehended. Keywords: Curb, precast, cogeneration, water, reuse, rainwater
|
||
Multi-Objective Optimization of a New Sustainable Methanol Plant with Cogenerated Energy ROCHA, L. B.; GIMENES, M. L.; FARIA, S. H. B.; SILVA, R. O. (UEM); ESTELLER, L. J. (Universitat Rovira i Virgilli - Spain)
|
Abstract: Contemplating the situation of biofuels, the objective of this work is to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of methanol synthesis using carbon dioxide captured as an output of fermentation process in bioethanol production distilleries, carrying out an integrated analysis of the overall system. Up to now, studies limited to evaluate the methanol production hydrogenating CO2 from fossil sources. Systems assessed in this perspective usually are not economically viable due to the high cost associated to obtain hydrogen. In this work, we designed a new sustainable methanol production process from a renewable source. Aiming to promote the advancement and applicability of carbon capture processes, an industrial methanol plant was modeled in Aspen Plus®. The hydrogen required was produced electrolyzing treated water of the distilleries, producing oxygen as a valuable byproduct. Design parameters were manipulated taking into account the associated capital costs and applying factorial design and sensitivity analysis techniques. The response surfaces were obtained according to the amount of bagasse used to cogenerate energy, which has a direct relation with the objective function, attempting to minimize the total annualized costs and the CO2 Net of the scenario. The results show that the problem of high-energy consumption for the production of hydrogen via electrolysis was bypassed using co-generated energy, being possible and viable to synthesize this process in distilleries able to emit more than 350,000 ton/year of CO2 with enough cogeneration plants installed. The gross profits obtained by this process are derived from the methanol and oxygen produced being significantly superior by a factor of 4.5 compared to sale of electricity and 8.0 for sale of pure hydrogen. The designed plant led us to conclude that this improved process can be implemented and is an innovative option for carbon mitigation, contributing to the sustainable production of methanol. Keywords: Ethanol distillery, Optimization, Methanol synthesis, Cogeneration; Hybrid models |
||
Multi-Objective Optimization of an Industrial Ethanol Distillation System Using Direct and Indirect Heating SILVA, R. O. (UEM); TORRES, C. M. (Universitat Rovira i Virgili - Spain); ROCHA. L. B.; LIMA, O. C. M. (UEM); COUTU, A.; BRUNET, R.; JIMÉNEZ, L. (Universitat Rovira i Virgili - Spain); JORGE, L. M. (UEM)
|
Abstract: In this work, the performance of an ethanol from sugarcane autonomous distillery simulated on AspenHysys is evaluated using an automated tool programmed on Matlab to assess the environmental and economic impacts associated. We compare the current plant operation (direct heating), located in the South of Brazil, with the use of indirect heating, analyzing vinasse discharge using trucks, as well as the effect of its application in the soil. Results show that the replacement of direct steam injection by reboiler decreases approximately 15% of the vinasse quantity, consequently, decreasing the associated problems generated. Moreover, as the modifications do not change flegma and ethanol flowrates, the revamping might be done without further operational changes. The environmental evaluation presents positive results, showing that the distillery may decrease the eighteen environmental impacts categories assessed. From an economic perspective, the plant could also have higher net profits with the use of reboiler than direct steam injection to heat the distillation column. Finally, the new improved system is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem and it is solved by using the weighted sum method for the Pareto frontier technique to find the best compromise, to be as interesting economically as ecologically. Keywords: Simulation, Sugarcane vinasse, Economic evaluation, Environmental assessment, Multi-objective optimization |
||
Municipal Competency and the Environmental Licensing: the Complementary Law n. 140/2011 and the Forestry Resources RIBAS, L. C.; PROSDOCINI, R. M. (UNESP); BRAUER, A. L. (FSP)
|
Abstract: Environmental licensing is the administrative systematics related to the“natural resources utilization by activities and businesses permission". The regulatory power of this kind of competency (a large quantity of normative instruments like Resolutions for example), considering specially the forestry resources, is delegated to the Union, States and Municipalities. This type of competency is also called “material, administrative or executive competency under the environmental aspects point of view”. Therefore and on submission to the command of the single paragraph, article 23, of the Brazilian Constitution is that the Complementary Law n. 140 was created in December, 08, 2011. This law gives the mechanisms of the Union, States and Municipalities cooperation about the exercise of the administrative actions from the usual competency exercise related to the” natural landscape protection, environmental protection, control of all kinds of pollution and forestry, animal and vegetal preservation”. The goal of this work is the study of the Complementary Law n. 140/2011 vis-à- vis the specific municipality comptency for the forestry resources protection. For this purpose this work intends to use, about the methodological aspects, the Deductive Method (from the general to the specific). So, this work intends a global observation of the Complementary Law n. 140/2011 and the investigation process of the Municipal Public Power competency (mainly of the forestry resources utilization perspective). This work also intends to use the speculative, comparative and logical methods in order to help this investigation. The technical instruments and the material were produced with data researches, professional and historic experiences, literature and other kinds of sources and the conceptual categories use. The main conclusion of this research is that the Complementary Law n. 140/2011 allows to the Municipalities the environmental questions management in their own territories. However, the municipal environmental licensing, in relation to the forestry resource specially, still needs of the Environmental State Council hearing or permission. Keywords: Environmental license, Complementary Law n.140/2011, Environmental Legislation, Municipal competency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Municipal Urban Parks of São Paulo: Environmental Accountability of eMergy M. V. Mariano, C. M. V. B. Almeida, A. P. Z. Santos (UNIP)
|
Abstract: São Paulo city has been investing on the deployment of green areas to improve people life quality. In this regard, the Secretary of the Green and the Environment of São Paulo has increased vegetation coverage through a program of afforestation and creation of new urban parks. The establishment of linear parks along the courses of rivers and streams also takes part of this guideline. This article uses the environmental accountability on emergy for the evaluation of two parks on the east zone of São Paulo: the Linear Park Tiquatira and the Park Vila Silvia. The energy flow and materials in maintenance and use on each one of these parks are accounted. The total energy of Linear Park Tiquatira é 1,52x1017seJ/m², being 57% related to renewable natural resources and 43% from the economy. The total emergy of urban park Vila Silvia is 1,68x1016seJ/m², being 9% of renewable natural resources and 91% from the economy. Keywords: Emergy, environmental accountability, environmental sustentability, parks [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
National Police on Solid Waste as a Cleaner Production and Sustainability Strategies Inductor MIGLIANO, J. E. B. (FEI)
|
Abstract: The National Police on Solid Waste (NPSW) approved
on August 2010 by local federal authorities, introduced a
new regulatory mile stone for treatment of urban solid waste and consumable goods after its use, throughout the
implementation of urban garbage selective collection and reverse logistics practices, respectively. As a matter of
fact, a sustainable agenda is part of the Brazilian
citizenship since 1981, with the publication of the National Police
on Environment and later on, in 1988, by the insertion within the country Constitution the well known
concept of
Sustainability, as defined by the Brundtland Report
and stated in the 96th
United Nations General Assembly.
After more than 20 years spent on discussion at the
National Congress, the NPSW represent a modern, complex
and challenging piece of socio-environmental public
police and of administrative ordination, comprehending
instruments of command and control a side of market
and economic mechanisms for treatment and destination of
residues and final rejections proper disposition in
landfill. The NPSW covers definitions, principles,
objectives and
plans for the solid waste correct disposition and corresponding responsibilities for all parts involved, such as: government, industry, commerce, importers, service
providers and consumers. Enforces the concept of shared
responsibility on products end of life and introduces the reverse logistic (RL) mechanism for several
goods, aiming,
at the same time, for social inclusion of rubbish picking workers cooperatives, subject to act as partners in the LR
processes.
A six steps priority scale for product design and its end of use destination was defined on its article 9th
covering:
non generation of residues or its
reduction
during manufacturing processes, product and parts
reuse
extending its
respective life cycles,
recycling
and residues
treatment
for material and energy recovery and, finally, the
correct
final disposition
of rejects in the landfill, but only after fulfill
ing all known recycling technical and economical
feasible alternatives. The first two steps are preventive measures competing, complementing and promoting
similar objectives as stated in the Cleaner Production (CP) compromises and of Sustainability as well.
The
intermediate measures: reuse, residues treatment and recycling, as mitigation actions, complement and
close the
processes of materials, substances and energy reclamation, before final rejects environment correct disposition.
Therefore, the NPSW contemplates, contributes and induces the accomplishment of several aspects of the
CP
compromises. However, as a formal and official regulation imposed by authorities, instead of a leadership initiative as placed by the CP, the NPSW could create within the market actors a tendency for observation of its
minimum
requirements and obligations. The NPSW introduces the CP practices within product design and manufacturing, aside of other relevant attributes such as promotion
of awareness, education, training and integration
alongside the
logistics chains under surveillance of the Brazilian society, considering a pioneering mechanism of protection-receiver for the environment aspects, possible more
effective than the well known pollution payer principle.
Finally, as a relatively new regulation, several challenging opportunities for research were open by the NPSW in
the fields of Cleaner Production and Sustainability
. Keywords: Sustainability. Cleaner Production. National Police on Solid Waste. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Natural Capital Inclusion in Company's Financial Reports: A Discussion on its Accounting Rules and Practical Adoption AMARAL, P. L.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In the last decades the problem of scarcity of natural resources common to society, also known as "the tragedy of commons", has promoted heated discussions about a sustainable future. In this sense, the call for preserving the stocks of natural capital, which provide the necessary natural resources to the production systems, has been recognized. A potential alternative for this could be the inclusion of natural capital into the companies' financial statements. However, established accounting rules on what can be accounted and where, are to be respected and followed. This work aims to promote a discussion on the possibilities for the quantification and insertion of natural capital items into the accounting statements of companies. Specifically, water and electricity companies holding concession contracts are considered as a case study, to bring about a critical discussion. The challenges involved in the adoption of the IFRS international accounting standards are presented and discussed, considering the legal possibilities of including natural capital in accounting. It is observed that even with international regulating organs recognizing the importance of accounting for natural capital in a quest to better handle and preserve it so it can feed production systems, wider and deeper studies and discussions, and certain precautions before allowing their inclusion are in need. Advances and possibilities can be observed, however, the complex and standardized accounting system should be the aim of urgent actions in the sense of allowing for the inclusion of natural capital into accounting statements. Keywords: Natural capital, Environmental accounting, Emergy, IFRS, Concession Agreements, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
New paint without the use of Coal Tar C. Solera; C. Gnecco; D. L. S. Brunelli (Sherwin-Willians)
|
Abstract: Due to the Sherwin-Williams concern about the environmental impact and reduction of the
hazards in all the supply chain, Sherwin-Williams has developed low toxicity coatings, EPOXY
TAR FREE. This painting was developed and introduced in the market with the intention of
substitution of EPOXY TAR BASE coatings, which exhibit high inherent toxicity, due to the PITCH,
the main raw material of these types of paints.
This work has as objective, to demonstrate through comparative tests among TAR base
coatings, traditionally used versus the new product TAR Free, some laboratory tests and Keywords: Tar Free, epoxy coatings, clean production [Abstract] [Organizational Report] |
||
New Technologies in the Tertiary Treatment of Industrial Water F. H. Harada, F. P. Capeloza, L. M. Scarpelini (Siemens Water Technologies – Brazil)
|
Abstract: The dissolved salts removal for process water because a very usual requisite in actual times. Ultrapure water for the most diverse applications, such as high pressure boilers, medication, beverage and microelectronics, the salt removal become a fundamental item with water quality and treatment efficiencies each time more strict. With the objective to comply with the fast-growing demand for more strict characteristics of process Waters, new Technologies are being developed, allying higher efficiencies to lower operation costs. In this context, through the application of the Cleaner Production Tools, it was elaborated a change analysis considering a technology increase in the tertiary treatment of industrial water for dissolved salts removal comparing íon Exchange resins versus reverse osmosis followed by one of the latest treatment Technologies, the electrodeionization. For such analysis, it was evaluated the capital and operational costs of each treatment process (considering the same work conditions) targeting the optimization of the treatment process. Through these costs calculated by volume of water treated, it is possible to conclude clear advantages of the reverse osmosis and electrodeionization units. Keywords: Cleaner Production, eletrodeionization, ion exchange, demineralization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
New Weld Fume Chamber Design to Assess HAP Emissions Potential and Promote Cleaner Production B. Kura; J. Jackens; J. Keay (University of New Orleans)
|
Abstract: Metal welding is an important production process in many industry sectors including automotive, aerospace, oil and gas exploration/refining/transportation, heavy manufacturing, and maritime. Though welding emissions are insignificant based on a mass basis within the maritime industry, their contribution to the overall risk to human health and the environment is significant because of the high toxicity associated with heavy metals emitted. These heavy metals include Cr, Cr+6, Mn, Ni, Pb and others which may pose carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects to exposed workers and the public. United States regulatory agencies including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), have recently increased pressure on the industrial sector to reduce their annual emissions of these heavy metals. This recent concern from the regulatory commumity has led to increased research efforts to better quantify the actual amount of these metals emitted, and to develop a better understanding of their potential to cause adverse effects to public health and the environment. Welding emission characteristics and quantities depend on a number of factors such as electrode and base metal composition, welding method, shielding gas characteristics and power supply characteristics. When considering the various combinations of these factors, thousands of welding scenarios are expected in the field, each of which presents a unique emissions scenario. Emission factors for the numerous welding scenarios are not available, and will require an extensive amount of research to develop and document. However, these emission factors are essential for several purposes including facility permitting, risk assessment, compliance demonstration, and to achieve cleaner production. This paper documents the unique challenges faced by the authors to design and fabricate a weld fume chamber capable of captuing 100 % of weld fumes on filter media suitable for heavy metals analysis. The weld fume chamber had to meet the requirements of regulatory agencies, data quality objectives, approved analytical methods, and filter efficiency. Design parameters such as chamber size, blower capacity, experimental speed, filter size and type, and fume loading, along with their inter-relationships will be discussed. This paper provides valuable insight into welding emission evaluation methodology, which should be useful across many sectors. Keywords: Welding emissions, heavy metals, health risks, fume chamber design, emission factors |
||
Nickel Sulfate Quality Assessment Obtained from Waste Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil P. D. Finato; L. F. S. Rossi; F. J. Bassetti; P. R. C. Neto (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is to evaluate the quality of the nickel sulfate obtained from a recovering process of nickel sulfate from wastes of hydrogenation of vegetable oils. In the sulfate, were quantified Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni, using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). After that the nickel sulfate was submitted to purification process using active carbon. It was observed that the metals Cu and Cr presented concentrations below the allowed limit to the commercial nickel sulfate, whereas the Zn and Pb concentrations were above that limit. The Pb was removed by complexacion with EDTA followed by adsorption in active carbon, and the Zn didn’t show removal with the employed methodologies. The Ni quantification in the sulfate using AAS showed better results in 352,4 nm. The effluent in the process was analyzed and treated with active carbon, being removed 98,6 % of the Ni concentrations existing in it. Keywords: Nickel sulfate, waste recovery, active carbon [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Nonwoven Slipper: a Sustainable Alternative BEZERRA, R. N. (SENAI/USP); ARAÚJO, M. C. (SENAI/USP); RANGEL, P. F. A. (USP); ROSA, J. M. (USP/UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: It was studied the possibility of obtaining a nonwoven slipper made from scraps of clothing coming from the Bom Retiro neighborhood. The product was approved by a population of volunteers, who proposed to use the product and then answer a questionnaire with closed questions. The score for the product was 217, out of 250 points, with 86.8% approval. Keywords: Nonwoven, patchwork, slippers modeling |
||
Obstacles for Brazil’s Consolidation in Cleaner and Renewable Energy Production G. A. Santini; L. B. Pinto (UNESP - Tupã-SP)
|
Abstract: The discussions concerning the use of natural resources (the ways they are explored and their possibility of being lack) have intensified. Considering it from a historical view, several meetings have been conducted worldwide and were important to consolidate the notions related to Sustainable Development and Cleaner Production. In the first case (Sustainable Development), the concept was affirmed in the 1970s and 1980s, with the concern that the present development would not jeopardize the future generations development. Also to complement this idea, the Cleaner Production notion starts to rise in the following decades trying to improve the country’s efficiency in productive aspects, mainly in the use of raw material, water and energy, aiming the generation of economic and environmental benefits in the production process. From this context emerges the growing need for countries to produce technologies which would bring (not only) the economic benefits of production (which was the main concern then), but the social and environmental aspects as well, showing the concern with sustainable development of future social structures. In Brazil, especially, the alignment with this new development paradigm has been applied in energy production. The sugar / alcohol sector, by producing and processing the sugar cane, contributes to the clean and sustainable production of technologies: ethanol (as fuel) and the energy from biomass – using the sugar cane bagasse. The advantages of the use of ethanol compared to other energy use (fossil and from other vegetable crops) are mainly economic and environmental ones, besides providing a greater energy balance. Another favorable aspect in using the sugar cane bagasse to produce energy is the fact that Brazil has great natural richness, topography and favorable physical features to agriculture, which would reduce the exploration of scarce hydric and fossil resources. However, it is necessary to underline the obstacles that make the sustainable production difficult. Thus, this article aims to discuss the problems, which are found inside and outside the country and which makes the country consolidation difficult as an important world producer of clean energy, as well as the strengthening of these productive activities. As for the ethanol, there are some politic-economic, environmental and social problems that must be solved, like the protectionist measures established by importers; the effective reduction of polluting gases by adopting more efficient productive processes; working conditions and wages for the sugar cane activity. As for producing electricity from sugar cane, there are some legal obstacles related to the regulation of the sector. Thus, some efforts are necessary to make this consolidation possible, by adopting public policies that ensure the investments made so far, considering the local and global markets; better organization management; the definition of areas used in sugar cane exploration, etc. Surely, sugar cane activity is a promising business, though promoting a sector development by damaging the development of others, might be a mistake. Keywords: Sustentability, renewable, sugar cane, ethanol, energy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Obtaining and Evaluation of Synthesis Gases from Biomass Gasification using Finite Element Analysis FABREGAS, J.; FONTALVO, C.E. (Universidad Autónoma del Caribe - Colombia); VALENCIA, G.E.; OBREGON, L.G. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); CARDENAS, Y.D. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Given the need to implement non-conventional sources for the generation of energy, it is necessary to characterize the natural or residual agro-industrial resources that can be used for the conversion of energy. In this work, a study is carried out to obtain the synthesis gas produced in a bioreactor using the gasification of biomass, such as pinewood, rice husk, coconut husk and palm shell, to analyze its potential as synthesis gas. This gas is obtained using a finite element software for the parameterization of the relevant models for the calculation of its production by biomass gasification through its final composition and the chemical analysis obtained from studies carried out on the physicochemical properties of biomass. As a result, the CO and H2 production components are obtained for each biomass sample, evaluated at 1020K. These results are similar to those obtained by experimental designs, showing that using computational techniques a good approximation is received from the analysis of residual material for use as fuel. Keywords: Synthesis gases, Biomass Gasification, finite element.
|
||
Oeco-Nomics in the Light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle. The N-Good and Three Factor Problem C. Giannantoni (ENEA-Italy) |
Abstract: Fundamental Principles in Economics and, in particular, in Neo-Classical Economics (NCE), such as Walras General Equilibrium, Pareto Optimality, etc., are the result of a direct transposition to economic activities of the Principles of Classical Mechanics (CM) and, even more, of Classical Thermodynamics (CT). Consequently NCE Principles suffer from the same defects as CT Principles, when the latter are analyzed in the light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle (MOP). In fact Utility-Expenditure Conservation Principle (corresponding to Energy Conservation) does not hold when reconsidered in terms of Incipient Differential Calculus (IDC), a mathematical language which is much more appropriate to describe Generative Systems. This also means that neither does Walras General Equilibrium represent a “stable” equilibrium condition nor does Pareto Optimality represent a “maximum” condition, precisely because the latter presupposes the former. In reality traditional Economics, in all its different Schools of Thought, does not recognize that Emerging Property, usually termed as Quality (with a capital Q), which vice versa is clearly pointed out by the Maximum Em-Power Principle or, in more adherent formal terms, by its generalized version represented by the Maximum Ordinality Principle. Quality in fact represents that fundamental aspect which is ever-present in any physical-biological-social Process, never ever reducible to mere phenomenological processes or to our traditional mental categories. As a consequence of the same subjacent presuppositions, NCE is not even able to solve the “Three good, two factor Problem” which, on the other hand, is very similar to the more famous “Three body Problem” in Classical Mechanics. So, by starting from the solution to the latter problem, this paper will focus on a different concept of “Economics” (thus here renamed as “Oeco-Nomics”) which, being based on the Maximum Ordinality Principle, is consequently able to lead us to a general solution to the “N good, three factor Problem”. A solution which evidently includes the solution to the “Three good, three factor Problem” and, as a particular case, the solution to the “Three good, two factor Problem” too. These results then suggest that traditional economic maximization criteria (usually corresponding to Pareto Optimality) should preferably be replaced by the Maximum Ordinality Principle. The latter in fact enables the Decision Maker to recognize those optimal working conditions which realize the Maximum Ordinality level of the System and, at the same time, to evaluate the corresponding optimum economic conditions (Investments, Benefits, Incentives, etc.) as a consequential adherent reflex. As a term of comparison, two well-known approaches will also be reconsidered: i) Kummel’s KLE and KLEC Models; ii) and Odum’s Emergy Synthesis. The proposed approach allows us to conclude that: Production becomes cleaner when Processes become Generative and, at the same time, they are also characterized by a progressive Ascendant Ordinality. In other words, when Decision Making progressively tends to realize, in actual fact, the Maximum Ordinality conditions. Keywords: Economic Complex Systems, Walras General Equilibrium, Energetics and Classical Thermodynamics, Maximum Ordinality Principle, Incipient Differential Calculus (IDC)
|
||
On the Implementation of a Circular Economy: Role of Institutional Capacity Building CEGLIA, D. (UFCE/UFRGS); ABREU, M. C. S. (UFCE); EVANS, S. (University of Cambridge - UK)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the role of institutional capacity building in the development of a circular economy. The study was conducted using open-end interviews with firms and other actors about the industrial symbiosis in the United Kingdom in the light of the particular conditions of the National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) experience. A content analysis methodology was applied to the interviews results. Our survey indicates that limited institutional capacity building imposed real constraints of a circular economy. The phase-out of industrial symbiosis in the UK has raised several concerns that should be taken into account. Our results demonstrate that knowledge and relational resources and mobilization capacities were weakly developed. Increasing knowledge and relational resources enable companies to increase mobilization capacity. The design of circular economy should include critical importance of these institutional capacities which positively influenced its adoption as a long-term waste and resource availability solution among companies. Keywords: Industrial Symbiosis, Circular Economy, Industrial Ecology, Solid Waste Management, Institutional Capacity |
||
Opportunities for Implementation of Just In Time (JIT) on Reverse Logistics Of E-Waste: Green Factory Case Study JAKUBOWICZ, D.; SOUZA, R. G. (UFF)
|
Abstract: This article shows a Case Study in Green Factories. The Green Factory Project, of Computer Recycling, of the Secretary of State for the Environment (SEA) of the State Rio de Janeiro aims to develop initiatives to encourage social inclusion in poor communities allowing young adults to develop professionally, creating jobs green and thus generating alternative income for local. The Green Factory was established in 2011 in the "Complexo do Alemão". It was conducted a field research to obtain data of input and output of E-waste. Interviews were too conducted with owners of cooperatives. The SEA Project stimulates the reverse logistics, which became mandatory with the approval of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). In the supply chain, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the logistics process, should improve the quality of demand forecasting. An accuracy forecasting is a constant challenge for organizations, because is possible to obtain efficient operations and high levels of customer service, while inaccurate forecasts inevitably, leads to inefficient and costly operations. Demand forecast needs in any segment allows managers to plan their actions. Both the philosophies Just in Time and Reverse Logistics are concerned about the environment. The customer-supplier relationship is explored in this paper because there are stakeholders involved. A bibliometricsurvey of Scopus Base, only 7 papers were presented using the strings "Just in Time" and "Reverse Logistics". This shows that the theme is new and challenger. Keywords: Just-in-time, Reverse Logistic, Lean Manufacturing, E-waste, Green Factory [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Opportunity for Continuous Implementation of Cleaner Production with New Paradigm for Sustainable Engineering L. C. da Silva (AMAR-RJ) |
Abstract: Since the advent and wide-ranging discussion about sustainability, several concrete examples of initiatives in order to conduct environmental issues in engineering as, for example, Cleaner Production – CP, can be found in the literature. This article provides a theoretical/conceptual framework from the literature review on two themes, aiming to identify and establish an interrelation of the concepts, principles and practices of CP and the new paradigm of Sustainable Engineering, aiming to build sustainability. Keywords: CP, sustainable engineering, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Optimal Planning of Drinking Water Production GARCÍA-CÁCERES, R. G. (UPTC - Colombia); CASTAÑEDA-GALVIS, M.T.; SUÁREZ-FAJARDO, J.F. (UPB - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The water system is one of the most important issues for life and the planetary ecosystem, which is widely recognized by society and synthesized as one of the current research problems of the United Nations. One of the problems involved with this system is related to the treatment of water in treatment plants in a context of sustainable development. This article focuses on the problematic of the raw water treatment system for purification, through a mathematical programming model and a solution procedure for the optimal planning of the treatment system in its different steps and in a two objectives context. The linear model considers two objectives, the first maximizes profits and the second minimizes emissions of pollutants. As restrictions are considered: mass balances, production capacities of the different stages of water production in their different conditions, supply of water, demand and the permissible technical levels of pollutants, which are proposed in a generic manner, independent of the technologies and productive alternatives. The model by its nature allows to solve almost any instance of the problem in excellent CPU times. Keywords: Optimal planning, production and treatment of drinking water, linear programming. |
||
Optimization Model for the sizing of renewable energy solutions for non-interconnected areas - Case Study in Chocó, Colombia J. VITERI, F.; HENAO (Universidad Icesi - Colombia); I. DYNER (Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano - Colombia); S. CÓRDOBA (Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó - Colombia); J. CHERNI (Imperial College London - UK)
|
Abstract: Access to electricity is essential for the economic growth and welfare of every population. Despite this, 15% of the world population does not have access to electricity. In Colombia, 52% of the national territory, where around 2 million people live (5% of the population), is considered non-interconnectable due to its remoteness or difficult access from the main population centers (non-interconnectable zone). The communities that live in noninterconnectable zone are characterized by being extremely poor and have a precarious supplying of electricity needs. This is generally through fossil fuels, which offer a contaminating, intermittent, unreliable and high-cost service for these communities. Currently, renewable energies offer an opportunity for the development of this type of population, because they allow the electricity generation at low cost and in the places of consumption (what is known as distributed generation). The objective of this research is to develop a tool for energy solutions planning for communities in noninterconnectable zones in order to achieve optimal solutions and evaluate different configurations of electricity generation systems for a community, suggesting both its size and the mix of energy more appropriate to supply the demand with the lowest possible cost. The proposed model allows to consider different mixtures of technologies (renewable, fossils and batteries), the randomness of the climatic variables that are indispensable for renewable energies, such as solar radiation, wind speed and water inputs, and the costs involved. To test the model, a case study is presented in an isolated community called Playa Potes, located in Bahía Solano, in the department of Chocó, Colombia. The results of the model suggest that the installation of a solar photovoltaic plant of 26 kW, accompanied by a battery bank, would be sufficient to meet the energy needs of the population 24 hours a day and under uncertain climatic conditions, taking into account the cost. Keywords: Linear Programming, Rural electrification, Renewable Energies, non-interconnected areas. |
||
Optimization of Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption in Automobilistic Industry WIEMES, L. (UFPR/FAMEC); PAWLOWSKY, U. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: Industrial processes are considered as major consumers of inputs (either in the form of electricity and natural gas). From this perspective, and taking into consideration the preconization of ABNT NBR ISO 14001 (2004), which determines the development of study and development of action for improving the industrial process in order to minimize the consumption of inputs, this paper aims to developing action which allows to improve the operation of heating equipment (primer oven curing) in the manufacturing process of automobilistic painting. The work is also based in concepts established by applying the technique of CP (Cleaner Production) which according to FIESP (2008), consists of a comprehensive and integrated assessment in relation to environmental problems, promoting direct action on the manufacture process . This article will focus attention on systematically applied to improve the process of heating the greenhouse and the actions set out to develop a process with better performance. Besides developing action that features the company's concern with environmental issues and attitudes of cleaner production is intended to achieve a 10% reduction in consumption of equipment in fluid analysis, starting from the average consumption in the period 2009 which was 0.16 MWh / vehicle and 12.13 m3 gas / vehicle during the period from July to November of the same year. The importance of this work also concerns the performance of a conventional fabrication process that allows the application of concepts and practices in everyday life. Thus, it is possible to develop activities with environmental protection in the determinations and make environmentally friendly processes, generating less waste of materials and reducing consumption of electricity and natural gas equipment for analysis. Keywords: Electricity, Natural Gas, Process Painting, Energy Efficiency |
||
Optimization of Integrated Clean Production of Pyrogas, Biogas, Methanol, Bioelectricity, Fertilizer and Feed from Agro Wastes with Reduced Emission P. V. Pannirselvam, M. M. Cansian, M. Cardoso, A. H. F. Costa, R. F. Guimarães (UFRN), R. S. Kempegowda (NTNU-Norway)
|
Abstract: Brazil is the leader known for its ethanol biofuel development, but also for biomass charcoal, yet lacks in clean rural biofuel and bioenergy production. This paper deals with the system design based on zero emission for sustainable projects developments based on the the alternative bioenergy production from biomass wastes using innovative process equipments design and the process optimization. The main objective is towards development of sustainable small scale not only clean energy production as well as with co-production of hot and cold thermal energies from bio wastes. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution. For this problem, an integrated industrial ecological system using the clean Small Bioenergy-Systems (SBS) based on the Zero waste concept was studied by the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the wastes. The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows. The SBS approach has many benefits and potentials. The system design is meant for small-scale energy production using hybrid bio-fuel and internal combustion (IC) engine from wastes: It was developed using process analysis (synthesis, modeling, and design) of two stage anaerobic bio process and its integration. SuperPro Designer Process simulation software was used to make synthesis and evaluate these options and performs mass material balance. Case study was made with the anaerobic process in several stages and recycle of reactor output are found to be very use full and increases the biomass load and also the productivity when used with staged baffled and up flow reactor to produce biofertilizer, bio-hydrogen, bio-methane ,charcoal, ethanol and bio electrical energy with recycle of water ,CO2 and microbial biomass, which are integrated to internal Combustion engine for combined heat and power (CHP). Existing biogas technologies has potential for practical application combined with hydro pyrolysis to make methanol via low temperature methanol production, but if biohydrogen systems are to become competitive, they need more detailed integrated two stage biohydrogen and methane bio reactor to enhance the efficacy of biofuel utilization for energy needs. The results obtained from several preliminary project developments of clean SBS are reported for integrated system developments for fuel and food using process and cost simulation models. These models render the process development and optimization problem with ecological economic potential objectives to be resolved very rapidly and make it possible make successful project design with the reduction of CO2 emission , water consumption and solid residues, sustainable bioelectric CHP with value added co-products. Keywords: Clean technology, carbon reduction, biomass, syngas, biogas, biohydrogen, biomethanol |
||
Optimization of Packaging Raw Materials in Ceramic Refractory Manufacturing Process SILVA, L. D. (UFPR); WIEMES, L. (UFPR/FAMEC); MERCÊ, A. L. R.; PAWLOSWKY, U. (UFPR)
|
Abstract: In the manufacturing of refractory ceramic there are many variables that contribute to the problems in
the final
product. Some of them can be easily identified. Others, however, require a more comprehensive evaluation and
use of specific tools of quality management system
to help to identify the real causes of the problem
and therefore
their elimination in the shortest time. Considering
the process itself, the final products presented problems of
density variation, fact of material compaction (with expansion deformation of the parts), burn facility in the dryer,
weakness, increased water amount and more time-consuming drying parts. These problems caused losses in
both,
production and financial departments, in addition a
considerable energy heat waste, the reprocessing need and
eventually waste generation that required final disposal of such materials. Some analysis was performed in the
production process so that it was possible to identify the largest possible number of causes that contributed to the
emergence of the listed problems. This paper intends, through the application of quality tools (brainstorming and
cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram), to identify failures modes of the process so that they
will be
corrected by implementing actions plan to occur without problems recurrence, making the plant more economic in
financial terms as well as more environmentally responsible, generating less waste. Keywords: Refractorie Ceramic; Sawdust, Silo, Waste Generation. |
||
Optimization Methane Production through Anaerobic Codigestion of Swine Waste CAILLOT, V, A.; SOUZA, J.; SILVA, C. B.; SECCO, C.; FRANCISCO, A. C. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Continuous primary energy consumption has motivated the scientists of the world to search for renewable energy sources that could substitute fossil fuels. Anaerobic co-digestion has been cited in the literature as effective way to treat waste from swine breeding and to produce biogas for the generation of energy, but for efficiency in methane production it is important to choose the best co-substrate and a mixing ratio more efficient. The objective of this study was to investigate in the literature the substrates that have been used, the amount of methane generated and the difficulties and advantages associated with the process. The results demonstrated superior yield of methane production with the anaerobic co-digestion with respect to DA of the animal manure alone. Proving that the choice of complementary substrate generates the equilibrium of several parameters of the cosubstrate mixture: macro and micronutrients, C:N ratio, pH, toxic compounds generated higher biogas production and greater plant viability. Keywords: Anaerobic codigestion, swine waste, biogas [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Organic Alternatives for the Achievement of Cleaner Strawberry Production in Pamplona Norte de Santander CASTELLANOS, L. (Unipamplona - Colombia); CÉSPEDES, N. E. (Granja Agrobiológica Sol Vida, ASPAGRO - Colombia); MÉNDEZ, A. C.; BALDOVINO, A.; MAHECHA, J. G.; CARRILLO, O. S. (Unipamplona - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The strawberry crop is the third in importance in Pamplona, Norte de Santander. The plantations receive indiscriminate applications of fertilizers and chemical pesticides. The objective of the study was to evaluate organic control alternatives for foliar and soil diseases, slugs, and to replace the lack of phosphorus with a view to achieving cleaner strawberry production. Four trials were developed in strawberry fields, one for the control of diseases of the aerial part, the second for the control of diseases of the roots, the third for the phosphoric nutrition and the fourth for the control of slugs. In the first three, different bioproducts produced locally with efficient microorganisms were evaluated and in the last one the diatomaceous earth. The Caldo Rizósfera and ME bioproducts showed similar results to the Dithane protective fungicide against Ramularia spot, the anthracnose on leaves, flowers and fruits, Botrytis rot and bacterial spot, while Caldo Rizósfera, ME and M6 were similar to the fungicide Benomil and Sodium Phosphite for the control of root diseases caused by Fusaium spp. and Phytophthora fragarie. Caldo Rizósfera and M6 decreased the incidence and severity of phosphorus deficiency and favored a higher concentration of phosphorus in the leaves. Diatomaceous earth demonstrated efficacy for the control of slugs with two applications, doses between 4 and 8 kg/ha Keywords: Pesticides, fertilizers, environment.
|
||
Organic Food Consumers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia S. D. P. Trevizan (UESC); A. D. Casemiro (UESB)
|
Abstract: Knowledge of consumers about organic food, their willingness for organic food consumption and criteria they use to buy it are analyzed. A sample of 207 people were interviewed, between 17 and 79 years old, going to do purchase at two largest super-marked in the city of Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. This research confirms that women are more influential than men on food purchasing, therefore, on organic food consumption too. However, our findings diverge from other researches that show concentration of organic food consumption among more mature people, specifically around the 40s. Our findings also show that relationship between schooling and income with organic food consumption is much more complex than previous research have shown. No association between participation on any environmental movement and consumption of organic food was registered here. Data confirms other findings showing that, in Brazil, most consumers read labels of merchandises, before purchasing. Once again, data show that consumers associate organic food with health and feeding security, in the first place; environment and other aspects come after. Finally, findings show that, in terms of organic food consumption, consumers pay attention professionals of the area, such as nutritionists, in the first place, followed by physicians, professors and environmentalists. Keywords: Organic food, consumers' knowledge, consumption willingness, decision criteria, sustainable community [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Organic Food: Challenges for a Public Domain of a Concept A. D. Casemiro (UESB); S. D. P. Trevizan (UESC)
|
Abstract: In order to be sustainable, any productive process should follow economic, social and environmental demands. Regarding to environmental demand, the focus of this paper, organic food production represents a clean production model that needs to be supported by consumers in order to become viable. Consumers` knowledge in respect to organics products is an unquestionable factor in the process of buying decision taking. This paper aims consumers` perception analysis of organic food and associations they do with such kind of food, how information reaches real and potential consumers, which communication channels enter for mind perception making. Field research data were collected by questionnaire application to 204 consumers doing shopping at two most important supermarkets of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Findings show that consumers know objectively defining what organic food is. They get information through mass media communication, such as TV, but there is a growing access to other information channels like magazines, schools, friends, internet and others. They associate organic food consumption, first of all, to health and, secondly, to environmental preservation. But a series of aspects, defined by law, which characterize organic products, are still unknown by consumers of those products. Keywords: Organic products, clean production, knowledge, consumers, communication means [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Organizational Experience Report at Butzke Industry M. Otte (FURB)
|
Abstract: This report refers to cleaner production (CP) interventions on the industry Butzke that produces certified wood furniture. The company needed to decrease their products cost and make the process more sustainable. During CP intervention, another problem come up: due to a reduction on the American dolar (USD) per Brazilian Reais (BRZ) ratio, the sales had reduced considerably on the furnishing market, and that was the key point to do more efficient upgrades that could reduce costs at the same time raising sales. The problems identified focused in two fronts: design and production. The main enhancements proceeded on the production line were layout remolding and residual exhaustion. Along were studied the destination of all residues produced by the company like, sandpapers, tows, sawdust and firewood. After the intervention 100% of these residues started to be sold generating extra profits. Regarding the design, new product lines were designed to utilize the bigger wood retails and the old models gone through a re-design process that, besides making them more contemporaneous, contributed to the best usage of the raw material with smaller wood gauges and the use of retails on your drawings. These changes resulted in a 76% reduction on the retails generated on the furniture production and a decrease in 93% of the retails quantity stored. Enhancement procedures on the production have decreased the costs and aggregate value to the products, making it more competitive and sustainable. Aiming to inform and guarantee higher efficiency of the process, the company started to invest on environmental education for their workers. It’s important to say that all interventions were operationally simple and had a relatively low cost. The intervention may serve as reference to this important productive sector in Brazil encompassing currently about 14,400 companies that generates about 227,600 direct jobs. This report relates an example of how the enhancements can be simple and low-cost but efficient, resulting in profits to the company and benefits to the community and environment. Keywords: Design, sustainability, cleaner production [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
P - R |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
P+WATER: A Model for Selecting Sustainable Opportunities of Industrial Wastewater Reuse from Process Integration Approach MIRRE, R. C.; YOKOYAMA, L.; PESSOA, F. L. P. (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: The current trend of rising costs related to consumption, water treatment and wastewater disposal has encouraged the development of methodologies aimed at industrial water reuse. Techniques and procedures from integration of chemical processes applied to the reduction of water consumption and the generation of industrial wastewater have been extensively studied in recent years. One such tool is called Water Sources Diagram (WSD), an algorithmic procedure that uses heuristics rules and searches the best connections between sources and sinks of water within the industrial processes. It allows the synthesis of the mass exchange networks with maximum water reuse, including regeneration and recycling of wastewater in the process. The WSD method may be applied as part of a program for implementation of Cleaner Production. This work presents a procedure aimed at the selection of promising alternatives for reuse obtained by applying the WSD method, in a systematic and efficient way. Furthermore, this procedure is part of a proposed industrial management model called P+WATER, applied to the sustainable management of water resources in production processes, and based on the tripod CP / WSD / Valuation of negative environmental impacts. A case study using data obtained from literature review for a typical oil refinery was carried out. Based on descriptive statistics and criteria of cost and relocation of streams, the water networks were then evaluated by a selection mechanism. In this case, it was possible to identify two scenarios considered promising, starting from an initial set of seven opportunities generated after application of WSD. The results indicated that the procedure can be useful as a preliminary assessment of sustainable opportunities for wastewater reuse. This review is important for the next steps of the model P+WATER and facilitates the search for more practical results in order to study the feasibility of problems that involve many complex scenarios. Keywords: Industrial water management; Water/wastewater reuse; Decision making; Process Integration [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Parameters for evaluation of Contaminated Areas: Analysis of Federal Regulations in Brazil and Colombia and Relevance of Air Quality Monitoring BEZERRA, R. P. L.; SILVA, R. C. P.; JUCÁ, J.F.T. (UFPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The management of Urban Solid Waste remains a great challenge for developing countries due to political, economic and cultural aspects. In the present work, the environmental laws of Brazil and Colombia are assessed regarding the management of contaminated sites and the aspects addressed in them will be compared, focusing on the parameters used for diagnosis, evaluation and monitoring of these areas. Three case studies of biogas monitoring in contaminated areas are presented with aiming to emphasize the relevance and the impact caused in the surroundings of these sites due to old solid waste deposits, since the decomposition of the organic matter present in them generates gases (biogas) that in certain concentrations may pose a risk to human health. Finally, it is recommended that regulatory frameworks in both countries focus not only on soil and groundwater quality control, but also on the control and monitoring of air quality within the scope of actions on contaminated areas management. Keywords: Management of contaminated sites Environmental Regulations. Risk. Biogas. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Participatory Governance and Decision-Making: Oil and Gas in the Santos (Brazil) Coastal Region E. S. Monteiro, I. P. A. Campos, E. P. Guerreiro (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The worldwide growth experienced by the industrial and services' business endeavors, in recent decades, is correlated to major events that drive whole nations to pursue strategies of local, integrated and sustainable development, built upon structural and conjunctural change, stemming from human factors or from natural causes beyond mankind's influence, and falls within the scope of innovative models of productive arrangements and supply-chain, as is the case of networked corporative governance strategies for oil and gas. The present study aims to identify and analyse the local and regional impacts on Santos City, Brazil, resulting from the introduction of oil and gas production (originating in the surrounding presalt stratum). The current state of a system for gauging the current-stage, and following the evolution, of the participatory governance decision process controlling the production of oil and gas in Santos is presented herein. Keywords: Governance, participation, decision-making, indicators, oil, gas [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas: Educational initiatives towards a Sustainable Transition ASHTON, W. S.; HURTADO MARTIN, M.; KHALILI, N. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); PANERO, M. (New York Institute of Technology, USA)
|
Abstract: The Pathways to Cleaner Production in the Americas project is a multinational effort aimed at facilitating the transition to sustainable industrial development in the region. The project incorporates multidisciplinary education in business, engineering, and environment as a collective response to the need for awareness of sustainability, technical competencies and innovative skills in industry across the Americas. Overall, this alliance helps generate a modern workforce to implement cleaner production practices, while also directly benefiting micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) participating in the activities. Faculty members collaborate with industry professionals in their respective countries to lead their students in conducting energy, process and material audits, developing strategies for improving financial and environmental performance, and helping companies to implement these strategies. In addition, the universities host workshops for industry participants to learn about best practices developed through the project. In this report, we describe the project and the results obtained thus far, including faculty capacity building, student training and work with MSMEs in seven countries from Latin America and the Caribbean. We discuss the challenges, successes and lessons learned achieving the goals of the project. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Multidisciplinary education, Higher education, Sustainable Industrial Development [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Spanish]
|
||
Performance Analysis of High Efficiency Thickeners to Supensions of Leachate M. R. T. Halasz, F. P. Puget, E. F. Mai (FAACZ)
|
Abstract: Leachate is a dark liquid generated by the degradation of waste, potentially polluting. Usually contains high concentrations of suspended solids, heavy metals and organic compounds. Characterize the flakes from a process of coagulation-flocculation of slurry is essential for calculations in thickeners, as well as identifying the optimum operation conditions, such as type of coagulant, concentration and pH. In this study, after determining the optimal conditions of flocculation were determined the diameter of the flake, the density of the floc, density of the supernatant and porosity of the flake using the method of Bailey and Ollis (1986), as well as some parameters obtained from batch sedimentation tests as average speed of sedimentation, and speed of Stokes using the equation of Richardson and Zaki modified . Using this results the flocs can be modeled using techniques proposed by França et al. (1999) and the results are validated by experiments. Keywords: Leachate, floculation, sedimentation |
||
Performance Assessment of a UASB Reactor of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant B. I. Silveira; M. S. Penafort; C. D. L. Alves (UFPA)
|
Abstract: Wastewaters of beverage industries are rich in carbohydrates, easily biodegradable, and with low suspended solids content. A UASB reactor, characterized by flocculated, compact and decantable granules of methanogenic sludge, has high degradation rate, and is adequate to treat effluents with these characteristics. This work was developed with the main objective of evaluating a UASB reactor performance used as part of an industrial wastewater treatment plant of a beverage industry of medium size. The reactor was monitored by a period of sixty nine days, being evaluated the physiochemical properties of the influent and effluent and the results were expressed as the efficiency of the reactor in the COD removal. The results showed that COD in the inlet of the reactor varied between 700 and 2450 mg/L, with an average value of 1520 mg/L and in the exit varied between 12 and 115 mg/L, with an average value of 66 mg/L. The oscillations in the inlet were due to the changes of the organic load of the influent and in the exit, it was a function of the reactor efficiency. The pH was evaluated in five point of the reactor content and the averages of these values varied from 6.4 to 6.9, within the range that the methanogenic bacterias have good performance, between 6.0 and 8.0. The temperature within the reactor varied from 28 ºC to 31 ºC, with an average value equal to 30.4 ºC. These data evidenced that the UASB reactor operated in the mesophlic range, between 25 and 40 ºC, and close to the range that is observed the best results of the COD removal efficiency, from 28 ºC to 34 ºC. The values of the COD removal efficiency varied from 90.8 to 98.9%, with an average value of 95.5%. From these results, it can be concluded that the pH and temperature stability of the reactor content was decisive in the maintenance of the high efficiency in the COD removal of the system and that the UASB reactor performance during the monitored period was highly satisfactory in terms of sustainability of an anaerobic treatment system. Keywords: Wastewater, efficiency, UASB, COD, anaerobic treatment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Performance Evaluation of Corporate Sustainability in an Industry of Plastic Film L. R. P. Kurtz, M. Borchardt (UNISINOS) |
Abstract: The aim of this study is to qualitatively analyze the performance in terms of corporate sustainability in economic, social and environmental prospects. The research method is an exploratory case study, performed in a company producing plastic films, that looks for identifying the level of importance and availability of application the applied practices related to sustainability. Among the analyzed variables showed that the studied organization adopts practices associated with research and development of new products with customers and market, analyzing trends for its products when it comes to economic perspective. It already has a social perspective, such as the company’s relationship with employees, internal development these are items to be considered. About the environmental perspectives, the approach follows the basic models of management in the control and the disposal of waste. This despite being another relevant contribution to analysis, the life cycle of products is still if infancy. Keywords: Corporate sustainability, sustainable development, system management, stakeholders, organization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Performance Factors for the design of Sustainable Logistic Platforms C. C. Carvalho. J. C. F. Lima, O. F. Lima, E. W. Rutkowski (UNESP) |
Abstract: The growth and development of large cities indicate a significant increase in economic activities, the flow of goods distributed and the consequent loss logistical, environmental and social issues. It is in this context that arise logistics platforms, transport infrastructures able to improve this scenario. This paper proposes guidelines for the design of logistics platforms based on identification of performance factors of technicians, environmental and social. The methodology used was a multiple case study, having as a theoretical model that combines the three visions of sustainability, triple bottom line. Factors were identified logistical, environmental and social issues for the design of this type, but it is worth noting that both the social and environmental factors are still lacking in this type of enterprise. Keywords: Logistics platforms, sustainability, performance, triple bottom line [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Performance in Operations Systems: The Contribution of the Sustainable Manufacturing in a Printing Company O. F. M. da Silva, V. Cavenaghi, G. C. S. Barros (UNESP) |
Abstract: In the last decades of the 20th century, changes in patterns of competition, ways of organizing work and production in line with the pressures of a growing population, economic development and resource shortages were observed. The search for sustainable models which are applicable to several productive activities became a reality in the 21st century leading external and internal changes in organizations, specifically in manufacturing ones, which can be change factors for the sustainability performance measurement. The Sustainable Manufacturing and the measures of sustainability performance, supported by tools such as the GRI Sustainability Report, have emerged as alternatives to serve these new demands and they are gradually modifying the current models of performance measurement systems. Therefore, this article aims to present a proposal to introduce a program of sustainable manufacturing in the production system and demonstrates its contributions to the performance measurement system of a printing company. We performed a literature review, data collection and documentary research describing the main elements of sustainability management and performance management. The researchers conducted a case study, identifying the steps in the implementation of the sustainable manufacturing, performance indicators and considerable results in the use of resources such as consumption reduction of electrical energy and water. Keywords: Sustainable manufacturing, indicators, performance measurement [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Performance of a Bioreactor Using Organic Compound and Pall Ring Media for the Treatment of BTEX Vapors SIQUEIRA, L. C. G. (CETESB); DE ASSUNÇÃO, J. V. (USP)
|
Abstract: In this study a laboratory-scale biotrickling filter was operated to investigate the performance on treating BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-m-p xylenes) vapours in a waste gas stream. In the experiment, a column containing a mixture of compost and Pall rings, and the consortium of microorganisms presents in the compost were tested to biodegrade the vapours of BTEX. Results showed that removal efficiencies were between 86.6 and 93.4% in the phase log (exponential growing) of the consortium microorganisms in the compost after a period of 2-3 weeks for acclimatization for an inlet concentration in the range of 70 to 250 ppm. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) achieved was 29 g/m3-h for a critical loading concentration (CL) of 46 g/m3-h for an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 2.4 min. The conclusion was that it is valid technology for the treatment of BTEX with the potential of meeting environmental requirements, and its application in Brazil is important as an alternative to more impactful and costly technologies Keywords: Biological air treatment, air toxic pollutants control, air emissions control in bioreactors, atmospheric emissions, air pollution |
||
Performance of Operations Sustainables of Process of Public Procurement LINDNER, A. P.; BORTOLUZZI, S. C. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is a theme that has gained wide prominence in the last decades, given the scarcity of natural resources, environmental degradation, and it is important and necessary to include environmental and social aspects in contracting, given the purchasing power of governments. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate the performance of the sustainable operations of the hiring process at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Pato Branco. The study can be characterized as descriptive, and a case study was carried out. After the bibliographic review of the literature, an analysis was made of the tenders made by Câmpus in the years 2015 and 2016, available at the Shopping Portal of the Federal Government, in the pregão (electronic form), invitation and price Identify the materials, categories and amounts spent on the acquisition of materials and products with sustainable characteristics. Being materials: office, cleaning, electrical, graphic, air conditioners, and final waste disposal and engineering services. In 2015, the percentage of sustainable contracting was approximately 1% and in 2016 1.81% in the acquisitions, in the bidding modalities analyzed, and the sustainable public contracting carried out by Campus is still incipient. It was also possible to conclude that recycled A4 paper was purchased for a higher value in the years 2015 and 2016 when compared to white A4 paper but that the difference was minimal. Following this, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the head of the Purchasing Division to verify the barriers to sustainable public procurement, being: the legislation itself, the price, the quality of the products and, depending on the category of products, there is still no significant quantitative Suppliers to ensure broad competition. So it is possible to conclude that it is necessary to the UTFPR – Câmpus Pato Branco, to carry out a planning for sustainable acquisitions and to encourage the requesters to acquire environmentally friendly materials and products, since the legislation is difficult to make changes because it depends on the government. Keywords: Public procurement, performance, sustainable and operations [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Perspectives of the Treatment of Swines Manures Using Bio Digestion in Carbon Market F. M. R. Marques (BSP-Business School - SP); V. Parente; C. C. Silva (USP)
|
Abstract: The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects foreseen in the Kyoto Protocol constitutes an interesting way of protecting the environment of the planet and at the same time promoting the sustainable economic development in emerging economic countries. Among the possible CDM projects, the treatment of swine manures using bio digestion is seen as an opportunity for Brazil to participate actively in the carbon market. Brazil is now the third largest country world producer of pigs with a squad of 36 million animals. The present study aims to show that the treatment of swine manure using bio digestion, besides minimizing the environment impact, may contribute to eliminate the emission to the atmosphere of around 19 millions of tons of equivalent carbon dioxide per year, generating around US$ 78 annual millions in carbon credits for Brazil. Keywords: Pig farming, carbon market, greenhouse, bio digestion, Clean Development Mechanism. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Performance of the Triple Bottom Line on Brazilian Industrial Production NEVES, F. O.; SALGADO, E. G. (UNIFAL)
|
Abstract: Researchers emphasize that companies need to integrate the concept of sustainability into their strategies through the practice of organizational culture. This leads to the convergence of the domains of the relationship between production and sustainability through strategic management. this way, this concept of industrial sustainability is a crucial factor for the development of industrial volume. Therefore, the present paper aimed to study which factors of the triple bottom line (3BL) are influencing in the process of Brazilian industrial sustainability, represented by its industrial production. For this, the influence of sixteen factors was evaluated: economic, environmental and social sustainability and Brazilian industrial production through the adjustment of multiple regression models. Carbon dioxide (CO2), Workforce (FT) and Human Development Index (HDI) were the factors that influenced industrial production in Brazil. There was no adjustment of any economic sustainability factor related to the industrial production. The conclusions of this paper may be useful for industry as a research tool in different aspects of Brazilian industrial production. Keywords: Triple Botton Line, Industrial production, Regression model [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Physical Arrangement (layout) and Cleaner Production (CP): A Theoretical Discussion LINS, P. S. (IFAL/UFBA); CÉSAR, S. F. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: The design of the physical arrangement (layout) for the small business can reduce waste during processing, reduce the distances in the production and increase business productivity. These three practices can be matched with the principles of cleaner production (CP) to minimize waste. This study is a theoretical discussion about methods of physical arrangement planning and cleaner production (CP) and your integration possibilities to improve the quality of small business production. The main result is an overview of existing research on the two issues. Keywords: Sustainability, Cleaner Production (CP), physical arrangement (layout), integration methods, small business |
||
Physical Indicators for Conducting Environmental Impact Study in Oceanic Cruises CAVALCANTI, N. S.; PAZ, Y. M.; EL-DEIR, S. G. (Gampe-UFRPE)
|
Abstract: An Environmental Impact Study is a required procedure for obtaining environmental permits for projects and activities that use natural resources. This study aimed to establish the basic rules for the implementation and development of an Environmental Impact Study in Oceanic Cruises regarding physical indicators. The methodology applied in the preparation of the work was structured in stages Since this is a theoretical study were used only secondary data. The approach to the subject was made looking up information in books, dissertations, periodicals, specific legislation, etc.. Subsequently dialogues were held with experts in order to obtain specific knowledge to further deepening of the study, as well as interviews with officials from the Port of Recife to obtain information regarding the operational aspects of the port and the cruise. From all the information gathered was defined indicators relating to physical aspects related to environmental quality, as well as the qualitative and quantitative description of those who have supported the development of two specific tables, they were the impact matrix and worksheet weighted Tommasi (1994). Finally, we prepared a matrix multifactorial qualitative for serve as a basis on assessment of the potential impact on a spreadsheet and a weighted quantitative profile, based on the precepts of the spreadsheet and qualitative identification of factors impacting greatest potential and from these measures were outlined mitigating, minimizing and offsetting. Keywords: Ocean Cruises, Environmental Impact, Environmental Impact Assessment
|
||
Physical-chemical characterization of residues from plum (Prunus salicina) orchards R. Podestá; M. A. Vieira; C. M. Pagliosa (UFSC); K. N. Simas (UNIP); M. Maraschine (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Thinning fruits are considered as a residue from plum fruit orchards. Until the crop the culture goes by several common processes in the horticulture, belonging one to them the practice of the thinning that is characterized by the retreat of the fruits still green, 45 days after the to budding totaling in 80 to 90% of the fruits of the plant, could represent 5 thousand tons of residue approximately for harvest, these are discarded in idle areas of the property without defined use. Valorization from this residue, on clean technology concept, needs a profound knowledge of its chemical composition. The aim of this work was characterize the chemical-physical property of the thinning fruits (Prunus salicina cv. Harry Pickstone), to study its possible application as minerals, organic acids and natural antioxidants sources. Mineral composition of this residue shown the manganese as the principal element, of the sequence: Mn > Na > K > Zn > Fe > Cu > Mg > Ca. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic assay detected: gallic, caffeic, protocatechuic, syringic, p-coumaric, vanilic and chlorogenic acids on phenolic fraction. Result suggests the use of this thinning fruits as potential raw material of antioxidant compounds. Keywords: Orchards, waste, physical-chemical characterization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Planned Obsolence and Sustainability SATYRO, W. C.; SACOMANO, J. B.; CONTADOR, J. C.; CARDOSO, A.; SILVA, E. P. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Substantial increase in interest about environmental issues has occurred in the last decades with academy, industry, government, leaders and general society more concerned about sustainability. Although much research has been done on ways to provide better conditions of environment and cleaner production, little attention has been paid to the impact of the short life cycle of the current products in sustainability and also to the necessity of providing natural resources to supply goods to a human population with a growth rate never seen before. Using literature review and secondary data, the objective of this paper is to study the necessity of changing the paradigm of planned obsolescence to the one of long-lasting products and to present some suggestions on how to keep them updated under so many changes and innovation to which the products are subject in the present days. The originality and practical implications of this research is to arouse interest that global developing based on a consumption society is no longer sustainable, and a new and less consumerist society should replace the current one. Keywords: Sustainability, life cycle, obsolescence, consumerism, innovation |
||
Planning and Production Control in Enterprises Incorporated in the Network Environment: Implications for the Occurrence of a Development with a Sustainable Basis S. L. Kyrillos (IFSP), J. B. Sacomano (UNIP), J. B. de Souza (IFES), F. J. S. Milreu (USCS) |
Abstract: According the requirements of the global market it is clear that the economic growth models, based on the exploitation of nature, show clear signs of exhaustion. So is necessary a new vision of manufacturing strategy, linked to the Planning and Production Control with the objective of achieving both competitiveness and productivity to achieve goals and accomplish goals. The Brazilian business units, in accordance of the new demands imposed by the global market, are under pressure from domestic regulatory authorities, international organizations, social agencies and others organisms. Is necessary that the business units will use appropriate technologies to manufacturing. So increase awareness and employee training and print a professional management to business based on sustainable manufacturing is fundamental. If this occurs, Brazil may be one of most important countries in the business competitive global scenario. Thus, consider the business strategies in conjunction with the production strategies and management tools, under the aegis of development with sustainable basis it becomes important, since the production costs are very sensitive in function the current environment, highly competitive. Keywords: Business networks, planning and production control, sustainable development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Plasma Processes as a Cleaner Alternative for Cleaning, Corrosion Resistance, and Functionalization of Metallic Surfaces T. García; E. Nascimento; E. Bittencourt (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The development of clean and efficient high vacuum technologies to replace traditional methods for metallic or polymeric surfaces treatments to clean, deposit thin films, and functionalize surfaces, constitutes a very important area of research. The increasing concern regarding the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies consists in an important objective in the modern world. In this context, cold plasma technology represents an efficient alternative, which has been object of increasing attention. In this work we evaluate the effect of plasma treatments on the removal of oil from aluminum surfaces. Furthermore, processes of deposition, and fine film activation, were studied on the surface previously cleaned. After a first plasma application to clean the oil contaminated aluminum surface, a thin film of HMDSO was deposited to achieve corrosion protection, and finally the deposited film was functionalized to obtain a surface with a higher energy , to favor adhesion to different polymers. The evaluation of the cleanness efficiency was conducted by means of the contact angle, and XPS. The nature of deposited and functionalized film was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), angle of contact, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. A very significant reduction in the carbon content of the surfaces, was abserced . An increase in the surface energy of 95,48 mN/m was obtained . Cleaning, corrosion protection and functionalization utilizing high vacuum technology can completely substitute wet processes associated with undesirable high environmental impact. In the presentation other works developed by the research groups will be discussed Keywords: Plasma, cleaning, surface modification, hexamethyldisiloxane |
||
| Political Economy of Sustainability: Payments for Ecosystem Services (PSA) on the Upper Stretches of Rio Tibagi, Paraná, Brazil I. D. Zapparoli, F. V. D. Zapparoli, S. S. da Silva, L. S. Reichel (UEL)
|
Abstract: Water is the public domain and a resource indispensable to life. Therefore, the implementation of public policies aimed at the proper use of this natural resource, is a challenge coupled with economic growth. This work aims to verify of payment for environmental services (PSA) as a means of protection of surface wellheads in stretches of River Tibagi. The hypothesis initially was that this mechanism could contribute in building alternatives covering the conservation of water resources. This paper used descriptive research as a methodology. The delimitation of the study marched in the municipalities of River Tibagi in especially in area of Londrina e Ortigueira, located in the State of Paraná. Through the study was not possible to conclude that the adoption of this economic incentive in the country is recent and emerges as a complementary alternative to the current mechanisms of Command-Control (CC). Experiments show that this may be the correct path, but is a fundamental debate in the communities involved within the River Tibagi. This study has not exhausted the subject and suggests how to search other instruments continuity of financial compensation for the preservation of hydrology. Keywords: Payment for ecosystem services (PSA), River Tibagi Basin, Londrina, Ortigueira |
||
Pollution Prevention in an Auto Assembly Plant in Hermosillo, Mexico J. Esquer; N. Elenes; A. Zavala (UNISON, Mexico)
|
Abstract: The automotive industry is one of the main contributors to different types of pollutants. For instance, waste from plastics, aluminum, cooper, rags, sandpapers, solvents and paints can be generated. In particular, automotive painting processes generates, among other issues, VOC emissions as paint solvents. Automotive painting and coating products are formulated by using resins, pigments, volatile organic solvents, and chemical additives. Unfortunately, the automotive coatings process ranks at the top of the emission volume hierarchy. For this reason, knowing the pollution sources and their characteristics in this sector is important for a proper prevention. Several initiatives have been developed worldwide to promote occupational health and safety, and environmental protection through regulations, code of practices, and guidelines for prevention. The purpose of this paper is to show relevant results about a case study conducted into a painting process within an automotive assembly facility in a northern city of Mexico, Hermosillo. This study includes a pollution prevention analysis for such process, based in the US EPA guide to pollution prevention. In addition, a literary analysis on preventive practices at regional and global levels on the subject has been conducted. The analysis within the painting process focuses mainly in the “Primer” phase which consists of several steps starting with the sanding area and finishing in the manual zone area where paint is applied in areas where robots did not apply it. Some of the wastes from this process are remaining of sandpaper, contaminated rags, and paint and solvent residuals. Particularly, the later represents a critical issue for environmental and occupational health. As a result, one of the main conclusions of the study is that the lack of control of the process is one of the main sources for solvent wastes. This can be improved by controlling application parameters and process variables. Keywords: Automotive industry, pollution prevention, painting process |
||
Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Brazilian Auto Refinishing Industry ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico); VELÁZQUEZ, L. (UNISON-Mexico/Lowell University-USA); GIANNETTI, B. (UNIP); Y MONTES, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: This industry has been studied in developed countries. However, the results of a study in Mexico showed that the industry can move towards more sustainable operating styles, also in developing countries. This paper shows the information obtained in 14 auto body shops in the city of Sao Paulo, which allows to evaluating the opportunity to implement cleaner production techniques and Pollution Prevention through a program that runs on the cleaner production approach and pollution prevention to prevent, reduce and / or eliminate occupational and environmental risks generated by the activities of these workshops. Keywords: Enviromental risk, occupational risk, cleaner production, auto body shops |
||
Portland Cement Production with Dregs and Grits from Kraft Pulp Mills Incorporation to the Clinker TORRES, C. M. M. E..; SILVA, C. M.; PEDROTI, L. G.; FERNANDES, W. E. H.; BALLOTIN, F. C.; ZANUNCIO, J. C. (UFV)
|
Abstract: Kraft pulp mills are expanding rapidly in Brazil and industrial waste generation is increasing. Concern about the increase in waste generation and disposal are growing. Waste must be preferentially recycled or reused and when this is not possible, it must be disposed in an environmentally sound manner. Technical feasibility of using solid wastes from kraft pulp mills as raw material in other industries is an interesting approach to manage environmental and economic aspects of the industry. Pulp mill wastes are classified as non-hazardous and noninert according to the Brazilian NBR 10.004. This paper proposes evaluate the technical feasibility of the incorporation of alkaline wastes named dregs and grits, to cement clinker in different proportions as raw material in the cement Portland industry. The research was carried out in three steps. First, it was carried out the characterization of dregs, grits and clinker. Second, the preparation of specimens in the dimensions of 5 cm diameter and 10 cm in length approximately using different proportions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15%), of dregs and grits were made, Third, the laboratory testing (determination of soundness by the Le Chatelier method, determination of setting times, determination of water content of the paste with normal consistency, determination of compressive strength and static modulus of elasticity) were carried out. The results showed that the addition of dregs and grits to clinker up to 10% were feasible according to the Portland cement Brazilian standards. Keywords: Kraft pulp mills, Dregs, Grits, Waste management, clinker [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Post-consumer Packing Residue Management: a Case-study on McDonald's T. N. Lopes, V. A. Belo, M. R. Henrique (Unicastelo), A. Formigoni, E. F. Rodrigues, I. P. A. Campos (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In view of the currently rising awareness on the sustainability and environmental questions
on the part of the general public, the present work reflects on the importance of
implementing an Environmental Management System, both as an image improving iniciative,
and as a source of financial return, for the companies that decide to take this step, and as a
source of environmental benefits for both the company itself and the society it exists within.
A case-study was performed to investigate the actuality of those concepts, focusing on the
fast-food services sector, McDonald's having been selected as a very representative large
company in this sector, which, therefore, presents the ideal conditions for the application of
environmental managemente techniques, in view of the high volume of residues it generates.
Hence, the present state of the quest for better solutions for the environmental problems, in
particular, and for residue management, in general, as actually undertaken by a big player in
the fast-food sector, is described and discussed herein.
Keywords: Waste management, packaging, post-consume, McDonald's [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Potential Environmental and Economic Savings by Using Rainwater in Subprefeitura Capela Do Socorro – São Paulo COELHO, R. C. M.; BONILLA, S. H. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The availability of drinking water has become a critical global problem due to: demand growth, especially in large
metropolitan areas, insufficient or mismanaged government investment; increased deforestation and irrational
water use due to lack of environmental education. Substitution of drinking water by other types of water, such as
rainwater and reuse for purposes that do not require drinking water, is one of the ways to partially face the
problem in favor of environmental conservation. The
present work compares the use of rainwater instead
of drinking water in Subprefeitura Capela do Socorro (a public buildings) – São Paulo, using the H. T. Odum 1996
emergy analysis, where a common metric, the emergy
written with "m" quantifies renewable, non-renewable and
purchased resources in the analyzed system. The calculated environmental payback is 7 months with
environmental benefits of 2.3E+16
sej / year. The estimated economic payback is 16 months with a savings of
R$ 42,239.00 / year. The possible uses of this rainwater are: washing streets of fairs, washing internals
courtyards, toilets and urinals, internals garden and vegetable garden water. Keywords: Drinking water, rainwater, emergy analysis, payback |
||
Potential of “Urban Mining” Arising from the Reverse Logistics of Electronics, a Case Study of iPhone and iPad from Apple EL-DEIR, S. G.; SANTOS, J. S. G.; SANTOS, L. A.; PINHEIRO, S. M. G. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Mineral extraction is one of the primary sector activities that most impacts the environment. Arising of waste electrical and electronic equipment, various noble minerals such as gold, silver, palladium and cupprum are discarded, causing environmental and public health problems, and configure a waste of process of such metals. This article is studying the possibility of reuse such minerals, here called “urban mining”, from the case study of the iPad and iPhone, using general data minerals laptops and cell phones, crossing these data with information from the worldwide sales of these products in the period of 2007 to 2014, reaching measurements that can give a first look at the potential of such activity. This study is a reflection of “urban mining”, in order that this theme is focal for the sustainability sector. Keywords: Planned obsolescence, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Precious metals [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Potential of Generation and Recovery of Domiciliary Solid Reject in the Western Paraná Region JEBAI, G. T.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: Recovery techniques have been employed for organic and reusable/recycable domiciliary solid waste.However, the recovery of the third type of waste, comprising the domiciliary solid reject (DR), is rare or, in the most of cases, non-existent. Recent studies show that DRs can be used in pyrolysis processes to obtain coal and liquid and solid hydrocarbons. However, to size them the qualification and quantification of DRs are required. In this context, the paper presents the generation potential of DR in the 50 municipalities of the western Paraná region and proposes a new management model for these rejects. The methodological design is based on the possibility of recovery through its transformation into value-added products.Therefore, a prospective survey was conducted and its quantitative values were obtained from correlations that depend on different variables, being the main of them the urban population of each municipality.Through thematic maps, a subdivision of the municipalities in five DR management regions is proposed. In each region, an anchor municipality would receive the installation of an DR processing center.Thus, the DR processing plant installed in the city of São Miguel do Iguaçu would be responsible for processing 48,50 ton per day; in Campo Bonito 48,29 ton per day; in MarechalCândidoRondon 15,48 ton per day; in Céu Azul 3,11 ton per day; and in Iracema do Oeste 4,93 ton per day. From this perspective, the DR would be converted into raw material and the products of itsrecovery would return to the production cycle. Keywords: Household solid waste; management models; potential generation of rejects [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Potential of Generation and Recovery of Hospital Solid Reject in the Western Paraná Region JEBAI, G. T.; MOREJON, C. F. M. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: In Brazil, the recovery of hospital solid reject (HR) is rare or, in the most ofcases, non-existent. Recent studies show that HRs can be used in pyrolysis processes to obtain coal and liquid and solid hydrocarbons. However, to size them the qualification and quantification of HRs are required. In this context, the paper presents the generation potential of HR in the 50 municipalities of the western Paraná region and proposes a new management model for these rejects. The methodological design is based on the possibility of recovery through its transformation into value-added products. Therefore, a prospective survey was conducted and its quantitative values were obtained from correlations that depend on different variables, being the main of them the number of hospital beds available in each municipality. Through thematic maps, a subdivision of the municipalities in five HR management regions is proposed. In each region, an anchor municipality would receive the installation of an HR processing center. Thus, the HR processing plant installed in the city of Campo Bonito would be responsible for processing 0.90 ton per day; in MarechalCândidoRondon0.75 ton per day; in São Miguel do Iguaçu 0.64 ton per day; in Iracema do Oeste 0.22 ton per day; and in Céu Azul 0.19 ton per day. From this perspective, the HR would be converted into raw material and the products of its recovery would return to the production cycle. Keywords: Hospital solid waste; health services solid waste; management models [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Potential of Waste from Steam Treatment in Eucalyptus Wood as Natural Dye for Dyeing Cotton ROSSI, T.; BRITO, J. O. (ESALQ); TRINDADE, N. B.; ARAÚJO, M. C. (USP)
|
Abstract: Natural dyes are gaining importance due to minor damage to health and the environment. It has been proposed to assess the potential for treating residue produced eucalyptus wood steam coloring natural tissues. We analyzed the chemical and physical characteristics of the residue. We dyed cotton fabrics by using the process of exhaustion with residue concentration at 50% relative to the fiber mass without addition of metal salts. Also we evaluate the addition of metal salts, iron sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate (alum), called mordant in the dyeing bath to increase the color range in dyed fabrics and their effects on resistance to fading of fabrics. Then we evaluated the Color fastness to washing of dyed fabrics by the ABNT. Fabrics were dyed footnote 5 of color transfer. This showed that the dyed fabric does not transfer color to the white fabrics of any type of fiber which showed that the dyeing with the residue of eucalyptus has characteristics acceptable to the textile industry. Alteration of color after wash was large; therefore, this dye can be a sustainable alternative for products which require neutral or acidic wash. Future studies should include assessments of color fastness to light. Keywords: Eucalyptus, textile, waste, dyestuff |
||
Practice and Procedures in Agroecology M. R. F. A, Leitão; E. S. Silva (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: All the data for this article have been collected and organized during the specialization course in Rural Family Agriculture and Education offered by 19 Universities in Brazil. In this course, the student Edvânia de Souza Silva wrote, under my supervision, the thesis 'Formation for the Transition of Conventional Agriculture to Agroecology Agriculture: The case of the diffusing family of Pajeú Mirim-Tabira/PE. Our research environment is the community of Pajeú Mirim, located 18 km away from its main city of Tabira. From the gathered data and debates developed there, we produced this article in order to raise thoughts about the speeches and practices built through our research process. Our main proposal is to contribute to the formation of a new professional in the family agriculture scenario in the countryside of the Pernambuco State. Thus, we gave priority to the learning experience of techniques, methodologies, and acquaintance among the 'true authors' of this history - the agriculturists - in a way to develop actions together, therefore contributing to the formation and understanding of the current transition from a conventional agriculture to a process based on agroecology. To achieve that, we focused on the use of different alternatives to help in the production system recovery, managing plagues, and diseases with natural defenses, rational use of water through an irrigation system by micron-aspersion and dripping. Our main research question relates to the agriculture scenario in the countryside that involves less diversification and lack of hydric infrastructure. In areas for agricultural production, families who own lands nearby the dam of 'Brotas' and the Pajeú river, plant fruits and vegetables using agrochemicals. In such manner, the debate on economic and environmental sustainability raises questions about changing the current planting culture to an agrochemical-free environment. Our methodology was based on the community needs and demands, considering the importance of theoretical approach for the farmers. Hence, the following activities were carried through:- Mobilization within community reunions, for a better interaction between agriculturists and researchers so they could preview and understand their own problems and demands;- Informal interviews with people from the community; - Trainings related to the negative impact of agrochemicals usage;- Trainings related to agroecological alternatives as a preparation for the natural defenses in the handling of plagues and diseases;- Experience and knowledge exchange between agriculturists and researchers. Our research sample consisted of three families with a certain level of awareness, following these criteria: to have access to their own water in their properties, which is an important requirement for proper production. That was possible because the families are located near the Pajeú river. Keywords: Agroecologic, economical and environmental sustainability, natural defenses, rural Family agriculture and education [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Preliminary Assessment of Potential water Savings through Actions of CP in Cementos Cienfuegos AS ALVARES, A. (Cementos Cienfuegos SA-Cuba); CABELLO, J. J. (Universidad de Cienfuegos-Cuba); ROMERO, J. L. (Cementos Cienfuegos SA-Cuba); SAGASTUME, A. (Universidad de Cienfuegos-Cuba)
|
Abstract: In paper a quantitative analysis of the main processes consumers of water in the company Cements Cienfuegos SA and actions focused to saving water through the introduction of the water recycled and use of the rain waters. Also a preliminary evaluation of the proposed actions is carried out and concludes that this company has potentialities of to reduce drastically its billing of water and to improve its indicators of specific consumption of water. Keywords: Cement, Water, Water Reuse, Water Management |
||
Preliminary Studies on the Production of Nanofibrils of Cellulose from Never Dried Cotton, Using Eco-Friendly Enzymatic Hydrolysis and High-Energy Sonication E. Bittencourt, M. de Camargo (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: An ecologically friendly method, to obtain cellulose nanofibrils, starting from Never Dried Cotton (NDC) is described, where cotton bowls are opened and maintained in water. NDC cotton exhibits a highly accessible structure and porosity, thus allowing a more efficient enzyme action and chemical treatments and derivatization. In this work, the conditions utilized to synthesize nano-fibrils from NDC were also tested on once dried cotton; the latter failed to produce nano-fibrils when submitted to the experimental conditions applied. A first-drying of cotton fibers results in a structure characterized by a collapse of the NDC fiber structure , which change from a circular cross section to its typical “bean- like” cross section, with reduced accessibility and porosity, and lower water sorption capacity. Those changes are of the same nature as the well known hornification described in pulp and paper science studies, associated with irreversible reduced accessibility, which affects paper properties, and in general, the utilization of cellulose for utilization as materials or fuel (i.e. alcohol) . In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of the fibers was followed the by high energy sonication for 20 to 50 minutes, resulting in the production of nanofibrils when using NDC. Similar treatment applied to oncedried cotton failed to produce nanofibrils. Although analysis of films made from hydrolyzed and sonicated NDC material, with scanning electronic microscopy, disclosed micro-fibers lengths of approximately 30 μm, and some nano-scale structures, only with Transmission Electron Microscopy was possible to confirm the presence of nanofibrils, Structures with 50 nm in diameter, were present after submitting the NDC to enzymatic hydrolysis , and high-energy sonication. Both processes are considered eco-friendly: enzymatic hydrolysis and, especially, high energy sonication which is gaining impressive industrial utilization in the last decade. Keywords: Never-dried cotton, cellulose, nanofibrils, ultrasound, hydrolysis |
||
Preliminary Study for Environmental Management in Surfboards Production P. E. A. Grijó, P. Brügger (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The surfboard industry, both in Brazil and the rest of the world, has for the past 50 years been dumping toxic and flammable waste in normal landfill sites without any environmental treatment or control. These residues, classified by the NBR 10.004 as class I, are considered dangerous, have a high aggregate value and a very high decomposition time period. During the manufacturing process of this product, the need for environmental management of these units was identified, the aim of which is to reduce water consumption, electric energy usage and the production of residues, as well as to increase the recovery of waste that cannot be eliminated. It has been noted that this manufacturing activity can be re-dimensioned so as to minimize the impact on the environment and on public health as well as to maximize financial resources. Since 1999, it has been found through alternative research into the waste recovery generated in the production of surfboards that this could be an end-activity within a process of sustainability, and hence it confirmed the necessity of working primarily with changing the culture of waste and consumerism prevalent in this industry. To bring about this initiative, there needs to be a system to promote environmental education and awareness at the socio-entrepreneurial level, and to produce a diagnosis in a surfboard factory, with the aim of formulating a reference model of ecological responsibility. This will be achieved through the promotion of debating forums and the formulation of an Environmental Management for the surfboards industry. Keywords: Environmental education, environmental management, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Principles Of Thermoelectric In Small Properties L. L. Silva; M. S. Alves; V. C. Silva; A. L. Rocha (IFAL - AL)
|
Abstract: Among the various types of renewable energy, biomass stands out as chemical energy with high energy density and ease of storage and transport conversion. The residues forming the biomass are from the anaerobic biological degradation of organic matter, and consist of a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, where these materials are submitted by biomass reactor combustion for the production of biogas. The reactorr is a device designed to contain biomass and its product: the biogas. There are several types, are generally composed of two parts: a tank to house and allow the digestion of biomass, and gas tank to store the biogas. Biogas is a mixture of methane, 65% of the volume, and other gases in smaller quantities that represent the remaining 35%. By comparison, one cubic meter of biogas is equivalent to: 0,613 liters of gasoline, 0,553 liters of diesel, 0,454 liters of gas for cooking, 1,536 kilos of firewood, 0,790 liters of hydrated alcohol, 1428 w of power. Creativity allows multiplication of the use of biogas in an agricultural property, just for this, that the scale producers the ability to generate its bioreactor. Therefore, it can becomes a factor of real energy independence. The experimental part of this work is the production of biogas through the cattle, taking the first good results, however, with still some adjustments to achieve the main objective is the production of electricity through the gas. This gas is used as fuel for a stove that burns after heating the water thereby generating a certain pressure, the steam will be led by a simulated turbine that is connected to the generator thereby producing enough energy to meet the consumption and especially with the use of energy sources available, which provides clean and environmentally sound solutions for energy generation and low financial cost. Keywords: Biomass, bioreactor, biogas and generate electric [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Process Management to Obtain a Cleaner Production in Discrete Manufacturing SANTOS, C. J.; BRANDAO, V. B.; EMBIRUÇU, M.; BARBOSA, A. S. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: In the national scene and the imminent presence of the water crisis in Brazil, it becomes mandatory to debate of environmental issues in the production environment as well as in its various sectors of activity. Human interference leads to a scarcity of natural resources caused, in most cases, poor management of these resources and the lack of proper management of waste generated in all processes. This article presents a case study of the implementation of a cleaner production methodology (CP) through the management processes of the existing workflows in a cleaning products company, aimed at implementing practical solutions to reduced consumption of water. These solutions, which include changes in the physical structure of the machines, alongside a joint work with the PPC and other areas involved, combining market strategies and productivity in order to reduce the setups of machines and use of water resources. Keywords: Sustainability, Cleaner, Water Resources Production.
|
||
Processing Centers in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining: Evolution or More Pollution? M. M. Veiga (University of British Columbia-Canada) |
Abstract: This article discusses the technical evolution observed worldwide in the artisanal and smallscale gold mining (ASGM) sector. At first glance, the centralization of mineral processing activities in local centers seems to rationalize the production and educe the dispersion of polluting tailings in rural areas. However, the rise of processing centers around the world is taking advantage of the ignorance and lack of capital of the artisanal miners. These centers receive gold ores from miners and process using poor grinding and amalgamation processes to extract less than 30% of the gold. As payment, miners leave the tailings (residues) at the centers which are processed by cyanidation to extract residual gold. The cyanidation of Hgcontaminated tailings produces mercury-cyanide complexes that are not always recovered in the process of activated carbon or zinc precipitation. As a result, tailings discharged into the local water streams carry mercury either as soluble cyanide complexes or Hg droplets. Some technologies to extract gold in small-scale to replace amalgamation are discussed and the cyanidation of concentrates in small-ball mills is highlighted as the most promising one. Any technique to replace mercury should invest in gravity or flotation concentration in order to reduce the mass of material to be leached or melted. This reduces dramatically capital and operating costs. There are a few processing centers, in particular at the South of Ecuador, doing responsible and cleaner gold extraction. They are integrating miners in the evolution process and creating a new breed of professionals in the small gold industry. The proliferation of these centers is possible but private capital is the main key factor since most Governments of developing countries do not have the understanding and the capacity to change the behavior of artisanal miners. Keywords: Gold, mining, mercury, cyanide, technology |
||
Produced Water Treatment by Nanofiltration TURRA, C.; GIACOBBO, A.; BERNARDES, A. M. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: The problem about produced water (PW) is worst if we consider that, for a single gallon of petroleum, there are three gallons of produced water as byproduct. PW is composed of a wide range of salts, suspended solids, chemical products such as antifloculating and anticorrosive substances and some organic products, being a treatment necessary either to disposal to the environment as to reuse . For this, the membrane processes such as ultra, micro and nanofiltration is becoming an option. In this study, nanofiltration (NF) membrane was characterized in terms of hydraulic permeability (Lp) and rejection coefficient (f), to be used as membrane process for onshore PW treatment. A synthetic effluent, simulating PW from onshore platform, was treated by NF in different operational conditions, combining three values of feed flow rate (96, 192 and 240 L.h-1 ) and pressures varying from 2 – 6 bars. Temperature and pH were practically constant, with few modifications during the assays. The optimal regime, ie. feed flow rate and applied pressure, was the combination of 192 L.h-1 of feed flow rate and 6 bars of pressure, which was capable to remove more than 81% of ions present in the synthetic PW. Between all the assays, the NF membrane was washed until Lp reached at least 90% the initial value. This fact proves that NF is a very effective method in salts removing from PW, promoting water reuse, recycling and correct disposal. Keywords: membrane processes, nanofiltration, reuse and disposal, produced water treatment |
||
Product Ecodesign model based on Life Cycle Assessment J. Staniskis; V. Varzinskas (Kaunas University of Technology - Lithuania)
|
Abstract: Product life cycle thinking is essential in the path to sustainability by expanding the focus on the production site to the whole product life cycle facilitates the links between the economic and environmental dimensions within a company. Life cycle thinking is about widening views and expands the traditional focus on manufacturing processes to incorporate various aspects associated with a product over its entire life cycle. Implementation of environmental requirements into product development is important both from an environmental and business perspective. The most directly achieved benefit is the reduction of environmental impacts from increased levels of consumption, in other words the mitigation of causes of environmental problems both at global and local level. Ecodesign (also design for the environment, life cycle design, environmentally-conscious design) is the systematic methodology that incorporates environmental considerations into the design process of products. At the heart of eco-design is the concept of the product life cycle. Product life cycle starts with resources taken from nature, goes on to the production of materials and manufacturing processes, packaging and transport, the use and maintenance of a product and finally concludes at the end-of-life stage. The term life cycle thinking refers to the integrated approach that has to be applied with the aim of designing more environmentally compatible products. The investigation studies of applying Eco-design model in Lithuanian industry have been done in the framework few international projects, academic and scientific research. The main objectives of the study were to make analysis of eco-design situation in Lithuania, to create dynamic model for systematic use of different tools for the environmental product development and to apply this model in the process of creation of new products in Lithuanian industry. Keywords: Life cycle, ecodesign, product development, environmental performance |
||
Product End-of-Life, Remanufacturing and Reuse Market: Trends, Barriers and Challenges in a Case Study M. Bouzon, C. L. Cardozo, C. M. T. Rodriguez, L. A. Gontijo, A. A. Queiroz (UFSC) |
Abstract: Within the current environmental context, the focus of society and businesses is oriented to finding solutions to reduce environmental impacts which are also economically sustainable. Accordingly, remanufacturing deals with issues related to environmental impact reduction such as the economy of material, energy, capital, labor, and emissions used in the manufacture of products. However, remanufacturing deals also with variabilities and inefficiencies that are barriers to the business’ economic sustainability. This paper presents perspectives of product end-of-life and describes the state of the remanufacturing industry and reuse market. To complement the existing literature, a case study was conducted in a remanufacturing telecommunication products industry in southern Brazil. It was found that the studied company does not collect end-of-life products - it receives only aftermarket products and products for repair. The company fears selling remanufactured products at lower prices for the reuse market may cannibalize the sale of new products. Furthermore, the remanufacturing processes were observed to involve several wastes, which confirms its status of “immature” industry. Keywords: Remanufacturing, reuse market, product end-of-life, sales cannibalization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Production of Bio-Fertilizer (biol) from the Bio-Digestion Effluent to Improve the Emergence and Growth of Seedlings of Agronomic Interests VIERA FERNÁNDEZ, M. B.; STOBBIA, D. A.; LEDESMA, A. (Córdoba National University, Argentina)
|
Abstract: The use of bio-digesters is a clear example of Clean & Sustainable Technology, transforming disposals in biogas and solid and liquid fertilizer, both at domestic and commercial scales. The bio-digestionis a natural process that corresponds to the anaerobic cycle of carbon, actioned and combined with different groups of bacteria in complete absence of oxygen, using organic material to feed and reproduce. In this digestion is possible to identify two types of products as fertilizers, the liquid bio fertilizer which is called “biol” and the solid fertilizer which is called “biosol”. The biol is the liquid effluent which is frequently discharged from the digester; and through filtering and flocculation the liquid and solid parts are separated. This bio-factor promotes vegetable growth and can b\e applied to the seed through imbibition. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the reutilization of the effluent from the bio-digestion as bio-fertilizer in the states of germination and seedling. The following treatments were proposed: 1: 100% water; 2: 75% water and 25% Biol; 3: 50% Water and 50% Biol; 4: 25% Water and 75% Biol; 5: 100% Biol. The diluted biol to the fourth part (2) turned to be an improver of germination power and of the seedling growth of agronomic interest. Keywords: Effluent, bio-fertilizer, germination, seedling growth
|
||
Production Of Biofuels From Cassava Starch Producing Wastewater F. Lamaison; V. Reginatto; E. R. Amante; R. V. Antônio (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Greenhouse gases and global warming are current problems caused by the high fossil fuels demand. In this context it is important to search for alternatives energy sources. Biofuels, as methane and hydrogen can be produced from organic wastes or wastewater rich in carbohydrates. In the present work it was studied the possibility to use the cassava processing wastewater, named manipueira, for fermentative biofuels production. An anaerobic bioreactor with 2 liters volume was used applying an organic loading of 2997.5 mg/L.d of COD. The performance of the bioreactor was monitored daily by the determination of COD, acidity and pH in the manipueira and in the bioreactor effluent. It was observed a COD consumption of about 22%. The average of the total biogas volume produced daily was 469 mL. The theoretical composition of this biogas was calculated as 35.93 and 64.07% of methane and hydrogen, respectively. Such values were very similar to the experimental ones, 37.67% of methane and 62.32% of hydrogen. This work showed the possibility to use cassava processing wastewater, a high concentrated organic pollutant, as substract for production of hydrogen, a very energetic and clean biofuel. Keywords: Wastewater, manipueira, fermentation, biofuels [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Productive Potential of Green Manures Aiming Rotation with Sugarcane, in the State of Alagoas OLIVEIRA, T. B. A. (UFSC/UFAL); BORNIA, A. C. (UFSC); OLIVEIRA, M. W. (UFAL)
|
Abstract: In a neat agricultural production system, it is essential to minimize the disruption to environment as well as to optimize the production factors. In Brazil, the sugarcane is considered as clean energy source. However, one must be aware of the changes caused by sugarcane production system, which can cause physical and chemical deterioration to soil. To maintain the physical and chemical properties of the soil cropped with sugarcane, the rotation with leguminous plants is recommended because they are easy to grow, present high biomass production, vigorous root system, besides their high capacity to fix nitrogen from atmospheric air. In this study, the productive potential of seven leguminous plants grown in Rio Largo, State of Alagoas, on northeastern Brazil were evaluated during two years. Sowings took place on early April and the cutting of the plants for evaluation of the nitrogen and dry matter accumulation was performed at seed formation stage. The Cajanus cajan, the Mucuna aterrima, the Canavalia ensiforme and the Mucuna nivea were more effective in accumulating dry matter and nitrogen in aboveground biomass. However, because their very long cycles, they do not allow rotation with cane. On the other hand, the crotalarias juncea, ocroleuca and spectabilis showed lower productive potential, although showing good adaptation to rotation with the sugarcane of one year and half. The results showed the use of the crotalarias (juncea, ocroleuca or spectabilis) under rotation with cane rather results higher dry matter production and higher nitrogen supply to soil, in comparison to natural vegetation (spontaneous), when optimizing the production factors and mitigating the effects from the physical and chemical deterioration of the soil. Keywords: Sustainable development, cleaner production, energy, crop rotation, nutrient cycling. |
||
Projection of Energy Efficiency Gains by Using the Hybrid System in the Public Transport of Passengers SILVA, H. R. O.; PARIZI, C. C.; ABRAHAM, E. R.; MACHADO, S. T.; COSTA NETO, P. L. O.; VENDRAMETTO, O.; MEDINA, F. A. S. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Although the concept of sustainability be placed in the context of cities with emphasis on balance of economic, ecological and social dimensions, the collective passenger transport in urban centers of large cities is a major challenge for public management, both for mobility urban as for the reduction of pollutant emissions and respiratory diseases. For example, the majority of vehicles for public transport are operated with diesel fuel and / or biodiesel which generally raises a concern due to adverse effects on human health caused by the emission of particulate matter. In this sense, the public transport of passengers performed by hybrid vehicles can be an alternative to reduce the emission of pollutants. This work aims to analyze the feasibility of replacing the vehicle fleet diesel for hybrid vehicles in the city of São Paulo. Thus, there was the projection calculation for renewal of the bus fleet of the city of São Paulo from conventional vehicles to hybrids considering a renewal rate of 10% per year. The results showed that the planning of replacement for hybrid vehicles by 2024, would reduce CO2 by 77.5%, thus contributing to the environment, better air quality in the São Paulo city center and reduction of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular. Keywords: Fossil Fuels, urban centers, cleaner transport, Sao Paulo [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Promoting Cleaner Production through Innovative University Research Methods B. Kura (University of New Orleans)
|
Abstract: Using private and government funding, researchers at the University of New Orleans (UNO) designed and built an Emissions Test Facility (ETF) under their clean technologies initiative which is being used to train graduate and undergraduate students. The role of Emissions Test Facility (ETF) is very important in developing clean/environmentally-friendly technologies. The ETF at UNO is scalable to the needs of the processes to be optimized and allows monitoring of process parameters and the quantity/characteristics of waste streams. This ETF also contains a two stage air pollution control system to prevent contamination of the site being used for the research. An exhaust fan with flow controller is equipped to study the emission variations under variable ventilation conditions. Exhaust rates can also be related to wind speeds in case of processes performed in open-air conditions. UNO’s ETF has been successfully used to optimize dry abrasive blasting process commonly used to remove paint, rust and other surface contaminants before new paint application of metallic surfaces. Blast pressure, abrasive feed rate, type of abrasive, level and type of contamination, and many other process conditions influence (1) energy consumption, (2) material consumption, (3) productivity (how fast the surface is cleaned), (4) used-abrasive generation, and (5) quantities and characteristics of air emissions. By simulating the process within the ETF, various process, performance, and environmental (waste potential) parameters were measured. Thus ETF was helpful in understanding the inter-relationships among process parameters, types of abrasives, and emission potential which helped in developing predictive mathematical models. These models now can predict (1) productivity, (2) material/energy consumption, (3) air emissions, (4) used-abrasive generation rates, and (5) life cycle costs. ETF is being used to simulate and optimize other industrial processes to increase understanding of inter-relationships and develop predictive and decision-support tools. This research setup and approach greatly supports the concepts of green engineering, design for the environment, clean/environmentally-friendly technologies, environmentally-preferred material selection, life cycle cost reduction, pollution prevention, health risk reduction, and overall improvement of quality of life. This paper presents some salient features of the research approach, recent experiences, and outcomes. Keywords: Abrasive blasting, particulate emission factors, emissions modeling, waste from abrasive blasting, abrasive ranking |
||
Proposal for a construction system based on sustainable use of sawmill waste E. Grinover (Grinover Associados); Y. Ogura (UNIP); C. S. Carvalho (Universidad Alberto Hurtado - Chile); C. Moliterno; A. R. P. L. Albuquerque (UNIP)
|
Abstract: We present a proposal for a system of sustainable construction that allows maintaining the life under the natural world. The proposed system uses wood from "profit", that means, waste from outside the standard commercial. These wastes are usually burned in the open fire perennial causing release of large quantities of CO2, the main greenhouse gas effect. In this system the recovery is pasted to form the parts of the building (walls, ceilings, tiles, etc.) allowing a pre-molded construction site in the works clean and boost the economy in the world for this technology is the strong commitment it has environmental preservation coupled with technological development. Keywords: Wood use, greenhouse gases, system constructive development, environmental preservation, forest management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal for a Preliminary Model of Integrated Product Development Oriented to Production Activities FAGAN, A. M. V. (UTFPR/PUC-PR); CANCIGLIERI, O. (PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: This work was directed from a study of the phases of the development cycle of PDP and PDIP models, and of works that approached the integration of the manufacture to the development of products. It was verified that the integration of the manufacturing to the PDIP presents gaps, mainly in the phase of production, since the majority of the works are focused in the stages of design and do not consider the complete cycle of development of the product. Therefore, the objective of this work was to propose a preliminary model of integrated product development oriented to production activities throughout the product life cycle. The proposed model presents three phases and seven stages, where each stage has specific activities integrated with the production. As a next step, the model will be tested in Multiuse Goods Not Consumers of clothing products belonging to the fashion corridor, located in the state of Paraná. Keywords: Integrated Product Development Process; Project; Manufacturing, Cleaner Production, Concurrent Engineering [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal for a Value Stream Mapping Method Integrating Sustainability Indicators MORAES, A. J. I.; HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP)
|
Abstract: In the current scenario, in generally the companies are increasingly looking to the use of sustainable practices in their business processes in order to maximize their profits, with best environmental practices, and especially the company's image enhancement to the community through actions social. Given these variables today and other of the past, operations management models have evolved over time due to the need imposed by society. However there are many challenges in the quest for sustainability, but this work of the emphasis in the manufacturing process in the pursuit of sustainable products and sustainable transformation. In the process of transformation practices and initiatives LM (lean manufacturing) has been used to reduce waste, minimize environmental impacts and provide better social conditions. The use of the VSM tool (Value Stream Mapping) developed by the LM is used to map a process flow in order to highlight the seven major waste losses. However some studies have added social and environmental indicators by the VSM, evaluating them independently. This work aims to present a methodology for developing a method of value stream mapping integrating sustainability indicators, in order to assess the level of sustainability of a manufacturing process as a whole (economic, environmental and social). With the proposed method was possible to measure the sustainability level of grip in the manufacturing process. Keywords: Sustainability indicators, lean production, operations management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proposal for Integration of Sustainability in the Process of Rational Planning L. C. Silva; O. L. G. Quelhas (UFF)
|
Abstract: Since the presentation of Sustainable Development concept by United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, many initiatives to reach the sustainability can be found in the literature. This article originates from the literature review of sustainability and planning theory and propose a simple structure, which applies the concepts of sustainability within the steps of a process of rational planning to move towards sustainability. It also provides a conceptual and practical understanding of sustainability to be tested in practice. Keywords: Sustainability, planning approaches, racionality [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal for more Sustainable Re-Moisturizing Tobacco Leaves GOUVEA, C. A. K.; BÓRZIO, R. F.; HURTADO, A. L. (IST/SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: The re-moisturizing is an important step in the processing of tobacco leaves. It is crucial to obtaining the final moisture content of processed tobacco, essential for their physical preservation, handling and ensuring conservation of their intrinsic qualities. Current techniques of tobacco leaf reumidificação uses water vapor and, therefore, have high energy consumption for steam production, high water consumption for the steam generation, a constant vapor generation promotes corrosion and requires intensive and constant equipment maintenance, finaly, treat a large amount of boiler blowdown water consumes chemicals and energy. The aim of this work was to test a tobacco leaves re-moisturizing by steam created from cold water mist generated by use of ultrasound. For experimental testing bench was developed a Test Box, which was attached to a commercial humidifier equipment, simulating an industrial vapor re-moisturizing camera. This Tests Box was built to assess the ability of re-moisturizing tobacco leaves with cold water, testing the differentes positions for water mist entrance, different positions for ventilation or suction of steam mist, always comparing in the same time required in the industrial plant. The measurement of the initial and final tobacco moisture was made by mass loss in a apropriated laboratory equipment, applying the tobacco industry methodology. From these assays could be proved the more sustainable re-moisturizing process is possible having the leaves with the necessary final humidity in the industrial required time and also was find a more efficient position for the water mist get into the Test Box. Keywords: Tobacco, Re-moisturizing, Ultrasound moisturizing, sustainable re-moisturizing [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal of a Template to Sustainability Management by Integrating Triple Bottom Line and Balanced Scorecard from the Quality Management NICOLETTI JR., A. (UNIMEP); OLIVEIRA, M. C.; HELLENO, A. L. (UNIMEP/Mackenzie)
|
Abstract: This article aims to propose a model for corporate Sustainability Management based on the integration of the Quality management system with the triple bottom line (TBL) pillars of sustainability and the organizational performance perspectives of the Balanced ScoreCard (BSC). The theoretical survey verified the increase of studies about the development of management models considering the operations management in sustainability. However, it was verified a gap in literature of the full integration of the concepts involving TBL and BSC, as a management model to corporate sustainability. The construction of the model contemplated the fulfillment of the 12 noted correlations between the TBL pillars (economic, social and environmental) and the BSC perspectives (people, process, market and financial), comprising both the requirements of sustainability and organizational performance. Keywords: sustainability, Balanced ScoreCard, Triple Bottom Line, organizational performance, Quality management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proposal of Calibration of Questionnaire for Evaluation of Happiness SOUZA, R. R.; ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a proposal for the calibration of a questionnaire for the evaluation of happiness. The calibration aims at the practicality of the instrument with similar valuation to that obtained by the application of the questionnaire model of the Bhutan Studies Center (BSC). Initially, the BSC model questionnaire was adapted, excluding questions linked to specific cultural aspects of Bhutan, and the open-ended questions were transformed into closed-ended multiple-choice questions. The BSC model questionnaire has 209 questions, which integrate 33 indicators divided into 9 domains. This extensive questionnaire requires considerable time, resulting in little practicality and high application costs. For this reason, from the extensive questionnaire, a reduced questionnaire was formulated with care to maintain the 9 domains (psychological, time use, health, education, cultural diversity, good governance, community vitality, ecological diversity and standard of living). Questions were taken from the extensive questionnaire so that the score resulted in an amount equal to or greater than 70% of the total domain. The reduced questionnaire had 79 questions and 21 indicators. The two questionnaires were then applied (extended and reduced) for two study groups: a group of 6 postgraduate students and the other 6 family heads of a low-income community. In this experiment, the time of application and the level of sufficiency reached in each domain was evaluated. The average application time went from 3 hours (extensive questionnaire) to 30 minutes (reduced questionnaire). However, when comparing the final score scores by domain (sufficiency level) of the extensive and reduced questionnaires, differences (for each study group) were observed in the sufficiency level in some domains. To achieve the same result by using the reduced questionnaire, calibration criteria were developed. The criterion for intervention in the reduced questionnaire was to add questions until a similar value was obtained for the level of sufficiency, and the difference of one level of proficiency per domain for a single interviewee was tolerated. As a result of the calibration, the student group questionnaire had 111 questions and 26 indicators. In this case, there was intervention in the areas of cultural diversity, well-being and ecological diversity. In the case of the interviewees from the low-income community, the questionnaire, after calibration, had 107 questions and 25 indicators, being calibrated the areas of the standard of living, education, community vitality and ecological diversity. The results show that depending on the target population, the domains to be calibrated may vary. The calibrated reduced questionnaire, besides reducing the application time by 6 times, about the extensive questionnaire, results in a similar assessment of happiness. A calibrated questionnaire, the result of this research, can contribute to public policies, where they influence people's way of life. Keywords: Happiness. Calibration of the questionnaire. Gross Domestic Happiness. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal of Environmental Recovery of the Urban Area of the Ouro Monte River Watershed D. Mondardo; P. P. Bellon; L. B. Santos; C. C. Meinerz (UNIOESTE); A. F. Haoui (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The transformation of the rural environment into urban environment will always result in important ecological changes. The planning of a city mustn’t be linked only with the urban center, but also with the rural places, including an ample region, inclusive hydrographical basin, if they exist. It’s necessary to do a study of the soil use and its discipline, verifying the areas of using, occupations and activities to be done to keep its quality and its balance in an acceptable level. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to assess the environmental aspects of the “Monte Ouro” river source and to propose solution to recover the same one. Also, to the stretch which goes through the neighborhood “Parque Independência”, located in Medianeira borough, proposing conscientious alternatives to the soil treatment, creating a drain treatment system, generated by the drain of rain waters residences. It also suggests a plan of environment control to possible future problems in the neighborhood. Keywords: Urban, ecological planning, sustainable environment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal of Guidelines for Sustainable Buildings Planning OLIVEIRA, M. L.; QUELHAS, O. L. G.; SIMÃO, V. G. (UFF)
|
Abstract: This article proposes guidelines to be incorporated in the planning phase of sustainable buildings construction. Based on theorist knowledge and empirical research, it presents concepts of sustainability and its application in designing sustainable buildings. Processes and planning requirements are dentified under the assumptions of sustainable development. The research method used is qualitative, applied. Performs comparison between sustainability concepts are identified in the scien tific literature, and planning practices of building surveyed in the business practices. Experts were interviewed in order to prioritize the guidelines identified in the literature review and in business practices. The search result sets guidelines for planning sustainable buildings. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, sustainable building, construction management, sustainability engineering [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proposal of the New Model for Solid Urban Waste Management C. F. M. Morejon, J. F. de Lima, W. F. Rocha, R. D. Possa (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: With the uncontrolled increase of solid waste production, consequence of the increased population and inadequate management of these residues, the environmental problems and public health have increased. In the current scenario waste is a "curious" indicator of socioeconomic development of a nation, ie, the more of the growth economy, reather the volume of waste produced. But, the tragic side of this scenario is a consequence of the management model implemented, depending on the case the waste can pose a problem, and at the same time can mean the source of solution the problems caused. In this context, this paper discusses and proposes a management model urban solid waste on the basis of methodology and technology developed at the university (PI 0801312-8). The analysis made diagnostic, identified the advantages and disadvantages of conventional models, and explained the opportunities of a new management model based on differentiated methods in the steps of collection, transport, recovery and disposal of urban solid waste. The laboratory results demonstrated the technical, economic and financial viability of the of the new model proposed, in which the waste is no more a cost factor, it is an investment opportunity. In this proposal, the economic variable is the greatest attraction for individuals at the same time as the impacts on the environment and society are also positive. Keywords: Urban waste, collection, transport, processing, recovery [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposal to Include Sustainability Aspects in the Product Development Process LEÓN, C. A. V.; CORDEIRO, G. A.; DEPAULA, C. P.; PACHECO, JR.; COOPER, R. E. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Innovation and sustainability are considered imminent trends for companies that seek to continue competitive in a globalized market. Part of the responsibility to build a more sustainable society is associated with the capacity of the Product Development Process (PDP) team adopt these concepts in its routine in the business environment. In this scenario, there are few researches that consistently addresses the insertion of sustainability in the PDP, more specifically regard to the Triple Bottom Line (economic, social, environmental) dimensions, factor by which sustainability is measured. Considering that few surveys show clearly this relationship, this paper aims to contribute to the improvement of the PDP through the theoretical suggestion of incorporating sustainability aspects, in this case 11 approaches and tools that are applicable in the different PDP phases. Furthermore, is specifically defined in which phase this concepts should be applied. Keywords: Sustainability, Product Development Process (PDP), Triple Bottom Line, Sustainability Approaches and Tools [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposing Robustness Index for Emergy Accounting BUENO, M. F. F. (UNIP/IFSULDEMINAS)
|
Abstract: The robustness of a scientific method must be investigated with the aim of identifying the main variables or factors that influence its results or answers. A method is considered robust if insensible to deviations of the suppositions it bases itself upon. This study proposes an equation capable of assessing the robustness of emergy accounting, with the aim of establishing parameters and identifying factors that can affect results obtained when using the method. Emergy environmental accounting is used to assess the use of resources in the production of a product or service. It is an innovative method, however, it still lacks standardization of evaluation procedures. An equation to identify the robustness of a group of systems and the emergy ternary diagram to present the results were used in this study. Results obtained from applying the equation to a group of systems were compatible with their dispersion in the emergy ternary diagram. The area defined on the diagram can indicate the probable interval in which future studies will have their results inserted. That is due to the fact that the inflows necessary for the production of a product or service direct a given system and are, basically, the same for similar systems. Keywords: emergy, ternary diagram, robustness, robustness index [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proposal to the Residues Reduction in the Process of the Plasma Cutting of a Manufacturer of Building Systems G. S. Milan; F. Z. Guedes; F. B. Angnes (UCS)
|
Abstract: The paper aims to develop a proposal for a reduction in the residues volume in the process of the plasma cutting in a manufacturer of building systems. For this, specific studies on the cleaner production and residues reduction supported a better understanding of these concepts and on the environment in the company serving as a theoretical basis for practical application in the development of specific objectives from the main objective, that is to reduce the volume of residues from the process of the plasma cutting, mainly from scrap metal derived from this process. Thus, the specific objectives have been met regarding the proposal, but the effectiveness of the result can only be measured after the actions implementation to continue getting future due to demand of time for implementation. However, it is clear that to have sustainable development as a guarantee of competitiveness, the company should focus its strategies in prevention and correction actions of problems rather than only attack their effects. Keywords: Cleaner production, residues, reduction of residues [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposals for the Recovery of Waste Processing of Orange Juice K. Rezzadori; S. Benedetti (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The Brazil is the world's largest producer of oranges. Most of the Brazilian production, concentrated in São Paulo State, is for the juice industry. One of the main problems faced by industrial processing of orange juice is the large volume of solid and liquid waste produced. The present work proposes alternatives to the minimization and recovery of solid and liquid waste generated in the processing of juice, based on processing a large company in São Paulo State. The alternatives were proposed based on information and data from literature and the concepts of clean technologies. Keywords: Recovery of waste, orange peel, by-products [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposed Indicators for Assessing the Environmental Performance of Production Processes of Sugar-Energy Plants REBELATO, M. G. (UNESP); MADALENO, L. L. (FATEC); RODRIGUES, A. M. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The sugar-energy industry, even governed by a series of laws and ordinances regulating their activities with respect to their environmental impacts, has been subject to seizure by environmentalists because it is a type of industry that employs production processes with intense waste generation. However, there is not in national literature a work that presents a comprehensive set of environmental indicators adapted to the industrial operations of sugar-energy production. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop and present a set of environmental indicators that are applicable to the production processes of sugar-energy plants. From the study of the production process, we identify the steps that generate waste and by-products, the characteristics of each waste or by-product and the relevant legislation. With this, we developed an environmental indicator for each waste/byproduct identified. For the perfect definition of each indicator we define its purpose, its justification, and its standard evaluation procedure. As a result, it is shown a set of 23 architected indicators in order to highlight, from the destination that the plant give to the waste or by-products generated, the level of environmental suitability in the management of each of them. Keywords: Environmental performance indicators, environmental performance of sugar-energy plants, ethanol production, sugar production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proposed Methodology of Cleaner Production with Quality Tools D. A. L. Silva, B. Barra, A. R. Ometto (USP) |
Abstract: The Cleaner Production (CP) aims to minimize waste generation, making the production process more efficient. The CP implantation methodology is widespread in the literature. Nevertheless however, it does not deal deeply and clearly questions such as "what tools to use in collecting and analyzing data from the production process?", or "how to prioritize improvement actions most important?". Therefore, the authors of this study noticed the existence of problems or gaps in the CP methodology when it comes to deploying the program in companies. For example, delays during CP implementation activites and the gathering of false and/or incomplete information, which may hinder the decision-making. The goal of this paper is to propose solutions to these observed deficiencies. In order to do that, we suggested changes in the CP implementation methodology and the use of quality tools. These suggestions were made for each step of the methodology, based on literature review and critical analysis, turning the CP program implementation clearer. Keywords: Cleaner Production, pollution prevent, quality tools, source reduction, environment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposed Structure of the Solid Waste Management in the Corporate Environment T. S. Pinheiro, R. B. Prota, C. M. C. Rocha, N. S. Cavalcanti, G. S. El-Deir (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: Um Plano de Gestão Integrada Corporativa de Resíduos Sólidos – PGICRS visa à An Corporate Integrated Management Plan for Solid Waste - PGICRS aims at reducing environmental business passive, both in production area and in administrative spaces, as regards the shopping, management and relocation or disposal of materials. In this context, the objective was to generate the beginning of a Solid Waste Management - GRS for "Company A ". It began with the situational diagnosis, realized through on-site observation, interviews with employees and evaluating formal documents of the company. Interviews indicated that staff have superficial knowledge about environmental issues, but recognize the importance of selective collection. Based on data collected from existing reality and the potential for change, in accordance with the guideline of management, was conducted in a coordinated way, systemic and integrated approach, a proposal that PGICRS told how the basic principles of compliance with current legislation, Environmental Education, the 3R's and the PDCA cycle, also were deployed to GRS logistics, ensuring worker safety, the relevance of integration with strategic planning and the creation of the steering committee. Keywords: Corporate Environmental Management, environmental perception, waste, environment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposition of a Method for Remanufacturing Based on QFD F. N. Puglieri (USP)
|
Abstract: The increasing of eco-design methods during the last decade helped designers to consider the environmental issues in the product development. But many of these methods don’t analyze the end-of-life strategies of the product, as for example the remanufacturing. This paper has as the goal to propose a method based on Quality Function Deployment (QFD) applied on the remanufacturing. This method can help designers in the early phases of the product development where the main decisions about remanufacturing must be taken. Keywords: QFD, remanufacturing, product development [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Proposition of a Model for the Environmental Impact Assessment in the Apparel Industry CASTILLO, L.; TEIXEIRA, G. (UFPE)
|
Abstract: The garment industry generate impacts to the environment which need to be assessed in order to optimize the overall environmental performance of the production process of fashionable products. This paper proposes a methodology to measure these environmental impacts, based on the analysis of the production processes of a medium-size garment industry. For the definition of the model we take into consideration a series of guidelines based on the postulates of Design for Sustainability (D4S) and the systems and tools commonly used for environmental management. The model proposes a way of mapping the production processes as well as analyzing and measuring the impacts generated by the creation and production of fashion artifacts. Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, cleaner production, design for sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proposition of Implementation EMS and CP Actions in a Textile Machinery Industry, Curitiba-PR MACENO, M. C. M. (UFPR); VELOZO, T. G. (UTP); CANEDO, P. L. R.; SILVA, M. C. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The environmental pollution has intensified its rise in the 80's, 90's and 2000s due to the growth of industries allied to capitalism and consumerism. Along with this growth from environmental degradation, there was a concern with the preservation of this environment, in order to maintain the continuity of human life and the earth. This concern quickly spread to businesses through legal and quality improvements in the environmental performance of organizations for environmental preservation. In this context, emerged the ISO 14000 series of standards and techniques of cleaner production (CP) , in view of the enterprise application and this performance improvement. Therefore, this study sought to integrate the quality management system of a company of textile machinery to environmental management system (EMS) based on the model of ISO 14001:2004, and raise possible CP actions in this organization. To permit evaluation of the EMS implementation, the survey was first conducted in component processes of manufacturing, as well as the environmental diagnosis of the organization. Then, analyzes were performed of the quality management system (QMS), which was already implemented and certified in the company studied, and we sought, through the quality of the documents, build bases and integration of EMS systems. Subsequently, the items were developed components of the environmental management system as standard: environmental policy, raising environmental aspects and impacts, legal requirements, goals and objectives, programs and procedures. In addition, a survey was conducted of certification costs. Finally, critical points were verified environmental performance in the company and proposing alternatives for improving indicators of control. According to the results, it was perceived that the organization already contained a well-reasoned, mainly due to the presence of the QMS deployed. For the implementation of the EMS, the main barriers were found to standardize procedures and environmental controls as well as employee training. The main actions to improve environmental performance were the recycling of treated effluent for use in cleaning the metal parts and the fate of metal powder grinding for recycling, eliminating the environmental liabilities of the company regarding this waste and enabling a reduced cost of disposal. Keywords: EMS, CP, Company of textile machinery, Actions [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Proyecto Piloto Implementación de la Metodología de Producción Más Limpia en la Universidad de la Salle Bajío Escuela de Turismo y ECEA S. P. López, M. A. M. Centeno, L. M. V. Castillo, F. G. Olvera (Salle Bajio University-Mexico)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the Bajio Cleaner Production Center (CPLB) in its project conducted jointly with the University of La Salle Bajío (Universidad de La Salle Bajío). The project called "Pilot Implementation Cleaner Production methodology at the University of La Salle Bajío Tourism and ECEA Schools”. The objective of this project was to detect the potential savings in the use of raw materials, water and energy, and also contribute to a productive efficiency and reduction of operating costs of companies in this sector. In addition to the economic and environmental benefits by the Cleaner Production (CP) and Energy Efficiency (EE) Implementation, under this scheme all schools that make a Cleaner Production project can get the "Clean Company" Certificate issued by PROPAEG, so in a single project, the university could obtain environmental regulatory compliance, financial savings, public image, increased competitiveness, and minimizes negative environmental impacts and the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy. The “University of De la Salle Bajio” is located in León, Guanajuato, México. Some of the results obtained are: train at least a thousand students on the importance of pollution prevention and productive efficiency in educational institutions. The detection of areas of opportunity in CP and EE in the University can lead to an estimated economics savings. The implementation of CP and EE at the University is being translated in a decrease in water consumption of 2,038.65 m3/year. The Tourism/ECEA Building produces an average of 21.5 tons of garbage per year of which 37.8% are recycled. The raw materials produced at The Tourism/ECEA building are paper, carton, plastic, glass y aluminum and 53.4% goes directly to the dump. 80% of these materials are organic, so there is a big percentage that can be used to produce compost for the green areas of the university. There will be a reduction of electricity consumption of 275,709 kWh/year; all this can be translated in a decrease of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere of about 180 tons per year. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Universidad de la Salle Bajío, pilot project |
||
Public Environmental Management: Risks and Problems of Garbage in the City of Pelotas / RS A. S. S. Kautzmann; M. G. S. Nogueira; G. D. O. Casalinho (UFPel)
|
Abstract: Nowadays, the humanity faces the accelerated depletion of planet’s natural resources in a pace never seen in history. The disorderly growth of the population to levels far above the natural ecosystems and supported by the pressure exerted by this phenomenon, is certainly one of the most important factors for the ecological damage. The large-scale production and wasteful consumption, are other factors that cause, besides the depletion of natural resources, the involvement of whole environments, as people not knowing who to target as many packages and objects into disuse just throwing them in rivers , streams, soils, forests, etc.. Besides the increase in the amount of trash each other due to the growth in levels of consumption, we should consider the fact that this garbage becomes every day less organic, and therefore less digestible. Only Brazil produces 240 tons of garbage per day. Environmental management is a large management mechanism and must be assimilated by all social sectors. With the direct action of communities, these problems could be minimized by organizing, for example, the selective waste collection, among other programs. A selective collection, simplified, which educates the public to separate their garbage at home, at least two groups, the organic and recyclable, it is something essential that urban management can no longer postpone. This study was performed in the city of Pelotas, in the company Sanep - Autonomous Service of Sanitation of Pelotas, where were identified projects under implementation, related to environmental issues most pressing in the city. Due to the exploratory nature of this work, with the content analysis was possible a more complete and adequate knowledge of the reality. This perception was through interviews with the engineer responsible for managing the city's garbage. Evidence shows that the participation of citizens, communities and civil society as a whole is essential to sustainability and the minimization of risks and environmental problems caused by trash in the city of Pelotas. Keywords: Environmental management, garbage, selective collection, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Public Policies: Their Contribution to Reuse and Recycling Process of Small and Electronic Medium-Sized Enterprises DIAS, V. S.; BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. M. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: It is estimated that 80% of companies in the electronics industry are micro and small enterprises. Waste production processes of these companies have similar characteristics to electronic equipment (WEEE). These wastes require proper disposal in order to minimize environmental impacts. Public policies and government programs could be the link to leveraging the reuse and recycling of waste from production processes of the electronics industry. This study examined how public policies contribute and encourage reuse and recycling process of waste generated in micro and small enterprises in the electronics industry. A multiple case study was conducted with 12 micro and small enterprises located in southern Brazil. It is observed that: (i) companies are unaware of the legislation on the treatment and disposal of waste; (ii) do not notice the presence of financial and non-financial incentives that could encourage reuse and recycling practices, (iii) their wastes are predominantly sell for the informal market of scrap; and, (iv) interviewers do not observe a proactive role of officials in charge of public policy. The current public policies for micro and small enterprises studied do not consider the needs of businesses. Besides, they are not easily accessible. Interviewers commented that laws are punitive instead of instructive. It was not observed stimuli to the articulation of each member of the production chains to induce the use of best practices of reuse and recycling processes. On the other hand, companies consider that their waste have little commercial value, which generates little commitment to seek information about reuse and recycling alternatives. Keywords: WEEE, electronic wastes, small and medium-sized enterprises, public policy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Public Politics: The Reality in the Practice of Management Agreements VIEIRA, L. L. (Ministry of Planning/UnB)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a new version of public policy for government transparency outlining their necessary functions in a context of economic globalization, to enable the fulfillment of social demands and the competitive insertion of Brazil in international markets. In this sense, were adjusted to the role of promoter and regulator of social and economic development and strengthening their capacity for formulating and evaluating public policies; The increase its governance, ie its ability to implement public policies, from the view point of efficiency , efficiency and effectiveness through the introduction of new organizational models and new partnerships with civil society, establishment of management contracts / agreements for management / partnership terms, and finally, the modernization of management. E-government includes three of the seven lines of action of the Information Society: Universal service, available to all Government and Advanced Infrastructure. And finally the System Integration and Intelligence Information Government i3-Gov, developed open platform. Thus, new trends are reflected in shared management and interagency involving the public sector, the productive sector and growing voluntary sector or third sector (Frey, 2002). Our waxed paper with the result presented by SICONV systems - Covenant of the Federal government, which adequately meet the assumptions of service and transparency, but needs improvement in regard to the participation of Government and assumption without state interference. Keywords: Transparency in government, new technologies and public service, government, information systems, e-Government [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Quality Control in Water Treatment Plant HONORATO, T. Z.; COSTANZI, R. N. (UFTPR)
|
Abstract: The increased demand for water in urban centers has caused greater concerns about the reliability of drinking water supply systems, specifically for quality and quantity of water distribution. The aspect of quality can be determined through appropriated operation in Water Treatment Plants (WTP), especially when using river s like a source of water. The variables monitored in this study at a conventional WTP were pH and turbidity. These variables can be considered as main parameters to check the performance and process control by statistical methods of quality, such as control charts and process capability indices. The calculation of process capability indices allows evaluating the performance of the process for the production of drinking water within limits specified by rules or laws. In this way, the performance of a WTP can be controlled by statistical process control to minimize the consumption of chemicals and the generation of excess sludge. This work applies statistical control techniques in a WTP in the city of Londrina. Keywords: Water treatment plant, quality control [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Rainwater Use in Modular Green Roof System for Application in Drainage Systems ARAÚJO, A. P. C. S.; PUZZI, L. C. M.; BALDIN, M. G.; SQUIZZATO, R.; SOTTI, G.; COSTANZI, R. N. (UFTPR)
|
Abstract: Nowadays, most of the cities are increasing their population combined with disorganized and unplanned urbanization. This fact leads to a change of soil use with serious consequences for urban drainage systems. Therefore, the flooding risk rises as well as the peaks flows in runoffs. Thereby the use of sustainable drainage techniques includes green roof systems to mitigate peak flows and capitalize on a portion of the rainwater. A modular green roof system was installed at Federal Technological University of Paraná in Londrina city. The system was examined over 47 days and were measured evapotranspiration and precipitation data, which the average of evapotranspiration was approximately 1.9 ± 0.93 mm.d-1. In the end it showed 94.57 mm of evapotranspiration, 191,3 mm of drainage with an accumulation of 6.83 mm and 292.7 mm of precipitation and irrigation. The reduction of the average volume of the drainage system was 46.4%. The modular green roof allows a significant reduction on the effective precipitation in the drainage system. Keywords: Rainwater, green roof, sustainable drainage techniques |
||
Reactive and Vat Dyestuff in the Dyeing of Cotton: A Review of Energy and Water Consumption, Ecological Analysis and Effluent Treatment ROSA, J. M.(UNICAMP/SENAI); TAMBOURGI, E. B.(UNICAMP); SANTANA, J. C. C.(UNINOVE); COSTA, M. (SENAI)
|
Abstract: This study compared
reactive dyestuffs and vat dyestuffs in the dyeing of cotton, evaluating the reuse of the
effluent generated, the ecological costs, as well as comparative testing for color fastness to water and perspiration
acid and alkaline. The experiments with vat dyestuffs showed slight advantage in ecological costs, generating less
molecules of carbon dioxide than the experiments conducted with reactive dyestuffs, lower consumption of energy,
greater possibility of reuse of treated effluent, which presented decolorization efficiency above 99% in all cases, in
addition to higher values in the wet fastness properties Keywords: Reacitve dyestuff, vat dyestuff, dyeing of cotton, ecological costs
|
||
Reasons for introducing Ecodesign: a case study in the automotive industry M. Borchardt (UNISINOS); L. A. C. Poltosi (Leonel Poltosi - RS); M. A. Sellitto; G. M. Pereira (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to present a case study in the automotive industry. The aim is to identify the reasons for introducing ecodesign techniques. Ecodesign searches for innovative solutions in designing and development of new products, taking into account, at the same time, environmental and economics issues along the life cycle of products, which can contribute to sustainability. The paper presents the research methodology and a review about ecodesign. Then, we describe the findings. The report contains some environmentally accepted practices in the automotive industry, the search for the motivation of the company for implementing ecodesign, and concludes with the process of implantation, design policies and a preliminary assessment of the results yielded. We remark that, due to technical difficulties with data-bases, the company has not yet implanted the life cycle analysis, which could be made along with the ecodesign. The paper closes off with final comments and directions for further research. Keywords: Ecodesign, life cycle analysis, green products, environmental management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Recovery of Heavy Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards through Microbiological Leaching, Using Consortia of Acidophilic Chemolithotrophic Bacteria MEJÍA RODRÍGUEZ, B. J.; BOSSIO CERPA, L. V.; ALBIS ARRIETA, A. R. (Universidad del Atlantico - Colombia); BARROS MARTÍNEZ, A. M.; MEDINA BUELVAS, A. M. (Universidad Libre - Colombia)
|
Abstract: An alternative to reduce environmental impact and cost in the extraction of metals from electronic waste is the use of bacterial leaching processes. In this work, the recovery of heavy metals from wasted printed circuits boards (WPCBs) of desktop computers through bacterial leaching processes has been investigated. Consortia of chemolithotrophic acidophilic bacteria were obtained from acid water and rocks from a local mining action, and from microorganisms isolated from WPCBs. We used X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify the amount of metals present in WPCBs before, during and after exposure with the isolated bacterial study consortia. Growth conditions of the microorganisms were studied, metal leaching rate present in the WPCBs by these consortia was determined under different conditions of pH, temperature and agitation in several bioassays. This study demonstrated the bioleaching of toxic metals such as lead, nickel and chromium, as well as other metals such as iron, calcium, zinc, manganese, copper, osmium, tantalum, platinum, and gold. Keywords: Bioleaching, heavy metals, chemolithotrophic bacteria, printed circuit boards (PCB), adaptation.
|
||
Recycable Waste Grinding Container SOUZA, M. C.; NORONHA, V. T.; SANTANA, R. C. A.; CARVALHO, P. S. G. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The growing concern of global organizations on environmental issues has generated discussions about methodologies and strategies that will ensure the sustainable development of enterprises and businesses. The strategy logistics business is a key factor in its success where seek continuous improvements related to environmental issues. In this context there is the opportunity to work in structuring reverse flows of products as a way to address these concerns. Reverse logistics is a key strategy for the organization that seeks to improve its image with consumers, sustainable development and economic advantages and is being developed by various global organizations. The objective is to bring consumers a product that not only meet their needs and aspirations, encourage the separation of recyclable waste and crushing them. It is also objective of this work, the awareness of the need to rethink attitudes and individual and collective actions that can provide sustainability of the planet. Keywords: Reverse logistics, grinding, separation of recyclable waste, environment, economic advantages |
||
Recyclability in Wind Power Area and the Consequent Economic and Environmental Impact LIMAD, W. G. N.; SILVA, M. L. P. (USP/CEETEPS)
|
Abstract: Wind power plays an important role as sustainable energy source, but some technical issues of wind power area can be a severe drawback on the development of wind farms in the short term. One important question is repairing of wind turbines, huge and high technological equipment which recycling poses crucial environmental and economic problems. Thus, this work aims for a better understanding of material balance and specification regarding recyclability and usability of wind turbines that suffer corrective maintenance. The applied methodology was the case study. The case study site chosen has a specific area only to deal with repairing and recycling. Process audit shows several steps that, if correctly managed, could save for recycling a large amount of metallic material. Considering the high cost of the discharged material, this can be an excellent opportunity for medium and small enterprises. Keywords: Wind power, waste minimization, flow analysis, industrial symbiosis
|
||
Recycling Management Considering the Dispersion of Supply Sources - Collection, Storing, Selection, Classification and Distribution of Waste Discarded Scrap for Reprocessing - A Study of Reverse Logistic E. Lopes (Independent Researcher) |
Abstract: Recycle management is seen here as a sector of reverse logistic. The author developed a conceptual work methodologically directed to organizational intelligence in the logistic field and so, in recycling management. The dispersion of supply source is the most important problem in this field, making management a complex activity dedicated to the optimization of distributed factors, that still escape control in spatial and temporal vectors. Such factors are attributed to human, equipment and materials. Recycling management problems become associated to knowledge management (KM) equated in a context of SCM – Supply Chain Management. Some device may facilitate objective reply and actions concerning who should get what, where, in what volume, with what operational means, where it should be stored, what actions should be executed in what location, how long this activity will take. It will also answer whether that should be an isolated activity or whether it should be articulated with others. The author points to the efficacy of organized models with special attention to his SGR that has as one of its most interesting applications the capacity to be a model of reference for the elaboration of corporative portal. The group of solutions for recycling management consists of three recommendations: 1 – to implant virtual community of agents or a corporative portal as a virtual social web; 2 – to adopt a new transport system combining, 3 - priority production cooperatives. Keywords: Recycling, reverse logistic, organizational intelligence, management, dispersion [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reduction in Generation of Scrap Metal by Internal Reuse and External Recycling at Serralheria Montanheza A. D. Bernardino (UNA), E. N. Aqua (Aquateck Associates Florida-USA), L. R. S. Vieira (SECTES)
|
Abstract: The Serralheria Montanheza (Montanheza Metalworks) is a microenterprise with 02 owners and 4 employees. The company produces thermo-acoustic roofing, both glass and polycarbonate, ladders, handrails of stainless steel and steel, fences, gates and doors. During the year 2010, data was collected from Serralheria Montanheza which resulted in this pioneering and innovative proposal in this sector. The data demonstrated the need for the implantation of the UNEP Cleaner Production Methodology (CP). The objective of this Case Study is to set up a segregated scrap metal collection program, in which the company would separate the different kinds of scrap metals generated during its production process for external recycling. The scrap metals would be delivered to “Bolsa de Resíduos da FIEMG” (The Residue Exchange of FIEMG). The program would generate new business opportunities, that is, strengthen the local metal recycling market, with the help of the private sector. There are different kinds of scrap metals in Serralheria Montanheza waste (stainless steel and steel) around 900 kg/year. The segregation process should be as efficient as possible to obtain maximum economic benefit. The average purchase prices of the scrap metal in the Belo Horizonte market, in November 2010, were: stainless steel series 400 at R$500,00/ton., stainless steel series 300 at R$2500,00/ton., and steel at R$150,00/ton. By segregating metallic residues it will be possible to quantify the volume and cost to Serralheria Montanheza. As a result, it will be possible to identify the best opportunities for business in the exchange market. Currently, Serralheria Montanheza gets no revenue from scrap metals sales, as there is no segregation program and these metals have been donated. By using the scrap metal segregation tool, the company might have earned, for example, R$148,92/year at November 2010 price quotes. This revenue would represent around 35% of one monthly energy bill of Serralheria Montanheza. An indicator would be used to track and evaluate scrap metal generation. This indicator will be called The Scrap Metal Generation Indicator and will measure by kilogram of scrap metal/kilogram of stainless steel and steel. Keywords: Cleaner Production, scrap metal, indicator, recycling and business [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reduction In Waste Of Firewood And Raw Material Applying The Methodology Of Cleaner Production In The Sector Of Red Ceramic In Seridó Region E. P. Almeida; L. R. Porto; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; A. F. F. Queiroga (CEPIS-PB); I. Costa (IFET-PB)
|
Abstract: This work shows and discusses the outcome of opportunities for cleaner production in 05 Potteries located in Seridó - RN, precisely in the region of Carnauba dos Dantas, using the cleaner production methodology. Due to the amount of waste that occurs in the red ceramic industry, this study aims at map ping opportunities for cleaner production, generating improvement options for the identified opportunities to support the implementation of these options and show a reduction in the consumption of firewood on that region. The stages consisted of advice from a rapid diagnosis, awareness meeting, measurements, generation of options and action plan. Data logger, pyrometers, Digital Pliers and Dynamometer were used to the step of measurements in order to quantify losses and consumption and the behavior of the burning curve. The results show that all companies had potential for improvement, especially in the following aspects: the preparation of clay, the burning process, in electric power consumption and the large amount of rewor. It was concluded that the predicted total environmental benefit (reduction in consumption), due to the changes in the process was: 3.546 st of firewood; With good operating practices: 1340 st of firewood; improvement in the control of the process was: 216 st of firewood. Keywords: Red ceramic, cleaner production, energetic efficiency [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Re-engineering Process to Reach Sustainability in Laboratories of the University of Sonora J. Esquer, K. Pérez-Gámez, N. E. Munguía (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: There are several ways to contribute to sustainability in higher education institutions. One of them is the implementation of programs for handling hazardous wastes and materials that reduce or eliminate the impacts on health and the environment in laboratories and workshops. This paper presents a research on Mexican universities environmental programs that are integrated into the Mexican Consortium Universities Environmental Programs for Sustainable Development (COMPLEXUS) and in the Institutional Program of Environmental Health and Safety of University of Sonora (PISSA-UNISON), to know the tendencies in the management of hazardous materials and wastes and to propose recommendations to improve this line of action of PISSA-UNISON. In addition, a survey to laboratories users to diagnose their knowledge about general aspects of sustainability and safe management of hazardous materials and wastes on campus was conducted to this end. The students, who had taken environmental, health and safety and sustainability courses, and professors, were interviewed. Results showed deficiencies on safety and pollution prevention practices in laboratories. A plan to improve safety in laboratory practices under PISSA-UNISON framework was proposed to strengthen this program as a contribution towards sustainability. Greater institutional support and agglutination of isolated efforts are considered essential to achieve sustainability on campus. Keywords: Sustainability, PISSA-UNISON, Hazardous wastes and materials, Environmental Programs, Sustainable Development |
||
Reflection on the Concept of Sustainability and its Completeness Proposition COSTA, H. K. M.; SIMÕES, A. F.; SANTOS, E. M.; BECK, R. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: From the ECO-92 the term sustainability has been used in all international meetings and entered definitely on the agenda of commitment of various organizations and companies. However, apparently, the concept of sustainability remains elusive in terms of limits and scope. The objective of this research paper is to introduce a discussion of the concept of sustainability. Thus, from a rescue of its meaning and verification of the fluidity of its contents, the paper pointed to the absence of a clear conceptual systematization. This scenario allows the expansion of its content. Although, it also can cover up problems that society and its agents do not want to deal with. From an initial connection with the biological sciences and the physical limitations of the Earth, the definition of sustainability penetrated the economic model of production for contesting the legacy of the current generations for the future generations. Therefore, the argumentative method proposes the expansion of the dimensions of sustainability for completeness. It is proposed that the sustainability meaning encompasses in its content the ethical commitment of the present generation. The argument built aims to put the sustainability in front of the oneness and wholeness of the human species. It is in this sense an individual responsibility and social commitment. The human being is regarded as the focus of analysis and within an integral perspective, or better, completeness, incorporating four dimensions: social, environmental, economic, and worldview. The conclusion shows the integral sustainability is the awakening of human beings to their potential and the expansion of their "inner self". It is the assumption of individual responsibility, from the perception of acting locally to the globally. The integral sustainability considers the personal attitude that expands towards each other, the environment and the planet Earth. Keywords: Sustainability integral, individual responsibility, social commitment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Reflections on the Concept of Sustainability, its Adjectivies and Human Unity COSTA, H. K. M.; WEBER, N. A. B.; MOUTINHO DOS SANTOS, E. (USP)
|
Abstract: Using of the term sustainability appears in our times as one of the words most in vogue in society. The term appears in various branches of society and spreads itself by various social, political and economic sectors. It can also find a clear correlation between sustainability and practices that protect the environment. Also, there is the correlation between sustainability and the discussion of the improvement of human and social relations, with a focus on reducing poverty and marginalization. The term also has ample space in the theoretical constructions of the natural sciences. Ultimately, what is sustainability? In order to contribute to the elucidation of this issue, this paper, through the descriptive, historical and normative methods, seeks to understand epistemologically the term sustainability. Then, it finds out the evolution of the adjectives over time, as well as its content in the context of the physical limitations of the earth. Finally, the paper makes up a reflection on human integrity and sustainability. Keywords: Epistemology of Sustainability, adjectives of Sustainability, Human Uniqueness [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reflections on the Management of Household Hazardous Waste in the Context of Urban Environment Policy FREY, M. R. (UNISC); FREY, I. A. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: This work aims to contribute to the reflection on the management of household hazardous waste, specifically fluorescent lamps, harmless to the home user while intact. The problem is the inadequate handling and disposal of these bulbs, once they contain mercury, which is extremely harmful to health and the environment. The methodology used was the bibliographic research exploratory descriptive of qualitative approach, seeking to identify and discuss the legislation on the subject: fluorescent lamps. In legal terms, to support the discussion, it was analyzed the urban environmental policy of the City Statute and the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS, in Portuguese) established by Law n. 12.50/10. Although Brazil has a regulatory framework for solid waste management on an equal level to the main developed countries, it was observed that environmental laws do not guarantee the effectiveness of local actions, necessary for the proper disposal of fluorescent lamps as well as other household hazardous waste. Keywords: Household waste. PNRS.Urban Environmental Policy.Disposal of fluorescent lamps [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Rehabilitation Program of the Central Area of São Paulo (Procentro) and its Influence on the Formation of Heat Island W. M. La Rubbia, A. R. de Aquino (IPEN/CNEN)
|
Abstract: The city of São Paulo passed through five major urbanizations since 1825 until today that intensified land use over urban climate. Since 1960 the central region goes into a process of decay, and in 2002 is being launched Rehabilitation Program of the Central Area of São Paulo (Procentro) to reverse this situation through assistance distributed by the Districts of the República and Sé and that taking into consideration environmental issues, reduce the intensity of the heat island of São Paulo. Keywords: Urbanizations, land use, heat island [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Relationship Time Sintering on Densification and Electrical Conductivity in a Fuel Cell MELO JÚNIOR, A. S. (USP/UNIP); MUCCILLO, E. N. S. (USP)
|
Abstract: The cerium-gadoliny solid solution has been extensively investigated for application to cells in solid oxide fuel operating at intermediate temperatures. In this work, we used nano crystalline cerium containing 10mol % of gadoliny. The main objectivewas to investigatethe effect ofsintering timeon themicrostructure and electricalcharacteristicsofsolid electrolytes. Cylindrical sampleswere prepared by compaction followed by sintering at 1200ºC for different holding times. The linear shrinkage was obtained by dilatometry measures and key aspects of the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of electrical conductivity were performed on selected samples. The average grain size for all samples remained in the sub-micrometer range. The conductivity of grain boundaries depends on the sintering time, but the rate of heating, while the conductivity of the grains showed no significant differences. Keywords: Fuel cells, cerium-gadoliny, sintering [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Remanufacturing process for mechanical transmissions of commercial vehicles: Case study in automotive company TUNES, G.; HANDA, J.; GERALDI, R.; COOPER, R. E.; ANHOLON, R. (UNICAMP); GRANADA, L. F. (Universidad Libre - Colombia)
|
Abstract: The growing need for companies to adapt to a highly competitive market in relation to prices and environmental issues makes them look for alternatives that were previously not needed or well exploited. In this sense, the remanufacturing process has been explored by companies aiming to increase not only profit but also trying to generate a positive ecological impact. The automobile company, for this case study, has had a remanufacturing process for commercial vehicle transmissions for some years, but through commercial indexes, it saw the need to update this process. Indicators of sales losses, prohibitive cost of the remanufactured part and deadlines above the market in delivery of remanufactured transmissions motivated the project in question, which aims to diversify the medium as the company interacts with its target audience. Through a market analysis, preliminary product evaluation and remanufacturing product recall process improvements were studied in the current process. The main improvement implemented was a more detailed analysis and subdivided into levels of repairs guaranteeing greater productivity, lower cost and time in the response to the final customer. The process of communicating with distributors has also been stepped up to better ensure product evaluation and timely delivery. In short, better and more effective processes, communication channels and greater differentiation of products for remanufacturing were the points executed and the results expected in this project. Keywords: Remanufacturing; sustainable life cycle; Mechanical transmissions; Automotive industry. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Removal of Lead (Pb) by the Rhizofiltration Technique Using Thitonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (False Sunflower) Plants DE LA CRUZ MONTOYA, E. (Instituto Universitário de la Paz - Colombia); CABANZO OLARTE, A. C. (University of Cauca - Colombia); OSPINO COSSIO, W. J.; CEBALLOS OTALVAREZ, K. D. (Instituto Universitário de la Paz - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Waters contamination by heavy metals represents a environmental problem due to its high toxicity for both humans and the environment. Heavy metals tend to accumulate because of their resistance to degradation. The vegetable species Thitonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, was used for the removal the lead (Pb) in a synthetic solution using the rhizofiltration technique in two different germination ages 2 and 4 months with three different concentrations of the heavy metal 20, 15 and 10 mg / L. The Thitonia diversifolia species proved to be efficient in the removal of lead with greater than 90% for the two germination ages evaluated. The highest amount of lead was concentrated in the roots. This becausenthe False sunflower belongs to the dicotyledonous class and according to bibliographic review these accumulate significantly high amounts of lead in the roots. Keywords: Rhizofiltration, lead, tithonia diversifolia, removal.
|
||
Renewable and Sustainable Clean Energy Technology Managment of Biomass Waste for Fuel and Food SANTOS, J. M.; PANNIRSELVAM. P. V.; TAMIL, S. S.; VIKASH K. (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Sustainable Development using waste disposal problems should reach acceptable limit of technology impact within the period of assured economic coverage. then also the obtained results of the project developed need to be more relevant that can be used in real scale evaluations bioeconomy from waste.Energy demand and the price for energy is increasing day by day everywhere as global economic problems. Renewable energy from waste is one of the alternative source which can be use parallel to conventional energy resources. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution using principle of closed loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows. This paper deals with tools and methods used to make the small process system design for power and gas production , and also the process optimization for waste minimization using biodrying, biomethanation and bioscrubbing integrated to autothermal gasification process developments.The overall objective of the project is to make possible an internationally oriented collaborative Brazil and India research competency in biomass waste based zero emission biofuel technology with co-products valorization. The project aim is also to study both technological feasibility and economic prospects for new zero emission waste to power .Also the power to biomethane gas was focused with the help of networking and big data of integrated digital incubator of process technology researchers. viable projects design development using google online real time team work using google online tools The system design use Bio thermal process, hydrogen and methane biofuels and internal combustion (IC) engine. For this problem an integrated system, industrial and ecological using the clean Small Integrated Process Systems (SIPS) was used.The Zero Waste,, cleaner product design and green chemistry concept was also applied to the process design using the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the wastes.The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows made possible using google spreadsheet and software superpro designer v.4.9.New synergetic concepts of integrated closed loop innovative bio thermal process system have been developed in this work for the integration of renewable power methane plants in biogas plants as wel as bio electrcity power. Pyrolysis system integrated with fuel cell need more investment compared to internal exhaust engine heat recovery systems l as well as bioelectrcity, biogas, feed for animal from micro algae .Thus this integrated biosystem developed will improve the bio economy local development based on the aquatic plants to reduce significantly carbon using the solar energy available in tropical country. Keywords: Bioenergy, biogas, biosystem, Bioeletrcity, biohydrogen. |
||
Renewables Energies in Colombia and the Opportunity for the Offshore wind Technology RUEDA-BAYONA, J.G. (Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Colombia); GUZMÁN-GUERRERO, F.A. (Universidad del Norte - Colombia); CABELLO, J.J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); SILVA-CASARÍN, R.S. (UNAL - Mexico); BASTIDAS-ARTEAGA, E. (Université de Nantes); HORRILLO-CARABALLO, J.H. (Swansea University - UK)
|
Abstract: This paper displays a review of the literature which shows international actions that have motivated different countries to establish strategies to reduce C02 emissions and the high dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, advances and challenges of the offshore wind energy (OWE) are presented through the experiences of several countries. The administrative framework of the renewable energy, the potential of marine energy, and the needs and opportunities of Colombia are shown. The present document gathers technical, economic, administrative and legal information of the renewable energies in Colombia that may be used for taking decisions of different stakeholders. Keywords: Wind energy, offshore, renewable energy, Colomiba, marine energy.
|
||
Renewal of the Fleet of City Buses: Reduction of Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts RAYMUNDO, H. (UNIP/ANTP); REIS, J.G.M. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This article describes the current stage of studies developed by the Environment Committee of the National Association of Public Transportation — ANTP, whose goal is to estimate the magnitude of the impacts, in terms of reduced emissions of local pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, resulting from the replacement of the current urban fleet of conventional diesel buses in Brazilian cities for less polluting vehicles and lower energy consumption, represented by technological and energy alternatives available commercially. In addition, shows an application of the methodology developed by the Commission to simulate a replacement program of urban bus fleet of the city of São Paulo. The results of this simulation show that the replacement of the fleet by less polluting vehicles and lower energy consumption would reduce in 73% the emission of CO, 90% of HC, 71% of NOx, 92% of MP and in 26% of CO2 emissions. Keywords: City bus, vehicular technology, environmental impact, public transport, transportation planning [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Reuse of Management and Recycling Construction Materials: Identification of the Main Waste and Legal Interpretation of the Standarts of Reuse and Recycling MATUCK, C. A. P.; ADAMI, F. A. C.; CAMARGO, M.; SANTOS, M. G. F.; GIORDANO, F. (UNISANTA)
|
Abstract: The present work seeks, under the light of the National Solid Waste Policy, Resolutions of CONAMA and Sparse Legislation, to identify the main waste produced by the Brazilian Civil Construction Industry and its harmful action. The study aims to evaluate, in a general way, the need of saving raw materials to avoid waste disposal. A legal interpretation is made of the applicability of the general rules on classification of waste, itsmanagement, reuse, recycling, transportation, packaging and final destination. Keywords: Environmental Management of Civil Construction Waste, Environmental Impacts of Civil Construction, Construction Pollution, Materials Saving in Civil Construction, Recycling of Construction Materials, Reuse of Civil Construction Materials [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reuse of Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate in the Construction Industry MARQUES, D. V. (UNISUL); BARCELOS, R. L. (SENAC); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL)
|
Abstract: There is an increasing demand for polyethylene terephthalate from the beverage sector like in water, oil, and soft drink packaging, which implicates the need to give a suitable destination to waste PET bottles. In order to attribute value to this material, more and more new means of re-use are being sought. For that purpose, we carried out a bibliographic study on new insulating materials for buildings with use of PET residue and an estimation of its potential to replace Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) used as thermal and sound insulation for slabs. We found polyurethane composites with the incorporation of 35% and 45% of PET and alumina trihydrate, which may be an option as a thermal and sound insulation because they meet the Brazilian standards, presenting adequate behavior in the horizontal burning rate test and mechanical compressive strength. It was estimated that between 14 to 18 tons of PET were recycled in Brazil in 2012. Of the total Brazilian production of PET in 2012, a production between 14 and 18 thousand tons of PET was estimated. The incorporation of PET into a new material increases the percentage of recycling and provides gains for the environment and society, thus reducing the amount of waste and contributing to cleaner production dissemination. Keywords: Recycling, Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyurethane, construction industry |
||
Reuse Of Water And Process Waste From The Dairy Industry - L. F. W. Brum; L. C. O. Santos Júnior; S. Benedetti (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Dairy industry is an activity of great importance in the global economy, and in Brazil, the seventh largest producer. This sector has lived with the consumption of water for cleaning, which represents more than 80% of the demand for water in agro industries and subsequently treated in waste treatment system. Some suggestions were made to decrease the pollution potential of the effluentof the dairy industry, by proposing the inclusion of a technology using membranes, as part of the process, seeking the recovery and concentration of milk solids in the rinse water from the first equipment, and application of these solids in the manufacture of products derived from milk source and water from the permeate water as the return of industrial process, considering the volume of production of UHT milk and cream of the dairy industry at large to Carazinho / RS - Brazil. To minimize the generation of effluents, one of the main roads is the reuse of water and incorporated into the plant. Treat the surplus of production may not only allow its reuse, but its recovery through the recovery of protein and fat for later incorporation. The fractionation of the dairy effluent through the use of technology for separation membranes in permeates and reject suggests the use of two currents. A promising alternative is the use of this concentrate, rich in protein and fat in dairy products, replacing them is part of the raw material for this concentrate. The use of wastewater as the process is possible through its return to water for cleaning. The reduction of the volume released and minimizing the load of the effluent are the main advantages of applying this type of technology in the dairy industry. Assuming the volume of production of the dairy industry from large to Carazinho / RS - Brazil, the volume of effluent to be removed from the TEE would be approximately 435,200 L / day and shall have the reintegration of about 130,500 L / day of reclaimed wastewater in the industrial process. Moreover, the insertion of soluble solids recovered in a line of dairy sugar products as an ingredient partial leverage the economic benefit through a production of approximately 304,700 L / day of waste milk. Keywords: Dairy industry, reuse, effluent, milk industry wastewater, membranes [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reverse Flow of Scrap Tires in the City of Santos J. A. Yemal, N. O. V. Teixeira, C. G. Rodrigues (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper describes a fairly unexplored area of Business Logistics, Reverse Logistics. Dealing with the reverse distribution channel, "reverse flow", is the direct opposite of the chain, from materials unusable or post-consumer or post-sale in order to add value in many different ways, by return cycle productive. The scrap tires are one of the products that most cause disorder communities and the environment if not a suitable target. As the retail industry the last link in the supply chain to final consumers, shall be those retailers a tool that is helping significantly to the reuse of scrap tires. Given the principles required by increasingly stringent laws regarding disposal of scrap tires to the environment. By forming an instrumental research based on concepts described in this paper attempt to identify the process of proper disposal of scrap tires by the authorized dealer of tires in the city of Santos. Keywords: Reverse logistics, environment, scrap tires [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Reverse Logistic: Destination of Expanded Polystyrene Expanded (Isopor®) Post Consumption from a Catarinense Industry F. H. C. Chagas, A. L. Berretta-Hurtado, C. A. K. Gouvêa (SOCIESC)
|
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze the disposal ways of expanded polystyrene residues (EPS) at an industry located in Barra Velha – SC, focusing economical, legal and ecological aspects obtained with the application of reverse logistics concepts. Then a case study was carried out seeking to quantify the EPS used by the company. As a main result, it was verified that all EPS residue had the industrial landfill as a destination after production process utilization, and a better alternative was studied in order to dispose this material. Therefore, economical, legal and environmental values were added for both company and society. Keywords: Reverse logistic, EPS, discharge [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reverse Logistic Implementation: First Phase of Sao Paulo State Experience RIBEIRO, F. M. (CETESB); KRUGLIANSKAS, I. (USP)
|
Abstract: Reverse Logistics is part of most modern waste policies throughout the world. Considered essential in expanding the recycling rates for many waste streams, is a fundamental tool for creating means of restoring to the productive sectors various products and post-consumer packaging as raw material. Within this context, the present researchdetails a case study of São Paulo State, Brazil, which since 2010 has implemented a deployment strategy of reverse logistics through pilot projects with business sectors, using as an instrument an agreement called “Terms of Commitment”. After presenting the regulatory environment, the article describes the vision and the strategies adopted for the first phase of this initiative, then detailing how the Terms have been established and demonstrating the results to date, including the consolidation of the evaluation of participants in 13 meetings conducted at 2014. At the end these results are analyzed and the outlook for the second phase of the initiative is presented. Keywords: Reverse logistics, waste management, extended-producer responsibility, environmental regulation, environmental public policy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Reverse Logistics in Practice: Economic Study of Returnable Packing on the Transport of Machined Engine Heads G. W. S. Renó, O. M. S. Truzzi (UFSCar), G. Sevegnani (SOCIESC), D. A. L. Silva (USP)
|
Abstract: The environmental subject is increasing on customers discussions for the last years, due to a huge increase on ecologic mindset on societies. New legal rules covering environmental are being developed as new technologies and new materials that are making reverse logistics an important subject on actual days. The proposal of this paper is to explain the reverse logistics applied on machined engine heads being transported from a company in Joinville, Santa Catarina state in Brazil to Peterborough in United Kingdom, using disposable packing materials. This situation has generated many problems when disposing the wastes generated by the packing on the final customer and it’s involved environment. The target of this paper is to present results from an economic study based on a new reverse logistic system developed with the usage of returnable and reusable packing system. The technical procedure adopted was the case study and data collection to complete the necessities previewed on the economical study. As results of the study made in Brazil the researchers could identify that the practice of reverse logistics and reusable materials brought a significant result on the concept of more resistant packing systems. It also allowed a reduction on the generation of disposables materials on the final customer, allowing a lower environmental impact and costs reduction. Keywords: Returnable packing; enviromental impact; reverse logistics [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Reverse Logistics of Electronic Equipment Waste: A Comparative Evaluation of Regulatory Instruments BARBOZA, M. R.; GONÇALVES, R. F. A. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Considering the environmental issues related to e-waste caused by excessive consumption and early disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment - EEE, this paper aims to analyze the regulatory instruments in force for ewaste management, in Brazil and in selected geographies with a higher incidence of e-waste (USA, China India, Japan and EU Members States). The comparison matrix is presented and, within this context, Brazil appears as the second in terms of number of regulatory instruments, however, with unknown recycling rate. As a contrast example, Japan and EU Member, with few regulatory instruments, stand out in recycling rates, proving their effectiveness. For instance, the European EPR system (Extended Producer Responsibility) as such, it serves as a basis for creation regulations in many other countries. This work can conclude that it is not the amount of regulatory instruments that influence the rates of return, but its effectiveness. This paper is theoretical and based on the results of literature reviews. Keywords: EEE, E-waste, REEE, Regulatory Instruments, Reverse Logistics [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
REVIEW ARTICLE. Reconsidering some of the Earth`s Biophysical Limits to the Long Term Sustainable Development of Humanity HARIZAJ, P. (Agricultural University of Tirana-Albania)
|
Abstract: Humans' existence as living organisms depends on some essential natural resources and ecosystem services. On the other side, nature has a certain speed of regenerating its resources required by humans. That`s why the nature`s speed of resource recovery should be taken in consideration by economic activities that use these resorces directly or indirectly, as it might be fun damental for the long term sustainable development of humanity. This requires the quantitative definition of the Earth`s biophysical limits that are crucial for the existence of life and monitoring of these limits by identifying the proper indicators of the Earth` performance. Keywords: Long term sustainability, Earth`s biophysical limits, Earth`s performance indicators
|
||
Role of Culture Medium in Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis: Details BASMAJI, P. (Innovatec's); OLYVEIRA, G. M. (UNESP/Innovatec's); COSTA, L. M. M. (Innovatec's/UFABC); FILHO, L. X. (Innovatec's); CORDOBA, C. V. (Complutense University of Madrid-Spain)
|
Abstract: Bacterial Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important applied biochemical processes in biology. In order to explain the detailed molecular events of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis, we discuss in this work, the different steps required for bacterial cellulose formation and crystallization from sugar cane and honey. The potential of organisms to produce biocellulose fibers was analysed. After fermentation bioprocess change new morphological and thermal properties were obtained. Keywords: Applied biotechnology, bacterial cellulose production, fermentation process, nanobiocomposites
|
||
S |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Safe Thermal Decomposition of Organochloride Pesticides by Submerged Oxidation in Molten Salts LAINETTI, P. E. O. (IPEN-CNEN/SP)
|
Abstract: This study was motivated by the current interest in the world in the development of advanced processes for waste decomposition, category in which the process described herein is inserted. This interest stems from the need for safer processes for the decomposition of some waste s, particularly those deemed hazardous or present significant impact on the environment. The technology developed fits into this principle and it is applicable for intrinsically safe disposal of hazardous organic wastes, particularly the organochloride, whose degradation has presented problems when using the most common methods, such as incineration. Pesticides banned, obsolete or discarded constitute a serious environmental risk around the world, especially in developing countries. The HCHS, or Hexachlorcyclohexanes also called BHC or Lindane, a reorganochloride insecticides that have been banned in most countries in the 70s and 80s. It is one of the compounds that constitute the group of so-called POPs, or persistent organic pollutants that are regulated internationally by the Basel Convention. Among the major POPs could be cited pesticides, dioxins and PCBs that represent, according to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization - UNIDO, one of the most serious and urgent problems to be faced, because on the one hand, its wide dissemination in environment and, secondly, because of its properties and characteristics, which determine its persistence in soil and water. The United Nations Environmental Protection - UNEP, for example, launched a global action for the establishment of an international treaty to reduce and / or eliminate emissions and discharges of 12 specific POPs, also known as "dirty dozen" (Al rin, Chlordane, Mirex, Dieldrin, DDT, Dioxins, Furans, PCBs, Endrin, Heptachlor, Toxaphene and BHC), besides the adoption of scientific criteria for the possible inclusion of others. The molten salt oxidation is a process which promotes a more complete and safer decomposition of wastes considered critical, such as POPs, obsolete chemicals, extremely energetic compounds (propellants and explosives), etc.. In this process, the waste and oxidant (air or oxygen enriched air) are mixed below the surface of a turbulent bed of molten salts. The oxidation process occurs at temperatures lower than those of conventional incineration, but associated with the liquid phase reactions that occur, they are sufficient to promote complete and safe decomposition of hazardous wastes, particularly the organochlorides. In this case, the chlorine reacts with the sodium to form sodium chloride, which is retained in the salt bath. In this paper, we describe the activities of construction and development of a molten salt react or for decomposition of hazardous wastes, as well as present some results from the decomposition of pesticides. Keywords: Thermal, decomposition, pesticides, molten, salts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Saving Productive Resources through Simulation Models Studies M. S. Nogueira Neto (UNIP); R. C. Barros (FEI); J. B. Sacomano; J. L. A. Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The necessity of sending goods produced in several different geographical positions highlights the logistics strategy so that the involved costs may become minimized. The presented study points the importance of the knowledge about simulation, using it as a support tool for the decision in the transport logistics, focusing the size of a truck’s fleet. It will be added the concept of simulation with the logistics strategy, intending to improve the way of spending the resources. The research develops in a highway transporter loads station. Through simulation the actual results will be compared to the supposed one. The productivity increase in the use of different transportation ways reflects positively in the environmental preservation reducing the energy and raw materials consumption used in the production of these equipments and the fuels to move them. Keywords: Simulation, logistic, environmental preservation, productivity [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Scientific Requirements Analysis Focusing the Environmental Dimension of BM&FBOVESPA ISE and Sustainability Indicators Published in Annual Business Sustainability Reports C. A. Di Agustini, L. P. Vendrametto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is a conditio sine qua non for the survival of man on Earth, and economic growth has been antagonistic to the maintenance of life on the planet. Even the stock market reflects this dichotomous condition by the performance of the market value of companies classified as sustainable in BM&FBOVESPA (Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e futuros). The performance of the ISE (Corporate Sustainability Index) from 2005 to 2010 was 6.30% lower than the Ibovespa. The analysis of adherence of the requirements of Pulselli et al. with the ISE with annual environmental sustainability reports of participating companies shows that only 12.5% of the requirements are met in annual sustainability reports/2009 from participating companies. Scientific requirements are essential for assessing current conditions, compare trends, provide warning information and anticipate future conditions. Although the ISE is founded on a scientific basis recognized by the international community (requirement F), only 15.63% of participating companies have published such requirement in their annual sustainability reports/2009. A survey of non-probability convenience scanning showed that almost all the investors sustainability indicators are relevant in investment decisions and that the ISE is a leading indicator of sustainability of companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA. Of the 32 companies participating in the ISE that published sustainability reports / Annual 2009, only 12% of indicators have shown a correlation with the requirements of Pulselli et al. This may be a contributing factor to the underperformance relative to the ISE Bovespa index. Sustainability indicators that employ scientific criteria, practical tools and friendly communication can be crucial to aggregate and quantify information about sustainability (complex phenomenon) in a relevant way so that the significance becomes more apparent, thus improving the communication process with stakeholders in the process. Keywords: Sustainability, indicators, ISE and BMF&BOVESPA [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Searching Cleaner Production through Lean Production: Case Studies in Foundry Industries MANZAN, R.; CAMPANA, R. C. (POLI-USP); DE BARROS, T. R. (PSA Peugeot Citroën-SP); MIYAKE, D. I. (POLI-USP)
|
Abstract: The advancements towards the sustainable development have been too slow in all industrial sectors. The
contribution in this directionon part of manufacturing industries frequently stumbles in constraints related to
increase in costs and loss of competitiveness. The
Cleaner Production (CP) approach that nurtures more
sustainable practices focused in manufacturing processes provides an important alternative to overcome
this
situation. This paper contemplates the relation between the principles of CP andpractices of lean production, with
the purpose to indicate tools for manufacturing industries that can facilitate the search for sustainable
development, without requiringthe establishment of
a specific and costly structure for supporting this. As in the
struggleto accomplish productivity gains, manufacturing firms rationalize their production with lean production
practices, theycan benefit from the tools and structure of this production approach to also incorporate the goals of CP. Keywords: Cleaner production, lean production, foundry, case studies, environmental control management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Segregation of Waste Health Services as a Cleaning Production Process: Case Study of the 7th Region of São Paulo State E. M. Paveloski; J. Hamada (UNESP-Bauru)
|
Abstract: This paper addresses to the importance of correct segregation of Waste Health Services (RSS) like main factor of the practice of the cleaner production inside the generators enterprises, and examines through the case study, the situation of the Waste Health Services in the region of the CODER ((Council of Regional Economic Development) that has Bauru as a headquarter. The objective was to improve data, evaluate the current situation and the issue of Waste Health Services ant the influence of the correct segregation. To complete these objectives, the analysis by the author lead to a picture of the current status of health waste services in the region, exposing the weaknesses of laws, that includes mainly the major producers and the low qualification of the workforce, and, in consequence, reduces the issues and discussions about the quality by process of segregation, and, in the final destination, the environmental problems. Keywords: Waste Health Services, Health Services Management, Regional Research [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Selection Process Theoretical Framework: Environmental Performance Evaluation A. C. Trierweiller, B. C. S. Peixe, L. M. S. Campos, A. C. Bornia (UFSC) |
Abstract: On the approach of the research problem, we seek through an exploratory study to assemble a set of papers on the theoretical framework to analyze their adherence to the research objectives; to allow the identification of the state of the art on a specific theme. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper are: (a) create, from a structured process, an initial base of articles examining the topic environmental performance and (b) identify opportunities for research on this topic. This survey and selection of articles was based on bibliometric criteria defined in the methodology. As a result of the proposed methodology it was possible to define a set of articles to identify trends and existing research on the environmental performance evaluation. The main opportunities found are related to the process for identifying criteria for measuring environmental performance and search for custom models, taking into account the specificities of each context. As for future work in the study of environmental performance assessment, it is suggested to expand this systemic analysis, including detailed examination of 13 articles of the portfolio as well as their references and the making of the citation map, and by consulting specialists in the environment area for a qualitative analysis of selected articles and their references. Keywords: Bibliometric Criteria, evaluation of environmental performance, environmental performance indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Search for Competitive Advantage through the Implementation of Environmental Management Systems SOUZA, V. F.; OLIVEIRA, C. F. B.; PEREIRA, H. D.; PINTO, E. M.; PAVELOSKI, E. M. (Universidade Sagrado Coração)
|
Abstract: The search for sustainable competitive advantage includes the adoption of environmentally correct practices in order to achieve a green consumer who opts choosing besides the price / quality ratio, companies environmentally friend. This study aimed to identify, through the application of a Survey and interviews with open and closed questions, what are the main factors that drive organizations in the search for the implementation of Environmental Management Systems as a form of differentiation and competitive advantage. The questionnaires covered questions about the benefits gained from their implementation. As a result more noticeable, was observed a counterpoint to the common sense that the companies have previously environmental concerns for the decisions of search for certifications. The great majority of the administrators related that the decisions are in the first instance directed to the increase of the capacity of new contracts that properly related to environmental factors as they should. With regard to environmental management tools, the study found that these are used to raise business opportunities by strengthening the competitiveness of their companies. The work shows that the implementation and certification of the environmental management systems, present several competitive benefits and reinforce the image of the companies in the increasingly demanding market scenario. Keywords: Competitiveness, Green Consumer, Environmental Marketing, Environmental Management System, Competitive Advantage [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Selective Waste Collection as a Public Policy Tool: The Sorocaba/SP Experience G. V. B. Simões (UNIP), J. L. Ferraz (UNISO), S. D. Mancini (UNESP), S. H. Bonilla (UNIP), W. A. Bizzo (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This study has the objective of demonstrating the implantation experience and evolution of a selective waste collection program performed in a Brazilian city of approximately 600.000 inhabitants – Sorocaba/SP. The “Selective Waste Collection Program – Recycling Lives” begun in the year of 2007 and was incorporated as a city public policy means through the execution of Partnership Terms between the Public Administration and the Civil Organizations involved and through the insertion of the program as a Priority Program for the Municipal Government. To carry out the research a document investigation was brought about in order to expose information about the city legislation regarding local public policies related to selective waste collection and to obtain documents and data related to the evolution of the program. Moreover, a field research involving visits to the recycling cooperatives was conducted to obtain real data relevant to the collection and sorting of the materials, the work methods applied and the results obtained by each of the cooperatives involved with the system. The studies performed show that the evolution process of the program can be characterized by three well-defined stages. The first concerns the legal and institutional compilation of the program and the start of the cooperatives’ operational activities. The second involves the mechanization of the system, which resulted in a growth in the selective waste collection’s productivity. The third stage is defined by a productive expansion of the system, which promoted significant growth in profit and in the number of workers in the selective waste collection Program. Keywords: Recycling, selective waste collection, recycling cooperatives, municipal public policies [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sensibility Analysis of Biodiesel use in a Commercial Bamboo Plantation in Alternative to Diesel Oil GHELMANDI NETTO, L. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: In Ghelmandi Netto 2009 and Ghelmandi Netto, et. al., 2012, a Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) was applied in a northeastern commercial bamboo plantation - located in Maranhão state - focused on paper production. The MCE has shown that the diesel oil is one of the inputs more required during the whole plantation lifespan - 25 years. This work proposes a sensibility analysis, replacing the diesel oil used in the bamboo plantation for biodiesel, considered a 'cleaner' input. This sensibility analysis aims to analyze the effects and impacts of this replacement. Nowadays the mandatory determination of Brazilian government is that the diesel oil sold must have 8% of biodiesel (B8 mixture). The other scenarios, that compound the sensibility analysis in addition of B8 mixture, are B25, B75 and B100 mixtures. Keywords: Sensibility analysis, bamboo plantation, multicriteria evaluation, biodiesel, diesel oil [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Shellfish Clams use Possibility D. Chierighini, R. Bridi, A. A. da Rocha, K. R. Lapa (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The Santa Catarina State is the main bivalve shellfish producer in Brazil. The total production (mussels, oysters, scallops) of 2009 was 12,462 tons. The Florianópolis is the city with the major shellfish production with 1,301 tons with 76.6% of the state oysters production and 3.12 tons and 57% of the scallops production. The mussels production corresponds to 558 tons and represents 5.25% of the state production. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main material of the shells and it is the base material for several products. The waste of these shells results in a great waste of materials. This waste can promote the development of animals and insects that can transmit illness and environmental degradation. There are studies that demonstrate the potential of reutilization of these materials with a simple shell processing step to add value to the material. The products that can be made from the calcium carbonate source are: quicklime, hydrated calcarium, polymers charge, construction blocks, roads construction materials, paper paste, compact marble, fertilization, pesticides, food, ceramic blocks industry, paint industry, polyurethane foam, talcum powder, glass production, cement, varnishes, rubbers, soil correction and medicines. Keywords: Molluscs, calcium carbonate, shells, reuse, environment |
||
Silicon Sludge Co-Processing for Industrial Symbiosis: A Study Case in a Semiconductor Company BREJÃO, A. S.(FAPPES); SHIKI, M. P.; CALDANA, A. E.(Smart Modular Technologies); SILVA, M. L. P. (FATEC/POLI-USP)
|
Abstract: For the electronics industry, the silicon powder residue, in the form of an aqueous dispersion, is an environmental
and economic issue. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the characteristics of such material,
through a study case in a semiconductor company, aiming to close the production cycle. The aqueous silicon
dispersion which is generated by the silicon wafer grinding and sawing systems was characterized by physical
methods and by optical microscopy. This non-product
was used in cement test specimens which were submitted to
compressive strength tests to determine a potential
improvement due to the addition of micro-silica in
comparison
with regular cement. The results showed that there
was a significant increase in the compressive strength
indicating the technical feasibility of using this
type of non-product from the semiconductor industry
in cement
fabrication. Although the study showed evidence about the technical feasibility of the use of this non-product, in
order to have a viable industrial symbiosis for both companies, the logistics aspects will also play a
determinant
role to encourage mutual cooperation between the companies. Keywords: Industrial symbiosis, electronics industry, non-product, silicon [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sludge Composting A. Freiria; H. Santos (Rhodia)
|
Abstract: The productive units of Rhodia were spending more than 1.26 Million Euros to incinerate 6,000 tons of sludge from the wastewater treatment system. Because of the high percentage of humidity and the strong odour of the sludge, its manipulation and transportation were very complex and expensive. After Studies, the compositing was chosen as a solution, because it presented the best cost-benefit. The development of the technology was a result of a partnership between Rhodia and Best Service Consulting and was performed from 2000 to 2003 when it was started. Keywords: Sludge, compositing, ETE [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Small Alcohol Plants as an Alternative Towards Sustainable Development C. C. Silva; H. A. P. Silva; J. A. B. Grimoni (USP)
|
Abstract: The evaluated Integrated Small Alcohol Plant (ISAP) is an agricultural industry that produces alcohol, electricity, and food for the surrounding cities which has up to 18,000 inhabitants. Sugar cane and sweet sorghum are the basic agricultural products that are used to produce 40,000 L/day of alcohol and 7.13 MW of electricity. The ISAP evaluated is bale to extended up to 12 months per year its production period, against the usual 6-8 months of traditional sugarcane mills. The productivity is around 630 tons of sugar cane or sweet sorghum per day. During the eight months period between the harvest and a new plantation for sweet sorghum area, its available soil area is used to grow crops and vegetables; there are also beef cattle and milk production, as well as the introduction of pig farming. The ISAP total area is 4,360 ha including rural and industrial areas. It is based on the maximum environmental and social efficiency by eliminating the burning practice after harvesting. The vinasse is treated in anaerobic process to be further used in the agricultural areas as a fertilizer. Pig and cattle dejects are used for electricity generation in the plant. Results show that ISAP project may be considered as an effort towards a sustainable development. Keywords: Agro-Industry, alcohol, renewable energy, emergy, externaties [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Social indicators of LPB - Liquid Packaging Board production from a life cycle perspective A. L. Mourad (CETEA / ITAL), H. L. G. da Silva, J. C. B. Nogueira (Klabin S/A)
|
Abstract: Despite sustainability needing to be analyzed through the integration of environmental, economic and social aspects, almost always only the first aspect is considered. The objective of the present article is to show partial results of a life cycle assessment study of the production of Liquid Packaging Board - LPB, concerning social aspects. The LCA study was carried out for Klabin, the biggest producer, exporter and recycler of paper in Brazil, with 17 industrial plants in Brazil and one in Argentina. The scope of this study includes data from the forest up to the rolls of finished carton leaving the production line ready for shipment, considering a cradle-to-gate approach. Social indicators based on qualification levels proposed by UNESCO (United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization) and income levels according to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) were proposed. It was observed that 9 seconds of human labor was required to produce 1 kg of Liquid packaging Board in 2008. The level of professional and educational qualification of the employees was rather high, with 4% of the employees holding a post-graduate degree (M.Sc. or PhD.) and only 7% having just primary level education. The income-distribution profile shows that 94% of the employees receive more than double the monthly minimum salary, which is a factor of great significance in a country where 55% of the population receives less than this. It is very important that sustainability of products and processes should also be analyzed by their social contribution besides environmental aspects. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, social indicators, packaging, beverage container |
||
Social Reverse Logistics of Used, Non-Expired Medicines (UNEM) with Public Economic Burden? An Impact Appraisal from a Municipal Program BERTOLO, R. J.; VIEGAS, C. V. (UNISINOS - Brazil); BOND. A. (University of East Anglia - UK/North-West University - South Africa); BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. M. (UNISINOS - Brazil)
|
Abstract: There is little research on the reverse logistics of medicines, because the wastes of the pharmaceutical industry are incinerated, or undergo other forms of physical-chemical destruction, given the potential risks they pose to the environment and to public health when incorrectly disposed. This situation is more problematic in developing countries, where the management of wastes is usually neglected by governments and citizens. Whilst product innovation thrives in the pharmaceutical sector, and an ageing population represents an increase in the demand for medicines, little effort is made to avoid their incorrect disposal. The negative impacts to the water and to the soil quality derived from improper management of used medicines is a challenge in emerging economies. This research describes a local government program of reverse logistics for used, non-expired medicines (UNEM) in a small municipality in Southern Brazil. Taking as a reference the available data of collected and donated quantities of UNEM, and the number of persons that received UNEM for free from July 2015 to December 2017, it was possible to perform an environmental and socioeconomic appraisal of the program. The main findings are that reverse logistics, besides the strictly economic aspect stated by law (as return of a good to the business sector), can have a socioeconomic benefit for needy communities. In the studied case, the reverse logistics avoided environmental harms and economic spending of around US$ 1.5 million with the proper destruction of UNEM medicines; an average of 90 persons benefited every week through receiving UNEM for free; the indirect income distribution per capita, with the program, reached more than 17% of the minimum wage established by law in Brazil. However, the Public Administration carries an economic burden for the correct disposal of the medicines that expire before being dispensed. It amounted around US$ 4,000 since July 2015 to December 2017. As the population does not correctly separate and dispose used medicines, and considering that incorrect disposal of these products represents health risks that will end in the public health system as another type of economic burden, public and private, the Public Administration initiative, even ending in economic spending for the collectivity, results probably less costly than to simply do nothing and push this problem for the future. This private-public economic burden is an open issue for the current local system of reverse logistics Further investigation is necessary to enable the possibility to replicate this program to other municipalities; and it presents an opportunity worthy of investigation in other newly industrialised countries. Keywords: Medicines wastes; impact assessment; impact appraisal; reverse logistics.
|
||
Socio Environmental Survey of Vera Cruz do Oeste Municipality L. B. Santos; D. Mondardo; L. Luvizon; P. P. Bellon; C. C. Meinerze (UNIOESTE), P. S. R. Oliveira (UNIPAR)
|
Abstract: The present work consisted of the realization of the lifting sócioambiental of the local municipality of Vera Cruz of the West Paraná, through the lifting data of the municipality and the realization of interviews with residents and authorities of public organs on the perception as for the quality of the rivers and the environmental question. The lifting boarded questions on the perspectives of population growth, economical developed activities, rate of mortality, and they wrapped also the environmental questions of the local authority, like data on the supply of water, destination of the residues, instruments of environmental management, principal communitarian organizations and the existence of projects of Environmental Education. The study was carried out through inquiries road Internet, bibliographies and, in some more specific cases, visit to the General offices of Agriculture and of Health of the local authority, what they were extremely receptive regarding the supply of informations, being of basic importance for the conclus. Keywords: Lifting socioambiental, Vera Cruz of the West [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Soft Sensors to Assess the Energy Consumption in the Formation of Lead-Acid Batteries CABELLO, J. J.; SAGASTUME, A.; SOUSA, V.; HERRERA, H.; BALBIS, M.; SILVA, J. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Lead-acid batteries are essential for different economic activities and are, in general, energy intensive products. However, there is a limited discussion on how to assess the energy consumption and its efficiency for battery manufacturing. This study assess the process of battery formation, which is essential in manufacturing lead-acid batteries, and account for over half of the energy consumption of battery production. The assessment is implemented in a battery plant using data from a 4 years period to develop an energy performance indicator (EnPI), used to assess the efficiency of battery formation. To implement the EnPI a soft sensor is developed. Results show that the implementation of the proposed EnPI combined with other measures, resulted in a reduction of 3 to 5% of the electricity consumption of battery formation. Keywords: Battery formation, energy efficiency, battery production |
||
Solid Fuel Produced from Mandarin Peels and Rice Husks EZIRIO, M. J.; COSTA, S.; CREMONA PARMA, G. O.; BARCELOS, R. L.; MAGNAGO, R. M. (UNISUL - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Biomasses like tangerine peels and rice husks are seen among the most abundant and accessible sources for conversion into products with a higher added value. One possibility is the production of solid fuels for the decentralization of energy production and utilization of agricultural residue. It is important to highlight that sustainable bioenergy must have high efficiency, therefore we have evaluated the higher and lower heating values of the specimens produced from rice shells husks, mandarin peels, cornstarch, glycerol, citric acid, and acetic acid. We have determined the total moisture content, ash content, and higher and lower heating value of the sixteen collected specimens. We have also determined the compressive strength, in which all samples presented a maximum resistance appropriate for the storage and handling of the developed solid fuels. The composites with a higher quantity of mandarin peels showed greater higher and lower heating values, of 19.18 MJ/kg and of 17.92 MJ/Kg, respectively. All developed samples have shown to be capable of replacing traditional heat sources like firewood (7.12-10.47 MJ/kg) with a better energy performance. Keywords: Solid Fuel, Rice husks, Ponkan peels.
|
||
Solid Waste Management Plans in the City of Londrina: A Longitudinal Analysis CAMARGO, R. H. L. (UEL); ALIGLERI, L. (UEL/PROGESA)
|
Abstract: Our environment is undergoing increasingly accelerated and intense changes such as climate tragedies and the inadequate use of natural resources. These facts have led to adverse impacts on both men and nature. Thus, this study aims to analyze the Solid Waste Management Plans (SWMP) of companies located in the city of Londrina. This is a documentary, qualitative and quantitative research in a longitudinal approach. Data has been collected and added up in a form. The research involved all organizations that submitted the document attached to the Municipal Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the city of Londrina from 2010 to 2013. From the data analysis it was possible to identify wide variations in the number of companies that made the SWMP and high dispersion of business activities. It has also been noticed that the professional profile of people in charge of drafting the document has changed over time. The results point out to the need to review the municipal legislation regarding the metrics used to submit data by companies, as well as the need for better effectiveness of the Municipal Department in the monitoring of the municipal legislation. Keywords: Environment; Residues; Solid Waste Management Plans; Environment Management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Solutions for Energy Savings and Environmental Compliance Leading to Cleaner & Lower Cost Production A. J. Basu (JNE Consulting Ltd. - Canada); V. B. Dutta (Advenient Technology - USA); D. Datta (M&I Power Technology, Inc. - Canada
|
Abstract: Present dilemma is with ‘how to manage the global warming resulting from energy guzzling manufacturing sectors like power, petrochemical, steel, mining, and minerals industries’? Although these operations are essential to sustain the global economy, their impact on climate change can’t be ignored. This paper addresses scientific and engineering approach to transform these operations and minimize their impact in our eco-friendly world. The primary objective is in providing total solution for energy savings in vibration and noise reduction for achieving safe, energy-efficient, and cleaner production. The methodology has been substantiated with several practical examples that have been implemented in North America, Europe and other parts of the world, where 15% ~ 25% energy savings have been achieved. “Noise and Vibration” are integral part of critical equipments and processes in the heavy industry sector. These symptoms are indication of turbulent airflow and wasted energy. This paper focuses on “optimization of airflow in plant draft systems” and therefore minimizing the use of energy to generate same amount of work. A number of design innovations for reducing turbulence and flow separation ensuring streamlining of airflow in the draft system and uniform loading on fans in the draft (forced or induced) system have been discussed. The present work elaborates on design optimization for achieving energy efficiency and environmental compliance leading to cleaner production – realized by modifying plant draft systems and fan systems using CFD simulation tool, including mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. Implementation of this technology has improved the health & safety constraints in the industry. The outcomes of selected case studies are included for demonstrating the energy savings and the corresponding financial return through the proposed design innovations. In addition, improved inlet and outlet conditions of any pollution prevention equipment (e.g., SCR, ESP, FGD) facilitate enhancement of environmental compliance of these equipments. Further, stream lining the plant draft system has also demonstrated improvement in process yields, improvement in fan and related equipment life as well as flexibility to use lower grade raw materials (e.g., high ash content coal in boilers). The major design innovation is the aerodynamic diffusion system. In the mining industry, such solutions when integrated with CFD modeling would enhance the total systems approach. This is a growing area and gradually receiving corporate attention for conducting studies in improved ventilation system management. Finally, various solutions and technical approach recommended by the authors integrate the three pillars (Economics, Environment, and Society) of sustainable development and helps the operating companies to meet their Corporate Social Responsibility. Keywords: Aero-acoustics, energy-efficiency, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), cleaner production |
||
Stakeholder Management and Organizational Sustainability Process: A Brazilian Case Study from Forestry Sector M. G. Lyra (FGV); R. C. Gomes (UFV); L. A. Jacovine (FGV)
|
Abstract: Sustainability has been at the top of the agenda of high impact organizations since ecological concerns raised the attention of the media. This paper presents an investigation carried out through a case study with one Brazilian organization in the forestry sector, in order to devise viable indicators of sustainable production (ISP) for measuring sustainability and try to generate strategic information for managing the relations with the key-stakeholders. In this sense, we intend to describe each stakeholder involved with the organization, focusing on how to manage the relationships with them. Furthermore, we intend to test some ISP in order to figure out whether this specific type of organization can move toward sustainability. The theoretical framework comprises three international models: the five levels of ISP tool, a model for identifying the most important stakeholders, and a model for identifying how to manage the relationship with key-stakeholders by threat or cooperation. Keywords: Indicators of sustainable production, social corporate responsibility, stakeholder management, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Stimulating the Market: Incentives for Cleaner Production and Energy Efficiency in Latin America ASHTON, W. S. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); IZQUIERDO-CRUZ, C. A. (World Environment Center, USA/Mexico); PANERO, M. A. (New York Institute of Technology, USA); ARIAS, A. L. (Costa Rica Technological institute, Costa Rica); BELFIELD, J. Rafael Lendívar University, Guatemala); BENTIN, J. (San Ignacio de Loyola University, Peru); DE LA CRUZ, G. Rafael Landívar University, Guatemala); DUECKER-AGUILAR, S. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); SALAZAR de TOBAR, Y. (Cleaner Production Center, El Salvador); HURTADO, M. (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA); MARTINEZ-GREEN, T.; PANCHAME, S. (Honduras Autonomous University, Honduras); URIARTE, M. (National University of Engineering, Nicaragua)
|
Abstract: Resource efficiency, including cleaner production and energy efficiency (CP/EE), is thought to be an important strategy for developing countries to grow their economies in a sustainable manner. However, in many regions the private sector, particularly smaller enterprises, has been reluctant to adopt such strategies due to a combination of informational, technical and economic barriers. A variety of players in Latin America, including international aid agencies, governments, banks and national cleaner production centers, have introduced market-based mechanisms to encourage enterprises to adopt resource efficient practices. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of the availability and utilization of different types of market-based instruments for cleaner production and energy efficiency in micro, small and medium size enterprises in Central America. We surveyed 19 programs in 5 countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) to examine how effectively these instruments are being utilized, complementary barriers that prevent their adoption, and best practices for increasing their uptake. We find that most programs are focused on energy efficiency, are financed by international donors, offer grants and awards to companies for pursuing CP/EE, but are not specified towards MSMEs. Keywords: Cleaner production, resource efficiency, Small and Medium Enterprises, market-based mechanisms, energy efficiency
|
||
Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geological Reservoirs: Is It a Cleaner Technology? G. Câmara, A. Silva Júnior (UFBA), P. Rocha (UNIFACS), C. Andrade (UFBA) |
Abstract: Climate changes due to the increase of anthropogenic emissions and the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere are among the major global environmental concerns. The scientific analysis and discussions on the effect of anthropogenic GHG emissions and its consequences on climate change received notoriety in recent decades. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is one of the main GHG and several technologies have been developed to capture and dispose it before it being released. CO2 storage in geological reservoirs is one of the technological solutions that have gained strength as an option for the disposal of CO2. This article primarily focuses on answering the following question: To what extent can the Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Geological Reservoirs (CGS) be considered a cleaner technology? Accordingly literature research on the subject, as well as document analysis and expert consultation were undertaken. Initially it was reviewed the literature on environmental technologies and, more specifically, the literature on the CGS technology. Subsequently, it is discussed the CGS technology as an environmental technology, concluding that it can be considered as a transitional technology. For now, it is understood that this is an exploratory research on the subject due to the CGS technology being under development and consequent maturation which results in the need for further and continuous studies on both this technology and its impacts. Keywords: Environmental Technology, geological storage of carbon dioxide, CGS, CO2 [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Strategic Alignment: Case Study of the Mandaqui Stream Basin’s Depollution BEVILACQUA, N. (FIA/SABESP), HOURNEAUX JR., F. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: During its yearly planning process, Sabesp(São Paulo State Water and Sewage Service Agency) reassesses its corporate vision and mission and sets its strategic guidelines that are deployed into action plans for its Operating Business Units. Thus, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the strategy related to the Clean Stream Program in the operational planning of Sabesp´s Northern Business Unit (MN). The empirical research was based ona case study of Mandaqui Stream Basin through documentanalysis. The main aspects in the study include the identification and analysis of the main indicators related to the Clean Stream Program, highlighting the importance of stakeholders’ interests and also the description of environmental initiatives involving local community in the process of operational planning. The results indicate an evolution ofprogram performance over the years and the success of the Mandaqui Stream depollution programsuggestsefficacy in both formulation and implementation of strategy. Keywords: Strategy, implementation, planning, depollution, stream [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Strategies for the Expansion of Environmental Awareness Effects DE BASTIANI, A.; PETRY, C.; DOURADO, I. P.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F.; D’AGOSTIN, A. (UPF - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Although widely discussed and disseminated in environmental education vehicles, the theoretical reflections about Environmental Awareness and its effects on pro-environmental behavior are scarce, in the sense of analyzing and understanding its purpose, the way it was use and what are the most effective methods for its application. In view of this, the objective of this research was to carry out a narrative review on environmental awareness and propose, through a systematization, strategies to increase the efficiency of its application in the most varied segments of society. Initially, the review prioritized the analysis of understandings about environmental awareness and behavioral science. Subsequently, the motivating and inhibitors factors of pro-environmental behavior were mapped, which were divided into public and private behavior. Next, four strategies were proposed to increase the effectiveness of environmental awareness: (i) redesign of public policies; (ii) binding communication; (iii) product design for sustainable behavior; and (iv) social and environmental marketing. Keywords: Pro-environmental behavior, environmental awareness, marketing, environmental communication. |
||
Strawberry Pulp Supply Chain Performance Assessment on Local Level SILVA, C. C. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP); GIANNETTI, B. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper intends to analyze one link of the strawberry pulp supply chain in Southern Minas Gerais, individually assessing this link on in natura strawberry producers for a pulp industry on Southern Minas. The presented reference model considers local conditions of the family based systems that do not possess specialized logistics system and a territorial approach of rural development incuiding equity among the genres, food security, risk management, environmental management and support programs. Identifying and comprehending the obstacles that restrain the development of such link on the supply chain has great importance either for better definiton and adjustment of support public policies or for ackowledgement and sustainable decision-making of the companies of this sector. Keywords: Supply chain, sustainable, reference model, agroindustry, strawberry [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Street Lighting Management with Eco-Efficiency SANCHEZ JUNIOR, O. (IPT-SP)
|
Abstract: The paper presents a proposal for a model of analysis of the eco-efficiency of street lighting projects. Its purpose is to subsidize public policies and regulations. It is a proactive, preventive and innovative approach that establishes as the focus the transition to a sustainable society. We used Life Cycle Assessment tools to define a roadmap for both environmental and economic evaluation. The results show the feasibility and relevance of the approach and point to the necessary complementary developments. Keywords: Eco-efficiency, Public lighting, LCA, LCC [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Structuring Management Processes to Get Cleaner Production Results: A Study in the Plastic Industry BUCCELLI, D. O.; COSTA NETO, P. L. O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper starts form the concern that, in general, economic growth ignores the environments and deals with how to face this reality in Brazil. The three facts of degradation of the natural ecosystems, population, average consumption per capita and technology, are considered with this aim. The development in the promotion and implementation of cleaner production practices and eco-efficiency procedures in small and medium companies in the country is summarized. It is found that technical proposal and demonstration projects have limited results and a set of strategies is proposed to improve this situation. It is emphasized that good and sustainable results of environmental indicators depend on the presence of cleaner production concepts and principles into structured and standardized management processes. Are included the results and discussion of a research carried on at the plastic industry sector relating management procedures and cleaner production results. The paper ends with the case study associated to the creation of The SINDIPLAST Environmental Management Award, another way to involve executives with cleaner production principles and management practices. Keywords: Cleaner Production (CP), Eco-efficiency, Industrial Ecology, Environmental Management, Management Processes [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Structuring of Environmental Area in a Transport Company Sector of Pernambuco through Enterprise-University Partnership Y. M. Paz, R. Prota, N. S. Cavalcanti, S. G. El-Deir (UFRPE), V. L. L. Bezerra (Grande Recife Transports Consortium)
|
Abstract: The interaction with regard to the joint company x University brings the prospect of building new forms of action regarding the management of the environment and an the rethink of the executive area to the academy. The “Grande Recife Consórcio de Transporte” (CTM), urban transport company of the Pernambuco State Government, along with the Environmental Management Group in Pernambuco (Gampe) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, structured the Environmental Management area of Consortium aimed at rational use resources, improvement of environmental quality and energy efficiency. This partnership was based on participatory methodologies that articulated corporate and academic knowledge. The process was based on the principles of Participatory Strategic Environment Planning, being developed in a dialogue way, with the shareholders commitment and empowerment of stakeholders inside and outside the company, followed a modular structure and thematic (strategic planning, water, air, energy, waste solids, air quality and health of confined spaces). This study, focused on Corporate Environmental Management, is liable to be replicated in the corporate environment, being easy to apply. In this sense this paper contributes to the elevation of environmental quality in corporate environments and disseminate such methodology for medium-sized businesses, especially in office places, aiming at the direct or indirect conservation of natural resources. Keywords: Environment, strategic planning, participatory methodology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Student Sustainability Assessment: Ecological footprint, happiness and academic performance ALVES-PINTO JR, M. J. A.; GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Universities can be great drivers of sustainable development. A university can influence students' decisions through knowledge. These students can represent governments, companies and institutions, making important decisions for social progress. In this way, evaluating students' sustainability is important for the decision-making of university efforts, aiming at students with more sustainable lifestyles. This paper evaluates the sustainability of two hundred and ninety - nine students of an educational institution. The evaluation model is the Input-StateOutput, chosen as a model of indicators the ecological footprint, happiness and the average score of students in the course. Specific questionnaires were prepared for data collection. A graphical cube was used to represent students' sustainability, presenting in this study the best scenario among the eight existing ones. Students were classified as "dematerialized" using resources below the capacity offered by the biosphere, have acceptable happiness index and good grades. The cube facilitates the understanding of the result of this evaluation, seeking a better direction of the services provided. Keywords: Sustainability, Ecological footprint, Happiness, Academic performance. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study Notes on the Brazilian Amazon Countryside BOTELHO, L. (IFAM/Erasmus University, The Netherlands)
|
Abstract: Since June of 2003 we have worked as consultant in native Amazonian communities. Our goal with this article is to describe our experiences as a consultant and researcher in the largest tropical forest on earth. To that end, we organized our arguments describing the authoritarianism of the development policies in the Amazon, the top to bottom policies, the reverse accountability, the reproduction of poverty hand in hand with the environmental destruction and, finally, on new paths, we make our final considerations. Our methodology is based on facts witnessed over these years, without subtracting the viewpoint of an economist as a social scientist. Our in loco experiences allowed us to observe how the development institutions operate, how the social-political game is played in the interior of the Amazon, and how the communities deal with their limitations in political and economic representation. Our final considerations work toward bringing greater autonomy to the people who live in the communities. Even though they are poor, the people who live in the native Amazonian communities don’t need philandering NGOs, inefficient development institutions and shameless policies. Thus, we work toward policies without middlemen, dealing with the families directly, without necessity of bookers or Amazon experts. Keywords: The Amazon, Communities, Governance, Environment [Abstract] [Organizational Report]
|
||
Study of Anodic Eletrooxidation of Dimethyl Phtalate Using DSA F. L. Souza, D. W. Miwa, E. M. Moreira, A. J. Motheo (USP)
|
Abstract: Anodic oxidation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was studied in a flow cell using a single compartment dimensionally stable anode nominal composition Ti/Ru 0,3Ti 0,7O2 (De Nora Brasil) cathode and titanium, both of 14 cm2. 350 mL of solution containing approximately 161.81 mg L-1 of compost (equivalent to 100 ppm C) were electrolyzed at 25 ° C in a flow of 140 ml min-1 at an ionic strength of 0.15 mol L-1. Parameters as the composition of electrolyte (NaCl and Na2SO4), the Cl- concentration (250 mg L-1 - 2500 mg L-1), the pH range (2.0 to 8.0) and current density (20-120 mA cm -2) were investigated, as well as their effects on current efficiency and energy consumption. The higher removal of DMP, TOC and COD is achieved when NaCl is used as supporting electrolyte, in which case both the oxidation by hydroxyl radicals adsorbed on the electrode surface by species and active chlorine are happening. Oxidation occurs more readily in acidic reaching an optimum at pH 2.0. Variations in the concentration of chloride showed that lower concentrations are sufficient for further removal of DMP / TOC, although the COD removal is directly dependent on the amount of chloride. The increase in current density for high values, does not favor the oxidation of the compound, once the oxygen evolution reaction is favored over chlorine evolution reaction that occurs in parallel with the oxidation of DMP, reaching a maximum at 40 mA cm-2. The decay kinetics follows a pseudo-first reaction order with coefficients greater than 0.99. The reaction rate is higher when using chloride as supporting electrolyte, but is inversely proportional to the increase of chlorine concentration, current density and pH. Keywords: Phthalates, anodic oxidation, dimensionally stable anode [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study of Case of Systems of Treatment of Effluent Domestic servants with the Use of Ambient Index C. C. Silva (USP); C. M. V. B. Almeida; S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This work presents the results obtained on the emergy accounting of domiciliary effluent treatment systems’ comparison. Two systems were compared: the first one uses a Biodigestion system installed at Comunidade Independência in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. The second operates with an Activated Sludge system on the Effluent Treatment Station-Campo Galvão in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. The indicators were split into four groups. The traditional indicators proposed by ODUM (1966) are in the first group; on the second there are the performance indicators, that are specific to evaluate the sludge treatment. On the third and fourth groups, the systems were evaluated using indicators that establish a relation between Emergy and the Ecological Footprint. In these latter groups, it was possible to compare the resources’ use of both systems and to evaluate the scope of the indicator. From the first group’s study, that considers the workforce and the Brazilian electrical renewability, it’s possible to infer that the Biodigestion system is the best one. The performance indicators for sludge treatment systems indicate that the biodigestion system is more efficient that the activated sludge system to reduce the same amount of OBD. The indicators from third and fourth groups showed that the Activated Sludge’s Ecological Footprint in 400 times bigger than the biodigester's for eac h m³ of treated sludge. Keywords: Emergy, effluent, activated sludge, biodigestor, environmental indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study of Degradation of the complex EDTA-Cu (II) by Electrochemical Methods V. S. Antonini, J. C. M. Silva, R. F. B. Souza, M. C. Santos (UFABC), G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM) |
Abstract: In mixed wastewater, the presence of metal ions can reduce the rate of organic contaminant removal and decrease the efficiency of metal recovery. The study of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) degradation in natural environments has demonstrated its poor biodegradability and indicates that EDTA behaves as a persistent pollutant in the environment. Additionally, the contribution of EDTA to toxic metal bioavailability and remobilization processes in the environment is a major concern. In the present study, the electrochemical degradation of the complex EDTA-Cu(II) was performed at different currents (10 - 120 mA cm-2), and different concentrations of the EDTA-Cu(II) complex (0,10, 0,15 and 0,20 mmol dm-3), using a Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 type electrode. The results show that the electrochemical degradation was efficient in oxidation of solutions, achieving a significant performance, about 85% removal of the complex. Keywords: Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), electrochemical degradation, copper [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study of Incorporation of Wind Blades Waste in Portland Cement M. P. M. Bini, M. L. P. Antunes, L. Sottovia (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Industrial Residues represent a huge waste of raw material. And also they represent a potential risk to the environment. The incorporation of waste in other processes may minimize environmental damages, contributing to clean production. A residue produced in large quantities in Sorocaba (S.P.) is the residue of wind blades. This waste needs a great area to disposal which means much cost to the company. An alternative to residue disposal is incorporation in cement matrix. The aim of this work is study the incorporation of wind blades waste in Portland cement matrix, and produce a new material. The residue was characterized by wettability techniques, infrared spectroscopy and granulometric analyses. The waste is hydrophilic and less heavy than pebbles. A reduction in the mechanical strength occurred as the waste additions were increased. The incorporation of this waste in cement matrix can be used to produce non-structural bricks. Keywords: Portland cement, waste, characterization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study of Integrated System Technology and Bioeconomy: Tropical Fruit Product Innovation and Bioenergy Study of Integrated System Technology and Bioeconomy: Tropical Fruit Product Innovation and Bioenergy PANNIRSELVAM, P. V.; MARIE, C.; MATHIAS, J. M.; TAMIL, S. S. (UFRN)
|
Abstract: The growth of the production of functional food in northeastern Brazil has an important position of the tropical fruit such as melon, papaya, pineapple and cashew, because it has good production managment and good acceptance in diverse climate and region. Production in the region of Mato Grande / RN is characterized by the production of tuberculos yam and cassava, fish,srimp and recently sorghum sugar, better productionsat national and international level. The process developed of local production is an opportunity to create jobs, increase income and sustainable development. The marketing of fresh product derived from fruit is the most common form of marketing, due to lack of technological capacities of the producers on how to add value. The activity of fruit processing waste generated in the form of peels and bagasse which for human consumption, have good nutritional contents, with composition ranging from 15 to 20% protein, 25 to 40% pectin and 40 to 55% fibers and carbohydrates. Currently fruit waste presents a serious environmental problem, as is the case of shrimp shells that generate about 150 tons per day only on RN. The objective of this project is the application of technological innovation in the total use of fruits, transforming raw materials into nutritional products with high profitability, viability and also has sustainable development as objective. Good results were obtained in structured fruit product and the processes associated with the use of clean energy and alternatively from various waste. These processes based on the products and processes already developed together with some communities RN. The innovative integration system outlined in this work points to high economic prospects for sustainable development, aimed at the proper reuse of waste and the application of concepts of industrial ecology total utilization of fruits.The clean production technology was made possible in this work , but requires significant investment ,but lower cost of production using solar energy and biogas. Keywords: Structured fruit, biogas, micro algae, bioenergy, innovation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study of Potential for Energy Recovery in Low-Cylinder Diesel Engines and its Environmental Impact RAMIREZ, R.; SAGASTUME, A. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); VALENCIA, K.; HERNANDEZ, B.; DUARTE, J. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This study of thermoelectric generators as an energy recovery system in exhaust gases is a constant research challenge. In this paper, the theoretical model that describes the behavior of the thermoelectric modules is exposed and the CFD simulation results across of ANSYS® software too, where the heat exchanger allows improving the efficiency of the modules increasing the transmitted heat and the surface temperature of hot focus, showing the temperature profile of heat exchanger in contact with exhaust gases and the electric potential of modules in the specific temperature. Also, the influence in the decrease of fuel consumption is evaluated and the environmental impact in the decrease of polluting emissions to the atmosphere. Keywords: Thermoelectric module, simulation, heat exchanger, fuel, polluting emissions. |
||
Study of Stability of C19H23N3 (Amitraz) through Analysis FT-IR Spectroscopy T. M. B. Farias, J. C. C. Santana , F. A. Calarge (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The work aims to study the stability of C19H23N23 in veterinary products through the technique of analysis by infrared spectroscopy and Fourier Transform with Transmission and Reflection (FT-IR).The potential and limitations of this method were investigated by analyzing the spectroscopic changes occurring inside and on the surface of the material. This work will present the sensitivity levels of the active principle as well as the small structural changes that may occur in the material. Keywords: FT-IR, amitraz, spectroscopy |
||
Study of temperature effect on Blue Methylene dye bio-removal process by Galactomyces geotrichum KL20A CONTRERAS MERCADO, M.; VALLEJO LOZADA, W.; CHAVES LÓPEZ, C.; GRANDE TOVAR C. D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Pollution of natural resources is a topic of growing global attention, last years different activities have increased consumption of a variety of substances which they are toxic to the environment, recalcitrant and hard to removal. Among these substances, dyes affect the quality of the water and are used in a wide range of industrial activities such as the textile. These dyes are undesirable to the environment, due to their toxicity and mutagenic risk, in addition, they cause changes in pH, salinity, increase dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical demand of oxygen (BOD), they also reduce water transparency affecting the photosynthetic activity and aquatic life. Different traditional physical-chemical methodologies to pollutant removal have been used for the treatment of dyes (e.g. adsorption, coagulation, precipitation, filtration and oxidation); however, these methods do not solve the problem completely, since they only change phase of pollutant and sometimes could generate by products toxic. Currently, biological processes (e.g. microorganisms and their enzymes) are emerging as one promising technique to bio-removal azo dyes from water sources, since this method not only degrade the dye but it can transform pollutants into harmless products, these byproducts may be integrated to nature biogeochemical cycles and cause less environmental impact. In this work, used a strain of yeast Galactomyces geotrychum KL20A isolated from samples of traditional kumis collected from production center in the Valle del Cauca Colombia in order to evaluate their ability to methylene blue dye bio-removal from water samples. Keywords: Bio-removal, dyes azo dyes, Galactomyces geotrichum [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study of the Appropriateness of the Plastics Industry in the State of Goiás to Integrated Management Actions of Post-Consumer Waste OLIVEIRA, F. R.; OLIVEIRA, K. A. F. A. (SENAI Fatesg)
|
Abstract: This article aims to report the study to learn about the actions of adequacy of plastic Industry in Central Goiás State, Brazil the Brazilian solid waste policy (PNRS). This study involved a survey of statistical data of the plastics industry, bibliographic research and documentary analyses, being characterized as an exploratory qualitative study. Through the interview was identified by the Union of industries of the State of Goiás plastic Material (Simplago) there are no effective action for the implementation of the PNRS for the sector, with the exception of educational actions. With the statistical analysis it was found that in Brazil 22% of plastic waste generated are intended for mechanical recycling and 13.5 percent of those go to dumps and landfills. There was also a trend in reduced production of plastic packaging in Brazil in recent years at the expense of packaging produced by other materials. Keywords: Plastics industry, packaging, plastic recycling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Study of Vehicular Emission of Greenhouse Gases (GEE) in Gasoline-Powered Vehicles MELO JÚNIOR, A. S. (USP/UNIP); GATTI, L. (IPEN/USP); SEVEGNANI, F.; SATIE, I.; IZIDRO, J.; IANNUZZI, A. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Knowing the behavior of the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere is important due to global climate change and its consequences for ecosystems. Studies involving vehicular emissions are of great importance due to its role in GEE emissions. The aim of the research was to determine the emission of major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) in fleet vehicles powered by gasoline. For this, we studied two gasoline-powered vehicles of different years of manufacture. The tests were performed on the dynamometer CETESB and IPEN. Keywords: GEE, gasolina, aquecimento global, vehicular emission. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Study of viability of use of a natural polymer (TANFLOC) in substitution to aluminum sulphate in the water treatment for human consumption L. A. Coral (UFSC); R. Bergamasco (UEM); F. J. Bassetti (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: This study aimed to demonstrate the technical viability of one natural polymer in substitution to the aluminum sulphate as coagulation and flocculation agent in the water treatment for consumption. Focusing in comparing the efficiency, basic physical-chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, alkalinity, settling solids and organic matter were analyzed, and then measured after jar test, utilizing coagulant concentrations pre-established between 10 and 60 mg.L-1, in interval of 10 mg. The results obtained in the finish of the experiment, indicates that the natural coagulant had shown more efficiency in regards to pH and alkalinity parameters and got results very near regarding the other parameters analyzed. The preliminary results proof that the natural polymer utilized (Tanfloc) can be a potential substitute of the aluminum sulphate for the water treatment. Keywords: Natural polymer, water treatment, superficial water [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study on Clean Technology Energy Production and Feed the Use of Agricultural Residues on Sugarcane and Integrated Biosystems M. C. A. Neto, M. M.Cansian, A. H. F. Costa, J. M. Santos, P. V. Pannirselvam (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Economic activity divorced from production of energy and agro animal feed production in Brazil has low sustainability technologic, economic and ecological. The main objective of this proposal is the development of innovative technologies, seeking solutions for these problems with the use of residual biomass for use in the production of bioenergy and clean pet food on a small scale. The proposal involves the multidisciplinary study of the production chain with clean technology, both in feed production cost down, as in the process of obtaining raw materials with the participation of sugarcane mills of newborns in all phases of the project. This study will be selected communities and designed micro plants to feed production, biohydrogen and biogas. Through a case study of utilization of solid waste, this study uses innovative methods of analysis and synthesis processes both for power generation in small rural communities as the processing of waste into feed low cost solar power and biogas integrated way for drying food. Results were obtained on various parameters related to the economic viability and the use of clean energy from biogas and solar energy to replace the wood. Technology designed for each route, we will analyze various scenarios of feed production, based on raw material bagasse of sugarcane. This innovative system design will be released via internet and the diffusion of technology will be in partnership with collaborating companies through the implementation of a pilot plant for the community, including micro-entrepreneurs and farmers. Producers will be able to build and operate micro feed production plants in order to reach the local market to improve the nutritional characteristics of bagasse and production of nutritious meal of animal protein and vegetable waste sludge digester, with innovative formulas using low-cost computational tool as a way to replace the conventional diets. Keywords: Digester, sugarcane, bio-energy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study on Hídrica Economy in a based University Campus in the principles of Reduction in the Source J. W. P. da Silva; M. R. da Silva; M. F. Silva; R. R. M. Freitas; S. B. de Almeida (Uniminas)
|
Abstract: The objective of the work is quantitatively to identify the sources of water consumption in a university campus characterizing them, and from these surveys to consider measures for reduction on the consumption of these natural resources. In this context there will be proposals for action on environmental education involving all the population of the campus. Beyond these actions, there will be proposals for corrective actions in the sense of improving the internal processes that use water. The reduction of about 30% on the costs caused by high water consumption inside the campus is expected with this project. Keywords: University campus, hídrica economy, reduction [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Study on the Implementation of Cleaner Production in a Company of Sector of Reinforced Plastic with Fiberglass G. S. Milan; D. B. Grazziotin; M. R. Pretto (UCS)
|
Abstract: Aiming a competitive distinction, companies usually adopt preventive environmental strategies by considering also higher social and economic responsibility. In this context, it is important to discuss about new production models which focus on cleaner production strategies. The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of cleaner production practices applied by a fiberglass reinforced plastic company. The evaluated company adopted an environmental administration system that tries to join value to the manufactured products, at the same time minimizing the currently generated waste in the manual molding from 19.5% to 4%. This effort and challenges faced by the fiberglass company is discussed. Keywords: cleaner production implementation, waste reduction, fiberglass [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Substitution of Non-Biodegradable Surfactants Used in Emulsion Polymerizations - A Study of the Polymerization Process and Performance of Products Obtained C. R. S. Buono; E. Bittencourt (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Emulsion polymerization is considered a safe, economic, versatile, and consequently of interest as an environmentally friendly process. However , surfactants utilized need to be biodegradable, and still guarantee a good film quality , with an adequate performance according to its end use. We investigated the substitution of an alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APE) surfactant ,commonly for a sulfosuccinate surfactant , which degrades in a week in contact with soil. Replacement was conducted keeping in mind the properties obtained in the final latex, in addition to the biodegradability of the surfactant. To adequately understand the behavior resulting from the replacement , it was necessary to study the surfactant kinetic effect, as well as the effect on particle size distribution, considering that wa ter soluble and water insoluble monomers are utilized , as needed for paint formulations. Different copolymerization and terpolymerizations were conducted, with combinations of the monomers styrene, n-butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and acrylamide, which are of very significant industrial interest for the film performance of paint formulations. Particle sizes were measured and related to the dual mechanism of polymerization, with the contribution of the aqueous phase polymerization, and which also affects to the final emulsion viscosity. Keywords: Polymerization, emulsion, surfactants, biodegradability |
||
Suggestions for Implementation of Cleaner Production in Cassava Starch Industry BOHN, C.; GEITENES, S.; OLIVEIRA, L.; MEES, J. B. R; (UFTPR)
|
Abstract: The market is becoming increasingly demanding, requiring companies not only offering quality products, but also the implementation of responsible administration of the environment and the community in which they operate. In this scenario, the Cleaner Production may favor the emergence of competitive advantage in business, and a big step towards the economic and sustainable development, enabling enterprises to function with socially and environmentally responsible, reflecting also on economic and technological improvements. The objective of this work is the suggestion of applying actions of Cleaner Production in cassava starch factories, as these industries are found in large number in the state of Parana and have a potential pollutant due to the toxicity of manipueira (liquid from the pressing of cassava), amount of waste generated and water consumed in the processing of cassava for the production of starch. To this end, the production process was mapped, in accordance with the literature, and was identified in each step opportunities of improvement and implementation of Cleaner Production. Were identified two types of solid residue in process, the cassava’s peels and the residual mass, and two types of liquid residue, the manipueira and the residual water. According to the CNTL / SENAI methodology of cleaner production program implementation, was proposed to the cassava’s peels the commercialization to cattle farmers, for animal feed. To the residual mass, was recommended the double-milling to the recovery of starch, and its use in feed for beef cattle. Regarding to manipueira, was suggested the implementation of a anaerobic horizontal reactor, with the possibility of using the gas generated in the production process, for burning in boilers. For the residual water were proposed several suggestions, like using systems with pressurized water and hoses with reducer nozzles to control water flow, best practice training to the employees, water reuse in the process (when possible), and use of the cleaning system (CIP cleaning in place). The adoption of an environmentally correct posture by companies is becoming increasingly common, because of the prerequisites of national and global trade and compliance with laws. The cleaner production is a viable alternative to combat environmental problems of the companies, whatever its segment of industry. The cleaner production programs requires constant revision and commitment of all employees of the companies, so that it becomes part of your organizational culture. That way, they can obtain competitive advantages generated by clean production strategy. Keywords: Cleaner production, cassava starch industry, waste. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainability and Cleaner Production in Construction Sites J. Gehlen (UnB)
|
Abstract: This work addresses the concept of sustainability and cleaner production and its application in construction sites. Construction firms are portrayed as having a role in conveying changes in the productive chain of the construction industry. Although the main focus of sustainable initiatives in building has been in the architectural design phase, the building site—where construction firms have more leverage—may contribute significantly to reduce the environmental liabilities in the industry. The sustainable construction site may be actualized in different ways from the pursuing of strategic actions, which are classified as: responsible procurement; community relations; occupational health and safety management; quality management project; reduction of construction waste; solid waste management; land use and occupation (construction site design); water consumption; energy consumption and transportation; local vegetation and wildlife conservation; and education of partners. Assuming that sustainability will only be attained by means of strengthening the learning system of construction firms, three sorts of corporate culture instruments are analyzed: management systems (ISO 9001, PBQP-H, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18000, SA 8000), green building certifications (LEED and AQUA) and local programs (PGM and PRAS), from the standpoint of each instrument’s contributions to the development of sustainable construction sites. Keywords: Sustainable construction, construction sites, certifications [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability and Environmental Preservation: A Bibliometric Study on Biofuels M. M. de Carvalho, A. P. V. B. V. Lopes, D. S. L. Marzagão (USP)
|
Abstract: The need to reduce greenhouse gases emission improves the interest in research and production of biofuels. The main objective of this work is to understand the literature of biofuels, more specifically related to the strategies adopted by countries seeking sustainability and environmental preservation. For this, the authors performed a bibliometric study with content analysis. The database chosen was ISI Web of Knowledge (Web off Science), with the topics “biofuels” and “strategy”. One hundred thirty works were obtained, but the authors chose to only analyze articles, decreasing the number to eighty-nine jobs, which involved three hundred seventynine authors, sixty-four journals and thirty-six countries. After reading the abstracts, thirteen articles were excluded because they did not fit the theme, resulting a final sample of seventy-six articles, between 1999 and 2010. The authors analyzed the publications (journals and most important areas) and citations (frequency, most cited articles, citations of articles to references). The journals that published more articles on the topic were: Biomass & Bioenergy, Energy Policy, Environmental Science & Technology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The main areas were: agriculture, bacteria / protein, biomass, fuel consumption, emissions and energy. Keywords: Biofuels, strategy, bibliometric study [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability and Performance in Organization: An Analysis of the Triple Bottom Line Approach HORNEAUX JR., F.; GALLELI, B. (USP); NUNES, B. (Aston Business School - UK)
|
Abstract: This theoretical study aims to discuss how to define organizational performance regarding sustainability based on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach, that is, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The analysis is based on defining what Sustainability-Oriented Organizational Performance (SOOP) is, and to discuss three theoretical propositions, as follows. Proposition 1: Sustainability-Oriented Organizational Performance should consider, simultaneously and in an integrated way, economic, social and environmental aspects; Proposition 2: Considering the TBL approach, Sustainability-Oriented Organizational Performance will have different compositions within the three dimensions, economic, social and environmental; And finally, Proposition 3: SustainabilityOriented Organizational Performance will be defined differently for each organization in each period. After an analysis of the unfolding of the propositions, the article is finished with suggestions for an initial research agenda for studies that can empirically investigate its validity. Keywords: sustainability, triple bottom line, sustainability performance, performance measurement |
||
Sustainability and the Allocation of Oil Royalties: A Theoretical Contribution H. K. M. Costa, E. M. dos Santos (USP) |
Abstract: This paper aims to build the principle of justice within and between generations by proposing the unitary approach of several human generations for the standardization of the allocation of government take from the production of hydrocarbons. Thus, it argues that the allocation of oil revenues on public policies should reflect each recipient location, within the perspective of considering the vocation of the territory's development and thinking about the real needs of the whole local population, considering the basic premise for the continuity of quality of life on the globe and according to the sustainability vision. Keywords: Principle of justice within and between generations, production of hydrocarbons, allocation of government takes, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability Assessment Criteria for a Green Building Enterprise SANTOS, L. C. R.; RISENBERG, R. R. C. (PUC-PR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR)
|
Abstract: Nature is finite, the semi-renewable resources and the ecosystems' capacity to absorb the pollutants has made the concern for sustainability rise. Some factors that are making resources limited are population growth and increased per capita consumption. It should be noted that the impact of buildings on natural resources is significant. The construction industry is identified as the sector with human activities that most consume natural resources, in addition to using energy intensively, causing negative environmental impacts. Besides the impacts related to the consumption of matter and energy, there are those associated to the generation of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes. Thus, it is estimated that more than 50% of the solid waste generated by all human activities comes from construction, so the limitation of the sources of resources and the finite capacity of the ecosystems are the challenges to achieve an ecologically sustainable economy. However, management professionals have been struggling to integrate their operations with sustainability issues. From the context, the research problem is presented: what are the results obtained from a process of evaluation of the sustainable operations of an organization in the civil construction segment? Thus, the objective was to identify the results obtained from an evaluation process of sustainable operations of an organization in the civil construction segment. This organization is the EuroBusiness, located in Curitiba, in the State of Paraná - Brazil, the first venture in the South of Brazil to receive the LEED Platinum Seal, the highest level of certification by LEED, accounting for less than 2% of Certified ventures around the world. To reach the proposed objective, the research is considered of an applied nature, with a qualitative approach and exploratory, descriptive and analytical objectives. Standardized data collection techniques involve a literature review and interviews with specialists. The results indicate that the strategy adopted by EuroBusiness involved aspects of envelopment, lighting, measurement and verification, green roofing, use and reuse of water and indoor air quality (IAQ) and contortion. In this way, it can be seen that the high technology used by the project throughout the project, reduces its operational cost and its environmental impact with the concern for saving natural resources. Keywords: sustainable green building, domotics, sustainable product development |
||
Sustainability Assessment in Higher Education Institutions: Perspectives and Global Experiences BRANDÃO, M. S.; OMETTO, A. R.; LEME, P. C. S. (EESC/USP)
|
Abstract: Sustainability assessment has been showed as a challenge for Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Assessing goes beyond simple choosing, developing and tracking indicators and includes strategic planning in HEI. The assessment framework choice is strategic during the assessment process, and its choice generally differs from one institution to another. While some HEI prefer develop their own sustainability assessment framework, others feel more comfortable in using well-known frameworks as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Even though GRI was originally develop to assist private corporations, several HEI have been using GRI to assess sustainability. This fact arouses interest about reasons for adopting and framework adaptations of GRI to educational institutions. The results showed that although those adaptions in GRI indicators to HEI scenarios are possible, they are limited to environmental management area in general. Besides, the results indicate a group of environment management themes and topics that were recurrent in HEI’s GRI reports. Keywords: Sustainability, assessment, Higher Education Institutions, Global Reporting Initiative, strategy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainability Assessment of Agribusiness Expansion in the Brazilian Savanna COSTA, M.; AGOSTINHO, F. (UNIP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: MATOPIBA is an acronym of the initials of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, together they form the new agricultural frontier of the country. This region has been gaining national prominence due to its high production of soybeans, corn and cotton. In 2015, the Brazilian Government published the MATOPIBA Agricultural Development Plan (PDA) through Decree No. 8,447 of May 6, 2015, with the purpose of promoting and coordinating public policies aimed at the sustainable economic development of this region. While these incentives may result in socio-economic benefits, socio-environmental costs may also arise. In this sense, the objective of this work is to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the agribusiness advance in MATOPIBA. The conceptual model of sustainability Input-State-Output is used, considering three indicators (emergy / capita, HDI and GDP / capita) that represent each sector of this model; the time window from 1991 to 2015 is evaluated. The results show an improvement in the GDP / capita numbers during this period, increasing about 10 times the value of 2015 compared to the year 2000), as well as the increase of the HDI (approximately 3 times higher), but the demand for nature remained high. These figures indicate that the progress of agribusiness in MATOPIBA has resulted in the improvement of social and economic indicators, as the region is becoming more efficient in the conversion of resources (emergy / capita) to wealth (GDP / capita), at the same time increasing the quality of the population (IDHM). In this way, considering the limitations and methods used in this work, we can consider that the development plan of MATOPIBA resulted in the improvement of social and economic indicators, but still needs to improve its efficiency in exploring the resources of nature to reduce the value of Emergia / capita , so that it can be considered as a sustainable region. Keywords: Agribusiness, MATOPIBA, Multicriteria sustainability assessment, Regional sustainability. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainability Assessment of Ethanol Production from Sugarcane C. L. F. Pereira; E. Ortega (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: This work assesses the sustainability of ethanol produced from sugarcane. The environmental feasibility of a large-scale production is considered through a Life Cycle concept by using fossil fuel embodied energy analysis and emergy assessment. Results indicate that about 1.82 kg of topsoil is eroded, 18.4 liters of water is consumed and 1.52 m2 of land are needed to produce 1 liter of ethanol from sugarcane. Also, 0.79 kg of CO2 is released to atmosphere per liter of ethanol produced. The energy content of ethanol is 7.2 times greater than the fossil-based energy required to produce it. The transformity of ethanol is about the same of those calculated for fossil fuels existing in literature. The Renewability of ethanol is 31%, considered as a low performance; other emergy indices indicate high load on environmental. Sugarcane and ethanol production adopting large scale systems present low sustainability. Keywords: Emergy analysis, Life Cycle Assessment, biofuels, ethanol [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability Evaluation of a Company Through G.A.I.A. Tool D. L. Delavy; M. F. Preussler; J. A. R. Moraes; D. R. Lopez (UNISC)
|
Abstract: The need for a company to achieve a certain level of sustainability has become a necessity, from the symptoms presented by climate change on the planet. Worldwide actions are being planned and implemented to minimize the impacts caused by the uncontrolled use of natural resources. At the same time, the laws become more stringent with respect to the productive sector, blaming it for the generation of waste and its proper disposal. The search for the use of clean technologies, makes the difference for companies. The instrument used to measure the sustainability index is the GAIA tool, developed scientifically based on improving the environmental performance of organizations and the achievement of full sustainability. With the basic principles of legal compliance, continuous improvement and pollution prevention. The metal-mechanic sector is presented as an impactful activity by using large amounts of water to clean parts producing residues class I, sludge oil and grease.Keywords: Sustainability, pollution prevention, environmental management, metal-mechanical[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability in Agricultural Activities Developed in the Western Region of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the Viewpoint of Rural Extension Technicians A. W. L. da Silva (UDESC), P. M. Selig (UFSC), A. A. Lerípio (UNIVALI), C. V. Viegas (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: The perception of rural extensionists from Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Agency (EPAGRI) and from Watershed Project 2 – as regards the sustainability of agricultural activities in the Western Region of Santa Catarina, Brazil – was assessed by means of a semi-structured questionnaire used to interview 116 professionals in the areas of Chapecó, Maravilha, Palmitos, São Lourenço do Oeste and Xanxerê. Respondents believe that the degree of sustainability of regional primary production is low/medium and that nine out of ten farmers do not require that the practices adopted in their farms are sustainable or they are indifferent to this aspect. Environmental degradation, lack of knowledge and economic factors appear as the main problems concerning this issue. Results lead to the conclusion that the Western Region faces an “unsustainability syndrome of the agricultural model". Most respondents agree with the implementation of differentiated payment for farmers who produce in a sustainable way, but a quarter of the respondents do not have a general opinion on this subject. Keywords: Rural extension, sustainability, sustainable agriculture, Western Region of Santa Catarina [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability in Civil Construction J. A. Yemal, N. O. V. Teixeira, I. A. Nääs (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Given the competitive landscape in the civil construction industry, many companies discard their waste as cheaply and quickly, without proper responsibility to the environment. With this there is a growing environmental concern in which builders seek more viable restructuring techniques for better reuse of these materials, seeking a sustainable development for your business. The concern for Cleaner Production has become part of their strategic plans. In this sense, the firm minimizes environmental damage in the production process and meets the new industry regulations, with the focus on getting the most value with its customers and to seek competitive advantage over competitors. The research aims to identify practices responsible for Cleaner Production in a construction company that seeks sustainability through environmental methods is correct and the techniques can boost sustainability in civil construction. Keywords: Sustainability, cleaner production, civil construction, waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability in the Hotel Industry, Efficient Use of Water and Electricity Resources. Case: Hotel San Angel VELÁZQUEZ, L. E.; SÁNCHEZ, N. E.; MUNGUÍA, N. E.; ZAVALA, A. (UNISON-Mexico)
|
Abstract: The tourism industry provides significant economic benefits to be a powerful generator of income, employment and development, but the provision of these services generates negative impacts so comes the concern of the companies to be sustainable. It should be noted that a continued growth of this sector is expected and, within this, the hotel industry, so it is necessary to implement actions that benefit the environment, from which the objective of this study is potentially prevent, eliminate and/or reduce environmental impacts by optimizing the use of electricity and water; this through the implementation of Sustainable Services Program that serves as a tool for environmental decision making and proposes technological and cultural measures to reduce consumption of resources in question. This program includes among its stages the processes characterization carried out by the provision of services involving the use of electricity and water in section III of the Hotel San Angel, and is required for the formation of a team of integrated sustainability by hotel staff and the graduate faculty of sustainability where there was an exchange of information and through its analysis priority areas are identified for the implementation of sustainable actions. Sustainable Services Program leads to cost reductions resulting from the optimization of the use of electricity and water, which also benefits by reducing environmental impact s such as CO2 reduction and better use of water resources that help reduce one of the main problems in the region, that is to say, water availability, also the sum of the economic and environmental benefits they provide as well as social benefits by providing a better corporate image and competitive advantage to meet customer expectations. Keywords: Sustainable development, Tourism, Hotel, Optimization
|
||
Sustainability in the Bioenergy Industry S. Ávila Filho; J. R. N. Lopes (SENAI-BA); A. C. Torres (UFRJ); A. S. Machado (SENAI-BA)
|
Abstract: Cleaner production is based on techniques to prevent pollution by reducing the energy usage, water and other material resources, minimising wastes, reducing risks and negative environmental impacts from the production process. In this sense, the use of biodiesel appears as a potential substitute fossil energy source which could contribute to a cleaner production, however, biodiesel production and its use still involves challenges and uncertainties at different aspects as social, environmental and economic. The Multi-Objective Analysis establishes relationship among the project and its several drivers, which could support decision makers. This work presents a methodological approach that supply information regarding implementation processes, fixation and discussion around the biodiesel industry considering economic, social, environmental, technician and ethical aspects. Keywords: Biodiesel, multi-objective analyse, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability in the Process of Nail Care and Beauty in Beauty Salons in São Paulo OZUNA, G. Y.; VELAZQUEZ, L. E. (UNISON, Mexico); GIANNETTI, B. F. (UNIP); MUNGUÍA, N. E. (UNISON, Mexico)
|
Abstract: In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of salons that perform the service of beauty and care of the nails. This economic activity has many benefits, but it is not without negative impacts, because during their development both occupational and environmental hazards are generated, so prevention is an important task; however, there are factors that limit and/or prevent the practice of this prevention. This paper presents the implementation of the first two stages of a Sustainable Services Program, based on the approach of Cleaner Production and Pollution Prevention in seven salons in the city of São Paulo. During the first stage, the culture of sustainability was fostered in salon owners, same that was embodied in the environmental policy developed. During stage two, inventories and procedures were analyzed for identifying hazards; the results showed physical (lighting), chemical (volatile organic compounds), biological, and ergonomic risks; during the final phase of this stage a Sustainable Plan Services was written where various measures were proposed for prevention, elimination and/or reduction, as well as training on occupational health and environmental care of the people who work within salons, thus contributing to the formalization of this type of business, and conducting their activities in a sustainable manner. Keywords: Nails, beauty, risks, sustainability, cleaner production.
|
||
Sustainability in the Process of Sugar Cane of Reception in Plant Sugarcane GONÇALES FILHO, M.; CAMPOS, F. C. (UNIMEP)
|
Abstract: This study identified the gaps of the segments of the industries with the largest application opportunities of Lean Thinking (PE), so that it could deepen this opportunity effectively by the sugarcane segment, which is included among those who make intensive use of water for the development of their activities, relies largely on the use of water resources, requiring the management of agribusinesses enter the theme in their corporate strategic priorities. This article covered the production process of the plant and the attention back to the sugarcane cleaning procedure on receipt of this raw material, and straw, if separate from reception, could possibly be used as an energy source and, once separated, may also improve the performance of the production process. In this sense, the search for alternatives that eliminate waste in the factories is of strategic importance, and reuse wastewater or replace it with another sugarcane cleaning option becomes a requirement for the development of a sustainable business. The research method used came from an exploratory literature review for the survey of the main concepts of lean production in order to provide the necessary basis for the implementation of Lean Thinking to eliminate waste. For the applicability was conducted a study of multiple cases. The contribution of this work is to point out that the integration of Lean Manufacturing with the Green Manufacturing is a successful way for companies, and analyze through comparative studies, the procedures adopted in the production system that could possibly indicate viable economic solutions in order to support environmental and social gains. Keywords: Sustainable Production, Lean Manufacturing, sugarcane plant [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainability index to civil construction: A brazilian check-list proposal L. S. Goron (UFRGS); J. M. Oliveira (SENAI-RS); R. M. C. Tubino (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: In 2005 The Environmental Committee of SINDUSCON-RS, knowing the needs of building companies to search for compliance to environmental requirements, created a proposal for a national check-list which could be used as an evaluation of companies on environmental sustainability grounds. At that time, there were approaches to the concept of Green Buildings, but the search was for something similar, yet Brazilian, with items with national significance and applicable to national reality and also accessible to as many companies as possible. SINDUSCON-RS looked for a partnership with SENAI National Centre of Clean Tecnologies – CNTL, whose work focuses mostly on small and medium size companies and was then working on a project for online consulting for Cleaner Production and Waste Management in civil construction. The concepts and initiatives of CNTL and SINDUSCON were convergent and the partnership was created. The work started up at the beginning of 2007, with advice by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Initially, a reference review was done of the main index worldwide and of other existing works in this area. A comparative table of the most renowned indexes worldwide was created and, after that, the major items and the scoring method of each one were evaluated. Then the creation of the sustainability index developed by this group started. This work last about one year and a half, with periodical meetings until the software was finished, and then the basic check-list was created. In October of 2008, this national check list was showed at 80º ENIC under the title “Sustainability Index – A national Check-List Proposal”. The first version of the “Sustainability Index to civil construction– A national Check-List Proposal” will be open to everybody for about six months to test and in order to create a data bank with the answers of the chosen options and suggested options. After this period the fist version will be revised and, if necessary, changes will be undertaken. Thereafter it will be officially released to be used as a tool in search of environmental suitability, or even as an evaluation and validation method that will bring a final result related to the sustainability of the assessed enterprise. Keywords: Sustainability, building a checklist, civil construction index [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability Management in Ports FOSSILE, D. K. (PUC-PR); GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The paper aims to present an analysis of the scientific production on sustainability management in ports. The main objective of the study is to quantitatively analyze what has been produced regarding the management of sustainability in ports and qualitatively examine the evolution of the studies, identifying gaps and research opportunities. Science Direct represented the database. For the data analysis, Microsoft Excel®, Wordle™ e Ucinet® were used. The terms “sustainability management in seaports and ports” were used as key expressions. This generated a sample of 36 papers on the topic. At the end of the study, the outcomes of the descriptive statistics with the identification of the most cited authors, papers and journals by researchers around the world, relationship network of citations and a keyword cloud were presented. Considering the research outcomes, it was observed that the majority of studies on sustainability management in ports has been developed in European ports and there is an exponential growth on studies related to the topic. This implies that journals and researchers have shown a growing interest in further investigate this area. Thus, this study becomes an important asset for the development of ideas, concepts and approach perspectives on the topic. Keywords: Sustainability management, ports, performance indicators |
||
Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics: General Comparative Analysis C. R. Álvarez-Chávez, S. Edwards, R. Moure-Eraso, K. Geiser (University of Massachusetts-Lowell-USA)
|
Abstract: This study evaluated the sustainability of bio-based plastics including all the stages of their life cycle (cradle to grave) to assist in decision-making about selection of these bio-based materials. Plastics are considered essential materials in today’s society, but during their life cycle they contribute to pollution and depletion of natural non-renewable resources. Biobased plastics appear as more environmentally friendly materials than their petroleum based counterparts when they are compared considering their origin and biodegradability. But which of the bio-based plastics currently on the market or soon to be on the market are preferable from an environmental, health, and safety perspective? Results of this study were summarized in two graphic tools based on analysis of the data gathered on bio-based plastics according to sustainability criteria. They showed that none of bio-based plastics currently in commercial use or under development are fully sustainable. Each of the biobased plastics reviewed utilizes genetically modified organisms for feedstock manufacture; toxic chemicals in the production process or generates as byproducts, or co-polymers from non-renewable resources, etc. Substitution of conventional petroleum-based plastics with safer bio-based plastics requires the knowledge of the flow of these materials and their adverse impacts in all their life cycle in order to consider new approaches towards sustainability. Keywords: Bioplastics, bio-based plastics, life cycle analysis |
||
Sustainability of Operations for the Timber Industry of Mato Grosso M. C. Nehme (UCS) |
Abstract: The operations of extraction and industrialization of timber from the Amazon suffer restrictions on domestic and international market. This article reports the results of a project developed with 15 companies in the timber sector in the State of Mato Grosso. Aiming to encourage increasing efficiency of operations of the logging industry, we used the methodology of Cleaner Production. 1275 hours were dedicated to working together with Ecotimes to analyze operations, identify opportunities for improvement and implement projects. The results were highly significant both in the point of view environmental, such as economic, technical / technological and social. Keywords: Sustainability, timber industry, cleaner production, Amazon, Mato Grosso State [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability management of the VHP sugar supply chain: case study in the transportation stage SENE, A. P.; CAMILO, R.; BONFIM-ROCHA, L.; MANO, T. B ; RAVAGNANI, M. A. S. S. (UEM - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Concerns about the environmental impacts of sugar production in Brazil opens up space for the development of research on Supply Chain Sustainability Management (SCSM). This work report uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and multi-objective optimization (MOO) methods, especially in the transport phase of very high polarization (VHP) sugar, in order to perform an environmental and economic performance evaluation, for two scenarios, using a case study involving a linear programming problem. In the first scenario, the transportation is carried out only by the road modal, in the second scenario the transportation is intermodal, where a portion of the route was a railroad. With regard to the evaluation of environmental impacts, for the case study, input data regarding the equivalent CO2 emission were used. For the economic performance indicator, primary data from a brazilian sugar mills and background data obtained through national reports, manuals and databases were used. Based on the methodology used applying MOO to minimize cost, the model provided optimal cost and CO2 emissions solutions for scenario one, of 5.72x1010 kg of CO2 and cost of USD 33,216, respectively. Scenario two shows an improvement in environmental performance, reducing CO2 emissions to 1.51x109 kg of CO2, but increasing costs to USD 98,555. The results of the scenario showed that the railroads may bring relevant environmental benefits, such as of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, but an alternative little explored in Brazil. Keywords: Linear programming, multi-objective optimization, life cycle assessment, sugar cane, VHP sugar. |
||
Sustainability Practices in Educational Secondary Education Schools CUBAS, A. L. V.; MACHADO, M. M.; DUTRA, A. R. A.; MOECKE, E. H. S.; MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL)
|
Abstract: This article aims to present initiatives to enhance the teaching-learning process in the development of a sustainable society through work reports made by Unisul in secondary schools, with water and solar energy topics. For the work development were developed two pedagogical practices: rainwater recovery and solar heating system with low cost materials. The results were evaluated, on the perspective of schools and students (teaching / learning) and in the case of schools, the advantages involved in saving water and electricity bills and greater environmental awareness among teachers, students and employees using the built systems during practice for high school students. From the high school teaching/learning process’ point of view , students were unanimous in their assertion that the theoretical contents in practice, stimulates learning and that the developed themes (water and solar energy) awaken to awareness aboutthe preservation of the planet. Keywords: Pedagogical practices, Secondary schools, Rainwater recovery, Solar heating system [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainability Strategies for Coastal Aquifer Analysis: Hermosillo Coast ZEPEDA QUINTANA, D. S.; LOEZA RENTERIA, C. M.; OJEDA DE LA CRUZ, A.; VELÁZQUEZ CONTRERAS, L. E. (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunity areas in coastal aquifer research to guide water management actors in their practice, management, education and future research. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review of papers, methodologies, agency reports, books and website documents was conducted in order to identify practices and strategies worldwide towards a sustainable management of water resources that can lead to a cross-sectional plan. Findings – Sustainable strategies for coastal aquifers depend on many variables that nowadays are working separately. Therefore, if the business-as-usual strategies are not enough to reach sustainability, decision makers should work together in a holistic way to have accurate information that can serve as an updated scientific basis. Practical implications – The paper discusses how the coastal aquifers should be managed in order to use its resources in a sustainable manner, so human water needs can be satisfied and the freshwater resources can be preserved. Originality/value – Even though there is plenty information about coastal aquifers and its management in literature, most of the information discuss specific topics of the entire coastal aquifers management. The originality/value of this paper is the interaction of the sustainability pillars towards future holistic strategies based on the state of art of this topic. Keywords: climate change, coastal aquifer, marine intrusion, sustainability |
||
Sustainable Alternatives for Urban Water Supply in Sanitation Companies POZZA, C. B.; VIEIRO, A.; OLIVEIRA, G. A.; TROJAN, F. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the sustainable practices of urban water supply by the Supply Companies in the Paraná and Santa Catarina states and to verify if these supply companies do the monitoring of these practices by performance indicators, which express the dimensions of the triple bottom line. For the initial analysis, a literature review was carried out on sustainable management of water resources and water footprint concepts, sustainable supply alternatives and indicators of sustainable performance. The research is characterized regarding its nature as applied, regarding its objectives as exploratory / descriptive feature, the technique used was a case study and data collection was made on the Supply Companies and on the website of the National Information System on Sanitation. It was verified whether the practices focused at sustainability that the companies practice are inserted in the triple bottom line and reach the economic, social and environmental levels. The indicator model used, as reference in this study was the Sabesp’s Indicators Panel, being addressed the operational, environmental, economic and social indicators. It was verified that losses in the production process and distribution are critical factors for the sustainability of these Companies, presenting high percentages when compared to the percentage of Sabesp’s losses. Keywords: Sustainability, water supply, indicators [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable Bio Economy of Food and Fuel Based on the Industrial Ecology of Innovative Process Design of Biomass Solid Wastes Technology Management PANNIRSELVAM, P. V.; MATHIAS, J. M.; TAMIL, S. S. (UFRN); VIKASH, K. (IIT Bombat, India)
|
Abstract: Energy demand and the price for energy is increasing day by day everywhere as global economic problems. Renewable energy from waste is one of the alternative source which can be use parallel to conventional energy resources. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution. For this problem an integrated system, industrial and ecological using the clean Small Integrated Process Systems (SIPS) based on the Zero Waste, Industrial ecology, cleaner industrial design and green chemistry concept was studied using the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the wastes. The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows.This paper deals with tools and methods used to make the small process system design using innovative process equipment design and the process optimization for waste minimization. The main objective is not only small scale energy production, but as well as with the co-production of hot and cold thermal energies from agro wastes along with small electric power. The SIPS approach has many benefits and potentials. The system design use Biodigestion process, hydrogen and methane bio-fuels and internal combustion (IC) engine. The project was developed using simulation system tools for the process analysis (synthesis, modelling and design) of two stage anaerobic bio process and its integration. Super Pro Designer Process simulation software was used to make synthesis and evaluate these options and performs material balance, environment impact analysis. Towards the economical valorisation product development from municipal solid wastes (MSW), agro wastes and municipal waste water sludge solid wastes as the raw material biomass ,the H2 rich gas (H2, CH4 etc.) was found to be the main product using the two stage process design of anaerobic bio digestion from liquids, where as the ammonium and water recovered as liquid fertilizer and carbon dioxide are co products . The economic viability reports, environmental emissions reports, systems tools and methods used for several preliminary project developments of clean SIPS are obtained. The integrated biosystem system design are under developments of industrial ecological production using solar energy as base case ,yet this system designed need to adopted for the present and future need of optimized clean production of bio energy production with the economic and ecological sustainability from biomass wastes to the local energy and bioeconomy demand. Keywords: Biomass, Bio energy, Municipal Solid Waste, Auto thermal, IC Engine
|
||
Sustainable Bioeconomy Using Ecological Industrial Biorefinary Design for Food, Feed and Fuel from Wastes: System Innovation and Techno Economic Analysis Using Process Simulation Tools PANNIRSELVAM, P. V.; CARDOSO, M.; MIRANDA, A. S.; CANSIAN, M. M. (UFRN); MORENO, M. (UNOPAR); GÓIS M. C. (UFRN); SANTOS, J. M. (Public School-SP); KEMPEGOWDA, R. S. (NTNU-Norway)
|
Abstract: Brazil is the leader of ethanol biofuel development and also for biomass charcoal, yet lacks in clean rural biofuel and bioenergy production from waste are common. Agro industrial wastes pose a major concern today due to the increase of production with time and thus needs ecological solution. For this problem, an integrated system, industrial and ecological, using the clean Small Integrated Bio-Systems (SIBS) based on the Zero Waste, industrial ecology, cleaner industrial design and green chemistry concept was studied using the three basic principles. The first principle is to use all components of the biological organic materials of the wastes. The second principle is to obtain more co-products from the wastes. The third principle is to close the loop via reuse, recycle and renewal of the material and nutrient flows.This paper deals with tools and methods used to make the system design based on industrial ecology using innovative process equipments design and the process optimization for waste minimization. The main objective is not only small scale energy production ,but as well as with the co-production of hot and cold thermal energies from agro wastes along with small electric power.The SIBS approach has many benefits and potentials. The system design use hybrid bio-fuels and internal combustion (IC) engine.The project was developed using simulation system tools for the process analysis (synthesis, modeling, and design) of two stage anaerobic bio process and its integration. SuperPro Designer Process simulation software was used to make synthesis and evaluate these options and performs material balance ,environment impact analysis. Case study was made with the anaerobic process, aerobic micro algae production , production of biodiesel from micro alge in several stages and recycle of reactor output are found to be very useful to produce biofertilizer ,bio-methane charcoal,bio electrical energy with recycle of water ,CO2 and microbial biomass,which are integrated to internal Combustion and fuel cell for combined cold ,heat and Existing biogas and biodiesel from micro algae technologies has potential for practical application combined with hydro pyrolysis,as well as green hydrorobiodiesel to make fuel electrical energy towards sustainable local development. The systems tools and methods used for several preliminary project developments of clean SBS are reported to build up the integrated system developments of industrial ecological complex as base case that need to adopted for the present and future need of clean production of fuel ,feed and food with the economical and ecological sustainability. Keywords: Waste, Energy, Biomass, zero waste Biogas, Pyrolysis, Biodiesel , System tools |
||
Sustainable Development: The Tradeoffs between Corporate Profit and Care for the Environment in Brazilian Automotive Sector ROCHA, A. (FATEC/UNIP); VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP); MONTEIRO JR, J. (FATEC)
|
Abstract: In the capitalist system, in which profit is the main target of the companies, since it is their oxygen and responsible for their survival in the market, companies are planning beyond reach him, care for the environment, mainly by charging society. Thus, the Federal Government must ensure that the actions taken by firms are also converged to the welfare of society and the planet. Conceptualizing tradeoff that is an expression that defines a situation where there is conflict of choice, forcing a choice, how to solve the issue of having financial results without harming the environment and contribute to the economic and social development of the country as well as in improving people's lives and a healthy planet through sustainable development. After the Real Plan, the Brazilian economy has become more stable and the automotive sector has become one of the most important sectors. This article aims to address the tradeoffs between corporate profit and care for the environment, contributing to the economic and social development of the country as well as the improvement of people's lives and a healthy planet through sustainable development in the automotive sector. Keywords: Sustainable and Economic Development, Tradeoffs, Corporate Profit, Environment, Automotive Sector [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainable Development and Absorptive Capacity: Connecting Themes Through Systematic and Bibliometric Review BARCELOS, R. L. (SENAC - Brazil); MAGNAGO, R. F. (UNISUL - Brazil); ALBERTON, A.; ROSSETTO, R. C. (UNIVALI - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Recent research suggests that the ability to absorb knowledge can drive change in organizational behavior to sustainability. This article aims to present and discuss the panorama of the scientific production on the relation of the absorptive capacity and sustainability. The work was a qualitative research having as strategy the bibliographic study. The databases used were Ebsco, Emerald, Science Direct, and Scopus and the terms used for the searches were "Absorptive Capacity", "Sustainability" and "Sustainable Development". The bibliometric cartographic analysis performed for keywords in the 83 articles by the VOSviewer software searched for terms with at least 5 occurrences. To the qualitative review of the literature, we selected the twenty four articles published in high impact journals. The results point to a significant growth of the theme, and in high impact journals the growth was 61.5% in the comparison of the periods between 2007 and 2012 versus 2013 to 2017. The cartographic analysis points to the presence of two clusters, the first encompasses key terms such as Absorptive Capacity, Sustainability and Innovation, and the second cluster is Sustainable Development, Absorptive Capacity and Corporate Social Responsabilit. Qualitative analysis indicates that absorptive capacity facilitates the adoption of successful sustainable strategies and that the engagement of organizations with external actors may prove to be significant. The authors converge in their opinions in the sense that the deep relationship with the external environment is a priority for the acquisition of knowledge and innovative development. Keywords: Sustainability, Absorptive Capacity, Innovation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainable Development and Participation Governance: Local Productive Arrangement and Technological Park of the Santos E. P. Guerreiro; E. S. Monteiro; H. C. Nannic (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The article analyzes the strategy of local, integrated and sustainable development projected in the diverse sectors of the economic activity of the Baixada Santista, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with Santos as city that serves of reference in the application of the Participation Governance, objectifying to redirect and to extend the economic vocation of the city, leaving of the matrix of the development, mainly, with the new discoveries of oil and gas in the Basin of Santos, of the Local Productive Arrangement and the implantation of the Technological Park. The actors of this Participation Governance are: Prefeitura Municipal de Santos, ACS – Associação Comercial de Santos, CIESP/ FIESP – Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo, Escritório Regional do SEBRAE e A Agência Metropolitans do Estado de São Paulo, Escritório Regional da SEMESP – União de Entidades Mantenedoras dos Estabelecimentos Ensino Superior do Estado de São Paulo, including the Universities established in the city: Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Universidade Católica de Santos - UNISANTOS, Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA, Universidade Lusíada - UNILUS, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos - UNIMES and Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP e Centro Universitário Monte Serrat - UNIMONTE. Keywords: Development, sustainable, governance, participation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable Development and Utilization of coal-fired power plant residues D. A. Fungaro; J. C. Izidoro; A. O. Andrade (IPEN)
|
Abstract: The combustion of high ash content coals promotes a serious environmental problem in southern Brazil. It is in the south, in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, that the coal mines coal-fired power plants are located. The States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina show areas that are already environmentally degraded with the resulting contamination of both surface and ground waters. Brazilian coals are characterized, among others things, for very high ash content ranging between 45 and 60%. This represents 4.0 x 106 tons/year of ashes produced in 2005. Most of these ashes are deposited randomly in landfills and has contributed to the deterioration of the surrounding environment. Since just 30% of that total is commercialized for the production of building materials (bricks, blocks, cement), it is necessary to search for new alternative uses for this abundant residues and give a high added-value to coal ash. The Brazilian coal ashes consist, basically, of aluminosilicate with high silicon and aluminum oxide contents. Depending on its origin, the iron oxide contents can vary over a wide range. Since coal ashes are composed of a large amount of silica e alumina and also due to a low ratio SiO2/Al2O3, they can be converted into zeolite by alkaline hydrothermal activation. Various types of zeolites can be obtained by changing the source of ashes or activation parameters. The zeolitic material obtained contains a non-converted part of coal ash and the zeolite content in the conversion product varies as a function of the coal ash properties and the conditions selected. The optimization of synthesis studied was specific for Brazilian coal ashes. Zeolites have uniform pore sizes and large surface area that make them very useful materials for a wide range of applications such as ion exchange, molecular sieves, adsorbents, and catalysts. The coal ash samples were obtained from a coal-fired power plant located in Figueira county, in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. The utilization of synthetic zeolites as the adsorbent for the treatment of the electroplating effluents, immobilization of heavy metals in soil, decontamination of actual acid mine drainage and removal of dye from aqueous solution has been evaluated. The results obtained in the project showed a great reduction in the pollutant concentration in treated waters and soil and demonstrated the high potential of the zeolites synthesized from Brazilian coal ashes as low-cost adsorbent material. The production of synthetic zeolites from coal ashes constitutes an alternative and noble use for a residue that has historically contributed to the degradation of large areas located in the Brazil. The environmentally-friendly use of coal ash is important from the viewpoints of energy, economy, and environmental strategy in order to realize the concept of sustainable development. Keywords: Zeolite, coal ashes, low-cost adsorbent [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable Development Goals Index: considerations of Mercosur countries PEREIRA, M. T.; SILVA, C.; MASSAMBANI, I. M. (IFPR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The United Nations Millennium Declaration, in 2000, defined the countries compromise for the promotion of human dignity across the globe and created eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). After 15 years, the MDGs have been revised and expanded to 17 Sustainable Development Objectives (SDGs) to be achieved by date of 2030. Thus the United Nations (UN) published a report to follow the goals and developed the SDG Index to apply to 157 countries. Thinking about it, the aim of this study was to understand the results obtained by the SDG Index for the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) countries. The data base and the individual profiles of each country were analyzed. It was possible to verify that from 2015 to 2017 a few Mercosur countries were able to obtain all the targets defined for the SDGs. However, all the nations of this economic bloc have great possibilities to achieve the objective for 2030, because they already have reached 64.7 to 72.5% of goals. This study shows that the greatest challenges in Mercosur countries are related to socio-economic factors, such as adjusted GDP growth, child labor, women in politics, traffic deaths rate, homicide, and corruption perception. It is notice that the environmental factors depend on the solution of these socio-economic problems. The annual accompaniment importance of the goals is evident and public policies of the Mercosur countries should focus on the most critical points and strengthen the positive aspects. Keywords: Environmental management. Environmental planning. Indicators. Socio-economic analysis. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainable Development, Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impacts in Coffee Farming Process SEPÚLVEDA, J,D. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); RIAÑO, N,M. (ASOHOFRUCOL - Colombia); MERIÑO, L,I. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Efficiency and environmental impacts are key factors in the different dimensions that integrate the relationships between Energy, Territory and Development (ETD), so they can be treated as inherent characteristics of the systems under analysis, whose measurement and evaluation allows to obtain a vision about the dynamics of energy use and the use of resources while promoting the formulation of strategies to jointly achieve the maximization of the desired results and the minimization of the negative impacts associated with existing processes. This paper presents the results of the study of energy efficiency and sustainability in a sample of farms producing coffee in southwestern Colombia; This work is based on the application of a study of emergy synthesis for the use of a unit of homogeneous measurement of energy, matter and information flows. Emergy results were also integrated with data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the joint assessment of energy efficiency using the different sources, inputs, products and environmental effects, thus seeking to encourage the analysis and formulation of development strategies in the territory. Keywords: Emergy synthesis, energy efficiency, emissions, coffee production, sustainability |
||
Sustainable Development, the Cleaner Production and Higher Education OCHOA GEORGE, P. A. A. (Construction Business Group of Cienfuegos, Cuba); TORRES CARO, S. (Empresa Eléctrica Nacional, Cuba); OCHOA MONTEAGUDO, A. (Technical Services Company Thermoelectric, Cuba)
|
Abstract: In this paper some ideas and realities on Sustainable Development, the Cleaner Production and the Higher Education as well as the link between these three elements are discussed. On the one hand, the Cleaner Production as the most appropriate and current tool to achieve sustainable development and, moreover, provide students and university graduates environmental education commensurate with the level of higher education, tools that allow them both to identify and solve the socio-economic and environmental problems related to their training and their professional work. Keywords: Sustainable development, Cleaner Production, Higher Education
|
||
Sustainable Development Under the Optics of the Vectors of the Sustainability: Case Study in a Perfume and Cosmetics Company A. C. A. F. Silva; M. M. Olivera; H. F. Nascimento; S. Feitoza (UFPB)
|
Abstract: The business management based on sustainability is a major challenge of the companies inserted in the Capitalist System. In this context, the aim of this article is to describe a case study on how a private organization observes and uses the concepts of sustainability, treating it as a basic principle of their actions. This article presents a check of the theory that permeates sustainable development, based on vectors of sustainability: economic , social and environmental co- relate such verification to the position taken by the company studied, adherence to that long-term survival strategy. For this, a literature was performed and secondary data collection, which provided a line description for the purpose of the article. As a result, it was found that the company takes actions that include all vectors of sustainabilityKeywords: Sustainable , sustainability, vectors of the sustainability[Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable IT: Waste Reduction through Technological Innovation ATM CX3 Project SOBRAL, F. A.; HOURNEAUX JUNIOR, F. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: Sustainable Information Technology, also called Green IT, has become known for its applicability mainly to reduce energy consumption; nevertheless, its practices and principles cover other pillars such as the equipment disposal and life-cycle analysis of IT products in order to reduce possible environmental damages. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how sustainable innovations or eco-innovations offered by Green IT can contribute to reduce the generation of waste hazardous to both health and the environment. To do so, this study, based on a literature review, used as its object of study the ATM CX3 Itautec Project, awarded by Industry Federation of São Paulo State (FIESP) in 2007, and listed as case of success, according to Benchmarking Brazil, ranking of the best Brazilian environmental management initiatives. The main results point out that the company has followed the most important international guidelines and practices related to sustainability in this industry, and the company has been acknowledged by this, however the adoption of these initiatives has caused an increase on production costs. Keywords: Information Technology (IT), Sustainable IT, Green IT, Ecoinnovation, Life-Cycle Analysis [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainable Logistic: An Amplified Concept in behalf of Sustainable Development E. M. M. Fukunaga; M. Oda (SENAC)
|
Abstract: The Logistics have been essential to reduce costs in service operations, as important as productive operations. Tools to prevent the production processes’ impacts such as P+L, were not enough for requirements related to external logistic. Industries are rethinking their processes but they are affected by negative images caused by carbon emissions from trucks used to transport their products, for example. Sustainable Logistics concept is an inviting to new sectors to discuss solutions for sustainable development. Keywords: Social responsibility, logistic, sustainability, transport system [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable Management of the Steel Industry from the Premises of Industrial Ecology LIMA, M. A. de M.; ELABRAS-VEIGA, L. B. (IFRJ)
|
Abstract: Industrial Ecology (IE) proposes that the industrial system be studied in an aligned way with the environment in order to improve industries environmental, social and economic performance. Industrial Symbiosis (IS), one of IE tools, refers to the interaction between nearby industries, looking for possible waste, energy, water synergies. In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy was enacted in 2010 through Federal Law 12.305. This Law brings a new model for waste management.The steel industry production process is a major waste generator. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the steel industry production process in accordance with the industrial ecology principles. In this scenario, this study first presents the IE and IS concepts. Following, the steel industry in Brazil is presented in order to understand its alignment with the Law 12.305/2010.In addition, the knowledge of the steel production process is presented in order to identify waste generated and possible destinations. As a result, it is understood that the integration of industries from different segments with the steel industry and a greater articulation between the actors involved may result in environmental, social and economic benefits, which are presented in this study. Finally, it is suggested that both the public and the private sector should, similar to what already happens in the academia, should encourage and invest in the practice of Industrial Symbiosis in Brazil. Keywords: Industrial Ecology, Industrial Symbiosis, Waste, Steel [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Sustainable Manufacture: Study and Analysis of the Combination Adoption of Cleaner Production and Lean Production Techniques G. V. Rizzo, A. Batocchio (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: Currently the industries are deploying new technologies and strategies to enable the improvement of process and increase the productivity in the value chain, for this, recovery and reuse techniques was applied. Current techniques show many similarities, this converge to the elimination of waste and reuse this in the process, which generates operational advantages that allow increased the productivity. In this work, was presented and studied the different techniques applied to manufacture, including the concept of sustainability, through the analysis and combined adoption for cleaner production and lean production concepts, so that will be discussed for the application in production processes. These adoption present associated benefits in reducing impacts to the environment than approach the resources used in the process. Keywords: Cleaner production, lean production, tools articulation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable of Tomatoes Supply Chain Management – Cases of Study CAMILO, R.; MANO, T. B.; ROCHA, L. B.; ALMEIDA, R. A. de; REZENDE, R. V. de P.; RAVAGNANI, M. da a. S. S. (UEM)
|
Abstract: It is important to think about ways to reduce costs and also minimize negative environmental impacts in the fruits and vegetables supply chain, seeking to improve the distribution system of these products for markets and benefits for society. An innovative approach to supply chain (SC) management requires a general bi-objective optimization framework that incorporates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles. Linear Programming (LP) is a powerful mathematical technique that can be used as a tool in LCA. The objective of this work is to make an environmental and economic evaluation of the SC of tomatoes for the region of the Umuarama city, Brazil, accounting for different process configurations. The production of tomatoes has an important participation in the region economy. The scope of work encompasses three levels of decision-making within the life cycle: producers, warehouses and markets. The information gathering was performed from interviews with the producers, the supermarkets and the warehouses involved. The LCA study applied in this work was carried out according to ISO 14044/2009. A model of multiobjective LP was developed for the environmental and economic evaluation of SC and the global optimization solved with CPLEX 12.1 algorithm available on GAMS®, accounting for different environmental and economic charges simultaneously. As a result, the Pareto frontier was found offering a number of feasible options for system improvements. There are possibilities for improvement in the Tomato Supply Chain Management, since changes in process configuration can be translated into minimization of costs and environmental impacts. Keywords: Optimization, Life Cycle Assessment, Sustainability Management, Value Chain, Tomato |
||
Sustainable Operations and Process Safety Management Systems: Implications for the Offshore Oil Industry and Petrobras GIMENES, F. (PETROBRAS); SILVA NETO, R. (IFF); SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Winnipeg, Canada)
|
Abstract: Recently, new processing dynamics of potentially dangerous products has increased flows, pressures, temperatures and other variables used in the process industries. With these new processing dynamics, the risk of major accidents around the world also increased. Due to the occurrence of major accidents, laws and regulations have been created to try to prevent this type of events, aiming to protect people, assets, the environment and corporate image. Management systems for process safety are used as a series of blocking barriers to prevent the development of major accidents. For the oil industry, there are some recommended practices from multiples institutes and government agencies. By employing a descriptive case study and documental analysis, the present study aims to compare the existing Process Safety Management Systems with the Health, Safety and Environment management system of a world leader energy company. More specifically, this research maps, compares and verifies which elements of these established management systems have been incorporated to the organization’s HSE management system and provides a series of recommendations for practice and policy as well as contributions to the literature. Keywords: Process Safety Management; Major Accidents; Loss Prevention, Environment Protection
|
||
Sustainable Performance: A Paradigm Inducing New Needs of Interoperability Between Maintenance and Scheduling Activities in Manufacturing SENECHAL O.; TRENTESAUX D.; PIRES S. (UVHC, France); LOURES, E. R.; SANTOS, E. A. P. (PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: Sustainability, or more precisely the sustainable performance as the social, economic and environmental balance, is a new paradigm for production systems having consequences on their management.In this context, thesplit of performance in the three dimensionsefficiency-effectiveness-relevance, find a new utility to build decision supports for this management.In this paper, we firstly show what are the new stakes related to these three dimensions. We then point the impact of two short-term activities on these dimensions of sustainable performance: scheduling of manufacturing tasks and maintenance of manufacturing systems. We review some scientific works on these subjects, and we show how some of them could contribute to needed efficiency, effectiveness and relevance.This review leads us to discuss the needs of interoperability of maintenance activities and manufacturing scheduling, to underline scientific issues related to this interoperability, and to propose future research directions to improve it. Keywords: sustainability, manufacturing scheduling, maintenance, interoperability, ontology
|
||
Sustainable Production: An Approach of Occupational Health and Safety in the Auto Parts Industry in Hermosillo, Mexico A. Marín; N. Munguía, L. Veláquez (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: The Mexican Association of the Auto Industry (AMIA), together with the Secretariat of Economy of Mexico, has proposed the goal of duplicating the productive capacity for the auto parts industry by 2010. This implies that every place where an auto assembly plant exists become a manufacturing center for this productive sector within the country. As a consequence, the large amount of the implicit work in this industry includes processes, operations and materials that, in a major or minor extent, create risks for the workers health as well as the neighboring communities and the environment. In particular, occupational risks may result on ergonomic problems, or occupational diseases and accidents; besides of diminishing employees’ health, this can affect the productivity of the companies in a negative way or can prevent the generation of desirable healthy conditions for the surrounding communities. This paper aims at presenting the preliminary outcomes of a case study carried out into six auto parts facilities in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico, which include the following elements: a characterization of the auto parts industry; an evaluation of the health and safety programs in each of the studied companies through the US OSHA´s Program Evaluation Profile (PEP); an identification of cleaner production and pollution prevention practices implemented; and the workers’ perspectives about the occupational health and safety conditions through a questionnaire applied in their workplaces. Finally, a preliminary proposal is included about implementing sustainable production strategies, with emphasis in occupational health and safety issues, to improve the working conditions within the auto parts sector. Keywords: Sustainable production, occupational health and safety, auto parts industry
|
||
Sustainable Raw material use and Reduction of Effluent Residues and: Cases of Success S. G. G. Ley; D. S. A. Batista; A. P. Fittipaldi; A. J. Amorim (CTS SENAI-RJ); C. A. Syme (FIOCRUZ)
|
Abstract: The Cleaner Production (CP) Program uses the UN Environment Programme methodology with a focus in the sustainable development. The companies that use the CP Program include their ecoefficienty indicators in an international UN network. The starting point for CP consulting is the analysis of productive processes in order to find technology solutions to reduce the wastage of energy sources, raw materials and water, as well as reducing residues, effluents and emissions. This paper will be show four successful cases about CP methodology. Keywords: Implementation cleaner production, success cases, environment success [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Sustainable Supply Chain Management: The Missing Link of Social Sustainability MORAIS, D. O. C. (FGV); SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Manitoba - Canada)
|
Abstract: The social dimension of sustainability has been poorly investigated when compared to the environmental dimension, especially in sustainable supply chain management studies. This lack of attention is problematic for the theory and practice of managing sustainable supply chains. This research aims to help filling this gap and addresses the following question: how focal companies implement and manage social sustainability into their supply chains? The concepts of supply chain engagement and initial motivation shed additional light on the topic and taken together generate a useful model that can improve our understanding of the complex interactions between the management of supply chains and their social sustainability performance. We selected four cases of social initiatives undertaken by focal companies within their supply chains and used them as practical examples of the four different supply chain approaches to social sustainability developed in this paper. We finish the paper with implications of this research for the practice of supply chain management as well as contributions to the associated theory. Keywords: Supply Chain Social Sustainability, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Engagement, Sustainable Motivation, Sustainability |
||
Sustainable Supply Chains and Carbon Footprint, the Costa Rican Case ROBLES, N. (Costa Rica Tecnological Institute, Costa Rica)
|
Abstract: In this paper the sustainability of the supply chain is investigated and the main conditions required for its accomplishment are defined, including the importance that collaboration among the actors has in order to achieve it. In addition an overview of the industrial sector of Costa Rica is presented, with the characteristics of its supply chains and the main proposals for their sustainability. The usefulness of the carbon footprint indicator scope is analyzed in terms of sustainability, and some estimations of carbon emissions for situations derived from a supply chain network design are presented, demonstrating how worthwhile it is to analyze the network when promoting initiatives for sustainability. Finally, the paper proposes improvement options and challenges that industrial companies will need to affront in Costa Rica in order to achieve sustainability in the manufacturing sector and even more in the country. Keywords: Sustainability, supply chains, carbon footprint
|
||
Sustainable Value and Cleaner Production HENRIQUES, J.; CATARINO, J. (LNEG-Portugal)
|
Abstract: As defined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 1992, "eco-efficiency is achieved by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life-cycle to a level at least in line with the Earth’s estimated carrying capacity." Eco-Efficiency becomes then a management strategy, which aims at improving the economic and ecological efficiency of companies, attaining a higher Value with fewer inputs, materials and energy and fewer outputs, waste (i.e. pollution in the form of emissions and waste). The result is a higher Value for companies, defined as the relationship between the satisfaction of needs and the resources used in achieving that satisfaction, as well as the increase of their competitiveness. Using the synergies between tools used by Value Management (Value Analysis) and Eco-efficiency (Cleaner Production), the Sustainable Value methodology was developed, and it integrates the three aspects of Sustainability (economic, environment and social) in Value evaluation. The aim of this approach is to increase Sustainable Value of the study subjects (value subject being the application of the methodology to a specific subject) by evaluating their satisfaction levels taking into account environmental and social aspects. The resources used to attain that satisfaction of needs are also characterized in an explicit way in terms of environmental, social and economic aspects. To attain these results an eight phases working plan, to be developed by a team, is presented. To test and validate this methodology some projects have been developed, involving 19 enterprises where the approach was implemented. Those companies, in most cases Small and Medium ones, came from different activity areas and different regions covering almost the whole Portuguese territory. Also the results emerging from the application in the different companies are presented as well as conclusions and suggestions about some conditions that must be fulfilled for the success of the introduction and implementation of these approaches in a company. Keywords: Sustainable Value, Cleaner Production, Eco-efficiency, Value Analysis, Competitiveness
|
||
Sustainable Water Management in the University of Sonora, Mexico N. Munguía; M. Ojeda; L. Velázquez (UNISON - Mexico)
|
Abstract: Although water is an abundant resource in the planet, its quality has declined dramatically all over the world. Water pollution has affected oceans, rivers, lakes, and ponds, but mainly drinking water sources. Water scarcity is not only exacerbated by pollution but also by droughts. As a consequence, many countries around the world are experiencing water shortages and/or water crisis. Mexico is not the exception to this; neither does the state of Sonora which has been one of the most affected since its residents have suffered 12 years of drought and the effects of a growing urbanization. Therefore, water management has become a major challenge to sustain the economic growth in the region. Most of water pollutants are originated from human activities; consequently, it is possible to avoid them by implementing cleaner production and pollution prevention principles. With the purpose to take responsibility for conserving this resource, the University of Sonora, has implemented a Sustainability Management System (SMS) on campus which was third-party certified in July 2008. Thanks to this, the University of Sonora has become the first public higher education institution to get the ISO14001:2004 certification not only in Mexico but also in Latin America. This higher education institution is the biggest, most important and most prestigious university in both the capital city of Hermosillo and the state of Sonora, at the northwestern region of Mexico. It is a public university with 31,830 students in five campuses in the state. The purpose of the SMS is the protection of natural resources and the prevention, reduction and/or elimination of environmental and occupational risks generated by the members of the university community when using resources in order to fulfill its substantive functions of teaching, research, outreach & partnership, and stewardship. Although this presentation focuses on the sustainable management of water, the reader must be aware that this effort is part of a wider strategy for transforming the University of Sonora in a sustainable university. Water consumption is one of the significant environmental aspects along with energy consumption, hazardous materials and non-hazardous materials use. The aim of this presentation will be at describing a case study constructed through direct participation in the design, operation and maintenance of the University of Sonora’s Sustainability Management System during the last six months. Updated qualitative and quantitative indicators will be available at the time of the presentation. Findings of this presentation will provide more insights for enriching the actual debate about how to prevent, eliminate and reduce water use inefficiencies on campus, and in that way, contributing to the actual stock of knowledge towards achieving sustainability in universities. Keywords: Water quality, sustainability management system, ISO 14001 |
||
SusUrbia – Sustainable Urban Life Beyond Peak Oil D. A. Bergquist (Uppsala CSD - Sweden)
|
Abstract: Cities are highly dependent on fossil energy. Mechanization of agriculture has resulted in a situation where food is produced and transported to urban areas by using significant quantities of fossil fuels. While there is little dispute that oil will ultimately peak, recent estimates indicate that fossil energy use in food production also contributes some 25% of global CO2 emissions. With less available fossil energy, and to reduce climate change, providing future urban populations with food hence imply a major challenge. This paper therefore explores urban agriculture as a strategy for reducing climate change derived from food production, and for sustaining urban life in times of increasing energy and resource scarcity. Past experiences are examined, mainly from Cuba, with the purpose to explore some common opportunities and constraints of urban agriculture as a strategy for sustainable development. The paper also presents a recently initiated research project on urban agriculture in Brazil. The project will run until the end of 2010 and includes case studies and participatory fieldwork on urban agriculture in Rio de Janeiro. By applying a trans-disciplinary approach to urban agriculture, the study explores opportunities and constraints for increasing urban self-sufficiency, sustainability and food security, while decreasing energy consumption at aggregate levels of society. In the study, the methodologies Emergy Synthesis, Participatory Learning and Action and Participatory Rural Appraisal are used in parallel. Few previous studies have in this way applied physical and social science methodologies simultaneously to urban agriculture. At this point, some preliminary results from the study are discussed, emphasizing methods of farming and experiences among urban dwellers. The paper then concludes by relating these local aspects to global issues of energy use, climate change and sustainable development. Keywords: Urban agriculture, peak oil, climate change, sustainable development, Brazil |
||
System Tools Design for Diseconomy and Collaborative Social Learning of Green Sustainable Technology Managements: Networking for Eco Design Project Construction for Food, Feed and Fuel from Wastes PANNIRSELVAM, P. V. (UFRN); SANTOS, J. M. (Public School-SP); TEIXEIRA, C. (INT); CARDOSO, M.; GÓIS, M.; CANSIAN, M. M.; CABRAL, J. B.; FAGUNDES, M. (UFRN)
|
Abstract: The training, social learning and knowledge-based activities of our work has the aim at integrating the learners with situations and problems related to the small and mini enterprise product, energy and environment, with focus on pollution prevention with the use of sustainable technologies and industrial activities allowing them to act and provide solutions and projects, based on the innovative modern multimedia visual methods .In this work, we are making use of technological resources of social network available today much of the population. The system tools and methods include the use of computational tools for third-generation Web, design implementation of multimedia, collaborative online real-time implementation of reading practice, tests and exams in the home network via the Internet, use of online resources for video conference including sound, image and text, and use of social networking tools integrated with online search based on Google plus and SAP stream work. The complex system of Web server and programming language for database tools are all integrated as a platform following the philosophy of free software, open source, makes it the ideal environment for the development of system tools for bioenergy from wastes project. The experience we succeed to implement a hybrid system involving the several web servers, in cloud operating in conjunction with the open source Wuala e digital Incubator Tidia as knowledge management. However also there is a need for Google plus and sap stream work integrated with Google apps as the tools of sharing multimedia content and dynamic database. In an interactive and integrated way the system tools are more flexible and more secure system. Collaborative Social learning of Green Sustainable Technology Managements, and Ecodesign Project construction for Food ,Feed and Fuel from wastes is made successfully passive buy building several blogs and internet sites with several system tools outlined. Keywords: Development, bioenergy, networking tools integrated, Sustainable Technology Managements
|
||
Systematic Literature Review on Cleaner Production and Quality Tools and Techniques POLTRONIERI, C. F.; OLIVEIRA, J. A.; KOMESU, A. S. (USP); CARRILLO-REYES, J. (Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica-Mexico); OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: The business environment is presented as one of the major causes of environmental impacts, particularly with regard to the production sector. The Cleaner Production (CP) in turn is considered a major strategy to increase eco-efficiency in production. The use of quality tools and techniques can enable and maximize the use of this strategy in organizations. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the main use of quality tools and techniques to aid deployment and management procedures for CP companies. There will be a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in two of the principal international databases of journals to identify the simultaneous use of tools and techniques of quality practices with CP. Keywords: Cleaner Production, CP, Quality tools, Quality techniques [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Systematization and Classification of Cleaner Production Practices, Techniques and Tools PESCIM, G. F.; ESPOSTO, K. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) is a preventive environmental management approach aimed at reducing pollution at source. Despite the success stories, the literature indicates barriers that hamper the implementation and dissemination of CP in companies. Among these barriers are the lacks of detailed and systematized information on practices that generate results and can be applied in CP implementation process. The main objective of this work is to systematize and classify the practices, techniques and tools of Cleaner Production to support companies in the implementation of Cleaner Production. For this, 357 practices were identified by means of a systematic review (159 classified as management practices and 196 classified as operational practices) and 77 techniques / tools. The practices, techniques and tools were classified according to the stages of the Cleaner Production methodology and its application scope (process, product and value chain) to indicate in which steps it can support the implementation of the methodology. In addition, operational practices were classified in relation to the Cleaner Production strategy adopted and environmental aspects for which they establish control and the techniques / tools were classified according to its functional types to specify which practices can be supported by their application. Keywords: Cleaner production, CP, Practices, Techniques and Tools [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Systematization of Actions and its Respective Sustainability Indicators as Part of the Development of a Support Tool for Water Resources Management in Watersheds CORRÊA, M. A.; TEIXEIRA, B. A. N. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: The present article aims to present the methodology proposed to development of a Water Resources Management Support Tool (denominated FAGRH) to River Basins, supplying decision process with subsidies correlated to sustainability concept, integrating different dimensions (ecological, economical, social, cultural and politics). The sustainability main concept that oriented the research was, “the development that foresees satisfies the needs of the present generation without compromising the chance for future generations to satisfy their” (Brundtland Report, 1987). The FAGRH will be composed by Sustainability Indicators (SI), related to conditions or situations correlated to water resources management. The SI are tools that can be used as support to systematize existing information and to evaluate water resources situation at specific moments, allowing to foresee tendencies to future, to analyze sceneries, compare them in time and space, and, finally, to collaborate in decision processes. The FAGRH should be structured based in Decision Support Systems (DSSs) concepts, considering the consent that DSSs were adapted for water resources planning and management. The multi criteria analysis method was capable to aid choice process, alternatives ordination or classification and also to incorporate multiple aspects. This method will make possible join diversified problematic conditions, several sustainability dimensions, as well as integrate different stakeholders' opinions. The FAGRH will correlate some conditions previously measured by SI and potentials actions to mitigate, to correct or to prevent them. The alternative selection should attend previously defined goal for Basin Committee, and will be proceed through stakeholders’ analysis about aspects as social, economic and environmental benefits, legal and institutional constraints, among others. Finally, the FAGRH should guarantee wide participation of Basin Committee actors' at decision process. In this way, the tool should still be accessible, comprehensible for technicians, as for users and all society members; and it will be structured in an electronic spreadsheet, simplifying its application and modification along the process. he FAGRH intend to collaborate in basin water resources situation diagnosis, and to elaborate prognostics and programs, projects and actions, composing or providing information for Basin’s Plans composition. Keywords: Water resources management, sustainability indicators, basin and support tool.
|
||
T - Z |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
Technological Innovation and Sustainability in the Sugar Cane Chain Z. A. I. de Miranda (Independent Researcher) |
Abstract: This paper assesses the present pattern of interactions between universities, public research institutes and industrial firms in Brazil and the sugar cane business chain. The proposal is to identify and analyze possible links between universities, research institutes and enterprises for the scientific, technological and economic activity of the so called “sugar cane territory”, as well as the existence of some kind of link between these activities and sustainable management of this territory. This is done in light of a context of a late development of institutions and industrialization. Recent research points to a depletion of incremental improvement in the production of ethanol by the current route of fermentation of sugar cane, restricting the increase of production to increase in area planted. The expansion of sugarcane may result in increased of deforestation, fire, contamination of aquifers, and the historical problematic work relations in the field. The databases analyzed in this research are: CNPq Directory of Research Groups and FAPESP-BIOEN Program. The relevance of this study is based on the strong expansion of cane cultivation, and the need to produce knowledge directed to social and environmental sustainability of this activity to support the definition of public policies for technological innovation and environmental management. Keywords: Technological innovation, environmental management, sugar cane business chain [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Temporary and Typological Series of the Administrative Procedures of the Municipal Environmental System ALENCAR, S. K. P. (Amaju - Brazil); EL-DEIR, S. G. (UFRPE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: Environmental impact assessment is a useful tool for identifying, quantifying and defining measures to mitigate potential impacts. This serves as the basis for the license, legally provided for undertakings with potential impact. It´s observed that the municipalization of the licensing may allow them to come into contact, seeking synergistic processes of local partnerships, both in order to make their business viable, as well as to exchange experiences, as well as to search for new markets. By means of a case study, as well as a bibliographical and documentary survey, we intend to analyze a time series from 2012 to 2017 of the environmental licensing data. It´s observed that 2017 presented a greater number of licenses, with the Regularization of Operating License being the most frequent procedure in all the years. As for the other procedures, the Environmental Services Authorization presented a high number in 2017, being the most frequent procedure in most other years. The economic activities with potential pollution was typified in four groups of similarity, which are related to the sectorial potential impact, and this study has relevance so that the environmental licensing precepts procedures are more in tune with the real impact potential of the activities. Keywords: Environmental licensing; Impact; Economic activity. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Tendencies of Environmental Performance of Brazil FARIA, L. (IFSULDEMINAS/UNIP)
|
Abstract: The regional systems depend on natural resources and resources from the economy to produce goods and services, however, such systems have been sustained by the use of natural resources, which puts their sustainability at risk. The process depletes the environmental resources, thus causing divergence between economic development and environmental protection. Thus, it becomes necessary to create policies that can minimize the use of those resources without compromising economic growth. This paper aims to monitor the environmental performance of Brazil by using environmental accounting indicators in emergy, in order to provide subsidies to the development of sustainable public policies that are geared towards economic and environmental sustainability. The results of the environmental accounting in emergy of Brazil for 2011 were compared with those published by Demetrius (2011); such results show that the nation’s environmental performance has worsened from 2007 to 2011 as the use of renewable resources fell from 41% to 22%; the use of non-renewable resources has been intensified to a rate of 43%; the environmental load rose from 1.5 to 3.5, and the sustainability index rose from 4.6 to 2.2. In addition, the use of renewable resources, non-renewable and economy was monitored using the emergy ternary diagram. It was verified that the Brazilian economy has been developing economically under an increasing use of non-renewable resources. Keywords: Environmental accounting emergy. Use of natural resources, Environmental performance of Brazil, Regional systems [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The action research as instrument of enhancement of the materiality process CARPEJANI, P. (PUC-PR - Brazil); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E.; GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR - Brazil); MACHADO, C. G. (Chalmers University of Technology – Sweden); SAHEB, D.; VOSGERAU, D.S.A.R.; RIESEMBERG, R. R. C. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This research has a goal of understanding the implementation of the theory of materiality in the perspective of enterprise sustainability. Since the approach of conduction of the application is not clear, it was necessary to perform an action research to check the main barriers on the application of the theory organized by the Global Report Initiative. In this regard, the research has used the concepts of Flipped Classroom with students of two classes of the sixth semester of Industrial Engineering. The understanding and interpretation of these data was made by content analysis through the software ATLAS.ti. As result and main academic contribution, this research preceded a real application on the enterprise environment. Thus, in addition to eliminate potential problems of development of the approach, this article has the role of being the link between theory and practice during the application of the materiality in corporative environments. The limitation of the article is exposed during the sampling, where these students do not have much professional experience. But this little practical experience of the students can also be witnessed in the companies through his employees, who many times do not know the theory. The aspect of originality is presented, till then, the first research that simulates a real application of materiality. Keywords: Materiality, Action Research, Flipped Classroom, Content Analysis, Teaching in Higher Education.
|
||
The Adoption of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in the Brazilian Automotive Industry LOPES, L. J. (UNIMEP); SACOMANO NETO, M. (UFSCar); SILVA, E. M. (UNIMEP); LOPES, F. C. C. (Center of Sugarcane Technology)
|
Abstract: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) considers all the environment effects in all processes of the supply chain, from the extraction of the raw materials to the final destination of the products (EMMETT e SOOD, 2010). GSCM has been studied and researched intensively on the last decades, especially at the international level, for example, studies conducted by Srivastava (2007), studies conducted in China, by Zhu, Sarkis and Lai (2007) and Zhu, Sarkis, Cordeiro and Lai (2008b), as well as study conducted in Thailand by Seksan, Tossapol and Pilada (2009). Although the theme is explored internationally over the past decade, few studies have been found in Brazil. For Beamon (1999), the trend of environmental degradation indicates the need for change in manufacturing philosophy. The new environment era represents a new challenge for companies worldwide. The challenge is to develop different ways in industrial growth and environmental protections are integrated. Based on these aspects, this work has as main objective to check the level of application of the concepts and practices of GSCM in the Brazilian automotive sector. In order to reach this objective was developed an exploratory, descriptive, analytical and qualitative research, done through a survey. Data’s collection was carried out collected through a standardized questionnaire, with relevant and structured questions about the GSCM. This questionnaire had been sent by the internet (web survey) to the automotive companies affiliated to Anfavea and automotive parts, affiliated to Sindipeças. In total, 77 completed questionnaires were received, constituting a sample of 15.88% of the population. For data analysis, statistical techniques were used, such as descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The research results showed that the practice of waste management is the most widely adopted by companies in the Brazilian automotive sector. On the other hand, the practical of green design and green buildings are the least adopted. With the pressure from stakeholders to follow the environment requirements, this study gains importance, nationally and internationally, once it explores the practices that reflect the environmental commitment of the automobile organizations. Keywords: Green supply chain management; sustainable supply chain management; environmental performance and reverse logistics. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Advancement of Sustainable Production of Low-Income Housing BOTELHO, W. C.; VENDRAMETTO, O.; MOLLO, M.; (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This work occupied to present the principles and the requirements for the construction of low-income housing on the quality, technology and sustainability. The study has been guided for the productive chain of civil construction and their links. He studied the interference of productive processes and this innovative technologically, with parameters of sustainable, proved to be the need of the establishment of a tool that would guarantee a comparative standard between these homes and the quality and sustainability. The data obtained by the survey were treated with the use of Fuzzy Logic Method. The objective of the research was achieved by research and obtained a process to ensure a comparative standardization, as to quality, technology and sustainability. The study was developed for low-income housing. Keywords: Production, environment; sustainability; low-income housing; construction. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Artisan Paper Recycling as a Strategy of Community Environment Education from UNIOESTE – Foz do Iguaçu Campus GARCIA, F. S. (UNIOESTE - Brazil)
|
Abstract: With the laws and state regulations, the University of the West of Paraná – UNIOESTE cannot stop producing printed documents, which brings a big volume of paper that is discarded. To be in compliance with the Law nº12.305/2010 the project “Your Role in Society” was created, within it the paper discarded on the administrative sectors is collected, separated and artisan recycled. That recycled paper then returns to the administrative sectors in the form of institutional interest products. The project has evolved going beyond the University walls, being transformed into an extension project. That is the reason that the main objective has turned into the offering of recycling and good sustainability practices workshops, meeting the needs of public and private organizations and the community in general, initially the focus will be mainly with the institutions there are geographically close to UNIOESTE – Foz do Iguaçu Campus. At those workshops it is possible to replicate the artisan recycling technique, provide learning and fun in case it is being applied to kids, and train multipliers in case it is being applied to professionals. Furthermore, the team counts with an assistant professor, specialized in Chemical Engineering, that analyses the effluents resulting the artisan production, suggesting methods and processes to minimize even more the aggressions to the environment. Keywords: Environment management, social and environment responsibility, paper artisan recycling. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Artisan Recycling on UNIOESTE - Foz do Iguaçú Campus GARCIA, F. S.; MARTINES, A. I. T. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: Considering the laws and regulations of Paraná State, the University of the West of Paraná – UNIOESTE can’t stop producing printed documents, which brings a big volume of paper that is discarded. To attend the dispositions of the Law nº12.305/2010 the project “Your Role in Society” was created, within it the paper discarded on the administration sectors is collected, separated and artisan recycled. That new paper returns to the administrations sectors in a new shape of institutional interesting products. The actions accomplished by the project encompass the offer of recycling workshops, where it is possible to replicate the artisan recycling technique, several times doing a social work, considering the attendance of demands of public schools. Besides that, the team counts with an assistant professor, specialized in Chemical Engineering, that analyses the effluents beget by the artisan production, suggesting methods and processes that make possible to minimize even more the aggressions to the environment. Keywords: environment management, social and environment responsibility, paper artisan recycling [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
The Bullwhip Effect in Closed Loop Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review BRAZ, A. C.; DE MELLO, A. M.; VASCONCELOS GOMES, L. A.; NASCIMENTO, P. T. S. (USP)
|
Abstract: The bullwhip effect one of the most studied phenomenon in forward supply chains is also growing interest from the academia to be studied in closed loop supply chains. This paper aims to compare the bullwhip effect causes and factors in forward supply chains with those for closed loop supply chains. The methodology used was a systematic literature review of the papers that were published in academic journals and conferences about bullwhip effect in closed loop supply chains. We find that the factor: increasing product return rate to mitigate or decrease the bullwhip effect was quantitatively the most representative, since this factor is fundamentally inherent of the closed loop supply chains dynamics, we have proposed that implementing the closed loop supply chains instead of the forward supply chains can reduce or even eliminating the bullwhip effect. Keywords: closed loop supply chain, bullwhip effect |
||
The Cleaner Production Applied to a Small Industry of the Furniture Sector: Economic and Environmental Efficiency M. Oliveira; F. A. Araújo (UFJF)
|
Abstract: Applying the methodology of Cleaner Production promotes observation and assessment processes under the focus of the economy in the use of resources and minimizing waste generation. Thus, it is possible to reconcile the productive and economic efficiency with environmental performance. With the data collected in the furniture sector industry that have successfully implemented the practice of Cleaner Production, this article will present a case study on the approach discussing the results achieved by the company in relation to water consumption, consumption of electric energy, generation of waste from steel plate, generation of waste polymer and final destination of the waste industry. The aim is to demonstrate how Cleaner Production contributes to the sustainability of production processes, especially in small and medium enterprises. Keywords: Cleaner Production, efficiency, small and medium enterprises [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Cleaner Production in a Research and Education Institute: Bibliometric Study J. A. Guedes, G. C. De-Simone, M. M. L. Barata (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production is a United Nation’s program developed to offer support in order for companies to be managed according to the concept of eco-efficiency, whose objective is to increase the offer of high-quality products and services that cause less environmental impact. The Cleaner Production program, which has been implemented in laboratories of Oswaldo Cruz Institute since 2007, is also known as “Cleaner Research”. The aim of this article is to evaluate the current situation of Cleaner Production in the realm of research institutions all over the world through a bibliometric study. For the accomplishment of this study, a survey of articles on this subject on the main electronic journals’ websites was conducted. The articles chosen had been pre-selected by title amongst those that showed the implementation of an environmental management system in a research institution. Only nine of them showed concrete results of Cleaner Production in practice and the prevention of pollution within institutions. These contained case studies on the implementation and adoption of such a system in universities. The other articles were related to the practice of sustainability in the context of the university’s syllabus, such as environmental education, but without demonstrating results within the university campus. Keywords: Cleaner production, research institute, environmental management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Cleaner Production Tool and the Management of Phosphorus in the Environment W. S. Paganini C. M. G. de Quevedo (FSP/USP -SABESP)
|
Abstract: The development of strategies for management of phosphorus in the environment has been considered, increasingly, of great importance for the maintainance of the quality of life. This is because besides the correlation of phosphorus with the deterioration of water resources due to eutrophication, it is projected a decrease in availability of natural reserves of this nutrient, which are finite and non-renewable. Thus, besides the discussions on ways to strengthen the protection of waters, tools for source control and recycling of phosphorus in the environment are assessed, in order to ensure the sustainability of known and exploitable stocks of this nutrient in an integrated way. Given the above, our objective is to discuss the dynamics of phosphorus in the environment, presenting the experiences already adopted, to rationalize the use and the management of the nutrient, discussing the importance of introducing the concepts of Cleaner Production. As an illustration, we present a scaling potential load of phosphorus released daily into the waters of the Tiete river, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, from urban and agricultural activities developed in the watershed. It is verified that the Cleaner Production emerges as an important tool for pollution prevention and management support, as it can contribute to reduce emissions and for implementing changes in production processes, helping them to improve the perception of this subject by producers and consumers, and the fulfillment of public policies for environmental preservation. Keywords: Phosphorus, environment, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Cleaner Prodution Applied in a Group of Restaurants in Paraíba L. R. Porto; A. F. F. Queiroga; E. M. M. A. Nóbrega; E. P. Almeida; T. C. B. P. Silva (CEPIS-PB); I. Costa (IFET-PB)
|
Abstract: In the cooking process, the waste related to the water, energy, gas and another sources consumption, are so significant that they represent a big impact in the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product and it is considered a great damage in a country’s economics. The Cleaner Technologies use presents as an essential tool on the modern society to fulfil the environmental needs of a sustainable development, besides it is useful to take the companies to get new customers, energy and natural resources savings, and reduction of losses and waste. In this way, this paper had, as general goal, the analysis of the food processing of five restaurants in Campina Grande – Paraíba, using for this analysis the Cleaner Production methodology to identify potentials to reduce waste, and optimize the process and the energetic efficiency. The result of this study shows that the Cleaner Production adoption allied to the construction of an environmental politics, written and communicated to the whole staff can improve the competition for the companies, since one of its advantages is the image improvement of the company besides the keeping of current and future customers. Keywords: Cleaner production, restaurants, waste [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The CONAMA Resolution N º. 302 of 20 March 2002 and the Preconditions for Sustainable Management of the Area Surrounding the Artificial Reservoirs Filled by Invasive Plants G. P. Freitas, L. C. Ribas (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The Forest Code is an instrument command and control guiding, primarily, of the national policy and of the system of forestry production’s organization, and stimulates the planting of forests. Aside from the aspect of forest production of Forest Code, is found the worry with the environmental protection. Allied to this instrument of standardization, The National Council of The Environment (CONAMA in Portuguese) may be mentioned, in order of, issuing resolutions, consolidate tools susceptible of the regulation and complementary of various devices recommended by the Forest Code. In this article will be especially discussed the Resolution of CONAMA n. 302, of May 20, 2002. The purpose is the discussion the applicability of the resolution for sustainability for Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) the surroundings of artificial reservoirs. This discussion is based on a proposal for a human intervention in PPA of artificial reservoirs, aiming to control invasive species (Melinis minutiflora). We conclude that, focusing on the social, environmental and economic, it is possible to support a proposed technical plan for the establishment of grasses, planting native species and fruit trees, building of materials originating from timber and eco-friendly, thus enhancing even the objectives established in the National Policy on the Environment. Keywords: CONAMA, Resolution 302, sustainability, permanent protection areas, artificial reservoirs [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Conceptual Proposal of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic Module with Water Coil Cooling ZANLORENZI, G.; SZEJKA, A. L. (PUC-PR); SOUZA, T. M. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The Solar Photovoltaic (PV) modules present loss of generation potential because of the solar cells heating by solar irradiation. This loss occurs due to the increase of the layer between the P and N junction of the cell, instigating that for the same quantity of solar irradiation, the cooled cell has a greater potential in relation to the heated cell. The aim of this research is to propose a conceptual model of a cooling system for a Solar PV Module in order to achieve a generation potential superior to the same solar irradiation power. The development of the conceptual model used the 15 meters of copper tube in order to make the coil cooling, which it will be in contact with the superior part of the solar photovoltaic module. Aluminium plates were used to expand the thermal contact between Solar PV Module and Cool Fluid. The tests with the hybrid solar PV module in a real application show a temperature reduction of 14,6 ºC in relation to the original Solar PV Module. This temperature reduction increases in 21.1 W of the power rating in the peak of energy generation as well as leads to a gain of 1,16% of electrical efficiency. The conceptual proposal implementation shows a better use of solar energy, since the hybrid system increases the absorption of solar irradiation and heats the water that can be stored in a suitable container for future use. Finally, the calculus of the hybrid efficiency of the module presents a utilization of the irradiation in 36.93%, that is, a gain of 222.25% in relation to the original system, which reached an efficiency of 11.46% during the peak of energy generation. Keywords: Solar Energy, Efficiency, Solar PV Hybrid System, Water Coil Cooling, Heat Transfer [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Contribution of Cleaner Production in the Improvement of Work Conditions and Workers Health: A Case Study E. C. Batiz (SOCIESC); M. G. Farias (UDESC)
|
Abstract: The present article brings to discussion a very interesting and up to date aspect: the synergy between Work Security, Health and Hygiene, Ergonomics and Cleaner Production. A case study has been developed in a chemistry laboratory of a university in order to assess the main causes of sonorous pollution and the consequent use of disposable ear protectors (EPI’s). Noise level measurements were conducted in some specific points of the laboratory. Results showed two main causes of noise generation: i) maintenance plains that were not fulfilled, and ii) lack of concern for keeping the laboratory environment free of noise. Based on the concepts of Cleaner Production all the centrifugal machines were submitted to corrective maintenance, including cleaness and substitution of parts. This procedure resulted in the reduction of pressure noise levels in approximately 17 dB, below de noise level that required the use of EPI’s. This also created better working conditions and economy by the reduction of solid residue generation. It was verified strong synergy between Work Security, Health and Hygiene, Ergonomics and Cleaner Production in the improovement of the work conditions, besides the elimination or reduction of residues and increasing in the workers security and health. Keywords: Work conditions, sonorous pollution, cleaner production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Contribution of Sustainability In Project Success: Managers’s Perpective in Brazilian Companies MARTENS, M. L.; CARVALHO, M. M. (USP)
|
Abstract: This quantitative research aims to identify the contribution of sustainability in project management on project success. As methodology was used the survey method. Questionnaires online were sent to professionals responsible for project management, and it was obtained 143 valid answers. Research data were treated with multivariate statistical analysis through Structural Equation Modelling using SmartPLS Software. The results confirm the hypothesis that sustainability in project management contribute to project success with 95% of probability. The economic dimension of sustainability has been the dimension most used when we compare with the environmental and social dimension, especially in industrial sector. In the sample, the social dimension has been the second dimension most applied. In addition, the study highlightthe lack of research about sustainability in project management as well as the need of improvements on business practices. Keywords: Sustainability, project management, sustainability in project management, project success [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Contribution of the NGOs, Associations and Foundations to Promote Production and Consumption of Green Products RITTER, A. M.; BORCHARDT, M.; PEREIRA, G. (UNISINOS)
|
Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the actions taken by NGOs, associations and foundations, which have a focused approach to environmental sustainability, to promote consumption and production of green products. A multiple case study was conducted in the South state of Brazil with x organizations and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The constructs were considered involvement in public policy, partnerships, social responsibility and economic development. The results suggest that interviewed are contributing to the development of laws and working in partnership with government agencies in search of incentives for green products. Interviewed also pointed the difficulty in obtaining financial resources, but on the other hand, little is observed partnerships with companies. It was also observed that there is a lack of educational projects for children. The studied organizations do not evaluate the economic development of the place where they work and therefore not directly measure the impact of their actions in this light. The appointed results indicate aspects that effectively contribute to promote consumption and the production of green products such as involvement in the drafting of laws and certification of organic products. It indicates, however, that there is potential to improve the actions of the studied organizations by strengthening partnerships with companies and by analyzing the actual financial return and nonfinancial of these actions. Keywords: Green product, NGOs, consumption green [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Correct Fate of the wastes of a cheese manufacture - an Analysis of Economic Viability L. Serpa; W. L. Priamo; V. Reginatto (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The cheese serum is rich in proteins, lactose, fats and proteins but considered a great one pollutant of the industry of dairy products. Currently is low used in the food industry and the great wasted volumes in effluent treatment correspondents to animal nutrition or sent to treatment systems with low efficiency, contaminating receiving bodies drastically and generating environmental problems as the biochemical demand. The objective of the present study is consider economically alternatives for the use and correct destination for the cheese serum originated from of cheese dairies of small, medium and big scale. Was used as methodological base a qualitative experimental research, with experimental data obtained in laboratory from of industrial cheese dairy. The analyses showed a cheese serum with average percentage of 93,70 % (± 0,49) of total solids, 0,84 % (± 0,04) of proteins and 4,99 % (± 0,22) of lactose. With to present organic load, presented as viable system, that where the serum can be destined for the concentration of solids through micro and ultrafiltration membranes, directing the proteins for the increase of the yield cheeses process, and the lactose for biofermentation, reducing DBO of the liquid sent to sources, and aggregating value to the industrialized product. Thus, concluded that economical viability of the use of the cheese serum can be obtained through some viable alternatives for industries with different scales of production. Keywords: Cheese whey, separation for membranes, ultrafiltration [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Design within the Contexts of National Policy for Solid Waste, Cleaner Production and Sustainability MIGLIANO, J. E. B. (FEI)
|
Abstract: The awareness about the natural resource limits and the effects of mankind activities over the atmosphere and planet climate are increasing among countries government, industries and societies, provoking reflections in a worldwide basis and are generating new concepts and compromises, such as Sustainability, as defined by the 96th General Assembly of the United Nations in 1987, Cleaner Production as the Declaration of Seoul in 1998, Agenda 21 from Rio 92 among others, creating a fertile field for public policies addressingof environmental subjects, aiming for conscious consumption of goods, better management of production resources, reduction of residues generation, post consumed goods recycling or its final disposition in a proper wayas well. Above trend early leaded mostly by developed countries, is being followed by others and, in the Brazilian case, after more than twenty years of discussion at the Congress, the National Policy for Solid Waste (NPSW) was published and covers:principles, objectives and instruments for solid waste treatment and its correct final disposition, aside ofaddressing responsibilities for all parts involved, such as: government, industry, commerce, importers, service providers and consumers. Enforces the polluter-pay principle, introduces the provider-receive concept, as well as the shared responsibility for end of life products withimplementation of Reverse Logistic System (RLS) mechanism for several goods, aiming, at the same time, for material and energy recovery, social inclusion of waste pickers cooperatives, subject to act as partners in the RLS processes, aside of showing important synergies with CP Compromises, Life Cycle Thinking and Sustainability concepts either. Thus, the NPSW combined with the CP Compromises, createsa challenging new endeavor for designers, engineers and managers in charge of products, processes and management models conception as they have to consider; aside of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) tool for better understanding of consumers demands; other tools and strategies to address properly the economic, social and environmental aspects, such as: the Design for Environment (DfE), Design for Manufacturing (DfM), Design for Recycling (DfR), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) among others briefly discussed in this work of exploratory and deductive survey on applied social sciences and production engineering. Therefore, this workis lacking of pretension to exhaust these themes, but mostly intend to generate reflections on above provocative andcreative subjects and, at the same time,providea broad view on concepts, models, standards and references for beginners and, perhaps, some hints for peers deeperresearches. Keywords: Design, public policies, life cycle thinking, cleaner production, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Development of Cleaner Production Actions Through an International Agreement Sealed Between Brazil And Switzerland J. B. de Freitas; I. Costa; M. L. de Almeida; J. A. dos Santos
|
Abstract: The pursuit for environment preservation became to be a crucial tool to enterprises that wish to keep in global market. In this context, this article aims to present and discuss the international agreement of technical and scientific cooperation between Swiss Government and SEBRAE-PB, which result in the diffusion and implementation of clean technologies. To achieve the purposed objective, it was performed a bibliographic and documental research to explore aspects related to technologies turning to clean production and their relation with sustainable development. Besides, it was obtained information through technical visits to institutions and companies involved with the pursuit for optimizing their productive process by clean production technologies. The use of this observations contributed for a better understanding on the agreement, which represents a valuable instrument for the sustainable development process due to the possibility of providing qualification for productive agents as well as advices that may contribute to modify rudimental methods used, which might cause natural resources degradation and environmental problems to Paraiba’s Semi-arid. Keywords: Clean production, environment management, social responsability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Environmental Accounting in the Methodology of Ecodesign: Using Emergy as a Quantitative Measure of the Evaluation of Environmental Stress. The Case of the PET Packages A. J. M. Rodrigues; B. F. Giannetti; C. M. V. B. Almeida; Silvia H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The present scenario indicates a collapse situation of the natural resources, and there is a call for significant changes in the production and current consumption models so sustainable development can be reached. Ecodesign comes as an important tool for the accomplishment of environmental requirements. Lately, several proposals have been presented to aid the designer in developing greener products. These proposals provide general parameters and are not capable of specifically analyzing a product or process. Searching for new forms contribution from design to the development of sustainable products, the introduction of the environmental accounting in the methodology of product design is proposed, through the use of sustainability indicators. This work aims to present a simplified tool to aid decision-making in the methodology of design of products in the process of materials selection and industrial processes. Keywords: Sustainable development, ecodesign, environmental accounting, emergy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Environment and Production Processes, the Concern of the Energy Management and Productive Resources in Companies of São Paulo C. Machado Junior; C. J. Furlaneto (IMES)
|
Abstract: This paper develops a survey in enterprises in the Greater São Paulo, to determine whether the approach adopted in the management of its resources has socio-environmental concerns. The socio-environmental approach is noted by the presence of control and reduction actions of the resources used in their production processes or in the daily activities of human resources who work there. The features studied were: the electricity, gas, water. To achieve the research objectives we carried out a survey of the theoretical framework of the main approaches to environmental management, enabling the understanding of the context that guides this work. The methodology creates conditions to establish an overview of how is the management of organizations in control and resource consumption reduction actions. Information obtained are arranged in a set of graphics that enables understanding how a significant group of companies practicing the management of its resources for the benefit of the environment. Keywords: Management practices, enviromental control, social-environment view [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The ESG-Environmental, Social and Governance Performance in Different Institutional Environments GARCIA, A. S.; ORSATO, R.; MENDES-DA-SILVA, W. (FGV)
|
Abstract: Considering the institutional, cultural and regulatory differences between countries, this research investigates the differences between the performance of ESG-Environmental, Social and Governance and its relation with the financial performance of companies from emerging and developed countries. Through the ASSET4 database, the panel data methodology was used with 2,165 companies from developed and emerging countries. The results allow us to accept the hypotheses raised that there is a prevalence of the institutional environment in relation to financial performance and ESG performance. In addition, it was also found that companies from controversial sectors have better performance ESG than companies from other sectors. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, ESG performance, sustainability |
||
The Financial Services Sector and the Transition towards the Green Economy in Brazil MORAES, S. S.; DEUS, R. M.; BATTISTELLE, R. A. G. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: This study aims to discuss the contribution of the financial services sector to the transition towards a Green Economy in Brazil. By means consultation of documents and scientific articles published on the theme and the visit to the official website of the Brazilian Federation of Banks (FEBRABAN), we conducted the research. The main topic studied was the environment and Green Economy, by means analyzing the publications related on the “Café com Sustentabilidade” topic. The results show that from the agreements and regulations and specific laws, such as the Paris Agreement, the Forest Code and Resolution 4327 of April 2014, the banking sector has sought partnerships to discuss and create programs and actions that contribute to the transition towards a Green Economy. The goals of Paris Agreement signed by Brazil in 2015 highlights and covers the sectors with significant potential for pollution. As the banking industry finances investments in the sectors studied, there is an excellent opportunity to improve the environmental conditions in the execution of such enterprises from the contribution of the banking sector through the release of resources and supervision. Keywords: Banks, Agriculture, Sustainable Buildings, Forest Recovery |
||
The Function of the University and the Cleaner Production as generating of innovation in Local Productive Arrangement - Furniture Sector M. G. Farias; A. C. Rocha; M. J. L. Hulmann (UDESC)
|
Abstract: This paper aims to demonstrate the importance and the results of the integration process of University of the State of Santa Catarina with the governmental issues, the business sectors and the society - in special, by means of the companies nets called “Local Productive Arrangements”, in the advances of the use of the concept in education on cleaner production for endorsement of the Sustainable Regional Development. Keywords: Sustainable development, local productive arrangement, cleaner production, furniture sector, innovation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Impact of the Cleaner Production Technologies in the Mining Productive Chain: The Case of Padua-RJ SILVA NETO, R. (IFF); SILVESTRE, B. S. (University of Winnipeg-Canada); BALLONI, F. (IFF)
|
Abstract: The industry of ornamental stones of Santo Antônio de Pádua, located in the northeast region of the state of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil, is currently the most important productive activity in the region. Despite this, companies make use of simple and rudimentary techniques, which causes serious environmental and competitiveness problems. In order to seek a reasonable sustainability standard for firms operating in the sector, many research, government and civil society organizations have tried to develop and diffuse technologies in order to enhance the industry’s competitiveness. However, some difficulties to diffuse technologies, especially to small companies, have arisen. The objective of this research paper is to describe and assess the use and implementation of these technologies as an important contribution for cleaner production and more sustainable approaches and attest that these technologies can represent partial solution for the practice of cleaner production systems in its broader and modern conceptualization. The research study used a qualitative approach and sought to work with multiple sources of evidence such as an extensive bibliographical review, multiple case studies with semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and industry professionals, in addition to technical visits to local companies. This paper considers that even with all the effort, the model used to address the lack of sustainability of the firms located in Padua was incomplete and the results were modest. The model was too focused on the technology development itself, but missing other aspects such as training of entrepreneurs and workers as well as the implementation of environmental management systems and adequate set of policies to back up these initiatives. Keywords: Cleaner production technologies, innovation, technological diffusion, mining, productive chain. |
||
The Implementation of a Cleaner Production Program in a ISO 14001 certified Steelmaking Company L. K. da Rocha ; C. A. M. Moraes; A. C. Garcia; F. A. Brehm; R. C. Gaspar; J. B. Schneider; P. R. Zambelan (UNISINOS); L. Z. Jaworski; G. Buaszczy; M. M. Nickhorn (Gerdau)
|
Abstract: About 90 to 95% of metallic alloys produced in whole world are steel, at the same time the impact to the environment from this production can be high. This work intends to discuss how a cleaner production program implemented in an already certified ISO 14001 steelmaking company can contribute to processes and products in a more environmentally sustainable steel. As the cost of end-of-pipe technologies and disposal in the industrial landfill has grown fast, the pollution prevention and minimization of waste generation became a more attractive investment. However, all collaborators from the steel plants must be aware of cleaner production to incorporate this knowledge in process and product projects, and participating as responsible to achieve better performance of the process in a continuous way. Keywords: Iron and steelmaking process, cleaner production, waste minimization [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Implementation of the Cleaner Production in the rubber industry - a case study G. C. Oliveira Neto (UNINOVE); L. E. C. Chaves; O. Vendrametto; J. B. Sacomano (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The increasing ecological awareness, ambient preservation, social justice and concern with the future generations directly are related the support of the companies. This article approaches the concept of Cleaner Production in an industry of rubber manufacture. The economic and ambient advantage in the rubbish recycling is boarded, applied in a small company of rubber manufacture in Brazil in the search for the modifications in its processes and the phases of the production cycle that can adjust the acceptable and ambiently conscientious criteria. Thus the financial benefit acquired in the recycling in the rubber production will be mentioned and the ambient benefit. For this intention the methodology of Intensity of Material will be used (Wuppertal Institute). The tool was applied to evaluate the benefits in the scale of the biosfera as consequence of the reduction of emissions on account of intervention Clean Production. Keywords: Cleaner production, rubber production, rubber recycling, sustainable [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Importance of Certifications and Construction Management Systems A. P. R. Alipio, G. C. Bruna (Mackenzie)
|
Abstract: Managing a construction site organized way, results in a cleaner production, and helps the world to be more sustainable. The sustainable development represents an effort in balancing and integrating the social welfare. The economic prosperity, and the environment protection bring benefits to current and future generation. The recovery or even the reduction of the consequences of errors committed in the past, will demand an extraordinary international effort, with plan carefully developed to substitute the raw material in materials or energy sources that are harmful to the environment. Thinking about the management of waste in the construction site, should be part of the project planning, from the conception of the project to its construction; starting the teaching and information, training, hearing the right employees (skilled workman), follow up the evolution of the process, check-listing to judging with is the best posture to feed the system. The professionals’ actuation and companies involved in the process of the organization at the construction site, the operational procedures, and organization are very important for a satisfactory result in this process. To the system work in benefit to nature and also looking forward to the best for the future generations, the routine of a reduced consuming and raising awareness is significant for the future of the planet. The important actuation of Companies as the Constructer Sobloco proves that environmental management system works, beyond being certified by ISO 14001. By the clamor of tripod: civil society, public authorities and private sector that are facing the issue of environment and competitiveness that requires the companies new postures of citizenship, especially those geared to the protection of the environment. Keywords: Waste of Construction and deconstruction, recycling, environmental management system, ISO 14001 [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Importance of Solar Energy for Sustainable Social Development TSURUDA, L. K.; MENDES, T. A. (IFG/AGEHAB); VITOR, L. R.; SILVEIRA, M. B. (AGEHAB)
|
Abstract: The use of polluting energy sources in meeting the growing demand for energy directly impacts the environment, affecting the present and future generations. The shortage of non-renewable sources, fueled by the energy crisis, has led to intensive studies and research into the diversity of the energy matrix, implementing alternative and renewable energy sources. Thus, the objective of this article was to evaluate the application of solar energy as a means of promoting sustainable and social development in single family social housing (HISU), state of Goiás. The energy efficiency actions implemented in the HISU, mainly in relation to photovoltaic generation, provided an average consumption saving of 145.0 kWh month-1 to only 21.9 kWh month-1 per HISU, that is, a reduction of 85,0%. Environmentally, this energy saving is equivalent to avoiding the emission of 73.53 kg CO2 year-1 per HISU in the atmosphere. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, Housing of Social Interest (HIS) [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
||
The Influence of Cellulase Enzyme on the Energetic-Environmental Performance of Second Generation Ethanol Production – A Preliminary Study AGOSTINHO, F.; BERTAGLIA, A. B. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: First generation ethanol from sugarcane is produced by Brazilian mills since 1960, currently recognized as a mature technology with high productivity. In a parallel way, the so called second generation ethanol (obtained from lignocellulosic materials) has great potential as an alternative to increase the amount of ethanol currently produced without requiring any surplus of land - avoiding the food versus energy debate. This new technological route demands enzymes for the hydrolysis process, converting the existing cellulose and hemicelulose from vegetal biomass into fermentable sugars. Quantifying the energetic-environmental cost of enzyme production is essential when assessing the total cost of second generation ethanol. In this sense, the aim of this work is to assess the influence of celulase enzyme industrial production on the energetic-environmental performance of second generation ethanol. Two main approaches are considered: (i) embodied energy analysis and (ii) emission inventory. Results indicates that enzyme celulase production requires about 900 MJ/kg enzyme, which increases from 5,49 to 20,72 MJ the embodied energy used to produc e 1 Liter of second generation ethanol. Emission inventory shows that CO2 is the most released gas to atmosphere (99,9% of total in mass units), reaching 13300 g/kg enzima and Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 13,32 kgCO2-eq./kg enzima. The enzyme’s GWP correspond to 0.01% of total second generation ethanol’s GWP production, thus its influence could be considered insignificant. While enzyme’s industrial production emissions can be considered inapplicable on the total emissions from second generation ethanol, the embodied energy value has a strong influence. Keywords: Celulase enzyme; CO2; embodied energy; second generation ethanol [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Influence of Competitive Intelligence in Environmentally Sustainable Innovation Management MARCON, A.; MELATI, C.; HEINZE, M.; DE MEDEIROS, J. F.; RIBEIRO, J. L. D. (UFRGS)
|
Abstract: Current social, economic and, mainly, environmental changes affect companies in several forms. Consequently, managers need to implement environmentally sustainable innovations that mitigate the impact exerted by companies’ operations on the society. These environmentally sustainable innovations can arise from both companies’ internal or external sources. In this sense, the general objective of this paper was to understand the role played by companies’ competitive intelligence on the environmentally sustainable innovation management. Specifically, it aimed (i) to identify motivations, practices and the benefits perceived by companies in their green actions, (ii) to map the competitive intelligence mechanisms used by companies to collect information on environmentally sustainable innovations and (iii) to analyze how competitive intelligence aids and affects the decision for green innovation management practices. In order to reach the objective proposed, a qualitative exploratory research was performed through the analysis of three cases of companies based in Brazil. In sum, the results indicate that the organizations use the information arising from the external environment to acquire and gather knowledge on sustainability and, thus, develop organizational, marketing, product and process innovations. To that end, they apply market researches, participate in sustainability-oriented events and associations, monitor current environmental legislations and follow specialized publications and/or reports. The results also indicate that companies hire specialized human resources and specialized consulting companies, adhere to environmental certifications, such as ISO 14001, cooperate with stakeholders and analyze product and process chains to guarantee an environmentally sustainable innovation management. Theoretically, it can be state that this study contributes to the spread of the use of competitive intelligence as a competitive advantage driver and as an important tool to stimulate environmentally sustainable innovation practices. Keywords: Environmentally Sustainable Innovation Management, Competitive Intelligence, Sustainability, Sustainable Innovation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Influence of Enterpeneurial and Market and Knowledge Management Orientations about a Cleaner Production and the Sustanable Competititve Advantage GUIMARÃES, J. C. F. (UFPel); SEVERO, E. A. (IMED); VASCONCELOS, C. R. M. (UnP)
|
Abstract: Enterprises from different economic sectors play a fundamental role in furthering a sustainable development in the region where it is inserted. However, it is the environmental practices of these organizations which determine the prompt impacts on environmental sustainability. In this sense, a Cleaner Production (CP) is responsible for the decrease in natural and material resources consumption and energy, as well as for the systematic decrease in waste and pollutants emission. Thus, it is important to identify the strategical guides which came before the CP and, consequently, lead the enterprises to achieve a Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA) before their competitors. In this context, this research aims at analyzing the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Market Orientation (MO) and Knowledge Management Orientation (KM), about the CP and the SCA. The present research was about a survey applied to 1.774 small and medium enterprises in Southern Brazil, in the sectors of transformation industry, commerce and services, and it was analyzed by the Structural Equation Modeling, typifying it as a quantitative and descriptive research. The results show there is an intense previous influence (EO, MO, KM) over the CP, pointing out that the correlations among the three antecedents have a high intensity, showing that the enterprises researched use the strategical guides (EO, MO, KM) separately, and that, when they are combined, there is a higher chance of CP success, with a significant increase in SCA for the small and medium enterprises. Keywords: Cleaner production, Sustainable competitive advantage, Entrepreneurial orientation, Market orientation, Orientation knowledge management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Manufacturing Industry and the Environment J. Dilly; M. G. S. Nogueira; G. Casalinho (UFPel)
|
Abstract: The present work consists in the study of Sustainable Production Philosophies that, being used by Productive Organizations, in this case, the Manufacturing Industry, contributes with the environmental issue. As another priority, this work aims to emphasize facts and possible solutions to the environmental issues, having as background, the differences between environmental priorities according to countries development level. This work shows the relation between Industry and Environment, focusing the improvement of the production processes control in order to get a sustainable development that brings as consequence the reduction of left-overs as well as the important collaboration with the environmental issue. The importance of the Manufacturing Industry to the industrial sector and to the Brazilian economy is also discussed. As a result of this work it is possible to conclude that industries will only be able to contribute definitely with the environment when all of them re-evaluate their productive processes and adopt sustainable production philosophies. Keywords: Sustainable production, manufacturing industry, environment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Influence of Human Labor on the Environmental Sustainability of the Commercial Cultivation of Bamboo R. L. Guarnetti; S. H. Bonilla; C. M. V. B. Almeida; B. F. Giannetti (UNIP)
|
Abstract: By performing emergy environmental accounting for a cultivation of bamboo with culms* production management, the resources which involve the highest emergy flows were identified. The most significant resource is the labor input, representing about 35% of all emergy value. By using the ternary diagram, it was possible to identify significant differences in the environment sustainability value when the cultivation site is changed. This variation is associated with the differences on the transformity values of labor among the countries. *Culms: bamboo stalks that grow up horizontally only, and keep the same diameter throughout its life. Keywords: Bamboo, ternary diagram, emergy, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Influence of Services on the Environmental Accounting of a Small Business Manufacturer of Auto Parts in São Paulo State CARVALHO, N, ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Small companies usually have no influence on the decisions taken along the supply chain and have to adapt their production processes in accordance with the decisions taken by the chain leading companies. The idea of evaluating products in the supply chain perspective to help reduce the environmental and socio economic impacts associated with manufacturing has been explored. So far, there are no studies considering the various types of small businesses that arise in the sphere of influence of large supply chains in order to fill the gaps or serve customers with special needs. This study evaluates two products, using emergy synthesis and regarding the use of environmental resources and energy of a small company operating in the Brazilian market of automotive replacement, with special attention to the influence that services provided by third parties have on the production model. Keywords: Emergy, Automotive after market, Use of resources, EmPrice [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Integrated Production of Fruits in Brazil and the Interface with a Cleaner Production L. P. Vendrametto, C. A. Di Agustini, S. H. Bonilla (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Currently, there is a high level of concern regarding principles that guide production systems. The same applies in agriculture. Production based on guidelines such as integrated disease and pest management; the rational use of input; restricted use of non-renewable natural resources; conservative soil and water practices; contamination and disease prevention among rural workers are the most important steps towards achieving sustainability. This article presents a discussion based on “Sustainable Agricultural Production or Cleaner Agricultural Production”. The Integrated Production of Fruits can be considered an excellent example of success regarding productivity, quality and reduction of environmental impacts in agriculture. Briefly, it is a system that uses the resources only after they are rationalized and their real need monitored. This article aims at discussing and presenting the principles and norms of Integrated Fruit Production in Brazil. Keywords: Integrated production, integrated management, sustainable agriculture [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The International Impacts of Environmental Requirements of the European Union on the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Sector S. L. M. Ansanelli (UFRRJ)
|
Abstract: European Union, concerned about the rise of electrical and electronic equipment waste containing hazardous substances, published two requirements in 2003: directives on waste management (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment-WEEE) and the use of hazardous substances (Restriction of the Use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment-RoHS). These requirements have caused impact over main countries, in and out European Union, stimulating technological innovation, especially involving replacement of hazardous substances. Developed countries are more ready and have reacted in a more innovative way than the Asian new industrialized countries. Keywords: RoHS, WEE, environmental policy, innovation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Leading Role of Local Governments in Achieving a Sustainable City CORTESE, T. T. P. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: There is a clear link between the actions of the cities about climate change and the larger goals of being a low-carbon economy, poverty eradication and global environmental governance. The role of cities in this new institutional architecture, as defined by the Unites Nations, is a unique opportunity for cooperation. Shares of cities serve as a catalyst for national governments, aiming to provide support to public policies, creating a virtuous circle. The purpose of the present work is to demonstrate that, faced with a troubling and urgent climate reality, local governments have taken responsibility and have been working in the formulation of public policies with the participation of various actors in society. Keywords: Sustainable city, local governments, government policy
|
||
The Materiality as a Competence of Enterprise Transformation under the Perspective of Sustainability CARPEJANI, P., PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E., GOUVEA DA COSTA, S. E., MACHADO, C. G. (PUC-PR - Brazil/Chalmers University of Technology - Sweden); BONFIM CATAPAN, B. (PUC-PR - Brazil); DESCHAMPS, F. (PUC-PR/UFPR - Brazil); LOURES, E. R. (PUC-PR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The goal of this research is to check if the materiality can be considered as a competence of enterprise transformation in a sustainable conception. A secondary intention is listing and ranking other possible competencies that may change the enterprise scenery through Triple Bottom Line premises. The approach used to solve this gap is the Delphi research. This method is responsible for extracting a consensus among experts in this topic. To sort the abilities, the tool Qualtrics and the Mudge Method have been chosen. The last one has a goal of minimizing subjective factors that are inborn to human being’s routine, creating a more efficient decision-making process. As one of the main discoveries, this research found out 9 nine necessary competencies to make an enterprise transformation on the mentioned topic. Also, it was confirmed that the materiality can be deemed as one of these abilities, and that it can contribute to this selection and, therefore, help companies to reach their Sustainable Development Goals. The limitation of the study is in the absence of details on how to implement such competencies at the everyday enterprise routine. In the sense of being original, this paper is the first to broach the necessary competencies of transformation with the sustainable pillars and also when giving applicability to the newly developed definition of materiality. Keywords: Enterprise Transformation, Materiality, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Delphi Method, Mudge Method [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Meanings of Sustainability: A Comparison Between State and Market Discourses PAGOTTO, E. L.; GONÇALVES-DIAS, S. L. F. (USP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This research aims to investigate convergences and divergences among sustainability discourses on public policies and practices of the so-called “sustainable production and consumption”. It was questioned how concepts of sustainability are being taken in public policies and market practices related to “sustainable production and consumption”. To do that samples of their discourses were analyzed and compared according to its source, from both public policies and the private sector. The methodologic proceedings comprehend documental analysis for further comparation according to the principles of sociological discourse analysis. The evidences gather from pieces of market and State discourses showed they come from distinct ontological propositions but converge to the mainstream discourse of weak sustainability. Keywords: Sustainability. Sustainable production and consumption. Sociological discourse analysis. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Measurement of Environmental Performance in Hospitals: A Framework and Process PASQUALINI BLASS, A. (PUC-PR/UNIDAVI); GOUVÊA DA COSTA, S. E.; PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR); BORGES, L. A. (UNIDAVI)
|
Abstract: Since the publication of the Brundtland Report (1987), academics and practitioners have raised concerns on the measurement of environmental sustainability performance. In the healthcare sector, especially in hospitals, measuring environmental performance relates to the reduction of environmental impact and continuous improvements in the quality of processes and outcomes. The literature review highlighted concerns on the lack of strategic focus of performance indicators, relevance and robustness of metrics and difficulties for the deployment of measures within different hierarchical levels. New frameworks are necessary to define relevant and meaningful indicators for monitoring and assessing environmental performance if healthcare systems and operations are to be improved. Moreover, field studies conducted with 10 hospitals in the Southern region of Brazil underlined the scarcity of consistent frameworks applied in practice to measure, monitor and improve environmental performance. Considering this context, the study seeks to propose an alternative framework drawn from the review of literature and current legislation. The proposed framework is operationalized through a ‘process approach’ and evaluated in terms of feasibility (can the process be followed?), usability (is the approach easily followed?), utility (are the results useful for managers?). Keywords: Healthcare Operations. Environmental Performance. Measurement. Hospitals. Framework
|
||
The Main Factors that Make Up a Wind Energy Production System: Case Study of a Wind Farm Located on the Northern Coast of the Rio de Janeiro SILVA NETO, R. (IFF); SILVESTRE, B. S. (Faculty of Business and Economics - Winnipeg, Canada); MARQUES, E. P. E.; GUIMARÃES, R. J .B. S.; CARVALHO, A. K. P. (ISECENSA)
|
Abstract: One of the ways to diversify the power grid and reduce its dependence on non-renewable energy sources is through the use of systems that produce wind energy. Wind energy is defined as the kinetic energy contained in moving air masses (wind). It can be harnessed by converting the translational kinetic energy into rotational kinetic energy, with the use of wind turbines. Currently, the growing demand for wind energy is being driven by a number of factors: the context of supply and demand for energy on a global scale, environmental issues, especially climate change, and the evolution of the technology in the wind energy sector. The object of this paper is thestudy of a wind farm, located in the municipality of São Francisco doItabapoana – RJ - Brazil. The objective of this research is to identify and describe in detail the main factorsthat make up systems that produce wind energy. This research opted to use the case study methodology since the case study analyzes an individual, family, group, orcommunity in order to perform an in-depth inquiry so as to examine the life cycle or some particular aspect of the object being studied. During data analysis, the research perceived that a wind energy production system is composed of three fundamental factors: a region with wind potential suitable for the production of energy; energy turbines appropriate for the wind potential in the region; as well as a highly qualified management and maintenance team. Keywords: Wind farm, system for wind energy production, wind turbine, wind potential.
|
||
The Maintenance Function and its Impact on the Development of Corporate Sustainability: A Theoretical-Analytical Reflexion SOUZA, J. B.; SACOMANO, J. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The society's concern over global environmental degradation is leading many companies to embrace
environmentally conscious policies or undertake corporate sustainability. In this context, the maintenance function
is a strategy used during the product's lifecycle in order to extend the production system's reliability. Maintenance
function's proactive policies can provide a competitive advantage when the goal is to protect the environment.
Therefore, the philosophy of maintenance function and production integration is an important action for companies
and academy that are looking for tools to evaluate
the aspects of business sustainability of production systems. As
main results, this paper presents a reflective and
objective approach to assess the importance of production
system and maintenance function integration, considering the evolution of maintenance function's policies as well
as the interrelationships of this integration with
the possibilities of corporate sustainability development (eco-efficiency) in the context of input-processing-output model. Keywords: Environmental, Operations, Production, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Methodology of Life Cycle Analysis with the Aid of Software Umberto KUCHINISKI, B. C. T.; FRANCISCO, A. C.; LUZ, L. M.; PIEKARSKI, C. M.; ZOCCHE, L. (UTFPR)
|
Abstract: The concern with sustainability and the environment is becoming increasingly apparent. Companies are having to put these issues in its strategic planning, considering the entire life cycle of their products. It represents not only the concern with the raw material and waste, but also with the destiny of their products after the use generated by them into the environment. This study aimed to describe concepts of the methodology used for the application of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), its benefits, its limitations and used software, with emphasis on software Umberto, it being a very important tool to aid the study. For that, it was conducted a bibliographic, documentary, qualitative and exploratory search. One can see that Life Cycle Analysis presents some complexity of appliance, but can contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts caused by industrial activities and result in benefits and improvements for the company. Keywords: Life Cycle Analysis; literature; environmental impacts [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Nuclear Option to Contribute to a Cleaner and Sustainable Production of Electricity L. S. Guimarães (Eletronuclear-RJ), J. R. L. de Mattos (Development Center of Nuclear Technology-MG) |
Abstract: The integration and economic balance, environmental and social concerns are fundamental to the preservation of human life on Earth. For achieving these goals we must take a fresh look at how to produce, consume, live, work and relate with people. The concept is revolutionary, and like all original ideas, leverage heated debates between governments and citizens on how to achieve this sustainability. Access and absolute amount of energy used per capita, especially electricity, are essential for human development and for the delicate equation of sustainability. Globally, electricity generation should increase by around 80% over the next 20 years, with heavy dependence on fossil fuels (coal and natural gas). This dependence contrasts with the need to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Electricity generation is responsible for 41% of emissions of greenhouse gases and this share has increased steadily, growing from 36% in 1990 to 39% in 2000, and continues to grow in the projections of the International Energy Agency - IEA to 44% in 2020 and 45% in 2030. A course correction is urgent to prevent further environmental issue. Assessments prepared by IEA as subsidy to the discussions at COP-15, indicate that correcting this trend is necessary to reduce the intensity of CO2 emissions by 21% compared to 2007. Producing electricity from clean and sustainable manner while promoting social inclusion, rising its offer, it is an equation of increasing complexity in which is not always the socioeconomic costs and environmental impacts are possible to be equalized. In this scenario, the nuclear option back on the agenda of various countries, due its favourable environmental aspect regarding the generation of greenhouse gases, and is the only source of electricity production on a large scale that is fully liable for the costs of decommissioning of its facilities and the management and disposal of waste generated. From an economic standpoint, even with all costs included in the price charged to consumers, nuclear-generation is economically competitive with other forms of electricity generation, except where there is direct access to fossil fuels of low cost . This competitiveness can be changed significantly if financial penalties from greenhouse gases emissions be added to fossil fuel plants. In this paper we discuss the contribution of the nuclear option as a support for continuous and sustainable development, as well as aspects related to operational safety, radioactive waste management, the mechanisms that prevent the diversion of nuclear materials for use in reactors for military purposes, the horizon of use permitted by uranium reserves and the status of this option in the Brazilian scenario. Keywords: Electricity, nuclear, development, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Organic Agriculture and New Conscious Consumption Patterns SHIMADA, W. K. (UFGD); REIS, J. G. M. (UFGD/UNIP); OLIVEIRA, E. R. (UFGD)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work is analyze the influence of consumers in food sustainable production. Hence, this research explores the relationship of food organic production and consumer behavior, with the development of a “quilombola” community in Dourados, Mato Grosso doSul, Brazil. Therefore, a qualitative approach was conducted using literature review and a case study method. The data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The results showed that the organic production has potential to leverage the rural production due to factors like human health and consumer awareness about environmental issues and sustainable development. Furthermore, the organic production has represented an important way of generating income for families that living in rural areas of Brazil. Keywords: Consumer behavior; organic products; quilombola community [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese]
|
||
The Peasantry and Environmental Management: Limits and Perspectives WITKOWSKI, T. H. (UNOESTE); FELÍCIO, M. J. (NEAGEO)
|
Abstract: The peasantry is a political force; perhaps the most important force which obstacles capital expansion in agriculture. Historically, the peasantry has demonstrated that the transformative and revolutionary force developed by capital advance in agriculture could not solve economic, social, political and cultural problems. The peasantry needs to recreate itself in order not to submit to the laws of capitalist accumulation, as well as not to see its original potential environmental and social effectiveness supplanted and destroyed. This work aims to broaden the understanding of the environmental management principles historically developed by the peasantry as a way to expand the alternatives through which obstacles are turned into levers that unblock paths through the strength of their autonomy, their independence, their leading role and their resistance. This paradigmatic debate is a necessary condition for the reading of the agrarian status for trying to understand how the autonomy of the peasantry production is established. The self management developed in small production is a result of accumulated knowledge transmitted from generation to generation in relation to access to land, water, seeds and local skills. This allows the peasant to perform agriculture his own way, using low external inputs, favoring the use of local resources, as well as the effective use of land, water and biodiversity. Based upon a dialectical approach, it was possible to clarify the evolutionary trends of agriculture, the development of the peasantry and its strategies and mechanisms for social, cultural and economic reproduction. Keywords: Peasantry, environmental management, remake strategies [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Perspectives of Biomethane to Contribute to Increase the NG Supply GARCILASSO, V. P.; SANTOS, M. M.; PEREIRA, A. S.; JOPPERT, C. L.; PERECIN, D.; POVEDA, M.; COLUNA, M. E.; COELHO, S. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: The Bioenergy Research Group of the Institute of Energy and Environment at the University of São Paulo (GBIO / IEE / USP) is developing the "Project 27 - The biomethane contribution prospects to increase the supply of natural gas in São Paulo" - within the Research Center for Innovation in Natural Gas (RCGI). This is a center of advanced studies on sustainable use of gas, created at USP with funding from FAPESP / Shell / BG. This Project 27 will map the production of biogas and biomethane from vinasse, animal residues (livestock waste and residues from slaughterhouses) and urban residues (solid wastes and liquid effluents). It is important to mention that, besides the use of biogas for energy production, there is another option. After the upgrading process of biogas (CO2 and impurities removal), biomethane can be used as a primary source of energy to be fed into NG pipelines and be distributed to different consumers, as well as in the form of CNG when necessary. Also, in the case of biomethane from vinasse, it can be used to fuel the sugar mills’ diesel fleet (trucks and agricultural equipment). During the development of Project 27, financial, technical, environmental and social aspects of production and use of biomethane will be analyzed. These aspects will be addressed as important points to encourage the biomethane market in São Paulo, such as the need to consider the fundamental synergy between biogas for energy generation and basic sanitation. In view of the above, this article aims to present Project 27, as well as the preliminary results obtained so far. Keywords: biogas, biomethane, urban waste, agro-industrial waste, energy potential
|
||
The potential for gasification of coffee stems to provide bioenergy for the coffee sector GARCIA-FREITES, S.; GILBERT, P.; THORNLEY, P. (University of Manchester - UK)
|
Abstract: The coffee industry represents an important part of the global economy, particularly for developing country producers. Here, the industry provides foreign exchange earnings and livelihood to around 25 million smallholder farmers growing almost 80% of global coffee production. The scale of this industry poses a challenge with the utilization or disposal of the residues generated along the coffee cultivation-processing chain. Coffee stems, obtained after coffee tree pruning, are one of those abundant and untapped resources in the coffee supply chain. Their lignocellulosic content and gross calorific value of 19.7 MJ/kg make them a suitable solid fuel for thermochemical conversion processes. Using a process modelling approach and the Colombian coffee sector as a case study, this research evaluates the feasibility of using these residues in small-scale downdraft gasifiers coupled to internal combustion engines (ICE) for power generation and recovery of low-grade heat. The producer gas heating value of 5.6 MJ/Nm3 and the gasifier’s performance characteristics (e.g. cold-gas efficiency of 71%) show that this gas could be utilised in ICE devices for power generation. The overall system efficiency of 45.6% also indicates that the deployment of these systems could be attainable, particularly if low-grade heat is recovered for the coffee grain drying in the Colombian coffee sector. An analysis of the energy demand and coffee stems availability within the sector shows that medium-to-large scale coffee farms (with average coffee productions of 25 t/year and cultivated lands above 5 ha) offer particularly attractive opportunities to deploy this bioenergy system. The biomass production level in these farms is well matched to their energy demands from the coffee-processing chain and household applications. Overall, this work adds to the existing knowledge base by assessing the feasibility of providing coffee stems-sourced low carbon energy for global coffee production at relevant operating scales. Keywords: Coffee stems, Gasification, Process modelling, Biomass resource availability, Power generation, Low-grade heat recovery, Coffee drying. |
||
The principles of Industry 4.0 and the Sustainability Impacts of the Enterprise Value Chain PALMA, J. M. B.; BUENO, U. S.; STOROLLI, W. G.; SCHIAVUZZO, P. L.; CESAR, F. I. G.; MAKIYA, I. K. (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The growing interest for sustainability has led companies to adjust their strategies to include initiatives for the advancement of the three pillars of business sustainability in environmental, economic and social dimensions. These initiatives often are restricted to the internal actions in enterprises, and the results normally do not expand across the entire company business value chain. Some restrictions are still blocking the advance of sustainability at all levels, since finding solutions requires integration efforts and major changes in products, processes and behavior of people operating in highly complex networks. With the advance of new technologies, especially those from the Industry 4.0 (I.4.0), a high level of connectivity between the processes benefits the expansion of customized products and other elements that suggest deep changes in organizational environments and in society, contributing to the sustainability dimensions. In this scenario, this study intends to evaluate the relationship between sustainability and Industry 4.0 principles, which may impact in advancing the strategies within the company business value chain. Keywords: Industry 4.0, sustainability, value chain, environment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Production Planning and Control Eco-Efficient: A Case Study in the Plastic Segment COSTA, I. S.; OLIVEIRA NETO, G. C.; LOPES, D. R. G.; FERREIRA, G. B. (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: Eco-efficiency allows a company to be environmentally responsible and at the same time obtain economic gains through its productivity or services. In the midst of the economic and environmental challenges faced by organizations, activities such as recycling, reuse, energy saving, preventive maintenance and Setup, among other creative actions, are challenges that the Production Planning and Control (PPC) must face in this new scenario to make an enterprise eco-efficient. In this context, the present study aims to verify the benefits that the activities carried out by the PPC can provide to organizations, both in the economic and environmental aspects of companies in the plastic segment. In the present study, a case study was carried out, and as a data collection technique, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the PPC manager. To evaluate the environmental impact, the MIF eco-efficiency tool was used, resources used in the Wuppertal Institute table (2014). Through values, (prices and quantities) of the raw material, reports and interviews, besides participant observation, it was possible to carry out calculations of the economic and environmental values obtained before and after implementing the SMED methodology in the production line, for the reduction of setup in a company of the plastic branch. As well as other actions accompanied by the PPC as recovery and reuse of raw material and substitution of non-renewable by renewable raw material. With the joint implementation of actions, the company obtained economic and environmental benefits, providing a quantity of R$ 1,009,316.74 with reduction, recovery and reuse of chips in the production process, and a reduction of 42,644.52 tons avoided to be withdrawn from the ecosystems in a period of six months. Keywords: Eco-efficiency, PPC, setup, reuse, renewable raw material [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Reduction of Waste Generated in Water Treatment. A Study on the Viability of Using Hypochlorite in Tablet in Manaus OLIVEIRA, F. B. (IFAM), SILVA, H. J. P. (UCAM Prominas)
|
Abstract: The treatment for water disinfection requires the use of products such as hypochlorite, which is generally used in liquid form. The use of this product type generates waste as packaging and empty bottles that need to be properly disposed not to pollute the environment. An alternative to this product is the hypochlorite in tablet, which allows reduction waste without compromising water treatment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tablet hypochlorite use of viability in the city of Manaus, considering the direct acquisition in city of São Paulo. The Research has shown that the choice of hypochlorite in tablet may be advantageous, since transportation costs are reduced in relation of the costs for transportation of hypochlorite in liquid form. Furthermore, there is a reduction in the generation of empty containers, which reduces the costs of treating this type of waste. Keywords: Reduction, Hypochlorite, Water treatment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Relation Between Business and Law Under the View of a Cleaner Production- L. C. Ribas, L. M. S. Ota, R. M. de Oliveira, L. A. G. Rocha, E. C. Navarro (UNESP) |
Abstract: In order to adapt to new standards of development, companies have sought to incorporate in their practices the principles of sustainability. Environmental legislation runs parallel, renewing towards the same trend. This paper aims to study the case experienced by GEPSIG Group (Integrated Management System, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu - SP) and analyze the relation between business, environment and legislation. It is also discussed proposals for better integration of the sectors in the pursuit of cleaner production. Keywords: Environmental licensing, environmental legislation. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Relations Between Maintenance and Enterprise Sustainability Strategies: A Reflective Approach in the Input-Transformation-Output J. B. de Souza, J. B. Sacomano, S. L. Kyrillos, F. J. S. Milreu (UNIP), J. D. B. de Souza (UFES)
|
Abstract: To reach the sustainable development focused on the production’s enterprise sustainability, it is necessary a holistic view that reaches the product and/or the service and the processes and operations in the same way as it reaches all the chain of events, including the systems of the manufacturing of the product in its differents life-cycles and the maintenance management system. This requires improved models, indicators for sustainability evaluation and process optimization techniques, product and knowledge of the system levels (entrance-transformationexit model). This article presents a general view of the new trends and concepts regarding the development of products and sustainable systems considering the relations between the maintenance and enterprise sustainability strategies. In order to reach the article’s goals, the research was conducted by a procedure combining two techniques for collection of data: the bibliographical research and the accomplishment of the field work through e-mail exchange with the researchers and specialists to collect their final thoughts regarding the relations between the maintenance and enterprise sustainability strategies. Now, the result is the presentation of an ample view of the relations between the maintenance and enterprise sustainability strategies and the consequences of these relations in the entrance-transformation-exit model in order to contribute with the advance of the use of the enterprise sustainability as a source of competitive advantage. Keywords: Maintenance, productive system, enterprise sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Remanufacturing as Option in the Recovery of Products in the Post-Consumer: In the Vision on Brazilian Enterprises Y. M. B. Saavedra, A. P. B. Barquet, A. R. Ometto, H. Rozenfeld, F. A. Forcelini (USP)
|
Abstract: The concern with the increased generation of solid waste for the more frequently discard of the products has increased the interest of the international community to developed alternatives that help to diminish these wastes, especially in the phase of discard (postconsumer) where the major opportunities of recovery appears. However, one of the major difficulties is the lack of projection by the enterprises in the moment when developing their products, making complicated and unfeasible the recovery. Strategies for end of life are presented as an opportunity to recover these products. In this case, the remanufacturing is shown to be a strategy that has the greatest gains on the pillars of sustainability. In this sense, was realized an exploratory study in the literature about the remanufacturing to identify their main features, as well as two case studies with an original equipment manufacturing (OEM) and one independent manufacturer with the purpose to make a comparative analysis of the critical aspects identified in the two enterprises. The results demonstrate that the OEM companies have major advantages with regard to aspects relationship with suppliers of used product, reverse logistics operation for Remanufacturing and marketing of remanufactured product. However, we can mention the possibilities that may arise from possible partnerships between the two companies to achieve major gains in the recovery of these products. Keywords: Recovery of products, post-consumer, remanufacturing, actors [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Role of Health in Impact Assessment and Related Initiatives: A Literature Review VIEGAS, C. V.; RADOS, G. J. V.; SELIG, P. M. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The society's concern over global environmental degradation is leading many companies to embrace
environmentally conscious policies or undertake corporate sustainability. In this context, the maintenance function
is a strategy used during the product's lifecycle in order to extend the production system's reliability. Maintenance
function's proactive policies can provide a competitive advantage when the goal is to protect the environment.
Therefore, the philosophy of maintenance function and production integration is an important action for companies
and academy that are looking for tools to evaluate
the aspects of business sustainability of production systems. As
main results, this paper presents a reflective and
objective approach to assess the importance of production
system and maintenance function integration, considering the evolution of maintenance function's policies as well
as the interrelationships of this integration with
the possibilities of corporate sustainability development (eco-efficiency) in the context of input-processing-output model. Keywords: Environmental, Operations, Production, Sustainability
|
||
The Role of Solar Energy in the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Perspectives for Brazil 2030 MARQUES, G. S.; PIMENTEL, P. E. O.; VIANNA, J. N. (UnB - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article aims to analyze the possible contributions of solar energy (renewable source), associated with food, water and energy security, as part of the adaptation and mitigation agenda to minimise the negative impacts caused by Climate changes that are part of Brazil's determined national contribution (NDC) to the Paris agreement. The methodological procedures adopted in this work were: bibliographical and exploratory research: a) bibliography, researched books and articles dealing with the Nexus (AN) approach; b) Exploratory, analyzed Brazilian energy planning documents for 2030, in particular renewable sources (solar energy), National Energy Plan (PNE), determined national contribution (NDC) and analysis of 2 (two) cases, being: 1 (one) of energy Solar in residences (houses and apartments) of my Home program My Life (MCMV) and 1 (one) solar power case in small rural properties. The study demonstrates as a result: Case 1-MCMV and MRV enterprises with solar energy kit and case 2-solar energy in small rural properties, presents a strong correlation with the strategies of adaptation and mitigation to the vulnerabilities to the changes Climate. As for the synergy with food security, hydro and energy, Case 1 shows that it has low synergy with water, high with energy and medium with food; Case 2 presents high synergy with water, energy and food. The study is scientifically relevant because it sought to analyze cases that combine the strategies of adaptation and mitigation to the vulnerabilities caused by climate change. Keywords: Climate change, renewable energy, mitigation and adaptation. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Search for Cleaner Home Appliances: The Case of BSH Company I. Ribeiro (BSH Continental)
|
Abstract: The United Nations (UN) established in 1987 at Montreal a global action program called the Montreal Protocol, focusing on substances which deplete the ozone layer. Ten years after the Montreal Protocol, the UN signed the Kyoto Protocol, which aims at reducing the emission of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. In alignment to these Protocols and confirming its environmental responsibility, since 1997 the BSH Continental Home Appliances group (located at Hortolândia city, Brazil), has incorporated the Hydrocarbon (HC) Cyclopentane as an isolating and expander agent. Following this continuous improvement philosophy and in tune with the Federal Government and the Ministry of the Environment, BSH Continental once again innovated and implemented, for the first time in the country, another HC in its production, the R600a refrigeration gas also known as Isobutane. The R600a is composed by carbon and hydrogen and it is considered as a natural fluid similar to LP (Liquefied Petroleum), largely used in Europe, especially in Germany. The hydrocarbons – natural gases produced from petroleum totally harmless to the ozone layer and with a global warming potential value similar to the CO2. The hydrocarbons are refrigeration fluids intrinsically more efficient than the HFCs. It means that, with technological advances, the possibility for future reductions in the energy consumption of the refrigerators is more likely to happen than with the use of HFCs. For a country such as Brazil, with a significant potential for the increase of the number of household appliances per resident, the choice for more economic technological lines in the energy consumption, protection of the ozone layer and with the preservation of the global environment is the challenge and the objective for the refrigeration industries that aim at manufacturing innovative products with cleaner technology and that contribute for a global sustainability. Aware of the harmful effects to the Environment caused by the gases used in industrial processes, BSH Continental has anticipating the implementation of more restrictive requirements for the use of these gases, included the isobutane gas (also known as R600a) in its production line or also call of R600a, which combined with the cyclopentane used as an insulator and expander, will form what we can call Ecological refrigerators. Keywords: global warming, ozone layer, Isobutane, hydrocarbons [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
The Search for Sustainability of PET through the Supply Chain Sustainability A. Formigoni (UNESP - Guaratinguetá-SP); E. F. Rodrigues (UMC)
|
Abstract: These instructions present to examine the reverse logistics of PET, pointing from the flaws and shortcomings, try to point out in search of sustainability. For this use two case studies: the first examines three cooperatives and profile of collectors in relation to PET, according to the census by ABIPET, lifting chain reverse data on the material. From data collected, and with the help of a literary review, indicate the sustainability of PET through a sustainable supply chain. Keywords: Sustainability, PET, supply chain, recycling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Services Sustainability: Considerations on the Materiality of Accomodation Services from the Concept of a Product Life Cycle VOLPI, Y. D.; PAULINO, S. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: While tourism is recognized as a catalyst for a wide range of service activities that are potentially damaging to the environment, which motivates several research and actions that aim to promote the sector's sustainability, immateriality remains a widely accepted characteristic in the understanding of the nature of services in general. In this sense, the research aims to clarify the materiality of accommodation services, in light of theories of the service economy and using the concept of a product life cycle. For this purpose, bibliographic research is used to compile inputs and outputs associated with the environmental aspects of the product provided by accommodation businesses that are generated in the production and consumption stages of these services. Inputs (electricity, water, food/beverage, personal care products, cleaning products and pest control chemicals) and outputs (effluent discharges, atmospheric emissions, noise emission and waste generation) represent flows of energy and matter that can be interpreted based on the discussion of the materiality inherent in the service activities. Keywords: materiality of services, accommodation businesses, environmental requirements, tourism [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Social Construction of Garbage: A Social Analysis of Representations Over the Issue in the Messias Targino City (RN) A. K. P. de Almeida (MATER CHRISTI), A. S. B. da Silva (UTAD-Portugal), F. L. S. Campos (UNIFEI)
|
Abstract: Assuming from the axiomatic assumption that the garbage is something established historically and also can vary according to the culture that generates itself, likewise, it also receive a symbolic treatment and differentiated according to social group that manipulate them. These assumptions were checked (in fact) during the field research with social segments of the Messiah Targino city (RN). In this context, the main worry of this study was to analyze social representations of the local population (examined) about the physical accumulation of garbage in the city. The systematization of this evaluation was made using collected data during the field observation and semistructured interviews, in which represent that the population is performed in relation to litter the symbolic point of view when it is related to esthetics issues, and from the material point of view once related to issues of public policy. Based on the results, we conclude that there are garbage in two intertwined and inseparable stories: concerning the meaning and the material object as well. Keywords: Garbage, social representation, Messias Targino City (RN) [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Solid Waste treatment used by Port of Santos administration J. Monteiro Junior; O. Vendrametto (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This article analyzes the positioning of the administration of Port of Santos in what refers to the implantation of the Plan of Administration of Solid Residues (PGRS) in relation to the solid residues generated by the port operators and ships, and the concern with the Environmental Education. The research was of bibliographical stamp. Keywords: Solid residues management plan, environmental education, Port of Santos [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The State of Art of Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Waste in Brazil SANTANA, E. V. B.; ELABRAS-VEIGA, L. B. (IFRJ)
|
Abstract: The recycling of Electrical and Electronic Waste (WEEE) in Brazil is an industry sector that still requires much development, particularly the phase that comes before materials transformation into new products, which is the waste management phase. The National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW), established in 2010, through Law 12,305, provides a legal framework in order to structure WEEE management in Brazil. From the policy objective perspective, the law established the solid waste management hierarchy. From the policy instrument perspective, the law defined the reverse logistics systems. In the light of the NPSW, this study conducted a state of the art analysis of WEEE generation and management in Brazil and the main legislation in the field. Based on the analysis conducted, this study identified as the major obstacle to WEEE management in Brazil the failure to ratify the WEEE sectoral agreement, as stated by the NPSW. Keywords: Electronic Waste, Recycling, National Policy on Solid Waste, Sector Agreement, Brazil [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The sustainability of the Italian water sector: an empirical analysis by DEA LOMBARDI, G. V.(University of Florence - Italy); MILIACCA, M. (University Tor Vergata - Italy); GASTALDI, M. (L'Aquila University - Italy) GIANNETTI, B. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP); STEFANI, G.; PACI, A.; BECAGLI, C. (University of Florence - Italy)
|
Abstract: The sustainability of the development of water resources is a pressing challenge. Natural forces, economic pressure and increasing population determine a significant growth in water use and pollution not supported by highly inefficient water supply practices. In this framework, the Italian water services with fragmented management, highly deficient collection and treatment of wastewater - and existing and potential problems in water supply in some areas of the country – explains the reasoning of the drastic restructuring introduced by Law 36/1994 for hydro services. The impossibility of avoiding natural monopoly and the necessity to industrialize the whole sector determined the imposition of a “for the market” competition in order to exploit possible economies of scale and scope. In this work, a group of Italian water utility companies is used to assess the sustainable efficiency of the Italian water sector, using the mathematical/linear programming of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This well-known technique allows evaluating the systems efficiency not only by calculating the efficiency of each unit, but also helping policy makers by suggesting corrective policies and measures which could make the inefficient units efficient. This approach can be useful for policy makers to direct decisions towards a more sustainable and efficient water sector. Keywords: Water industry, Efficiency, Sustainability.
|
||
The System for Cleaner Production Innovations Development and Implementation in Industry (APINI - SPIN) J. Staniskis; Z. Stasiskiene (Kaunas University of Technology - Lithuania)
|
Abstract: Role of industry in the process of sustainable industrial development is obvious. It relates to changes in production processes, products and services aimed at reduction of impact to the environment in the entire life cycle perspective that result in improvement of environmental, economic and social performance of enterprises. To ensure sustainable industrial development, systematic application of the following measures is needed:
CP should be an essential part of any comprehensive environmental management system at an enterprise or national level. In many cases the adoption of CP improvements can reduce or even eliminate the need for end-of-pipe investments and therefore can have both environmental and economic benefits. Experience shows, that often companies having identified cost-effective and technically-feasible CP options, may still not be able to make necessary CP investment to realise the financial benefits and environmental advantages. Financing of CP projects varies among countries and types of the projects. Domestic and international efforts to strengthen environmental financing still face a number of serious obstacles, many of which are related to profound economic, political and social problems. In 1997, Institute of Environmental Engineering (APINI) developed a system for CP innovation development / implementation. The system consists of the pool of experts (on CP innovation generation, financial engineering, implementation and monitoring), the financing source – soft credit line at Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO) and industrial companies. The system is based on company’s material and energy flows, and properly evaluated environmental costs based on Environmental Management Accounting (EMA). The methodologies employed in the system are flexible, can be applied to different company levels and enable decision–maker to obtain information in terms of the intended economic and environmental purposes. The system has been used for development of 141 innovations in 69 Lithuanian industrial companies. These innovations enabled reduction of energy consumption by 30 365 MWh/year. APINI experience was successfully disseminated in Africa, South East Asia, Central America and CEE. This article presents an overview of activities and experience of APINI in development of CP innovations in industry and lessons learned in terms of strengthening corporate commitment in sustainable development. Keywords: Cleaner Production, Preventive Innovation, Material and Energy Balance, Environmental Management Accounting, Financing |
||
The Trash Becomes Profit for Brazilian Grocery Retail BRAGA JR., S. S.; DIAS, K. T. S.; BRAGA, W. R. O.; FORTI, J. C. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The aim of this work was to analyze the reverse logistics implemented in 22 grocery retails located in São Paulo state (Brazil) and to quantify the profit obtained with this implementation. For this, during 24 months the quantities of cardboard and plastic discarded by these grocery retails were monitored. As a result, it was possible to observe that the supermarket corporation increased its net profit with the practice of reverse logistics in value proportional to the net profit generated by two supermarkets with revenue of 600 thousand dollars. It was concluded that the implementation of reverse logistics was satisfactory, as well as generating environmental benefits resulting from waste reduction, also contributed to the generation of direct and indirect jobs generated by business growth. Keywords: Reverse Logistics, Grocery Retail, Supermarket, Sustainability, Waste Management
|
||
The Use of Computer Resources for Improving Performance Improvement in Energy Efficiency in Construction in Brazil D. Moreira, O. L. G. Quelhas (UFF), V. J. Lameira (INESC Coimbra- Portugal)
|
Abstract: This research presents a review of the concepts of energy efficiency against the principles of sustainable development. Also emphasized is the importance of optimization of energyconsumption, particularly within the buildings. It highlights the government initiatives and the impacts to the environment by various sources of power generation. The research identifies as important the existence of computational resources to support designers and users in order to optimize the use of electric energy in buildings. The case study evaluates the computational resource "PLUS MARK IV. Presents proposals for updating of computer resource using a critical analysis by specialists. The result of consultation with experts confirmed the importance of computational resources in project development and use of electricity in a rational way in construction. One conclusion is that the computational resources for management of electric energy use in buildings, allows obtaining the energy diagnosis and induces rationality in design criteria and use of energy. In the end, were outlined to the possibilities of improving the computational resource "PLUS MARK IV. Keywords: Quality in construction, energy efficiency, engineering sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The use of Lean Manufacturing Practices in Cleaner Production: A Systematic Review QUEIROZ, G.; COBRA, R. L. R. B.; GUARDIA, M.; OLIVEIRA, J. A.; OMETTO, A. R.; ESPOSTO, K. F. (USP)
|
Abstract: Lean manufacturing aims to eliminate waste in the production chain for cost reduction, quality improvement, delivery time, i.e. it seeks to make the most efficient production process. The Cleaner Production (CP) aims at environmental improvement of production processes, adopting a precautionary approach and seeking to reduce environmental waste and waste generation. Several studies have indicated that when applying the Lean companies can reduce environmental impacts. Given this context, the objective of this research is to investigate, through a Systematic Literature Review, which ones and how the Lean practices and tools are being used for improvements in environmental performance. The results show that the literature indicates a strong synergy between Lean and Cleaner Production and that many Lean tools can contribute positively to environmental sustainability. Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, Cleaner Production, practices, tools
|
||
The Use of PLS-SEM in Sustainability-Related Research RAMPASSO, I. S.; ANHOLON, R.; SILVA, D. (UNICAMP - Brazil) SANTA-EULÁLIA, L. A. (Université de Sherbrooke - Canada); QUELHAS, O. L. G. (UFF - Brazil) LEAL FILHO, W. (Hamburg University of Applied Sciences - Germany); GRANADA, L. F. (Universidad Libre - Colombia)
|
Abstract: PLS-SEM is a method for statistical treatment of data that requires relatively small samples to generate satisfactory results. In addition, the model estimations provided by this technique are very robust. In this context, the present research aims to review the literature regarding the articles published by the Journal of Cleaner Production that use this technique to analyze their results. Forty-five items were found. Of these articles, forty fit the requirements stipulated for this research. In view of the results obtained, it is possible to verify that developing countries present research with this technique. In addition, the number of publications using PLS-SEM has been increasing over the years. It is concluded that this is a promising technique, which has gained more adherence in recent years and is used with reasonable frequency in research focusing on sustainability. Keywords: Structural Equation Modeling; PLS-SEM; Literature review. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Utilization of Lean Manufacturing Tools to Complement the Design for Environment for Reducing the Environmental Impact PINTO JUNIOR, M. J. A. (UFSCar)
|
Abstract: This paper explores the DfE (Design for Environment) as one of the environmental management practices and Lean Manufacturing. The proposal is to present how Lean tools can complement DfE tools in reducing environmental impact. Through literature search with the contribution of several authors on the theme, is analyzed that the Lean Manufacturing aims to improve the quality and productivity and the DfE is aimed at eco-efficiency, which prevents pollution and the degradation of the environment in product development and process. This relationship contributes to sustainable development suggesting the existence of an enabling environment for the realization of people's efforts to reduce waste: by eliminating these wastes, also eliminates part of the environmental problems because of the garbage accumulation and all contamination from him. A brief review of the literature on DfE and Lean Manufacturing is displayed showing their concepts, features and applications in support of waste reduction. Keywords: Design for Environment, Lean Manufacturing, Tools [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
The Use of Sustainability tools to support Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) C. V. Viegas; P. M. Selig (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are practical studies settled by Brazilian laws in order to identify, forecast, avoid and/or mitigate potentially harmful effects of enterprises with significant pollution potentials. Although based on sustainability principles, the EIA is usually considered as imperfect in pointing out technological alternatives and assessments. This paper presents and discusses about some scientific tools available which could be used in the EIA elaboration aiming to reach stronger sustainability purposes. Keywords: Sustainability, environmental impact assessment [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Utilization of Wood Industry Waste for Use in Small Solidarity Economic Enterprises J. C. Barbosa, C. I. de Campos, J. S. Vasconcelos, V. A. de Araujo, M. K. Wakabayashi, J. P. Regli (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The increase of wastes availability generated by wood industries creates a problem for the supply chain, because often, these wastes are deposited in inappropriate places or are reused in the wrong way. This study aimed to design small wooden objects with the approach of reusing lignocellulosic residue, form industrial processes. The objects produced were a basket, a crumber and a support for portable personal computer. The proposal of use wood wastes sought to add value for them, sustainability in the production process of the product, beyond the environmental aspect, seeking to minimize the indiscriminate disposal of wastes on the environment. The manufacturing of these products is simple and requires lowskilled labor, a factor that promotes the generation of jobs and income for artisans in small solidarity economic enterprises, as is the case of the partnership with the women joinery, located in the rural settlement of Pirituba. Keywords: Small objects, wood, reuse, industrial residues, solidarity economic enterprises [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Water Reuse at the context of the Industrial Ecology F. M. G. Ribeiro; A. Vilela Junior (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The water reuse, which is practiced individually for the many industries, has limitation when it demands advanced treatment techniques, and produces residues which are difficult to dispose. At the context of the Industrial Ecology the reuse may have the possibility of enlarging the application, in doing so, the effluent from one industry can be used directly by another or by adopting a treatment process less sophisticated and compatible with the receiver’s necessities. Keywords: Industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis, water reuse [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
The Widening Concept of "Cleaner Production" HENS, L. (VITO - Belgium); CABELLO-ERAS, J. J. (CUC - Cuba/UCf - Cuba); GARCIA-LORENZO, D. (Ucf - Cuba); CHAMORO, C. (CUC - Cuba); HAESELDONCKX, D.; VANDECASTEELE, C. (KUL - Belgium)
|
Abstract: “Cleaner production “ (CP) emerged in the aftermath of the 1987 Brundtland Commission (WCED, 1987) and calls for less and more efficient energy and materials use and the substitution of more harmful products (for the environment and health) by less dangerous ones. Cleaner production was the reply of industry to the intersectorial and socio-economic call for sustainable development. The technical aims widened. Originally they were targeted to improve environmentally inferior products to less inferior ones. Today the goal is producing quality products using renewable energy efficiently and producing zero waste, while emitting no pollution. The perspective of the scope also changed from environmental sustainability to the wider “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR). This includes that post-modern companies have not only responsibilities on their economic performance and the environment, but should also act on issues including human rights and resources, business ethics, and community involvement. This widening of contents necessitates more and better adapted methods. During the past 45 years the number of assessment methods (preventing pollution and its effects) increased significantly from environmental aspects (EIA), over health (HIA) and policy aspects (SEA), to sustainability assessment, addressing not only environmental, but in an integrated way also social, economic, and ethical issues of the evaluation. This paper reviews this evolution of ideas. It provides not only the concepts, but is equally based on examples illustrating different aspects of this evolution. It acts as a guide towards contemporary CSR and advocates its support towards education and research. Keywords: Cleaner production, corporate social responsibility, renewable energy
|
||
Thermal Behaviour of Electrical Distribution Transformers Immersed in Natural Ester Fluids TORREGROZA, M.I.; ARRIETA, E.M. (UNIFEI); SILVA, J.I. Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); FLOREZ, L.E. (GGroup Company - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Since the early 1990s, natural ester fluids have been developed as an alternative to the growing energy and environmental crisis that face the planet. Its main advantages in comparison with mineral oil are: they are biodegradable, they come from a renewable resource, and their safe operation due to their high flash point. However, their cost of acquisition, the few studies reported, that can support their long-term operational characteristics and short application times, are barriers that limit their massive implementation. This study presents a finite element method (FEM) analysis of the thermal behavior of an electrical distribution transformer using a natural ester fluid as dielectric liquid in a distribution transformer. Additionally, the study will be carried out in the same equipment using mineral oil and natural ester in order to compare results. Keywords: Natural ester fluids, finite element method (FEM), thermal behavior, distribution transformers.
|
||
Thermal Comfort Assessment in an Educational Institution in Barranquilla ROSALES-VILLA, D. E.; BALBIS-MOREJON, M.; FONTALVO-LASCANO, A. E. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Motivation, performance and learning velocity of students is influenced by thermal comfort, for this reason educational institutions have been investing in air conditioning equipments whit the consequent increase in power consumption. This trend is being accentuate in cities with tropical climates. Currently, standards such as ISO 7730, EN 15251, and ASHRAE 55 are being used to evaluate thermal comfort in existing buildings, to design air conditioning systems and establish parameters (operating temperature and comfort equations) in new buildings. Many comfort studies have been carried out in different climates and seasons around the world and differences have been found in the operating temperature interval that provides comfort, due to this is being recommended to conduct comfort studies in different climatic zones and educational entities to have different databases that allow having reliable comfort temperatures and revise the standards. The following work is intended to evaluate thermal comfort, using the ASHRAE 55 standard, in educational classrooms in the city of Barranquilla, specifically in the postgraduate building Keywords: Thermal comfort, tropical climates, ASHRAE 55.
|
||
Thermic Curing Using Solar Heating and Water Spray OESTREICH, A. M. E.; COSTA, C. L. P.; DURAN, A. P. F. A. (SENAI-RJ)
|
Abstract: The Center of Technologies SENAI for the Environment (Centro de Tecnologia SENAI Ambiental) developed
a
Cleaner Production Program in a cluster of concrete
blocks producers in Rio de Janeiro state, according United
Nations for Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) methodology, in a period between the end of 2011
and
beginning of 2012.
The cleaner production diagnosis identified as an opportunity of improvement the change of the curing
concrete
process used by most of the companies in the cluster. The proposed process improves their productivity
compared
to the process they normally use: dry curing at air
temperature. In the study developed in a company,
it was
proposed a change for concrete curing at higher temperature in a wet environment, based on reference methods.
The cleaner production project suggested the use of
rainwater and solar thermal system as a sustainable
alternative.
The cleaner production study includes the technical
and economic feasibility to keep the water temperature at
60°C and the internal air temperature at 50°C inside the curing chamber. During low solar radiation days, the
warming system must be kept using natural gas.
This option cans double the company productivity with high standards of quality in a more sustainable
process
than the conventional one which uses drinking water
and fossil combustible or electricity. Keywords: Concrete Curing, Solar Heating, Productivity [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Thermodynamic and economic simulation of organic Rankine cycle coupled with natural gas stationary engines FONTALVO-LASCANO, A. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia); ROMERO, C. (Universidad del Atlántico - Colombia); TEHERAN, O.; BARROS, P.; BALBIS-MOREJON, M.; SAGASTUME-GUTIÉRREZ, A. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: Waste heat energy sources, such as stationary engines exhaust gases, are suitable for the energy generation via organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This document combines a thermodynamic simulation and an economic analysis of the performance of a Cummins stationary engine with an ORC as a bottoming cycle, by using different organic fluids. The maximum output power is less than 165 KW while the temperature of the heat source varies between 200 and 250°C. The studied working fluids, namely R245fa, R1233zd (E) and R1234ze (Z), are selected based on environmental, safety and thermal performance criteria. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and the Specific Investment Cost (SIC) for the maximum output power are presented. Results showed that R1233zd(E) achieves the highest net power output. R1233zde(E) increases net power production up to 9.3% and 165 kW, when it is compared to the stationary engine power output. Results also showed that R245fa is the fluid with the lowest net power production. R245fa increases net power production up to 8.3% and 148 kW, when it is compared to the stationary engine power output. Finally, results showed that thermal oil temperature of 200°C reduce the LCOE of ORC. R1233zd (E) is the most cost-effective fluid, with a LCOE value of 5.3 cents USD/kWh and an SIC value of 429 USD/kW. Keywords: ORC, Waste heat, natural gas, organic Rankine cycle, exhaust gases.
|
||
Thermogravimetric Analysis Of The Polyurethane Biodegradable Foam Of The Project Gasolimp Product As A Power Cogenerating Agent J. C. V. Cortez (UFPB)
|
Abstract: This paper presents the results of tests made for analysis of combustion of substances that remain impregnated in biodegradable polyurethane foam resulting from continued action of the oil, after 35 days of use Gasolimp, project of a protective biodegradable foam product for fuel pump and cogeneration Power, placed in an injection pump for gasoline during the period February-March 2008, at a gas station in the city of João Pessoa – PB, Brazil. Our main objective was to diagnose the thermogravimetric properties to assess the thermal properties of a sample as a function of time or temperature. The thermogravimetry (TGA) is a method used to determine the rate of decomposition of substances used in the application of additives and organic material if you want to evaluate the thermal and oxidative stability of these. The analysis of thermogravimetry were carried out LACOM (Laboratory research in the area of fuels and materials) of the Federal University of Paraíba. This laboratory works in the area of research of new materials (pigments, catalysts and photoluminescent materials), production of biodiesel (babassu (native nut), soybean, corn, cotton, pine nuts gentle, coconut oil, frying oil), among others. The laboratory has a thermogravimetric analysis, brand TA Instruments, model SDT 2960, the rate of heating 20 ° C / min up to 600 º C. The sample used was approximately 5.0 mg of platinum using a port in air atmosphere with 110 mL / min. The analysis of differential scanning calorimetry were performed in a differential calorimeter exploratory pressurized, mark TA Instruments, DSC Model 2920 coupled to a unit of pressure, the rate of heating of 10 ° C / min up to 600 º C. The mass of sample, approximately 5.0 mg was placed in a door sample of platinum in oxygen atmosphere with pressure of 1,400 kPa. The thermogravimetric analysis carried out showed very satisfactory results on the content of combustion and burning of the sample, giving a residue amounting to 3% depending on the mass diagnosed. It was found also in the analysis of PDSC that the process of burning of biodegradable foam there was a release of energy of 5184 J / g. In brief and conclusive, the results obtained by the TGA tests and differential scanning calorimetry, demonstrated and proved that the Project of the Product Gasolimp as a power cogenerating agent is highly viable. Keywords: Combustion, power cogenerator, biodegradable polyurethane foam, hidrocarbonet. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Toxicity Identification in Textile Industry: Methodological Proposal for Cleaner Production JERONIMO, R. A. S. (CPRH/UFRPE); MORAIS, M. M.; PAZ, Y. M.; HOLANDA, R. M. (UFRPE)
|
Abstract: The TIE technique (Toxicity Identification Evaluation) allows to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of effluents from industries, the technique when applied allows to improve the quality of effluent decreasing contamination capacity. The Textile Industry has great potential polluter, then the application of TIE technique confirms that the activity has a cleaner production, seeking to reduce environmental impacts mainly for the bodies of water, helping to preserve this natural resource of high importance for the preservation of life helping with the possibility of increasing the reuse of water for at the end of the process will achieve an effluent with less contamination. Keywords: Toxicity, Textile Industry, Cleaner Production [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Toward a Beneficial Sanitation KROZER, Y. (University Twente-The Netherlands); KROZER, M. (Sustainable Innovations Academy-The Netherlands); VOS, T. (Brinkvos water BV-The Netherlands)
|
Abstract: Good sanitation for all is a major social and political challenge. Infrastructure for sanitation expanded in the last two centuries entailing a highly performing but costly production system. Possibilities of cost-saving along with social benefits through constructed wetland technologies are discussed with particular attention to the vertical flow technology, which is a cost-effective option based on experiences in the Netherlands. Cost-saving and income generating actions are presented based on examples across the world and brainstorming technique. Keywords: Sanitation, constructed wetland, costs, income |
||
Towards a Cleaner Vehicle Fleet: the Dynamics of the Swedish Biofuel System SANCHES-PEREIRA, A.; GÓMEZ, M. F. (KTH Royal institute of Technology-Sweden)
|
Abstract: The study’s overall objective is to present how the development of the Swedish biofuels system impacts the achievement of the European Union’s target of 10% of renewable fuels in transport by 2020 and the establishment of a vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels by 2030. The methodological approach is based on a combination of forecasting and backcasting scenarios. This cross-analysis is used to relate one set of data with others in order to identify gaps between the potential energy use in the Swedish domestic transport sector with the country’s desired targets. Our analysis shows three gaps related to i) infrastructure and management capabilities for local biofuel production, ii) policy instruments to trigger systemic changes to reduce dependence of imports, and ii i) investment decisions. In order to bridge those gaps, policymakers have to decide on how to steer the system’s development not only by combining different pathways between different growth patterns of the Swedish biofuel system but also deciding either to apply supply or demand pressures onto the system as driving forces. These choices have to be taken in a very short-run in order to shape the development of the Swedish biofuel system away of failing the target of establishing a vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels by 2030. Keywords: Biofuels, bioenergy systems, transport sector, Sweden. |
||
Towards a More Sustainable Passenger Transport: Management of Disutility Related to Environmental Impacts RAYMUNDO, H. (UNIP/ANTP); REIS, J. G. M. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: Passenger Transport (PT) imposes disadvantages (disutilities) to its users. One of these disutilities is the environmental impact caused by greenhouse gases emissions from PT vehicles, specifically CO2, the main cause of global warming. This paper aims to show ways to manage this disutility, drawing from Brazilian experience, using two freely available planning tools: (i) reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels in Public Transport vehicles by the substitution of buses, and (ii) changes of modal-split (modal share). Keywords: passenger transport, disutilities, management of environmental impacts, public transport, modal-split |
||
Training in Cleaner Production Company in the Furniture Sector in the State of Alagoas SOUSA, S. (IFAL/UFBA); CÉSAR, S. F.; KIPERSTOK, A. (UFBA)
|
Abstract: Environmental management has assumed a prominent position on the concerns of society, making people rethink their attitudes towards the environment. In business, the concern with the production processes has great importance. It is assumed that the key to sustainable development lies in the implementation of programs aiming to empower your employees so they can contribute to the preservation of nature and the implementation of a management focused on social and environmental needs, reinforcing the concern for the environment. Given this context, the objective of the research is to develop training tool with the Cleaner Production (CP), given its importance in a possible organizational culture change process. The training tool will focus on employees of small companies in the furniture sector in the State of Alagoas, now structured as Local Productive Arrangement (APL), with approximately 300 Micro and Small Enterprises. The methodology adopted for this research is qualitative in nature. Armed with data from non-participant observation, as well as those obtained after questionnaires, farthere will be a tabulation of the data as the basis for creating the training tool. The instrument created should be tested in company of the furniture sector in the State of Alagoas. The research project is part of the Industrial Engineering Program at Federal University of Bahia - PEI / UFBA, aiming to obtain a Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering from one of the authors. Keywords: Cleaner Production, clean technology, training, micro and small enterprises, furniture sector [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Transaction Costs in Environmental Purchasing: Analysis Through Two Case Studies CAMPOS, J. G. F.; MELLO, A. M. A.; KRUGLIANSKAS, I. A. (USP)
|
Abstract: The concern about corporate environmental performance has progressively extended the scope from the company to embrace its supply chain. Thus, supply chain management (SCM) has been adjusting itself to the so-called Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), for which the environmental purchasing has been one of its most significant elements. By doing so, companies adopt additional criteria for evaluating suppliers, which, as argued, generates additional transaction costs. From the SCM theoretical basis and their specificities regarding GSCM, and looking through the analytical lenses of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), this article aims to discuss the transaction costs involved in the supplier selection process with the environmental purchasing approach. As a result, the research contributes to further develop the discussion on the application of TCE within the GSCM, developing and analyzing, in the light of two cases, six propositions that relate the environmental purchasing with transaction costs. Keywords: Green supply chain management (GSCM), Environmental purchasing, Transaction cost economics (TCE), Supplier selection [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Transforming an Industrial District into an Ecological Industrial Park: A Methodological Proposal TRAMA, C. P.; MAGRINI, A. (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: The Industrial Ecology (IE), by its principles and instruments, such as Industrial Symbiosis (IS) and Ecological Industrial Park (EIP), enables the connection of productive activities and the acquisition of environmental, social and economic benefits. In the scope of IE and the operation of Industrial Districts (IDs), this article aims to present a methodology for the transformation of an ID into an EIP. Initially, a synthesis of the concepts of IE, IS and EIP is presented. Then, the methodology proposed for the transformation of an ID into an EIP is described, structured in the evaluation of the potential of enterprises of an ID to compose an EIP and in the proposition of suitable scenarios for the conversion of the district into an EIP. By way of validation, the proposed methodology is applied to the José Vieira de Mendonça Industrial District, located in the Municipality of Vespasiano, Minas Gerais state (MG). It is noticed that the methodological proposal presented here for the conversion of IDs into EIPs, while announces itself as gradual and inspiring of an IE culture’s establishment in the scope of IDs, allows the integrated and collaborative incorporation of sustainability practices into its operation, which can result in gains both for the district itself and for the environments where it is located. Keywords: Industrial Ecology, Ecological Industrial Park, Industrial Symbiosis, Industrial District, Brazil [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Treating Input Data Uncertainty in LCA: Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Approaches SANTOS, T. B.; ARRUDA, J. R. F. (UNICAMP); BRISSAUD, D. (Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble-France)
|
Abstract: This work aims at discussing the differences between Monte Carlo method and Fuzzy data sets approaches when dealing with input data uncertainty in LCA models. Input data variation is treated in most LCA studies considering uncertainties because practitioners do not have the necessary specific data for the case study or even because the available data has a characteristic variation. In this work the probabilistic and the possibilistic approaches are detailed discussed and the probability density function and the membership function curves of the respective results are compared, through the application of both methods in a simple case study. It consists of two materials mainly composed of recycled cotton fibers used as acoustic barriers in automotive vehicles: DL (Dual Layer) and ABA (Absorption, Barrier, Absorption). The Monte Carlo Method was applied through SimaPro® . The lognormal probability density function adapted to the result data showed that DL material is more impacting then the ABA one in the Acidification category, however in the P hotochemical Oxidation category, there is an intersection between the curves and in this interval there is a chance of both materials to be the most harmful for the environment. The same results were observed through the membership functions of these impact categories when applying the Fuzzy data sets approach; therefore, probabilistic and possibilistic approaches were validated for the treatment of input data uncertainty in LCA models and they can be useful tools for LCA practitioners. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Input data uncertainty, Monte Carlo Method, Fuzzy data sets |
||
Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Physical-Chemical and Advanced Oxidation Processes J. C. Tosato Jr, M. R. T. Halasz (FAACZ) |
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the performance of three techniques for the treatment of textile effluents, specifically the coagulation / sedimentation, ozonation and Fenton applied alone, and the application of oxidative processes after the physical and chemical treatment. We checked the effects of the treatments used in the removal of concentrations of the parameters color, BOD, settleable solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and turbidity. The results show that all forms of treatment achieved the standards for release in the receptor, whereas, maximum reductions were achieved after treatment with coagulation / sedimentation followed by ozonation, they are: 94.39% for settleable solids, 93.5% for total dissolved solids, settleable solids to 97.5%, 78.1% for COD, 67.5% for BOD, 98.3% to 96.6% for turbidity and apparent color. Based on these results, the use of advanced oxidation processes for treatment of textile effluents is justified by the potential removal of the parameters studied as a function of time,providing economic and environmental gains for the industry. Keywords: Textile wastewater, ozonation, fenton, coagulation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Trends for use Niobium in the Sector of Microelectronics BREJÃO, A. S.; MORAES, M. O.; VENDRAMETTO, O. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The economic management and production, in the semiconductor industry, can give the companies in sector microelectronic opportunities to be more competitive. To be competitive, business management requires planning, research, developing manufacturing processes, especially in technology. New models of production and the increase in technologies are becoming more specialized to industries of microelectronics sectors increasing the added value to the product and / or process. The increase of these processes and improved and strategically welldefined production projects may provide greater technical advantage. Recent research points to the development of alternative materials for the production of semiconductors such as niobium, in replacement of silicon, which due to its property of high tolerance to extreme temperatures can significantly increase processing speed, converging to a revolution in technology computational. Keywords: Semiconductor, superconductivity, silicon, niobium [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Tunnels and Non-Destructive Methods of Multi-Utility: Benefits for the Sustainability of the Networks of Urban Infrastructure E. L. de Oliveira, M. T. Salles (UFF) |
Abstract: This paper aims at addressing the constructive processes of underground networks and urban infrastructure from the perspective of sustainability. The methodology is based on analyzing the most common methods that are digging the tunnels and non-destructive multi-utility. From the study of the methods separately is a comparative analysis that results in the profile within each aspect of sustainability. The conclusion can be reached after this study is of how much still needs to be done in the construction sector so that it incorporates the concepts of sustainability. Keywords: Urban infrastructure, underground, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Undergraduate Student Understanding of Green Chemistry Concept V. S. Antonin, A. C. Morashashi (UFABC), G. R. P. Malpass (UFTM) |
Abstract: The teaching module introduction to Green and sustainable chemistry was given for the first time at the Universidade Federal do ABC during the 3rd academic term of 2009. With the aim of mapping the students understanding of the subject before and after the learning process, a questionnaire with 8 questions was applied. The questionnaires were distributed to the students of two classes (daytime and nighttime). It was observed that the module was efficient in the sense that the students were able to increase (or initiate) their knowledge of the area. It was also verified that there was a need to increase awareness of Green and Sustainable chemistry in academic circles and to educate professionals in the private sector in the area. Keywords: Green chemistry, sustainable chemistry, Life Cicle Analysis, industrial ecology [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Understanding the Reverse Chain Structure of the Glass Bottles in São Paulo TORRES, A. F. R.; GONÇALVES-DIAS, S. L. F. (USP - Brazil)
|
Abstract: The study analyzes the structure of glass bottles reverse logistics in Sao Paulo city, using the decision framework proposed by de Brito e Dekker (2002) outlining the questions how, why and what reverse logistics happen. The study used primary and secondary data to construct the scheme of the structure and understand the operational of the dynamic. There are multiple stakeholders, highlighting the big presence of the informal sector represented by the waste pickers organizations and the bottle pickers. There are additional elements present in some glass bottles, that are not projected to disassembly and are considered as impurities by the customers. The removal of such elements makes the pre-processing more difficult. In brazil, there are enough instruments to regulate the responsibilities of the manufacturers, distributors and merchants. We outline that the main barriers of the reverse logistics in the case of the glass are due to little cover of the selective waste collection, the laborious handling and pre-processing stages and the lack of economic incentives for the glass recycling market. Keywords: Reverse logistics, post-consumer package, glass, recycle |
||
University-Industry Interaction on Cleaner Production. The Case of the Cleaner Production Center at the University of Cienfuegos (Cuba) CABELLO ERAS, J. J.; SAGASTUME GUTIÉREZ, A. A.; GARCIA LORENZO, D. A.; COGOLLOS MARTINEZ, J. B. (University of Cienfuegos, Cuba); HENS, L. B. (VITO, Belgium); VANDECASTEELE, C. C. (University of Leuven, Belgium)
|
Abstract: Universities are key stakeholders in teaching, researching and supporting the implementation of cleaner production activities. This case study discusses the experience of establishing and operating the Cleaner Production Center at the University of Cienfuegos (Cuba). Establishing, starting-up and running the center during its first four years of activity was supported by two projects targeted to inter-university cooperation. The collaboration allowed to establish a master program on cleaner production which acts as a bridge between the university, and the production industry and the services sector in the province of Cienfuegos. Currently 32 students from the first two promotions graduated and the program of two other promotions is ongoing. The master thesis research works are defined improving the environmental performance of the companies or organizations the student originate from. This results in a measurable improvement of the air and surface water quality in Cienfuegos city. An estimated yearly reduction of the emission of 60 000 ton of carbon dioxide equivalents and of 400 MWh at a cement plant have been realized. Research activities currently target the pollution inventory of Cienfuegos, energy production from local biomass, and establishing indicators for sustainable development for Cienfuegos. The inter-university collaboration resulted in several publications in international peer reviewed journals. The successful inter-university North-South collaboration between Cuba and Belgium, targeted at capacity building, transfer of experience and expertise, proved to be most crucial during these first years the center was active. It allowed generating the necessary funds which are often difficult to raise in developing countries. Therefore this is a unique case of building academic experience on Cleaner Production. Keywords: Cleaner production center, inter-university cooperation, master training, research
|
||
Untying the Need for Fossil Fuels: The Role of Brazil in Building a Greener Energy Matrix V. B. Matijascic, D. M. Medeiros (UNESP) |
Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to discuss how Brazil has invested in diversification of its energy matrix to support the diplomatic discourse, in recent years, that defended new and less polluting resources over the current global energy paradigm that is based on the use of oil. In this way, we will analyze the latest available data provided by the government agencies and we will confront this information to the use of few clean resources explored in the country. We concluded that Brazil still has a framework of energy dependence. However, we believe that Brazilian diplomacy played the main role of encouraging other countries to think about alternative possibilities to the current energy paradigm taking into account their possible contribution to reduce greenhouse effect and to reduce damage to the environmental impact on the globe. Keywords: Energy matrix, Brazil, renewable resources, diplomacy [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Upcycling in the Fashion Segment: Case Study at Recollection Lab LUCIETTI, T. J.; RAMOS, M. D. S.; SORATTO, R. B. TRIERWEILLER, A. C. (UFSC)
|
Abstract: The short life cycle of a fashion product has been a major environmental problem. From the raw material to the disposal several environmental impacts are generated, seeking a minimization of these problems brands with the concept of upcycling are emerging. What would have as destiny the trash becomes becoming the object of desire of many consumers. In this study, we focus on sustainability in fashion, as well as a brief case study of the Recollection Lab brand, and how reuse of discarded pieces served as a raw material for the emergence of a new niche in fashion that is: upcycling. Keywords: Fashion design, sustainability, upcycling, conscious consumption [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Urbanistic-Environmental Regularization of Anthropic Occupation in Water Source Protection Area of the Billings dam: A Public Policy Proposal L. C. Ribas; R. T. F. Cagini (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Properties located in water source protection areas, in spite of the severe restrictions and expressive environmental attributes, are several times object of irregular anthropic occupations for housing purposes. In this study, an area around the Billings dam was analyzed, where in 1996, occurred a deforesting for the irregular implementation of land parceling. Once occupied, the reversal of the environmental and urbanistic impacts of such areas of water source protection is somewhat complex, difficult, time-consuming and practically unfeasible. Any way, attempts were made for this purpose without reaching a final and satisfactory success. At the end, this legal adjudication did not come into effect and, in addition, not only streets were opened but also additional deforesting, land locations were identified and the area was even fenced. The unique alternative was its urbanistic-environmental regulation. The Department of Metropolitan Ground Usage, of the Environment State Department, submitted technical guidelines for regulation of the area, however, the owners have applied for an appeal, postponing the regulation process. New technical inspections were undertaken and the environmental problems increased. The number of technical recommendations also increased for regulation of the area. The present study tried to indicate guidelines aiming at a public policy for urbanistic and environmental regulation of similar cases as well as the elimination of urbanistic and environmental liabilities already accumulated in the Billings dam water source protection area. Environmental compensation measures were also suggested as an alternative to the indemnifying scope of the Department of Justice of the State of São Paulo, such as for example, donation to the Public Institutions of land located in Areas with Occupation Restriction, of other areas indicated by the authorities as priorities to assure preservation of the water source, creation of a Conservation Unity and/or environmental recovery of areas located in the Billings hydrographic basin. Keywords: Occupation, anthropic, irregular, Water Source Protection Area, Billings dam, urbanistic-environmental regulation [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Use of Cleaner Production Techniques to Recovery of the Soils and Reuse of the Sewage K. C. Passarini, T. M. F. Brito, S. M. Levy, R. M. Vanalle (UNINOVE), E. B. Tambourgi (UNICAMP), J. C. C. Santana (UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: In this study is reported a methodology for reusing of the construction building waste (CBW) in agriculture, to better of the degraded soil, thus contributing with the waste decreasing, material extraction and inadequate disposal of these waste. It used a layer of construction building waste for treatment of sewage collected of the Station of Sewage Treatment of SANASA from Campinas (Brazil) was treated by decantation process, using as the precipitating agent a compound obtained from construction building waste. For humus production the sludge from decantation process was mixed to the degraded soil and after 15 days maize seeds were germinated. The liquid from sewage was also treated by microfiltration to obtain the reuse water and applying in the irrigation. The best condition of humus production was evaluated by factorial planning and response surface methodology. Results had proven to improve in soil fertility by using humus produced from sludge composed of a mixture of crushed construction waste and raw sewage, as well as irrigation using treated sewage water is possible. Keywords: Reuse, sewage, construction building waste, humus, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Use of Experimental Design in the Study of Water Absorption of Ceramic Incorporated with Red Mud BABISK, M. P. (UENF); BUROCK, I. P. (UFES); RIBEIRO, L. S. (UENF); PRADO, U. S. (Lining - Repr. Consult. & Projetos Ltda); MONTEIRO, S. N. (Instituto Militar de Engenharia - RJ); VIEIRA, C. M. F. (UENF)
|
Abstract: During the processes of alumina processing, in the Bayer process, an insoluble residue known as red mud is generated. The incorporation of industrial waste in ceramics has been widely used today in the search for alternative raw materials, and also seeking an environmentally correct disposal of waste that pollute.The objective of this work was to use experimental design to study water absorption in ceramic incorporated with red mud. Experimental points were used, whose contents of the materials used varied from 0 to 100%, and the formulations fired at 950°C, the dry density of the raw materials and linear shrinkage of the compositions were also investigated. The green clay and the mixtures containing the highest percentages of the same presented lower values of water absorption and linear shrinkage of firing. The mathematical model that fitted the most was the special cubic. The results obtained in the planning of mixtures show that for the three experimental regions proposed, the special cubic model was the one that most adjusted to the real results, and that this is statistically the best mathematical model and should be used to evaluate the water absorption. Keywords: Red mud, red ceramic, residue, experimental design [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Use of Red Mud Activated at Different Temperatures as a Low Cost Adsorbent of Reactive Dye ANTUNES, M. L. P.; CONCEIÇÃO, F. T.; NAVARRO, G. R. B.; FERNANDES, A. M.; DURRANT, S. F. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The bauxite refine residue (Red Mud) is an important waste generated in the aluminum production, and its reuse should be used as a low-cost adsorbent in environmental remediation and industrial effluent treatment, including the reactive blue 19 dye (RB19) used in the textile industry. This study aimed to investigate the thermal treated influence on adsorption of RB19 by red mud, comparing with adsorption capacity of natural red mud. Thermal treatment results in a greater surface area, which results in an increased adsorption capacity due to more available adsorption sites. Adsorption of RB 19 has been found to be best achieved in acidic conditions using red mud heated to 500ºC, with an adsorption capacity of 416 mg g-1 compared to 357 mg g-1 for untreated red mud. Sodalite can be the main phase related to the adsorption capacity of RB19 on natural and thermal treated red mud. However, with the increase in temperature, there is a partial decomposition of this mineral phase, being this fact responsible for the lowest qm values observed in RM800 (337 mg g-1 ). Keywords: Red Mud, Reactive dye adsorption, Isotherms models, Environmental Management [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Use of Red Mud Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide and Activated by Heat Treatment as a Means Adsorption of the Dye Reactive Blue 19 K. C. Souza, M. L. P. Antunes (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The effluents generated by textile industries have an undesirable level of staining due to the dyeing step, leading to changes in water quality resulting in harmful effects to the environment. Adsorption is a technique that has been used successfully in the treatment of textile effluents, but due to the high cost of some conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon, research has been directed to the use of alternative low cost adsorbents. Among the materials with great potential adsorbent that may be used instead of activated charcoal is the red mud, a waste generated on a large scale in the manufacturing process of aluminum. As a result, the objective of this study was to use the red mud activated by chemical treatment by hydrogen peroxide and heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ° C as a means adsorption of the dye Reactive Blue 19. Through the model of Langmuir was possible to obtain the adsorption capacity of red mud of approximately 192.3 mg / g, and can thus be concluded that the conditions used in the adsorption process were appropriate and conducive to the removal of the dye in aqueous solution, and that the red mud when activated by heat and chemical treatment is presented as an alternative adsorbent and low cost. Keywords: Red mud, dye, adsorption, isotherm [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Use of Residual Material from the Manufacture of Ceramic Bricks as an Alternative to Improve Soils of High Plasticity Clays GALLARDO, R. J.; MARTINEZ, C. A.; MUÑOZ, A. A. (Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña - Colombia)
|
Abstract: At 2017 Colombia produced an estimated 350,000 tons of bricks per month, the manufacturing process of this product, in addition to generating large amounts of pollution, has a certain percentage of waste, which varies with respect to the level of technification of the brick factory, this Residue in general constitutes an environmental liability and the objective of this work was to study the implementation of the crushed waste from brick manufacturing, as a stabilizing agent of clay soils of high plasticity. The physical and mechanical properties of the waste material were studied, when it was included in the soil mass in proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight, the results indicated a considerable increase in soil resistance, expressed in the value of the soil. CBR that went from 6.7% in natural state to 12.7% for the mixture of 15%, and a reduction in the plasticity index of 23.18% with respect to the natural condition. These values indicate that the use of waste material for the stabilization of soil with problems associated with high plasticity, constitute a viable and environmentally friendly alternative. Keywords: Residue, Alternative material, Plasticity, Stabilization, Ceramic brick.
|
||
Use of Solid Waste in the Cleaner Production of Soli Bricks Cement: Physical and Mechanical Characterization PAIXÃO, R. M.; DA SILVA, J. R. R.; AQUOTTI, N. C. F.; DA SILVA, P. S.; LIZAMA, M. A. P.; ANDREAZZI, M. A.; GONÇALVES, J. E. (UNICESUMAR) |
Abstract: The use of ethanol and sugar industry waste and the furniture industry waste in the manufacture of soil-cement bricks is an environmentally sustainable alternative that preserves non-renewable resources and enables the recovery of such waste, instead of simply throwing them in nature. In addition, soil-cement bricks do not go through the cooking process, avoiding deforestation and consequently air pollution. In this paper, we analyzed the influence of the addition of sugarcane bagasse ash and sawdust on the physical and mechanical characteristics of soil-cement brick. The bricks were molded and pressed, using percentages of 35% of sandy and clay soil, cement and sugarcane bagasse ash ranging from 10-30% and 10% of sawdust, all compared to the mass of the resulting mixing soil-cement-recycled . The results showed that the incorporation of recycled waste (sugarcane bagasse ash and sawdust) to the soil-cement brick remained the mechanical properties, enabling cost reduction and production of best quality pressed bricks, becoming thus, an excellent alternative to the use of these materials. Keywords: Brick soil-cement-recycled, Sugarcane bagasse ash, Sawdust, Environmental reuse
|
||
Use of Vermiculite Coated with Chitosan as an Agent Adsorbent Synthetic Ions of Lead (Pb++) A. P. O. da Silva, J. L. S. Melo, J. V. de Melo (UFRN)
|
Abstract: Vermiculite and chitosan have been used as adsorbent materials of low cost, because they present good characteristics for removal of heavy metals. This work presents a study of removal of lead ions (II) by clay vermiculite coated with chitosan, previously characterized by scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The results showed that the removal capacity of Pb++ by vermiculite was, on average, 88.4% for synthetic wastewater with concentrations ranging from 1000 mg / L. Keywords: Vermiculite, chitosan, heavy metals, adsorption [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Use of Waste Processing Sheet Laminated Bamboo Blended for Platemaking KRAVCHENKO, G. A.(PUC-GO/UFG); FERREIRA, E. M. (UFG); PASQUALETTO, A. (IFGOIAS)
|
Abstract: The clean production technologies are useful tools for environmental management of waste, minimizing the aspects generating negative impacts on the environment. The bamboo has properties relevant to the manufacture of products, enables the replacement of conventional wood in various applications and can all be used. The byproduct resulting from its processing as chips and sawdust, can be used for the production of particleboard. This work provides a research for developing sheets of bamboo blended using waste collected by exhaust coupled to a conventional four-sided planing machine used in woodworking responsible for the standardization of bamboo slats during manufacturing laminated bamboo. To prove the workability of the plate recomposed developed, tests were performed in a practical joinery using conventional operations: radial cutting circular saw, planer trowel, Thicknesser planer, circular sizing, drill, router, sander and still test aquarium, where observed hydrophobicity of the adhesives used. The results demonstrated the ability to be applied in construction, in home furnishings, packaging and furniture industries, as well as reducing the volume of solid waste disposed in the environment. Keywords: Remains of bamboo, environmental management, cleaner production, recycling, solid waste. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Used Cooking Oil Recycling: a Contribution to Increase the Process Productivity O. S. R. Pitta Junior (FATEC - Santos-SP); M. S. Nogueira Neto; J. B. Sacomano; J. L. A. Lima (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The increasing importance of the environmental preservation and the incessant search for competitive advantages between the companies shows us the evident relevance of the reverse logistics evaluation about the cooking oil. This article explores the methods applied by some used cooking oil collectors organizations, the problems found out by oil consumers when throwing it out and the initiatives of the legislative power in laws creation about the return of the discard, focusing on understanding the reasons why sometimes the residue is not being gathered in great scale and returned to the productive cycle. Keywords: Reverse logistics, cooking oil, recycling, competitive advantage [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Using the Method Adapted TRIZ as a Tool to Support the Implementation of Cleaner Production OLIVEIRA, J. M.; SOUTO, L. B.; TORRES, M. S. (SENAI-RS)
|
Abstract: This work reports the experience of applying the TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) adapted method as a support tool to Cleaner Production Program (CP) implementation. The focused CP implementation case study was carried out in a company that manufactures toys and industrial components. As the CP methodology does not utilize any specific tool for the formulation of solutions to the prioritized cases, it was proposed to apply the TRIZ adapted method. This tool showed efficacious inasmuch as it allows an approach on the organization's improvement opportunities in an unconventional form at, bringing greater freedom for the development of creative ideas and solutions, as a result of a broader evaluation of the problematic situation. The waste generation reduction results and the consequent decrease in costs after CP implementation aided by the TRIZ adapted method showed satisfactory, leading to a positive evaluation of this experience. Keywords: Cleaner production, TRIZ, problem solving, rotational molding |
||
Using the simulation of Cleaner Production Methodology for minimization of Volatile Organic Products emissions in Printing Industry M. B. P. dos Santos; F. P. Canesin (UFF)
|
Abstract: The main purpose of this essay was to simulate the application of the methodology of Cleaner Production in the printing sector of a Graphic Industry, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, for the minimization of the emission of organic volatile products. The Cleaner Production program was implemented during a 6 months period, consisting of phases and steps which were established by UNEP. The present study used data of the production of Folder/Sheets, color 1/0, size A4, with a production of 25000 sheets, three times a week, using an Aurélia 500 Bi printer. Environmental diagnosis of the process showed several opportunities of improvement by changing technology and substituting the raw materials. A mass balance simulation showed significant reductions in emissions of volatile organic products (90%). The obstacles found in this study were based on lack of budgetary forecast implementation of these changes; an organizational culture not fully directed toward the efficient use of the resources and the difficulty in the implantation of projects that generate expenditure increase. Keywords: Cleaner production, graphic, atmosphere emissions [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Utilization of Energy in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill G. F. da Silva, C. M. V. B. de Almeida (UNIP) |
Abstract: In developing countries the landfills stand out as a way for final disposition of the urban solid waste by showing the lower cost and the engineering techniques that aim the minimization of the impacts to the public and environmental health. In this sense, this study makes the emergy synthesis of a landfill in the city of São Paulo. That has a project of environmental compensation and electric energy generation by burning biogas. The total emergy of the system equals 1,22x10e+20 sej. And the specifc emergy of the USW are equivalent to 8,36x10e+11 sej/m³ and transformity of the electric energy that was produced is 4,67x10e+3 sej/J. Keywords: Emergy, landfill, biogas, environmental [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Utilization of Glass Wool Waste in Gypsum Board ANTUNES, M. L. P.; PIERONI, B. B. V. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Nowadays, the industrial and world`s consumption of products growth becomes increasingly necessary to developnew alternatives for the reuse of materials. The glass wool, by their physical and chemical properties is one of the most traditional thermal and acoustic insulation used in the world. When generated as waste in an industry of acoustic materials, the final destination most common is the disposal in landfills. The present study aimed to propose alternatives for final allocations of glass wool. In order to characterize the material was held wettability test and measured and the apparent density. The waste is hydrophilic. The incorporation of this waste in gypsum boards can be used to produce a material that improves the sound insulation property, and an option for reuse than reducing waste disposal. Keywords: Glass wool, gypsum board, waste |
||
Utilization of Kaolin Residue fir Plasma-Assisted Electrolytic Oxidation in Aluminum Alloy 5052 PÁLINKÁS, F. B. S. M.; ANTUNES, M. L. P. (UNESP); SOUZA, J. A. S. (UFPA); CRUZ, N. C.; RANGEL, E. C. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: Kaolin is a mineral widely exploited in the national and international trade for various industrial purposes especially for bleaching and paper filler. The kaolin processing process generates 500 thousand tons of annual residue. Residue is usually disposed of in hills and can cause environmental damage such as contamination of water and soil, as well as changes in the natural landscape. Aiming at the valorization of the kaolin residue, this work proposes its use in the production of protective coatings in aluminum alloy by the technique of electrolytic oxidation assisted by plasma (PEO) and evaluation of the characteristics of the coatings obtained. PEO is the name given to the technique for treating metal surfaces similar to anodizing, but combined with the atmospheric plasma technique. In this work, coatings on 5052 aluminum alloy substrates were produced by PEO using electrolytic solution of 5 g/L kaolin residue, the time of deposition being varied in 5, 10 and 15 minutes, in order to investigate the Properties of the coatings obtained under these conditions. The coatings were evaluated for their thickness, chemical and mineral composition, wettability, roughness and morphology. In this way a rough and hydrophilic coating was produced, whose morphology is characterized by pores and regions of coalescence. The elemental chemical composition of these coatings shows Al, Si, O and Mg, elements present in the aluminum alloy and in the electrolytic solution. This coating is composed of ceramic material and presents crystalline structure corresponding to alumina. For a longer deposition time (15 minutes) a crystalline structure corresponding to mullite is also formed. These compounds are characterized by good chemical stability, high refractoriness and ability to withstand high temperatures, allowing their use in the development of new materials technologies. Keywords: Kaolin, kaolin residue, electrolytic plasma, ceramic coating |
||
Valorization of Solid residues: egg shell as raw material to new products development D. A. Oliveira; P. Benelli; E. R. Amante (UFSC)
|
Abstract: Chicken egg is very used in food industries, due to its technological properties. The industrialization produces an expressive quantity of shells, being yet considered as waste, especially destined to agriculture. Egg shell has a rich composition in minerals that can be the basis to several industries. Beside this advantage, it is not valued. This work have the objective of joint information’s on technological potentialities of minerals and protein membrane of the chicken egg shells, that until this time are non appropriately used; as well analyze the economical viability of implantation of industries enable of this residues processing, increasing its value and giving some idea of the environmental impact generated from this suggested process. Keywords: Chicken eggs, calcium carbonate, protein hydrolyzed, protein hydrolyzed, wastes valorization [Abstract] [Paper in Portugese] |
||
Vehicle Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GEE) in Automotive Diesel Powered MELO JUNIOR, A. S (USP/UNIP); GATTI, L. (USP); FERREIRA, P. G.; FRUGOLI, A. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: The study of the emission of greenhouse gases(GEE)
in the atmosphere is of fundamental importance
due to global climate change and its consequences for ecosystems. Studies involving vehicular
emissions are of great importance due to its role in GEE emissions. The aim of the research was to
determine the emission of major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4
and N2O) in the diesel fleet. For this, we
studied three Diesel-powered vehicles for emission
test on the dynamometer LACTEC in Curitiba. Were
tested vehicles manufactured in 2003, 2007 and 2008. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Verification of the applicability of organic fertilizer, obtained in the composting and biodigestion processes, in the production of American lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) SILVA, C. (IFPR - Brazil); CARVALHO, J. V. C. (UFMG - Brazil); DELAI, V. M.; DIAS, A. B.; ROCHA, S. A.; SILVA, L. K. (IFPR - Brazil)
|
Abstract: In Brazil, there is a lack of consolidated initiatives for the recovery and recovery of the organic fraction, which has an overload in the final disposal systems, which receive approximately 71.34 million tons per year, of which 12.4 million tons are still are deposited in dumps, the worst form of possible destination and daily source of environmental pollution, causing several health problems. Organic waste has the characteristic that it can be recycled through composting or biodigestion, at any scale, from the domestic to the industrial, providing an environmentally appropriate, low-cost and easily used organic waste disposal destination for the population and obtaining of a high quality organic compound. The present work has the objective of verifying the applicability of organic fertilizer, obtained in the composting and biodigestion processes, in lettuce production (Lactuca sativa L.). The food residues used in the production of organic fertilizer were collected at the Federal Institute of Paraná, Umuarama Campus. The organic matter was submitted to the recycling processes via composting and via biodigestion. The organic fertilizers obtained were applied in the production of lettuce, in experimental beds, under controlled environment, under greenhouse conditions. The parameters used for lettuce growth analysis were: number of leaves, height (cm), fresh mass (g) and dry mass (g). The biofertilizer performed efficiently on lettuce growth, presenting the most significant mean values for leaves, height and fresh mass, which were, respectively, 14.33 ± 2.31, 19 , 67 ± 1.76cm and 57.97 ± 4.10g. For lettuce with compound insertion in the soil, the growth was impaired by the high pH of the soil. However, recycling of organic waste contributes to the reduction and disposal of organic matter with high contaminant potential. The management of this waste meets the objectives of sustainable development, contributing to the achievement of sustainable cities, responsible consumption and production. Keywords: Composting, biodigestion, food waste, organic fertilizer. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Verification of Applicability of the Adhesive of Castor Oil in the Manufacture of Glued Laminated Bamboo VENTURA, F. C. (UNESP/FATEC); RAMOS, B. P. F.; PEREIRA, M. A. R. (UNESP)
|
Abstract: The current concern with the environment promotes the development of new technologies for production with use of alternative materials, from renewable resources, and changes in production processes, having as main objective the reduction of environmental impact. One of the alternatives for Cleaner Production is the use of castor oil derivatives instead of non-renewable sources, such as adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate (PVA), applied in the manufacturing process of Glued Laminated Bamboo. Based on the versatility of the bamboo laminate and the castor oil, and from the perspective of sustainability, this study aims to contribute to the application of new materials and processes, used in the manufacturing industry, by proposing the use of the oil castor adhesive for Glued Laminated Bamboo manufacturing, which can later be used in the manufacture of several products. To verify the applicability of the castor oil adhesive in the Glued Laminated Bamboo manufacture, mechanical tests of traction and shearing of the glue sheet were performed in specimens of the said material, and the results compared with the Cascorez 2590 and Waterbond adhesives. The results showed that the castor oil adhesive, in the traction test, has superior performance than the Waterbond adhesive and slightly below than the Cascorez 2590 adhesive, but in the shear test, the castor oil adhesive presented a slightly inferior performance than the other two adhesives used in the comparison. Keywords: Design, castor oil, glued laminated bamboo, sustainable development, PVA adhesives [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Verification of Outcomes from Carbon Market Under the Solid Waste Sector CRUZ, S. R. S. (UNICAMP); PAULINO, S. R.; PAIVA, D. T. (USP)
|
Abstract: The paper addresses the verification of outcomes from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in landfills. Our research focuses on the São Paulo Metropolitan Area and outlines six CDM projects: Bandeirantes, São João, Caieiras, Itapevi, Pedreira, and Lara. 23 indicators are proposed, organized in the social and environmental dimensions.The process of construction of indicators was participatory, taking into account also the validation by experts, through the Delphi technique. Those dimensions are subdivided into five themes: participation, emphasizing the participation of associations and cooperatives surrounding landfills; articulation among agents involved, which have different interests; benefits, focusing on the CDM application for solid waste sector (especially waste pickers cooperatives and technology transfer); environmental quality monitoring, highlighting the issue of odor; and gas emissions monitoring related to the efficiency of biogas capture system. The aforementioned results corroborates the relevance of the indicators developed based on interdisciplinary and multi-agent approaches, considering the different stakeholders. Keywords: Co-benefits indicator, Clean Development Mechanism, landfill [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Waste Effluent as Natural Dyestuff T. Rossi, R. S. R. Almeida, J. O. Brito, E. Bittencourt, P. N. Faria, C. T. S. Dias (USP)
|
Abstract: Currently, natural dyes are gaining wider interest in society, creating a new market niche that
values products obtained from natural raw material, due to less damage to human health and
the environment. A potential source for obtaining these dyes lies in the industrial production of
essential oil from eucalyptus leaves. This uses the liquid waste generated in the distillation stage
of the eucalyptus leaves, using water steam; a large volume of which is generated and disposed
of as effluent. Brazil is one of the main global producers of oil from eucalyptus leaves, especially
Corymbia citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora), and so there is enormous potential for exploitation
of this effluent as raw material. The potential of this residue as a natural dye was evaluated,
specifically for cotton fabrics. The effluent residue was concentrated and the physical-chemical
characteristics of the obtained natural dyestuff was evaluated; presenting an acid pH and total
solid content of 3.3% and 48.1% and condensed tannin content of 10.9% respectively. As for
color of the extracts, it showed a brown color with CIE LAB values of L=0,19; a=0,50 and
b=0,17. The naturally dyed fabric was evaluated for color solidity after washing: staining of the
multi-fiber fabric was greater than 4 and the notes of color change were 3-4. The solidity of the
washing results showed that the natural dyestuff reached the acceptable notes for the textile
industry and the natural dye obtained from the waste effluent leaves of C. citriodora has a
potential of use as natural dyestuff in the dyeing of cotton. In future studies, the evaluation of Keywords: Distillation, residue, Corymbia citriodora, dyed fabric [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Waste from Eucalyptus Wood Steaming as a Natural Dye Source for Dyeing Cotton ROSSI, T. S.; ARAÚJO, M. C. (USP); DE MOURA, L. F. (Plant Environmental Intelligence); BRITO, J. O. (ESALQ); FREEMAN, H. S. (North Carolina State University, USA)
|
Abstract: Textile Industry is increasingly researching for cleaner production improvements, such as new processes and materials. Natural dyes are gaining interest due their expected low risk to human health and the environment. In this study, the potential for using colored liquid waste produced in the steam treatment of eucalyptus wood as a natural coloring matter for textile cotton was investigated. Specifically, eucalyptus wood extract from waste eucalyptus wood steaming was used to dye cotton in an exhaust dyeing process without the addition of traditional mordanting agents. The resulting dyed fabrics were evaluated for color fastness. It was found that wash fastness of waste dyed fabrics was very good, while light fastness was typical of natural dyes. It ws also found excellent rubbing fastness ratings. In this regard, the waste from eucalyptus wood steaming is accepted as a new material on Cleaner Production strategies in Textile Industry applications in cotton dyeing. Keywords: Textile industry, natural dyes, cotton, waste, eucalyptus |
||
Waste Management of Salt Solar Distillation M. A. S. B. Sousa; J. L. S. Melo; H. N. S. Melo; M. C. Borges; A. O. Nunes (UFRN)
|
Abstract: The solar desalination is an efficient technique for removal of salts. This work aims to show the matter of management of salts in a distiller powered by solar produced water with oil reduced. The work was carried in Natal / RN - Brazil during the months of August and September 2007. The equipment used is a single solar still passive two water with inclination of 20 ° in coverage. The operation of the equipment is batch to food and continuos to collection of distilled water. Was determined the parameter of Chloride, that it is the most representative element of salinity, and pH and still held the mass balance. The results showed a distillate with 12.40 mg Cl in opposition to 700.00 of chloride inle . Thinking themselves in an industrial scale, which would be fed volumes of the order of thousands of cubic metres, these values would be the order of tons of salt a day, so that strategies should be established destination for such waste. Based on the results analyzed, there was a removal of approximately 99% of Cl- The mass of Cl in waste was 3487, where it can infer that, for sewage or water production with high salinity, waste generated will reach, the order of tonnes daily. Keywords: Solar energy, Solar distiller, Waste management, Chloride [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Waste Minimization in an Aircraft Maintenance Process: Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing and Cleaner Production Approaches FONTES, C. O. (IPT/Estre); ALVES, J. F. (Ambientacy Engineering); TEIXEIRA, C. E. (IPT/UNINOVE)
|
Abstract: The aircraft maintenance involves actions designed to assess and minimize wear of parts through the preventive action (lubrication and replacement of filters, for example) and also the corrective action (replacement parts), respecting all the requirements of safety, occupational health and environment. During the maintenance procedures a variety of waste are generated, such as parts and different types of used inputs. It is noteworthy that many of these are hazardous waste, for which the possibility of minimization generation is also an opportunity to reduce costs of disposal. This article presents a case study of a Brazilian airline company focus to identify opportunities for waste minimization in aircraft maintenance step, applying approaches lean manufacturing, six sigma and cleaner production. Among the activities include the maintenance process mapping and environmental aspects identification. In addition, there is the integration of three types of approaches cited that supported the project ensuring the correct prioritization of the identified opportunities. It was observed that the use of the three approaches together provides a greater opportunity to generate gains to the company, since all potential possibilities within a process were addressed. The waste used as inputs in the process of maintenance such as filters, chemicals, paint, rags, PPE etc., represen t a large reduction potential with low effort and in accordance with sector regulation. The results demonstrated that by integrating these approaches is possible to obtain gains of 10% to 15% reduction in solid waste generation and reducing the danger of same in case of no generation avoided. For market in question, numerous other opportunities reduction of waste generation can be addressed through these three methods of approach, it is suggested including benchmarkingin companies in other sectors with more mature processes in terms of quality and loss control. Keywords: Maintenance; waste; aircraft; continuous improvement; cleaner production. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Waste Water Minimization of Starch Industry Using Water Pinch Technology M. Dakwala, B. Mohanty, R. Bhargava (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee-India)
|
Abstract: Water is a vital component for many industrial operations, and is utilized for a wide range of purposes in industrial processes. The rapid growth in population, coupled with industrialization and urbanization, resulted in an increased demand for water, leading to serious consequences on the environment. The cost and scarcity of water beside stricter regulations on industrial effluents have become a significant factor in commodity material manufacturing. In this paper sincere efforts had been put to demonstrate, the potential of water pinch technology at real world of industries. To explore the effectiveness of this technology a case studies from a Starch industry of India is under taken with an aim to reduce demineralised (DM) water flow rate and subsequently waste water flow rate. The problem is viewed as a single contaminant problem and all the three modes of water integration i.e. re-use, regeneration-reuse, regeneration –recycle are demonstrated. The DM water consumption is 50 tph before modification and after modification using water pinch it reduces to 31.9 tph (reuse), 21.6 tph (regeneration-reuse) and 12 tph (regenerationrecycling). The results obtained from the present analysis are compared well with the results obtained from well established software ASPEN WATER which uses mathematical programming approach based on MINLP. The cost benefit analysis illustrates that the profit obtained in the case of reuse is 17, 63,914 INR per year and the payback period for the regeneration-reuse and regeneration –recycling are 1.8 and 1.1 months. A computer program is developed in MATLAB for analysis of the above case study using water pinch technology. Keywords: Waste water minimization, water pinch, starch |
||
Waste Zero - 3R J. F. Moraes; N. Aquino; R. Ferreira; T. Varella (Rhodia)
|
Abstract: This project was initiated in 1989, when all the amount of consumed water from Rhodia was provided by the public system or artesian wells, These artesian wells had a low capacity of supply and the constant raise in the costs of the public water service were important limiting facts to the industrial activities. A group of work was created to solve this problem. The group aimed three central goals:Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The specific goals were: Reduce the volume, variability and contamination of effluent, Use clean technologies, Improvements in the collection system. The general goal of the project was to find the best possible interaction between profit, investments and environment. Keywords: Reuse, recycle, ultrafiltration, waste [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Water and Energy Consumption in the Life Cycle of Flush Devices and Gray Water Reuse GNOATTO, E. L.; KALBUSCH, A.; HENNING, E. (UDESC - Brazil)
|
Abstract: This article aims to analyze, through the Life Cycle Assessment, three scenarios with different solutions for the availability of water on toilets of a classroom building of a University in Southern Brazil. In the first scenario, singleflush devices were used on all toilets of a campus building. In the second scenario, dual-flush devices were used and in the third scenario, the installation of dual-flush devices and a gray water reuse system from the washbasins in the toilets were analyzed. The objective was to quantify the environmental impacts in the three scenarios by comparing the use of single flush and water-saving devices and also the reuse of the gray water in terms of water consumption and energy consumption. Measurements of the available plumbing fixtures were done in two stages, with single-flush and dual-flush devices. The environmental impact assessment was carried out with the support of the SimaPro 8.3.0 software. The replacement of flush devices reduced water consumption in the operation stage of the toilets on 26.97%. The highest water and energy consumption occurred in scenario 1, due to the higher demand for water in the operation stage and higher energy expenditure for the pumping and treatment of the water. The gray water reuse in scenario 3 decreases the amount of water consumed in the toilets. The results showed that it is environmentally feasible to replace the single-flush with dual-flush devices in the campus toilets. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment. Flush devices. Water-saving systems. [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Water Demand Management through Partnerships with SABESP and Government Sectors R. R. Chahin (SABESP)
|
Abstract: The availability of water resources and adequate bulk water and wastewater infrastructure to meet the growing water demand in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area can be a limiting constraint to the social upliftment and economic prosperity of the city. Therefore, partnerships with Municipalities and Government Departments focusing on conservation efforts are very important. The aim of this paper is to show initiatives of The Water and Sewage Services Company of the State of São Paulo – Sabesp in water demand management hard task. Keywords: Water, conservation, government, demand management [Abstract] [Organizational Report in Portuguese] |
||
Water Management in the Tanning Industry – A Diagnosis under the Cleaner Production Principles in Sao Paulo State, Brazil J. W. F. Pacheco (CETESB), D. D. Telles(FAT-SP), F. M. Ribeiro (CETESB)
|
Abstract: Water is an important resource for the tanning industry. Considering the increasing necessity of the rational use of water by the mankind, the aim of this work was to make a diagnosis of water management in the tanneries with beamhouse operations in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, under the focus of the Cleaner Production (CP). The methodology included the elaboration and application of a survey, evaluating management parameters, through interviews in 9 (nine) tanneries. The data analysis resulted in a 'water management traffic light', which shows the overall degree of this management. Results showed that although some good practices were found in these tanneries, generally the water management under CP is incipient. Keywords: Water management, cleaner production, tannery, leather industry |
||
Water Pumping Station Santana: a Case Study on Loss Reduction and Energy Consumption in the Sanitation Sector M. A. Braghiroli, M. B. dos Santos, D. Brega Filho (SABESP) |
Abstract: The sector of water supply Santana located in the northern zone of São Paulo was the pioneer in Sabesp undergoing a restructuring focused on process optimization. The excellent results obtained with the changes in the layout and replacement of old equipment is given in the environmental sphere, economic, technical and social. The main highlights were saving on energy consumption, the amount of water loss reduction and adducted. Keywords: Sanitation, water, energy, reduction, loss [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Water Quality Management: the Brazilian and the American Models L. B. E. Veiga; A. Magrini (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: All over the world, the continuous population growth, the increasingly urban and industrial concentration and the increasingly expansion of the irrigated agriculture, lead to an increase in the water demand and depletion, which can lead to water scarcity for many of its designated uses. In Brazil, Law 9433, enacted in 1997, established the National Water Resources Policy and created the National Water Resource Management System, introducing a new integrated approach to environmental management policies and economic-based instruments. This Law defined the hydrographic basin as the unit of planning, considering the water multiple uses, introducing many changes at the institutional and policy instruments levels. From the policy instruments perspective, the Law established new management instruments and worked towards the integration of these new instruments with the other instruments defined by the Brazilian environmental legislation: water bodies designated uses x water bodies framework. The Resolution 357 enacted in 2005 from the National Environmental Council (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente – CONAMA), set the environmental guidelines for implementing water bodies’ framework, and established the classification of water bodies and the conditions for discharging effluents into them. However, this Resolution left much to be improved. For instance, this Resolution established fixed limits for effluent discharges, making no distinction between these discharges according to the related industrial activity or technology. Furthermore, it did not consider the carrying capacity of the water bodies that will receive the discharges, and it is not linked to the other instruments set forth in Law 9433. This might reduce the efficacy of the instruments and generate diseconomies for public and private agents. As a result, many criticisms in this respect prompted CONAMA to promise a revision of the effluent discharge limits. The wisest course would be to base this revision mainly on the international water management experience. This article aims at contributing to this effort, by analyzing the case of the United States (US), which can provide valuable insight in terms of defining water quality standards and effluent discharge limits based on control technologies and industrial typologies. Some of the main water pollution control instruments predicted in the US Clean Water Act (CWA, 1972), the policy that regulates the water resources management in the US, are analyzed in this paper: the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and the Assessment Total Maximum Daily Load Tracking and Implementation System (ATTAINS). Finally, based on the US model this paper made some suggestions that could be incorporated in the Brazilian legislation. Keywords: Water Resources Management, Water quality, Effluent Discharges, Brazil, United States [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Web-Based Application for Calculation and Analysis of Environmental Sustainability in Emergy FRANÇA, W. L. M.; DEMETRIO, F. J. C. (UEMA); GIANNETTI, B. F.; ALMEIDA, C. M. V. B. (UNIP)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a software on the web, client/server model of four layers, for calculation and analysis of environmental sustainability indexes using emergy as a tool. The first layer is formed by a MySQL database stored on a web server Apache. In the layer of business rules are developed routines calculation and analysis of the indices in emerging resource considered, using the programming language PHP. Through a form on the presentation layer, the user provides the primary data input about renewable resources, non-renewable, transformed, exported and imported from any regional system and receives as output, environmental analysis emergy in the form of graphs, thematic maps and tables with calculated values of indicators. Internet browsers represent the client layer. The tests indicated that the PHP and MySQL open source technologies associated with an environmental assessment methodology showed how computational tools can contribute to the sustainable development of a region. Keywords: Emergy, resource, web application, sustainable development |
||
What is materiality in GRI G4? A Discussion and Agenda for Future Research CARPEJANI, P. (PUC-PR); PINHEIRO DE LIMA, E. (PUC-PR/UTFPR); MACHADO, C. G. (PUC-PR)
|
Abstract: Many researchers and professionals in the sustainability area do not know or do not have a clear definition of materiality. This subject has gained international recognition by being the key element of sustainability performance measurement. As of 2013, Global Reporting Initiative used the G4 Guidelines and made it easier for the companies to disclose their sustainability performance through materiality, setting priorities between the pillars of sustainable and the needs of their stakeholders. This study aims to explore the definitions of materiality among the G4 Guidelines, creating, at the same time, the future research agenda. It was used an integrative literature review methodology. The procedure allows to respond to the research problem, since the approach supports a organized, systematic and broad analysis of the information found. The method provides understanding of materiality based on previous studies. The results show that, although materiality has been emphasized in 2013, there is still no vast literature on the subject. Moreover, subjectivity is inherent to the topic. There is a lack of clear instructions related to the application and mathematical support regarding the use of the factors. The article contributes to science, uncovering the real meaning of materiality and pointing out research gaps. The findings suggest an extensive field for future academic research, since the knowledge about the concept's operationalization it’s built on the practice, especially in business environment. Keywords: Materiality, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Indicators, Sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Wind-speed modelling using Fourier analysis and Nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NAR) RUEDA-BAYONA, J.G. (Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Colombia); CABELLO J.J.; SCHNEIDER, I.L. (Universidad de la Costa - Colombia)
|
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for analyzing and predicting local wind-speed with high time resolution (hourly) and long-term (years) horizon, through Fourier analysis and Nonlinear autoregressive network (NAR). Engineering activities and wind energy applications (wind power estimation and power system operations) requires accurate wind-speed modelling. Additionally, wind time series exhibits nonlinearities, gaps and scarce of in situ data, therefore, the proposed methodology is able to deal with those requirements. Considering the lack of in situ data, the research recommends a data assimilation and natural variability identification before atmospheric variable forecasting. The study used a wind-speed time series from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) project database (1980 to 2014) and compared against in situ data for assimilation. Then, Fourier identified natural variability for wind-speed at local stations. Also, we found a quarterly variability associated with Madden Julian fluctuations, semiannual, annual, and 6-year variability (ENSO). NAR model predicted successfully the wind-speed with 3 hours’ interval for 11 years according to 0.90 of correlation. The low computational cost and the accuracy of modelled results obtained in this research, allow to implement the proposed methodology for diverse engineering and scientific research applications. Keywords: wind-speed, Fourier, NAR, reanalysis, wind potential, modelling. |
||
Wood Construction and Circular Building: Potential for Sustainability TAVARES, S. F.; INO, A.; OMETTO, A. R. (USP)
|
Abstract: The construction industry in Brazil is characterized as having great environmental impact, consumption of materials and waste production. On the other hand, is one of the most important economic and social sectors, responsible for our built environment construction, the generation of many of jobs and the economy. Against a framework of exhaustion of raw materials, population increase, and of global warming caused by anthropogenic actions, is fundamental to develop new approaches for a suitable construction, or a new construction’s paradigms. Therefore, within the scope of the Circular Economy is proposed the Design for Circularity, through the Circular Building, which is designed and developed aiming high durability, flexibility, recyclability and disassembling, using materials of sustainable origin, non-toxic, with high quality and functional performance, that can be reused unlimited times. It is about designing for the maximum performance of materials and edification without the loss of quality. Thus, the goal of this paper is to evaluate what is the wood potential as material that contributes to the Design for Circularity and Circular Building, by analyzing its intrinsic and relational properties, in the frame construction system. The article has a qualitative methodological approach, of an exploratory nature, based on the systematic literature review. The findings demonstrate that wood, through the frame construction, has high potential for Design for Circularity, contributing to a more sustainable building. Keywords: Circular Building, Design for Circularity, wood, frame construction, sustainability [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
WSD as a Sustainable Tool for the CP Practices: Water/Wastewater Minimization in Industrial Processes R. C. Mirre; L. Yokoyama; F. L. P. Pessoa (UFRJ)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) practices in the industry require an adequate understanding of the characteristics of the manufacture processes. If the aim is to minimize the water consumption and the environmental impact due to the generation of effluent, then water processing in the industry are very important. In this way, it’s necessary to provide environmental sustainable practices, such as reusing water and wastewater. The necessity in developing water reuse programs in several areas, mainly in the industrial sector, has been related to the use of technologies as the tools for an adequate water resources management. Process Integration is a part of the Process Systems Engineering, which has been allowing improvements techniques applied to waste/wastewater minimization. Hence, an important tool is called Water Sources Diagram (WSD), an algorithmic procedure that uses heuristics rules and searches the best connections between sources and sinks of water within the industrial processes. It allows the synthesis of the mass exchange networks with maximum water reuse, including regeneration and recycle processes. The objective of this work is to focus on the WSD algorithmic procedure as a useful tool for evaluation of practical analysis on the water and wastewater minimization, in the Cleaner Production approach. In this work a case study is used to illustrate the application of this procedure showing the reduction of water flow rate obtained compared to the original flowsheet. Besides, the WSD performes calculations quickly, even by hand, and generates process mass exchange network without process modifications simultaneously. The application of the procedure in the industry requires the characterization of water and wastewater with respect to flow rate and contaminants concentrations in the respective streams. Keywords: Industrial water management, water/wastewater reuse, environmental friendly strategies [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Your Role in Society GARCIA, F. S.; MARTINES, A. I. T. (UNIOESTE)
|
Abstract: “Your role in the Society” is a project that has as the purpose to bring awareness to UNIOESTE – Campus of Foz do Iguaçu academic community, which englobes servers, professors and students; about the reuse and rational use of paper and other office supplies, mainly through paper recycling. For both, was conducted: (1) first a handcrafted paper recycling course was given, so the team could learn and act as replicators; (2) bring awareness to all institution departments for the better use of paper and its separation; (3) production of recycled paper. With these actions the servers were sensitized to decrease the use of paper, and yet to decrease the use of financial resources to buy materials a project might provide, such as bookmarks, business cards, notebooks, among others. Keywords: Environmental management; environmental responsibility; paper recycling [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese]
|
||
Zero discharge of galvanoplasty's effluent - Use of a reactor for high efficiency of electrocoagulation-flotation combined with ion exchange resins for plating wastewater treatment P. Araújo; J. Katz (EFIL)
|
Abstract: This paper presents some results obtained after implantation of a reactor for high efficiency of electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF-AE) to replace the method of physical-chemical reactions traditionally used in plating wastewater treatment (ETEG) of the Termogal Tratamento de Superfícies Ltda, Itu-SP, Brazil. The effluent leaving the reactor after ECF-AE filtration of solid particles is percolated into ion exchangers (IER) to ensure the removal of contaminants levels of heavy metal waste. The effluent is reused continuously in a closed circuit.After the implementation of the ECF-AE reactor, there was a reduction of up to 91% in the use of chemical reagents in ETEG, and improving the quality of the effluent after removal of the reactor compared to the treated effluent by conventional physico-chemical method Keywords: Electrocoagulation, electroflotation, electroplating, ion exchange resin, reuse [Abstract] [Paper in Portuguese] |
||
Conferences |
||
|---|---|---|
Advancing chemicals policy in the United States to promote safer chemicals and products Ken Zarker (Washington State Department of Ecology - USA)
|
Abstract: In the United States, state governments have been recognized for developing and implementing chemicals policy initiatives designed to promote the transition to safer chemicals, materials, products and processes. These policy efforts were initiated in several leading states to address increasing concerns about toxic chemicals that are found in products, including children’s products. This presentation will describe the rise of state comprehensive chemicals policies, efforts to prioritize chemicals of concern, and future actions and tools necessary to spur reform to the federal chemicals management system in the United States under the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. The story about chemicals policy is about how individual states have been taking legislative and policy actions while gaining experience and building the case for comprehensive reforms to address the systemic need for a national solution to address all chemicals in commerce. [More..] |
|
Analysis on CP Promoting Systems and its Results in China Xiuling Yu (National Cleaner Production Center - NCPC, China)
|
Abstract: Cleaner Production has been introduced into China since 1993. After the development in nearly two decades, a comparatively completed cleaner production promoting system has been established in China. This paper makes a detailed illustration on the regulatory system, administrative system, technical supporting system and educational system for promoting cleaner production in China. In particular, this paper elaborates the practice courses of Cleaner Production in China in last two decades, analyzing the characteristic of Chinese Cleaner Production policy in the different historical periods. It also analyzed the results of Cleaner Production promoting system in China according to the investigation and study data of Cleaner Production audit of national key enterprises from 2004 to 2007. The result indicated that the advancement pattern of the voluntary Cleaner Production audit and compulsory Cleaner Production audit effectively promoted the advancement of Cleaner Production in Chinese industry. The consciousness on Cleaner Production of the government, the enterprise and the public have had essential enhancement. [More..] |
|
Are you serious? The Importance, Nature and Gaps of Managing Sustainable Supply Chains
|
Abstract: Although research on sustainable supply chain management has made many valuable contributions, in practice businesses still tend to follow the profit maximization paradigm. Also, there is a dearth of empirical evidence and theoretical reflection on how supply chains incorporate sustainability in developing and emerging economies. Drawing from established management theories (e.g., institutional theory, evolutionary theory, complexity theory, learning/innovation, RBV) and practice, the aim of this talk is to discuss these two gaps by exploring alternative ways of thinking and how supply chain sustainability can be implemented and managed in different settings. This talk stresses that becoming a sustainable supply chain is not a destination, but a journey, where trajectory and time matter. Given the evolutionary nature of supply chain sustainability trajectories, this talk highlights that supply chains learn and evolve just as organizations do. [More..] |
|
Brazilian Navy Initiatives for Environmental Pollution Prevention Gilberto Huet de Bacellar Sobrinho (Marinha do Brasil)
|
Abstract: The concerns and national initiatives directed to the environmetal conservation and preservation have grown significantly in the last years, enhanced by the promulgation of the Law 9,605/1998 (that determines administrative and criminal penalties derived from harmful behavior to the environment) and of the Law 9,966/2000 (that determines the prevention, the control and the fiscalization of the pollution caused for oil launching and other harmful or dangerous substances in waters under national jurisdiction). Brazilian Navy follows with special interest this process, exercising its legal attributions, by means of representatives participation in the Environmental Management, of the Harbour and Coasts Direction (DPC, Diretoria de Portos e Costas), in the work in Interministerial Work Groups, instituted by the Ministry of the Environment, for regulation of a series of new legal instruments resulted from these legislations. Among these new instruments, the Individual Emergency Plan (PEI, Plano de Emergência Individual) for episodes of oil pollution in waters under national jurisdiction, the Area Plan (Pará, Plano de Área) and the Contingency National Plan (PNC, Plano Nacional de Contingência) can be cited, the last still in elaboration phase. [More...] |
|
Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology: Two Important Concepts for a Sustainable Industry Leo Baas (Linköping University - Sweden)
|
Abstract: Industrial routines are embedded in unsustainable practices that are difficult to change. The complexity and uncertainties of new concepts such as Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology are often approached with ignorance and misperception. Nevertheless, the integration of economic, environmental and social dimensions in industrial activities is increasingly perceived as a necessary condition for a sustainable society. Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology are important inter-linked pillars in such change processes of improved economic, environmental and social performance as basis of sustainability. Cleaner Production is optimizing industrial activities from cradle to grave in single companies and Industrial Ecology, which is sometimes described as: `an integrated system, in which the consumption of energy and materials is optimized and the effluents of one process serve as the raw material(s) or energy for another process’, is optimizing industrial activities between companies. [More..] |
|
Cleaner Production (in industry and services) to Mitigate Climate Change Carlo Vandecasteele (University of Leuven - Belgium)
|
Abstract: One of the 17 sustainable development goals (goal 13) adopted by the United Nations on September 25, 2015, is ‘climate action’, i.e. ‘to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts’. The major economic sectors contributing to climate change are worldwide: (1) Electricity and heat production (25%), (2) Agriculture and forestry (24%), (3) Industry, and (4) transportation (IPCC, 2014). Cleaner production (or resource efficient and cleaner production), which includes measures to reduce greenhouse gas (mainly CO2, CH4, N2O and fluorinated gases) emissions offers thus in all these sectors the opportunity to combat and mitigate climate change. In this context, emissions over the entire life-cycle of a product or process must be considered. |
|
Defining the Role of Pollutant Release and Transfer Registries (PRTR's) in Global Sustainability Steve DeVito (Environmental Protection Agency - USA)
|
Abstract: Pollutant Release and Transfer Registry (PRTR) systems have been established throughout the world to track emissions and other industrial waste management quantities (e.g. quantities recycled or burned for energy recovery) of potentially harmful chemicals. Currently, at least 50 countries have either established their own PRTR or implemented a pilot PRTR. More PRTRs are expected to come into existence in the coming years. PRTRs have long been recognized and used as practical and powerful pollution prevention tools. The use of PRTR data as a means to measure the effectiveness of industrial pollution prevention practices within a country is increasing. For example, in recent years the United States Environmental Protection Agency has promoted the use of its Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) database (the U.S.’ PRTR) to identify and publically recognize facilities, companies, and industry sectors that are implementing green chemistry and engineering practices that reduce emissions or other waste quantities of toxic chemicals, and encourages other facilities or companies to do the same. [More...]
|
|
Developing and Diffusing New Technologies Through Eco-Value Propositions Jeremy Hall (Journal of Engineering and Technology Management and Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University - Canada)
|
Abstract: The presentation will investigate legitimization processes and organizations’ strategies for developing and diffusing new technologies. Strategies that fail to consider legitimization processes, especially in controversial social environments, could result in costly delays or promising technology left sitting on the shelf. Conversely, socially beneficial attributes of a new technology may provide an ‘eco-value proposition’ that may act as compensation for what could otherwise be initially unviable commercially. [More...]
|
|
Do the Limits to Growth Apply to Smart Cities that Have Achieved the Sustainable Development Goals? Paul Sutton (University of Denver - USA)
|
Abstract: The year 2022 will mark the 50 year anniversary of the much maligned and controversial ‘Limits to Growth’ study which asserted that economic growth and population growth cannot continue indefinitely. Since then the world has seen major declarations and aspirations relevant to the limits to growth including: 1) The 1987 WCED (Brundtland Report coining the phrase ‘sustainable development’), 2) The 1992 UNCED (the Rio Declaration establishing Agenda 21, the UNFCCC, CBD, and UNCCD, 3) The 2005 Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, and 4) the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals. A nascent ‘Smart City’ movement is purporting that information technology and webs of sensors will enable the perhaps contradictory goal of ‘Smart Growth’. [More...]
|
|
Ecological Footprint - Fundamentals for Building a Successful Future
|
Abstract: The Paris declaration consolidated first and foremost, that there is a limited carbon budget, and that what counts are net-emissions. Further, as we move out of fossil fuel, the main resource to power our economies is the regenerative capacity of ecosystems. Access to regenerative capacity is therefore becoming the limiting factor. This global resource transformation puts South America into a strong position, particularly compared to other regions. How can economies most effectively manage the emerging risks and opportunities associated with the post-Paris world? Mathis Wackernagel will present data-driven frameworks to help shape and test policy and investment opportunities, and track progress. [More...] |
|
Emergy and the Economy: Reflections on Sustainability Mark T. Brown (University of Florida, USA)
|
Abstract: Following Schumacher’s (1973) concept of the primary economy (nature) feeding the secondary economy (agricultural and industrial production), we suggest that there now exists a tertiary economy (the financial system of trade, banking, insurance, and stocks). This tertiary economy is the tail that wags the dog of modern nation states. Driven by expectations for continued growth, investments have been increasingly directed toward the tertiary economy rather than toward the primary and secondary economies. As most economic theory for stable economies is based on growth, the planning and policy for economic health of nations is based on increases in all aspects of the economy. Yet growth cannot continue forever, and, in fact, the insistence on continued growth is at the root of the current economic crises. [More...] |
|
Environmental Management Systems: Providing the Best Opportunity to Integrate Cleaner Production into Sustainability Strategies Jeffrey Burke (National Pollution Prevention Roundtable, USA)
|
Abstract: Sustainability, as defined at the 2005 World Summit on Social Development, includes three pillars: environment, social equity and economic demands, which are also referred to as the “triple bottom line.” There is some disagreement as to how these pillars interrelate, but it is clear that attention must be paid to all three in order for an organization to be “sustainable.” Failure to address one of the pillars will inevitably result in a breakdown of the organization, similar to removing one of the legs on a tripod. This presentation will focus on the environment pillar and how an Environmental Management Systems (EMS) provides the structure, accountability and continual improvement approach necessary to achieve sustainability. In some of the examples, social equity and economic benefits will also be mentioned and discussed. [More...] |
|
| Five Challenges We Must Address IF We Are to Make Progress Toward Truly Sustainable Societies! Donald Huisingh (University of Tennessee-USA)
|
Abstract: As the world’s human population continues to increase at more than 70,000,000 per year and as climate change related challenges continue to increase the frequency of severe weather events, it is increasingly urgent that we develop and use new values, visions, strategies, processes and governance methods to transform our societies. What are the primary challenges we must address and how can we chart our course locally, nationally and globally, toward truly sustainable societal processes and lifestyles? [More..] |
|
From ‘Dilution is the Solution to Pollution’ to ‘Regional Sustainable Development’ is the Solution for improved Quality of Life for All: A Long and Challenging Journey Donald Huisingh (University of Tennessee-USA)
|
Abstract: Societal progress toward more sustainable patterns is often slow and unpredictable. Frequently, crises trigger major changes from the ‘business-as-usual’ approaches to new ‘normal behaviors.’ Some of the historical crises that triggered abrupt changes will be reviewed to contextualize the resultant societal changes. A brief review will then be presented of the thirty-year history of the evolution of the prevention-oriented concepts of Cleaner Production of Cleaner Products & Services in the framework of sustainable local & regional development. Based upon insights gained from this review, the speaker will address evolving societal, ecological, technological and economic trends, which provide reason to be cautiously optimistic that in the next three decades, regional, national and global imperatives will be addressed with improvements in socially responsible values, paradigms, and strategies built upon global eco-system and societal sustainability. [More...]
|
|
Global Income Inequality and Climate Change
|
Abstract: “End poverty in all its forms everywhere” is the first of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted September 2015; setting targets of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030 for all people everywhere. In parallel another United Nations process took place that culminated in December 2015 where 195 countries adopted the new Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aimed to keep warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels in the long-term while recognizing developing countries right to eradicate extreme poverty and develop sustainably. These agreements provide a basis for putting the world economies on a sustainable pathway. However, both agreements do not prescribe how these ambitious goals may be achieved in a compatible manner, nor how the burden or responsibility of achieving them may be shared. [More...] |
|
Global Warning and Sustainable Development Phillip Fearnside (National Research Institute of Amazonia - INPA)
|
Abstract: The term "development" implies in a change of direction that represents an improvement of the human condition, "sustainable" implies that this will continue indefinitely or at least for a very long time. One of the main impediments to the continued improvement is global warming, and Amazon is an area that is expected to suffer the worst consequences of climate change, if this change is allowed without making dramatic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Global warming affects both the temperature and precipitation, but the changes are very uneven throughout the world. For most of the world, the increased temperatures will bring more rainfall because, in warm oceans, more water evaporates and has to fall somewhere as precipitation. However, in the Amazon this is not expected. Instead, two different phenomena are expected, both exacerbated by global warming, intensifying droughts in the region. One is El Niño, which causes droughts and forest fires in the northern part of the Amazon, such as the Great Fire of Roraima 1997-1998. El Niño is activated by hot water in the Pacific Ocean. A second form of Amazonian drought is activated by hot water in the Atlantic. This causes drought in parts of southern and western Amazonia, as the disastrous drought of 2005. A recent modeling study indicates that the frequency of this type of drought would increase dramatically in the next few years if it is allowed that the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases increase following the pattern of "business-as-always." [More...] |
|
Growth, De-growth and Circular Economy. A Resource-based Perspective on Sustainability Sergio Ulgiati (Parthenope University of Naples, Italy)
|
Abstract: Production and consumption activities of human societies are always accompanied by airborne, waterborne and solid waste generation processes, so that the basic environmental issue worldwide still is how to best identify, prevent and manage waste streams. The increased waste generation is certainly a consequence of increased purchasing power, improved standard of life and more technological choices becoming available. However, the rapid urbanization and change in people's lifestyles - especially in countries with higher per-capita incomes - boosts the production and consumption of products characterized by shorter life spans and higher volumes, in so contributing to increased resource consumption and waste-to-disposal flows. Surprisingly, societies still have problems identifying a precise strategy for prevention and management of household and industrial emissions and waste. Consensus is shared worldwide about the fact that prevention is the most cost-effective waste management strategy, crucial to making progresses toward more sustainable societal patterns. [More...] |
|
Industrial Water Management Cam Metcalf (University of Louisville, EUA)
|
Abstract: The Industrial Water Management Workshop’s objective is to define and explain the Kentucky Pollution Prevention Center’s (KPPC) process water management (PWM) program, provide examples of the benefits and outcomes of PWM services, and discuss strategies to enhance knowledge sharing. The University of Louisville’s Kentucky Pollution Prevention Center (KPPC) is using technology diffusion approaches to accelerate the adoption of innovative pollution prevention (P2) and energy efficiency (E2) technologies in industrial sectors. Traditional technical assistance that just promotes P2/E2 technologies has not resulted in the implementation of these technologies to the level most technical assistance programs (TAPs) would like to achieve. Technology diffusion can help companies realize that pollution prevention and energy efficiency are a technically and economically viable alternative over pollution control and treatment. The Technology Diffusion Initiative (TDI) program is a unique, market-driven approach to environmental protection that helps business and industry implement pollution prevention and energy efficiency (P2/E2) technologies that solve environmental problems faced by their organizations. The model uses a multi-step, risk-reduction, confidence-building process that provides market conditioning for penetration and accelerates the adoption of technology innovations. [More...] |
|
International Perspectives from Climate Change
|
Abstract: This conference has the purpose of debating different perspectives for adapting/mitigating climate change from technical to cultural perspectives taking into account socioeconomics, geographic, and gender differences. Climate change is an imperative and global topic that has been debated in multidisciplinary and multicultural stages. Traditionally, Climate Change is seem within a hard science perspective, but human daily behaviors that led to anthropogenic causes have often ignored. [More...] |
|
Life Cycle Management – Bringing People, Organizations and Product Chains into the Environmental Field Arne Remmen (Aalborg University, Denmark)
|
Abstract: Different approaches to integration of management systems (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 and SA 8000) with various levels of ambition have emerged. The tendency of increased compatibility between these standards has paved the road for discussions of, how to understand the different aspects of integration. The focus of the article is primarily to discuss three ambition levels of integration: from increased compatibility of system elements over coordination of generic processes to an embeddedness of an integrated management system (IMS) in a culture of learning and continuous improvements. [More...] |
|
Managing the Food-Energy-Water Nexus for Achieving the Urban Sustainable Development Goals in China Gengyuan Liu (Beijing Normal University - China)
|
Abstract: One of the 17 sustainable development goals (goal 13) adopted by the United Nations on According to the report of United Nations (2014), the current average urbanization rate has reached 54%, while in 2050, it will become 66%. With the speeding up of urbanization and industrialization, the cities in China have developed fast as well. In the last 30 years, the urban population in China raised from less than 200 million to 700 million rapidly. Nowadays more than half of all the Chinese people live in urban areas. Urban areas consume 26% freshwater, 67~76% energy of all the consumption globally; while emit 75% greenhouse gases. Cities will face numerous problems in meeting the increasing needs of their urban populations. Among these problems, the efficient provision of food, energy, and water is particularly challenging. [More...] |
|
Modification of the Uruguayan Energy Matrix with the Use of Non-Conventional Energies Carlos Fernando Zinola (University of Republic - Uruguay)
|
Abstract: The main sources of energy in Uruguay have been oil and its derivates, which were usually 60 % of the useful energy in the country. Secondly, the hydraulic and woods with less than 20 % each other. However, in 2005 this number began to decrease to 50 % with the incorporation of biomass and biodiesel fuels. However, the use of eolic energy in the windy states of the country gives more than 20 MW of real energy. BID project gave in 2008 the possibility to study the incorporation of hydrogen, methanol or natural gas fuel cells in three main aspects: rural neighborhoods, vehicles and addition of energy to the Electric Network at prime hours. In this sense, the tendency beneath the 2010-2030 period will change substantially with the incorporation of other sources of energy such as compressed natural gas (CNG) and of course hydrogen, from biomass reforming or specially from water electrolysis. The firewood or logs as main autochthon fuel, could play a role for the nowadays levels of actual forestations. These fuels can be used as a substitute of oil derivates for industrial incomes. However, they will be favored or not depending on the international prices and the availability of the fuel not used for other purposes, such as cellulose and pulp conversion to paper in our new industries. [More...] |
|
| Organic waste, residues and by-products from agricultural, industrial and urban systems as biorefinery substrates: Viable Option or Fairie Tale? An application of SUMMA (SUstainability Multi-method Multi-scale Assessment) Sergio Ulgiati (Parthenope University, Italy)
|
Abstract: Our societies are day by day overwhelmed by increasing amounts of organic waste materials, from agricultural, industrial and urban systems. Solutions to safely dispose of these waste materials are most often not easy, not cheap, not environmentally friendly. New strategies for prevention, recycling, and conversion of waste to useful products are urgently needed and call for the ability to evaluate the feasibility and profitability of proposed solutions, from several points of view, in order to take into proper account the economic, energetic, environmental and social sustainability. SUMMA (SUstainability Multi-method Multi-scale Assessment), a performance evaluation tool, capable to provide an integrated assessment of technological, energy and environmental processes across time and spatial scale, is applied to a biorefinery system design aimed at usefully converting organic residues into bioenergy and biochemicals, in order to test the feasibility of the model as well as identify bottlenecks and improvement opportunities. The approach is based on the joint and consistent application of material, energy, exergy, economic and emergy methods, at local, regional and global scales, and provides a set of efficiency, feasibility and environmental sustainability indicators in support to sound policy making. [More..] |
|
Reflections on CP development in Brazil and the Production Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas (Associação Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção & Universidade Federal Fluminense)
|
Abstract: Over the years, the evolution of environmental awareness is improving practices of corporate governance. Driven by the requirements of government, society and the production chain, organizations are adapting to search for sustainability in their business. The Cleaner Production methodology, created by UNIDO/UNEP in 1989, is gaining strength in this direction, allowing the implementation of sustainable practices in micro and small enterprises. Providing preventive practices, Cleaner Production fosters innovation, adding tangible and intangible benefits, and generating competitiveness and profitability for companies. Performance in Production Engineering needs to focus on Skills considering a broader view of business competitiveness facing services, and according to the principles of sustainable development of the internal and external organizations’ requirements. [More...] |
|
Resource Efficient and Clean Urban Technologies Hans Schnitzer
|
Abstract: Cities will be the power plants of the future. Over 50% of the world’s population life in cities, about 65% of the resources are used there and 70% of the emissions are caused by them. And more and more people move to cities for employment and livelihood. It is obvious therefore that the transition to sustainable energy systems has to start here. So far cities have been getting energy from outside. All power plants and refineries are situated far away from the largest consumer. This system is both expensive and volatile. While discussing the possibilities of energy transition in urban areas, reduction in energy demand has to be considered first. It is not mainly technologies that have to be developed, but overwhelmingly the systems that need to be considered. [More...] |
|
São Paulo State's Initiatives Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Trough Cleaner Production Fernando Cardozo Fernandes Rei (Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental)
|
Abstract: Since the time of its inception, almost forty years ago, CETESB – Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental [São Paulo State's Environmental Agency] has always adopted a strategic vision aimed at implementing the most up-to-date environmental policies possible to achieve its mission of safeguarding the State's environmental quality. In this way, the most modern approaches available have been periodically introduced, once its adaptability to the local conditions was acknowleged. Thus, there was a first phase in which CETESB had to opt for a heavy emphasis on Command and Control actions, in order to be able to cope with a scenario of high regional environmental degradation levels, stemming from São Paulo State's haphazard industrial and populational growth process taking place along the early 20th Century. Today, certain names such as “Operação Branca” (Operation White-out), “Caça-fumaça” (Smoke Busters) or “Projeto Cubatão” (The Cubatão Project) are considered as important landmarks in the history of Brazil's environmental initiatives, having achieved outstanding results. Meanwhile, it is also becoming obvious the Command and Control framework presents some limitations, be it regarding to the high costs involved, the tendency to just concentrating or transfering pollutants among the different media (solid liquid or gaseous), to bring increased resource wastage, or due to its potential for causing serious conflicts among its several stakeholders. Additionally, it may also occur instances in which the aplication of those methods alone are not being deemed effective enough to safeguard environmental quality. [More...] |
|
Strategies for Changing the Future Enrique Ortega Rodriguez - (UNICAMP)
|
Abstract: The Earth took millions of years to isolate the CO2 and CH4 in the form of carbonates in the land and seas, with gases dissolved in various forms of ice (permafrost, glaciers, icecaps), as methane hydrates in the ocean floor and also to convert the surplus of biomass ecosystems in oil, gas and coal. The new aerobic environment allowed the production of biomass and genetic diversity. But in two centuries mankind put all back in the air and caused global warming that puts at risk the existence of the human species. In front of this huge risk, the solution requires more than the view of the profit as single parameter. Accordingly, planning should consider the renewability, the natural productivity, the maintenance of environmental services, and the sustainability of lifestyles. The integration of sciences (Ecology, Thermodynamics, Biogeochemistry, Psychology and History) and traditional knowledge can lead to ecological economics and the concept of Eco-Unity and Eco-Region, fundamental keys to benchmark the new generations. In the transition to truly sustainable development (based on renewable resources) it will be necessary to produce the things needed human survival (food, raw materials, fibers, fuels and environmental services), but using fewer oil and recovering the air and the biodiversity. [More...] |
|
| Sustainability practices performed at the Mexican Maquiladora Industry: A case study in the state of Sonora and Baja California, Mexico Nora Munguía (Universidad de Sonora - Mexico)
|
Abstract: By definition, maquiladora used to be any manufacturing plant that imports and assembles duty-free components for export. This definition has suffered some alterations, but not for maquiladoras owned by Americans. Due to under the Article 303 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it was removed the privilege of duty-free importation of inputs and equipment to all countries apart from the Unites States, Canada and Mexico. Maquiladoras arrived in Mexico, around four decades ago, as a way to propel economic development and alleviate the unemployment problems. In the course of its development, maquiladoras have created jobs opportunities, but they also brought all kinds of risks. For that reason, maquiladoras have been under fire over allegations of environmental pollution and poor labor conditions. However, often Mexican authorities do not find scientific evidence that link the maquiladora´s industrial activity to the occurrence of these outcomes. [More..] |
|
The Cleaner Production as Tool for the Development of the Pedro A. Ochoa George (Universidád de Cienfuegos - Cuba)
|
Abstract: The Environmental Strategy of the University Cienfuegos tries, therefore, of linking the performances in environmental matter from the institution to the spirit and the letter of the Calendar 21 of the United Nations, opening a participative process dedicated to guide the curricular activities toward the sustainable development. With this goal the Environmental Strategy of the University of Cienfuegos precise a series of objective that the university community can assume to develop, within the campus and outside, the corresponding tasks for the sake of the sustainable development. The Cleaner Productions (CP) of goods and services are essential so that the concept of sustainable development becomes reality. For such a reason, the principles of the CP have been declared explicitly like centre of the Environmental Strategy of the University of Cienfuegos. On the other hand, a social responsibility of the consequent university institutions exists with its paper of space of the knowledge, researching and teaching that it cannot be ignored and that it is exemplified in its environmental responsibility. The university can and it should have an own role in the diffusion of the environmental concern and in the contribution of solutions to the socio-environmental conflicts within the campus and outside. The focus that the CP offer in the solution of such environmental conflicts also allows to obtain economic benefits. From the perspective of the University of Cienfuegos (UCf) this focus non single search reduction of costs and of environmental impacts, but rather leaving a vision of the relationship Science-Technology-Society (CTS) it implies, also, to keep in mind to the social actors that intervene in these processes. [More...] |
|
The Evolution of Cities: “Brains” or “Parasites” of Sustainable Production and Consumption Processes in China Gengyuan Liu (Beijing Normal University - China)
|
Abstract: In the last two decades, remarkable progress in the promotion and implementation in China has occurred and generated a huge change of land use, energy and other resources demand, as well as environmental problems. It is therefore of paramount importance to explore the driving forces and the consequences of such a trend, as far as environmental integrity and resource availability are concerned. Special focus must be placed to possible changes in driving forces, in order to understand to what extent such a trend is continuous and irreversible or, instead, if sustainable metabolic processes in cities are likely to slow down as a consequence of the expected decline of available energy and material resources. Previous studies have already recognized the importance of the energy and material basis in support to urbanization trends and expressed concerns about the environmental consequences resulted from urbanization. What is missing is an integrated approach capable of establishing a bridge across the three legs of urban sustainability: (i) economic viability; (ii) social desirability; and (iii) ecological compatibility. [More...] |
|
The Paradoxes and Delusions of Economics Luca Coscieme (Trinity College Dublin - Ireland)
|
Abstract: Orthodox economics has seen many of its theoretical pillars undermined by the emergence of “paradoxes” and “delusions”. Despite this, unresolved debates and blind faith have protected the discipline’s status-quo, fostering unsustainable environmental, social, and economic policies. The Sustainable Development Goals could be achieved only through not focusing anymore on economic growth at all costs, but instead promoting wellbeing economies. [More...]
|
|
The Role of Energy in Sustainable Development José Goldemberg (São Paulo University, Brazil)
|
Abstract: Looking at sustainable development through the lens of energy can help clarify the definition above, because the nature of energy systems offers a response to the thorny question of how many “future generations” we should consider. Exhaustible fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) represent 80.1 percent of the present world energy supply, nuclear energy 6.3 percent and renewables, 13.6 percent. Due to the dominance of fossil fuels in the world’s energy supply and their limited expected lifetime, they cannot be considered the world’s main source of energy for more than one or two generations – thus providing a metric to the aim of “not compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. [More...] |
|
The Role of Pollution Prevention in Sustainable Development Jeffrey Burke (National Polution Prevention Roundtable - EUA)
|
Abstract: Benjamin Franklin is credited with making the statement, “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” almost 250 years ago. Although society has changed substantially since Dr. Franklin’s time, the importance of using a prevention approach to solving problems has not. While prevention is often forgotten in favor of command and control approaches, ultimately it makes the most sense from an economic and societal standpoint. There is an accepted rule of total quality management that it takes ten times the unit cost to fix a problem in-house and one hundred times the unit cost to fix a problem that has left the facility. The value of the pollution prevention approach to addressing environmental problems is the main focus of this presentation. In the United States, the term pollution prevention, (or P2), is defined as “any practice which avoids, eliminates, or reduces any pollutant prior to recycling, treatment or disposal.” This has been expanded to include the efficient use of raw materials, energy, water and other natural resources, as well as the creation and conservation of natural habitats. While it seems intuitive that no organization would want to encourage, initiate or increase the waste that it generates, the fact is that this occurs routinely as a result of new products, business growth or expansion, new technology or using a less experienced labor force. It is important to realize that the opportunities for P2 are in the inputs and activities of all processes and that once a waste is generated it must be recycled, treated or properly disposed. [More...] |
|
Unsustainability: A Syndrome of Human Systems Simone Bastianoni (University of Siena, Italy)
|
Abstract: Sustainability is an ideal state, and therefore it is difficult to measure per se. What is quantifiable is the distance from the ideal point of sustainability, i.e. UNsustainability. The 3-dimensional representation of sustainability is misleading since environment, society and economy have very different features and time characteristics, with the environmental part that is condicio sine qua non for sustainability, while things can change rapidly in society and even more in the economy. A key to the quantification of the environmental part is offered by H. Daly’s principles of sustainability: [More...]
|
|
Why do YOU think YOU can change the future of society? Donald Huisingh
|
Abstract: The presenter will explore the possibilities of holistic and integrated approaches to achieve equitable, post‐ fossil carbon societies, which are truly sustainable. He will pose fundamental questions we need to answer in seeking ways of making urgently needed changes: What can we learn from history? What roles have crises had as motivators for making changes? What are roles of ‘good examples’ as motivators for making changes? What roles can alternative paradigms and values have as motivators for making changes. What can be accomplished if we integrate all four approaches to guide and stimulate the transformations that are needed? [More...]
|
|
Why is the Cleaner Production of Cleaner Products and provision of Cleaner Services INSUFFICIENT FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES????? Donald Huisingh (Journal of Cleaner Production & University of Tennessee - EUA)
|
Abstract: During recent decades, as societal members have become increasingly aware of the negative impacts humans are causing upon each other and upon our ecological life support systems, they/we worked to develop and implement approaches for controlling, reducing and preventing them from occurring. In the early era of environmental protection, most countries established pollution control regulations designed to ‘force’ industrial leaders and society, more broadly to treat pollutants at the ‘end-of-the-pipe’ after they were produced. This pollutant treatment approaches led to a mentality of, “it does not matter what we do as long as we treat the pollutants that we produce after you produce them!” This led to the development of a vast array of ‘end-of-pipe’ pollutant control/treatment technologies. These technologies have helped to reduce the negative impacts of many human activities. However, all are expensive to buy, install and to operate at the corporate and municipal levels and they always treat the SYMPTOMS OF INHERENT INEFFICIENCIES within the system rather than challenging the corporate or municipal leaders to ask the following questions: a. What resources am I wasting? b. Why am I wasting them? c. How much are these inefficiencies costing me? d. How can I reduce or totally eliminate these inefficiencies by seeking to prevent them at their sources, rather than treating them when they become wastes? [More...] |
|
Institutional Conferences |
|
|---|---|
Ministério do Meio Ambiente-MMA - Presented by: Luiz Fernando Krieger Merico |
|
Company of Technology of Ambient Sanitation-CETESB - Presented by: Meron Petro Zajac |
|
Basic Sanitation Company of State of São Paulo-SABESP - Presented by: Marcelo Salles Holanda de Freitas |
|
Industries Federation of the State of São Paulo-FIESP - Presented by: Luciano Coelho |
|
National Service of Industrial Learning-SENAI - Presented by: Tânia Machado de Souza Costa (SENAI) |
|
Center of the São Paulo Industries-CIESP - Presented by: Marlúcio Borges |
|
|
|
Plenary Presentation - Sustainability Aspects Production, Consumption and Retail |
|
Plenary Presentations: Three Experiences on Integrating Cleaner Production into Sustainability Strategies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Workshops |
|
|---|---|
Advancing the Use of
Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR).
Data and Information:
What PRTR Data Users Really Want! - Steve DeVito (Environmental Protection Agency , USA) and Marcus da Matta (Ecoadvisor Associated) |
|
Aplicabilidade da metodologia de Produção mais Limpa para as empresas - Tânia Machado de Souza Costa (SENAI) [supplementary material] |
|
Beyond GDP to Happiness, Wellness, Quality of Life, Living Planet and other indices: Guides for establishing Post Fossil Fuel Societies - Donald Huisingh (University of Tennessee) [supplementary material] |
|
| Can We Achieve Sustainability? How to Build Utopian Ideals - Asher Kiperstok (UFBA) |
|
¿Cómo Identificar Oportunidades de Producción más Limpia en las Pequeñas y Medias Empresas? - Andrea Zavala (UNISON-Mexico) [supplementary material] |
|
Climate Action and Affordable Clean Energy - Luís Eduardo Velázquez Contretas (UNISON, Mexico); Carlo Vandecasteele (University of Leuven, Belgium) |
|
Eco-Design as a Stepping-Stone towards Sustainable Business Models in the Circular Economy - Arne Remmen (Aalborg University - Denmark); Gert Hansen (Danish Ministry of Environment) [supplementary material] |
|
Ecological Footprint - Enrique Ortega (State University of Campinas – Brazil); Flavio Hourneaux Junior (Paulista University – Brazil); Pedro A. Frugoli (Paulista University – Brazil); João S. Furtado (Jatobás Institute - Brazil) [supplementary Material] |
|
Emergy: Integrating Biophysical and Economic Values - Mark Brown (University of Florida - USA) |
|
| Emissions Registration and Transfer of Pollutants (RETP) - Marcus E. M. da Matta (Intertox, Scientific Consulting and Research Company – Brazil)
Mirtes Vieitas Boralli (Ministry of Environment – Brazil) [supplementary Material] |
|
Environmental Management Systems - Jeffrey Burke (National Pollution Prevention Roundtable - USA) [supplementary material] |
|
Envisioning and Making Plans to Implement Truly Sustainable Societies - Donald Huisingh (University of Tennessee-USA) [supplementary Material] |
|
Evaluacion Ambiental de los Agroecosistemas y Estrategias que Contribuyan a su Resiliencia - Gloria Rótolo, Jorge Frana, Mabel Fior (INTA - Argentina), Carlos C. Silva (IFSULDEMINAS) and Feni Agostinho
(UNIP) [supplementary material] |
|
Good/Best Practices for Waste Prevention, Reuse, Recycling -
Sergio Ulgiati (Editor-in-Chief of 'Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management' and Parthenope University - Italy) |
|
How Does the Recent Base of the Pyramid (BoP), Social innovation and Entrepreneurship Discourse Align with, contributes toward and/or conflict with Sustainable Development? - Jeremy Hall (Journal of Engineering and Technology Management and Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University - Canada) |
|
If We Have Wrong Measures, We Will Strive for the Wrong Things - Simone Bastianoni (University of Siena - Italy) |
|
Improving Cleaner Production through Brazilian Polluant Release and Transfer Register - Marcus E. M. da Matta (Intertox) |
|
Industrial Water Management - Cam Metcalf (University of Louisville, USA) |
|
Industry Innovation and Infrastructure - Carlos Poveda (TNO, Netherlands); Cecíia M. V. B. Almeida (UNIP, Brazil) |
|
Modelling Approach for Sustainable Management - Kannan Govindan (University of South Denmark-Denmark) |
|
Occupational Health and Safety: Towards a Sustainable Production - Nora Elba Munguia Vega (UNISON - Mexico) |
|
Preventive Strategies and Expanded Supply Chain - Alcir Vilela Junior (SENAC, Brazil) |
|
Responsible Consumption and Production - Feni Agostinho (UNIP, Brazil); Gengyuan Liu (Beijing Normal University, China) |
|
Sustainable Cities and Communities - Luca Coscieme (Trinity College Dublin); Paul Sutton (University of Denver) |
|
| Tools for Sustainability - André Coimbra Felix (Federal University of São Carlos - Brazil); Carlos A. Di Agustini (Getúlio Vargas Foundation - Brazil); João S. Furtado (Jatobás Institute - Brazil) [supplementary Material] |
|
Ten Years Working Together for a Sustainable Future - Donald Huisingh (University of Tennessee - USA) |
|